6301_MooreCoCDLF_Cell6_PTC_ResponsetoComments_FID1401834_20200425

1
Chao, Ming-tai
From:Taylor, Mark <[e-mail]>
Sent:Friday, April 24, 2020 5:51 PM
To:Chao, Ming-tai
Cc:Stanley, Sherri; David Lambert; Randy Gould, PE (Moore Co Public Works); Kirkman, Rachel;
DiFrancesco, Ron
Subject:[External] RE: Comments on the revised Moore County CDLF, Cell 6 PTC Application, 63-01, FID
Attachments:RTC Letter No 2 4-24-20.pdf; 2019 Operation Plan Rev2 RTC.pdf; Section 310000 Earthwork REV2.pdf;
1895531-FP-09_FILL_SEQUENCING_REV2RTC_sealed.pdf
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Hello Ming, 

I hope you had a productive week and are still well during the pandemic. Please find attached our Response to 
Comments letter (No. 2) addressing your comments on the subject application transmitted by email on April 20, 2020 
(follows below).  

Also attached are the revised Operation Plan, specification and drawing referenced in the letter. Once you are satisfied 
with the revised documents, we will transmit hard copies for insertion into the ring binders previously submitted. 

We look forward to hearing from you and to the expeditious approval of the permit.  

Thank you and best regards, 

Mark 

Mark A. Taylor, PE, MSc 
Senior Consultant 

Golder Associates NC, Inc.            
5B Oak Branch Drive, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA 27407    
T: [phone] | D: [phone] | C: [phone] | golder.com [golder.com]        
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Engineering Lic. No. C-2862/Geology Lic. No. C-399
Golder Associates NC, Inc. is a licensed user of the Golder trademark, and an associated operating entity.                
2

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From: Chao, Ming‐tai <[e-mail]>  
Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 2:38 PM 
To: Taylor, Mark <[e-mail]> 
Cc: Stanley, Sherri <[e-mail]>; David Lambert <[e-mail]>; Randy Gould, PE 
(Moore Co Public Works) <[e-mail]>; Kirkman, Rachel <[e-mail]>; DiFrancesco, 
Ron <[e-mail]>; Powell, David C <[e-mail]>; Drummond, Jaclynne 
<[e-mail]> 
Subject: Comments on the revised Moore County CDLF, Cell 6 PTC Application, 63‐01, FID  

EXTERNAL EMAIL 
Hi Mark:

The Solid Waste Section completes a review of the revised PTC-Cell 6 Application and has few comments
below:

1. (Operation Plan - Section 9.2.1) The Bullet Item 3 describes the approach of dealing with a hot load by
water. This approach is applicable, only if the County can demonstrate how to manage the following
aftermath:
i. Since the water or liquid contacting any waste is considered as leachate, per Rule 15A NCAC
13B .0101(24); in this Section the County must describe how to manage the leachate generated
from this event which includes collection, removal and final treatment or disposal.

ii. The hot load may result from illegal or incidental disposal of an oxidizing waste which may
undergo dangerous reaction with water, such as explosion which is used to put off a fire.
The SWS strongly recommend the County to select other approaches to manage an observed hot load
such as using soil/ earthen material.

2. (CQA Plan – Section 3.2.2 & Technical Section 310000) The requirements stated in Rule 15A NCAC
13B .0540(5) shall be incorporated into the plan or technical specification because the major soil
excavation activities are expected for Cell 6 construction according to the cross-sections on Drawing
DH-5.

3. (Drawing 09, Phase 5 Build Out (0 year)) The base grades inside the constructed Cell 6 are different
from those on Drawings 05 & DH-4.
The County stated the Operation Plan for on-site Yard Waste Facility is not a compost facility and Section Rule
1400 is not applicable to this facility. Based on the narratives stated in the Operation Plan, the SWS determines
that the facility is a treatment and process facility being operated under a new permit No. 6301-TP-2013 with a
5-year permit cycle. The facility is not a sanitary landfill; therefore, the life-of-site permit as defined in NCGS
13A-294(a2) is not applicable. The facility is not a compost facility, the 10-year permit cycle, per Rule 15A
NCAC 13B .1401(c) is not applicable, either. Other recycle or waste recovery units will be incorporated into
the life-of-site permit at this time. When the C&DLF unit is closed in the near future, the recycling or waste
recovery units and the yard waste T&P units, under the assumption that the County intends to continue
operating the units at the landfill property, will be incorporated into a single 5-year permit (maybe call as a post-
closure land use permit) for operation.
3

Please contact me if you have any questions on the above-mentioned comments or permit decision.

Golder Associates NC, Inc. 5B Oak Branch Drive, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA 27407 T: [phone] F: [phone]
Engineering Lic. No. C-2862/Geology Lic. No. C-399
Golder Associates NC, Inc. is a licensed user of the Golder trademark, and an associated operating entity.
Golder and the G logo are trademarks of Golder Associates Corporation. golder.com
April 24, 2020 Project No. 1895531

Ming-Tai Chao, Environmental Engineer
North Carolina Dept. of Environmental Quality
Div. of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section
217 West Jones Street
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
RESPONSE TO COMMENTS #2 - APPLICATION FOR SUBSTANTIAL AMENDMENT TO PERMIT
MOORE COUNTY C&D LANDFILL, PERMIT NO. 63-01-CDLF-1992, ABERDEEN, NORTH CAROLINA
Dear Ming,
This letter is offered in response to your email of April 20, 2020 that provided follow-up comments from your
review of our Response to Comments letter and the revised PTC-Cell 6 Application components dated April 7,
2020. The format below follows and includes your numbered comments (italicized), with subsequent clarifications
and responses following each comment for ease of review.
1. (Operation Plan - Section 9.2.1) The Bullet Item 3 describes the approach of dealing with a hot load by
water. This approach is applicable, only if the County can demonstrate how to manage the following
aftermath:
i. Since the water or liquid contacting any waste is considered as leachate, per Rule 15A NCAC
13B .0101(24); in this Section the County must describe how to manage the leachate generated
from this event which includes collection, removal and final treatment or disposal.
ii. The hot load may result from illegal or incidental disposal of an oxidizing waste which may
undergo dangerous reaction with water, such as explosion which is used to put off a fire.
The SWS strongly recommend the County to select other approaches to manage an observed hot load such
as using soil/ earthen material.
The procedure for managing hot loads entering the landfill in Section 9.2.1 of the Operation Plan has been revised
accordingly. A revised Operation Plan (REV2) is enclosed.
2. (CQA Plan – Section 3.2.2 & Technical Section 310000) The requirements stated in Rule 15A NCAC 13B
.0540(5) shall be incorporated into the plan or technical specification because the major soil excavation
activities are expected for Cell 6 construction according to the cross-sections on Drawing DH-5.
The cited requirements have been added to Paragraph 2.03(A) of the cited technical specification. Revised
specification 310000 EARTHWORK (REV 2) is enclosed.
Ming-Tai Chao, Environmental Engineer Project No. 1895531
North Carolina Dept. of Environmental Quality April 24, 2020

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3. (Drawing 09, Phase 5 Build Out (0 year)) The base grades inside the constructed Cell 6 are different from
those on Drawings 05 & DH-4.
Drawing 09, Phase 5 Build Out (Year 0) has been revised to show the correct base grades. Drawing 09 – Cell 6
Expansion – 5 Year Sequencing (REV2) is enclosed.
We believe we have fully addressed your concerns with sufficient detail to clarify the County’s intentions and
substantiate their commitment to satisfying all requirements of the NC Solid Waste Management Rules. We look
forward to hearing from you and to your prompt approval.
Sincerely,
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Mark Taylor, PE Ron DiFrancesco, PE
Senior Consultant Principal and Practice Leader
MAT/JRD/mat

CC: David Lambert, JD, MPA, Moore County Solid Waste Manager Rachel P. Kirkman, PG, Project Director, Golder Associates NC, Inc. Enclosures: Operation Plan (REV2) (narrative only) Technical Specification 310000 (REV2) Revised Drawing 09 (REV2)
g:\projects\moore county\_current engineering\cell 6 lateral expansion\deliverables\rtc\rtc letter no 2 4-24-20.docx

REPORT
Operation Plan
Moore County Construction and Demolition Landfill
Substantial Amendment to Permit No. 63-01-CDLF-1992
Submitted to:
Moore County Public Works
5227 US Highway 15-501, Carthage, North Carolina, USA, 28327

Submitted by:
Golder Associates NC, Inc.
5B Oak Branch Drive, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA 27407
NC Engineering License No. C-2862
[phone]
1895531
April 23, 2020 (REV2)

April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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Table of Contents

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 FACILITY STAFF AND TRAINING ................................................................................................................ 1
3.0 WASTE ACCEPTANCE AND DISPOSAL ..................................................................................................... 1
4.0 WASTE EXCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................... 2
5.0 WASTE INSPECTION..................................................................................................................................... 3
6.0 COVER MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................... 4
7.0 SPREADING AND COMPACTING REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................. 4
8.0 DISEASE VECTOR CONTROL ...................................................................................................................... 4
9.0 AIR CRITERIA AND FIRE CONTROL ........................................................................................................... 5
9.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................. 5
9.2 Fire Control ........................................................................................................................................... 5
9.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 5
9.2.2 Fire on Landfill Working Face ......................................................................................................... 5
9.2.3 Fire in Landfill Equipment ............................................................................................................... 6
9.2.4 Explosions ....................................................................................................................................... 7
10.0 ACCESS AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 7
11.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................... 8
12.0 DRAINAGE CONTROL AND WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 8
12.1 Operational Controls and Water Quality Monitoring ............................................................................ 8
12.2 Leachate Outbreaks ............................................................................................................................. 8
13.0 OPERATING RECORD AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS .......................................................... 9
14.0 EXCEPTIONAL OPERATIONS .................................................................................................................... 10
15.0 MISCELLANEOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................. 10
15.1 Solid Waste Collection Center ........................................................................................................... 10
15.2 Yard Waste ......................................................................................................................................... 10

April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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APPENDICES
Appendix A – Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Appendix B – Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Appendix C – Waste Screening Inspection Form
Appendix D – Solid Waste Management Facility Fire Occurrence Notification
Appendix E – Yard Waste Treatment and Processing Facility Operations Plan

OPERATION PLAN DRAWINGS
Drawing 02 – Site Development Plan
Drawing 03 – Existing Conditions
Drawing 07 – Proposed Expansion Final Grading and Drainage Plan
Drawing 09 – Cell 6 Expansion 5 Year Fill Sequencing

April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this plan is to identify protocols for the overall operation and maintenance of the active
Construction and Demolition (C&D) Landfill (landfill or facility) which is owned and operated by Moore County
under permit 63-01-CDLF-1992. This plan was prepared in general accordance with Rule 13B .0542 and provides
details of the procedures and policies that shall be implemented throughout the life of the proposed landfill
expansion.
2.0 FACILITY STAFF AND TRAINING
The facility maintains a staff of full- and part-time administrators, operators and support personnel that normally
consists of the following roles and numbers of personnel:
 Solid Waste Director (1)
 Landfill Supervisor (1)
 Weighmaster (2 full-time, 1 part-time)
 Equipment Operator (3 full-time, 1 part-time)
 Truck Driver (2 full-time, 3 part-time)
 Laborer (part-time or inmates, number varies)
The Solid Waste Director will be MOLO-certified by SWANA to comply with NCGS 130A-309.25. Other key landfill
staff will be certified by SWANA as Landfill Operations Specialists. Records of operator training and any issued
certificates will be placed in the operating record.
3.0 WASTE ACCEPTANCE AND DISPOSAL
The facility receives C&D waste only from sources within Moore County. The landfill will accept only those solid
wastes it is permitted to receive. The County will notify the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) – Division of Waste Management (DWM or Division) within 24 hours of the attempted disposal of any
waste the landfill is not permitted to receive, including waste from outside the area the landfill is permitted to
serve. A waste screening plan and waste acceptance plan will be made available to the NCDEQ-DWM upon
request.
All vehicles must stop at the scale house located at the entrance of the facility. All refuse transportation vehicles
are weighed and the contents of the load assessed. The scale attendant requests from the driver of the vehicle
entering the landfill a description of the waste it is carrying to confirm that unacceptable waste is not allowed into
the landfill. The attendant then visually checks the vehicle as it crosses the scale.
The landfill will accept C&D solid waste as defined by NC solid waste management rules. C&D solid waste is
“solid waste generated solely from the construction, remodeling, repair, or demolition operations on pavement and
buildings or structures. C&D waste does not include municipal and industrial wastes that may be generated by the
on-going operations at buildings or structures”. The C&D waste is disposed on the working face of the landfill,
compacted, and covered with soil at least weekly.
Landfilling will continue in Phase 5, which consists of a vertical expansion above all prior phases, until
commencing waste disposal in Cell 6 (see Site Development Plan, Drawing 02 and Existing Conditions, Drawing
April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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03). Landfilling in Cell 6 will proceed in roughly 10-foot thick lifts over the entire cell footprint in a sequence similar
to building a pyramid (see Cell 6 Expansion 5 Year Fill Sequencing, Drawing 09) until all phases are complete and
the landfill reaches capacity (see Proposed Expansion Final Grading and Drainage Plan, Drawing 07).
4.0 WASTE EXCLUSIONS
The following wastes are prohibited and will not be disposed of in the C&D landfill unit:
1) Containers such as tubes, drums, barrels, tanks, cans, and bottles unless they are empty and perforated to
ensure that no liquid, hazardous or municipal solid waste is contained therein;
2) Garbage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(7);
3) Hazardous waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(8), to also include hazardous waste from conditionally
exempt small quantity generators;
4) Industrial solid waste unless a demonstration has been made and approved by the NCDEQ-DWM that the
landfill meets the requirements of Rule .0503(2)(d)(ii)(A);
5) Liquid wastes;
6) Asbestos waste;
7) Medical waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(18);
8) Municipal solid waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(18a);
9) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761;
10) Radioactive waste as defined in G.S. 104E-5(14);
11) Septage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(32);
12) Sludge as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(34). Wastewater treatment sludge may be accepted by rule, with the
prior approval of the NCDEQ-DWM, for utilization as a soil conditioner and incorporated into, or applied onto,
the vegetative growth layer. The wastewater treatment sludge may not be applied at greater than agronomic
rates or to a depth greater than six inches;
13) Special wastes as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(40);
14) White goods as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(44); and
15) Yard trash as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(45).
The following wastes will not be received if separate from C&D waste:
1) Lamps or bulbs including but not limited to halogen, LED, incandescent, neon or fluorescent;
2) Lighting ballast or fixtures;
3) thermostats and light switches;
4) Batteries including but not limited to those from exit and emergency lights and smoke detectors;
April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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5) Lead pipes;
6) Lead roof flashing;
7) Transformers;
8) Capacitors; and
9) Copper chrome arsenate (CCA) and creosote treated woods.
Waste accepted for disposal in the C&D landfill unit must be readily identifiable as C&D waste and must not have
been shredded, pulverized, or processed to such an extent that the composition of the original waste cannot be
readily ascertained. However, C&D waste that has been shredded, pulverized or otherwise processed may be
accepted for disposal from a facility that has received a permit from an authorized regulatory authority which
specifies such activities are inspected by the authority and whose primary purpose is recycling and reuse of the
C&D material.
A container will be located near the working face to collect and remove banned and/or recyclable items. Moore
County, or its employees, will not knowingly dispose any type or form of C&D waste that is generated within the
boundaries of a unit of local government that, by ordinance:
1) Prohibits generators or collectors of C&D waste from disposing that type or form of C&D waste, or
2) Requires generators or collectors of C&D waste to recycle that type or form of C&D waste.
5.0 WASTE INSPECTION
In order to assure that prohibited wastes are not entering the landfill facility, a screening program will be
implemented. Wastes shall be screened visually at both the scale house entrance and the working face by trained
personnel. Screening for visual and olfactory characteristics of prohibited wastes is an ongoing part of the landfill
operation.
Approximately one (1) percent of all waste trucks bound for the C&D landfill will be selected for a more thorough
screening. Selected vehicles will be directed to an area of intermediate cover adjacent to the working face where
the vehicle will be unloaded. The waste will be inspected for municipal solid waste (MSW), liquid waste,
hazardous waste, PCB waste, and other banned items. Waste is carefully spread using suitable equipment. An
attendant trained to identify wastes that are unacceptable inspects the waste discharged at the screening site.
If unacceptable waste is found, the load will be isolated and secured by constructing a berm around the area. For
regulated hazardous or PCB wastes, the Solid Waste Division Manager will notify officials of the NC DEQ,
Division of Waste Management. The hauler is responsible for removing unacceptable waste from the landfill
property. If no unacceptable waste is found, the load will be pushed to the working face and incorporated with the
daily waste.
For each vehicle screened, a random waste screening inspection form will be filled out and will be kept on-site.
The County’s current “random load check” inspection form is included in Appendix C. The inspection form will
include the following information:
 Date and times wastes were received for inspection;
 Source and type of wastes;
April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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 Vehicle and driver identification;
 All observations made by the inspector; and
 Final disposition of waste after inspection.
Records of information gathered as part of the waste screening program will be maintained at the landfill during
the active life of the C&D unit and as long as required by the County and the Division.
6.0 COVER MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Cover will be placed on solid waste using six (6) inches of earthen material or an approved alternate cover
material (ACM) when the waste disposal area exceeds one-half (1/2) acre and at least once weekly. Cover will be
placed at more frequent intervals if necessary, to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and
scavenging. A notation of the date and time of the cover placement will be recorded in the operating record.
The facility may choose at any time to use an approved ACM in the manner prescribed in the NCDEQ-DWM
guidance document titled Approved Alternative Daily Cover Materials for Use at Sanitary Landfills and dated July
21, 2017. One approved ACM currently in use is a soil/mulch mixture (S&M) using mulch from on-site yard waste
treatment and processing. The S&M mixture is used at ratios from 80% soil to 20% mulch up to 50% soil to 50%
mulch by volume and to the full depth of six inches. S&M mixture will not be used for intermediate cover.
Areas which will not have additional wastes placed on them for three months or more, but where final termination
of disposal operations has not occurred, will receive at least 6 inches of intermediate cover soil and be stabilized
with vegetative ground cover or other stabilizing material.
The County may opt to use of alternative materials or an alternative thickness of cover from the NCDEQ-DWM by
demonstrating that the alternative material or thickness controls disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and
scavenging without presenting a threat to human health and the environment.
7.0 SPREADING AND COMPACTING REQUIREMENTS
Incoming waste will be confined to the smallest working face feasible. Compaction using a landfill compactor will
occur on a regular basis to densify the waste as much as practical. Appropriate control devices such as berms,
fences, and cover material will be used as needed to minimize windblown litter. At the conclusion of each
operating day, windblown material will be collected and disposed in the active landfill cell.
8.0 DISEASE VECTOR CONTROL
The County will prevent or control on-site populations of disease vectors using techniques appropriate for the
protection of human health and the environment. For the purposes of this item, "disease vectors" means any
rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other animals or insects capable of transmitting disease to humans. Vectors are
generally attracted by opportunities for food and shelter. C&D waste is not a food source for most if any vectors.
Vectors seeking shelter in the waste mass can be discouraged by covering the waste and proper grading to
prevent ponding of water. If vectors become a problem, a licensed exterminator or other legal means of control
shall be implemented.
April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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9.0 AIR CRITERIA AND FIRE CONTROL
9.1 Air Quality
The County will ensure that the disposal area does not violate any applicable requirements developed under a
State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved or promulgated by the U.S. EPA Administrator pursuant to Section 110
of the Clean Air Act, as amended.
9.2 Fire Control
9.2.1 General
The following protocols will be utilized for fire control at the facility:
 Smoking will be confined to designated areas only, away from active areas of the landfill, fueling stations,
methane vents, and other fire sensitive areas.
 Open burning of solid waste, except for the approved burning of land clearing debris generated on-site or
debris from emergency clean-up operations is prohibited. In those cases, and prior to any burning, a request
must be sent to NCDEQ-DWM for review and approval. In addition, the Division of Air Quality and local fire
department must approve the activity prior to burning. A notation of the date of approval and the name of the
NCDEQ-DWM personnel who approved the burning will be included in the operating record. Fires that
develop spontaneously at the C&D unit working face will be extinguished by covering the burning area with
soil.
 Hot loads (smoking, steaming, smoldering or burning) will be isolated for further action. If vehicles
approaching the scale house are observed to have signs of a hot load, they will be inspected before being
allowed to enter the facility. If burning or hot contents are confirmed, the load will be rejected, or the vehicle
will be directed to a designated staging area near the entrance for further observation. If vehicles inside the
facility but not yet at the working face, or at the working face, are observed to have signs of a hot load, they
will be stopped and directed to an open graveled or bare ground area well away from and downwind of the
working face. There the load can either be extinguished with a dry chemical or CO2 extinguisher and the
vehicle held for further observation, or the load can be dumped and covered with soil for later disposal.
Water should not be sprayed or otherwise applied to the load. Only when actual or suspected hot loads are
confirmed to be extinguished and “cold” will they be disposed in the active working face.
 Equipment will be provided to control accidental fires and arrangements will be made with the local fire
protection agency to immediately provide fire-fighting services when needed.
 Fires and explosions that occur at the landfill require verbal notice to the NCDEQ-DWM within 24 hours and
written notification within 15 days. Written notification must include the suspected cause of the fire or
explosion, the response taken to manage the incident, and the action(s) to be taken to prevent the future
occurrence of fire or explosion. The standard NCDEQ-DWM form titled Solid Waste Management Facility
Fire Occurrence Notification (Revised 6/15/2016) will be used and is included in Appendix D.
9.2.2 Fire on Landfill Working Face
The following actions will be taken if a fire develops at the working face.
1) Notify the supervisor of the existence of the fire.
April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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2) If the supervisor determines the fire is controllable, follow his/her instructions. Heavy equipment should be
used to push burning waste away from the working face and then cover it with soil until the fire is
extinguished.
3) If the supervisor determines the fire to be uncontrollable, evacuate the area immediately using
predetermined evacuation paths.
4) The supervisor shall notify the scale attendant via two-way radio or cell phone that a fire has developed on
the C&D unit and provide the status of the fire. If it is determined that the fire is uncontrollable, advise the
scale attendant to call 911 for fire and rescue. If the fire is deemed to be controllable, inform the scale
attendant of steps to be taken until the fire is extinguished. The scale attendant will not allow additional
vehicles to enter the facility until the fire has been extinguished. The scale attendant will direct emergency
vehicles to the location of the fire.
5) The supervisor and landfill employees will assist fire and rescue personnel as directed by the senior fire
officer.
6) The supervisor will ensure that all landfill emergency equipment is prepared for reuse before resuming
normal operations.
9.2.3 Fire in Landfill Equipment
The main goal in controlling a fire involving landfill equipment is for the equipment operator to evacuate to safety.
The following steps should be followed in case of a fire involving landfill equipment.
1) Evacuate the equipment immediately upon discovery of a fire.
2) Inform the supervisor of the exact location of the fire, the equipment involved, and whether any individuals
remain in the equipment.
3) Follow the supervisor's instructions to control the fire and to allow rescue of injured individuals remaining in
the equipment.
4) The supervisor shall notify the scale attendant via two-way radio of the existence of the fire involving
equipment and if any personnel are injured and/or remain in the equipment. The scale attendant will call 911
for fire and rescue if needed and will dispatch a vehicle to the landfill entrance to escort emergency vehicles
to the location of the fire. The scale attendant will not allow additional vehicles to enter the facility until the
fire is extinguished.
5) If the supervisor deems the fire to be controllable and no injuries have occurred to personnel, the fire will be
extinguished by appropriate measures (i.e., fire extinguisher).
If the supervisor determines assistance from local fire and rescue will be required, efforts to mitigate damages and
control the fire to prevent spreading will be taken until the fire and rescue teams arrive. These measures include:
 performing first aid on injured personnel
 dousing burning equipment with fire retardant or water
 moving other equipment from the vicinity of burning equipment
 directing vehicles currently unloading waste away from the disposal area
April 23, 2020 (REV2) 1895531

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9.2.4 Explosions
In the event of an explosion at the C&D unit, the following procedures should be followed:
1) Evacuate to a safe area.
2) Assist in rescue of injured personnel.
3) The supervisor will notify the scale attendant of the occurrence of an explosion and the results of such
explosion (fire, injured personnel, malfunctioning equipment, etc.). The scale attendant will call 911 for fire
and rescue if needed and will dispatch a vehicle to the landfill entrance to escort emergency vehicles to the
location of the explosion. The scale attendant will not allow additional vehicles to enter the facility.
4) Fires that occur as a result of the explosion will be responded to as outlined above.
5) The supervisor and landfill employees will assist fire and rescue personnel as directed by the senior fire
officer.
6) The supervisor will ensure that all emergency equipment is prepared for reuse before resuming normal
operations.
7) The supervisor will alert the scale attendant when the situation is under control and when normal operations
can resume.
8) The supervisor will prepare a written report of the incident and submit it to the Solid Waste Manager within
three (3) working days.
10.0 ACCESS AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Entry to the site will be limited to landfill personnel, approved contractors, approved waste haulers, visitors, and
other properly identified persons whose entry is authorized by the site management. The County reserves the
right to restrict access to the site. Visitors may be allowed near the active area only when accompanied by a site
representative.
1) The landfill will be adequately secured by means of gates, chains, berms, fences and other security
measures approved by the NCDEQ-DWM to prevent unauthorized entry. The landfill entrance is protected
by a 6-foot chain link fence with triple strands of barbed wire to prevent unauthorized entry into the site.
Areas currently not protected by fencing are inaccessible by motor vehicle due to steep slopes, berms, water
barriers, trees, etc. The disposal areas will be surrounded on all sides by natural barriers, fencing, or an
equivalent means of controlling vehicular access and preventing illegal disposal. Gates will limit access, and
such gates will be securable and equipped with locks.
2) In accordance with G.S. 130A-309.25, an individual trained in landfill operations must be on duty at the site
while the facility is open for public use and at all times during active waste management operations to ensure
compliance with operational requirements.
3) The access road to the site and access roads to monitoring locations and the working face will be of all-
weather construction and maintained in good condition.
4) Dust will be controlled on the access roads by applying water on an as-needed basis.
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5) An entrance sign will be posted stating the facility’s name, permit number, and operating hours, as well as
wastes excluded from the facility, such as liquid, hazardous and municipal solid waste. Additional signs will
be posted for allowable speed limit and to promote an orderly traffic pattern to and from the discharge area,
and to maintain efficient operating conditions.
6) The removal of solid waste from the landfill is prohibited unless it is consistent with a recycling program that
has been approved by NCDEQ-DWM. The general public is prohibited from removing any solid wastes or
from scavenging on the working face.
11.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
Adequate sediment control measures consisting of vegetative cover, materials, structures or devices will be
utilized to prevent sediment from leaving the facility.
An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan has been approved by the NCDEQ Division of Land Resources, Land
Quality Section (“Letter of Approval” dated November 25, 2009). The plan will be adhered to and measures
maintained in good working order.
12.0 DRAINAGE CONTROL AND WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
12.1 Operational Controls and Water Quality Monitoring
The following operational controls are considered part of normal landfill operations:
1) Surface water is diverted from the operational area;
2) Surface water is not impounded over or in waste; and
3) Solid waste is not disposed of in water.
Perimeter drainage channels are located at the toe of the landfill to direct surface runoff to three sediment basins
that discharge through engineered outlet structures to natural outfalls and tributaries to Horse Creek.
The goal is to prevent the discharge of pollutants into Waters of the United States, including wetlands, that would
violate any requirements of the Clean Water Act, including NPDES requirements. The County monitors surface
water discharges from the facility under General Permit No. NCG120000, Certificate of Coverage No.
NCG120084.
As described in the approved Water Quality Monitoring Plan, the landfill has a comprehensive surface and
groundwater monitoring program to provide early detection of any leachate migration problems. In the event any
constituents are detected above the allowable limits, measures will be taken to assess the extent of
contamination. If necessary, corrective actions will be taken to prevent pollution of waters or wetlands.
12.2 Leachate Outbreaks
Occasionally leachate seeps occur on temporary or exterior slopes with intermediate cover, usually soon after
intense or prolonged rain events. These breakouts are believed to be due to lateral movement of locally perched
leachate that forms above layers of low-permeability operational cover soil near exterior slopes.
Weekly inspections for leachate outbreaks will be conducted as part of regular inspections for needed landfill
maintenance, and unscheduled inspections will be conducted after intense or prolonged rain events. When
significant or persistent outbreaks are observed, the normal response will be to excavate into the slope at the site
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of the outbreak and remove the restrictive soil or waste material that is causing leachate to collect and disrupting
normal percolation and absorption inside the landfill. Significant or persistent leachate outbreaks requiring
intervention will be recorded in the operating record.
Should leachate leave the landfill perimeter or other containment and reach surface waters, constituting a
“release”, the procedures outlined in the NCDEQ-DWM guidance document for leachate release sampling and
investigation will be followed (Leachate Release Sampling & Analysis Guidelines for MSW Landfills, January 31,
2020).
13.0 OPERATING RECORD AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS
The Operating Record will include records of facility inspections, waste receipts, waste inspections, customer
accounts, recyclables processed, pass-through waste quantities and vendors, environmental and safety incidents,
and employee training and will be kept at the facility and made available to NCDEQ-DWM upon request within a
reasonable period of time.
Permit documents, groundwater, surface water and landfill gas monitoring reports and analytical data, engineering
reports, construction documents, cost estimates, and financial assurance documentation will be kept in the office
of the Solid Waste Manager. Such information will be made available to NCDEQ-DWM upon request within a
reasonable period of time.
This Operation Plan will be kept at the facility and at the office of the County Public Works Director. All information
contained in the Operating Record will be furnished to NCDEQ-DWM according to the permit or upon request, or
will be made available for inspection by NCDEQ-DWM at the facility.
As required by Rule .0542, the Operating Record will include the following information:
1) Records of random waste inspections, monitoring results, certifications of training, and training procedures
(Rule .0544);
2) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the facility to include, consistent with G.S. 130A-309.09D,
county of generation;
3) Any demonstration, certification, finding, monitoring, testing, or analytical data (Rules .0544 through .0545);
4) Any closure or post-closure monitoring, testing, or analytical data (Rule .0543);
5) Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation (Rule .0546);
6) Notation of date and time of placement of cover material;
7) Open burning permits or approval documents and copies of facility fire occurrence notifications provided to
NCDEQ-DWM;
8) Documentation of significant or persistent leachate outbreaks requiring intervention, and follow-up
investigation and/or correction plans/reports for leachate releases;
9) All audit records, compliance records and inspection reports;
10) A copy of the approved Operation Plan (Rule .0542) and the Engineering Plan (Rule .0539);
11) A copy of the current Permit to Construct and Permit to Operate; and
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12) The Monitoring Plans (Rule .0544), included as Appendices A and B to this plan.
14.0 EXCEPTIONAL OPERATIONS
In the event of a force majeure (major equipment breakdown, major fire, explosion, hazardous spill, natural
disaster, extended power outage, disruption in public infrastructure, mandated curfew, or other atypical event that
dramatically affects the normal operation of the landfill, the Solid Waste Manager, with the assistance of others,
will develop and implement an event-specific contingency operation plan. If the contingency plan requires the
redirection or suspension of landfill service, the public and NCDEQ-DWM will be notified within 24 hours.
If the contingency plan does not require the redirection or suspension of landfill service, the Solid Waste Manager
will be responsible for providing the personnel and equipment necessary to handle exceptional operation events
in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Permit to Operate.
15.0 MISCELLANEOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
15.1 Solid Waste Collection Center
A manned solid waste collection center is located near the entrance of the landfill for receipt of approved solid
wastes not to be disposed on site. The public convenience area is approximately a half-acre in size and accepts
aluminum cans, household trash, newspapers, magazines, scrap metal, mixed paper, plastic (#1-7), cardboard,
and electronic wastes. Separate areas near the entrance are maintained for scrap tires (up to 5 at no charge),
appliances (white goods), and glass. The County provides enclosed trailers and open top containers with
identifying signs for each of the acceptable materials. Space is maintained between containers for facilitating
inspection and firefighting.
Users of the collection center do not cross the scales but must enter and exit through the main landfill gate. The
operating hours are Monday through Saturday from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. The site is closed on the following four
holidays: New Year’s Day, Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
When a container is full, it is removed from the collection center by Moore County staff. Household trash (MSW) is
relocated to the on-site MSW transfer station for disposal, which is operated by Republic Services of NC, LLC
(Permit # 63-02T). Recyclables, scrap tires, white goods, glass, and electronic wastes (collectively “pass-through
waste”) are managed in designated locations on site and transferred off site periodically by vendors under
contract to the County.
Refer to the Site Development Plan, Drawing 02, for the locations of the public convenience area, the MSW
transfer station, and the various pass-through waste management areas on site.
15.2 Yard Waste
Two (2) yard waste staging and/or treatment and processing areas are located on site (see Site Development
Plan, Drawing 02). The facility stores and/or stockpiles unprocessed vegetation and ground materials in the
designated areas, but they are not distributed to the public or composted by the County. The materials are
transported under contract to permitted compost facilities and wood waste burners (boiler fuel), or used on site as
a soil amendment and/or landfill cover supplement. Refer to the newly revised Yard Waste Treatment and
Processing Facility Operations Plan, included in Appendix E, for more details.

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SECTION 310000 EARTHWORK (REVISION 2) PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 Work Included A. The work under this section includes the furnishing of all labor, equipment, and materials, and completing all operations in connection with excavating, backfilling, compacting, grading, and placing soil materials and all other incidental work necessary for construction
according to the Construction Drawings and Technical Specifications. B. The CONTRACTOR shall comply with applicable codes, ordinances, rules, regulations and laws of local, municipal, state, or federal authorities having jurisdiction. C. The CONTRACTOR shall locate all existing active and abandoned utilities and structures in
work areas prior to commencing any excavation activities and shall protect from damage those utilities and structures which are to remain in place D. Grading tolerance for the landfill base grade shall be -0.0 to +0.2 feet. Grading tolerance
for all fill and backfill shall be ±0.1 feet. Protective cover soil and vegetative support layer thickness tolerances shall be -0.0 to +0.2 feet.
E. Definitions 1. Excavation shall mean the removal from place of all materials and shall include soil;
facilities; structures above and below ground; rock; pavements; topsoil; boggy waste; rubbish; tree stumps; boulders; logs; ashes; cinders; organic material such as peat,
humus, or organic silt; softened or disturbed soils; or other unsuitable bearing materials determined in the field by the ENGINEER.
2. Mucking or mucking-out shall mean excavation, as defined herein before, without
prior dewatering.
1.02 References A. Construction Quality Assurance Plan B. Latest Version of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards: 1. D6913 Standard Test Methods for Particle Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis 2. D698 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Compaction Effort 3. D2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) 4. D8167/D8167M-18a Standard Test Method for In-Place Bulk Density of Soil and
Soil-Aggregate by a Low Activity Nuclear Method (Shallow Depth) 5. D6938-17a Standard Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
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6. D2937-17e2 Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method 7. D2216-19 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
8. D4959-16 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Soil by Direct Heating 9. D422 Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils
10. D3080 Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions 11. D4318 Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index
of Soils
12. D5321 Determining the Coefficient of Soil and Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Interface Friction by the Direct Shear Method 13. D4767 Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression
Test for Cohesive Soils
14. D2166 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
1.03 Submittals A. Borrow Sources
1. All backfill and fill materials, unless otherwise specified, shall consist of suitable, selected, and approved (by the OWNER) soil from borrow areas. 2. The CONTRACTOR shall provide the OWNER or ENGINEER samples from each borrow source to be used as fill. From each borrow source, representative
composite sample(s) shall be tested for the following, at a minimum depending on proposed uses: a. USCS Soil Classification (ASTM D2487, including Grain Size Analysis -
ASTM D422 (or D6913) and Atterberg Limits - ASTM D4318); two per source or material type b. Compaction Testing (Standard Proctor) (ASTM D698); two per source or material type
3. If the OWNER or ENGINEER determines that the source contains more than one soil type, as determined by the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), the tests listed shall be completed for each soil type.
4. Soils from borrow sources with potential exposure to contamination (such as petroleum or TCLP metals) may be subject to environmental testing at the
discretion of the OWNER.
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B. Shoring and Bracing 1. In cases where the excavation cannot be open cut to a safe working angle in accordance with applicable requirements or where excavation may jeopardize adjacent site areas or the stability of nearby structures or facilities, the CONTRACTOR shall submit drawings, computations and substantiating data,
prepared, signed, and sealed by a Professional Engineer licensed in the State of North Carolina, showing his proposed shoring and bracing design and method of construction for the information of the OWNER prior to the start of such construction. 2. Shoring and bracing systems shall be designed such that removal shall not jeopardize work already performed. Shoring and bracing systems shall not remain permanently
in place without the written approval of the OWNER. 3. Any review or comments by the OWNER shall not relieve the CONTRACTOR of his responsibility for sheeting and bracing.
4. In trenches, the sheeting shall be designed so that the lowest brace is no closer than
12 inches above the base of the structure to be installed. C. The CONTRACTOR shall submit the technical data sheet for the proposed compaction equipment to the OWNER or ENGINEER for review and approval.
D. Employ a professional land surveyor licensed in North Carolina to conduct an as-built
topographic survey of the subbase, top of the bottom liner, and protective cover subgrades, as appropriate, and prepare a survey drawing showing contours at maximum two-foot
intervals. Furnish the ENGINEER with three (3) copies of the topographic survey drawings. These drawings shall become part of the record drawings required by this contract.
1.04 Prequalifications
A. The CONTRACTOR shall be an experienced earthwork CONTRACTOR who has at least five years of experience. The CONTRACTOR shall have completed at least three projects with the same material and of similar scope as that indicated for this project with a successful installation and maintenance record of in-service performance.
B. The CONTRACTOR is required to demonstrate compliance to the above requirements to the satisfaction of the ENGINEER and OWNER. 1.05 Quality Assurance Program A. CONTRACTOR shall participate in and conform to the items and requirements of the quality assurance program as outlined in this Specification and the Construction Quality Assurance Plan. B. The OWNER will engage and pay for the services of a CQA Consultant and testing laboratory to monitor the earthworks operations and complete conformance testing. 1.06 Protection of People and Property A. The CONTRACTOR shall plan and conduct operations in accordance with OSHA and local codes and ordinances so as to prevent damage to existing structures, safeguard people and property, minimize traffic inconvenience, protect the structures to be installed, and provide safe working conditions.
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B. The CONTRACTOR shall control stormwater such that run-on and run-off do not affect the quality of receiving wetlands, brooks, streams, or rivers. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for cleaning (removal of silt) sedimentation and stormwater structures (swales, culverts, basins) as needed during construction, after stabilization of project areas, and at the conclusion of work prior to demobilization.
C. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for protecting existing environmental monitoring devices such as groundwater monitoring wells within the limits of work. Any damage to existing environmental monitoring devices resulting from construction activities shall be the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to correct at no additional cost to the OWNER. D. Excavations, except as specified, shall be adequately shored and braced. Where the
installation of shoring is impractical or might cause damage, as a result of, but not limited to, vibration, settlement, or lateral movement, the CONTRACTOR shall utilize other methods. E. CONTRACTOR shall be solely responsible for proper excavation procedures including, but
not limited to, safe slope angles and the design and use of properly designed and installed shoring and bracing systems in accordance with OSHA and other applicable standards and
requirements. As required, shoring and bracing shall be designed by the CONTRACTOR's engineer who is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of North Carolina. Remove all shoring and bracing without disturbing backfill, bedding, haunching, pipes, or structures. The presence of the ENGINEER shall not relieve the CONTRACTOR of his responsibility to
properly design, install, and maintain shoring and bracing. The OWNER shall not be the competent person on the Site.
F. In cases where excavation without shoring and bracing is not permissible solely because of
protection of workers, trench boxes may be used.
G. The CONTRACTOR shall not stockpile any excavated material without OWNER approval. Stockpile location shall be approved by the ENGINEER or OWNER.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS 2.01 General A. No frozen earth shall be used for fill or backfill, and no fill or backfill shall be placed over frozen
surfaces. All fill and backfill materials shall be free from perishable and objectionable (as described below) materials. All fill shall be protected from frost if the ENGINEER judges frost will prevent the material from performing as required. B. All required fill materials shall be free from objectionable materials which may be compressible, or which cannot be properly compacted. It shall not contain rock fragments, broken concrete, masonry rubble, or other similar materials. It shall have physical properties such that it can be readily spread and compacted to the specified density. Snow, ice, and frozen soil shall be removed from fill material prior to placement.
C. Compact fill material to a minimum percentage of the maximum dry density as determined by a Standard Proctor Compaction Test (ASTM D698) as shown in the table below. Do not compact frozen fill material or onto frozen surfaces. Compacted fill material in place that does not meet the density requirements shall be removed, reworked and recompacted to meet or exceed density objectives.

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Material Type / Use Compaction Requirement Moisture Content
Structural Fill (General) 95% -3% to +3%
Structural Fill (Road Subgrade) 98% -2% to +2%
Structural Fill (Embankments) 95% -3% to +3% Structural Fill (Foundations) 95% -3% to +3%
Trench Backfill & Stockpile 90% -4% to +4%
Landfill Base Grade (modified) 95% -2% to +2%
Final Cover Low Permeability Soil TBD TBD
Vegetative Support Soil TBD TBD

2.02 Structural Fill Materials A. Structural fill materials shall be used as general fill, clean backfill, pipe bedding, and as other material as shown on the Construction Drawings. B. Structural fill materials shall be classified according to the USCS as GM, GC, SM, SC, ML,
or CL (ASTM D2487). C. Structural fill shall be free of rubble, wood, stumps, brush, metal, cinders, trash, demolition debris, garbage, topsoil, organic soil, loam, sludge, and other deleterious materials. The maximum stone size shall be two inches in any dimension and shall not comprise more than five percent of the total soil mass.
D. Structural fill shall be approved by the ENGINEER for each application. 2.03 Subgrade Materials A. Landfill Base Grade
1. The landfill base grade shall consist of the top 24 inches of earth materials (in-situ or modified) present at the grades established on the design drawings. 2. Base grade materials shall consist of in-situ soils having a Unified Soil Classification of SC, SM, ML, CL, MH, or CH, or shall be replaced with same and compacted to a
minimum of 95% of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698 (Standard Proctor). 3. The finished subgrade shall be free of rubble, wood, stumps, brush, standing water,
metal, cinders, trash, demolition debris, garbage, topsoil, organic soil, loam, sludge, and other deleterious materials. 4. The base grade surface shall be rolled with a smooth-drum compactor of sufficient weight to remove most wheel ruts, footprints, or other abrupt grade changes prior to the as-built topographic survey to confirm conformance with design base grades.
5. The finished subgrade shall be inspected by a qualified geologist or engineer provided by the OWNER when excavation is completed, and compliance with these specifications shall be documented by the inspector. If not in compliance, the
subgrade shall be reworked until any deficiencies have been corrected, including replacement of unsuitable soils as noted in sub-item A.2 above. The CONTRACTOR
shall provide the OWNER at least 48 hours’ notice of readiness for inspection so that the inspector can be scheduled and the OWNER can notify the NC Division of Waste Management's hydrogeologist at least 24 hours before the subgrade inspection.
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B. Final Cover Subgrade (Soil Cap Option) 1. The final cover subgrade (cap subgrade) shall consist of the top six (6) inches of material comprising intermediate cover in completed landfill cells.
2. Final cover subgrade materials shall consist of soils having a USCS classification of SC, SM, ML, CL, MH, or CH, and shall be compacted to a minimum of 95% of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698 (Standard Proctor). 3. Final cover subgrade shall be free of rubble, wood, stumps, brush, standing water, metal, cinders, trash, demolition debris, garbage, topsoil, organic soil, loam,
sludge, and other deleterious materials. 4. The final cover subgrade surface shall be rolled with a smooth-drum compactor of sufficient weight to remove most wheel ruts, footprints, or other abrupt grade
changes prior to the topographic survey to establish initial grades for comparison to subsequent layer surveys to determine conformance with design cap layer
thicknesses. C. Final Cover Subgrade (Geosynthetic Cap Option)
1. The final cover subgrade (cap subgrade) shall consist of the top six inches of material underlying a geomembrane liner.
2. Final cover subgrade materials shall consist of soils having a USCS classification of
SC, SM, ML, CL, MH, or CH, and shall be compacted to a minimum of 95% of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698 (Standard Proctor).
3. Final cover subgrade shall be free of rubble, wood, stumps, brush, standing water,
metal, cinders, trash, demolition debris, garbage, topsoil, organic soil, loam, sludge, and other deleterious materials. The maximum stone size shall be 1/2
inches in any dimension (unless otherwise approved by ENGINEER).
4. The interface friction angle between the final cover subgrade and the overlying
geosynthetics shall be greater than or equal to 25.8° as determined by ASTM D5321 or as required by the ENGINEER. a. Each direct shear test shall determine interface strength at normal stresses of 100 pounds per square foot (psf), 300 psf, and 500 psf. Tests shall be completed under fully saturated conditions (saturation time of 15 minutes), have a seat time of 15 minutes, and have a shear rate of 0.04 inches per minute (in/min). b. The direct shear test shall be completed using installation procedures used under actual field conditions. c. Additional samples shall be collected and tested if the material does not meet the minimum requirements of this Technical Specification. 5. The final cover subgrade surface shall be rolled with a smooth-drum compactor of sufficient weight to remove most wheel ruts, footprints, or other abrupt grade changes. Minor irregularities on the surface are acceptable as long as protrusions, rocks, etc. extending more than 1/2-inch from the subgrade are removed, crushed, or pushed into the surface with the smooth-drum compactor.
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2.04 Final Cover Low Permeability Soil (Soil Cap Option) A. The final cover low permeability layer shall consist of at least 18 inches of pre-approved soil placed over the final cover subgrade. B. Final cover low permeability soil shall consist of soil materials having a USCS classification of
ML, CL, or MH and shall be compacted to a moisture content and density within a specified window relative to optimum moisture content and maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698 (Standard Proctor). The window (acceptable moisture and density ranges) will be set forth in the construction specification after permeability testing of the approved low permeability soil. The window will be established from moisture-density data correlating to compacted permeabilities less than or equal to 1x10-5 cm/sec.
C. The measured cohesion for the low permeability soil in a remolded (compacted) condition must meet or exceed 45 lb/sf, which is equivalent to a minimum unconfined compressive strength of 90 lb/sf, as determined by ASTM D2166. Alternatively, the minimum required angle of internal friction of the low permeability soil in a remolded (compacted) condition is 25 degrees, as determined by ASTM D4767. The minimum strength criteria will
establish the acceptable compaction criteria for the low permeability soil layer along with the permeability criterion designated above. D. Remediated contaminated soil shall not be permitted as low permeability layer material. 2.05 Final Cover Vegetative Support Soils (Topsoil)
A. The vegetative support layer materials shall consist of the minimum six (6) inches of vegetation-supporting soil placed directly over the protective cover soils. The vegetative support layer soils shall be compacted to the minimum acceptable value determined in Item C below to facilitate root penetration for plant growth.
B. Vegetative Support Layer shall be free of rubble, wood, stumps, brush, metal, cinders, trash, demolition debris, garbage, loam, sludge, and other deleterious materials. The maximum stone size shall be 1 inch in any dimension (unless otherwise approved by ENGINEER). C. The measured cohesion for the vegetative support soil in a remolded (compacted) condition must meet or exceed 45 lb/sf, which is equivalent to a minimum unconfined compressive
strength of 90 lb/sf, as determined by ASTM D2166. Alternatively, the minimum required angle of internal friction of the vegetative support soil in a remolded (compacted) condition is 25 degrees, as determined by ASTM D4767. The minimum strength criteria will establish the acceptable compaction criteria for the vegetative support soil layer.
D. Remediated contaminated soil shall not be permitted as vegetative support layer material. PART 3 – EXECUTION 3.01 General A. Construct project features to the lines and grades shown on the Construction Drawings. B. Excavation 1. Excavation shall be performed, at a minimum, to the lines and grades indicated on the Construction Drawings. Additional excavation shall only be performed to achieve a stable working base or to "bridge" over weak subgrade materials if approved by the ENGINEER. The limits of additional excavation shall be determined by the OWNER and ENGINEER.
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2. For the purposes of identifying, verifying, measuring and paying for bedrock or ledge rock (“rock”) removal, non-rippable rock shall be defined as material occurring in open excavations that cannot be dislodged using a CAT D-8 or equivalent size dozer equipped with a single-tooth ripper and making 3 or more passes in orthogonal directions and producing less than 0.5 cubic yard of loosened
rock. 3. Excavated materials shall be transported to stockpile or placement locations, as indicated on the Construction Drawings or as directed by the OWNER. C. Grading/Fill
1. Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes, to the lines and grades indicated on the Construction Drawings. Provide a smooth transition between existing grades and new grades.
2. Prepare areas to receive fill by grading the area to a uniform surface. Scarify the
surface as directed by the CQA Consultant or ENGINEER. Dry or wet the area to establish acceptable moisture content. Do not place fill until the subgrade has been approved by the CQA Consultant.
3. Unless otherwise specified, place fill and trench backfill material in lifts of not more than nine inches in compacted depth for material compacted by heavy construction
equipment, and not more than four inches in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers. Compact fill and trench backfill material as specified in
Section 2.01. 3.02 Preparation
A. The CONTRACTOR shall establish and identify required lines and levels. B. The CONTRACTOR shall maintain benchmarks, monuments, and other reference points and reestablish them if disturbed or destroyed, at no cost to OWNER. C. Before commencing grading, the CONTRACTOR shall establish the location and extent of
utilities in the work areas. The CONTRACTOR shall notify utilities to remove and relocate lines that are in the way of construction and are not to be relocated as a part of the work covered by these Technical Specifications.
D. The CONTRACTOR shall maintain, protect, reroute, or extend as required existing utilities to remain in place that pass through the work area. E. The CONTRACTOR shall clear and grub the proposed work area within the limits of construction and in accordance with the Construction Drawings.
1. In areas to be cleared, remove all stumps, roots ½-inch or larger, organic material, and debris to a depth of approximately one foot below existing grade, or one foot below the proposed subgrade elevation, whichever is lower.
2. Grub areas within a 10-foot zone bordering all proposed structures and pipelines.
3. Useable topsoil collected during clearing and grubbing shall be stockpiled onsite in areas designated by the OWNER.
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F. The CONTRACTOR shall install adequate erosion and sediment controls to prevent erosion in the vicinity of the planned earthworks operations. The CONTRACTOR shall maintain the erosion and sediment controls for the duration of construction. Accumulated sediment shall be disposed of by the CONTRACTOR in a manner approved by the OWNER.
G. Diversion ditches, either permanent or temporary, shall be constructed in accordance with the Construction Drawings and as necessary to control surface water. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for constructing diversion ditches as required to divert run-on around the construction area and maintain the diversions until approved by the OWNER or ENGINEER.
H. The CONTRACTOR shall install barriers and other devices to protect areas adjacent to construction. I. The surfaces of final cover subgrade and infiltration/protection soil layers must be scarified
prior to placement of subsequent layers to ensure bonding between the layers.
3.03 Stripping and Stockpiling A. Excavated materials classified suitable for use as fill material shall be stockpiled in designated areas free of incompatible soil, debris, or other objectionable materials. Stockpile areas shall be approved by the OWNER.
B. Excavated material classified as topsoil shall be segregated from fill and stockpiled as specified by the OWNER. C. Stockpiles of fill or topsoil shall be no steeper than 3:1 (horizontal: vertical), graded to drain, sealed by tracking (vertically) with a dozer or other means approved by the ENGINEER, and dressed daily during periods when fill is taken from the stockpile. Adequate erosion
and sediment controls shall be employed to manage potential erosion of the stockpiles. 3.04 Trench Excavation and Backfill A. Trenching and backfilling shall comply with all OSHA and other applicable safety requirements.
B. During filling and backfilling operations, pipelines will be checked by the OWNER or CQA Consultant to determine whether any displacement of the pipe has occurred. If the inspection of the pipelines shows poor alignment, displaced pipe or any other defects, the defects designated by the OWNER or CQA Consultant shall be remedied in a satisfactory manner by the CONTRACTOR at no additional expense to the OWNER. Any pipe that is damaged shall be replaced at the CONTRACTOR’s expense. C. Excavation
1. Excavation for all drainage, piping, and other structures shall conform to the lines and grades shown on the Construction Drawings. Excess or unsuitable material removed from the excavations shall be replaced with approved material. 2. Slope sides of excavations shall comply with OSHA and local codes and ordinances having jurisdiction.
a. The CONTRACTOR will be responsible for all shoring, bracing, trench boxes, etc., necessary to complete the excavation and pipe installation in a safe manner.
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b. Shore and brace where sloping is not possible because of space restrictions or stability of material excavated. 3. Unless directed otherwise by the OWNER or ENGINEER, excavations shall not be backfilled until the work as installed conforms to all requirements specified in
these Technical Specifications. D. Pipe Bedding 1. The bottoms of excavations shall be thoroughly compacted and in an approved condition prior to placing pipe bedding.
2. Pipe bedding shall be graded, compacted, and shaped so that the full length of pipe barrel has complete and uniform bearing for the bottom quadrant of each pipe.
3. Pipe bedding shall be placed in layers not exceeding four inches in loose depth. Each layer shall be compacted by at least two passes of an approved plate-type
vibratory compactor. E. Backfilling
1. Backfill trench with clean backfill, as shown on the Construction Drawings and specified in this section, that meets the requirements for structural fill unless
otherwise approved by the OWNER or ENGINEER and as detailed.
2. Place backfill material by hand, and compact in layers not exceeding six inches compacted thickness. The moisture content of backfill shall be such that proper
compaction will be obtained. It is the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to ensure that the minimum specified densities are obtained.
3. All trench backfilling shall be carefully placed to avoid disturbance of new work.
4. Puddling or jetting of backfill with water will not be permitted.
5. Each lift of trench backfill material shall be moistened as necessary and
compacted in to the proper compaction to provide the necessary support and protection for the pipe.
a. Compact soil materials using equipment suitable for materials to be
compacted and work area locations.
b. Hand-operated plate type vibratory or other suitable equipment may be used in areas not accessible to larger rollers or compactors, and to avoid
damaging pipes or structures.
c. Any backfill that fails to comply with the minimum compaction requirements specified shall be re-compacted or, if necessary, removed to the limits directed by the OWNER or ENGINEER. All of this work shall be completed by the CONTRACTOR at no additional expense to the
OWNER.
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F. After backfilling, the CONTRACTOR shall maintain the filled surfaces in good condition with a smooth surface level with adjacent undisturbed surfaces. Any subsequent settling shall be immediately repaired by the CONTRACTOR in a manner satisfactory to the OWNER or CQA Consultant. Such maintenance shall be provided by the CONTRACTOR for the remainder of this contract at no additional expense to the OWNER.
3.05 Quality Assurance A. Soil tests shall be performed by the CQA Consultant and an approved geotechnical laboratory to ensure adequate placement and compaction of material. Soil testing shall be performed at the minimum frequencies presented below, unless in conflict with the CQA Plan, in which case the CQA plan minimum frequencies will govern.

Property (1) Test Method QA Testing Frequency
USCS Soil Classification (2) ASTM D2487 1 per 5,000 yd3
Moisture Content (3) ASTM D2216-19 1 per 10,000 yd3
Moisture-Density Relationship (Standard Proctor) (3) ASTM D698 1 per 10,000 yd3
In-place density ASTM D2937-17e2 ASTM D8167/D8167M-18a
ASTM D6938-17a
1 per 10,000 ft2/lift
In-place moisture content ASTM D4959-16 ASTM D6938 1 per 10,000 ft2/lift
Layer Thickness - Survey Grid survey 1 per 10,000 ft2
Layer Thickness - Direct Direct measurement 1 per acre (min)
1. The CQA Consultant shall prepare a drawing showing the horizontal and vertical locations of all test locations. 2. Includes grain size (ASTM D422 or D6913) and Atterberg Limits (D4318) as appropriate. 3. Additional tests may be required when soil gradation tests indicate that there has been a change in the material being supplied 4. Testing of trench backfill material will involve in-place moisture content and density tests in accordance with ASTM D6938 at one test per 100 linear feet of trench in lieu of the moisture and density frequencies listed above. B. The CONTRACTOR shall cooperate with the CQA Consultant in obtaining samples for testing and conducting in-situ tests during the construction period. The CONTRACTOR shall provide all necessary labor, equipment, and material to refill sample locations.
C. If the tests conducted on a particular lift of the placed material do not meet required specifications, the CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for any expenses incurred performing additional tests following replacement, relocation or re-compaction of the material until passing test results are achieved. 3.06 Protection and Acceptance
A. Protect the finished surface from erosion, desiccation, or other damage. B. Develop a contingency plan for responding to construction deficiencies due to inclement weather, defective materials, and construction inconsistent with the Technical Specifications. The plan shall provide a methodology for selecting and implementing corrective action.
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C. Portions of the work damaged due to exposure shall be reworked to meet the Technical Specifications or, at the discretion of the CQA Consultant, removed and replaced with conforming material at no additional cost to the OWNER. 3.07 Removal of Shoring and Bracing Materials
A. Where the CONTRACTOR is permitted and elects not to remove shoring and bracing material, all such material shall be removed to the extent that the top of the material shall be a minimum of 5 feet below the proposed finished grade. No shoring or bracing may remain in place within the limits of the proposed geomembrane or GCL placement. B. Removal of shoring and bracing shall be carried out in a manner such that no structure shall
be disturbed or damaged during or after removal. Protection of structures during the removal of shoring and bracing shall be the sole responsibility of the CONTRACTOR, and any disturbance or damage shall be rectified at no expense to the OWNER.

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