2002_ROSCANS_1996

State of North Caro,,, .a
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources riLA
Division of Waste Management - �
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor ®� H N
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
December 19, 1996
Richard L. Honeycutt
Cherokee County Manager
201 Peachtree Street
Murphy, North Carolina 28906
Re: Proposed Cherokee County MSWLF
Permit Review
Mr. Honeycutt:
The Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section (Section) has completed the initial
review of the above referenced project. The following items must be provided or addressed in order
to continue the review process.
Revisions to the application must be made in accordance with 15A NCAC 1313 .1603(b).
1620(d)(2)(B) Critical conditions for engineering design are somewhat addressed in various
portions of the application, however, a concise summary of the assumptions, evaluations,
and conclusions should be provided in the engineering plan.
1620(d)(4) Please refer to the attached memorandum from Bobby Lutfy to Bill Sessoms for
hydrogeology comments.
1624(b)(10)(B)(ii) 8-inch collector lines within the cell should be extended to the edge of the
liner and fitted with cleanouts to provide access for periodic cleaning.
1628 Provide financial assurance mechanism documentation as indicated (Application - Section
8).
1629 Provide financial assurance mechanism documentation as indicated (Application - Section
8).
During the continuing review process, additional information may be required. Should any
additional information be required, you will be contacted by the Section.
If you have any questions or require any other assistance, please do not hesitate to
contact this office at [phone].
Thank you,
William D. Sessoms, PE
P.O. Box 27687, N%ICAn
FAX [phone]Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
Voice 919-733-4996 50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

Permit Application
Initial Review
Page 2
enclosure
copy: Jim Patterson - DWM
Wayne Greene - DWM
jinnny Woody, PE - Municipal Engineering
C:\SESSOMS\PROJECTS\CHEROKEE\LETTER.18

State of North Caroli, .
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
December 10, 1996
TO: Bill Sessoms
FROM: Bobby Lutfy 6_
e��
DEHNR
RE: Initial Hydrogeologic Review Of The Cherokee County
Phase 1 Design Hydrogeologic Study
The initial hydrogeologic review of the proposed Cherokee County
Phase 1 Design Hydrogeologic Study has been done. There are a
number of issues that need further evaluation and revision before
the hydrogeologic permit review can be continued. Please have the
County and their consultants respond to the following items:
PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT PHASE I
In section 1.1 of the Facility Report, the Geologic and
Hydrogeologic Summary are for Surry County rather than Cherokee
County.
DESIGN HYDROGEOLOGIC STUDY PHASE 1
Page 1 Four rock cores are reported. Typically, the geographic
setting of the rock cores should be representative of
uplands, slopes, and drainage areas in order to determine
if geologic structural influences result in different
degrees of rock fracturing. It appears that all four
rock cores were done in slope areas, and none are
representative of ridges or drainageways. Additional
cores may be needed in the vicinity of P-6 and P1-4.
Page 3 The statement regarding the rock core at P1-6 is
confusing. It seems to indicate that marble was
encountered from a depth of 103.5 to 107.5. However the
photo of core P1-6 on Plate 3 appears to show the change
from schist to marble about two-thirds of the way thru
the core run. And the boring log for P1-6 indicates a
metaquartzite intrusion rather than marble at the bottom
of the core.
RO. Box 27687, NO
FAX [phone]
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
Voice 919-733-4996 50% recycled/10% post -consumer paper

Memo: Bill Sessoms
Cherokee Phase 1 Design Study
Page 2
Table 1 For P-1 the top of rock elevation appears incorrect,
since it is higher than the ground surface elevation.
Some of the beginning and ending core intervals appear
ineerreGt €ter P1 1, 'D1--Viand—P-1=6—For P1-2 the initial
recovery value appears to be incorrect. Also for P1-2
the top of rock should be delineated by auger refusal, so
the elevation should be 1738.2. The incorrect initial
core interval for P1-6 resulted in the calculation of an
incorrect top of rock elevation.
Plate 4 There is no data to contour top of rock elevations for
areas west of P1-1 and east of P1-3. The auger refusal
elevation for P1-2 is 1738.2. What is the auger refusal
depth for P1-6? The top of rock contours are not drawn
accurately: For example, the rock elevation for P1-6 is
stated to be 1603.6, however the boring is located mid-
way between the 1600 and 1650 contour, rather than closer
to the 1600 contour. Many of the contours are
disproportionally located based upon the piezometer top
of rock elevation data (P1-1, P1-3, P1-4, P1-6, P1-7, and
P1-8). Should the 1650 contour lines around P1-5 and P-8
be connected with the 1650 line further upgradient?
Page 4 In the paragraph on SPT results, there is no SPT blow
count at depth in boring.Pl-7 for 38 bpf. (There is a
reading of 83 bpf, but it is in the silty sand, not the
clayey silt.)
Page 5 There are a couple of items that will make changes
necessary to the slug test data values: Some of the data
was not converted from ft/sec to cm/sec. Some of the
slug -in and slug -out data was not utilized. The values
and ranges of values in the text and the tables, the
calculations for average values, and the calculations of
ground -water flow velocities may all be affected by these
two items.
Page 6 In the first sentence of the paragraph on the Upper
Aquifer Regime, there is no reference to groundwater
occurring in the saprolite. What is the exact location
of the two springs referenced in this paragraph?

Memo: Bill Sessoms
Cherokee Phase 1 Design Study
Page 3
Page 6 What is the reason for adding two feet to the May/June
water elevation data to develop the seasonal high ground-
water elevations? On what basis was two feet determined
to he adequate to—ad-j-ust—f-or a=t-erm—seasonal high
water table variations?
Plate 7 On Page 6 it states: "Two feet were added to the highest
groundwater measured from May/June and used to develop
the seasonal high groundwater potentiometric contours on
Plate 711. This does not appear to be true for the P-5
piezometer. The 1645.9 foot elevation for P-5 does not
reflect a two foot adjustment to the highest May/June
reading or the highest historic reading (while drilling).
The projected high reading for P1-8 is less than the
reading taken "while drilling". Some of the contours are
also disproportionally located. For example, the P-8
piezometer, with an elevation of 1670.3, is located next
to the 1660 contour and is not near the 1670 contour.
Plate 8 On Page 6 it states: "Groundwater data obtained on
September 11, 1996, was used to prepare the groundwater
potentiometric map on Plate 811. However this does not
appear to be true. Some of the readings reflect a two
foot addition to the September llth readings, and some do
not reflect any relationship to, the September llth
readings. Some of the contours are disproportionally
located.
Table 3 There is only one set of relatively complete piezometer
water table readings. There are no readings from the
March/April time period that is generally the seasonal
high. What is the reason for the dry piezometers for the
9/11/96 readings for P1-1 and P1-6A, when previous
readings were from ten to eighteen feet above the bottom
of the screens? Additional complete sets of water table
readings are needed for all piezometers.
Table 4 There are several problems with Table 4: Why was the
lesser of two permeability values used for P1-3, P1-5,
and P-15, and the average of two permeability values used
for P1-4?
c

Memo: Bill Sessoms
Cherokee Phase 1 Design Study
Page 4
Table 4 (continued) It appears that permeability data for
borings not tested were interpreted from borings that
were tested. Why was 1.74E-04 chosen for borings in
sandy s l-t-,—r-athe-rthan—one o-f—sother—test val AC
reported for sandy silt? The porosity values tested for
piezometers P1-1, P1-5, P1-7, and P1-8 are not
representative of the formation materials of the screened
intervals. Therefore the effective porosity values need
to be re-evaluated for these piezometers and those
projected from these piezometers. The permeability
values for P-6, P-9, and P1-7 are noted to be "previously
determined by GAI Consultants". Provide documentation
for these permeability tests. Likewise provide
additional information and documentation for P-16. The
re-evaluation of the permeability values and effective
porosity values will also make it necessary to re-
calculate the Groundwater Flow Rates.
Page 7 As previously referenced, since some of the slug test
data was not converted from ft/sec to cm/sec, and some of
the slug -in and slug -out data was not utilized, the
values, averages, and range of values for permeability
and groundwater flow velocity will need to be revised in
the text and tables. For example, the 3.64E-7
permeability is in ft/sec rather than cm/sec.
Page 7 What is the evidence and documentation for the statement
that "Groundwater flowing through the fractured rock
exhibits no artesian pressure ..."? Since there are no
piezometer nests, I do not understand the basis for the
statement.
Page 7 What is meant by the statement: "The vertical extent of
groundwater will cease to exist"? This whole paragraph
is somewhat confusing.
Plate 9 Only one cross-section is through the footprint of the
disposal cell. Cross -sections need to be drawn downslope
through the middle of the cell and across slope through
the middle of the cell. The size and scale of the cross -
sections makes it difficult to interpret the data.
t

Memo: Bill Sessoms
Cherokee Phase 1 Design Study
Page 5
Plate 9 (continued) The vertical scale (as well as the
horizontal scale) for the cross -sections needs to be a
standard engineering scale in order to make the
informati silt' inte-r-preted 1 larger ver cal seale
would be better. The auger refusal depths should be used
to establish top of rock.
GROUNDWATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM
Page 8 The proposed upgradient monitoring well (well 1) is
stated to be "planned to intersect the upper most aquifer
flowing south through the regolith". However, Plate A
shows well 1 in a location on the north side of the ridge
line. Also, it may not be possible to establish a
regolith well that intersects the water table at this
location.
Page 8 The proposed monitoring well for the leachate lagoon:
The potentiometric contours are based upon very limited
data points. Based upon topography and the flow
direction of the Valley River, I would expect flow to be
more to the south, rather than the southeast. Either
additional investigation of ground -water flow is needed
in the vicinity of the leachate lagoon, or alternative
monitoring and/or multiple monitoring wells may be
necessary.
Page 8 More detailed information is needed to explain the
reasons for the number, location, and design of the
proposed monitoring wells, based upon site hydrogeology
and cell design. Proposed MW-6 appears to be too far
west to be an effective monitoring location for Phase 1.
Well nests are generally required at the more critical
monitoring locations.
Page 8 The top of screen is proposed to be only three feet below
ground surface for well MW-3. In order to avoid surface
water infiltration, the top of screen should never be
shallower than five feet below the ground surface, nor
should the sand filter pack ever be shallower than four
feet below the ground surface.

Memo: Bill Sessoms
Cherokee Phase 1 Design Study
Page 6
Plate B Note that a maximum of one foot of sand filter pack is
allowed below the screen, but less is preferred. It is
desirable to have the bottom of the well screen as close
Visible to the bo om—of the —boring, especially y if
the screen is just above rock or a confining unit (or a
less permeable unit). A thicker concrete pad is
preferred, and the top of the pad should be sloped so as
to shed surface water away from the well head.
Page 9 The reasons for the two proposed surface water sampling
locations are not clear. Neither location appears to be
effective for detecting a potential release from Phase 1.
Appendix A
Borings P1-2, P1-3, P1-6, and P1-7 reference "Drag Bit
Refusal". What is a "Drag Bit" and what is "Drag Bit
Refusal". Boring P1-2 references both "Auger Refusal"
and "Drag Bit Refusal". What is the difference?
Generally Auger Refusal or a SPT blow count of 50/2 is
used in Hydrogeologic Studies to delineate top of rock.
There are some small discrepancies between the ground
surface elevation levels reported on the Boring Logs and
those reported in Table 3 for P-14 and P-15.
Piezometers P1-2, 3, 3A, 4A, 5, 6A, 7A, 8, and 15A are
constructed in a manner that is not in compliance with
the N.C. Well Construction Standards. 15A NCAC 2C .0108
(c) (2) (C) requires that "Grout shall be placed in the
annular space between the casing and the borehole from
land surface to the clay seal above the packing
material". Because of the improper construction of these
piezometers, when it is time to abandon them it will be
necessary to drill the borings out to remove the soil
cuttings and then properly grout up the boreholes. The
improperly constructed piezometers also raise questions
about the validity of some of the ground -water and
hydrologic data generated from these piezometers.
No Piezometer Construction Records have been provided for
the earlier installed piezometers, P-1 thru P-16.
ti.

Memo: Bill Sessoms
Cherokee Phase 1 Design Study
Page 7
Appendix B
- The "Hydrologic Properties At Monitoring Well Locations"
sheet that oe-n7s Append!-Y_8 is the same as; Table 4.
Refer to the comments made above for Table 4.
The "Calculation Sheet" for "Hydrologic Properties Of
Lithologic Units" is based on incomplete and incorrect
data. Refer to previous comments for Page 5, Page 7, and
Table 4.
Documentation needs to be provided for "The permeability
of the unit of clayey silt" "previously determined by GAI
Consultants".
- In my review of the effective porosity calculations using
the Figure 4.11 Specific Yield Triangles, my calculations
were slightly different from those presented. The
calculation for the 15.5 depth sample of P1-1 appears
significantly different. Please check the calculations.
As previously referenced in the comments for Table 4,
there are several piezometers for which no representative
calculations were made (based on the formation materials
for the screened intervals).
There are no references in the Study to the hydrographs
or precipitation tables provided in the back of Appendix
B. If the USGS well and hydrographs are to be used in
the evaluation of long-term seasonal high water table,
then additional documentation is needed. What is the
exact location, aspect, geologic setting, and design of
the USGS well? Likewise, document how the precipitation
data is being used. Why does the precipitation data only
go through January 1963?
SAMPLING / ANALYSIS PLAN
Page 1 For the "Proposed Groundwater Monitoring System", refer
to earlier comments in this memo.
Page 4 Plastic bailers are not approved for sampling. Bailers
must be made of high grade stainless steel or Teflon.

Memo: Bill Sessoms
Cherokee Phase 1 Design Study
Page 8
Page 7 Equipment blanks are necessary when using disposable or
non -disposable bailers.
Table 1 Vinyl aGet-ate—and !,2,3rrc-l-_'1or-epr-
Table 1. On the first page of Table 1 these two
constituents are out of order and have incorrect PQLs.
Plate A Refer to previous comments on Plate A and Plate B.
FURTHER COMMENTS BASED UPON RULE .1623
(b)(1)(A) A table should be provided that shows the following
vertical separation information for each boring location:
piezometer number, ground surface elevation, long-term
seasonal high water table elevation, top of bedrock
elevation, and proposed base grade elevation.
(a)(4)(E) A table should be provided that shows the following
information for each lithologic unit (hydrogeologic unit)
of the uppermost aquifer: saturated hydraulic
conductivity, (total) porosity, and effective porosity.
Documentation should be provided on what data (and from
which piezometers) was used in generating the
representative data used in this table.
(a)(7)(A) A table should be provided that shows the following water
table elevations for each piezometer: time of boring, 24
hours, and stabilized readings.
(a)(7)(C) Additional evaluation and documentation is needed on the
projection of long-term seasonal high water table
elevations for each piezometer location.
(a)(8) There is virtually no information on the vertical
dimension of ground -water flow. Laboratory permeability
measurements are needed from relatively undisturbed
samples representative of the various lithologic units of
the uppermost aquifer. Nested piezometers are needed at
various locations to identify the vertical dimension of
ground -water flow.

Memo: Bill Sessoms
Cherokee Phase 1 Design Study
Page 9
(b)(2)(G) There is no "three dimensional ground -water flow net" or
"hydrogeologic cross -sections that characterize the
vertical ground -water flow regime". Generally a minimum
of five pieznmeter nes_ts_arrang_ed—loncf two z erpendi _ 11 ar
lines are needed in order to provide hydrogeologic cross -
sections that characterize vertical flow.
(b)(2)(H) Piezometer nests are needed at various locations in order
to characterize the vertical dimension of ground -water
flow and identify ground -water recharge areas and
discharge areas.
(3)(A)(ii) A more detailed evaluation and discussion is needed
of the "geologic and hydrogeologic criteria used to
determine the number, spacing, location, and screen
depths of proposed monitoring wells".
The most critical problem with the Design Hydrogeologic Study is
the lack of hydrologic characterization of the vertical dimension
of ground -water flow. Additional nested piezometers will need to
be installed in order to obtain this information. The consultant
should evaluate existing data and determine what additional
information is needed in order to characterize vertical flow, the
hydrologic characteristics of each lithologic unit (hydrogeologic
unit), etc. in order to ensure that all additional information
still needed is obtained during the next mobilization. The County
and their consultant should meet with the Solid Waste Section to
discuss our initial review of the Construction Plan Application
prior to doing additional field investigation.

SECTION 5.0
OPERATION
PLAN
93069-26 CHS I V05196 238

5.1 Introduction of
F
Cherokee County Landfill will only accept Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) from the area known
as Cherokee County. Cherokee County will construct a 7.0 acre Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
(Phase 1) according to Subtitle D requirements. The facility will be constructed with 24 inches of
cohesive soil (permeability of 1 x 10-7 cm/sec), 60 mil High Density Polyethylene liner (HDPE),
36 inches of protective cover over n-er-and- leachate-collection-system which has a leaehator
pump system and is pumped to the leachate lagoon.
The perimeter of the lined area will be marked off by 3 inch PVC pipe that will be placed in the
anchor trenches. Solid waste will not be placed within four (4) feet of this boundary to assure
that it is being placed directly above the liner system so that no leachate can flow outside of this
area. The lined area will be divided by a berm that will segregate area for solid waste and where
stormwater is to be diverted as runoff. Wv,,_, r,. c" ;t r
a
The diversion of stormwater is accomplished by the installation of a 60 mil HDPE liner connected
to the main leachate collection lines. This liner acts as its own lagoon and the rain that falls onto
the unused portion of the landfill is discharged as stormwater. This water never comes in contact
with solid waste. Phase 1 is broken up into three cells, divided by the main leachate collection
lines.
The initial lift of solid waste will be placed over cell 1 that is bounded by the leachate collection
ditch. This lift will be covered with six (6) inches of daily cover. This lift will absorb the rain
water and allow some of it to evaporate prior to reaching the leachate collection system. When a
heavy rain does occur, the impact on the leachate collection system will not be immediate. Prior
to placement of solid waste over any leachate pipe, the geotextile fabric that is covering the stone
will be folded back so that solid waste will be in direct contact with the stone. This method will
not allow biological growth to develop on the geotextile which could eventually clog the system.
The initial lift of solid waste will be placed loosely at a depth of 8 feet. As this lift is being placed,
a spotter should be placed in the landfill to assure that the compactor does not drive any long,
sharp objects through the protective cover into the liner system. If an object were to penetrate
the liner system, the protective cover must be removed and the penetration repaired. The
subsequent lifts can be placed up to final grades or until the diversion berm needs to be moved to
cell 2 which will allow for more horizontal space.
All stormwater that comes in contact with solid waste will be handled as leachate. The leachate is
collected and held in the leachate lagoon. The leachate is pumped from the landfill using the
leachator pumping system. The leachate is pumped into a dual contained 3" force main to the
leachate lagoon.
Leachate will be treated at the Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant. The leachate will have to
be tested according to the pretreatment conditions outlined in the pre-treatment agreement.
Tanker trucks will transport the leachate to the treatment plant.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 239

The leachate will be pumped out of the leachate lagoon into the tanker trucks. The pumping of
leachate will be on an as needed basis. During wet weather, the pump and hauling may have to be
done 24 hours a day for several days or until the leachate lagoon levels have been reduced. On
the other hand, during dry weather, leachate may not have to be hauled for several days at a time.
Leachate will be recirculated. (See Appendix IV) Y01,t 1-6
Daily cover will be the combination of soil and synthetic cover. The synthetic cover will be used
on days that the next days fill will be placed directly on top of the fill. Soil cover will be used
when the next day's waste will not be placed directly on top or the synthetic cover is not large
enough to cover the entire area. (See cover requirements under operational requirements).
The County has implemented a program at the landfill for detecting and preventing the disposal of
hazardous and liquid wastes. The program consists of random inspection of incoming loads at a
minimum of 1% of the weekly traffic. Landfill personnel have been trained to recognize
hazardous and liquid wastes. Records shall be kept on the training and the inspections. (See
Appendix I).
The County of Cherokee shall monitor for explosive gases at landfill structures and the perimeter
of the landfill. The concentration of methane gases generated by the landfill cannot exceed 25
percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in the structures, and it cannot exceed 100
percent of the lower explosive limit for methane of the landfill property boundary. (See Appendix
III) If methane gas is found to exceed the acceptable limits at either the property boundary or
landfill structures, it is the County's responsibility to do the following:
Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health, i.e. no
smoking, temporarily abandon the structure and notify the Division of Solid Waste
Management.
2. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels
detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
3. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas releases,
place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division of Solid Waste
management that the plan has been implemented. The plan shall describe the nature and
extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.
Off and on site erosion shall be controlled through erosion control structures and devices.
Provisions for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion shall be accomplished
within 30 working days or 120 calendar days upon completion of any phase of landfill
development.
The County of Cherokee will record and retain at the landfill an operating record of the following
information:
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 240

(1) Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures;
(2) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill.
(3) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
(4) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or analytical data
required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
(5) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post -closure;
(6) Amy cost estimates and financial assurance documr,11LUUM1.
All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to the Division of
Solid Waste Management or be made available at all reasonable times for inspection by the
Division.
Ground and surface water shall be sampled and analyzed according to Subtitle D Appendix I
detection monitoring requirements. The monitoring frequency for all Appendix I detection
monitoring constituents shall be at least semiannual during the life of the facility (including
closure) and the post -closure period. A minimum of four independent samples from each well
(background and downgradient) shall be collected and analyzed for the Appendix I constituents
during the first semiannual sampling event. At least one sample from each well (background and
downgradient) shall be collected and analyzed during subsequent semiannual sampling events.
If the County of Cherokee determines that there is a statistically significant increase over
background for one or more of the constituents listed in Appendix I at any monitoring well at the
relevant point of compliance, the County shall, within 14 days of the finding, report to the
Division of Solid Waste and place a notice in the operating record indicating which constituents
have shown statistically significant changes from background levels. The County shall establish
an assessment monitoring program within 90 days. The County may demonstrate that a source
other than the landfill caused the contamination or that the statistically significant increase resulted
from an error in sampling, analysis, statistical evaluation, or natural variation in ground -water
quality. A report documenting these demonstrations shall be certified by a Licensed Geologist or
Professional Engineer and approved by the Division of Solid Waste. A copy of this report shall be
placed in the operating record. If a successful demonstration is made, documented, and approved
by the Division, the County may continue detection monitoring. If after 90 days, a successful
demonstration is not made, the County shall initiate an assessment monitoring program.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 241

5.2 Operational Requirements
Waste Acceptance and Disposal Requirements
a.
The Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) will only accept those solid wastes
which it is permitted to receive. Cherokee County will notify the Division within
24 hours of attempted disposal of any waste the landfill is not permitted to receive.
Signs are placed at both entrances to the Landfill stating that Hazardous and
Liquid wastes are not accepted and that random waste screening is performed.
b. The following wastes are prohibited from disposal at the MSWLF:
Hazardous waste as defined within 15A NCAC 13A, to also include
hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators.
ii. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761.
iii. Bulk or non -containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill
unless:
(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill.
iv. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally found
in household waste;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than storage; or
(iii) The waste is household waste.
v. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain
"free liquids" as defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test), S. W.
846.
C. Spoiled foods, animal carcasses, abattoir waste, hatchery waste, and other animal
waste delivered to the disposal site shall be covered immediately.
d. Friable Asbestos waste shall not be accepted.
e. Wastewater treatment sludges may be accepted either as a soil conditioner
incorporated into or applied onto vegetative growth layer but in no case greater
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 242

than six inches in depth. Or wastewater treatment sludges may be co -disposed in
the lined area.
f. Cherokee County will continue a program at the Landfill for detecting and
preventing the disposal of hazardous and liquid wastes. (Appendix I) This
program will include, at a minimum:
Random inspections of incoming loads or other comparable procedures;
ii. Records of any inspections;
iii. Training of facility personnel to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes.
iv. Development of a contingency plan to properly manage any identified
hazardous and liquid wastes. The plan must address identification,
removal, storage and final deposition of the waste.
g. Waste placement shall be within the areal limits of the base liner system and in a
manner consistent with the effective permit.
2. Cover material requirements
a. Except as in Part (b), Cherokee County must cover disposed solid waste with six
inches of earthen material at the end of each operating day, or at more frequent
intervals if necessary, to control disease vectors, fires, odors blowing litter, and
scavenging.
b. Alternative materials such as synthetic cover may be used as daily cover on the
working face or until it is necessary to cover with earthen material. The alternative
material must be approved by the Division of Solid Waste and applied according
to manufacturers recommendations. (Appendix II)
C. Areas which will not have additional wastes placed on them for 12 months or
more, but where final termination of disposal operations has not occurred, shall be
covered with a minimum of one foot of intermediate cover.
3. Disease vector control
a. Cherokee County will prevent or control on -site populations of disease vectors
using techniques appropriate for protection of human health and the environment.
b. "Disease vectors" means any rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other animals,. including
insects, capable of transmitting disease to humans.
93069-26 CHS I U05/%
243

4. Explosive gases control
a. Cherokee County must ensure that:
i. The concentration of methane gas generated by the landfill does not exceed
25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in landfill structures
(excluding gas control or recovery system components); an
ii. The concentration of methane gas does not exceed 100 percent of the
lower explosive limit for methane at the landfill property boundary.
b. Cherokee County will implement a routine methane monitoring program to ensure
that the standards of 4 (a) are met. (Appendix III)
The type and frequency, of monitoring must be determined based on the
following factors:
I. Soil conditions;
II. The hydrogeologic conditions surrounding the facility;
III. The hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility;
IV. The location of facility structures and property boundaries.
ii. The minimum frequency of monitoring shall be quarterly.
C. If methane gas levels exceeding the limits specified in 4 (a) are detected, the owner
or operator will:
Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health,
i.e. no smoking, temporarily abandon the structure and notify the Division
of Solid Waste Management.
ii. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane
gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human
health; and
iii. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane
gas releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the
Division of Solid Waste Management that the plan has been implemented.
The plan shall describe the nature and extent of the problem and the
proposed remedy.
93069@6 CHS 11/05/96 244

d. "Lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of
explosive gases in air that will propagate a flame at 25' C and atmospheric
pressure.
5. Air Criteria
a. Cherokee i censure that thet— violate— an
requirements developed under a State Implementation Plan (S1P) approved or
promulgated by the US. EPA Administrator pursuant to Section 110 of the Clean
Air Act, as amended.
b. Open burning of solid waste, except for the infrequent burning of land clearing
debris generated on site or debris from emergency clean-up operations, is
prohibited. Any such infrequent burning will be approved by the Division of Solid
Waste Management.
C. Equipment will be provided to control accidental fires or arrangements will be
made with the local fire protection agency to immediately provide fire -fighting
services when needed.
d. Fires that occur at the landfill will be reported to the Division of Solid Waste
Management within 24 hours and written notification will be submitted within 15
days.
6. Access and safety requirements
a. The landfill will be adequately secured by means of gates, chains, beams, fences
and other security measures approved by the Division of Solid Waste Management
to prevent unauthorized entry.
b. An attendant will be on duty at the site at all times while it is open for public use to
ensure compliance with operational requirements.
C. The access road to the site will be of all-weather construction and maintained in
good condition.
d. Dust control measures will be implemented when necessary.
e. Signs providing information on tipping or disposal procedures, the hours during
which the site is open for pubic use, the permit number and other pertinent
information will be posted at the site entrance.
f. Signs will be posted stating that no hazardous or liquid waste can be received.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 245

g. Traffic signs or markers will be provided as necessary to promote an orderly traffic
pattern to and from the discharge area and to maintain efficient operating
conditions.
h. The removal of solid waste from the landfill will be prohibited unless the County
approves and the removal is not performed on the working face
Barrels and drums will not be disposed of unless they are empty and perforated
sufficiently to ensure that no liquid or hazardous waste is contained therein, except
fiber drums containing asbestos.
7. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Requirements
a. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized to
prevent silt from leaving the landfill.
b. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized to
prevent excessive on -site erosion.
C. Provisions for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be
accomplished within 30 working days or 120 calendar days upon completion of
any phase of landfill development.
8. Drainage Control and Water Protection Requirements
a. Surface water will be diverted from the operational area.
b. Solid waste will not be disposed of in water.
C. Leachate will be contained on site and properly treated prior to discharge.
d. The landfill will not:
(1) Cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States, including
wetlands, that violates any requirements of the Clean Water Act, including,
but not limited to, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) requirements pursuant to Section 402.
(ii) Cause the discharge of a nonpoint source of pollution to waters of the
United States, including wetlands, that violates any requirements of an
area -wide or state-wide water quality management plan that _has been
approved under Section 208 or 319 of the Clean Water Act, as amended.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 246

9. Liquids Restriction
a. Bulk or non -containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derivedoir thelandfill.
b. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally found in
household waste;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than storage; or
(iii) The waste is household waste.
C. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain "free
liquids" as defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test), S. W. 846.
d. Test for free liquids:
Sludges or other wastes may be tested for free liquids after previous screening
tests have shown that the waster is not hazardous and does not contain PCB's.
The specified test to determine whether or not a material is considered to be a
liquid is the Paint Filter Test method 9095. The procedure for conducting this test
is as follows:
(i) Obtain standard 400- micron paint filter;
(ii) Place a properly -sized, clean, dry funnel in a ring stand or similar
device;
(iii) Fold the filter and line the funnel with it;
(iv) Place a 100 ml sample of waste into the funnel;
(v) Place a clean, dry container under the funnel; and,
(vi) Check in exactly 5 minutes to see if any liquid is in the container.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 247

(vii) If any liquid passes through the filter in 5 minutes or less, the waste is
considered to be a liquid. The filtrate can be water, oil or any combination
of any non -hazardous liquids.
10. Recordkeeping Requirements
a. Cherokee County MSWLF will record and retain at the facility, or an alternative
location near the facility approved by the Division of Solid Waste Management, in
an operating record the following information as it becomes available.
(i) Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures;
(ii) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill to include source
of gen:;ration.
(iii) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
(iv) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or analytical
data required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
(v) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post -
closure; and,
(vi) Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation.
b. All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to
the Division of Solid Waste Management or be made available at all reasonable
times for inspection by the Division.
C. Cherokee County will maintain a copy of the operation plan at the landfill.
11. Spreading and Compacting Requirements
a. The landfill will restrict solid waste into the smallest area feasible, typically 60' x
75' area.
b. Solid waste will be compacted as densely as practical into cells.
C. Appropriate methods such as fencing and diking will be provided within the area to
confine solid waste subject to be blown by the wind. At the conclusion of each
day of operation, all windblown material resulting from the operation will be
collected and returned to the area. _
93069-26 CHS 11/05.!96 248

12. Leachate Management Plan
a. Cherokee County will periodically maintain the leachate collection system.
b. Cherokee County will maintain records for the amount of leachate generated.
C. Cherokee eounty wiH quality sample-their-leachate- -
d. The leachate is being treated by the Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment
Plant.
e. Under extreme operational conditions Cherokee has the option of shutting down
the flow of leachate to the lagoon by use of a shut off valve. The leachate will be
temporarily stored within the MSWLF units until such a time the flow of leachate
can continue to the lagoon.
f Leachate will be recirculated. (See Appendix IV)
93069-26 CHS 11105196 249

5.3 Appendix I
A. INTRODUCTION
The municipal solid waste stream is made up of wastes from all sectors of society. The
waste is often categorized by its source or its characteristics. Terms used include
commercial, industrial, residential, biomedical, hazardous, household, solid, liquid,
demolition/construction, sludge, etc. Regardless of how one classifies wastes, the bottom
line is that wastes are delivered to the landfill and a management decision must be made to
either reject or accept them. This responsibility rests with the manager of the landfill.
Wastes which are not authorized to be accepted at the landfill create a number of potential
problems including: (1) liability due to future releases of contaminants; (2) bad publicity if
media learns of unacceptable waste entering the landfill; (3) potential for worker injury;
(4) exposure to civil or criminal penalties; (5) damage to landfill environmental control
systems.
B. HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
In the United States, hazardous waste is regulated under RCRA, Subtitle C. A waste is
hazardous if it is listed as a hazardous waste by the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 261, or if it
meets one or more of the hazardous waste criteria as defined by EPA. These criteria are:
• Ignitability
• Corrosivity
• Reactivity
• Toxicity
1. Ignitability
Ignitable waste is a waste that burns readily, causes a fire by friction under normal
circumstances, or is an oxidizer. Any waste having a flash point of <14017 falls in this
category. Flash point is that temperature at which a liquid gives off vapors that will ignite
when an open flame is applied. Under Department of Transportation (DOT) definitions, a
flammable liquid has a flash point of >100 F. A combustible liquid has a flash point
between 100 and 200 F. Therefore, a flammable liquid is always hazardous while a
combustible liquid may or may not be hazardous depending upon its flash point.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 250

2. Corrosivity
A corrosive waste is one having a very high or a very low pH. The pH of a liquid is a
measure of how acidic or basic (alkaline) the material is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to
14. High numbers are basic and low numbers are acidic. A substance having a pH <2.0 or
>12.5 is defined as hazardous under RCRA.
3. Reactivity
A waste is reactive if it is normally unstable: reacts violently with water; forms an
explosive mixture with water, contains quantities of cyanide or sulfur that could be
released to the air; or can easily be detonated or exploded. These wastes may fall into any
one of several DOT categories.
4. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
A waste is TCLP toxic if the concentration of any constituent in Table 1 exceeds the
standard assigned to that substance. The TCLP is a methodology which attempts to
simulate the conditions within a landfill. An acidic solution is passed through a sample of
waste and the resultant "leachate" is analyzed for contaminants. The TCLP is designed to
detect heavy metals, pesticides and a few other organic and inorganic compounds. The
purpose of the test is to prevent groundwater contamination by highly toxic materials.
TCLP tests the mobility of 40 different elements and compounds.
Except in certain specified circumstances, regulated quantities of hazardous waste must be
disposed of at a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility. In accordance with 40 CFR
Part 261.3, any material contaminated by a hazardous waste is also deemed to be a
hazardous waste and must be managed as such. RCRA permits are also required
to store, transport, and treat hazardous waste.
C. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL'S (PCBs)
1. Introduction
PCBs are nonflammable and conduct heat without conducting electricity. These
compounds were most frequently used as an additive to oil or other liquids in situations
where heat was involved. The PCBs enhance the heat conducting properties of the liquid
and thereby increase the heat dissipation or cooling effect obtained. They have also been
used in lubricants and paint. In the United States one of the most common applications
was in electric transformers. The only effective method for destroying PCBs is high
Temperature incineration which is relatively expensive due to a shortage of PCB
incineration capacity.
9M69.26 CHS 11/05/96 251

T.CLE CONSTITUENTS & REGULATORYLEVELS (mg/L)
CONSTITUENT
REG LEVEL
CONSTITUENT
REG LEVEL
Arsenic
5.0
Hexachlorobenzene
0.13
Barium
100
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene
0.5
Benzene
0.5
Hexachloroethane
3.0
Cadmium
1.0
Lead
5.0
Carbon Tetrachloride
0.5
Lindane
0.4
Chlordane
0.03
Mercury
0.2
Chlorobenzene
100
Methoxychlor
10.0
Chloroform
6,0
Methyl ethyl ketone
200
Chromium
5.0
Nitrobenzene
2.0
m-Cresol
200
Pentachlorophenol
100
o-Cresol
200
Pyridine
5.0
p-Cresol
200
Selenium
1.0
Cresol
200
Silver
5.0
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
10.0
Tetrachloroethylene
0.7
1,2-Dichloroethane
0.7
Toxaphene
0.5
1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.5
Trichloroethylene
0.5
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid
0.7
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
400
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
0.13
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2.0
Endrin
0.02
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
1.0
Heptachlor (and its
hydroxide)
0.008
Vinyl Chloride
0.2
TABLE 1
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 252

By law PCB's are no longer used as dielectrics in transformers and capacitors
manufactured after 1979. There are many millions of pounds of PCBs still in use or in
storage. One example is the ballasts used in fluorescent light fixtures. It has been
estimated that there are between 0.5 million and 1.5 billion ballasts currently in use in this
country. Due to the long life of these units, about half of these may be of pre-1979
manufacture and contain PCBs. Since each ballast contains about one ounce of nearly
paie PCB fluid, there we about 20-tu-3t-million pounds of PCBs in existing lighL1111g
fixtures. These items are not the subject to RCRA Subtitle D Waste Screening!
Commercial or industrial sources of PCB wastes that should be addressed by the program
include:
• Mineral oil and dielectric fluids containing PCBs;
• Contaminated soil, dredged material, sewage sludge, rags, and other debris from a
release of PCBs;
• Transformers and other electrical equipment containing dielectric fluids; and
Hydraulic machines.
2. PCB Regulatory Requirements
As contrasted to hazardous wastes, the Toxic Substance Control Act regulates PCBs
based on the concentration of PCBs in the waste rather than the source or characteristic of
the waste. The regulations concerning PCB disposal are spelled out in 40 CFR Part 761.
Subtitle D of RCRA merely requires that PCB waste not be disposed in a MSW landfill.
PCB management requirements include:
Waste containing more than 500 ppm of PCBs must be incinerated. Waste containing from
50 to 500 ppm must be disposed of by incineration, approved burning, or in chemical
waste landfill permitted to receive such wastes. The regulations are silent concerning
wastes containing less than 50 ppm of PCBs; however, the regulations cannot be
circumvented by diluting stronger wastes.
D. FUNDAMENTALS OF WASTE SCREENING
1. Know Your Generators and Haulers
Since the level of sophistication of your waste screening program will be a reflection of
the likelihood of hazardous waste and PCB waste being in your incoming waste,
knowledLye of the commercial industrial base of vour service area is critical. Some
examples are the automotive industry, which generates solvents, paint wastes, lead acid
batteries, grease and oil; the dry cleaning industry, which may generate filters containing
dry cleaning solvents; metal platers which generate heavy metal wastes; and other
93069-26 CHS 11/05'96 253

industries which generate a variety of undesirable wastes; e.g. chemical and related
products, petroleum refining, primary metals, electrical and electronic machinery, etc.
Landfill managers should also know the haulers and trucks serving the businesses in their
community which are likely to carry unacceptable wastes.
Some local governments and solid waste management agencies have enacted legislation
requiring haulers to provide a manifest showing the customers whose wastes make up that
particular load. Such a manifest is an extremely useful tool when a load is found to
contain prohibited wastes. It is unwise to accept wastes from unknown, unlicensed, or
othenvise questionable haulers.
2. Inspections
An inspection is typically a visual observation of the incoming waste loads by an individual
who is trained to identify regulated hazardous or PCB wastes that would not be
acceptable for disposal at the MSWLF unit. The training of landfill personnel will be
conducted by a local EMS official. An inspection is considered satisfactory if the
inspector knows the nature of all materials received in the load and is able to discern
whether the materials are potentially regulated hazardous wastes or PCB wastes.
Ideally, all loads should be screened; however, it is generally not practical to inspect in
detail all incoming loads. Random inspections, therefore, can be used to provide a
reasonable means to adequately control the receipt of inappropriate wastes. Random
inspections are simply inspections made on less than every load. At a minimum the
inspection frequency shall not be less than one percent of the waste stream.
The frequency of random inspections may be based on the type and quantity of wastes
received daily, and the accuracy and confidence desired in conclusions drawn from
inspection observations. Because statistical parameters are not provided in the regulation,
a reasoned, knowledge -based approach may be taken. A random inspection program may
take many forms such as inspecting every incoming load one day outof every month or
inspecting one or more loads from transporters of wastes of unidentifiable nature each
day. If these inspections indicate that unauthorized wastes are being brought to the
MSWLF site, the random inspection program should be modified to increase the
frequency of inspections.
Inspection priority also can be given to haulers with unknown service areas, to loads
brought to the facility in vehicles not typically used for disposal of municipal solid waste,
and to loads transported by previous would-be offenders. For wastes of unidentifiable
nature received from sources other than households (e.g., industrial or commercial
establishments), the inspector should question the transporter about the
source/composition of the materials.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 254

Loads should be inspected prior to actual disposal of the waste at the working face of the
landfill unit to provide the County the opportunity to refuse or accept the wastes.
Inspections can be conducted on a tipping floor located near the facility scale, house, inside
the site entrance, or near, or adjacent to, the working face of the landfill unit.
An inspection flow chart to identify, accept, or refuse solid waste is provided as Figure 1.
Inspections of materials may be accomplished by discharging the vehicle load in an area
designed to contain potentially hazardous wastes that may arrive at the facility. The waste
should be carefully spread for observation using a front end loader or other piece of
equipment. The Division of Solid Waste recommends that waste should be hand raked to
spread the load. Personnel should be trained to identify suspicious wastes. Some
indications of suspicious wastes are:
• Hazardous placards or markings;
• Liquids;
• Powders or dusts;
• Sludges;
• Bright or unusual colors;
• Drums or commercial size containers; or
• Chemical odors.
Cherokee County shall follow these procedures when suspicious wastes are discovered.
• Segregate the wastes;
• Question the driver;
• Review the manifest (if applicable);
• Contact possible source;
• Call the State Solid Waste Management Department;
• Use appropriate protective equipment;
• Contact laboratory support if required; and
• Notify the local Hazardous Material Response Team.
Containers with contents that are not easily identifiable, such as unmarked 55-gallon
drums, should be opened only by properly trained personnel. Because these drums could
contain hazardous waste, they should be refused whenever possible. Upon verifying that
the solid waste is acceptable, it may then be transferred to the working face for disposal.
Testing typically would include the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
and other tests for characteristics of hazardous wastes including corrositivity, ignitability,
and reactivity. Wastes that are suspected of being hazardous should be handled and stored
as a hazardous waste until a determination is made.
If the wastes temporarily stored at the site are determined to be hazardous, Cherokee
County is responsible for the management of the waste. If the wastes are to be
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96
255

transported from the facility, the waste must be: (1) stored at the MSWLF facility in
accordance with requirements of a hazardous waste generator, (2) manifested, (3)
transported by a licensed Treatment, Storage, or Disposal (TSD) facility for disposal.
E. RECORD KEEPING AND NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
Recoids must be kept pursuant to an incident where regulated hazardous waste or
prohibited waste is found at the landfill. It is also recommended that records be kept of all
screening activities and incidents, whether or not, regulated or prohibited wastes are
found. This will help prove that the landfill owner/operator has acted in a prudent and
reasonable manner.
The best way to prove compliance with this requirement is to document each inspection
including:
Date and time of waste detection
Hauler name (company and driver)
Waste(s) detected
Waste generator(s) if able to identify
Action(s) taken to manage or return material(s)
Efforts taken if extreme toxicity or hazard was discovered
Landfill employee in responsible charge
40 CFR Part 258 requires that records should be maintained at or near the landfill site
during its active life and as long after as may be required by the appropriate state or local
regulations.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 256

SIMPLE WASTE SCREENING PAD
FOR SANITARY LANDFILLS
MINIMUM SIZE PAD 35 FT. x 35 FT.
DEPTH OF PAD 1.5 F►. TO 2.0 FT.
c PAD CONSTRUCTED OF CLAY COVER MATERIAL
BERM TO CONTAIN AND/OR CONTROL WASTE
TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION USING COVER SOILS
UPON DISCOVERY OF UNACCEPTABLE MATERIAL
REMOVE WASTE AND THAT PORTION OF THE PAD
WHICH HAS BECOME CONTAMINATED BY THE UNACCEPTABLE.!
FIGURE 1
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 257

Waste inspected by Personnel Trained
to Recognize Hazardous Wastes Prior
to Delivery at Working Face
Waste is identified as I I Waste is not Readily I I Waste is Identified as a
Non -Hazardous Identifiable Hazardous Waste
Deliver to Isolate Wastes by
Working Face Moving to Temporary Refuse Waste
Storage Area
Record Have Wastes Tested Record
Inspection including Unidentified Inspection
Containerized Wastes
Waste Determined to Waste Determined to
be Non -Hazardous be Hazardous
Return to Working Manifest and Transport Wastes to a Facility
Face and Dispose Permitted to Handle the Hazardous Waste (e g
A Facility with a RCRA Permit or Interim Status
Record I RecordInspection
Inspection and Notify State
Director
Figure 2
Hazardous Waste Inspection Decision Tree
Inspection Prior to Working Face
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 258

WASTE SCREENING CHECK LIST YES NO
CONTAINERS
FULL....................................
PARTIALLY FULL ..........................
EMPTY ...................................
CRUSHED ...............................
PUNCTURED .............................
POWDERS/DUSTS
IDENTIFIED ..........................
UNKNOWN .................................
SATURATION ..................................
LABEL/HAZARDOUS .............................
ODOR/FUMES
STRONG ..................................
FAINT ...................................
HEAT........................................
ITEMS FOUND
BATTERIES ...................................
OIL.........................................
BIOMEDICAL ..................................
RADIOACTIVE .................................
ASHES/RESIDUE ...............................
SOD/SOIL....................................
LIQUID......................................
HAZARDOUS ...................................
PCB'S.......................................
CHECK ALL THAT APPLY
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 259

DETAILED SCREENING REPORT
WASTE SO! JR CE
ADDRESS
PROBABLE[ ]
WASTE HAULER
ADDRESS
SUSPECTED [ ] CONFIRMED [ ]
DRIVER'S NAME
DETAIL
NOTIFIED:
WASTE SOURCE [ ]HAULING MANAGEMENT [ ] SITE MANAGEMENT [ ]
STATE[ ] FEDERAL [ ]
NAME
WITNESS (IF ANY)
DATE
TIME AM PM
ACTION REQUIRED
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 260

5.4 Appendix H
CHEROKEE COUNTY SYNTHETIC COVER OPERATION PLAN
1. Determine the size of the area to be covered. Be sure to allow for five to ten feet extra on
each measurement to ensure that the refuse is completely covered.
2. The synthetic cover is shipped to the landfill site with panels folded accordion -type, then
rolled up. Unroll the cover along the working face (depending upon operations), and
attach the leading edge of the unrolled panel to existing landfill equipment with ropes(i.e.,
to the top of the blade).
3. Pull the sewn panels of cover across the compacted trash. The synthetic cover maybe
pulled from any direction, which may vary from day to day. Keep the leading edge
between the two machines (or people) as high as possible to eliminate drag.
4. Anchor the edges of synthetic cover every 20 feet with tires or sandbags to hold the
synthetic cover in place. If it is windy, more anchoring m- ay Te required. Make sure a
large enough panel has been ordered to completely cover the refuse (base this on the
heaviest day to the week). If complete coverage is not possible, cover the exposed refuse
with soil, but take care not to place too much dirt on the synthetic cover if it is to be re-
used.
5. On the next day of operations, remove the tires and/or sandbags. Simply pull the synthetic
cover across itself (to reduce drag) and off the refuse to an area that is inactive. Anchor
the edges again to prevent wind from lifting the blanket. At the end of the day, pull the
synthetic cover back across the refuse by repeating steps 3 and 4 until a new panel is
needed.
Synthetic Cover is designed to be used as landfill daily cover on a working face. For best results,
it is recommended that the area to be covered be kept as close to a square shape as possible not to
exceed 60' X 75' in size. Not only does this procedure allow for easier coverage, it allows for
better management of the working face and saves time at the end of the working day.
Cherokee County will use a panel of synthetic cover that is pulled over the working face on a
daily basis by two pieces of landfill equipment. At the end of the working day, the panel will be
secured in place. This is attained by one of two methods -- the panel may be heavy enough to
hold itself in place due to accumulation of soil and is left in that manner; or tires are placed on the
panel to secure it in place.
The working face is operated in this manner, brought to an intermediate grade and then covered
with the required six (6) inches of soil. The process will continue until a lift is completed. The
process is then started over on the next lift until the landfill is filled to final grade and a section is
closed.
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96 261

TIPS TO REMEMBER
1. Always pull the fabric across itself during installation and removal to make each panel last as
long as possible.
2. Avoid driving on the pane](s); this may cause punctures and tears.
3. Tie the panel(s) to the top of the dozer blade and raise the blade to minimize dragging on
refuse.
4. Use tires or sandbags to hold the panel(s) down overnight. Soil can be used if you plan to
leave panel(s) in place and cover with refuse.
5. Minimize stress between dozer/compactors while pulling on the panel(s).
93069-26 CHS 11/05/96
262

5.5 Appendix III
EXPLOSIVE GAS CONTROL PLAN FOR - CHEROKEE COUNTY
Quarterly the Cherokee County landfill will monitor the explosive gas at the landfill structures and
at ui nea, the landfill boundary. rmanent-probes-wilj consist of-piast'
to a piezometer used for groundwater detection. A typical permanent methane probe is detailed
in the operation drawings. The permanent probe will be constructed at a depth of six (6) feet. A
6" diameter hole will contain a one (1) inch slotted PVC pipe. The bottom two (2) feet will be
backfilled with non -carbonate pea gravel with a bentonite seal one (1) foot thick above it. The
remaining three (3) feet will be backfilled with in -situ soils. The one (1) inch PVC pipe will be
approximately three (3) feet above the existing grade. The PVC pipe will be capped with a one
(1) inch PVC cap, one quarter (1/4) inch NPT hose barb, and 1" tubing, plugged or capped.
The location and spacing of the methane monitoring probes is somewhat arbitrary. The locations
were determined by the relationship of solid waste with property lines and landfill structures. The
spacing of the monitoring probes is between 200 and 400 feet. The migration of methane gas is
induced by pressure gradients. The methane will move from areas of high pressure to those of
low pressure following the path of least resistance. The methane will migrate vertically until it
reaches the landfill cap, where it will begin to flow horizontally. This occurs until it finds a
pathway out, either by the installed methane collection trenches or migration through the
permeable in -situ soils. Since methane is lighter than air, it wants to escape into the atmosphere.
It has been our experience that whenever gas is migrating no matter what the spacing or depth of
the monitoring probes, the gas will fill the void created by the monitoring point and an explosive
meter will monitor the level. The six foot depth of the monitoring probes is to ensure a stable
monitoring point. The only time a shallow monitoring point has not worked is in a very heavy,
impermeable clay layer that acts as a seal to the migration of the gas. If a clay layer is
encountered during the construction of the monitoring points, it will either be moved beyond the
clay or excavated to a depth that is in the conductive zone below the clay.
The permanent probes will surround phase 1. Cherokee County's landfill is designed with a base
liner system and cap system, there should be no migration of methane in the permeable in -situ
soils.
The gas can be detected by use of an instrument that reports the percent of lower explosive limit.
The instrument being used is the Gas Tech GP 204.
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Quarterly, a County employee will visit each monitoring point either the temporary or permanent.
The monitoring points consist of all methane probes and leachate collection system cleanouts.
Using the detection instrument, he will determine if methane gas has filled the probes. If the
probe is near the property line and methane gas is detected at or beyond the lower explosive limit
(100% LEL), it must then be determined if the gas is migrating across the landfill boundary. If the
probe is on the boundary or methane gas has migrated beyond the boundary , a remediation plan
must be completed by Cherokee County.
Other points of monitoring will be the landfill structures. Each structure will be monitored for
methane using the following methods:
1. All crawl spaces will be monitored;
2. All corners in the structure will be monitored,
3. Any holes, cracks and pipes through the foundation will be monitored
If methane gas is detected beyond 25% of its lower explosive limit in any structure, then a
remediation plan is stated in the operational requirements.
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264

5.6 Appendix IV
CHEROKEE COUNTY'S RECIRCULATION PLAN
Cherokee County does not intend to utilize recirculation as the final disposal of their leachate.
The intention is to utilize —recirculation -as a metho bly—which—seine—relief—can be given to the
pumping and hauling. This relief will come in the form of evaporation and retention of water
within the solid waste. The remaining leachate will be hauled to the Andrews Waste Water
Treatment Plant for disposal.
No water that comes in contact with the present surface of solid waste runs off any where other
than the leachate collection system.
The County will spread the leachate over the surface of the solid waste, that is at a minimum five
feet (8') deep, within the landfill. The spreading will be accomplished by one of two methods.
The first method is by simply backing their leachate hauling truck into the landfill. A spreader
hose will then be attached to the leachate tank and Cherokee County personnel will manually
discharge the leachate over the solid waste. The second method will utilize the tank truck except
the leachate will be used to wet down solid waste that is piled up from being dumped from a truck
or trucks. Once this pile is wet, it will be spread around the working face by the trash compactor.
At a later date, a pump system may be incorporated into the system. The pump system will pump
directly from the leachate lagoon and the leachate spread in a manner as it was from the tank
truck.
Monthly monitoring will be performed to measure the leachate head at the leachate head detection
well and analyze the leachate for BOD, COD, temperature and pH.
The following conditions will be met by Cherokee County:
• A rain gauge and thermometer will be placed on site
• A base line sampling of leachate has been performed (See Attachment 1)
• A brief description of the equipment and its associated specifications is submitted (see
Attachment 2)
• Weekly record of leachate head measurements (see Attachment 3)
• Weekly record of leachate recirculated and leachate disposed (see
Attachment 4)
• Weekly record of visual monitoring log (see Attachment 5)
• Weekly record of rainfall and lagoon depth (see Attachment 6)
• Records shall be kept on a weekly basis
• No leachate shall be applied on less than one lift (8 feet) of waste
• No leachate shall be recirculated when it is raining, or when the waste is too wet
• No run off or side seepage will be allowed
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• Odors will be controlled
• Leachate depth shall be monitored in the leachate head detection well to ensure
that the head on the liner does not exceed one foot for more than 24 hours.
• The application system will be properly maintained and documented
• Leachate will be tested every 30 days and a progress report will be submitted
annually.
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ATTACHMENT 1
BASELINE DATA
TO BE ADDED IN THE FUTURE
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i
W,
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ATTACHMENT 3
CHEROKEE COUNTY LEACHATE HEAD READINGS
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ATTACHMENT
CHEROKEE COUNTY LEACHATE RECIRCULATION DATA
DATE
UOLUIy�
RECIRCULATION
FOR DISPOSAL
RECIRCULATED.
AREA
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ATTACHMENT 5
CHEROKEE COUNTY VISUAL MONITORING LOG
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ATTACHMENT 6
CHEROKEE COUNTY RAINFALL AND LAGOON DEPTH LOG
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5.7 Operation Drawings
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