2002_ROSCANS_2003

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PAsolid waste\Cherokee PTC Ph. 2\documents\G02032-PTC Ich Rev. 8120/O) 108

5.1 Introduction
Cherokee County Landfill will only accept Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) from Cherokee, Clay, Graham and
Swain Counties. Cherokee County will construct a 3.8 acre Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (Phase 2)
according to Subtitle D requirements. The facility will be constructed with 24 inches of cohesive soil
(permeability of 1.0 x 107 cm/sec), or 18 inches of cohesive soil (permeability of 1.0 x 10'5 cm/sec) with
reinforced geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), 60 mil High Density Polyethylene liner (HDPE), 36 inches of
protective cover over the liner and a leachate collection system which flows to the leachate lagoon.
The_perimater_oi-tbe_Li.n.ed_ar_ea will_be_m.ar_ked_off_b_y_3_in.ch_P_V_C_pi.Re-at190-i.me.rvals_tha.t_wi1Lb-e-pla.cecLi.n
the anchor trenches. Solid waste will not be placed within four (4) feet of this boundary to assure that it is
being placed directly above the liner system so that no leachate can flow outside of this area.
All stormwater that comes in contact with solid waste will be handled as leachate. The leachate is collected in
the sump area, where it is pumped by force main to the lagoon.
Leachate will be treated at the Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant. The leachate will have to be
tested according to the pretreatment conditions outlined in the pre-treatment agreement.
Leachate will be recirculated. (See Appendix IV)
The leachate lagoon will be inspected on a monthly basis and a report generated and placed in the landfill
records. The report will include the date the liner was inspected, the inspector, general observations since
the last inspection, visible abrasions, possible stress cracks, or obvious punctures. Stress cracks can occur
in wrinkles that are generated from heat expansion or contraction due to freezing. Also, the HDPE liner may
deteriorate due to ultra violet light and this can appear as an abrasion where material can be scraped away
with a hard object. If any damage or possible weak spots due to ultra violet exposure has been detected, a
qualified HDPE installation company shall be notified immediately so that a repair patch can be installed. The
leachate level shall not be allowed to exceed the depth of the damaged liner until it has been repaired and
tested by the liner installation company. Once this has been accomplished all testing documentation shall be
placed in the operating records.
Daily cover will be the combination of soil and synthetic cover. The synthetic cover will be used on days that
the next days fill will be placed directly on top of the fill. Soil cover will be used when the next day's waste will
not be placed directly on top or the synthetic cover is not large enough to cover the entire area. Soil cover will
be placed at least once a week. (See cover requirements under operational requirements).
The County will implement a program at the landfill for detecting and preventing the disposal of hazardous
and liquid wastes. The program consists of random inspection of incoming loads at a minimum of 1% of the
weekly traffic. Landfill personnel will be trained to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes. Records will be
kept on the training and the inspections. (See Section 5.3-Appendix 1).
The County of Cherokee will monitor for explosive gases at landfill structures and the perimeter of the landfill.
The concentration of methane gases generated by the landfill cannot exceed 25 percent of the lower
explosive limit for methane in the structures, and it cannot exceed 100 percent of the lower explosive limit for
methane of the landfill property boundary. (See Section 5.5-Appendix III) If methane gas is found to exceed
the acceptable limits at either the property boundary or landfill structures, it is the County's responsibility to do
the following:
Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health, i.e. no smoking,
temporarily abandon the structure and notify the Division of Solid Waste Management.
Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels detected and a
description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
P \solid waste\Cherokee PTC Ph. Nocumcnts\G02032-111-C Ich Rev 812010.3 109

3. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas releases, place a
copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division of Solid Waste management that the
plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the nature and extent of the problem and the
proposed remedy.
Off and on site erosion will be controlled through erosion control structures and devices. Provisions for a
vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be accomplished within 30 working days or 120
calendar days upon completion of any phase of landfill development.
Tine-County_o#SChemLea--wjll_m-d-and_r_etai- at the landfill an Q ratin record of the following information-
(1) Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures;
(2) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill;
(3) Waste determination, Leachate sampling data, leachate levels, meteorological data ;
(4) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
(5) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or analytical data
required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
(6) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post -closure;
(7) Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation.
All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to the Division of Solid Waste
Management or be made available at all reasonable times for inspection by the Division.
Ground and surface water will be sampled and analyzed according to Subtitle D Appendix I detection
monitoring requirements. The monitoring frequency for all Appendix I(Section 5.3) detection monitoring
constituents will be at least semiannual during the life of the facility (including closure) and the post -closure
period. A minimum of four independent samples from each well (background and downgradient) will be
collected and analyzed for the Appendix I constituents during the first semiannual sampling event. At least
one sample from each well (background and downgradient) will be collected and analyzed during subsequent
semiannual sampling events.
If the County of Cherokee determines that there is a statistically significant increase over background for one
or more of the constituents listed in Appendix I at any monitoring well at the relevant point of compliance, the
County will, within 14 days of the finding, report to the Division of Solid Waste and place a notice in the
operating record indicating which constituents have shown statistically significant changes from background
levels. The County will establish an assessment monitoring program within 90 days. The County may
demonstrate that a source other than the landfill caused the contamination or that the statistically significant
increase resulted from an error in sampling, analysis, statistical evaluation, or natural variation in ground-
water quality. A report documenting these demonstrations will be certified by a Licensed Geologist or
Professional Engineer and approved by the Division of Solid Waste. A copy of this report will be placed in the
operating record. If a successful demonstration is made, documented, and approved by the Division, the
County may continue detection monitoring. If after 90 days, a successful demonstration is not made, the
County will initiate an assessment monitoring program.
P \solid uwaste\Cherokee PTC Ph. ?\documents\G02032-131 C lch Rev. 8&120J03 1 1 0

5.2 Operational Requirements
Waste Acceptance and Disposal Requirements
a. The Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) will only accept those solid wastes which it is
permitted to receive. Cherokee County will notify the Division within 24 hours of attempted
disposal of any waste the landfill is not permitted to receive. Signs are placed at the entrance
to the Landfill stating that Hazardous and Liquid wastes are not accepted and that random
waste screening is performed.
b. The following wastes are prohibited from disposal at the MSWLF:
Hazardous waste as defined within 15A NCAC 13A, to also include hazardous waste
from conditionally exempt small quantity generators.
ii. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761.
iii. Bulk or non -containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill.
iv. White Goods, Yard Waste, Tires.
V. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally
found in household waste;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than
storage; or
(iii) The waste is household waste.
vi. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain
"free liquids" as defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test),
S. W. 846.
C. Spoiled foods, animal carcasses, abattoir waste, hatchery waste, and other animal waste
delivered to the disposal site will be covered immediately.
d. Asbestos waste will be accepted. The waste will be put in a hole dug out of the existing
waste and buried immediately. A 24 hour notice will be given to the Landfill before any
asbestos arrives, records will be kept as to whom and type of asbestos buried.
e. Wastewater treatment sludges may be accepted either as a soil conditioner incorporated into
or applied onto vegetative growth layer but in no case greater than six inches in depth. Or
wastewater treatment sludges may be co -disposed in the lined area.
Cherokee County will continue a program at the Landfill for detecting and preventing the
disposal of hazardous and liquid wastes. (Section 5.3-Appendix 1) This program will include,
at a minimum:
Random inspections of incoming loads or other comparable procedures;
Records of any inspections;
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iii. Training of facility personnel to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes.
iv. Development of a contingency plan to properly manage any identified hazardous and
liquid wastes, The plan must address identification, removal, storage and final
deposition of the waste.
g. Waste placement will be within the areal limits of the base liner system and in a manner
consistent with the effective permit.
2 Cover material requirements.
a. Except as in Part (b), Cherokee County must cover disposed solid waste with six inches of
earthen material at the end of each operating day, or at more frequent intervals if necessary,
to control disease vectors, fires, odors blowing litter, and scavenging.
b. Alternative materials such as synthetic cover may be used as daily cover on the working face
or until it is necessary to cover with earthen material. The alternative material must be
approved by the Division of Solid Waste and applied according to manufacturers
recommendations. At a minimum soil cover will be used once a week. (Section 5.4-Appendix
II)
C. Areas which will not have additional wastes placed on them for 12 months or more, but where
final termination of disposal operations has not occurred, will be covered with a minimum of
one foot of intermediate cover.
3. Disease vector control
a. Cherokee County will prevent or control on -site populations of disease vectors using
techniques appropriate for protection of human health and the environment. At the end of
every day, waste will be covered either by synthetic cover or 6" of soil cover. At a minimum
soil will be used once a week. Any waste that requires immediate cover, will be covered
immediately with soil.
b. "Disease vectors" means any rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other animals, including insects,
capable of transmitting disease to humans.
4. Explosive gases control
a. Cherokee County must ensure that:
i. The concentration of methane gas generated by the landfill does not exceed 25
percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in landfill structures (excluding gas
control or recovery system components); and
ii. The concentration of methane gas does not exceed 100 percent of the lower
explosive limit for methane at the landfill property boundary.
b. Cherokee County will implement a routine methane monitoring program to ensure that the
standards of 4 (a) are met. (Section 5.5-Appendix III)
The type and frequency of monitoring must be determined based on the following
factors:
(i) Soil conditions;
(ii) The hydrogeologic conditions surrounding the facility;
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(iii) The hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility;
(iv) The location of facility structures and property boundaries.
ii. The minimum frequency of monitoring will be quarterly.
C. If methane gas levels exceeding the limits specified in 4 (a) are detected, the owner or
operator will:
i Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health,_.E_no
smoking, temporarily abandon the structure and notify the Division of Solid Waste
Management.
ii. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels
detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
iii. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas
releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division of
Solid Waste Management that the plan has been implemented. The plan will
describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.
d. "Lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of explosive gases
in air that will propagate a flame at 250 C and atmospheric pressure.
5. Air Criteria
a. Cherokee County will ensure that the landfill does not violate any applicable requirements
developed under a State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved or promulgated by the US.
EPA Administrator pursuant to Section 110 of the Clean Air Act, as amended.
b. Open burning of solid waste, except for the infrequent burning of land clearing debris
generated on site or debris from emergency clean-up operations, is prohibited. Any such
infrequent burning will be approved by the Division of Solid Waste Management.
C. Earth moving equipment will be provided to control accidental tires and leachate tank trucks
used for water or leachate that would be recirculated can also be used. Arrangements have
been made with the local fire department to provide actual fire protection. This Fire
department has access at all times to the landfill to provide fire fighting services when
needed. Landfill personnel can use soil to isolate the fire so it will not spread any further but
actual fighting of the fire should be the responsibility of the trained fire department.
d. Fires that occur at the landfill will be reported to the Division of Solid Waste Management
within 24 hours and written notification will be submitted within 15 days.
6. Access and safety requirements
a. The landfill will be adequately secured by means of gates, chains, beams, fences and other
security measures approved by the Division of Solid Waste Management to prevent
unauthorized entry.
b. An attendant will be on duty at the site at all times while it is open for public use to ensure
compliance with operational requirements.
C. The access road to the site will be of all-weather construction and maintained in good
condition.
1) \solid waste\Chcrokee PTC Ph. 2\documents\G02032-1'1'C Ich Rcc 8/20/03 113

d. Dust control measures will be implemented when necessary. If dust problems should arise,
the county will use any reasonable means necessary to reduce it. At a minimum the county
will spray water on necessary areas.
e. Signs providing information on tipping or disposal procedures, the hours during which the site
is open for pubic use, the permit number and other pertinent information will be posted at the
site entrance.
f. Signs will be posted stating that no hazardous or liquid waste can be received.
g. Traffic signs or markers will be provided as necessary to promote an orderly traffic
pattern to and from the discharge area and to maintain efficient operating conditions.
h. The removal of solid waste from the landfill will be prohibited unless the County approves
and the removal is not performed on the working face.
i. Barrels and drums will not be disposed of unless they are empty and perforated sufficiently to
ensure that no liquid or hazardous waste is contained therein, except fiber drums containing
asbestos.
7. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Requirements
a. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized to prevent silt
from leaving the landfill.
b. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized to prevent
excessive on -site erosion.
c. Provisions for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be accomplished
within 30 working days or 120 calendar days upon completion of any phase of landfill
development.
8. Drainage Control and Water Protection Requirements
a. Surface water will be diverted from the operational area.
b. Solid waste will not be disposed of in water.
C. Leachate will be contained on site and properly treated prior to discharge.
d. The landfill will not:
(i) Cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States, including wetlands,
that violates any requirements of the Clean Water Act, including, but not limited to,
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements pursuant
to Section 402.
(i i) Cause the discharge of a nonpoint source of pollution to waters of the United
States, including wetlands, that violates any requirements of an area -wide or state-
wide water quality management plan that has been approved under Section 208 or
319 of the Clean Water Act, as amended.
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9
Liquids Restriction
a. Bulk or non -containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill.
b. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally found in household
waste;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than storage; or
(iii) The waste is household waste.
C. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain "free liquids" as
defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test), S. W. 846.
d. Test for free liquids:
Sludges or other wastes may be tested for free liquids after previous screening tests have
shown that the waste is not hazardous and does not contain PCB's. The specified test to
determine whether or not a material is considered to be a liquid is the Paint Filter Test
method 9095. The procedure for conducting this test is as follows:
(i) Obtain standard 400- micron paint filter;
(ii) Place a properly -sized, clean, dry funnel in a ring stand or similar
device;
(iii) Fold the filter and line the funnel with it;
(iv) Place a 100 ml sample of waste into the funnel;
(v) Place a clean, dry container under the funnel; and,
(vi) Check in exactly 5 minutes to see if any liquid is in the container.
(vii) If any liquid passes through the filter in 5 minutes or less, the waste is
considered to be a liquid. The filtrate can be water, oil or any combination of any
non -hazardous liquids.
10. Record keeping Requirements
a. Cherokee County MSWLF will record and retain at the facility, or an alternative location near
the facility approved by the Division of Solid Waste Management, in an operating record the
following information as it becomes available.
(i) Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures,
(ii) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill to include source of
generation.
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(iii) Waste determination, Leachate sampling data, leachate levels, meteorological data ;
(iv) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
(v) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or analytical data
required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
(vi) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post -closure; and,
Ancostcost estimates and financial assurance documentation.
All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to the Division
of Solid Waste Management or be made available at all reasonable times for inspection by
the Division.
Cherokee County will maintain a copy of the operation plan at the landfill.
11. Spreading and Compacting Requirements
The initial lift of solid waste will be placed over Phase 2. This lift will be covered with six (6)
inches of daily cover. This lift will absorb the rain water and allow some of it to evaporate
prior to reaching the leachate collection system. When a heavy rain does occur, the impact
on the leachate collection system will not be immediate. Prior to placement of solid waste
over any leachate pipe, the geotextile fabric that is covering the stone will be folded back so
that solid waste will be in direct contact with the stone. This method will not allow biological
growth to develop on the geotextile which could eventually clog the system.
b. The initial lift of solid waste will be placed loosely at a depth of 4 feet. As this lift is being
placed, a spotter should be placed in the landfill to assure that the compactor does not drive
any long, sharp objects through the protective cover into the liner system. If an object were
to penetrate the liner system, the protective cover must be removed and the penetration
repaired. The subsequent lifts can be placed up to final grades. Heavy landfill equipment
including articulating dump trucks, and compactor will only be allowed on areas that have a
minimum of 4' of solid waste. Only low pressure equipment such as a D6 LGP Caterpillar will
be allowed on the protective cover.
C. The landfill will restrict solid waste into the smallest area feasible, typically 60' x 75' area
Solid waste will be compacted as densely as practical into cells. The compactor should run
over an area of solid waste a minimum of 6 times.
Appropriate methods such as fencing and diking will be provided within the area to confine
solid waste subject to be blown by the wind. At the conclusion of each day of operation, all
windblown material resulting from the operation will be collected and returned to the area.
12. Leachate Management Plan
a. Cherokee County will periodically maintain the leachate collection system.
b. Cherokee County will maintain records for the amount of leachate collected.
C. Cherokee County will quality sample their leachate bi-annually for Appendix I (Section 5.3)
constituents, pH, BOD, COD, TDS, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate. The sample will be
obtained from the lagoon and sampled the same time as the monitoring wells.
d. The leachate is being treated by the Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant.
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Under extreme operational conditions Cherokee County has the option of shutting down the
flow of leachate to the lagoon by shutting off the pump. The leachate will be temporarily
stored within the MSWLF units until such a time the flow of leachate can continue to the
lagoon. If any rain or other event requires storage of leachate or storm water in the cell, the
Division of Solid Waste will be notified immediately followed by written communication.
Leachate will be recirculated. (See Section 5.6-Appendix IV)
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5.3 Appendix I
A. INTRODUCTION
The municipal solid waste stream is made up of wastes from all sectors of society. The waste is often
categorized by its source or its characteristics. Terms used include commercial, industrial,
residential, biomedical, hazardous, household, solid, liquid, demolition/construction, sludge, etc.
Regardless of how one classifies wastes, the bottom line is that wastes are delivered to the landfill
and a management decision must be made to either reject or accept them. This responsibility rests
with the manager of the landfill. Wastes which are not authorized to be accepted at the landfill create
a number of potential problems including: (1) liability due to future releases of contaminants; (2) bad
publicity if media learns of unacceptable waste entering the landfill; (3) potential for worker injury; (4)
exposure to civil or criminal penalties; (5) damage to landfill environmental control systems.
B. HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
In the United States, hazardous waste is regulated under RCRA, Subtitle C. A waste is hazardous if it
is listed as a hazardous waste by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in
the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 261, or if it meets one or more of the hazardous waste
criteria as defined by EPA. These criteria are:
• Ignitability
• Corrosivity
• Reactivity
• Toxicity
Ignitability
Ignitable waste is a waste that burns readily, causes a fire by friction under normal circumstances, or
is an oxidizer. Any waste having a flash point of <140F falls in this category. Flash point is that
temperature at which a liquid gives off vapors that will ignite when an open flame is applied. Under
Department of Transportation (DOT) definitions, a flammable liquid has a flash point of >100 F. A
combustible liquid has a flash point between 100 and 200 F. Therefore, a flammable liquid is always
hazardous while a combustible liquid may or may not be hazardous depending upon its flash point.
Corrosivity
A corrosive waste is one having a very high or a very low pH. The pH of a liquid is a measure of how
acidic or basic (alkaline) the material is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. High numbers are basic
and low numbers are acidic. A substance having a pH <2.0 or >12.5 is defined as hazardous under
RCRA.
Reactivity
A waste is reactive if it is normally unstable: reacts violently with water; forms an explosive mixture
with water; contains quantities of cyanide or sulfur that could be released to the air; or can easily be
detonated or exploded. These wastes may fall into any one of several DOT categories.
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
A waste is TCLP toxic if the concentration of any constituent in Table 1 exceeds the standard
assigned to that substance. The TCLP is a methodology which attempts to simulate the conditions
within a landfill. An acidic solution is passed through a sample of waste and the resultant "leachate"
is analyzed for contaminants. The TCLP is designed to detect heavy metals, pesticides and a few
other organic and inorganic compounds. The purpose of the test is to prevent groundwater
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contamination by highly toxic materials. TCLP tests the mobility of 40 different elements and
compounds.
Except in certain specified circumstances, regulated quantities of hazardous waste must be disposed
of at a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility. In accordance with 40 CFR Part 261.3, any
material contaminated by a hazardous waste is also deemed to be a hazardous waste and
must be managed as such. Hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators
are to be disposed of in a Hazardous waste disposal facility. RCRA permits are also required to store,
transport, and treat hazardous waste.
C. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL'S (PCBs)
Introduction
PCBs are nonflammable and conduct heat without conducting electricity. These compounds were
most frequently used as an additive to oil or other liquids in situations where heat was involved. The
PCBs enhance the heat conducting properties of the liquid and thereby increase the heat dissipation
or cooling effect obtained. They have also been used in lubricants and paint. In the United States
one of the most common applications was in electric transformers. The only effective method for
destroying PCBs is high Temperature incineration which is relatively expensive due to a shortage of
PCB incineration capacity.
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TABLE 1
T.C.L.P. CONSTITUENTS & REGULATORY LEVELS (mg/L)
CONSTITUENT
REG LEVEL
CONSTITUENT
REG LEVEL
Arsenic
5.0
Hexachlorobenzene
0.13
barium
00
-H ixachhru=1, -
0.5
Benzene
0.5
Hexachloroethane
3.0
Cadmium
1.0
Lead
5.0
Carbon Tetrachloride
0.5
Lindane
0.4
Chlordane
0.03
Mercury
0.2
Chlorobenzene
100
Methoxychlor
10.0
Chloroform
6.0
Methyl ethyl ketone
200
Chromium
5.0
Nitrobenzene
2.0
m-Cresol
200
Pentachlorophenol
100
o-Cresol
200
Pyridine
5.0
p-Cresol
200
Selenium
1.0
Cresol
200
Silver
5.0
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
10.0
Tetrachloroethylene
0.7
1,2-Dichloroethane
0.7
Toxaphene
0.5
1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.5
Trichloroethylene
0.5
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid
0.7
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
400
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
0.13
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2.0
Endrin
0.02
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
1.0
Heptachlor (and its
-hydroxide)
0.008
Vinyl Chloride
0.2
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By law PCB's are no longer used as dielectrics in transformers and capacitors manufactured after
1979. There are many millions of pounds of PCBs still in use or in storage. One example is the
ballasts used in fluorescent light fixtures. It has been estimated that there are between 0.5 million
and 1.5 billion ballasts currently in use in this country. Due to the long life of these units, about half of
these may be of pre-1979 manufacture and contain PCBs. Since each ballast contains about one
ounce of nearly pure PCB fluid, there are about 20 to 30 million pounds of PCBs in existing lighting
fixtures. These items are not the subject to RCRA Subtitle D Waste Screening!
Commercial or industrial sources of PCB wastes that should be addressed by the program include:
• Mineral oil and dielectric fluids containing PCBs;
• Contaminated soil, dredged material, sewage sludge, rags, and other debris from a release of
PCBs;
• Transformers and other electrical equipment containing dielectric fluids; and
• Hydraulic machines.
2. PCB Regulatory Requirements
As contrasted to hazardous wastes, the Toxic Substance Control Act regulates PCBs based on the
concentration of PCBs in the waste rather than the source or characteristic of the waste. The
regulations concerning PCB disposal are spelled out in 40 CFR Part 761. Subtitle D of RCRA merely
requires that PCB waste not be disposed in a MSW landfill. PCB management requirements include:
Waste containing more than 500 ppm of PCBs must be incinerated. Waste containing from 50 to 500
ppm must be disposed of by incineration, approved burning, or in chemical waste landfill permitted to
receive such wastes. The regulations are silent concerning wastes containing less than 50 ppm of
PCBs; however, the regulations cannot be circumvented by diluting stronger wastes.
D. FUNDAMENTALS OF WASTE SCREENING
Know Your Generators and Haulers
Since the level of sophistication of your waste screening program will be a reflection of the likelihood
of hazardous waste and PCB waste being in your incoming waste, knowledge of the commercial
industrial base of your service area is critical. Some examples are the automotive industry, which
generates solvents, paint wastes, lead acid batteries, grease and oil; the dry cleaning industry, which
may generate filters containing dry cleaning solvents; metal platers which generate heavy metal
wastes; and other industries which generate a variety of undesirable wastes; e.g. chemical and
related products, petroleum refining, primary metals, electrical and electronic machinery, etc.
Landfill managers should also know the haulers and trucks serving the businesses in their community
which are likely to carry unacceptable wastes.
Some local governments and solid waste management agencies have enacted legislation requiring
haulers to provide a manifest showing the customers whose wastes make up that particular load.
Such a manifest is an extremely useful tool when a load is found to contain prohibited wastes. It is
unwise to accept wastes from unknown, unlicensed, or otherwise questionable haulers.
Inspections
An inspection is typically a visual observation of the incoming waste loads by an individual who is
trained to identify regulated hazardous or PCB wastes that would not be acceptable for disposal at
the MSWLF unit. The training of landfill personnel will be conducted by a local EMS official or a
P.\solid waste\Cheroi:ee PTC Ph. 2\documents\G02032-PTC Ich Rcc8/20/03 1 2 1

SWANA certification. An inspection is considered satisfactory if the inspector knows the nature of all
materials received in the load and is able to discern whether the materials are potentially regulated
hazardous wastes or PCB wastes.
Ideally, all loads should be screened; however, it is generally not practical to inspect in detail all
incoming loads. Random inspections, therefore, can be used to provide a reasonable means to
adequately control the receipt of inappropriate wastes. Random inspections are simply inspections
made on less than every load. At a minimum the inspection frequency will not be less than one
percent of the waste stream.
The frequency of random inspections may be based on the type and quantity of wastes received
daily, and the accuracy and confidence desired in conclusions drawn from inspection observations.
Because statistical parameters are not provided in the regulation, a reasoned, knowledge -based
approach may be taken. A random inspection program may take many forms such as inspecting
every incoming load one day out of every month or inspecting one or more loads from transporters of
wastes of unidentifiable nature each day. If these inspections indicate that unauthorized wastes are
being brought to the MSWLF site, the random inspection program should be modified to increase the
frequency of inspections.
Inspection priority also can be given to haulers with unknown service areas, to loads brought to the
facility in vehicles not typically used for disposal of municipal solid waste, and to loads transported by
previous would-be offenders. For wastes of unidentifiable nature received from sources other than
households (e.g., industrial or commercial establishments), the inspector should question the
transporter about the source/composition of the materials.
Loads will be inspected on the tipping floor at the baler facility prior to actual disposal of the waste at
the working face of the landfill unit to provide the County the opportunity to refuse or accept the
wastes.
An inspection flow chart to identify, accept, or refuse solid waste is provided as Figure 1
Inspections of materials may be accomplished by discharging the vehicle load in an area designed to
contain potentially hazardous wastes that may arrive at the facility. The waste should be carefully
spread for observation using a front end loader or other piece of equipment. The Division of Solid
Waste recommends that waste should be hand raked to spread the load. Personnel should be
trained to identify suspicious wastes. Some indications of suspicious wastes are:
• Hazardous placards or markings;
• Liquids;
• Powders or dusts;
• Sludges;
• Bright or unusual colors;
• Drums or commercial size containers; or
• Chemical odors.
Cherokee County will follow these procedures when suspicious wastes are discovered.
• Segregate the wastes;
• Question the driver;
• Review the manifest (if applicable);
• Contact possible source;
• Call the State Solid Waste Management Department;
• Use appropriate protective equipment;
• Contact laboratory support if required; and
• Notify the local Hazardous Material Response Team.
Pasolid aasteWherokee PTC Ph. 2Vlocumen[s\G02032-P"hC lei, Rev. S120l01
122

Containers with contents that are not easily identifiable, such as unmarked 55-gallon drums, should
be opened only by properly trained personnel. Because these drums could contain hazardous waste,
they should be refused whenever possible. Upon verifying that the solid waste is acceptable, it may
then be transferred to the working face for disposal.
Testing typically would include the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and other tests
for characteristics of hazardous wastes including corrositivity, ignitability, and reactivity. Wastes that
are suspected of being hazardous should be handled and stored as a hazardous waste until a
determination is made.
If the wastes temporarily stored at the site are determined to be hazardous, Cherokee County is
responsible for the management of the waste. If the wastes are to be transported from the facility, the
waste must be: (1) stored at the MSWLF facility in accordance with requirements of a hazardous
waste generator, (2) manifested, (3) transported by a licensed Treatment, Storage, or Disposal (TSD)
facility for disposal.
E. RECORD KEEPING AND NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
Records must be kept pursuant to an incident where regulated hazardous waste or prohibited waste
is found at the landfill. It is also recommended that records be kept of all screening activities and
incidents, whether or not, regulated or prohibited wastes are found. This will help prove that the
landfill owner/operator has acted in a prudent and reasonable manner.
The best way to prove compliance with this requirement is to document each inspection including:
Date and time of waste detection
Hauler name (company and driver)
Waste(s) detected
Waste generator(s) if able to identify
Action(s) taken to manage or return material(s)
Efforts taken if extreme toxicity or hazard was discovered
Landfill employee in responsible charge
40 CFR Part 258 requires that records should be maintained at or near the landfill site during its
active life and as long after as may be required by the appropriate state or local regulations.
I' \solid waste\Cherokee P-1 C Ph.'_\documcnts\G02032-PTC Ich Re,. 8120103 123

Waste inspected by Personnel Trained
to Recognize Hazardous Wastes Prior
to Delivery at Working Face
Waste is a identified as Waste is not Readily His Identified as a
Non -Hazardous Identifiable Hazardous Waste
�A — I I
Deliver to Isolate Wastes by
Working Face Moving to Temporary Refuse Waste
Storage Area 7 F
Record Have Wastes Tested Record
Inspection Including Unidentified Inspection
Containerized Wastes
Waste Der ennined to Waste Dete mtined to
be Non -Hazardous be Hazardous
Return to Working Manifest and Transport Wastes to a Facility
Face and Dispose Permitted to Handle the Hazardous Waste (e.g.
A Facility with a RCRA Permit or Interim Status
Record I Record Inspectioi
Inspection and Notify State
Director
FIGURE 1
Hazardous Waste Inspection Decision Tree
Inspection Prior to Working Face
13 \solid waste\Cherokee PTC Ph. 2\documents\G02012•P1'C Ich Ran. 8/20/03 124

WASTE SCREENING CHECK LIST
CONTAINERS YES NO
FULL............... .................................................
PARTIALLY FULL ...............................................
EMPTY..............................................................
CRUSHED..........................................................
PUNCTURED ......................................................
POWDERS/DUSTS
IDENTIFIED......................................................
UNKNOWN.......................................................
SATURATION ...................................................
LABEL/HAZARDOUS ..........................................
ODOR/FUMES
STRONG..........................................................
FAINT.. . ..........................................................
HEAT..............................................................
ITEMS FOUND
BATTERIES......................................................
OIL.................................................................
BIOMEDICAL...................................................
RADIOACTIVE..................................................
ASHES/RESIDUE ................................................
SOD/SOIL .........................................................
LIQUID.............. I ...... I ........... I ...........................
HAZARDOUS ....................................................
PCB'S ..............................................................
CHECK ALL THAT APPLY
ll.Aid %vasteWherokee PTC Ph, 2\documenls\G02032-PTC Ich Rev. 8120/03 125

WASTE SOURCE
ADDRESS
DETAILED SCREENING REPORT
PROBABLE[ )
WASTE
HAULER
SUSPECTED[ ] CONFIRMED [ ]
ADDRESS
DRIVER'S NAME
DETAIL
NOTIFIED:
WASTE SOURCE [
STATE[ ]
NAME
] HAULING MANAGEMENT [ ) SITE MANAGEMENT [ ]
FEDERAL[ ]
WITNESS (IF ANY)
DATE
TIME AM PM
ACTION REQUIRED
P\�olid—SleTlIM ee PTC Ph. MoamientAG02072•11TC Ich Rev. 812010.1 126

5.4 Appendix II
CHEROKEE COUNTY SYNTHETIC COVER OPERATION PLAN
Determine the size of the area to be covered. Be sure to allow for five to ten feet extra on each
measurement to ensure that the refuse is completely covered.
2. The synthetic cover is shipped to the landfill site with panels folded accordion -type, then rolled up.
Unroll the cover along the working face (depending upon operations), and attach the leading edge of
th.e�nrolle.d_panel_tn_exis-tinglan-dfi.l.l_e.q_u.i.pm.e.nt with_r_op_e.s.(i.a.--to-the t -thP h
Pull the sewn panels of cover across the compacted trash. The synthetic cover maybe pulled from
any direction, which may vary from day to day. Keep the leading edge between the two machines (or
people) as high as possible to eliminate drag. .
4. Anchor the edges of synthetic cover every 20 feet with tires or sandbags to hold the synthetic cover in
place. If it is windy, more anchoring may be required. Make sure a large enough panel has been
ordered to completely cover the refuse (base this on the heaviest day. to the week). If complete
coverage is not possible, cover the exposed refuse with soil; but take care not to place too much dirt
on the synthetic cover if it is to be re -used.
5. On the next day of operations, remove the tires and/or sandbags. Simply pull the synthetic cover
across itself (to reduce drag) and off the refuse to an area that is inactive. Anchor the edges again to
prevent wind from lifting the blanket. At the end of the day, pull the synthetic cover back across the
refuse by repeating steps 3 and 4 until a new panel is needed.
Synthetic Cover is designed to be used as landfill daily cover on a working face. For best results, it is
recommended that the area to be covered be kept as close to a square shape as possible not to exceed 75' X
75' in size. Not only does this procedure allow for easier coverage, it allows for better management of the
working face and saves time at the end of the working day.
Cherokee County will use a panel of synthetic cover that is pulled over the working face on a daily basis by
two pieces of landfill equipment. At the end of the working day, the panel will be secured in place. This is
attained by one of two methods : the panel may be heavy enough to hold itself in place due to accumulation
Of soil and is left in that manner; or tires are placed on the panel to secure it in place.
The working face is operated in this manner, brought to an intermediate grade and then covered with the
required six (6) inches of soil. The process will continue until a lift is completed. The process is then started
over on the next lift until the landfill is filled to final grade and a section is closed. At a minimum six (6) inches
of soil cover will be used once a week.
TIPS TO REMEMBER
Always pull the fabric across itself during installation and removal to make each panel
last as long as possible.
Avoid driving on the panel(s); this may cause punctures and tears.
Tie the panel(s) to the top of the dozer blade and raise the blade to minimize
dragging on refuse.
Use tires or sandbags to hold the panel(s) down overnight. Soil can be used if you
plan to leave panel(s) in place and cover with refuse.
5. Minimize stress between dozer/compactors while pulling on the panel(s).
P:\solid waste\CheroAee VTC Ph. 2\documen1s\G02032-P'ITC Ich Rev. 8/20/03 127

5.5 Appendix III
EXPLOSIVE GAS CONTROL PLAN FOR - CHEROKEE COUNTY
Quarterly the Cherokee County landfill will monitor the explosive gas at the landfill structures and at or near
the landfill boundary. The permanent probes will consist of a plastic stand pipe similar to a piezometer used
for groundwater detection. A typical permanent methane probe is detailed in the operation drawings. The
permanent probe will be constructed at a depth of six (6) feet. A 6" diameter hole will contain a one (1) inch
slotted PVC pipe. The bottom two (2) feet will be backfilled with non -carbonate pea gravel with a bentonite
seal one (1) foot thick above it. The remaining three (3) feet will be backfilled with in situ soils. The one (1)
inch PVC pipe will be approximately three (3) feet above the existing grade. The PVC pipe will be capped
with a one (1) inch PVC cap, one quarter (1/4) inch NPT hose barb, and 1" tubing, plugged or capped.
The location and spacing of the methane monitoring probes is somewhat arbitrary. The locations were
determined by the relationship of solid waste with property lines and landfill structures. The spacing of the
monitoring probes is between 200 and 400 feet. The migration of methane gas is induced by pressure
gradients. The methane will move from areas of high pressure to those of low pressure following the path of
least resistance. The methane will migrate vertically until it reaches the landfill cap, where it will begin to flow
horizontally. This occurs until it finds a pathway out, either by the installed methane collection trenches or
migration through the permeable in situ soils. Since methane is lighter than air, it wants to escape into the
atmosphere. It has been our experience that whenever gas is migrating no matter what the spacing or depth
of the monitoring probes, the gas will fill the void created by the monitoring point and an explosive meter will
monitor the level. The six foot depth of the monitoring probes is to ensure a stable monitoring point. The only
time a shallow monitoring point has not worked is in a very heavy, impermeable clay layer that acts as a seal
to the migration of the gas. If a clay layer is encountered during the construction of the monitoring points, it
will either be moved beyond the clay or excavated to a depth that is in the conductive zone below the clay.
The permanent probes will surround Phase 2. Cherokee County's landfill is designed with a base liner
system and cap system, there should be no migration of methane in the permeable in situ soils.
The gas can be detected by use of an instrument that reports the percent of lower explosive limit. The
instrument being used is the Gas Tech GP 204.
Quarterly, a County employee will visit each monitoring point either the temporary or permanent. The
monitoring points consist of all methane probes and leachate collection system cleanouts. Using the
detection instrument, he will determine if methane gas has filled the probes. If the probe is near the property
line and methane gas is detected at or beyond the lower explosive limit (100% LEL), it must then be
determined if the gas is migrating across the landfill boundary. If the probe is on the boundary or methane
gas has migrated beyond the boundary , a remediation plan must be completed by Cherokee County.
Other points of monitoring will be the landfill structures. Each structure will be monitored for methane using
the following methods:
1. All crawl spaces will be monitored;
2. All corners in the structure will be monitored;
3. Any holes, cracks and pipes through the foundation will be monitored
If methane gas is detected beyond 25% of its lower explosive limit in any structure, check the calibration of
the monitor and resample. If the reading is still above 25%, evacuate the building and try to find the source of
gas. If the source is found try to remove the source. If this fails a remediation plan is stated in the operational
requirements.
VAsolid waste\Cherokee PTC Ph. 2\documents\G0203_'-P'rC u, Ike,. 8/20103 128

5.6 Appendix IV
CHEROKEE COUNTY'S RECIRCULATION PLAN
Cherokee County does intend to utilize recirculation as a means of disposal of their leachate. The intention is
to utilize recirculation as a method by which some relief can be given to the pumping and hauling. This relief
will come in the form of evaporation and retention of water within the solid waste. The remaining leachate will
be hauled to the Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant for disposal. Cherokee County must obtain
a permit from the Division of Solid Waste before leachate recirculation can begin.
No water that comes in contact with the present surface of solid waste runs off any where other than the
leachate collection system.
The County will spread the leachate over the surface of the solid waste, that is at a minimum five feet (5')
deep, within the landfill. The spreading will be accomplished by one of two methods. The first method is by
simply backing their leachate hauling truck into the landfill. A spreader hose will then be attached to the
leachate tank and Cherokee County personnel will manually discharge the leachate over the solid waste. The
second method will utilize the tank truck except the leachate will be used to wet down solid waste that is piled
up from being dumped from a truck or trucks. Once this pile is wet, it will be spread around the working face
by the trash compactor.
At a later date, a pump system may be incorporated into the system. The pump system will pump directly
from the leachate lagoon and the leachate spread in a manner as it was from the tank truck.
Monthly monitoring will be performed to measure the leachate head at the leachate head detection well and
analyze the leachate for BOD, COD, temperature and pH.
The following conditions will be met by Cherokee County:
• A rain gauge and thermometer will be placed on site
• A base line sampling of leachate has been performed (See Attachment 1)
• A brief description of the equipment and its associated specifications is submitted (see Attachment 2)
• Weekly record of leachate head measurements (see Attachment 3)
• Weekly record of leachate recirculated and leachate disposed (see Attachment 4)
• Weekly record of visual monitoring log (see Attachment 5)
• Weekly record of rainfall and lagoon depth (see Attachment 6)
• Records will be kept on a weekly basis
• No leachate will be applied on less than one lift (8 feet) of waste
• No leachate will be recirculated when it is raining, or when the waste is too wet
• No run off or side seepage will be allowed
• Odors will be controlled
• Leachate depth will be monitored in the leachate head detection well to ensure that the head on the
liner does not exceed one foot for more than 24 hours.
• The application system will be properly maintained and documented
• Leachate will be tested every 30 days and a progress report will be submitted annually
1) \solid waste\Cherokee PTC Ph. 2\d0cuments\G020.12-PTC Ich Rec. 8/20/03 129

ATTACHMENT 1
BASELINE DATA
TO BE ADDED IN THE FUTURE
1)isolid wasleTherokec PTC Ph. 2\docomcros%G02032•PTC Ich Res 3/20/03 - 130

U
11 \solid waste\Cherokee PTC Ph. 2\documents\G020,2-PTC Ich Rev. 912010; 1 J 1

ATTACHMENT
CHEROKEE COUNTY LEACHATE HEAD READINGS
DATE DEPTH AT HEAD TEST WELL
P.\solid svaste\Cherokee P fC Ph. 2\ducumems\G02032-P'fC Ich Am 8/20/03 132

ATTACHMENT 4
CHEROKEE COUNTY LEACHATE RECIRCULATION DATA
VOLUME HAULED
DATE VOLUME RECIRCULATION ' 'FOR DISPOSAL
RECIRCULATED AREA
(Se_ctinn_of
Landfill)
P:\solid waste\Chcrokcc PTC Ph 2tdocumcros\G02032-P1'C Ich Rev, 812010' 133

ATTACHMENT 5
CHEROKEE COUNTY VISUAL MONITORING LOG
DATE MONI DUAL TIOR NG I OBSERVATIONS
P:uolid waste\Cherokee PTC Ph. 2\d0cuments\G02032-PTC Ich Rev. SOW.', 134

ATTACHMENT
CHEROKEE COUNTY RAINFALL AND LAGOON DEPTH LOG
DATE RAINFALL(INCHES)_LAGOON DEPTH (FEET)
P:lsolid svastc\Chcrokee P'I-C Ph. 2\Jocumems\G02032-PTC Ich Rev. S'20/03 135

5.7 Operation Drawings
5.7.1 Title Sheet
5.7.2 Index Sheet
5.7.3 Facility Operations
5.7.4 Initial Placement of Waste
5.7.5 Initial Fill Plan
5.7.6 Final Fill with Intermediate Cover
5.7.7 Methane Gas Collection
5.7.9 Erosion Control Planv
5.7.10 Erosion Control Plan
5.7.11 Erosion Control Details
P:%solid waste\Cherokee PTC Ph. 2ldocutnewAG02032-11TC Ich Rev. 8/'0/03 136

North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources •
Division of Waste Management
Michael F. Easley, Governor NCDENR
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
May 19, 2003'
Robert Allen
Solid Waste Director
Cherokee County
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
Re: Permit Review
Cherokee MSW Landfill
Permit No. 20-02
Dear Mr. Allen:
The Solid Waste Section has completed its review of the referenced permit. Cherokee
County may continue to operate Phase 1 of the landfill in accordance with the current conditions
of permit until November 30, 2004.
Operation of the grinding/mulching unit may also continue until November 30, 2004.
Operation shall be in accordance with approved plans and rules codified at 15A NCAC 13B
Sections .0300. The Section understands that this unit will be relocated prior to construction of
Phase 2 of the MSWLF. Application for relocation of the mulching/grinding unit.may be
submitted along with the application to construct Phase 2. The Section may require updates to
the operation plan for the unit at that time.
If you have any questions or comments, please contact Sherri Coghill at [phone],
ext. 259.
Sincerely,
c
mes C. Coffey, 91f
Solid Waste Section
cc: Wayne Sullivan, Municipal Engineering
Brent Rockett, DWM
Tim Jewett, DWM
Jim Patterson, DWM
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ FAX: [phone] \ Internet: www.enr.state.nc.us/
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY \ AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER — 50% RECYCLED / 10% POST CONSUMER PAPER

OPERATION/CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS
Municipal
Services
PO Box 97, Gamer, North Carolina 27529 [phone]
Mr. Jim Barber, Supervisor Permits
NC Solid Waste Section
NC DENR
401 Oberlin Road
CIVIL/SANITARY ENGINEERS
Engineering
Company, P.A.
PO Box 349, Boone, North Carolina 28607 [phone]
Raleigh, NC 27605 , •. 2003
Re: Permit Renewal for Cherokee County MSW Landfill
Dear Mr. Barber: e ��
I am writing on behalf of Cherokee County concerning the permite�,nI.fgr Phase 1 of
their MSW Landfill. In January of 1998, Phase 1 was permitted to operate for 5 years.
The permit to construct was issued for approximately 7 acres; however, approximately
5.5 acres were constructed because it was determined that the adjoining counties were
not going to dispose of their waste in the Cherokee County Landfill. According to a
survey that was completed in November of 2002, there is 1.9 years of life remaining in
Phase 1 as it was constructed. We are presently working on a Permit revision for
authorization to Construct Phase 2. Once permission is granted, the County will
construct the remainder of Phase 1 and Phase 2.
We expect to submit the permit to construct Phase 2 within two months; however, in the
meantime, the County is requesting permission to continue to operate Phase 1 as it was
permitted. Attached are plan sheets showing the existing conditions according to the
survey completed in November and the permitted contours. If you have any questions
or need additional information, please do not hesitate to call. We look forward to hearing
from you.
Sincerely yours,
MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING SERVICES CO., PA
�%1.1,
D. Wayne Sullivan
Project Manager
Enclosures
Copy: Mr. Robert Allen w/enclosures

May 8, 2003
Robert Allen
Solid Waste Director
Cherokee County
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
Re: Five-year Permit Review
Cherokee MSW Landfill
Permit No. 20-02
Dear Mr. Allen:
The Solid Waste Section has completed its review of the referenced permit. Cherokee
County may continue to operate Phase 1 of the landfill in accordance with the current conditions
of permit until November 30, 2004.
Operation of the grinding/mulching unit may also continue until November 30, 2004.
Operation shall be in accordance with approved plans and rules codified at 15A NCAC 13B
Sections .1403, .1404(a)(1-9), and .1406. The Section understands that this unit will be
relocated prior to construction of Phase 2 of the MSWLF. Application for relocation of the
mulching/grinding unit may be submitted along with the application to construct Phase 2. The
Section may require updates to the operation plan for the unit at that time.
If you have any questions or comments, please contact Sherri Coghill at [phone],
ext. 259.
Sincerely,
James C. Coffey, Chief
Solid Waste Section
cc: Wayne Sullivan, Municipal Engineering
Brent Rockett, DWM
Tim Jewett, DWM
Jim Patterson, DWM

North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Dexter R. Matthews, Director March 24, 2003
W.J. Block
Finance Officer
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
e��
NCDENR
Re: Local Government Financial Assurance Test
Cherokee County Landfill, Permits 20-01 and 20-02, Cherokee County
Dear Mr. Block:
The Solid Waste Section has approved your financial mechanism dated October 30, 2002
for closure, post -closure, and corrective action costs.
Cherokee County Landfill Permit
#20-01 (Old)
Cherokee County Landfill Permit
#20-02 (New)
Closure Costs $0.00 Closure Costs $664,558.00
Post Closure Costs $714,206.00 Post Closure Costs $968,914.00
Corrective Action $0.00 Corrective Action $0.00
Total $714,206.00 Total $1,633,472.00
Reminder: The deadline for submitting local government financial assurance tests is
November 1, 2003. Time extensions should be requested in writing. Local government
financial assurance tests should include a third party cost estimate for closure, post -
closure, and corrective action. The tests should reflect the estimated costs of the third
party and the current inflation rate.
Please contact me at [phone] ext.270 if you have any questions or concerns.
Sincerely,
Ja" � ynne Drummond
Compliance Officer
Solid Waste Section
cc: Cherokee County Solid Waste Director
Jim Patterson, Waste Management Specialist
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ FAX: [phone] \ Internet: www.ear.state.nc.us/
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY \ AFFHUATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER — 50% RECYCLED / 10% POST CONSUMER PAPER

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Department of Environment and Naty-al Resources
Division of Waste Management
Michael F. Easley, Governor NCDENR
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
October 21, 2003
Ms. JoAnn Huff
98 Burnt Branch Overlook Drive
Marble, N.C. 28905
Re: Cherokee County Municipal Solid Waste
Dear Ms. Huff,
First of all, thank you for relaying your concerns to Mr. Jim Patterson in our Asheville Regional Office.
Mr. Patterson is one of the Division of Waste Management's most experienced staff persons and
therefore has a great deal of responsibility. I can assure you that Mr. Patterson inspects the Cherokee
County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill facility frequently. However, he cannot be there every day. So
we do appreciate your diligent monitoring of the facility's daily operations.
In response to your recent complaint concerning odors emanating from the facility, Mr. Patterson
conducted a comprehensive audit of the facility on the morning of October 1, 2003. The comprehensive
audit includes a complete inspection of the facility water, gas and leachate collection monitoring
systems, waste screening, adequacy of waste cover, erosion and sedimentation control, file review,
access and safety requirements, and much more. Mr. Patterson reported that during his inspection of
the facility, which included walking the perimeter of the landfill, he was unable to smell any
objectionable odors. The only area he could smell odors was at the working face of the landfill. He
reported in his audit that Cherokee County is doing an excellent job of keeping the refuse covered. He
noted no violations on the landfill audit report at this facility during the inspection.
Once again, thank you for relaying your concerns to Mr. Jim Patterson in our Asheville Regional Office
If you have further questions or comments, please contact Jim Patterson at 828-251-6208, extension
209, or me 919-733-0692, extension 252. _ _ . - _ -- _ � - -
Sincerely,
Mark Poindexter
Field Operations
Solid Waste Section
c: James Coffey
Brent Rockett
James Patterson
Central File

North Carolina LT
Department of Environment and Natural Resources •
Division of Waste Management
Michael F. Easley, Governor
NCDENR
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
DexterR. Matthews, Director September 24, 2003
Cherokee County Solid Waste Dept.
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
RE: Water Quality Monitoring Requirements - Cherokee County Lined Landfill (Permit # 20-02)
Dear Mr. Allen:
Groundwater monitoring data for the Cherokee County lined landfill have identified Appendix I
contaminants in. samples from monitoring well MW-6s at concentrations greater than their
respective 2L groundwater standard. Solid Waste Management Rules 1 SA NCAC 13B requires
the initiation of assessment monitoring within 90 days under these circumstances (Rule .1634)
unless a demonstration can be provided that a source other than the landfill caused the
contamination [Rule .1633(c) (3)].
Therefore Cherokee County must fulfill the requirements of Rule .1634, or as allowed by Rule
.1633, provide the Solid Waste Section with a demonstration that the tttected contaminants
associated with MW-6s did not come from the landfill. 'a "'W,
Thank you for your cooperation. If you have any questions, please call me at [phone],
extension 257.
Sine ely,
Larry Rbse
Environmental Compliance
Solid waste Section
cc: Mark Poindexter - Head, Field Operations Branch
Brent Rockett - Western District Supervisor
Jim Patterson - Waste Management Specialist
Cheryl Marks - Hydrogeologist
Jonathan Pfohl - MESCO
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ FAX: [phone] \ Internet: www.enr.state.nc.us/
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY \ AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED / ] 0% POST CONSUMER PAPER

North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources` •
Division of Waste Management
Michael F. Easley, Governor
NCDENR
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
c o er 13, 2003
Mr. Jonathon Pfohl
Municipal Engineering Services Company, P.A.
PO Box 97
Garner, NC 27529
Re: Approval of Abandonment Procedures
Cherokee County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Phase 2 — Permit # 20-02
Marble, NC
Dear Mr. Pfohl:
The Solid Waste Section has received your letter dated October 9, 2003 regarding the
piezometer abandonment procedures for the Cherokee County MSW, Phase 2 to be
constructed in the future.
After review of this letter, the proposed abandonment procedures for the remaining 18
piezometers has been approved. Per -our conversation, it has been approved that five of
the wells located in the footprint of potential waste cells be abandoned via procedure #2
outlined in your letter. It was discussed that these piezometers will be abandoned after
the final subgrade has been established. The remaining 13 piezometers, located in the
buffer zone, will be abandoned using procedure 43 described in your letter.
If you have any questions, please fell free to call me at [phone] x346 or email me
at elizabeth.stewart(a ncmail.net.
Sincerely,
Elizabeth . Stewart
Hydrogeologist
Cc: Jim Patterson — Waste Management Specialist, Asheville Regional Office
Sherri Coghill — Engineer, DWM-Solid Waste Section
Jim Barber — Section Chief, DWM
File room
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ FAX: [phone] \ Internet: www.enr.state.nc.us/
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY \ AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED / 10% POST CONSUMER PAPER

North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1� ®® '
Division of Waste Management��
Michael F. Easley, Governor
NCDENR
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
August 29, 2003
Mr. Robert Allen
Cherokee County Solid Waste Director
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
Re: Review of Design Hydrogeological Report — Phase 2
Cherokee County MSW Landfill — Permit # 20-02
Marble, NC
Dear Mr. Allen:
The Solid Waste Section has reviewed the Design Hydrogeologic Report for Phase 2
submitted by Municipal Engineering Services Company, P.A. on May 6, 2003. Please
respond to the following concerns.
Text
1
Section 4.3 — Plate 5 displays the single day groundwater contours from October 18,
2002, not Plate 6. Correct and submit new page.
Section 5.2 — It is mentioned that P2-6S will be converted into MW-9. Submit new well
record for MW-9 after the conversion.
Section 5.4 — There are no details given about surface water monitoring point SW-1.
Give details about this monitoring point.
Section 6.0 — Make sure to submit abandonment records for P2-1, P2-2, P2-3, P2-4,
P2-61), P-6A and P-10 upon completion of abandonment.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ FAX: [phone] \ Internet: wtivw.enr.state.nc.us/
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY \ AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED / 10% POST CONSUMER PAPER

Tables
Table 1— The depth to water at 24 hours is stated differently from the field boring logs
for P2-1, P2-5S, P2-5D and P2-6D on Table 1. Correct numbers and submit new table.
Figures
Plates S, 6 and 7 — There are no proposed base grades on these figures. Place all existing
piezometers used in the original site suitability on the figures and indicate if they have
been abandoned or not. Place the proposed base grades and existing piezometers on
these figures and submit new figures.
Plate 8 — There is no line indicating where the proposed subgrade contour is located or
the line is not properly labeled on the cross -sections. Correct and submit new figure.
Appendix A
• On the Well Construction Records, where do the static water level numbers come
from? None of the static water level readings match the 24-hr recordings from the
field boring logs or the readings taken on July 12, 2002 from Table 1. Please check
these values and/or explain.
• Boring Log P2-2 — The elevation for ground surface and top of pipe are possibly
reversed. The stickup height for the top of pipe is a negative number. Correct and
submit new boring log.
Appendix B
On Table 5-2: Flow Rate Calculations in note #1, Plate 6 should read Plate 5. Correct
and submit new table.
Appendix E
• There is no mention of surface water sampling point SW-1, but it is shown on Plate
C. This monitoring point needs to be mentioned in the text.
• On page 6, the surface water sampling points are displayed on Plate C, not Plate A.
Correct and submit new page.
• Indicate on Plate A exactly where the leachate will be sampled. It is preferred that
the leachate be sampled as close to the waste as possible. Also label the leachate
lagoon.
• Submit the original monitoring plan for Phase 1. For future reference, the monitoring
plan should include the entire permitted facility. A list of all (both current and future)
groundwater monitoring wells, surface water monitoring points and the leachate
sampling locations should be included in the monitoring plan. This list should
indicate whether the monitoring locations are upgradient or downgradient and
upstream or downstream.

With the exception of the above comments, this report looks good. If there are any
questions or comments concerning this letter and/or would like to schedule a meeting,
please feel free to call me at [phone] extension 346.
S
Elizabeth R. Stewart
Hydrogeologist
Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
Cc: Jim Coffey — Section Chief, DWM-Solid Waste Section
Sherri Coghill — Engineer, DWM-Solid Waste Section
Jim Barber — Permitting Branch Head, DWM-Solid Waste Section
Jim Patterson — Waste Management Specialist, Asheville Regional Office
Kohei Yoshida — Municipal Engineering Services Company, P.A.

4j7i.r�.A=� W
NCDENR
NC t C HOUR DEPAFTTMCNT or
Ew RONMCNT mo NA URAL Rc.70URC[S
UNIT TYPE: (check all that apply 1
Lined X LCID YW
MSWLF
Closed HEW White
MSWLF goods
Collection
Date of Audit: 01/07/03
FACILITY COMPLIANCE AUDIT REPORT
Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
this audit with same Permit number
Transfer Compost SLAS COUNTY: Cherokee
Incin T&P FIRM PERMIT NO.: 20-02
ndustt;al— —DEmO —sDTI—-PILE-TYPE MPILIANCE
Landfill
Date of Last Audit: 10/09/02
FACILITY NAME AND ADDRESS:
Cherokee County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Highway 74
Marble, NC 28905
FACILITY CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER:
Robert Allen, Cherokee County Solid Waste Director
Telephone: [phone]
FACILITY CONTACT ADDRESS (IF DIFFERENT):
Robert Allen, Director
Cherokee County Solid Waste Department
c/o Cherokee County Courthouse
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
AUDIT PARTICIPANTS:
Jim Patterson, N.C. Solid Waste Section
Jeff Clark, Cherokee County Solid Waste Department
`:.'-A XS OF PERMIT:
Permit to operate issued on 01/09/98
PURPOSE OF AUDIT:
Comprehensive audit of municipal solid waste landfill and scrap tire collection site.
NOTICE OF VIOLATION(S) (citation and explanation):
No violations noted.
You are hereby advised that, pursuant to N.C.G.S. 130A-22, an administrative penalty of up to $5,000 per day may be assessed for each
violation of the Solid Waste Statute or Regulations. If the violation(s) noted here continue, you may be subject to enforcement actions
including penalties, injunction from operation of a solid waste management facility or a solid waste collection service and any such
further relief as may be necessary to achieve compliance with the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Act and Rules.
STATUS OF PAST NOTED VIOLATIONS (List all noted last audit):
N/A

Sion of Waste Management
Solidi Waste Section
OTHER COMMENTS /SUGGESTIONS:
(1) Landfill operation looks really good considering weather conditions.
(2) Small silt trap to left on landfill access road needs "cleaning" soon.
(3) Copy of last financial assurance documentation (Year 2002) needs to be on file at landfill office.
(4) Permit to operate expires on 01/09/03
Please contact me if you have any questions or concerns regarding this audit report.
4+� G �!/ (signature) Phone: [phone].
Regional Representative
Distribution: original sinned copy to facility -- signed copy to compliance officer — e-mail or copy to super
Delivered on : 01/13/03 by hand delivery X US Mail Certified No. lj
cc: Mark Poindexter
Brent Rockett

1TM
FACILITY COMPLIANCE AUDIT REPORT
NCDENRDivision of Waste Management
NORTH CAROM„A prpA„T„,E„T OF Solid. Waste Section
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
UNIT TYPE: (check all that. apply to this audit with same Permit number)<
Lined
X
LCID
YW
Transfer
Compost
SLAS
COUNTY:. Cherokee
MS WLF
PERMIT NO.: 20-02
Closed
HHW
white
Incin
T&r
x
FIRM
MS WLF
goods
FILE TYPE: COMPLIANCE
SD
T4eT8rP1
Tire—
—I,tdtts l
—DEMO
�>3T�
Collection
Mono611
Landfill
Date of Audit: 07/18/03 Date of Last Audit: 04/04/03
FACILITY NAME AND ADDRESS:
Cherokee County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Highway 74
Marble, NC 28905
FACILITY CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER:
Robert Allen, Cherokee County Solid Waste Director
Telephone: [phone]
FACILITY CONTACT ADDRESS (IF DIFFERENT):
Robert Allen, Director
Cherokee County Solid Waste Department
c/o Cherokee County Courthouse
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
AUDIT PARTICIPANTS:
Jim Patterson, N.C. Solid Waste Section
Jeff Clark, Cherokee County Solid Waste Department
STATUS OF PERMIT:
Active - Permit modification issued on May 19, 2003.
PURPOSE OF AUDIT:
Comprehensive audit of municipal solid waste landfill, scrap tire collection site inspection, and yard waste treatment
and processing site inspection.
NOTICE OF VIOLATIONS) (citation and explanation):
None
You are hereby advised that, pursuant to N.C.G.S. 130A-22, an administrative penalty of up to $5,000 per day may be assessed for each
violation of the Solid Waste Statute or Regulations. If the violation(s) noted here continue, you may be subject to enforcement actions
including penalties, injunction from operation of a solid waste management facility or a solid waste collection service and any such
further relief as may be necessary to achieve compliance with the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Act and Rules.
STATUS OF PAST NOTED VIOLATIONS (List all noted last audit):
N/A

--------- --- --
OTHER COMMENTS /SUGGESTIONS:
(1) Landfill has approximately 1 year of life remaining. Construction of a new landfill cell is scheduled to begin in
early fall of this year.
(2) Silt basin near leachate lagoon needs 'cleaning" soon.
�Re�oerds--l8ek goe .
(4) The treatment and processing area was included in the May 19, 2003 permit modification.
Please contact me if you have any questions or concerns regarding this audit report.
signature) Phone: [phone].
Regional Representative
Distribution: original signed copy to facility -- signed copy to compliance officer — e-mail or copy to super
Delivered on : 07/22/03 by hand delivery X US Mail Certified No. [�
cc: Mark Poindexter
Brent Rockett

1�
NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
FACILITY COMPLIANCE AUDIT REPORT
Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
UNIT TYPE:. (check all that apply to this audit with same Permit number
Lined
X
LCID
YW
Transfer
Compost
SLAS
COUNTY: Cherokee
MS WLF
PERMIT NO.: 20-02
Closed
HIN✓
White
Incin
T&P
FIRM
MS WLF
mods
—FILE TYPE -COMPLIANCE.
Cnr.
moire—
—Industrial—
—DEMO—
�DTF—
Collection
Monofill
Landfill
Date of Audit: 10/0 1/03
Date of Last Audit: 07/18/03
FACILITY NAME AND ADDRESS:
Cherokee County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Highway 74
Marble, NC 28904
FACILITY CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER:
Robert Allen, Cherokee County Solid Waste Director
Telephone: [phone]
FACILITY CONTACT ADDRESS (IF DIFFERENT):
Robert Allen, Director
Cherokee County Solid Waste Department
c/o Cherokee County Courthouse
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
AUDIT PARTICIPANTS:
Jim Patterson, N.C. Solid Waste Section
Jeff Clark, Cherokee County Solid Waste Department
STATUS OF PERMIT:
Active — Permit modification issued on May 19, 2003.
PURPOSE OF AUDIT:
Comprehensive audit of municipal solid waste landfill and inspection of scrap tire collection site.
NOTICE OF VIOLATIONS) (citation and explanation):
None
You are hereby advised that, pursuant to N.C.G.S. 130A-22, an administrative penalty of up to $5,000 per day may be assessed for each
violation of the Solid Waste Statute or Regulations. If the violation(s) noted here continue, you may be subject to enforcement actions
including penalties, injunction from operation of a solid waste management facility or a solid waste collection service and any such
further relief as may be necessary to achieve compliance with the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Act and Rules.
STATUS OF PAST NOTED VIOLATIONS (List all noted last audit):
N/A

;SPORT
Page 2 of 2
OTHER COMMENTS /SUGGESTIONS:
(1) I was unable to smell any objectionable odors around the landfill (reference — JoAnn Huff s email of 09/25/03).
(2) Operation looks good.
(3) The large silt basin below landfill dike needs cleaning soon.
Please contact me if you have any questions or concerns regarding this audit report.
(� L LdJ.i'✓' (signature) Phone: [phone].
Regional Representative
Distribution: original signed copy to facility -- signed copy to compliance officer — e-mail or copy to super
Delivered on : 10/06/03 by hand delivery X US Mail Certified No. j_J
cc: Mark Poindexter
Brent Rockett

North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources `� •
Division of Waste Management
Michael F. Easley,Governor NCDENR
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
November 21, 2003
Mr. Robert Allen
Solid Waste Director
Cherokee County
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
Re: Permit to Construct Application
Cherokee County MSWLF - Phase 2
Permit No. 20-02
Dear Mr. Allen:
The Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section (Section) has completed a
review of the engineering portion of the above referenced Permit to Construct application
submitted by Municipal Engineering Services on behalf of Cherokee County. The Section
Hydrogeologist will review the design hydrogeologic report and will send comments under
separate cover. The Section's review involved evaluating the application with respect to the
North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (15A NCAC 13B .1600). Based on this review,
the Section requests the following additional information.
Facility Plan
1. Provide property deed(s) and plat.
2. Relocate Yard Waste Treatment and Processing Area on facility plan drawings. Also,
ensure that all solid waste management units and infrastructure are indicated on
drawings.
3. Indicate whether capacity calculations for Phase 2 include volume of Phase 1 B.
Engineering Plan
4. Provide engineer's certification as required in .1620(b).
5. Provide drawing indicating vertical separation between top of subgrade (post settlement)
and seasonal high groundwater surface and bedrock.
6. Address .1624(b)(7)(A).
7. Revise test seam requirements to include tests for each member of the seaming crew
and include seam testing in the event of significant changes in geomembrane
temperature or weather conditions.
8. Provide copy of Sedimentation and Erosion Control Plan approval.
Operation Plan
9. . Revise text of waste screening plan to delete reference to baler
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ FAX: [phone] \ Internet: wv "v.ennstate.nc.us/
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY \ AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER — 50% RECYCLED / 10% POST CONSUMER PAPER

Mr. Allen
November 21, 2003
Page 2
10. Denote where random inspections will take place and specify frequency of inspection
(number of trucks or times per week).
11. Provide more detail in addressing Rule .1626 (1)(f)(iv) regarding contingencies for
m_ana g_emen t_o f_i.d e n t i f i e_d_ha z a r_d.o.0 s _and -liquid -waste s
2 A- id section to form on page 12-5-to note action taken when undesireditems are
encountered.
13. Address Rule .1626(8)(b).
14. Provide a discussion stormwater segregation practices to be used in Phase 2.
15. Provide for leachate sampling at location closer to landfill rather than from lagoon.
16. Discuss or provide drawings indicating progression of fill within Phase 2.
Closure/Post-Closure Plan
17. Address post -closure maintenance of groundwater monitoring and gas collection
systems. Revise post -closure cost estimates as necessary.
If you have any questions or comments regarding this correspondence, please contact me at
[phone], ext. 259.
Sincerely,
Sherri Cog i I
Permitting Engineer
Solid Waste Section
cc: Wayne Sullivan, MESCO
Brent Rockett,, DWM
Jim Patterson, DWM
Tim Jewett, DWM