6804_OrangeCountyCDLF_FinalPTOapp_FID1360719_20191210

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Orange County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Shallow Translational Slope Stability Analysis
Supplemental Information for Permit Renewal
Orange County, North Carolina DAA PN: R00592-179N October 30th, 2019
10/30/2019
Location:
120 pcf
0 psf
28 degree
3 feet
1 feet
Horizontal 3.5 Vertical 1 0.2783
0.08
FS =
1.50
1.54 OK
1.00
1.17 OK
Where:
 =Slope angle of final cover
 = Unit Weight of Water
1030 Wilmer Avenue
Suite 100
Richmond, VA 23227
Project No.R00592 -179 N3
Date October 29, 2019
Shallow Translational (Veneer) Slope Stability
Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Project Name:Orange County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Actual Seismic Factor of Safety
Depth of Protective Cover (Zc)
Depth of Water Parallel to Slope (dw)
Orange County, North Carolina
Slope Angle of Final Cover:
Required Seismic Factor of Safety
Unit Weight of Protective Cover Materials (c
Actual Static Factor of Safety
Required Static Factor of Safety
Slope Stability Evaluation
Cohesion/Adhesion Along Possible Failure Surface (C)
Landfill Features
Based on Matasovic, N (1991)" Selection of Method for Seismic Slope Stability
Analysis" Proc. 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical
Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, Vol.2, pp.1507-1062
Interface Angle of Friction Between Cover and Geosynthetics (
Seismic Coefficient (Ks - per USGS Hazard Map)
From:Chao, Ming-tai
To:Tyrus Clayton
Cc:Bruce Woody; Robert Williams; Gordon Dively; Stanley, Sherri; Lane, Ervin; Kirchner, Chuck; Aja, Deborah
Subject:additional comments on the revised permit applications, Orange County CDLF Landfill, 68-04
Date:Tuesday, June 4, 2019 3:57:00 PM
Attachments:image005.emzimage013.pngimage006.pngimage012.png
Hi Tyrus:
FID 1321868
The Solid Waste Section (SWS) completes a review of the engineering portions of the revised
application for the Orange County CDLF, permit No. 68-04 ( FID 1321661) and has fewcomments below:
1. (Section III – CQA Plan, Part B.1) The proposed ASTM 508a method for testing soilhydraulic conductivity is the typo of ASTM D5084. Please make a correction.
2. The May 28, 2019 response letter and revised permit application do not includeresponse to Comment No. 45 regarding Attachment V-4 which is reiterated below:
i. Please provide the reference(s) for the veneer/infinite slope analysis used in theproject.ii. The input data for global slope stability analysis shows the side slope of thefinal cover system is approximately 25.6 degree measured from horizontalsurface, not the proposed side slope 2.8 degree or (3.5 to 1 slope) as stated inSection 2.1.4 of the Closure and Post-Closure Plan.iii. The geocomposite material will be displayed over the final cover system, theveneer/infinite slope analysis should be conducted to confirm the specifiedinterface angle of 28 degree (as shown on Table in Section 2.14), between thelayer of geocomposite and the overlain compacted soil liner and underlainintermediate material is safely standing during the 30-yr post-closure periodand beyond.Please contact me if you have any question of the above-mentioned comments. Thanks andhave a wonderful evening.

From: Chao, Ming-tai 
Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2019 11:56 AM
To: Tyrus Clayton <[e-mail]>
Cc: Bruce Woody <[e-mail]>; Robert Williams
<[e-mail]>; Gordon Dively <[e-mail]>; Stanley, Sherri
<[e-mail]>; Lane, Ervin <[e-mail]>; Kirchner, Chuck
<[e-mail]>; Aja, Deborah <[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: [External] RE: Status of permit applications and environmental media monitoring plans,
Orange County Landfills

Hi Tyrus: The Solid Waste Section (SWS) received the revised application for the Orange CountyCDLF, permit No. 68-04, and this document is uploaded to Laserfiche with a FID 1321661. The SWS thanks for submitting the requested document and will review this documentshortly.

From: Tyrus Clayton <[e-mail]> 
Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2019 11:43 PM
To: Chao, Ming-tai <[e-mail]>
Cc: Bruce Woody <[e-mail]>; Robert Williams
<[e-mail]>; Gordon Dively <[e-mail]>; Stanley, Sherri
<[e-mail]>; Lane, Ervin <[e-mail]>; Kirchner, Chuck
<[e-mail]>
Subject: [External] RE: Status of permit applications and environmental media monitoring plans,
Orange County Landfills

CAUTION: External email. Do not click links or open attachments unless you verify. Send all suspicious email as an
attachment to [e-mail]

Ming,

Below is a link to our response to the 1/14/2019 comments and revised documents for the C&D
Landfill Permit No. 68-04.  Should you require hard copies, please let us know. 

https://files.daa.com/dl/sfRqROi1Yw

Please feel free to call or email should we need to discuss further.

Sincerely,
 C. Tyrus Clayton, Jr., PEGeotechnical/Construction Services Team LeaderSenior Associate Draper Aden Associates
Engineering • Surveying • Environmental ServicesLasting     Positive     Impact™ Phone: [phone] • Direct Line: 919.827.0909 • Mobile [phone] Web • Blog • Facebook • Twitter • LinkedIn

From: Tyrus Clayton 
Sent: Tuesday, May 21, 2019 10:43 PM
To: Chao, Ming-tai <[e-mail]>
Cc: Bruce Woody <[e-mail]>; Robert Williams
<[e-mail]>; 'Gordon Dively ([e-mail])' <[e-mail]>;
[e-mail]; [e-mail]; [e-mail]
Subject: RE: Status of permit applications and environmental media monitoring plans, Orange
County Landfills

Ming,

During the phone call on May 3, 2019, we did indicate we would be submitting responses to
comments received on May 15, 2019.  However, in preparing those responses, we discovered that
additional detail was needed concerning some of the items that required additional research of
historical documents and interviews/discussions with current facility operations staff.  As such our
response has been delayed.  We are currently finalizing our response to the 1/14/19 and 1/17/19
comments and plan to have those to the Section by Tuesday, May  28, 2019.

However, due to the scope of work involved, we were very clear during the 5/3/19 conversation that
an updated  and comprehensive facility environmental monitoring document would take some time
to assemble.  As such, the assembly is in progress but not complete.  We intend to submit this in
mid-June for review. 

Please feel free to contact us by email or phone should we need to discuss further. 

Thank you,

C. Tyrus Clayton, Jr., PEGeotechnical/Construction Services Team LeaderSenior Associate Draper Aden Associates
Engineering • Surveying • Environmental ServicesLasting     Positive     Impact™ Phone: [phone] • Direct Line: 919.827.0909 • Mobile [phone] Web • Blog • Facebook • Twitter • LinkedIn

From: Chao, Ming-tai [mailto:[e-mail]] Sent: Tuesday, May 21, 2019 8:56 AMTo: Bruce Woody; Robert WilliamsCc: Stanley, Sherri; Gordon Dively; Lane, Ervin; Kirchner, ChuckSubject: [EXTERNAL MAIL!] Status of permit applications and environmental media monitoring plans,Orange County Landfills

Gentlemen: Good morning.
According to the conclusions made in the May 03, 2019 conference call, Orange Countyshould submit the Solid Waste Section (SWS) the following documents by May 15, 2019.
Responses to January 14, 2019 comments (FID 1275268) on the life-of-site permit
application (FID 1274690) for the C&DLF unit, permit No. 68-04. These responses
should be incorporated into a final permit application.
Responses to January 17, 2019 comments (FID 1275717) on the post-closure use
Operations Plan (FID 1274688) at the closed Orange County landfill facility, permit No.
68-01.
A updated environmental media (groundwater, surface water, landfill gas including
methane and hydrogen sulfide) monitoring plan for each disposal unit.

As of today, May 21, 2019 the SWS has not received any above-mentioned document. Pleaseprovide the status of the permit applications/documents. If you need any assistance from the
SWS, please feel free to inform us. Thank you and have a nice day.

May 28, 2019 Mr. Ming-Tai Chao Permitting Branch, Solid Waste Section
Division of Waste Management, NCDEQ
217 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603

RE: Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
Permit Renewal Documents
Draper Aden Associates Project No. R00592-179N

Dear Mr. Chao:

On behalf of Orange County, please find enclosed revised permit amendment documents pertaining
to the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Operating Permit. These revised documents are submitted
for the Section’s review and approval. Please note that an updated environmental media monitoring plan for
each disposal unit is still currently being generated and will be submitted separately.

Attached you will find each of your comments and our responses in bold. Please feel free to call or email
should we need to discuss further.

Sincerely, Draper Aden Associates

5/28/2019 C. Tyrus Clayton, Jr., PE Team Leader/Senior Associate Attachments: Comment Responses Revised Application for Amendment cc: file Robert Williams and Bruce Woody (OCSW) Gordon Dively, PE (DAA)
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 1 of 15
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
Permit Renewal Documents
Draper Aden Associates Project No. R00592-179N

SECTION I - Facility Plan
1. (Section 2.0, on Page 1-2)
i. Please provide the MSW Transfer Station name and permit number. The
referenced Durham County MSW Transfer Station is likely City Durham
Transfer Station, Permit No. 3212-Transfer-2014. Please verify.
Included as noted.
ii. The referenced statute of the solid wastes that are prohibited from
disposal in landfills shall be N.C.G.S. 130A-309.10(f) and Rule 15A NCAC
13B. 542(e). Please correct the typos.
Corrected as noted.
iii. Additionally, please add waste stated below to the prohibited waste list.
Used oil; antifreeze (ethylene glycol); aluminum cans; whole scrap tires, as
provided in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.58(b); lead-acid batteries, as provided in
N.C.G.S. 130A-309.70; motor vehicle oil filters; recyclable rigid plastic
containers; wooden pallets, except that wooden pallets may be disposed of
in a landfill that is permitted to only accept construction and demolition
debris; oyster shells; discarded computer equipment, as defined in N.C.G.S.
130A-309.131; and discarded televisions, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-
309.131.
Included as noted.
iv. The referenced Rules for an industrial waste landfill shall be 15A NCAC 13B
.0503(2)(d)(ii). Please correct the typo.
Corrected as noted.
2. (Section 3.1, on Page 1-7) The Section 1.0 states that Phases 4 & 5 will be a vertical
extension of Phase 1 through 3; this statement is inconsistent with that in the second
paragraph of Section 3.1. Please clarify.
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 2 of 15
The paragraph was corrected to indicate that Phases 4 & 5 will be constructed over
top of Phases 1 through 3.
3. (Section 4.3) This section should described completion of the landfill gas trench (date of
completion, approximate dimensions of the trench, trench backfill media/material, and
gas piping and current LFG remedial status at the site after the trench has been install in
2010.
Additional language was added to indicate where the information about the gas
collection trench could be found and a brief description of what may have caused
the gas, where the trench was installed, and the effect of the trench.
SECTION II - Engineering Plan
4. (Section 1.3) The facility contact is obsolete.
Since the original submittal of the application, the contact person and title for the
County has changed. Those changes are reflected in the revised documents.
5. (Section 1.5.1) The remaining air space/capacity of Phase1 should be 74,800 CY.
The table has been revised as requested.
6. (Section 1.5.8) The Sheet 7 shows the cross-section of the landfill phased development;
elevations of the seasonal high ground-water table and the bedrock datum as stated in
this section are not available. Please add the described data to the sheet.
The seasonal-high groundwater elevation and approximate bedrock location has
been added to the cross-section. Bedrock location has been interpolated from
historical boring logs not completed by Draper Aden Associates
7. (Section 1.5.9) The temporary bench mark info is different from that shown on Sheet No.
2. Please clarify.
TBM No. 1 is shown on Sheet 1 and is correct. TBM No.2 is an iron pin in the
County’s property line along the southern most side of the entire complex. This
property line is unique from the C&D landfill parcel. TBM No. 2 is now shown on a
new Sheet 2 that depicts the entire OCSW facility. (Revised drawing set is
attached)
8. (Section 1.6.6) The erosion and sediment control details are shown on Sheets 9 & 10.
Please correct typo.
Corrected.
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 3 of 15
Attachment II-B, Technical Specifications
9. (Section 02292-, Infiltration Barrier Layer)
ii. (Paragraph 3.02.C) The specified compaction effort is that the in-place dry
density of compacted soil liner shall be greater than 90% of the maximum
dry density defined by ASTM D 698. This specification is acceptable only if
the density of each soil sample is equal to or greater than 120 pcf as
specified in the Slope Stability Analysis & Section 2.1.4 of the Closure
Plan. Otherwise, slope stability analysis must be conducted by using the
soil testing results obtained from the CQA program. A sensitivity analysis
for upper- and lower-bound data ranges shall be implemented for the
slope stability analysis.
Additional language was added to the plan to alert the Contractor to
the CQA and Closure plans and the soil requirements.

iii. (Paragraph 3.03.B) Please verify the final thickness of (24 inches ?) the
compacted test pad for compacted soil liner/infiltration layer.
The thickness has been revised to 36 inches to reflect the full capping
cross-section.
iv. (Paragraph 3.03.E) Please specify the acceptable ranges for in-placed
testing of moisture content and moisture control procedures during the
period of constructing the 18-inch-thick compacted soil liner/infiltration
layer.
A soil’s moisture content optimum range is dependent upon the
parent material and should not be specified based upon general
industry standards. A moisture range profile will be developed at the
time of construction when a borrow source has been identified. The
source will then have multiple samples taken to establish the proper
moisture relationship. Text has been added to the paragraph in
question to alert the contractor to the variability of the moisture
content and that it will be based upon site specific data.
10. (Section 13302, Geocomposite Drainage Net (GDN))
i. (Paragraph 2.01) The specified interface friction angle of 24 degree is less
than that (28 degree) specified in Section 2.1.4 of the Closure and Post-
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 4 of 15
Closure Plan. Please correct the typo. If this is the friction angle between
geotextile and geonet, please state so.
The interface friction angle has been corrected to match the closure
Plan
ii. (Paragraph 3.0.2.F) Anchor trench for the GDN installation is not available
in the submitted drawing, please provide the anchor trench
details. Additionally, should the trenching excavation and backfill comply
with Specification Section 02221 and testing requirements specified in Part
B.2 of the CQA Plan? Please clarify.
Since the trench is backfilled with soil, sections of the specifications
pertaining to soil, such as 02221, are implied to govern the work. The
same applies to the CQA plan. However, additional language was
added to the paragraph to alert the contractor to the continuing
requirement to meet the specifications and the CQA plan.
iii. (Paragraph 3.03) The specified geonet connection should be referred to
Paragraph 3.02. Please correct typo.
The typo was corrected.
iv. (Paragraph 3.05) The minimum thickness of a cushion layer of soil/earthen
material overlain the GDN must be specified here to prevent the installed
GDN from damage from construction of the specified compacted soil liner
which is constructed on top of the GDN.
A minimum layer has been specified.
11. (Section 13320, Landfill Gas Vents)
i. Paragraph 2.01 should specify the dimensions of the gas vent trench as
shown Sheet No. 8. Additionally, to avoid the waste being exposed to
daylight while in trenching, the maximum length of trench should be
constructed must be specified.
The minimum dimensions for the pit has been added to the plan. The
excavation is for pits mot for a trench, so no additional language was
added to address the length of trench that could be opened at one
time.
ii. Where the geotextile specified in Paragraphs 2.02 & 3.02 will be used in
the gas venting system? The geotextile is not shown on details of gas
venting system on Sheet No.8.
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 5 of 15
The geotextile was intended to be placed in the bottom and along the
side of the pit excavated for the vent. A callout has been added to the
detail on Sheet 8 identifying the geotextile.
iii. The record of locations of buried asbestos-containing material or wastes
should be documented as stated in the Section 2.5.3 (on Page IV-7) of the
Operations Report. The statement in Paragraph 3.01. is incorrect.
The paragraph has been modified to correct this.

iv. The vent pipe system construction sequences in in Paragraph 3.02. B are
not consistent to the details on Sheet No. 8. Is there a layer of geotextile
to be place in the bottom of the trench to separate #57 stone and waste?
Yes, there is a layer of geotextile to be installed during the construction of the vents. It has been called out on the appropriate
detail on Sheet 8.
SECTION III - CQA Plan
12. (Part A.6) Should deviation of the approved CQA or Specification or design of the
landfill during the construction period occur, the County must submit the change order
document or a written request of an approval of the deviation from the SWS prior to
implementing the change. Engineering judgement, made by a licensed Professional
Engineer of the State of North Carolina, on the change order in the construction period
may be considered on a case-by-case basis. These deviations must be a portion of the
certified CQA report in Part E – Final Documentation.
Noted. Nothing was added to the document stating such. It is the intent of the
County to have their construction project meet the requirements as laid out in the
CQA Plan and the technical specifications. The County will address any changes at
the time should they arise.
13. (Part B.1)
i. The ASTM D422 has been withdrawn by the subcommittee. Please provide
the new testing method.
The preferred new test methods are listed.
ii. Please add the hydraulic conductivity testing specification for earthen
material to be used for constructing 18-inch-thichk infiltration layer to the
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 6 of 15
table. The confined pressure and hydraulic gradient must be specified
according landfill cover condition.
ASTM D 5084 has been added to the plan.
iii. Please add the shear testing specification for the earthen material to be
used for constructing 18-inch-thichk infiltration layer to the table. The
shear strength criteria must be consistent to those used in the Slope
Stability Analysis.
ASTM D 3080 has been added to the plan.
14. (Part B.2)
i. The frequency of confirming each layer thickness of the final cover system
shall be consistent with the specification of Part E.2.d (50-ft by 50-ft
grid). Please correct the typos in the table.
The typos have been corrected.
ii. Please add the hydraulic conductivity testing specification for earthen
material to be used for constructing 18-inch-thichk infiltration layer to the
table. The confined pressure and hydraulic gradient must be specified
according landfill cover condition.
ASTM D 5084 has been added to the plan.
15. (Part C.1.c, Conformance Testing)
i. What are conformance test items? Please specify.
Testing methods have been added in Part C.2.c.
ii. The interface shear strength between geocomposite and earthen material
(Compacted soil liner and intermediate soil cover) must be tested to
ensure the final cover system can safely stand according to the slope
stability analysis stated in the Engineering Plan and Closure & Post-closure
Plan. Test method and frequency should be added to this section.
Testing methods have been added in Part C.2.c.
16. (Part C.1.e.2) Does the County propose using GCL for the landfill project? If not, please
remove this item.
The GCL has been removed from the plan in Part C.2.e.
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 7 of 15
17. (Part C.1.e.f) According to Sheet No. 8- Landfill Gas Vent details, there is no clamp to
tight the geocomposite to the PVC vent pipe riser, but bentonite/soil mixture plug is
proposed. Please revise the specification to consist the drawing details.
The specification has been revised to be consistent with the detail.
18. (Part D.3) The passive gas vent will be placed inside trench as shown on the drawing
Sheet No. 8. Please revise the specification requirement to match the proposal.
The specification has been updated.
19. (Part D.4) Geosynthetic liner material - geomembrane will not be used for the final cover
system; therefore, the MQA & CQA for a seam strength of the liner material are not
applicable in this project. Additionally, this part should specify the CQA requirements
for compacted soil liner such compaction effort, hydraulic conductivity, soil type etc. as
specified in Part B.
Reference to geosynthetic material has been eliminated to only the geocomposite
drainage net. Additional CQA requirements were added pertaining to the soil
layers placed on top of the GDN.
20. (Part E.2.b) The licensed surveyor must be registered in the State of North Carolina, not
Virginia.
Corrected as noted.
21. (Part E.2.d)
i. Are there subparts E.2.d. 2) & 3) - Erosion/Vegetative Support Layer & top
soil layer? Or just a typo.
Sections for Infiltration layer and Vegetative support layers have been
added.
ii. At sloped areas, please note the required minimum thickness of each layer
of the proposed final cover system shall be measured perpendicularly to
the slope surfaces.
This note has been added.
22. (Part E.4) Please cite the North Carolina Law or Rule, not the ones of Virginia.
The applicable North Carolina Rules were included.

Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 8 of 15
SECTION IV - Operations Report
23. (Section 2.5.2) The C&DLF is destructing a mobile home at the landfill working face and
recovering marketable or recyclable material; therefore, please add the required
operation requirements to the section, which will be incorporated into the permit
conditions.
i. Mobile homes that are defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.112 and generated
from the approved service area - Orange County will be accepted for
deconstruction.
ii. The permittee must implement the approved plan to temporarily store
mobile homes, stockpile recyclable materials, and conduct deconstruction
activities. The storage and deconstruction activities shall take place only
near the working face of the C&DLF – Phase 1.
iii. Regulated-asbestos containing material as defined in 40 CFR 61 must be
managed in accordance with 40 CFR 61. The permittee must follow the
operations plan to properly remove asbestos-containing material from a
mobile home. Disposal of asbestos waste must be in accordance with Rule
15 NCAC 13B .0542(c)(2) and the operations plan.
iv. White goods, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-290(a)(44), which are within
mobile homes to be deconstructed, must be properly removed to the
White Goods and Scrap Metal Area prior to deconstruction
activities. White goods must be managed in accordance with all federal,
state, and local applicable statutes and rules and the Permit Conditions in
Permit No. 6801-MSWLF-1993 (DIN 19609).
v. All mobile homes must be deconstructed within 45 days from acceptance
into the deconstruction area. The date of receipt at the landfill shall be
posted on the mobile home or its frame.
vi. All material not planned for recycling must be placed in an approved
disposal unit before the end of the day in which deconstruction takes
place. Recyclable materials may be stockpiled at the designated location as
shown on Drawing No. 2 for no more than 45 days from the date of
deconstruction.
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 9 of 15
vii. Records shall be kept at the facility.
The issues contained within comment 23 have been addressed in the
Operations Plan.
24. (Section 2.5.3)
i. The referenced statute of the solid wastes prohibited from disposal in
landfills shall be N.C.G.S. 130A-309.10(f) and Rule 15A NCAC 13B.
542(e). Please correct the typo. Additionally, please add waste stated
below to the prohibited waste list. Used oil; antifreeze (ethylene glycol);
aluminum cans; whole scrap tires, as provided in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.58(b);
lead-acid batteries, as provided in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.70; motor vehicle oil
filters; recyclable rigid plastic containers; wooden pallets, except that
wooden pallets may be disposed of in a landfill that is permitted to only
accept construction and demolition debris; oyster shells; discarded
computer equipment, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.131; and discarded
televisions, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.131.
Corrections have been made as requested.
ii. The designated disposal area for asbestos-containing material or waste
(ACM) is not shown on drawing Sheet No. 3. Please add the disposal
location(s) to the drawing.
The reference to the designated disposal area has been removed from
the text. The County receives non-friable asbestos so infrequently
that it is impractical to set aside a designated area just for the
disposal of said material. When asbestos containing material is
brought in, the County will follow the procedure for excavating a
separate pit away from the current working face.
25. (Section 2.14) Please add the rule-required operation procedures to remove wind-blown
trash at the conclusion of each operation day to this section according to Rule 15A
NCAC 13B .0542(g)(3).
The note has been added.
26. (Section 2.15) The working face of the C&DLF will be covered at least weekly as
described in Section 2.11.1. The daily cover of wastes is proposed in this section is
contradicting that stated in Section 2.11.1. Please clarify.
The reference to daily cover has been removed.
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 10 of 15
27. (Section 2.20 & Section 4.2 of the Contingency Planning) The fire report and the report
of attempt of illegal disposal of nonconformance or prohibited wastes (Section 2.5.3)
shall be placed in the operating record at the landfill facility.
The requirement for inclusion of these records has been added to the list.
28. (Section 3.2) The C&DLF should monitor the concentration of hydrogen sulfide
concentration in the gas probes and buildings/closed structures at a quarterly
basis. The threshold limit for remedial action of hydrogen sulfide and monitoring
protocols must be described in this section as well.
Testing for hydrogen sulfide has been incorporated into the document.
29. (Section 4.2 & Attachment IV-C) The SWS has the standard form to report of a fire at a
solid waste management facility. If the County intends to use please download the fire
occurrence report at the following web link and append to the Operations Plan.
https://files.nc.gov/ncdeq/Waste%20Management/DWM/SW/Forms/FireOccurrenceRep
ort.pdf
The report form has been added to the plan.
30. (Attachment IV-C, Section 5.5) The person to be contacted for an emergency at the
facility must be updated.
Contact information has been updated.
31. There are two temporary disaster debris sites – C&D waste/ DS68-002 and vegetative
waste/DS68-001 at the C&DLF Phases 2&3 area. Please describe the site operations
after a nature disaster declamation was made of the State Governor. The descriptions of
operations for each unit may include, but not limited to, the time to start and terminate
operating waste activities (6 months), permitted waste streams at each unit, acreages of
each unit, the maximum volume/capacity of each unit (dimensions of stockpiles), waste
operations – storage, separation, treatment, processes, recycling, and/or disposal. The
info will be incorporated into the permit.
A brief description was added to the narrative to reference the two disaster debris
management sites. These sites were pre-authorized with the Department under
separate and independent processes. The disaster debris sites are not permitted
sites until such time that the County contacts the Department and requests
activation of the site(s). Language was added to the document to alert the reader
to look for other guidance specific to the management of the storm debris sites.
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 11 of 15
SECTION V - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
32. Please use NCDEQ instead of DENR throughout this plan.
The changes have been made.
33. (Section 2.1.3)
i. According to the Drawing No. 8 of the typical details of the final cover
system, a minimum of 12-inch-thick intermediate/weekly cover will be one
of the component of the proposed final cover system; but the Section
2.1.3 (under sub-section 1. Plan Sheets) proposes that “top soil stripped
from intermediate cover will be stockpiled for use during final
closure.” This statement may create some level of confusion that County
may remove the intermediate soil cover prior to installing the final cover
system. Please clarify the intention of this proposal in this section.
A sentence clarifying the intent to retain the 12” thickness was added.
ii. Please add a typical detail of the described diversion berms on the
drawing. By the way, is the symbol DD on Drawing No. 6 referring the
diversion berm?
A detail has been added to the plan set and the legend was updated to
include the symbol DD.

iii. Add the minimum thickness of the intermediate/weekly cover to this
Section.
A clarifying sentence was added to the description of layers.
34. (Section 2.1.6)
i. The SWS record shows the LFG trench was completely constructed in February
2010. This Section or Section 3.2 of the Operations Report of the application
should describe the as-built conditions of the trench and venting system and
the status of gas migration results from the completion of this intercept
trench. The Drawing No. 8 doesn’t contain any gas interception trench
details. Please provide the current condition of the system, not the proposed
one.
The cutoff trench description was included in the Operations Report.
Details for the interception trench were not added to the plan. The plan
is for the closure of the C&D landfill, and the detail provided is for the
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 12 of 15
future installment of gas vents that may be needed when the landfill is
eventually capped. The details of the trench are included in the Orange
County C&D Landfill Gas Remediation Plan, included as a new
Attachment V-5 to the Closure and Post Closure Plan.

ii. A layer of geocomposite material will be placed between the gas
trench/intermediate cover and compacted soil liner as shown on Figure
8. The section must describe the material and construction specifications
(Section 13302?) of this geocomposite material. According to the
specification – Section 13320, it is likely a layer of geotextile will be placed
inside the bottom of the gas trench to separate waste and backfill
aggregate. If this is correct, please revise the section accordingly.
The narrative has been updated to include the use of geotextile to
separate the stone from the waste. The “trench” that will be dug for the
future gas vents to be installed at the time of capping have been updated
to “trench/pit” to avoid the confusion with the trench that installed along
the western side of the landfill.
35. (Section 2.3) The remaining air space/capacity of Phase1 should be 74,800 CY.
Corrected as noted.
36. (Section 3.1) The person for the facility point-of-contact contacted must be updated.
The contact has been updated to reflect the changes in personnel that occurred in
2018.
37. (Section 3.3 & Attachment V-1) Should the surface water quality in the adjacent surface
water-body be a part of water quality monitoring program. Additionally, the inspection
and maintenance of the sediment basin(s) associated with this landfill must be routinely
inspected and maintained to avoid siltation. This program is not available in the Post-
Closure Plan.
The sediment basin is regulated under the coverage provided by the State NPDES
general permit issued for the site. The site complies with inspections of the surface
water under that permit. Once all earth disturbance activities cease at the landfill,
and the site has been stabilized, the erosion control features will be removed in
accordance with the NPDES permit.
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 13 of 15
38. (Sections 3.3.1 & 3.3.2 & Attachment V-1) For any gas or groundwater monitoring wells,
the inspection and O&M programs in the post-closure care period should include, but
not limited to, the inspection of a well casing lock, identification tag or placard
containing well data, and/or a concrete pad including bollards to protect the well casing,
if installed. Please include theses inspection items to the Section 3.3.1 & 3.3.2.
The narrative has been updated to include the requested inspections.
39. (Section 3.4.2 & & Attachment V-1) The access roads/paths to the monitoring locations
must be of all-weather construction and maintained in good condition. Please add this
requirement to this Section.
The narrative has been updated to include the required access conditions.
40. (Section 3.4.6) The SWS file system doesn’t contain “The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan”
prepared by DAA, dated December 16, 2009. Please append a copy of this document to
the Closure and Post-Closure Plan.
A copy has been attached to the plan as Attachment V-5.
41. (Sections 3.4.5 or 3.5) Please describe the inspection and repair of leachate outbreak at
the side slopes of the final cover system, which are listed in the inspection checklist (&
Attachment V-1).
Language has been added to the narrative to address the potential for leachate
seeps.
42. (Section 4.3) Per NCGS 130A-295.2(h1), the County shall provide a financial assurance
(FA) at least one million dollars in costs for potential assessment and corrective action
(PACA) at the facility. This PACA FA is subjected to annual adjustment of for inflation
since FY-2009 and is additional FA to the costs covering the ongoing corrective action
programs at this landfill facility.
The need for the $1,000,000 PACA has been added to the narrative and a
statement that the FA is updated annually has been included.
43. (Attachment V-2) Please revise the closure cost estimate accordingly.
i. The Cost Item XII should include the costs for proposed diversion berms,
slope drains, and outlet energy dissipaters/stabilizer (riprap), Culverts 4A
through 4C, & storm drains toward the Sediment Basin.
The requested items have been added to the cost estimate.
ii. The Cost Item XIII associated with landfill gas vent system:
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 14 of 15
a. Provide the prices and quantities for 6-inch-diameter PVC piping, #57
stones, 6oz/square yard geotextile, installation, etc.
b. Cost of linear footage of trenching excavation and backfill per vent.
c. According to Drawing No. 6, there are 11 gas vents will be installed
over 7.7-acre closed cap, not 8 vents. Please revise the cost estimate.
The cost estimate contains costs for the future landfill gas vents to be
installed on the landfill. The lump sum price for each vent includes
the components and installation costs associated with the vents.
The cost estimate is to reflect the largest permitted area to be closed.
Currently the landfill is only permitted to operate in Phase 1, which is
7.7 acres in size. Drawing Sheet 6 shows the ultimate build out of the
entire C&D landfill. In that case, 11 vents would be required. If you were to only include the vents shown within the Phase 1 footprint,
there would only need to be 5 vents installed. The conservative
approach of including one per acre in the cost estimate actually
provides for greater cost protection than is warranted.
44. (Attachment V-2) Please revise the post-closure cost estimate accordingly.
i. Please add the cost for surface water monitoring.
Costs were added to the Sediment Basin sampling section of the cost
estimate to cover these costs.
ii. Cost Item I – Groundwater Monitoring. There are 8 wells shown on
Drawing No. 2. Please explain why 5 wells are considered in the estimate.
The C&D landfill shares several of its down-gradient wells with the
closed MSW units (the shared wells represent the up-gradient wells for
the MSW unit). The lower number was included because those shared
wells are accounted for in the MSW post closure care cos estimates.
The post closure cost estimate for the C&D landfill was updated to
reflect all 8 wells to avoid confusion.
iii. Cost Item II. Should the costs associated with maintain/repair gas vent
system in the constructed gas intercept trench be considered in the post-
closure period?
No. The trench is considered in the LFG monitoring and maintenance
section of the cost estimate. The only anticipated maintenance for the
Response to 1/14/2019 Review Comments
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
May 28, 2019
DAA PN: R00592-179N

Page 15 of 15
trench would be the replacement of some of the vent piping extending
above grade due to eventual deterioration form the sun/weather
elements. Since being installed, no maintenance has been required.
The piping is relatively inexpensive and is readily available onsite for
other operations on the facility should the need arise.
iv. Cost Item IV. Should the cost for repairing leachate outbreak area be
considered?
Costs to repair leachate outbreaks is considered in the cap
maintenance section of the cost estimate.
v. The costs associated with repairing road for all-weather condition, security
control devices.
A general maintenance cost was added to the cost estimate to account
for various items not specifically addressed in the cost estimate.
Additional gravel to repair possible damaged sections to the access
roads and fencing repairs would fall into this category.
45. (Attachment V-4)
i. Please provide the reference(s) for the veneer/infinite slope analysis used
in the project.
ii. The input data for global slope stability analysis shows the side slope of
the final cover system is approximately 25.6 degree measured from
horizontal surface, not the proposed side slope 2.8 degree or (3.5 to 1
slope) as stated in Section 2.1.4 of the Closure and Post-Closure Plan.
iii. The geocomposite material will be displayed over the final cover system,
the veneer/infinite slope analysis should be conducted to confirm the
specified interface angle of 28 degree (as shown on Table in Section 2.14),
between the layer of geocomposite and the overlain compacted soil liner
and underlain intermediate material is safely standing during the 30-yr
post-closure period and beyond.

ORANGE COUNTY SOLID WASTE EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL PERMIT NO 68-04

Permit Amendment Application for Life of Site Permit
1514 Eubanks Road, Orange County, NC

DAA Project Number: R00592-179N

PREPARED FOR:
Orange County Solid Waste Management Department
Bruce Woody, Solid Waste Operations Manager
P.O. Box 17177 (mailing address)
1207 Eubanks Rd. (physical address)
Chapel Hill NC 27516

Revised May 28, 2019

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT AMENDMENT APPLICATION
This Permit Amendment Application for the Orange County Eubanks Road
C&D Landfill, Orange County, North Carolina, Permit No. 68-04 is submitted in
accordance with the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules 15A NCAC 13B
Section .0547(3) in order to issue a life of site permit for the landfill.
Title: Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Application Permit Number 68-04
Location: 1514 Eubanks Road (S.R. 1727) Orange County, North Carolina
Applicant: Orange County Solid Waste Management Department
P. O. Box 17177
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
Attention: Mr. Gordon Dively, PE
Engineer: Draper Aden Associates 114 Edinburgh South Drive Cary, NC 27511 Firm #: C-0861 Attention: Mr. C. Tyrus Clayton, Jr., PE
5/28/2019
_________________________________ C. Tyrus Clayton, Jr., P.E. North Carolina Registration No. 28909
Orange County C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Section Contents Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-1

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL PERMIT AMENDMENT INTRODUCTION
This Permit Amendment Application for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill,
Orange County, North Carolina, Permit No. 68-04 is submitted in accordance with Paragraph (3)
of Rule .0547 of the NC Solid Waste Management Rules. The permit amendment application consists of this Introduction and the following Sections: Section I – Facility Plan
Section II – Engineering Plan Section III – Construction Quality Assurance Plan
Section IV – Operations Report Section V – Closure and Post-Closure Care Plan
Figures – (Drawing Sheets 1 thru 10)
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL PERMIT AMENDMENT SECTION I
FACILITY PLAN

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Table of Contents Revised May 28, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1

2.0 Waste Stream .......................................................................................................................2 2.1 Types ........................................................................................................................2 2.2 Average Monthly Disposal Rates ............................................................................4 2.3 Service Area .............................................................................................................4
2.4 Segregated Management ..........................................................................................4
2.5 Equipment ................................................................................................................5 3.0 Landfill Capacity .................................................................................................................6 3.1 Capacity/Life Expectancy ........................................................................................6
3.2 Soil Resources ..........................................................................................................7
3.3 Required Soil Quantities ..........................................................................................7 3.4 Estimated Operating Life .........................................................................................8 4.0 Containment and Environmental Control Systems ..............................................................8
4.1 Cap Design ...............................................................................................................8
4.2 Landfill Gas Detection Monitoring ..........................................................................8 4.3 Landfill Gas Venting................................................................................................8 4.4 Groundwater Monitoring .........................................................................................9
5.0 Leachate Management .........................................................................................................9
6.0 Stormwater Management .....................................................................................................9 6.1 Run-On Control System ...........................................................................................9 6.2 Run-Off Control System ........................................................................................10

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill is located approximately 2.5 miles northwest Chapel Hill, on Eubanks Road. The landfill is owned by Orange County. The facility operates under Permit 68-04. A permit to operate Phase 1 of the facility was issued on December 14, 2005 by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR), which is now called the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). Phase 1 has been constructed and began receiving waste on June 1, 2006. The Phase 1 area is approximately 7.7 acres in size. Phases 2 and 3 are projected future phases, approximately 4.9 acres in size. Phases 4 and 5 will be a vertical extension of Phases 1 through 3. The following facility plan is provided to the Department of Environment Quality (NCDEQ) as
part of a Permit Amendment Application for the continued operation of Phase 1. The facility plan is submitted in accordance with the following North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules: Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0533(a)(2) Permit amendment General Applications
Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0534(b)(2)(F) Permit amendment General Requirements Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0535(b) Permit amendment Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0537 Facility Plan Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0547(3) Application for a Permit to Construct
The previous permit modification submitted in February 2012, included modifications to the proposed base grades and final grades for Phases 2 and 3. The application also proposed an increase the previously-approved volume of the landfill by increasing the overall height by 11 feet and increasing the side slopes of the landfill from 4:1 to 3.5:1. The volume increase is 5.8
percent as calculated by comparing the proposed new volume to a newly measured volume of the previously approved base and final grades. These modifications, which were subsequently approved by the NCDEQ, are included in the current design. The facility includes an undisturbed buffer of 12.9 acres through an agreement between
Orange County and Duke University. An easement with Duke University gives Orange County the right to maintain a 200-foot site buffer on the north and west between the C&D landfill and the Duke Forest. It also stipulates that an additional distance of 20 feet on the Orange County side is maintained in its existing vegetative state. The lease agreement is included in Appendix 1 to the Construction Plan application. Appendix 2 of the Construction Plan application contains
the legal description of the landfill property.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-2

2.0 WASTE STREAM

2.1 Types The landfill is permitted to accept construction and demolition (C&D) debris, land clearing debris, inert debris, and asphalt. Construction and demolition debris is defined in
NC General Statutes as waste or debris resulting solely from construction, remodeling,
repair, or the demolition of pavement, buildings, or other structures. Inert debris will include waste brick, block and uncontaminated soils. Specific waste may be accepted at the landfill if it is determined to be suitable by the Division of Solid Waste Management. The landfill operator will assume the
responsibility to inspect incoming waste and refuse questionable wastes until the waste involved is determined to be acceptable under the Division of Solid Waste Management’s “Procedure and Criteria for Waste Management Determination” which, under 15A NCAC 13B. 0103(d), will be used to determine whether a waste is:
(1) hazardous waste as defined by 15A NCAC 13A, and (2) suitable for disposal at a solid waste management facility. If there is an attempt to dispose of unpermitted waste at this facility, the Division of Solid Waste Management will be notified within 24 hours of the attempted disposal.
Orange County ceased operations and formally closed the onsite MSW Landfill in 2014. Currently municipal solid waste discovered in the C&D stream is either directed to outside MSW facilities (entire loads) or collected and transported to the City of Durham Transfer Station (Permit No. 3212-TRANSFER-2014). Other wastes handled at the
Eubanks Road facility, include white goods, clean metal, and recyclables are directed to special designated handling areas. These materials will not be disposed of in the C&D landfill. In accordance with Rule .0505(11)(b), no hazardous or liquid waste may be accepted
for disposal. The C&D landfill will also not accept the following items, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.10(f) and Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0542(e) except when defined as noted: • municipal solid waste (MSW), including household, commercial and industrial waste,
except where the Division finds that waste meets the requirements of Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0503(2)(d)(ii); • Garbage (putrescible waste)
• hazardous waste, including hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators; • polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761;
• barrels and drums (except fiber drums containing asbestos), unless they are empty and sufficiently perforated; • friable asbestos; • yard trash defined as solid waste consisting solely of vegetative matter resulting from landscaping maintenance;
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-3

• if received separate from the waste stream: lead pipes, bulbs, lighting ballast or fixtures, thermostats and light switches, transformers, capacitors, and CCA or creosote treated woods;
• Liquid wastes; • Medical waste; • Radioactive waste;
• Septage and sludge waste, unless for the sole utilization as a soil conditioner and in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0542(d); • Special wastes;
• White goods; • other wastes specifically banned from landfill disposal by rule or statute, such as acid batteries, tires, oil, and aluminum cans; • Previously crushed, unidentifiable C&D waste that is not from a facility that is permitted to provide such materials • Used oil • Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) • Aluminum cans • Whole scrap tires, as provided in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.58(b) • Lead-acid batteries, as provided in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.70 • Motor vehicle oil filters
• Recyclable rigid plastic containers • Wooden pallets, except that wooden pallets may be disposed of in a landfill that is permitted to only accept construction and demolition debris
• Oyster shells • Discarded computer equipment, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.131 • Discarded televisions, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.131
Wastes not listed above can generally be accepted at the landfill. A load inspection system has been established. The load inspection program is
largely based on the Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) “Waste Screening” Training Program. As an initial waste inspection, the scale attendant will determine from the waste hauler the nature and origin of the waste being delivered. Unacceptable waste discovered at
this point will either be turned away or directed to a proper disposal/handling facility. New or unfamiliar haulers will be subject to detailed questioning as to the character of their loads. Refer to Figures 1-3 of Appendix IV-C of the Operations Manual. Random inspections will be performed on incoming waste loads so as to screen out
the above listed wastes. Loads will be inspected at the frequency of at least 1% of the commercial and industrial haulers, or loads mixed with residential waste, but no less than 50 inspections per year. The facility operator will conduct detailed inspections of the loads of commercial
and industrial waste or loads mixed with residential waste. The waste load will be diverted to specially constructed pad made of low permeability earth near to the operating face. The pad is constructed as illustrated in Appendix IV-C of the Operations Manual.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-4

The incoming loads will be inspected as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of Appendix IV-C of the Operations Manual. A record will be kept of the inspection on a form similar to that illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of Appendix IV-C. Inspection records will be kept on file at the landfill office. Unacceptable waste may be photographed for purposed of maintaining
a complete record.
Unacceptable non-hazardous waste will be removed from the site by the hauler who brought it on site. Hazardous waste will be treated in accordance with the Contingency Plan located in the Waste Screening Procedure, Appendix IV-C of the Operations Manual.

In addition to the random screening described above, the equipment operators, spotter and on site inspector will observe the incoming waste as it is dumped during normal operations. If the material cannot be identified, the material will be relocated to the appropriate handling area or isolated as described under the Contingency Plan.

Records of inspections, rejected waste and unacceptable waste that was removed from the site will be kept in the Operating Record. The records will be kept for the life of the site plus thirty years. The Operating Record will be subject to inspection at any time.
Regulated hazardous waste found at the site will be reported to the NCDEQ Solid
Waste Section for consultation as to proper handling procedures. 2.2 Average Monthly Disposal Rates
The table below summarizes the tonnage landfilled at the facility. Daily waste intake is
based on 5½ days per week and 5 holidays per year. Table I-1 Landfilled Tonnage
Fiscal Year Tons Landfilled Tons Per Month,
Average
Tons Per Day, Average
2006 - 2010 50,824.84 1,037 44
2010 - 2011 7,944.41 662 28
2011 - 2012 7,492.07 624 27
2012 - 2013 8,358.83 697 30
2013 - 2014 6,570.33 548 23
2014 - 2015 6,318.77 527 23
2015 - 2016 7,114.23 593 25
Total 94,623.48 782 33
As shown, the average monthly tonnage rate is about 782 tons and the average
daily is approximately 33 tons. The actual monthly rate is seasonal- related and may vary
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-5

by +/- 20%. The actual daily rate may vary from the average by +/- 50%. The variation
is dependent upon a number of factors such as weather, holidays and local events. The site was mapped aerially on March 3, 2017. This mapping was compared with the base grades at Phase 1, which, as noted above, began filling on June 1, 2006. As
of the date of mapping, the site was filled to approximately 207,149 cubic yards during
the 10.1-year period. The site uses soil as weekly cover. Based on a 9:1 waste/soil ratio, the landfill uses approximately 27 cubic yards of cover soil per week. 2.3 Service Area
The landfill will accept waste only from within the County of Orange including the Towns of Chapel Hill, Hillsborough and Carrboro. 2.4 Segregated Management
The landfill is permitted as a C&D landfill. To the east and southeast of the landfill is facility Permit 68-01. Permit 68-01 includes a MSW landfill unit closed in 2014, a MSW landfill unit closed in 1998, and a C&D disposal unit closed in 2006. Each disposal unit has groundwater and gas monitoring systems.

2.5 Equipment The 68-04 facility currently uses the following equipment.
C&D Landfill:
• one dozer
• one compactor
Additional equipment can be obtained from other facility operations as needed.
The additional equipment includes, but may not be limited to:
Previous MSW Landfill Equipment:
• two compactors
• one dozer
• one Posi-Shell sprayer
• one water truck

Wood Grinding Operation:
• horizontal grinder
• track loader
• hydraulic excavator
• conveyor
• Trommel screen

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-6

Metal and Whitegoods Handling:
• hydraulic excavator
• two 90 cubic yard trailers
Mulch Management:
• one wheel loader Miscellaneous:
• dozer
• motor grader
• sweeper
• water truck
• repair truck This equipment is adequate for operations. Equipment from one area can
supplement equipment in other waste management areas. In the event of an extended breakdown of equipment, the County has funds set aside for temporary rental of replacement equipment. 3.0 LANDFILL CAPACITY

3.1 Capacity/Life Expectancy The total landfill capacity, the individual phase capacities, and projected year each phase begins are summarized in the following table.

Table I-2 Landfill Capacity
Phase Capacity (cubic yards)
Net
Remaining Airspace (cubic yards)
Area (Acres)
Remaining Site Life (years)
Projected Date Filled
Phase 1 (active) 282,000 74,800 7.7 9.4 2026
Phases 2 & 3 257,000 257,000 4.9 32.3 2058
Phases 4 & 5 189,000 189,000 N/A 23.7 2082
Final Cover 62,000 62,000 12.6 Total (Gross Capacity) 790,000 582,000 12.6 65.4
Notes: 1. Remaining Site life begins with a start date of March 3, 2017, the date of the latest aerial mapping. 2. Net Remaining Airspace and projected fill date assumes the utilization rate calculated between March 2011 and March 2015. 3. Phase capacity does not include final cover. Final cover volume is included as a separate line item and is included in the Gross Capacity volume.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-7

As of March 3, 2017, Phase 1 had a remaining airspace capacity of approximately
74,000 cubic yards. Assuming that the landfill usage remains relatively constant, Phase 1 will reach capacity in 2026. Again assuming that the usage remains relatively constant, Phases 2 and 3 will reach capacity in 2058, and Phases 4 and 5 will reach capacity in 2082.

Conceptual facility development will consist of five phases. Future Phases 2 through 5 will be addressed in detailed design in requests to construct and requests to operate those Phases. Phases 2 and 3 will be adjacent to Phase 1 on the eastern side, while Phases 4 and 5 will “over-fill” Phases 1 through 3, as shown on the cross-sections
on Sheet 7 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. The conceptual gross capacity of the
landfill is 790,000 cubic yards, which includes the volume of the final cap system. This gross capacity is a 1.9 percent increase from the previously permitted gross capacity of the landfill, specified in the Construction Plan Application prepared for this facility by Joyce Engineering, Inc. dated May 2003. The gross capacity of Phase 1 is 282,000 cubic
yards, approximately the same as the original Phase 1 capacity of 281,533 cubic yards.
3.2 Soil Resources
Soil excavated from Phase 1 was stockpiled in the future Phases 2 and 3 area.
This soil has been used for daily cover during operations. Additional soil is imported from local construction projects and stockpiled for weekly cover. 3.3 Required Soil Quantities
Table I-3 Soil Quantities Required Soil Volume, cy
Phase 1 - Development 8,000
Phase 1 - Weekly cover (26,000)
Phases 2 & 3 - Development (7,600)
Phases 2 & 3 - Weekly cover (24,000)
Phases 4 & 5 - Weekly cover (16,000)
Final cover (62,000)
Soil Balance (127,600)
Weekly cover volume assumes waste/soil ratio of 9:1. The quantities are rounded to the nearest 1,000 cubic yards.
3.4 Estimated Operating Life The landfill has an anticipated remaining operating life of approximately 65.4 years, beginning in March 3, 3017. Phase 1 has an anticipated remaining operating life of
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-8

approximately 9.4 years. It is possible that the next permit amendment application will
include development of Phases 2 and 3 if useage is increased. 4.0 CONTAINMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

The Orange County Landfill is designed to meet State Rules for containment as follows:
4.1 Cap Design
The final cover, or cap, will be placed on top of the intermediate cover. The following components, from the bottom up, are included in the cap design:
Geocomposite gas venting layer
18 inches infiltration layer @ 1x10-5 cm/sec 12 inches cushion layer of off-site material 6 inches off-site vegetative layer
4.2 Landfill Gas Detection Monitoring
Landfill gas monitoring probes have been installed around the perimeter of the landfill unit. The Gas Control Plan is included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report.

4.3 Landfill Gas Venting Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL) being detected in various probes, a landfill gas interception trench has been installed at the
facility. Initially, methane concentrations in GP-CD4 through GP-CD8, and GP-CD13
exceeded the LEL. During further investigation of landfill gas migration limits, monitoring of newly-constructed probes GP-CD6R and GP-CD8R indicated the presence of methane, with GP-CD5R in exceedance of the LEL. Through the installation and monitoring of probes GP-14 through GP-18 and a subsequent landfill gas migration
study, it was determined that a landfill gas interception trench should be installed along
the western perimeter of the waste disposal area. The location of trenching and vents is shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by Draper Aden Associates dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information, plans and specifications for the interception trench. The construction of the
trench is documented in a summary report which is included in NC DEQ solid waste
records as Document Identification Number 10320. The presence of methane along the western side of the C&D landfill is believed to have been the result of organic matter being buried beneath the area of the perimeter road
prior to the construction of the C&D landfill. It is believed that prior land clearing
activities were carried out in the area by pushing the vegetative cover towards the property boundary. By essentially capping this material with a road, gas was forced to
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Facility Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page I-9

migrate to the west to escape. The collection trench was installed between the line of
wells comprised of GP-CD6 through GP-CD08 and the line of replacement wells GP-CD6R through GP-CD08R. Results from monitoring the replacement gas wells following installation on the trench showed that the trench had the desired effect of eliminating the presence of methane at the property line.

A landfill gas venting system will be installed at the time of closure. The system includes landfill gas vents within the waste footprint and a landfill gas collection layer below the low-permeability component of the landfill cap. The gas venting system is described in the Gas Control Plan included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report.
Additional venting may be necessary as determined in accordance with the Gas Control
Plan. 4.4 Groundwater Monitoring
A network of monitoring wells is in place around the landfill. Groundwater
quality will be monitored from these wells under a separate Groundwater Monitoring Plan, included as Attachment IV-E to the Operations Report. 5.0 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT

There is no leachate collection or leachate management system in place or proposed for this facility. 6.0 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

6.1 Run-On Control System
6.1.1 Peak Flow The Rational Method, along with the North Carolina Erosion and
Sediment Planning and Design Manual, was used to determine peak flows in
various drainage areas on the site. The site was divided into several areas to efficiently size diversion ditches. A 25-year, 24-hour storm event was used as the design basis.
6.1.2 Design and Performance
The run on control system consists of a series of ditches along the perimeter of the landfill. Where access roads are adjacent to the landfill, the roadside ditch is sized and used as part of the run on control system. The
channels divert stormwater to the sedimentation basin and/or away from the
active section of the facility. Locations and dimensions of culverts and conveyance channels are shown on the plans.
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6.1.3 Construction The perimeter diversion ditches are to be constructed in accordance with the attached specifications. The construction inspection program will include
documentation of the dimensions of ditches (length, width, depth,) and slopes of
each ditch. 6.2 Run-Off Control System
6.2.1 Peak Flow Peak flow has been determined using the Rational Method and the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Planning and Design Manual. A 25-year, 24-hour
storm event was used as the design basis. Runoff is to be collected into diversion
ditches and directed to the sedimentation basin located as shown on the plans. 6.2.2 Design and Performance
Runoff is collected in the sedimentation basin, allowing sediment to settle
out and controlling the outflow. The basins have been designed previously using the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Planning and Design Manual as guidance. Locations and dimensions of culverts and conveyance channels are shown on the plans.

6.2.3 Construction Construction and inspection of run-off features will be in accordance with the specifications included in Appendix II-B of this plan and construction details
contained on the Drawings.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Engineering Plan Revised May 28, 2019

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL PERMIT AMENDMENT APPLICATION
SECTION II
ENGINEERING PLAN
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal - Engineering Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Table of Contents – Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 General .................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Project Title ..............................................................................................................1 1.2 Preparer of the Plans ................................................................................................1 1.3 Site Owner, Permittee and Operator ........................................................................1
1.4 Location of Facility ..................................................................................................1
1.5 General Facility Information....................................................................................2 1.6 General Site Plans ....................................................................................................5 2.0 Facility Design Standards ....................................................................................................8
2.1 Foundation ...............................................................................................................8
2.2 Cap System ..............................................................................................................9 2.3 Run-On Control System .........................................................................................10 2.4 Run-Off Control System ........................................................................................10 2.5 Landfill Gas Management System .........................................................................11
2.6 Groundwater Quality Monitoring System .............................................................12
3.0 Facility Design Summary ..................................................................................................13 3.1 Analytical Methods ................................................................................................13 3.2 Critical Conditions .................................................................................................13
3.3 Technical References .............................................................................................13
3.4 Local Restriction Demonstrations..........................................................................14 4.0 Materials and Construction Practices.................................................................................15
5.0 Design Hydrogeologic Report ...........................................................................................16
Attachments Attachment II-A Rare Species and Significant Natural Areas
Attachment II-B Technical Specifications
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1.0 GENERAL
1.1 PROJECT TITLE Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill

1.2 PREPARER OF THE PLANS Draper Aden Associates
114 Edinburgh South Drive Cary, NC 27511 Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]

1.3 SITE OWNER, PERMITTEE, AND OPERATOR The landfill is owned by the Orange County, North Carolina. Permit 68-04 is held by
Orange County. Orange County is the site operator. The landfill contact is: Name: Orange County Solid Waste Management
Address:

P.O. Box 17177
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
Phone: [phone] Attention: Mr. Bruce Woody Assistant Solid Waste Director Amendments, substantial amendments, or modifications to the permit will be submitted to
the Division in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0533. 1.4 LOCATION OF FACILITY
The Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill is located on SR 1727, Eubanks Road, in Orange County, North Carolina. The site is approximately 2.5 miles northwest of Chapel Hill and 3.5 miles north of Carrboro. A near vicinity map showing the site location is included on the cover sheet of the drawings.

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1.5 GENERAL FACILITY INFORMATION 1.5.1 Site Life and Capacity
Phase Capacity (cubic yards)
Net
Remaining Airspace (cubic yards)
Area (Acres)
Remaining
Site Life (years)
Projected Date Filled
Phase 1 (active) 282,000 74,800 7.7 9.4 2026
Phases 2 & 3 257,000 257,000 4.9 32.3 2058
Phases 4 & 5 189,000 189,000 N/A 23.7 2082 Final Cover 62,000 62,000 12.6
Total
(Gross Capacity) 790,000 582,000 12.6 65.4
Notes: 1. Remaining Site life begins with a start date of March 3, 2017, the date of the latest aerial mapping. 2. Net Remaining Airspace and projected fill date assumes the utilization rate calculated between March 2011 and March 2016. 3. Phase capacity does not include final cover and is included in the Gross Capacity volume. Between the opening of Phase 1 on June 1, 2006 and March 19, 2010, approximately 99,600 cubic yards of waste/soil were placed in Phase 1. This is approximately 20,750 cubic yards per year. Assuming a 5 ½ day work week, this is about
75 cubic yards per day. This total includes waste and weekly and intermediate cover materials. Between the March 2011 and March 2016, approximately 39,800 cubic yards of waste/soil were placed in Phase 1. The calculated Airspace Utilization Rate for this period
is approximately 7,900 cubic yards per year. Assuming a 5 ½ day work week, this is about 22 cubic yards per day including waste, weekly cover, and intermediate cover material. The total facility development will consist of five phases with a total remaining
expected life of approximately 65 years, beginning in March 3, 2017. Phase 2 will be developed adjacent to Phase 1 on the eastern side, Phase 3 will “over-fill” Phase 2, and Phases 4 and 5 will “over-fill” Phases 1 through 3 as shown on the cross-sections on Sheet 7.
The waste/soil volume remaining in Phase 1 is approximately 74,800 cubic yards. Assuming usage remains relatively constant, Phase 1 will reach capacity in July 2026. The waste/soil volume in Phases 2 and 3 is approximately 257,000 cubic yards. Again, assuming usage remains relatively constant, Phases 2 and 3 will reach capacity in October 2058. The waste/soil volume in Phases 4 and 5 is approximately 189,000 cubic yards.
Again, assuming usage remains relatively constant, Phases 4 and 5 will reach capacity in 2082. Including placement of the final cover, the gross capacity of the landfill is 790,000
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cubic yards. This gross capacity is approximately a 1.9 percent increase from the
previously permitted gross capacity of the landfill. The capacities in the above table were obtained by a grid-type volume calculation
in Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D. The calculations are a comparison of the permitted base
grades and the proposed grades as they are shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. Excavated material that is unsuitable for use as structural fill or for construction of the cap will be segregated for use as weekly cover. Approximately 8,000 net cubic yards
of material was excavated to construct the Phase 1 disposal area, sediment basin, and other
erosion control features. Approximately 7,600 net cubic yards of fill will be required to achieve base grades at Phases 2 and 3. The following soil balance table reflects a waste to soil ratio of 9:1:
Soil Volume, cy
Phase 1 - Development 8,000 (cut)
Phase 1 - Weekly cover (26,000)
Phases 2 & 3 - Development (7,600)
Phases 2 & 3 - Weekly cover (24,000)
Phases 4 & 5 - Weekly cover (16,000)
Final cover (62,000) Soil Balance (127,600)
Weekly cover volume assumes waste/soil ratio of 9:1. The quantities are rounded to the nearest 1,000 cubic yards. 1.5.2 Municipalities, Industries and Collection and Transportation Agencies Served The landfill accepts waste material from various commercial and residential sources from Orange County and all municipalities contained therein. 1.5.3 Waste Types and Quantities to be Processed The facility accepts construction and demolition (C&D) debris, land clearing debris, inert debris, and asphalt. All other waste is prohibited from disposal. Construction and demolition debris is waste or debris resulting solely from construction, remodeling, repair, or demolition operations on pavement, buildings, or other structures. Inert debris
will include waste brick, block, and uncontaminated soil. The C&D landfill accepted 67,520 tons of waste from June 1, 2006 through 2010, which is an average of 13,307 tons per year, or approximately 44 tons per day. The annual tonnage ranged from 8,324 tons in 2010 to a high of 17,791 tons in 2007. Monthly tonnages
landfilled averaged 1,026 tons.
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The landfill accepted approximately 43,800 tons of waste from July 1, 2010 through
June 30, 2016, which is an average of 7,300 tons per year, or approximately 26 tons per day. The annual tonnage ranged from 6,318 tons per year in FY 2014-2015 to a high of 8,359 tons in FY 2012-2013. Monthly average tonnages landfilled is about 608 tons.
From July 1, 2010, the following tons were placed in the landfill.

Fiscal Year Tons Landfilled Volume Used,
cy
Cumulative
Airspace Used, cy
Airspace
Remaining, cy
2010-2011 7944.41
2011-2012 7492.07 2012-2013 8358.83 5,292 137,100 144,900
2013-2014 6570.33 4,952 142,052 139,948
2014-2015 6318.77 8,029 150,081 131,919
2015-2016 7114.23 21,554 171,635 131,365
2016-2017 N/A 35,514 207,149 74,851

Based on 26 tons per day of incoming waste and 35.5 cubic yards of landfilled waste/soil per day at a 9:1 waste/soil ratio, the waste/soil has an in-place density of approximately 1,464 pounds per cubic yard. When mixed with soil, 1,173 pounds of waste will require one cubic yard of landfill airspace.
1.5.4 Flood Plains C&D waste is not located within the 100-year floodplain.
1.5.5 Site Access Access to the facility is controlled through a single entrance road. A gate controls access after operating hours. A sign containing the information required in Rule .0542(j)
(i.e., acceptable wastes, hours, permit number, etc.) is posted at the facility entrance. Waste collection vehicles are weighed in (and out if tare weights are not available for that vehicle) at the scale house. Signs are posted directing traffic to separate areas of the facility. Traffic will move from the scales to the landfill via an all-weather haul road. The layout of haul roads may change as needed during the course of landfill development so there is
convenient access to active disposal areas. Access roads are maintained to remain passable during most weather conditions. An attendant will remain on duty at the scale house during operating hours. The facility includes an undisturbed buffer through an easement agreement between
Orange County and Duke University. The 200-ft wide buffer will be maintained around the property boundary on the north and west between the C&D landfill and the Duke Forest.
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It also stipulates that an additional distance of 20 feet on the Orange County side be
maintained in its existing vegetative state. The easement is included in Appendix 1 to the Construction Plan Application. The eastern side of the facility is bounded by current recycling operations.

1.5.6 Utilities The entrance facility consists of a scale house which is equipped for use by the attendant with lights, phone and heat, as well as the scale equipment and computer.

A maintenance building and a recycling building are located on the property. Access to these buildings is from the east, through adjacent property owned by Orange County. These buildings will remain through the operation of Phase 1, but will be removed prior to construction of Phases 2 and 3. The buildings have electricity to provide heat and
lighting during inclement weather, telephone service to provide communications with the
emergency response authorities, and sanitary facilities for the convenience of the operators. 1.5.7 Aesthetics
No disposal activities will take place within the buffers set by the State. The buffers
are shown on the plan sheets. The buffers will be, to the greatest extent possible, left wooded to provide a visual and noise barrier. 1.5.8 Location of Cells
The horizontal limits of each phase are shown on Sheets 4 through 8 of the Permit Amendment drawings. The vertical limits of the phases are shown on the cross sections and on the Proposed Final Grades, Sheet 7. As the cross sections and contours demonstrates, at no point is the waste or the lining system within less than four feet of the
seasonal high groundwater level. The horizontal limits of waste are marked in the field.
1.5.9 Benchmarks Two temporary benchmarks have been established on site to facilitate construction
and operation of Phases 1 and 2. They have the following coordinates and elevations:

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Benchmark No. Description Northing Easting Elevation
TBM No. 1 Concrete Right of Way Monument 807134.8247 1974975.8820 542.69
TBM No. 2 Iron Pin in Property Line 805993.8517 1975671.9490 523.46

It may be necessary to establish additional benchmarks for future cell construction or other activities. 1.5.10 Borrow and Stockpile Areas
Soil excavated from Phase 1 was used as structural fill for roads or for the Phase 1 base grades or stockpiled for later use. Soil at this area has been used for weekly cover during operations. Additional soil is imported from local construction projects. Off-site soil will be needed for operations and closure.

1.6 GENERAL SITE PLANS 1.6.1 Existing Conditions
Sheet 2 of the attached plans shows the existing conditions at the site, including existing access roads, topography, structures, permitted waste limits, facility boundary, buffer zones, boring locations, property lines, and groundwater monitoring wells. Topography is based on an aerial surveys completed by Suttles Engineering on March 19, 2010 and by Summit Design and Engineering Services on March 3, 2017As reflected on
the topography, Phase 1 filling has reached grades as high as 560 feet in elevation. Topographic features shown above the 560 elevation are temporary stockpiled material. The site outside of the Phase 1 footprint, where landfilling has occurred, is characterized by gently sloping hillsides ranging in elevation from 510 to 560 feet above mean sea-level (MSL).

1.6.2 Base Grades Sheet 3, ‘Phase 1 Base Grades’, shows the base grades of the landfill at the time when Phase 1 was excavated to the subgrade. Base grades are a minimum of four feet
above the seasonal high groundwater level shown on the drawing. Waste was placed directly above these base grades. This drawing reflects site conditions at the time of construction of Phase 1, including proposed grading, access roads, stormwater controls and erosion and sediment controls. This drawing also shows the areas of the facility set aside for specific operational uses during Phase 1 including Phase 1 limits of waste, areas for
special waste handling within the landfill unit, waste storage, and recycling operations.
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Base grades are used to calculate the cumulative airspace volume presented as presented
in the previous sections. Sheet 4, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Base Grades/Intermediate Grades’, shows the maximum grades that will occur during Phase 1 filling, as well as the cell development of Phases 2
and 3. The waste will be placed directly above these Phases 2 and 3 base grades. The
Phase 1 grades shown on this drawing represent the grades of the top of the waste, not the final grades. Also shown are access road, stormwater controls and erosion and sediment controls as well as the areas of the facility that will be set aside for specific operational uses during Phases 2 and 3 including Phases 1 through 3 limits of waste, areas for special waste
handling within the landfill unit, waste storage, and recycling operations.
1.6.3 Intermediate Grades Sheet 4, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Base Grades/Intermediate Grades’, shows the maximum
grades that will occur during Phase 1 filling. Sheet 5, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Intermediate Grades’,
shows the maximum grades that will occur during filling. The grades shown on this drawing represent the grades of the top of the waste, not the final grades. Also shown are access roads, erosion and sediment control measures, and stormwater controls.
1.6.4 Final Grades Sheet 6, ‘Proposed Final Grades’, shows the final grades, after installation of the landfill cap, of Phases 1 and 2 including access roads, stormwater controls and erosion and sediment controls. Final contours have been designed with post-settlement surface slopes
of at least five percent on top of the phase, and a maximum of 3.5 horizontal to 1 vertical
(3.5H:1V) on the side slopes. Details of the proposed closure cap are provided on Sheet 8. 1.6.5 Cross Sections
Sheet 7 of the attached plans show cross sections of the landfill. The cross sections
are located on the state’s grid system which is shown on the plans. The coordinates of the cross sections and grid lines are North 807,340 and East 1,974,169. The cross sections show existing grade as well as the proposed final grade.
1.6.6 Details
Sheet 8 provides construction details for the cap and for base grade preparation, a typical section for construction of the landfill perimeter, and details for the landfill gas vents and probes. Sheets 9 and 10 show details of proposed permanent and temporary
erosion and sediment control best management practices.

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2.0 FACILITY DESIGN STANDARDS

2.1 FOUNDATION 2.1.1 Design Description
Geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics are discussed within the approved Site Plan Application and the Addendum to the Site Plan Application. The landfill foundation consists of a thin layer of native soil material above the bedrock. The bedrock underlying the site consists of the “volcanic rock with associated sediments and subvolcanic plutonic rock” that are characteristic to the “Carolina Slate Belt”.
The soil underlying the site consists of “dacitic to rhyolitic lithic tuffs, and by volcaniclastic epiclastics such as light to medium greenish-gray conglomerates, graywackes, and argillites.”
2.1.2 Subsurface Exploration Data The results of the subsurface exploration performed by Joyce Engineering are contained in the approved Site Plan Application and the Addendum to the Site Plan Application.

2.1.3 Engineering Analyses 2.1.3.1 Settlement Potential
Site conditions encountered during the subsurface exploration program are expected to adequately support landfill construction without significant differential settlement. The subgrade consists of stiff residual soils which transition to weathered rock. Also, rock pinnacles are encountered in the subsurface profile. This type of subgrade is capable of supporting the landfill loads with little
settlement. No manmade features or events that may result in a subsequent failure of containment structures are present on site. The proposed tract of land does not contain geologically unstable soils, sink holes, caverns or underground mines.
2.1.3.2 Bearing Capacity and Stability The boring logs indicate the blow counts for the Standard Penetration Test for the majority of the landfill are well over 100, indicating that there should be no
difficulty with bearing capacity or stability.
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2.1.3.3 Bottom Heave or Blow-out
Conditions necessary for bottom heave are not present at the landfill site. The phase elevations are a minimum of four feet above the maximum seasonal ground water elevation. The absence of a water table within the area of cuts and
fills eliminates hydrostatic pressures. If it did exist, the weight of the cushion and
refuse load should provide adequate weight to prevent bottom heave or blow-out. In addition, the base grade excavation of large portions of the site and construction of a deep drainage ditch should lower the groundwater level, further reducing the chances of bottom heave.

2.2 CAP SYSTEM Final grading of the site will be in accordance with the approved, and attached, plans. The
landfill will be brought to the final grades shown, using the appropriate landfilling methods described
in the Operations Report. The final cap will be installed after the final grades are reached. If needed at the time of closure, stockpiled soil material will be graded on site so that no stockpiles are left after closure. Side slopes on the fill are not to exceed 3.5:1 (28.6 percent).
Diversion berms will be placed along the side slopes to intercept and divert stormwater runoff and
limit erosion on the slopes. On the flatter top slopes, positive drainage will be maintained to reduce pooling of water on the fill. The top slope is to be a minimum of 5 percent. Diversion berms and downchutes will be constructed on the top slope to reduce channelization of runoff which may erode the final cover material. The cap will be installed in accordance with the attached specifications.

The cap to be placed on the landfill will consist of four layers. The top layer will be a minimum six inch layer of topsoil or amended soil. This layer will serve as a vegetative layer to promote growth of grass. The second layer will consist of a 12-inch cushion layer to protect the cap system from freezing and other environmental stresses. This layer will consist of soils with no specific
permeability requirement needed. The third layer will be a minimum 18-inch infiltration barrier layer
of soil having a minimum permeability of 1 x 10-5 cm/sec that will drain to a ditch at the toe of the slope. The fourth layer will be a geocomposite gas collection medium, consisting of a drainage geonet with a nonwoven geotextile on either side. The cap will be placed on top of the intermediate/weekly cover soil layer which consists of 12 inches of soil placed as an operational cover over inactive areas
waiting for final cover.
Slope stability calculations are also included in Section 2.1.4.1. Specification Section 02292 of the Specifications in Attachment II-B of this plan contains
detailed requirements for soil cap installation, QC/QA and inspection. Testing will be in accordance
with the Construction Quality Assurance Plan. Testing documentation will be forwarded to the Division for their review and approval.
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2.3 RUN-ON CONTROL SYSTEM
2.3.1 Peak Flow The Rational Method, along with the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment
Planning and Design Manual, was used to determine peak flows in various drainage areas
on the site. The site was divided into several areas to efficiently size diversion ditches. A 25-year, 24-hour storm event was used as the design basis. 2.3.2 Design and Performance
The run on control system consists of a series of ditches along the perimeter of the landfill. Where access roads are adjacent to the landfill, the roadside ditch is sized and used as part of the run on control system. The channels divert stormwater to the sedimentation basin and/or away from the active section of the facility. Locations and
dimensions of culverts and conveyance channels are shown on the plans.
2.3.3 Construction The perimeter diversion ditches have been constructed, or are to be constructed, in accordance with the attached specifications. The construction inspection program will
include documentation of the dimensions of ditches (length, width, depth,) and slopes of
each ditch. 2.4 RUN-OFF CONTROL SYSTEM
2.4.1 Peak Flow Peak flow has been determined using the Rational Method and the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Planning and Design Manual. A 25-year, 24-hour storm event was
used as the design basis. Runoff is to be collected into diversion ditches and directed to
the sedimentation basin located as shown on the plans. Peak flows to drainage structures for Phase 1 site conditions are indicated in the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan included in the Construction Plan Application. 2.4.2 Design and Performance
Permanent diversion berms will be used to reduce erosion on the slopes of the landfill. The diversion berms will be placed to keep the overland flow from exceeding 200 feet, with most slope lengths less than 150 feet. The diversion berms discharge into
downchutes which empty into stormwater channels around the perimeter of the landfill
cell. The channels will carry flow to the sediment basin. Diversion berm channels are to be lined with soil stabilization matting; downchutes are lined with an erosion control mat product called Flexamat®; perimeter channels will be either grass/matting or a riprap/erosion control mat as shown on the drawings.
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Runoff is collected in the sedimentation basin, allowing sediment to settle out and controlling the outflow. The basin was designed previously using the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Planning and Design Manual as guidance. Design calculations for the sedimentation basin were included in the previously submitted and approved
Construction Plan Application.
2.4.3 Construction Construction and inspection of run-off features will be in accordance with the
specifications included in Attachment II-B of this plan and construction details contained
on the Drawings. The sedimentation basin was constructed with the development of Phase 1.
2.5 LANDFILL GAS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2.5.1 System Design Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL) being
detected in various probes, a landfill gas interception trench has been installed at the
facility. Initially, methane concentrations in GP-CD4 through GP-CD8, and GP-CD13 exceeded the LEL. Through further investigation of landfill gas migration limits, monitoring of newly-constructed probes GP-CD6R and GP-CD8R indicated the presence of methane, with GP-CD5R in exceedance of the LEL. Through the installation and
monitoring of probes GP-14 through GP-18 and a subsequent landfill gas migration study,
it was determined that a landfill gas interception trench should be installed along the western perimeter of the waste disposal area. This trench has been installed since the 2012 C&D Permit Modification. The location of trenching and vents is shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by Draper Aden Associates,
dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information, proposed actions,
plans and specifications for the landfill gas interception trench. The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by Draper Aden Associates dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information, plans and specifications for the interception trench.
A landfill gas venting system will be installed at the time of closure. The system
includes landfill gas vents within the waste footprint and a landfill gas collection layer below the low-permeability component of the landfill cap. The gas venting system is described in the Gas Control Plan included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report. Additional venting may be necessary as determined in accordance with the Gas Control
Plan.
2.5.2 Installation
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Installation of the landfill gas interception trench, and of future landfill gas
management components if necessary, was in accordance with the specifications contained in the Landfill Gas Remediation Plan.
2.5.3 Monitoring Methane monitoring probes have been installed during the first phase of the landfill. The probes are spaced around the perimeter of the landfill unit. Monitoring frequency and techniques are described in the ‘Closure’ section of this report.

2.6 GROUNDWATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM A groundwater quality monitoring plan is included as Attachment IV-E to the Operations
Report. The plan represents the controlling document for obtaining and analyzing representative
groundwater samples from the uppermost aquifer underlying the existing facility.
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3.0 FACILITY DESIGN SUMMARY

3.1 ANALYTICAL METHODS The following landfill design features were determined with the aid of the described
analytical method:
3.1.1 Drainage and Erosion and Sediment Control The Rational Method along with the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control
Planning and Design Manual, was used to determine peak flows in various drainage basins on the site. The site was divided into several areas to efficiently size diversion ditches. A 25 year 24- hour storm event was used as the design basis. 3.1.2 Storm Piping The North Carolina Department of Transportation Drainage Manual was used to determine the size of culverts needed. The Concrete Pipe Handbook, issued by the American Concrete Pipe Association, was used to determine the class of pipe required for the field conditions.
3.2 CRITICAL CONDITIONS The critical conditions evaluated and assumptions made are described in each part of this
Engineering Plan for the particular system. 3.3 TECHNICAL REFERENCES
The following technical references were used in the design. a. “Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual”, by the North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, and the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service.
b. North Carolina Department of Transportation Drainage Manual.

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3.4 LOCAL RESTRICTION DEMONSTRATIONS
3.4.1 Floodplains (Rule .0503 (1)(a)) The Site Plan Application indicates that “there are no floodplains on the proposed
site, and there are no floodplains within one-quarter mile radius of the proposed site”.
3.4.2 State Nature and Historic Preserve (Rule .0503 (1)(b)) The Site Plan Application indicates that “the site is not expected to cause an adverse
impact on a State Park, recreation or scenic area”. Attachment II-A contains a study
performed by Soil & Environmental Consultants, Inc. as a part of the Site Plan Application, and correspondence from the DENR Division of Parks and Recreation on significant natural areas in the landfill area.
3.4.3 Airport Safety (Rule .0503 (1)(c))
In accordance with Rule .10503(1)(c), “A new site disposing of putrescible wastes shall not be located within 10,000 feet of an airport runway used by turbojet aircraft or within 5,000 feet of an airport runway used by piston-type aircraft”. The Site Plan
Application indicates that “although this application is for non-putrescible waste, it should
be noted that there are no airport runways within 5000 feet of the site”. A copy of portion of the USGS quadrangle sheet for the region is included in Attachment II-A. 3.4.4 Suitable Cover Soils (Rule .0503 (1)(d))
According to the Site Plan Application, borings that were done as a part of the site study indicate that “it appears that suitable cover materials are available on site. However, if the property is developed to its maximum potential, it appears likely that borrow material for operational cover would need to be obtained from an adjacent landfill-owned property.
A detailed borrow study would be completed prior to site development which would
provide additional information concerning the quality and quantity of on-site soils”. Suitable on-site and off-site soils will be used for weekly and final cover. Testing of soils will be in accordance with the Construction Quality Assurance Plan.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal- Engineering Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page II - 15

4.0 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES

Initial site preparation consists of installing necessary erosion and sediment control measures and clearing and grubbing of the project area. Construction includes earthwork and grading, installation of portions of the cap as the landfill operation progresses, and construction of drainage features.

Construction will be in accordance with the attached specifications. Construction elevations and locations will be based on the benchmarks established in the field. If the points are lost or destroyed or require relocation, new points will be established by professionally qualified personnel. Field measurements will also be performed by qualified personnel.

Unforeseen subsurface or latent physical conditions that differ from the plans or geotechnical report will be reported to the County and Engineer. Such unforeseen or differing conditions may warrant further investigations and testing to confirm compliance with the landfill construction design.

Copies of specifications, drawings, addenda, modifications, shop drawings, and samples will be kept at the site. No change will be made during construction prior to the approval of the site engineer and those changes will be noted on the records and the records will be made available to the Engineer and County. Revised records will be delivered to the Engineer upon completion
of the work.
Photographs will be used to document progression of the work in conjunction with the as-built records.
Sampling and testing procedures will be in accordance with the attached specifications.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Renewal- Engineering Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Page II - 16

5.0 DESIGN HYDROGEOLOGIC REPORT

A Hydrogeologic Report is included as Section 4 of the Site Plan Application by Joyce Engineering.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Engineering Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment II-A

ATTACHMENT II-A

RARE SPECIES AND SIGNIFICANT NATURAL AREAS
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Engineering Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment II-B

ATTACHMENT II-B TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Engineering Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment II-B

EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 01560 Erosion and Sediment Control Section 01580 Project Coordination
Section 01720 Project Record Documents Section 02110 Sitework Procedures Section 02200 Earthwork Section 02209 Erosion/Vegetative Support Layer (Cap Soil Cushion) Section 02221 Trenching, Backfilling and Compacting
Section 02292 Infiltration Barrier Layer (Compacted Soil Cap) Section 02420 Surface Runoff Collection System Section 02480 Landfill Seeding Section 13302 Geocomposite Drainage Net Section 13320 Landfill Gas Vents
Section 13322 Landfill Gas Detection Probes Section 15060 Pipe and Pipe Fittings
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 01560 - 1

SECTION 01560
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
Part 1 General 1.01. Requirements Include
Provide personnel, equipment, materials, and supplies to prevent erosion and control sediment during the construction period. Comply with local and state erosion control regulations. Comply with erosion and sediment controls as set forth on the construction drawings. CONTRACTOR is solely responsible for control of erosion on site and is
responsible for taking any and all measures to prevent and control erosion. Measures may
be necessary above and beyond those shown on the drawings and CONTRACTOR shall implement those additional measures. The CONTRACTOR shall install additional measures required by the COUNTY but not shown on the plans. The CONTRACTOR shall be entitled to compensation for additional measures that must be installed in the area
of the work shown on the plans, unless they are required solely for the CONTRACTOR’s
convenience or because of improvements or activities by the CONTRACTOR not shown on the plans. Measures installed in conjunction with the development and operations of borrow and stockpile areas shall be considered incidental to construction and additional
compensation will not be paid.
1.02. Related Requirements North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual.

Part 2 Products 2.01. Filter Fabric Siltation Control Fences
Filter fabric used in siltation control fences (silt fence) shall be woven or non-woven geotextile fabric which is resistant to ultra-violet light and specifically manufactured to be used for silt fences. Acceptable manufacturers include Mirafi, Inc., Amoco, or approved equal. Fence height shall be 36 inches.
2.02. Riprap Riprap used shall be in accordance with NCDOT specifications.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 01560 - 2

2.02. Permanent Erosion Control Matting (Flexamat ®)
Permanent waterways where higher flow velocities are anticipated such as stormwater conveyance channels and downchutes will be lined with Flexamat ® concrete block mat
where indicated on the drawings. Flexamat is an alternative to rip-rap, and filter fabric or
gravel underlining as described in in the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning Design Manual, Spec. 6.15. Flexamat assists in the establishment of permanent vegetation in waterways by reducing soil erosion of newly seeded waterways.
Flexamat consists of concrete blocks that are cast into a high strength polypropylene bi-
axial geogrid with a maximum spacing of 2". Concrete has a minimum compressive strength of 4,000 psi at 28 days, and a minimum weight of 3 lb. per block. The polypropylene bi-axial geogrid is designed to have an Ultimate Tensile Strength of 2000 lb/lf, and contains 2% Carbon Black Content for UV Stabilization. Flexamat Plus is backed
with degradable Curlex® II erosion control blanket. (www.flexamat.com).
Flexamat will be installed after the application of permanent seed, mulch and fertilizer in accornce with Spec. 6.11 of the NC E&SC Planning Design Manual.

2.03. Erosion Control Blanket Erosion Control Blanket shall be North American Green S150 or approved equal.

Part 3 Execution 3.01. General
Prior to significant disturbance of the site, perimeter erosion control shall be established in order to prevent uncontrolled drainage from leaving the limits of construction or from reaching State waters. Sediment barriers shall be constructed as soon as possible.
3.02. Installation A. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the following activities: B. A continuous siltation barrier shall be down slope from construction activities as
indicated on the plans to control sediment runoff. Barriers shall be placed around
stockpiled material subject to erosion. C. Silt fences shall be installed as per the manufacturer's directions. The fence shall be supported by wooden or metal posts driven at least two feet into the ground and
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 01560 - 3

spaced no further than eight feet apart. Eight inches of the fabric shall be put in a trench facing the erosion source. The trench shall be backfilled after placing the fabric.

C. Flexamat ® channel lining shall be installed per the manufacturer's specifications. The product shall be placed over the finished channel grade following the installation of seed, mulch and fertilizer. Panels shall be overlapped and secured per the manufacturers specifications.

D. CONTRACTOR shall inspect erosion and sediment control features at least weekly and after each rain storm. Make necessary repairs or clean-up to maintain the effectiveness of the feature immediately.
Part 4 Maintenance A. In general, erosion and sediment control measures will be checked weekly by the CONTRACTOR and after each significant rainfall. Temporary and permanent
seeding shall be completed in accordance with Section 02480. The following will
be checked in particular: 1. Silt fences for signs of clogging.
2. Sediment basin to verify adequacy and to make sure the outfalls and connecting existing grades have positive slope away from the disposal unit. 3. Check dams for signs of clogging.

4. Perimeter surface berms for signs of erosion damage and adequacy. 5. Flexamat channels shall be inspected for evidence of bare soil or damage to the mat structure. Re-apply seed and much if necessary. Damaged sections shall be replaced with new panels or panel sections as recommended by the
manufacturer.
B. Upon finding that a measure has failed or filled, the CONTRACTOR shall repair said measure at no additional cost to the COUNTY.
C. It shall be the sole responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to adequately control dust
which is created as a result of their construction activity. END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 01580 - 1

SECTION 01580
PROJECT COORDINATION
Part 1 General
1.01. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for coordinating construction activities with their subcontractors and with the COUNTY to maintain the uninterrupted use of the active landfill.
1.02. CONTRACTOR shall coordinate construction activities with other Contractors on the site.
1.03. Additionally, the CONTRACTOR shall cooperate fully with the COUNTY about landfill operating hours, and shall confirm that gates are locked and access to the public controlled after landfill hours.

Part 2 Products Not Used

Part 3 Execution 3.01. Superintendent
CONTRACTOR shall identify personnel as superintendent of the site in writing to the COUNTY and Engineer. The CONTRACTOR’s superintendent shall maintain a presence at the site during all construction activities related to the project. The superintendent shall not be changed without the consent of the COUNTY unless the superintendent ceases to
be employed by the CONTRACTOR.
3.02. Access Every CONTRACTOR, subcontractor, supplier, or delivery vehicle using the landfill
entrance shall stop at the scales and identify themselves to the landfill staff before entering
the site. Repeated violations of this requirement may result in the subcontractor or supplier being barred from the site.
END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 01720 - 1

SECTION 01720 PROJECT RECORD DOCUMENTS
Part 1 General Throughout progress of work, maintain an accurate record of changes in the Contract Documents.
Upon completion of work, transfer the recorded changes to a set of Record Documents. This
includes modifications to piping, roads, utilities, grading structures, limits of waste placement, and monitoring devices.
Part 2 Products
Not Used
Part 3 Execution
3.01. Accuracy of Records
Thoroughly coordinate changes within the Record Documents, making adequate and
proper entries on each page of Specifications and each sheet of Drawings and other documents where such entry is required to properly show the change. Record accuracy shall be such that future searches for items shown in Contract Documents may reasonably rely on information obtained from approved Record Documents.

3.02. Timing of Entries Make entries within 24 hours after receipt of information. 3.03. Submittals The Engineer's approval of current status of Record Documents shall be a prerequisite to the Engineer's approval of requests for progress payment and request for final payment under Contract.
3.04. Protection of Documents Use all means necessary to maintain the job set of Record Documents completely protected from deterioration and from loss and damage until completion of Work and transfer of
recorded data to the final Record Documents.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 01720 - 2

3.05. Making Entries on Documents Using an erasable colored pencil (not ink or indelible pencil), clearly describe the change
by note and by graphic line, as required. Date entries. Call attention to entry by a "cloud"
around the area or areas affected. 3.06. Conversion of Schematic Layouts
In some cases on the Drawings, arrangement of conduits and circuits, piping, and other
similar items is shown schematically and is not intended to portray precise physical layout. Final physical arrangement is as determined by the CONTRACTOR, subject to the Engineer's approval. Design of future modifications of the facility may require accurate information as to the final physical arrangement of items which are shown only
schematically on the Drawings. The Engineer may waive the requirements for conversion
of schematic data where, in the Engineer's judgment, such conversion serves no beneficial purpose. However, do not rely upon waivers being issued except as specifically issued in writing by the Engineer. 3.07. Accuracy of Entries
Use all means necessary, including the proper tools for measurement, to determine actual locations of the installed items.
3.08. Final Documents A. The purpose of the final Record Documents is to provide factual information regarding all aspects of Work, both concealed and visible, to enable future
modification of the design to proceed without lengthy and expensive site
measurement, investigation, and examination. B. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for maintaining an accurate set of Record Drawings on the construction site. Record Drawings shall accurately reflect grades
and locations and changes or modifications to the plans. Upon completion of the
project, the Record Drawings shall be submitted to the QA Engineer. C. The Final Record Documents shall include a bound record of Quality Control Tests performed by the CONTRACTOR on materials and workmanship and certification
of the soil fill, piping, and appurtenances.
END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02110 - 1

SECTION 02110 SITEWORK PROCEDURES
Part 1 General 1.01. Scope
Sitework shall include site preparation of the capping of the disposal areas, earthwork, and site improvements. 1.02. Related Requirements
Section 01560 Erosion and Sediment Control Section 02200 Earthwork 1.03. Quality Assurance
A. Prior to beginning work, become thoroughly familiar with site conditions and sections of the Division.
B. Comply with pertinent codes and regulations.
1.04. Permits Obtain required permits from appropriate authorities before sitework begins.

1.05. Maintaining Traffic A. Do not close or obstruct roadways.
B. Conduct operations with minimum interference to landfill access road.
Part 2 Products Not Used

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02110 - 2

Part 3 Execution 3.01. Site Inspection
Prior to work of this division, carefully inspect the entire site and objects designated to be removed and to be preserved. 3.02. Clarification
The drawings do not propose to show all objects existing on the site. Before commencing work in this Division, verify with the Engineer objects not clearly identified to be removed or to be preserved and discrepancies not fully resolved.
3.03. Prior Conditions Inspections
Prior to work of this section, carefully inspect the existing conditions. In the event of discrepancy, immediately notify the COUNTY and do not proceed with installation in non-conforming areas until identified discrepancies have been fully resolved.

3.04. Protection and Safety Verify required protection devices are in place and operational.

3.05. Preparation and Layout A. Establish extent of sitework by area and elevations; designate and identify datum elevation.

B. Set required lines and levels. C. Maintain bench marks, monuments and other reference points.
3.06. Excess Water Control A. Do not place, spread, or roll fill material during unfavorable weather conditions. Do not resume operations until moisture content and fill density are satisfactory.
B. Provide berms or channels to run-off into subgrade; promptly remove water collecting
in depressions. C. Provide and maintain at all times during construction, ample means and devises with which to promptly remove and dispose of water from every source entering the
excavations. De-water by means which will promote dry excavations and the
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02110 - 3

preservation of the final lines and grades of bottoms of excavations. 3.07. Surplus Materials
A. Remove surplus backfill materials from site, or as otherwise directed by COUNTY. B. Leave stockpile areas completely free of excess fill materials.
3.08. Removal of Debris
A. Promptly remove cleared debris from site. B. Remove surplus equipment and tools from the site.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02200 - 1

SECTION 02200 EARTHWORK
Part 1 General The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing labor, equipment, and
materials to perform excavation and other earth moving operations, including construction and
maintenance of necessary haul roads, structural fills and berms. This section does not pertain to the cap infiltration barrier layer or the cap cushion layer. Part 2 Products
2.01. Fill Material - General A. It is intended that on site soils and broken or weathered rock will be used as fill
material to the extent possible.
B. If off-site soils are to be used, the CONTRACTOR shall identify the source a minimum of 3 weeks in advance of intent to import. The COUNTY’s Quality
Control personnel shall be given access to the site to obtain necessary samples for
testing and proofing of the soil material. 2.02. Suitable Fill and Backfill
A. Suitable soil for fill and backfill shall be free of roots, limbs, trash, excessive
organics and deleterious material. The maximum particle size for suitable soil shall be three inches in the top 12” of fill, and six inches within the next 24” of fill depth. Refer to the table below. Where the fill is deeper than 36”, the maximum particle sizes shown in the table occasionally will be allowed if placed at the base of the fill
and compaction of soil is performed around the individual pieces of rock using a
suitable combination of mechanical equipment and/or powered hand equipment. Fill Depth Maximum Particle Size Up to 12” 3”
12” to 36” 6”
36” to 60” 18” 60” + 36”
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02200 - 2

B. Soil will meet the classification of SM, SC, ML, CL, or CL-ML by ASTM D2487 standards. Minimum soil properties will be as follows:
• Liquid Limit (LL) ≥ 20
• Plastic Limit (PL) ≥ 10
• Plasticity Index (PI) ≥ 10
The CQA Engineer shall approve soils. 2.03. Unsuitable Soil and Backfill
Unsuitable soil for fill and backfill shall be topsoil or soil containing roots, limbs, trash, excessive organics or deleterious material. In addition, unsuitable soil shall be soil not meeting the requirements of Section 2.02, above. Part 3 Execution
3.01. General A. Strip topsoil to full depth, stockpile separate from other excavated materials and
pile free of roots, stones, and other undesirable materials. Follow guidelines in the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning Design Manual to control erosion. Depressions caused by removal of stumps or the clearing operation shall be excavated to firm subgrade.
B. The CONTRACTOR shall perform excavations described in whatever substance encountered to dimensions and elevations shown on the drawings. Excavation shall be unclassified. C. Existing utilities, structures, and fencing shall be protected during the construction
period, and if damaged or removed by the CONTRACTOR, shall be repaired or replaced by the CONTRACTOR at no additional cost to the COUNTY. D. The COUNTY shall retain a Quality Assurance Officer to monitor Earthwork included in this section. The QAO shall be present on site during subgrade approval
and fill and backfill operations. 3.02. Subgrade Approval Subsequent to clearing, grubbing and stripping, subgrades to receive structures or fill shall
be evaluated prior to fill placement by the QAO. Such evaluation shall include the observation of subgrade performance during proofrolling with a loaded tandem dump truck
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02200 - 3

provided by the CONTRACTOR. At least three passes are to be made with a fully loaded tandem dump truck. Areas which are deemed unsuitable for fill placement by the QAO shall be clearly identified by horizontal and vertical extent with recommendations for
improvements and submitted to the Engineer for further action. Written approval of
subgrade preparation must be provided by the QAE and QAO prior to placement of the infiltration barrier layer. 3.03. Moisture Content
Fill and backfill soil shall be compacted at a moisture content within a range of + 3% of the optimum moisture content, unless otherwise approved by the QAE. As required, fill and backfill soil shall be dried by aerating with a scarifier, disc harrow, blade or other equipment or by such other means as may be necessary. As required, fill and backfill soil
shall be wetted by the use of water trucks or sprinklers. Dried or wetted fill or backfill soil
shall be thoroughly mixed to provide a material of uniform moisture content. 3.04. Depth and Mixing of Fill Layers
Fill and backfill soil shall be placed in layers which when compacted shall generally not
exceed six inches (6"). Each layer shall be spread evenly and shall be thoroughly bladed and mixed during the spreading to confirm uniformity of material in each layer. See 2.02 regarding maximum particle sizes and soil classification.
3.05. Compaction of Fill A. Compaction of each layer, unless otherwise specified, as shown on the Contract Drawings and determined in the field shall be continuous over its entire area and
the compaction equipment shall make sufficient trips such that the required density
has been obtained. After each layer has been placed, mixed and spread evenly, it shall be thoroughly compacted in six inch (6") maximum compacted thickness lifts. The minimum dry density of the soil shall be at least ninety five percent (95) of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698 (standard Proctor) under
structures, paved areas, or embankments, unless otherwise shown on the Contract
Drawings. Where large pieces of broken, weathered rock are placed in the fill, soil shall be compacted around the rock with hand operated mechanical equipment. B. Compaction equipment shall be of such design that it will be able to compact the
fill to the specified density. Prior to placing the fill, at the preconstruction meeting
or a minimum of 7 days prior to usage, the CONTRACTOR shall submit to the CQA Engineer, for approval, a list of compaction equipment to be used. The CQA Engineer shall have 7 days to approve or disapprove the list. The list shall include the type of equipment, manufacturer and size.
C. If, in the opinion of the CQA Engineer, the compaction equipment is not acceptable,
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02200 - 4

the CONTRACTOR may demonstrate the suitability of such equipment in a test area within the prepared fill site.
D. Fill faces shall be compacted. Compacting operations shall be continued until the
slope faces are stable but not too dense for planting and there is no appreciable amount of loose soil on the surface. E. Surfaces to receive a subsequent lift shall be scarified in order to tie the lifts together.
Acceptable scarification shall include complete coverage of the liner surface with a
partially penetrating or fully penetrating roller, or with partially penetrating pads on a dozer. No smooth surface shall remain prior to placement of a lift. 3.06. Quality Control
See Construction Quality Assurance Plan. 3.07. Surface Water
Fill areas shall be kept free of standing water with positive drainage maintained. Sloping
of the fill surface and drainage ditches shall be provided to carry off water as it collects. Pumping of water shall be required to remove water from areas which cannot drain naturally. Water removed by pumping will be deposited such that it will be routed to an on-site drainage ditch and then to the sediment basin.
3.08. Seasonal Limits No fill material shall be placed, spread or rolled while the ground is frozen or thawing, or
during unfavorable weather conditions. When the work is interrupted by inclement
weather, fill operations shall not be resumed until the moisture content and density of the previously placed fill are as specified. Fill surfaces exposed to inclement weather or standing water shall be scarified to a depth of 6 inches, compacted and tested prior to placing addition fill lifts.
3.09. Integrity of the Work It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility to maintain the integrity of the work. Work which is damaged by weather or construction activities shall be restored and retested at the
CONTRACTOR's expense.
END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02209 - 1

SECTION 02209
EROSION/VEGETATIVE SUPPORT LAYER (CAP SOIL CUSHION)
Part 1 General
1.01. Requirements Included
Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to excavate, haul, and place a minimum twelve (12) inch erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) above the infiltration
barrier layer according to the plans and a minimum six (6) inch layer of topsoil or amended
soil above the erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) to promote vegetative growth.
1.02. Related Requirements Construction Quality Assurance Manual

Part 2 Products
2.01. Erosion/Vegetative Support Layer A. The erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) shall be soil free of debris, roots
and other organic matter, frozen material, sharp objects or other harmful matter that
may damage the cap. This soil shall have no particle size greater than 2 inches. The soil used in the erosion/vegetative support layer shall be a fine-grained soil, based on the Unified Soil Classification System, capable of supporting vegetative growth.
B. Soil for the erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) shall come from either on-site stockpiles or off-site sources.
C. Laboratory tests will be required in accordance with the Construction Quality Assurance Manual.
2.02. Topsoil or Amended Soil Layer Topsoil shall be capable of promoting and sustaining vegetative growth. The topsoil shall be either topsoil or soil mixed with other suitable organic amendment. The soil or soil
mixture shall be free of debris, large roots, stumps, or frozen material.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02209 - 2

Part 3 Execution 3.01. The erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) shall be a uniformly spread lift of soil
with a minimum thickness of twelve (12) inches. Compaction shall be limited to tracking
equipment. Surface roughen the final layer. 3.02. The topsoil or amended soil layer shall be a uniformly spread lift with a minimum thickness of six (6) inches. Compaction shall be limited to tracking equipment. Surface roughen the
top.
3.03. The finished grade shall be as shown on the plans, or as determined by field conditions. 3.04. Pumping and rutting of the erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) will not be
permitted. Where required, haul roads shall be constructed on the cap of sufficient depths
for the operation of pans or other earth moving equipment without rutting or pumping. END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02221 - 1

SECTION 02221 TRENCHING, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTING
Part 1 General 1.01 Requirements Included
Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to excavate and backfill trenches for stormwater piping as shown on the plans. 1.02 Related Requirements
Construction Quality Assurance Plan Section 02200 Earthwork
Part 2 Products
Included in Part 3.

Part 3 Execution 3.01. Clearing
The sites of work shall be cleared of trees, shrubs, paving and objectionable material which
interfere with execution of proposed work. Trees and shrubs which will not interfere with construction shall be protected from damage. Clearing of site will be considered as an incidental item of excavation.
3.02. Classification of Excavated Materials Excavated materials shall be unclassified. 3.03. Stockpiling of Excavated Materials
Excavated material shall be stockpiled in a manner that will not endanger or obstruct the work. 3.04. Sheeting and Shoring
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02221 - 2

Sheeting and shoring shall be furnished in accordance with the provisions of OSHA and as necessary to construct and protect the excavation, existing utilities, structures of all types, and
as necessary for the safety of the employees.
3.05. Dewatering Where conditions are such that running or standing water occurs in the trench bottom or the
soil in the trench bottom displays a "quick" tendency, the water should be removed by pumps
and suitable means such as well points or pervious underdrain bedding until the pipe has been installed and the backfill has been placed to a sufficient height to prevent pipe flotation. 3.06. Material
A. Suitable Material Backfilling shall normally be done with the earth removed from the trench or excavation, provided that the excavated material is suitable for backfilling.

B. Unsuitable Material Material such as clay mass, frozen materials, cinders, ashes, refuse, and vegetable or organic material shall be construed as unsuitable material for backfill.
C. Approved Granular Material Granular material shall be well graded crushed stone meeting the requirements of
Class I Select Backfill Material as specified in Section 1016 of the North Carolina
Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures. 3.07. Excavation for Trenches
A. General
Excavation for trenches shall conform to the lines and grades shown on the approved drawings. Excavated material shall be removed and used for backfilling where suitable.

B. Pipe The trench shall be excavated to a level below the established pipe grade in accordance with the requirements for bedding as specified below. Bell holes shall
be provided at each joint to permit proper joint assembly and pipe support. Any
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02221 - 3

part of the trench bottom that is excavated below the required level shall be backfilled with approved granular material and compacted to a minimum 95 percent of theoretical maximum density as determined by ASTM D698.

3.08. Trench Width Trench width at the ground surface may vary with and depend upon depth, type of soils, and position of surface structures. The minimum clear width of the trench, sheeted or unsheeted,
measured at the springline of the pipe should be one foot greater than the outside diameter of
the pipe. The maximum clear width of the trench at the top of the pipe should not exceed a width equal to the pipe outside diameter plus two feet. If the above defined trench widths must be exceeded or if the pipe is installed in a compacted embankment, pipe embedment should be compacted to a point of at least 2.5 pipe diameters from the pipe on both sides of
the pipe or the trench walls, whichever is less. Excavation at manholes and similar structures
shall be sufficient to provide 12 inches in the clear between the outside of the structure and the embankment or sheeting. 3.09. Unsuitable Subgrade
A. Unstable Foundation When an unstable foundation is encountered which will not provide adequate pipe support, additional trench depth shall be excavated to a stable foundation and
backfilled with approved granular material. B. Rock
Where the bottom of the trench at subgrade is rock, excavation shall be carried at
least six inches below the specified subgrade and restored to subgrade with compacted approved granular material. 3.10. Bedding
Pipe bedding must be tested by the CQA Engineer in order to meet the following requirements: A. Fine aggregate bedding shall meet requirements for fine aggregates, Section 1005,
NCDOT Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures.
B. Coarse aggregate bedding shall meet requirements for coarse aggregates, Section 1005, NCDOT Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures.
Compact pipe bedding by tamping or rodding to reduce settlement.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02221 - 4

3.11. Backfilling Trenches
A. General
Trenches shall be backfilled immediately after the pipes and appurtenances are laid therein.
B. Initial Backfill
Initial backfill shall begin at the top of the bedding and shall be placed in six inch layers up to a level at least one foot above the crown of the pipe. Initial backfill shall be compacted to a minimum 95 percent of theoretical maximum density as
determined by ASTM D698. No lumps greater than two inches in diameter shall
be allowed in initial backfill material. Backfill under roadways shall be approved granular materials. C. Final Backfill

Backfill for trenches not subjected to vehicular traffic shall be placed in layers no greater than one foot thick and compacted to at least 95 percent maximum density as determined by ASTM D 698.

D. Moisture Content Backfill soil shall be compacted at a moisture content within a range of the optimum moisture content which allows for the required compaction. As required, backfill
soil shall be dried by aerating with a scarifier, disc harrow, blade or other equipment
or by such other means as may be necessary. As required, fill and backfill soil shall be wetted by the use of water trucks or sprinklers. Dried or wetted fill or backfill soil shall be thoroughly mixed to provide a material of uniform moisture content. 3.12. Restoration A. General Physical improvements disturbed by the work shall be restored to conditions equal
to or better than those existing prior to the work. Repair of damages to structures
and utilities shall be the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR. B. Drainage Structures
Ditches, culverts, and other drainage structures which are damaged shall be restored
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02221 - 5

promptly. Drainage structures shall be kept open and functional at all times. C. Finished Grading and Cleanup

Where possible, ground surface shall be left rounded and slightly higher than surrounding ground to allow for further settlement. Finished areas around structures shall be graded smooth and hand raked and shall meet the elevations and contours as shown on the Drawings. Lumber, earth clods or rocks larger than four
inches and other undesirable materials shall be removed from the site at the
completion of construction. Clean up shall be done as promptly as practicable and/or at least once a week. Ditches which are disturbed shall be restored as promptly as practical and/or at least once a week. CONTRACTOR shall maintain sediment and erosion control measures in accordance with Section 01560.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 02292 - 1

SECTION 02292
INFILTRATION BARRIER LAYER (COMPACTED SOIL CAP)
Part 1 General
1.01. Requirements Included Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to excavate, supply, and place the soil needed to construct the eighteen (18) inch thick soil cap for the completed landfill disposal areas
in accordance with the plans.
1.02. Related Requirements A. Construction Quality Assurance Manual
Part 2 Products
2.01. Soil Characteristics
A. The soil for the cap shall come from on-site stockpiles (if stockpiles are available)
or approved off-site sources. This soil shall be soil free of organics and shall generally contain no particles larger than 3/4 inches in a dimension. The soil may contain up to 5% by weight particles larger than 3/4 inches but smaller than 1 1/2 inches. The soil shall contain no particles larger than 1 1/2 inches in a dimension.
The excavation of this material shall be directed by the QAO.
B. The soil shall have a permeability of 1 x 10-5 centimeters per second, or less, when compacted to the acceptable density and moisture content ranges, as determined from laboratory testing.

C. Soil will meet the classification of SM, SC, ML, CL, or CL-ML by ASTM D2487 standards. Minimum soil properties will be as follows:
• Liquid Limit (LL) ≥ 20
• Plastic Limit (PL) ≥ 10
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 02292 - 2

• Plasticity Index (PI) ≥ 10
2.02. Soil Documentation
Testing shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Construction Quality Assurance Manual.
Part 3 Execution
3.01. Subgrade Preparation
Prior to material placement, the existing subgrade (intermediate/weekly cover) shall be smooth and free of surface defects. No ponded water or soft areas in the subgrade shall be allowed. Subgrade shall be approved by the QAO prior to material placement.
3.02. Spreading and Compaction
A. The landfill cap shall be placed in uniform, compacted six-inch lifts, or as determined from the test pad construction. The method of compaction shall be approved by the QAO prior to placement. At a minimum, it shall be compacted
with equipment weighing at least 50,000 pounds. Lifts shall be placed and
compacted orthogonally. The cap shall not be allowed to freeze during construction. B. Vibratory or smooth drum rollers are not to be used for compaction of the soil cap.
The surface of a compacted lift may be smooth rolled at the end of the day to
increase runoff in the event of rainfall. Surfaces smooth rolled shall be scarified with equipment prior to placement of the subsequent lift. C. After spreading is completed, the soil shall be compacted such that the field density
test results plot within the acceptable permeability range as described in 2.01 above.
In no instance shall the dry density be less than 90% of the maximum dry density and the moisture content drier of optimum. Testing shall conform to the requirements contained within the Construction Quality Assurance Plan. Soils shall meet the requirements as defined in Section 2 of the Closure and Post-Closure
Plan. Contractor shall be responsible for additional soil testing requirements should
proposed soils not meet the minimum requirements in the Closure and Post Closure Plan. D. Surfaces to receive a subsequent lift shall be scarified in order to tie the lifts together.
Acceptable scarification shall include complete coverage of the cap surface with a
partially penetrating or fully penetrating roller, or with partially penetrating pads on a dozer. No smooth surface shall remain prior to placement of a cap lift.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 02292 - 3

3.03. Test Pad
A. Prior to beginning of soil cap construction, the CONTRACTOR shall construct a test pad to determine if the required permeability can be obtained using the specified compaction equipment and lift thickness. The test pad shall be used to check if the
methods used to interconnect lifts and compact the cap are sufficient to remold the
soil and achieve the required permeability. B. The test pad shall have a minimum width of 50 feet, and a length of at least 100 feet. The test pad shall be at least 36 inches in thickness and shall be representative of full
scale construction. The test pad shall incorporate one-half of its length on maximum
side slopes and one-half on minimum slopes. Thus, the construction methods will be applicable to both the maximum and minimum grades.
C. Testing shall be conducted on the test pad in accordance with the Construction Quality Assurance Manual.

D. Additional tests pads shall be required for each change in cap soil used and for changes in compaction equipment used in cap construction. E. If a permeameter test fails, two replicate tests for the failed test will be conducted. If
both replicate tests pass, the test pad section shall be considered as passing. If either replicate test fails, the test pad section shall be considered as failing. If the density or moisture content of the test pad does not fall within the acceptable range determined by laboratory testing, then the test pad shall be reworked at the CONTRACTOR’S expense. A generalized range for moisture content could fall within ± 3% of optimum,
but can vary to as much as – 6%. Exact specifications will be provided to the contractor following borrow source soil sampling and testing. A baseline permeability range can then be established based upon the site specific material.
3.04. Field Tests
In accordance with the Construction Quality Assurance Manual.
3.05. Cover As soon as possible after successful testing, the soil cap shall be covered with the erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) in accordance with Section 02209.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 02292 - 4

3.06. Penetrations Where the cap is penetrated by landfill gas vents, a 50% bentonite seal shall be provided
for a minimum two (2) feet in all directions from the penetration. The area surrounding
the penetration shall be handworked.
3.07. Density Tests
Field density tests will be performed by the COUNTY to verify the compaction of each lift of fill. Density tests shall be taken in the compacted soil below the disturbed surface.
3.08. Surface Water
Fill areas shall be kept free of standing water with positive drainage maintained. Sloping of the fill surface and drainage ditches shall be provided to carry off water as it collects. Pumping of water shall be required to remove water from areas that cannot drain naturally. Water removed by pumping will be deposited such that it will be routed to an on-site
drainage ditch and then to the sediment basin.
3.09. Seasonal Limits No fill material shall be placed, spread or rolled while the ground is frozen or thawing, or
during extreme wet weather conditions. When the work is interrupted by inclement
weather, fill operations shall not be resumed until the moisture content and density of the previously placed fill are as specified. Fill surfaces exposed to inclement weather or standing water shall be scarified to a depth of 6 inches, compacted and tested prior to placing addition fill lifts.

3.10. Integrity of the Work It shall be the CONTRACTOR’S responsibility to maintain the integrity of the work. Work that is damaged by weather or construction activities shall be restored and retested at the
CONTRACTOR’S expense.
END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02420 - 1

SECTION 02420 SURFACE RUNOFF COLLECTION SYSTEM
Part 1 General 1.01. Requirements Included
Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to construct a surface runoff collection and diversion system. 1.02. Related Requirements
Section 01560 Erosion And Sediment Control Section 02480 Landfill Seeding
Part 2 Products
2.01. Channels and Berms
Surface runoff collection and perimeter surface berms shall be promptly seeded by the
COUNTY following construction in accordance with Section 02480. 2.02. Riprap
Riprap shall be in accordance with Section 1042 of the NCDOT Standard Specifications
for Roads and Bridges. 2.03. Flexamat
Flexamat® channel lining shall be in accordance with the details. Flexamat shall be installed in all downchutes and where indicated in drainage channels. Part 3 Execution
3.01. Channels and Berms A. Surface runoff collection and perimeter surface berms shall be installed in the locations shown on the drawings. Collection and diversion ditches shall be
accurately constructed to the dimensions and grades shown on the drawings.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02420 - 2

B. Perimeter surface berms shall have a minimum grade of 1.0%

3.02. Erosion Control Features A. Erosion control facilities shall be installed where indicated on the plans and in
accordance with Section 01560.
B. Riprap shall be placed in the locations shown on the drawings and to the dimensions specified. Filter fabric shall be used under the riprap in drainage ditches. The riprap shall be placed in a manner to prevent damage to the filter fabric. The riprap shall
be placed in accordance with Section 868 of the NCDOT Standard Specifications
for Roads and Bridges. C. Flexamat shall be installed per the manufacturer’s specifications.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02480 - 1

SECTION 02480 LANDFILL SEEDING
Part 1 General 1.01. Requirements Included
Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to completely furnish, install, maintain and guarantee seeding and seeding items shown on the drawings and specified in the specifications. Place mulch as specified. Place fertilizer and lime as required by soil testing.
1.02. Related Requirements
Section 01560 Erosion and Sediment Control North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual
1.03. Guarantee
A. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all phases of seeding as specified up to the final acceptance. Dependent upon the season, the CONTRACTOR may have
to provide a temporary winter or summer cover crop that will eventually be
incorporated into the soil prior to seeding in the appropriate spring and fall seasons. B. Areas that fails to develop a successful stand following seeding will be reseeded at the CONTRACTOR's expense. The CONTRACTOR shall establish a permanent
vegetative cover with a 90% uniform stand of specified grasses in all areas. Bare areas
shall be reseeded every 21 days. Eroded areas shall be repaired prior to reseeding. Once grass has been successfully established, the CONTRACTOR shall maintain the area for 60 days.
1.04. Submittals A. Submit three (3) copies of the following manufacturer’s certificates of conformance for review and approval approximately 1 month before placement.
1. Seed
2. Fertilizer B. The CONTRACTOR shall test topsoil to be used on the project to determine the proper application of lime and fertilizer. Representative samples shall be taken for
existing topsoil and separate samples for each separate source of new topsoil to be
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02480 - 2

brought into the job site. C. A soil sample analysis report shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to seeding
operations. Lime, fertilizer requirements, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
magnesium and pH levels shall be tested for each sample and amendment recommendations provided in the soil analysis report.
Part 2 Products
2.01. Temporary Seeding Mixture Temporary seed mixture shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the North Carolina
Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. The actual seed used will vary
with the seasons, but shall be certified to be high in percent germination and a variety adapted to the locality. 2.02. Permanent Seeding Mixture
A. Permanent seed mixture shall be in accordance with Table 6.11k of of the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. B. The COUNTY reserves the right to revise the seed mixture.
C. Seeds shall be certified high in percent germination and a variety adapted to North Carolina shall be used. Seed shall be of the latest season’s crop with a minimum of 80% germination rate. Mix seed on site or in the presence of the QAO. Weed seeds
and inert matter shall not exceed 0.25% (one fourth of one percent) of total seed
content. Seed should be free of noxious weeds. 2.03. Topsoil or Amended Soil
Topsoil shall be capable of promoting and sustaining vegetative growth. The topsoil shall be
either approved off-site topsoil or soil from an on-site stockpile or off-site source mixed with other suitable organic amendment. The soil or soil mixture shall be free of debris, large roots, stumps, or frozen material. The topsoil shall have a pH between 5 and 7.6, contain at least 2 percent organic matter, and have a maximum particle size of two (2) inches.

2.04. Mulch A. Mulch shall be free of noxious weeds, molds, or other deleterious material. Mulch/straw should be cured and mulched from the stalks of oats, wheat, barley, or
rice. Furnish in air-dry condition. Do not use rye straw. Other materials may be
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02480 - 3

used with prior written approval by the CQA Engineer. Mulch shall be well seasoned before bailing, free from mature seed-bearing stalks or roots of prohibited or noxious weeds.

B. Apply mulch at a rate of 2 tons per acre (approximately 89-45 pound bales per acre). Mulch weight shall be dry weight. Fiber mulch applied during hydroseeding operations shall not be considered as part of the 2 tons per acre.
2.05. Fertilizer
A. Fertilizer shall be granular, commercial grade, dry, free flowing, uniform in composition, non-burning product composed of not less than 50% organic slow acting, guaranteed analysis professional fertilizer.

B. Fertilizer shall be delivered to the site in the original, unopened containers, each bearing the manufacturer’s guaranteed analysis. Fertilizer which becomes caked or otherwise damaged, making it unsuitable for use, will not be accepted. No cyanamide or hydrated lime shall be permitted in mixed fertilizer.

C. The CONTRACTOR shall perform soil tests to determine the quantity and analysis of fertilizer required. 2.06. Limestone
A. Ground limestone shall contain not less than 85% of total carbonates and shall be pelletized agricultural grade. Calcareous limestone shall contain at least 50% magnesium oxide and dolomitic limestone shall contain at least 40% magnesium oxide. Burned or slaked limestone is not permitted.
B. The CONTRACTOR shall perform soil tests to determine the quantity of lime required. 2.07. Water
The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for furnishing potable water free from substances harmful to seed growth. CONTRACTOR shall furnish related equipment such as hoses, sprinklers, tanks, or other methods of transportation.

Part 3 Execution
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02480 - 4

3.01. Delivery, Storage, and Handling
A. Fertilizer and Lime
Deliver materials to the site in the original, unopened containers showing the weight, chemical analysis, and manufacturer’s name. In lieu of containers, bulk fertilizer and lime can be used only if appropriate certificates accompany each
delivery.
B. Seed Deliver seed to the site in original sealed packages bearing the producer’s
guaranteed analysis for percentages of mixtures, purity, germination, weed content,
and inert material. Wet, moldy, outdated, or otherwise damaged seed will be rejected. C. Storage and Handling

Store lime, fertilizer, and seed in dry locations away from contaminants. Protect seed from drying out. When handling materials, do not drop or dump from vehicles.
3.02. Temporary Seeded Areas A. Areas designated on the plans as requiring temporary seeding and areas of the site not to be constructed within 15 consecutive calendar days of final grading shall be seeded as soon as possible after the disturbance in the area is completed. The temporary
seeding shall be in accordance with the of the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment
Control Planning and Design Manual. B. Prior to seeding, the surface of the area to be seeded shall be prepared by removing depressions and ruts. Care shall be taken to avoid compaction of the surface. The
area shall be prepared by breaking up the surface of the soil.
C. Areas which fail to establish adequate vegetative cover adequate to limit rill erosion will be reseeded as soon as such areas are identified.
3.03. Permanent Seeded Areas A. Permanent seeding shall be accomplished on final grades, on cut and fill slopes, on access roads, surface water diversion ditches, rough-graded areas that will not be brought to final grade for a year or more and other areas as required. The required
seed mixture shall be applied as soon as possible after the area is brought to final grade
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02480 - 5

as per the plans. No seeding shall occur between November 16th and February 1st unless so approved by the COUNTY.
B. The area to be seeded shall be prepared by removing large ruts or surface depressions
and by breaking up the surface of the soil. The soil shall be tested and lime, fertilizer, and, if necessary, inoculate bacteria shall be incorporated into the top soil. C. Areas which fail to establish adequate vegetative cover will be re-seeded as soon as
such areas are identified.
3.04. Application of Materials A. In general, materials shall be applied by hand or equipment. If hydroseeding is used,
mixing shall be done at the job site and care shall be exercised to avoid damaging the
seeds during mixing or application. B. Notify QAO at least seven working days prior to start of seeding operations.
C. Preparation
1. After areas required to be seeded have been brought to the required grade, thoroughly till to a minimum depth of 2 inches by scarifying, disking, harrowing, or other approved method. Remove debris and stone larger than
one inch remaining on the surface after tilling. Tilling will be necessary prior to seeding as well as when the summer or winter species must be eradicated.
2. Limit preparation to areas which will be immediately seeded.
D. Topsoil/Organically Amended Soil Areas shall have topsoil (or an approved organically amended soil) uniformly
distributed and evenly spread to a thickness of not less than six (6) inches.
E. Lime Apply the rate and amount of lime necessary to maintain the areas at a pH level of
6 to 6.8. Soil analysis report of existing conditions and pH level will designate the
amount of lime necessary to bring the soil to the acceptable levels. F. Fine Grade Fine grade seed areas to smooth, even surface with loose, uniformly fine texture.
Roll, rake, and drag areas, remove ridges and fill depressions, as required to meet
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02480 - 6

finish grades. Moisten prepared areas before planting if soil is dry. Water thoroughly and allow surface moisture to dry before planting seed. Do not create a muddy soil condition.

G. Fertilizer Apply fertilizer at a uniform rate as determined by soil testing. Incorporate fertilizer and lime into the soil to a depth of at least four (4) inches; this may be
done as part of the subgrade tillage operation.
H. Installation Seed immediately after preparation of bed. Seed areas disturbed as a result of
construction activities. Mix seed on-site or in the presence of the QAO. Sow seed
with approved sowing equipment. Cover seed by means of harrow, cultipacker, or other approved device. Perform seeding operations when the soil is dry and when winds do not exceed 5 miles per hour velocity.
I. Rolling
Immediately after seeding, firm entire area with a roller. J. Mulch
Immediately mulch newly seeded areas. Chopped straw shall be evenly applied so as to provide a loose depth of not more than one half (1/2) inch with 75% coverage.
K. Tack Coat
1. Immediately following mulching, straw shall be secured in place by an EPA registered tackafier at a uniform applied rate as specified on the label.
2. In lieu of tackafier, crimp straw into soil by mechanical means or cover with
an approved erosion control blanket.
L. Precautions
Protect existing utilities, structures, pavements, or plantings from damage caused by seeding operations. CONTRACTOR will be held responsible for any/all damages. Extreme caution must be given when tilling, liming, and fertilizing in the
dripline of existing trees. Restrict traffic from seeded areas until grass is
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02480 - 7

established. M. Cleaning

Perform cleaning during installation of the work and upon completion of the work. Remove from site excess materials, debris, and equipment.
Part 4 Maintenance
4.01. Begin maintenance immediately after seeding. 4.02. Maintenance shall include, but not be limited to proper watering, refilling of rainwashed
gullies and rutted areas, refertilizing, mowing, liming, disease and insect pest control,
aerating, protective spraying, and other procedure consistent with good horticultural practice necessary to establish normal, vigorous, healthy growth. 4.03. Ample soil moisture must be maintained during this period. A thorough watering to a
minimum depth of 4” once every 3-5 consecutive calendar days, depending upon soil type
and drainage shall be accomplished to maintain ample soil moisture during the growing season. 4.04. The CONTRACTOR shall maintain seeded areas until final acceptance of the project and
shall restore or replace any portion of the seeding work that is found defective or which becomes damaged prior to final acceptance. If winter or summer crops are planted, they must be maintained until spring or fall seeding schedules can be met. The CONTRACTOR will be responsible for planting, maintaining the temporary cover, eradicating the
temporary cover crop by tilling and grading prior to spring or fall seeding seasons, and
replanting the project based on the spring or fall planting selections, whichever comes first. The CONTRACTOR shall perform supplemental seeding when less than a 90% uniform stand of permanent grass is obtained. Restoration or replacement work shall include the re-establishment of the grade or profile of the area, replacement of topsoil, refertilization,
reseeding or remulching as directed by the CQA Engineer. Maintenance must be
performed by the CONTRACTOR until the final acceptance of the spring or fall season grass is accomplished. There is no time limit in force. Part 5 Inspection and Acceptance 5.01 In the event a summer or winter cover crop is required, an inspection will take place to verfiy that the cover crop has provided a 90% uniform stand of cover. Following the maintenance of the cover, eradication by tilling, and reseeding based on the season, a substantial inspection will be accomplished by the QAO. If a cover crop is not necessary,
a substantial inspection can be performed by the QAO once the permanent seeding has
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 02480 - 8

germinated and provided a 90% uniform stand of grass. 5.02 Once corrections are complete, another inspection will be conducted by the QAO. Upon
successful completion of the seeding project, the CONTRACTOR will be notified in
writing as to the beginning date for the warranty period to include a 60 day maintenance period. 5.03 Warranty Period
A. For seeded areas, a warranty period of 60 days is required after a substantial completion notice has been issued. If the project was seeded in the fall and not given full 60 days of maintenance, or if the project seeding was not considered acceptable at the time, the CONTRACTOR will continue maintenance until the
following spring once acceptable turf is established.
B. The CONTRACTOR must maintain the seeded areas until a final acceptance inspection has been completed and a certificate of acceptance is issued.
5.04 Final Acceptance
Following the 60 day warranty and maintenance period, a final inspection will be conducted by the QAO. Upon successful completion, a written notice of acceptance will be sent to the CONTRACTOR from the QAO. Upon acceptance, the COUNTY will
assume maintenance of the seeded areas.
END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13302 - 1

SECTION 13302 GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE NET
Part 1 General 1.01. Requirements Included
Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to install a double-sided geotextile/geonet drainage layer as specified on the plans.
1.02. Related Requirements
The specifications sections following shall apply to the components of the Geocomposite Drainage Net.

Part 2 Products 2.01. Geonet Material
A. The geonet shall be comprised of HDPE material and manufactured of first-quality
products designed and manufactured specifically for the purpose of hydraulic conductance.
B. The net shall meet or surpass physical standards for HDPE geonets. The geonet shall meet or surpass the following minimum standards:
Specific Gravity, ASTM D1505 ........................................................ 0.94 g/cm Carbon Black Content, ASTM D1603 Modified/ASTM 4218 ................ 2.0 % Tensile Strength (MD), ASTM D5035/ASTM D7179 ...................... 45 lbs/in. Interface Friction, ASTM D5321 ................................................... 28 degrees
C. The net strands shall be so produced as to be free of holes, blisters, undispersed raw materials, or sign of contamination by foreign matter. Defects discovered in the field shall be repaired by cutting out the defect and joining a new piece of net material in
its place. The joint shall be placed in accordance with the requirements for field joints.
D. Labels on each roll shall identify the thickness, length, width, and manufacturer's mark number. The roll shall also indicate the date, lot and batch number of the roll, the square feet in the roll, and the total roll weight as measured after manufacture.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13302 - 2

E. Joints shall be made in the field by factory-trained technicians using approved methods. Edges of rolled material shall be trimmed at the factory to remove non-conforming material.

F. The net material shall meet the specification values according to the specification sheet for HDPE geonet. It shall have a warranty of a minimum 20 years relative to materials, and 1 year on installation.
2.02. Geotextile Material
A. Geotextile shall be of the type specified on the drawings or an approved equal. Manufacturer shall submit a certificate to the CQA Engineer stating the name of the manufacturer, the chemical composition of the filaments or yarns, and other pertinent
information so as to fully describe the geotextiles. At a minimum the other pertinent
data shall include Grab Strength, Elongation, Puncture Strength, and Apparent Opening Size. B. The geotextile shall meet or exceed the following minimum average roll values:

Fabric .......................................................... Nonwoven needlepunched polypropylene Weight, oz./s.y., ASTM D5261 .................................................................................... 6 Grab Tensile, lbs., ASTM D4632 ............................................................................ 160 CBR Puncture Strength, lbs, ASTM D6421 .............................................................. 90
AOS, mm, ASTM D4751 ......................................................................................... #70 Permittivity, sec-2, ASTM D4991 ............................................................................ 1.5 Flow rate, gpm/ft2, ASTM D4991 ........................................................................... 110 UV Resistance, % retained after 500 hours, ASTM D4355 ...................................... 70
2.03. Composite Material A. The composite shall consist of a non-woven geotextile heat-bonded to both sides of the drainage netting. The drainage net strands shall be High Density Polyethylene
(HDPE).
B. Heat bonding shall prevent flattening of filter fabric and surface. Glues and adhesives shall not be permitted to bond materials. C. CONTRACTOR shall provide the manufacturer's certificate prior to delivery of the
material. The manufacturer shall certify in writing that the material supplied meets
the minimum specifications. The certificate shall be signed by a person with authority to bind the manufacturer and shall be notarized. D. The composite (finished) material shall meet or surpass the following minimum
standards:
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13302 - 3

Ply Adhesion, ASTM D7005 .............................................................................. 1.0 ppi Transmissivity

2.04. Manufacturer's Experience The manufacturer of the drainage material described hereunder shall have previously demonstrated his ability to produce this geonet by having successfully manufactured
similar material for hydraulic conductance installations. Manufacturer shall have been
engaged in the production of geocomposite materials for at least three years and shall have successfully produced and provided materials totaling at least 5,000,000 square feet. 2.05. Shop Drawing Submittals
A. In order to qualify as an approved drainage material, the CONTRACTOR shall submit material samples, minimum specifications and warranty to the CQA Engineer. The specification sheet shall give full details of minimum physical properties and test methods used, joining methods, and a certificate confirming compliance of the
material with the minimum specifications. A list of similar projects completed in
which the manufactured material has been successfully used shall be submitted to the CQA Engineer. B. The CONTRACTOR shall submit a certification from the manufacturer of the geonet,
stating that the geonet meets physical property requirements for the intended application, and that the geonet meets the physical requirements for the manufacture and installation of HDPE landfill drainage media.
C. At the time of delivery, the manufacturer shall certify in writing that the material
supplied meets the minimum specifications. The certificate shall be signed by a person with authority to bind the manufacturer and shall be notarized. D. The manufacturer shall submit results of confirmation testing showing that the
material lot of the resin used in the geonet supplied meets the material requirements
for the resin. A description of the quality control steps used during manufacture shall also be provided.
2.06. Instructions and Drawings Required after Contract Award A. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish complete written instructions for the storage,
handling, installation, and joining of the net in compliance with this specification and the condition of his warranty.
B. The manufacturer shall furnish complete written instructions for the repair of HDPE geonet material.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13302 - 4

C. The manufacturer or his designated representative shall furnish layouts and details as required for the net installation. Details of placement around net penetrations such as
pipes shall be provided as well. The above details must be approved by the CQA
Engineer prior to net installation. Material left outside shall be covered to reduce accumulation of dust in the net and to protect it from ultraviolet light.
Part 3 Execution
3.01. Storage A. Storage of the rolls shall be the responsibility of the installer. A dedicated storage
area shall be selected at the job site that is away from high traffic areas and is level,
dry, and well drained. The OWNER shall approve the storage area. B. Rolls shall be stored in a manner that prevents sliding or rolling from the stacks and may be accomplished by the use of chock blocks or by use of the dunnage shipped
between rolls. Rolls shall be stacked at a height no higher than that at which the
lifting apparatus can be safely handled (typically no higher than four).
C. Stored materials must be off of the ground and be covered with a plastic sheet or tarpaulin until their installation.
D. The integrity and legibility of the labels shall be preserved during storage. 3.02. Installation A. The installation of the HDPE geocomposite shall be done with labor and equipment
provided by an approved contractor. The manufacturer shall provide the proper cutting equipment for the installation. Only installation methods approved by the manufacturer and the CQA Engineer in accordance with this specification shall be used.

B. The geocomposite shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, these specifications, and the design drawings. C. The geocomposite shall be free of dirt and dust when installed. If dirt or dust is
present, the CONTRACTOR shall wash the geocomposite until clean as directed by
the CQA Engineer. D. Coordinate with geomembrane installer for installation of the drainage layers.
E. Geocompsoite material shall be unrolled and installed to the lines and grades shown.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13302 - 5

F. Geocomposite shall be anchored at the top of slopes in an anchor trench as shown on the drawings. Care shall be taken not to entrap small stones from the anchor trench
excavation in the net channels. Trenching and backfilling shall comply with Section
02221 and testing shall be in accordanc with the CQA Plan. G. After being secured in the anchor trench, the drainage layer shall be stretched to minimize wrinkle formation. Subsequent material shall not be placed on top of the
geocomposite until the section is free of wrinkles. Should wrinkles persist to occur,
it may be necessary to temporarily place stone material, clean of dirt that may clog the geonet, on top of the material until the section is ready to be worked on top of. Placement shall be done in a manner that will not damage the material, in accordance with Part 3.05 below.

H. Overlaps: 1. Layout of geocomposite shall minimize horizontal seams on sideslopes. If horizontal seams are necessary, adjacent seams shall be offset.

2. The geocomposite shall be overlapped in the corners of the side slopes. 3. Overlap geonet material by at least 6 inches and geotextile material by at least 4 inches.
4. Overlap at end of composite layer on a slope shall be shingled so the upslope geonet shall be atop the downslope geonet.
I. Connections:
1. Overlapping geonet layers shall be connected with plastic fastener ties or polymer braid.
2. Ties shall be white or another contrasting color to facilitate inspection.
3. Connections shall be a maximum of 5 feet on center along the sides of rolls, 6 inches in anchor trenches, and 6 inches on center along the end of rolls.
4. Geotextile fabrics shall be continuously sewn on slopes of 10H:1V or steeper.
On slopes less than 10H:1V, geotextile fabrics shall be continuously thermally bonded, or as approved by the QAO. 5. Sewing shall be performed using polymeric thread with chemical and
ultraviolet light resistance properties equal to or exceeding those of the
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13302 - 6

geotextile. Sewing equipment shall be approved by the QAO. J. During installation, care shall be taken to keep the net and filter fabric as clean as
possible.
3.03. Geocomposite Repair Holes or tears (smaller than 3 feet by 3 feet) in the gecomposite shall be repaired by placing
a patch extending 2 feet beyond edges of the hole of tear. The patch shall be secured to the
original geonet by tying every 6 inches. Tying devices shall be as indicated above. Geotextile fabric shall be continuously thermally bonded or continuously sewn. If the hole or tear width is greater than 3 feet by 3 feet, or if the tear across the roll is more than 50 percent of the width of the roll, the damaged area shall be cut out and the two portions of
the geonet shall be joined as indicated in Paragraph 3.02. Geotextile fabric shall be
continuously sewn on large repairs. 3.04. Field Damage A. The CONTRACTOR shall take every precaution to protect the net from damage due
to natural and field conditions. As the panels are placed, they shall be secured to limit excessive movement. B. Panels moved by the wind shall be inspected and, if damaged, shall be replaced or
repaired as required in the judgment of the QAO. Similarly, panels that have developed excessive wrinkles, particularly at the toe of slopes shall be inspected and repaired or replaced as necessary. 3.05. Placement of Cover Material A. Cover material such as soil, stone, or geomembrane that is placed over geonets shall be placed in such a manner as to verify that the geonet is not damaged. In this application where the GDN is overlain with an 18 inch soil infiltration layer, a
minimum 12-inch protective layer of soil shall be installed initially to provide a
protective barrier between the construction equipment placing the material and the GDN. B. Care shall be taken to minimize slippage of the geonet and to verify that no tensile
stress is induced in the geonet. Should slippage persist to occur, it may be necessary
to temporarily place stone material, clean of dirt that may clog the geonet, ontop of the material until the section is ready to be worked ontop of. 3.06. Records and Quality Assurance
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13302 - 7

A. The installation of the geocomposite shall be monitored by QAO provided by the OWNER. The purpose of the third party monitoring shall be to document the installation of the geonet. The following records shall be kept by the installer as part
of the installation process:
1. Panel Placement Checklist 2. Panel Joining Checklist 3. Repair and Patching Checklist
4. Panel and Joint Layout Record Drawing
B. The geocomposite may not be covered until defects, patches, etc. have been properly logged. C. The reports shall be turned over to the CQA Engineer for review on a daily basis.
Reports shall be complete within 24 hours of the installation of the panel, joint, repair,
etc.
D. The manufacturer/installer shall provide a written warranty for materials for a period of no less than 20 years. A written warranty for 1 year shall also be provided for quality of workmanship.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13320 - 1

SECTION 13320
LANDFILL GAS VENTS

Part 1 General
1.01. Requirements Included A. The CONTRACTOR shall provide labor, materials, and equipment to install the gas vents as shown in the plans and specifications. The CONTRACTOR shall provide labor, materials, and equipment necessary to protect personnel and equipment against exposure to landfill gas.

B. The CONTRACTOR is responsible to provide a level bench area for the drilling rigs to install the landfill gas vents.
1.02. Related Requirements
None
1.03. Quality Control Comply with applicable codes and regulations as required by regulatory agencies having jurisdiction over this work. Comply with pertinent sections of the following standards.
A. ASTM - American Society of Testing Materials B. ANSI - American National Standards Institute
C. AWWA - American Water Works Association
1.04. Submittals Submit shop drawings and product data for components. Manufacturer shall submit a certificate to the ENGINEER stating the name of the manufacturer, the chemical
composition of the filaments or yarns, and other pertinent information so as to fully describe
the geotextiles. At a minimum the other pertinent data shall include Grab Strength, Elongation, Puncture Strength, and Apparent Opening Size. The manufacturer shall include in the certificate a guarantee stating that the geotextile that is furnished meets the requirements of this specification section

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13320 - 2

Part 2 Products
2.01. Bore Hole
In lieu of boreholes, holes will be excavated with a backhoe to the dimensions shown on
the plans. The minimum dimensions for the pit shall be 8-feet long by 8-feet wide, by 3-feet deep. 2.02 Geotextile Fabric
The geotextile shall meet or exceed the following minimum average roll values:
Fabric ......................................................... Nonwoven needlepunched polypropylene Weight, ASTM D5261, oz./s.y. ................................................................................. 6.0
Grab Tensile Strength, lbs., ASTM D4632 .............................................................. 200
Grab Tensile Elongation, %, ASTM D4632 .............................................................. 50 Puncture, lbs, ASTM D4833-88 ............................................................................... 110 AOS, ASTM D4751 ................................................................................................. #70 UV Resistance, %, ASTM D4355.............................................................................. 70

2.02. Screened Sections
Screened sections shall be 6-inch minimum diameter Schedule 80 PVC with 3/8-inch holes at 1/4 points at 6 inch on center. In lieu of perforations, slotted pipe may be used. Slots
shall be 6 inches long by 0.010-inch wide, spaced 90 degrees around the circumference of
the pipe.
2.03. Gravel Pack
Gravel pack shall be NCDOT #57 stone. 2.04. Pipe and Fittings
Pipe and pipe fittings shall be 6-inch diameter Schedule 80 PVC.
Part 3 Execution
3.01. Drilling
A. Prior to excavating for landfill gas vents, the location of the proposed vent will be checked against asbestos disposal records, maintained by the facility, to verify that buried asbestos will not be disturbed. The facility does not accept commercial friable asbestos bags.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13320 - 3

B. Vent holes shall be excavated to the depths indicated in Part 2.01 of the Specification Section. Depth may be decreased by the COUNTY in the field so
that the wells do not penetrate the landfill base, or if saturated conditions or refusal
conditions are encountered. C. Risers shall extend a minimum of eight (8) feet above the ground surface.
3.02. Installation
A. The geotextile shall not be exposed to precipitation prior to being installed. The geotextile shall not be exposed to sunlight for more than 15 consecutive calendar days unless otherwise specified and guaranteed in writing by the geotextile manufacturer. The CONTRACTOR shall replace geotextile that is left exposed for
more than 15 consecutive calendar days. Geotextile shall be placed smoothly and
in direct contact with the underlying medium. Excessive wrinkles shall not be acceptable. Equipment shall never be run directly on the geotextile. Geotextile sections that require more than one panel should be overlapped a minimum of 18 inches.

B. After installing the geotextile fabric and a lift of stone bedding, the vent piping shall be installed and held vertical. The gravel pack shall be installed carefully so as to avoid damaging the piping. If the piping is damaged, the stone and piping shall be removed and reinstalled. The gravel pack shall be installed so as to provide a
uniform blanket of stone around the central vent piping. C. The piping for each vent shall be assembled prior to installation to enable the joints to be properly set and secured.
D. Layers above the soil cap shall be installed identical to the landfill cap design around the vent. The top of the vent shall be capped as shown in the plans. Grade the area to drain.
E. Place geocomposite material above the stone and backfill with clean soil mixed
with 50% bentonite from the bottom of the soil cap to the top of the soil cap. This backfill shall be a minimum of 18 inches thick. Cover with erosion support soil and topsoil layers.
Part 4 Safety The CONTRACTOR shall prepare and implement a safety plan for installation of the landfill gas vents. Although there have been no serious or fatal incidents reported that could be attributed specifically to installation of landfill gas migration control/recovery systems, there have been
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised May 28, 2019 Section 13320 - 4

numerous accidents resulting from landfill gas migration. Gas migration, in particular, poses a hazard, and has been responsible for some deaths and serious injuries. Therefore, it makes good sense to take more than routine safety precautions when working in or near a landfill.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 13322 - 1

SECTION 13322 LANDFILL GAS DETECTION PROBES

Part 1 General 1.01. Requirements Included
The CONTRACTOR shall provide labor, materials, and equipment to install the landfill
gas detection probes as shown in the plans and specifications. Probes will be constructed in accordance with applicable sections of 15A NCAC 02C – Well Construction Standards.
1.02. Related Requirements
None
Part 2 Products
2.01. Bore Hole
Borehole shall be minimum 6 inches in diameter. Boreholes are to be advanced to the depths indicated, to groundwater, or to bedrock, whichever is encountered first. Existing
boreholes have been installed at the depths indicated below.

Probe Number Depth (feet) Probe Number Depth (feet) CD1 20 CD9 10 CD2 10 CD10 10
CD3 10 CD11 10
CD4 18 CD12 10
CD4R 15 CD13 15
CD5 10 CD13R 2
CD5R 15 CD13R2 4
CD6 10 CD14 8 CD6R 10 CD15 7.75
CD7 10 CD16 8
CD7R 10 CD17 8.25
CD8 10 CD18 24.5
CD8R 10

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 13322 - 2

2.02. Gravel Pack The gravel pack shall be NCDOT #57 stone.

2.03. Pipe A. Pipe shall be PVC Schedule 40 pipe, ½ inch in inside diameter. The pipe below the bentonite seal shall be perforated by drilling ¼ inch holes at 1 inch on center. Pipe
shall not be solvent welded.
B. The top of the probe shall be fitted with a ½ inch PVC or stainless steel female adapter with a ½ inch to ¼ inch brass bushing with a ¼ inch brass quick connect shutoff body (McMaster-Carr No. 5327K81), or equivalent.

2.04. Gas Probe Protective Casing The protective casing shall be 4” x 4” square or 4” circular steel, with a hinged, lockable cap.

2.05. Probe Identification Probe identification shall be marked on the outside of the protective casing and on the
inside of the protective casing cap.
2.06. Bentonite Seal A. A six-inch thick bentonite seal shall be installed at the top of the borehole, after
backfilling with aggregate.
B. The bentonite seal(s) shall be constructed of a six inch layer of sodium cation montmorillonite. The bentonite shall be high swelling type defined as the ability of two grams of the base bentonite, when mechanically reduced to -100 mesh, to swell
in water to 100 cc's of distilled water contained in a graduated cylinder.
C. The colloid content of the base bentonite shall exceed 85% and is measured by evaporating the suspended portion of a 2% solution after 24 hours of sedimentation in a glass graduated cylinder or beaker. The manufacturer shall certify that the
bentonite supplied meets the requirements of these specifications.

Part 3 Execution
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 13322 - 3

3.01. Drilling
A. Drilling shall be done by an experienced driller.
B. Drilling shall be done with an air rotary or auger drill, capable of leaving a clean hole. C. After drilling, the bore shall be cleaned of loose debris before filling with stone and
the piping.
D. Soil cuttings shall be spread in the vicinity of the borehole. 3.02. Installation
A. The PVC pipe shall be installed first and held vertical. The gravel pack shall be installed carefully so as to avoid damaging the pipe. If the pipe is damaged, the stone and pipe shall be removed and reinstalled. The gravel pack shall be installed so as to provide a uniform blanket of stone around the pipe.

B. Nested probes: a. For borehole depths 10 feet or less, install one probe pipe within the borehole.
b. For borehole depths 10 to 20 feet, install two probe pipes. Install a six-inch
thick bentonite seal approximately ½ of the borehole depth to provide two detection zones. c. For borehole depths greater than 20 feet, install three probe pipes. Install six-inch bentonite seals at approximately 1/3 and 2/3 depths of the boreholes to
provide three detection zones.
C. The top of the probe shall extend approximately 3 feet above ground surface. D. The protective casing shall be imbedded a minimum of one foot below the ground
surface. A concrete apron shall be constructed around the casing. The apron shall
have the following minimum dimensions: 3 feet by 3 feet x 3.5 inches, and shall be centered with respect to the casing. A form shall be used in constructing the apron. The upper surface of the apron shall be sloped to drain water away from the casing.
E. The top of the protective casing, when uncovered, shall be placed at a point between
0.5 inches above the top of the probes and 0.5 inches below the top of the probes. The casing shall be backfilled with concrete to 6 inches below the top of the probes. F. The casing shall be painted with one coat of primer and at least one coat of exterior
enamel.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 13322 - 4

G. The CONTRACTOR shall provide a lock for each protective casing cap. Locks shall be keyed identically.

3.03 Reports A. Driller shall complete applicable forms of NC form GW-1b for each probe borehole.

B. Geologist or professional engineer provided by COUNTY shall document probe construction in probe completion report including the following information: a. Well and borings log
b. Scaled drawing depicting the locations of the gas probes surveyed by a
surveyor registered in the State of North Carolina c. Well completion records 9completed GW-1 forms) d. Groundwater elevation data e. Descriptions of deviations from the original plan
f. Schedules for the first methane gas sampling event and follow-up quarterly
sampling events 3.04. Safety
Landfill gas can be both explosive, poisonous, and an asphyxiant. The CONTRACTOR shall prepare and implement a Health and Safety Plan in accordance with applicable regulations.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 15060 - 1

SECTION 15060 PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS Part 1 General 1.01. Requirements Included
Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to install pipe, fittings, and appurtenances to general lines and grades shown on the plans. 1.02. Related Requirements
Section 02200 Earthwork 1.03. Quality Assurance
Comply with applicable codes and regulations as required by regulatory agencies having
jurisdiction over this work. Comply with the pertinent sections of the following Standards: A. AWWA - American Water Works Association

B. ANSI - American National Standards Institute C. ASTM - American Society of Testing and Materials 1.04. Submittals Shop drawings and product data are required for pipe and fittings.
Part 2 Products Reinforced concrete pipe shall conform to ASTM C-76 Class III, unless otherwise indicated on the plans. The pipe interior shall be smooth and free from roughness, projections, or irregularities. Cracked or flaking pipe shall be rejected. Pipe with exposed
reinforcement shall be rejected. Joints on RCP shall be tongue and groove or bell and
spigot.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 15060 - 2

Part 3 Execution 3.01. Pipe Installation
A. General 1. Proper implements, tools, and facilities shall be provided and used for the safe and convenient performance of the work. Pipe, fittings, and appurtenances
shall be lowered carefully into the trench by means of a derrick, rope, or other
suitable tools or equipment, in such a manner as to not damage materials and protective coatings and linings. Under no circumstances shall pipe materials be dropped or dumped into the trench. The trench should be dewatered prior to installation of the pipe.

2. Pipe and fittings shall be strung out along the route of construction where it will cause least interference with traffic. Commence at the lowest point in the system. Laying of pipe shall be commenced immediately after the excavation is started and every measure must be used to keep pipe laying closely behind
trenching. No more than 10 feet of trench shall remain open at the end of each
working day. Required connections to existing lines shall be made in accordance with local standards and requirements. Observe extreme care to keep debris from entering lines. Check carefully the invert elevations of
existing lines to which connections are to be made and inform the Engineer
immediately if there is a discrepancy with the plans. Each pipe shall be inspected for defects prior to being lowered into the trench and swabbed or brushed out so that no dirt or foreign material gets into the finished line.
3. Holes shall be scooped out where the bells occur such that the entire barrel of
the pipe is bedded firmly and uniformly. Lay the pipe in straight lines and on uniform grades between points where changes in alignment or grade are shown. Fit the pipe to form close concentric joints. Immediately after each joint is made, drag a close fitting swab past the joint within the pipe. The pipe
shall be kept closed by means of a test plug whenever work is not in progress.
B. Examination of Materials All pipe fittings, valves, and other appurtenances shall be examined carefully for
damage and other defects immediately before installation. Defective materials shall
be marked and held for inspection by the COUNTY, who may prescribe corrective repairs or reject the materials. C. Pipe Ends

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment Specifications Revised June 23, 2017 Section 15060 - 3

All lumps, blisters, and excess coating shall be removed from the socket and plain ends of each pipe, and the outside of the plain end and the inside of the bell shall be wiped clean and dry and be free from dirt, sand, grit, or foreign material before the
pipe is laid.
D. Pipe Cleanliness Foreign material shall be kept from entering the pipe while it is being placed in the
trench. During pipe laying operations, no debris, tools, clothing, or other materials
shall be placed in the pipe. E. Pipe Placement
As each length of pipe is placed in the trench, the joint shall be assembled and the pipe
brought to correct line and grade. The pipe shall be secured in place with approved backfill material. F. Pipe Deflection

When it is necessary to deflect pipe from a straight line in either the vertical or horizontal plane, or where long radius curves are permitted, the amount of deflection shall not exceed manufacturer's recommendations.
G. Pipe Cutting Cutting pipe for the insertion of valves, fittings, or closure pieces shall be done in a neat, workmanlike manner without creating damage to the pipe or lining.

H. Pipe Bedding Pipe bedding shall be in accordance with Section 02221.
I. Backfill
Backfill shall be in accordance with Section 02221. 3.02. Pipe Testing
No testing of reinforced concrete pipe is required. END OF SECTION

ORANGE COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL

PERMIT AMENDMENT

SECTION III

CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN

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Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL PERMIT AMENDMENT APPLICATION
SECTION IV

OPERATIONS REPORT

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Table of Contents - Page IV-
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Operator Responsibility ................................................................................................ 1
2.0 OPERATIONS METHODS AND PROCEDURES ............................................................... 2
2.1 Overview....................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Operation Drawings ...................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Hours of Operation ....................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Site Access .................................................................................................................... 4
2.5 Waste Acceptance and Special Waste Handling ......................................................... 5
2.6 Calculated Capacity .................................................................................................... 10 2.7 Equipment ................................................................................................................... 11 2.8 Access Roads .............................................................................................................. 12 2.9 Vehicle Control and Unloading .................................................................................. 12
2.10 Waste Handling Operations ........................................................................................ 14
2.11 Cover Operations ........................................................................................................ 16 2.12 Surface Water ............................................................................................................. 17 2.13 Groundwater Monitoring ............................................................................................ 18 2.14 Cleanup Activities ...................................................................................................... 19
2.15 Vector and Odor Control ............................................................................................ 19 2.16 Dust Control ............................................................................................................... 19 2.17 Erosion Control ........................................................................................................... 19 2.18 Tires ............................................................................................................................ 21 2.19 Scavenging/Salvaging ................................................................................................ 21
2.20 Record Keeping .......................................................................................................... 21 3.0 MONITORING AND INSPECTION PROCEDURES......................................................... 22 3.1 Groundwater Monitoring Plan ................................................................................... 22 3.2 Landfill Gas Monitoring ............................................................................................. 22
3.3 Site Evaluations .......................................................................................................... 32 4.0 CONTINGENCY PLANNING .............................................................................................. 33 4.1 Wet Weather Operations ............................................................................................ 33 4.2 Fire Control ................................................................................................................. 33
4.3 Hazardous Wastes ...................................................................................................... 35 4.4 First Aid ...................................................................................................................... 35 5.0 STAFFING.............................................................................................................................. 37
5.1 Positions ...................................................................................................................... 37
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Table of Contents - Page IV- 5.2 Training ....................................................................................................................... 38
6.0 SAFETY .................................................................................................................................. 39 6.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 39 6.2 Equipment ................................................................................................................... 39 6.3 Personnel ..................................................................................................................... 40
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment IV-A Paint Filter Test Attachment IV-B Waste Handling Guidelines Attachment IV-C Waste Screening Procedure Attachment IV-D Inspection Form
Attachment IV-E Groundwater Monitoring Plan Attachment IV-F Gas Control Plan
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE
This operations plan relates to the operation and maintenance of Phase 1 of the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill. The purpose of an operations report is to provide the landfill operator with a resource document that has guidance and information to enable the operator to better
operate the site. No manual or textbook can be an effective substitute for a qualified and
experienced operator. The lessons learned from time spent on the working face of a landfill do not always easily reduce to words. However, a manual such as this can be a resource for an operator to rely upon for information and guidance.
The manual is divided into several sections. The subjects covered are:
Operating Methods and Procedures Monitoring and Inspection Procedures Contingency Planning
Staffing
Safety A more detailed breakdown of subjects is in the table of contents.

1.2 OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY The landfill operator has responsibilities in several areas. The term “operator” as described here may actually encompass the duties of several people. This section is intended to convey the
overall responsibilities of the landfill operator function, not a specific job description. One operator responsibility is financial; fee collection, accounting, budgeting, cost effective purchases and use of resources. Another responsibility is personnel management; hiring, training, safety, promotion, scheduling. In addition, the landfill operator has responsibilities for operations (equipment, maintenance, security, filling, environmental controls) and planning (new working areas,
emergencies, inclement weather, equipment replacement, site improvements). Whether these responsibilities are handled by one person or shared by several people, skillful execution of these duties can make the landfill successful. The landfill operator should never lose sight of the purpose of a landfill. A landfill is an
engineered method of disposing of solid waste in an environmentally sound manner. The construction of a landfill continues every day after the landfill opens and ends when the final closeout is complete. Even then, the care of a landfill will be a continuing process for many years after closure.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-2 2.0 OPERATIONS METHODS AND PROCEDURES 2.1 OVERVIEW
This section of the operations manual is intended to give the operator of the landfill some techniques and procedures to help operations run smoothly and achieve the goal of environmentally sound waste disposal.
The operator has an important role to play in the development of the landfill. The day to
day operation will determine the quality of the landfill, perhaps more than the initial construction. The operator must understand the purpose of each of the elements in the construction of the finished landfill. Otherwise, seemingly unimportant elements of the landfill may be neglected even though they might be crucial to its success. The operator should be familiar with and refer to the rules and
regulations of the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ), Division of
Waste Management (the Division) and the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. In addition, the operator must understand such things as financial controls, public relations, employee relations and planning for emergencies. By mastering the knowledge and skills necessary to become successful, the landfill operator is a professional in the waste
disposal industry rather than “the guy who runs the dump”.
2.2 OPERATION DRAWINGS The Engineering Plan, Section II of this permit amendment application, contains the Permit
Amendment Drawings for this landfill. As described in this section, the Permit Amendment Drawings show the landfill and facility features that are required to be shown by Rule .0542(b)(1). 2.2.1 Existing Conditions Sheet 2 of the attached plans shows the existing conditions at the site, including existing access roads, topography, structures, permitted waste limits, facility boundary, buffer zones, boring locations, property lines, and groundwater monitoring wells. Topography is based on two aerial surveys completed by Suttles Engineering on March
19, 2010 and by Summit Design and Engineering Services on March 3, 2017. As
reflected on the topography, Phase 1 filling has reached grades as high as 564 feet in elevation. The site outside of the Phase 1 footprint, where landfilling has occurred, is characterized by gently sloping hillsides ranging in elevation from 510 to 560 feet above mean sea-level (MSL).
2.2.2 Phase 1 Base Grades Sheet 3, ‘Phase 1 Base Grades’, shows the base grades of the landfill as if Phase 1
were excavated to the subgrade. Base grades are a minimum of four feet above the
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-3 seasonal high groundwater level as shown on the drawing. The waste will be placed directly above these base grades. This drawing reflects site conditions at the time of construction of Phase 1, including proposed grading, access roads, stormwater controls
and erosion and sediment controls. This drawing also shows the areas of the facility that will be set aside for specific operational uses during Phase 1 including Phase 1 limits of waste, areas for special waste handling within the landfill unit, waste storage, and recycling operations.
2.2.3 Phase 1 Intermediate Grades/ Phases 2 & 3 Base Grades/Intermediate Grades Sheet 4, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Base Grades/Intermediate Grades’, shows the maximum grades that will occur during Phase 1 filling, as well as the cell development of Phases 2
and 3. The waste will be placed directly above these base grades. The Phase 1 grades shown on this drawing represent the grades of the top of the waste, not the final grades. Also shown are access road, stormwater controls and erosion and sediment controls as well as the areas of the facility that will be set aside for specific operational uses during Phases 2 and 3 including Phases 1 through 3 limits of waste, areas for special waste
handling within the landfill unit, waste storage, and recycling operations. 2.2.4 Phases 2 and 3 Intermediate Grades
Sheet 5, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Intermediate Grades’, shows the maximum grades that will
occur during filling of Phases 2 and 3. The grades shown on this drawing represent the grades of the top of the waste, not the final grades. Also shown are access roads, erosion and sediment control measures, and stormwater controls. 2.2.5 Proposed Final Grades
Sheet 6, ‘Proposed Final Grades’, shows the final grades, after installation of the landfill cap, of Phases 1 and 2 including access roads, stormwater controls and erosion and sediment controls. Final contours have been designed with post-settlement surface
slopes of at least five percent on top of the phase, and a maximum of 3.5 horizontal to 1
vertical (3.5H:1V) on the side slopes. Details of the proposed closure cap are provided on Sheet 8. 2.2.6 Cross Sections Sheet 7 of the attached plans show cross sections of the landfill. The cross sections are located on the state’s grid system which is shown on the plans. The coordinates of the cross sections and grid lines are North 807,340 and East 1,974,169. The cross sections show existing grade as well as the proposed final grade.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-4 2.2.7 Details Sheet 8 provides construction details for the cap and for base grade preparation, a
typical section for construction of the landfill perimeter, and details for the landfill gas vents and probes. Erosion and sediment control details for proposed features are also shown.
2.3 HOURS OF OPERATION The Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill is open from 7:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, and from 7:30 a.m. until noon on Saturday. The facility is closed on the
following major holidays: New Years, July 4th, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. If the
facility is closed during other holidays, third party haulers will be notified in advance. 2.4 SITE ACCESS
Access to the landfill is controlled by a locked gate at the entrance to the site along Eubanks Road. The area is surrounded by heavily wooded areas or natural barriers limiting access. A gate attendant is present during operating hours to screen incoming waste. The attendant screens out unauthorized vehicles and vehicles with unauthorized cargo. Those not permitted into the landfill
will be turned away at that point. In addition, the vehicles that have special waste, such as yard waste, tires and white goods, are directed to special unloading areas. A sign containing the information required in Rule .0542(j)(5,6) (i.e., acceptable wastes, hours, permit number, etc.) is posted at the facility entrance. Waste collection vehicles are weighed
in (and out if tare weights are not available for that vehicle) at the scale house. Signs are posted at or near the landfill entrance that provides information on the hours that the landfill is open for public use, the permit number, information regarding wastes accepted, directions to separate disposal areas for wastes requiring special handling, information regarding waste screening, and other pertinent information.
Traffic will move from the scales to the landfill via an all-weather haul road. The layout of haul roads may change as needed during the course of landfill development so there is convenient access to active disposal areas. Access roads to the landfill and to monitoring locations will be maintained to remain passable during most weather conditions.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-5 2.5 WASTE ACCEPTANCE AND SPECIAL WASTE HANDLING 2.5.1 Waste Acceptance This facility may accept solid waste in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B, except as prohibited by the North Carolina General Statutes, Article 9 of Chapter 130A and Rules adopted by the Commission for Health Services.
Construction/demolition waste, land clearing debris, asphalt, and inert debris are accepted for disposal at the C&D landfill. Construction and demolition debris is defined in NC General Statutes as waste or debris resulting solely from construction, remodeling, repair, or the demolition of pavement, buildings, or other structures. Inert debris will include
waste brick, block and uncontaminated soils.
In accordance with Division policy, other waste types may be proposed for disposal that are similar to waste typically found in land clearing-inert debris and construction/demolition waste streams. Examples might be roofing shingle waste from the
shingle manufacturer, or waste building materials from a mobile home/modular home
manufacturer. If other wastes are proposed for disposal at this facility, requests for approval will be submitted in accordance with Division requirements. On or before August 1 of each year, Orange County will report to the Division of
Waste Management the amount of waste received in tons at this facility and disposed in the waste disposal areas. The reporting period shall be for the previous year beginning July 1 and ending on June 30. Data will be transmitted on forms prescribed by the Division. The report will include the following:
• The amount of waste received and landfilled in tons, compiled on a monthly basis by specific waste type if diverted to a specific unit within the permitted facility; and • The completed report shall be forwarded to the Regional Waste Management Specialist for the facility.
In addition, if requested by the Division, a volume survey will be completed once per year. No waste from outside Orange County will be accepted at this facility.

2.5.2 Material Recovery Incoming C&D waste loads are not typically sorted for recyclables. Mobile homes
as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.112 and delivered from a property within the Orange County C&D landfill approved service area will be accepted for disposal and possible
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-6 deconstruction. Scrap metal from the frames of mobile homes and trailers are recovered and transported off site for recovery.
Prior to delivery to the working face of the landfill, the scale house attendant will inform and verify with the customer that the mobile home has had any friable asbestos removed and disposed of properly and that Category I and II non-friable asbestos has been removed and treated properly as discussed below in Section 2.5.3.
Landfill employees will not remove materials from the structure. Mobile homes will only be inspected to see that all white good materials have been removed from the homes and that there is no MSW in the home prior to being crushed by landfill equipment. Mobile homes will not be accepted if any prohibited waste is within the trailer. Properly bagged, by the customer, Category I and II non-friable asbestos will be disposed of in accordance with
Rule 15 NCAC 13B .0542(c)(2) and the operations plan. Once at the working face, landfill employees will direct the customer to a flat, secure area near the current working face. The date of receipt of the mobile home must be posted on the home or it’s frame. Generally, within one week, but in no instance longer than 45 days, the
mobile home will be pushed over, and the bottom frame removed using onsite equipment. The frame will be taken to the scrap metal area for delivery to a scrap metal processing yard, and the remaining mobile home will be pushed into the working face and compacted and buried within the current cell.

White goods, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-290(a)(44), which are within mobile homes to be deconstructed, must be properly removed to the White Goods and Scrap Metal Area prior to deconstruction activities. White goods must be managed in accordance with all federal, state, and local applicable statutes and rules and the Permit Conditions in Permit No. 6801-
MSWLF-1993 (DIN 19609).
Records shall be kept at the facility.
Some recyclable material will be source separated prior to arriving at the facility. The
recycling details are contained in operating permit 68-01. Examples of recyclable materials that may be pulled from the waste stream include, but are not limited to: lumber, wood waste, pallets, drywall, cardboard, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, concrete, bricks, soils, asphalt, and small amounts of other non-hazardous materials that are generated
at construction and demolition projects. The type of recyclable material that will be sorted
from the waste stream at any given time is market dependent. 2.5.3 Prohibited Waste
In accordance with Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0505(11)(b), no hazardous or liquid
waste may be accepted for disposal. The C&D landfill will also not accept the following
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-7 items, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.10(f) and Rule 15A NCAC .0542(e) except when defined as noted:
• municipal solid waste (MSW), including household, commercial and industrial waste, except where the Division finds that waste meets the requirements of Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0503(2)(d)(ii); • Garbage (putrescible waste) • hazardous waste, including hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small
quantity generators; • polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761; • barrels and drums (except fiber drums containing asbestos), unless they are empty and sufficiently perforated; • friable asbestos;
• yard trash defined as solid waste consisting solely of vegetative matter resulting from landscaping maintenance; • if received separate from the waste stream: lead pipes, bulbs, lighting ballast or fixtures, thermostats and light switches, transformers, capacitors, and CCA or creosote treated woods;
• Liquid wastes; • Medical waste; • Radioactive waste; • Septage and sludge waste, unless for the sole utilization as a soil conditioner and
in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0542(d);
• Special wastes; • White goods; • other wastes specifically banned from landfill disposal by rule or statute, such as acid batteries, tires, oil, and aluminum cans;
• Previously crushed, unidentifiable C&D waste that is not from a facility that is
permitted to provide such materials • Used oil • Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) • Aluminum cans
• Whole scrap tires, as provided in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.58(b)
• Lead-acid batteries, as provided in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.70 • Motor vehicle oil filters • Recyclable rigid plastic containers • Wooden pallets, except that wooden pallets may be disposed of in a landfill that
is permitted to only accept construction and demolition debris
• Oyster shells • Discarded computer equipment, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.131 • Discarded televisions, as defined in N.C.G.S. 130A-309.131
Orange County will notify the NC Division of Waste Management within 24 hours
of attempted disposal of hazardous waste or other waste that the landfill is not permitted to
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-8 receive. Municipal solid waste (MSW) that is received will be collected and delivered to the City of Durham Transfer Station (Permit No. 3212-TRANSFER-2014).
Asbestos waste must be managed in accordance with 40 CFR 61. The facility will not accept friable asbestos. The facility may accept Category I or Category II nonfriable asbestos-containing material (ACM) as defined in 40 CFR 61. The material must be bagged when delivered. The landfill staff will place the bagged material in an excavated hole away from the active working face and the placement location must be recorded. The
bagged material will then be covered with a minimum of 6 inches of compacted soil. The facility supervisor will keep a record of any disposal of ACM, including date, time, description of ACM, material quantity and location of disposal Category I and Category II nonfriable ACM that meets the definition of regulated
asbestos containing material (RACM) in 40 CFR 61 cannot be accepted as follows: 1) Category I nonfriable ACM that has become friable cannot be accepted; 2) Category I nonfriable ACM that will be or has been subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading cannot be accepted; and
3) Category II nonfriable ACM that has a high probability of becoming or has become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the forces expected to act on the material in the course of demolition or renovation operations cannot be accepted.

Customers with such materials will be advised to contact other facilities, which may accept regulated ACM. The landfill will also not accept any other wastes that may pose a threat to the
environment or public health are prohibited from disposal at this site. Liquid wastes are
wastes that contain "free liquid" as determined by the Paint Filter Test, Method 9095, U.S. E.P.A., Publication SW-846. The Paint Filter Test is included as Attachment IV-A. Municipal solid waste will be directed an offsite permitted MSW disposal facility.
These materials will not be disposed of in the C&D landfill.
Specific wastes may be accepted at the landfill if it is determined to be suitable by the Division. The landfill operator will assume the responsibility to inspect incoming wastes and refuse questionable wastes until the waste involved is determined to be acceptable under
the Division of Waste Management's ‘Procedure and Criteria for Waste Determination’
which, under 15A NCAC 13B .0103(d), will be used to determine whether a waste is: (1) hazardous as defined by 15A NCAC 13A, and (2) suitable for disposal at a solid waste management facility.

2.5.4 Random Waste Screening Program
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-9 2.5.4.1 Authority
To prevent the acceptance of prohibited wastes, the following random waste screening program is proposed in accordance with the North Carolina's Solid Waste Management Regulations, Rule .0544(e). The program is primarily used to detect hazardous waste that is mixed with MSW. However, the same methodology can be used to keep hazardous wastes and prohibited MSW from being disposed at the
C&D landfill. Key elements of this rule are as follows:
• No hazardous or liquid wastes as defined in 15A NCAC 13A, municipal solid waste, or materials offering an undue hazard to landfill personnel or
landfill operations shall be accepted at the C&D landfill except as specifically authorized by the facility permit or by the Division. The owner or operator will implement an inspection program to detect and prevent disposal of non-permitted wastes, hazardous and liquid wastes, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Inspection forms for this program
are located in Attachment IV-D. The program shall include, at a minimum:
• Random inspections of incoming loads, unless the owner or operator
takes other steps to prohibit incoming loads containing municipal solid waste, regulated hazardous or liquid wastes, or PCB wastes;
• Records of any inspections;

• Training of facility personnel to recognize municipal solid waste, regulated hazardous or liquid wastes, or PCB wastes; and other non-acceptable wastes;

• Development of a contingency/action plan to properly manage non-permitted or hazardous and/or liquid wastes that are identified.
2.5.4.2 Random Selection
Random selection of vehicles to be inspected will be conducted on a regular basis, depending on personnel available. At least one vehicle per week, but not less than one percent by weight of the waste stream (based on the previous week’s total)
will be randomly selected at the working face by the personnel conducting the
inspection. A random truck number and time will be selected (i.e., the third load after 10:00 a.m.) on the day of inspections.
2.5.4.3 Record Keeping
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-10 The Waste Screening Report Form (included in Attachment IV-C) will be completed at each inspection. Reports and resulting correspondence will be
maintained at the landfill office for the life of the landfill and during the post-closure period. 2.5.4.4 Training
Inspections will be supervised by the operator or by support personnel trained to identify and manage C&D waste, municipal solid waste, and hazardous and liquid waste. 2.5.4.5 Location
Inspections will be conducted at or near the working face of the landfill. 2.5.4.6 Contingency/Action Plan
The following action plan details the procedures to follow for conducting random waste inspections. 1) Dump single load in prepared area and hold truck and driver until
inspection is completed.
2) Spread waste with a loader, as appropriate. Loads that include large closed containers will be handled carefully to avoid possible rupturing of the containers. Have appropriate safety equipment present. Minimum
safety equipment will include:

• Rubber gloves;
• Rubber boots;
• Safety glasses; and
• Long handled hoe.
3) Examine waste for excluded waste and/or safety hazards:

• Municipal solid waste (MSW);
• Containers labeled hazardous;
• Excessive or unusual moisture;
• Biomedical (red bag) waste;
• Powders, dusts, smoke, vapors, or chemical odors;
• Sludges, pastes, slurries, or bright colors (such as dyes); and
• Unauthorized out-of-County waste.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-11 4) Take Action: One or more as appropriate: a) Incorporate acceptable waste into working face;
b) Remove MSW to a permitted Subtitle D MSW landfill or transfer facility for disposal; c) Hold suspect waste for identification by on-site personnel and confirmation by others, if necessary, such as:
• contract laboratory;
• state authority; and/or
• federal regulator.
d) Interview driver and hauler to identify the waste source;
e) Remove hazardous or liquid waste (In Priority Order):
• Hold rejected hazardous or liquid waste for generator;
• Arrange for hazardous or liquid waste collection by licensed
collector. f) Use the USEPA Hazardous Waste Inspection Decision Tree. (See Attachment IV-C) g) Contact emergency responders as necessary
5) Document Actions: a) Record inspection; b) Retain Reports; c) Report hazardous liquid, or PCB wastes to Division of Waste
Management - DENR. 2.6 CALCULATED CAPACITY
The total landfill capacity, the individual phase capacities, and the year each phase is completed are summarized in the following table. Table IV-1 Landfill Capacity

Phase Capacity (cubic yards)
Net Remaining Airspace (cubic yards)
Area (Acres)
Remaining Site Life (years)
Projected Date Filled
Phase 1 (active) 282,000 74,800 7.7 9.4 2026
Phases 2 & 3 257,000 257,000 4.9 32.3 2057
Phases 4 & 5 189,000 189,000 N/A 23.7 2082
Final Cover 62,000 62,000 12.6
Total 790,000 582,000 12.6 65.4
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-12 (Gross Capacity)
Notes: 1. Remaining Site life begins with a start date of March 3, 2017, the date of the latest aerial mapping. 2. Net Remaining Airspace and projected fill date assumes the utilization rate calculated between March 2011 and March 2015. 3. Phase capacity does not include final cover. Gross capacity includes final cover. The basis for the calculations in the above table is described in the Engineering Plan. The total facility development will consist of five phases. Phase 2 will be developed adjacent to Phase 1. Phase 3 will “over-fill” Phase 2, and Phases 4 and 5 will “over-fill” Phases 1, 2, and 3
as shown on the cross-sections on Sheet 7. 2.7 EQUIPMENT
Orange County will operate a compactor and a dozer at the C&D landfill. Additional equipment such as, but not limited to, excavators, loaders, and dump trucks, may be used to conduct the day-to-day operations of the facility. Equipment can be shared as needed from the County’s other Solid Waste facility operations.
This equipment is adequate for operations. Equipment from one area can supplement equipment in other waste management areas. In the event of an extended breakdown of equipment, the County has funds set aside for temporary rental of replacement equipment. Should the compactor break down, the dozer can be used in its place for short periods of time. If the compactor is down for an extended period of time, there are funds set aside for the rental of a
replacement. 2.8 ACCESS ROADS A good road system is a vital part of the smooth operation of a landfill. The goal is to get
the vehicles to the working face as quickly and safely as possible. The roads will be wide enough to handle two way traffic and sturdy enough to carry heavy trucks in all weather. An additional 10-foot equipment lane will be constructed where practical and feasible. As with other components of a landfill, proper planning, advanced construction, and maintenance are imperative to a good operation. Permanent roads will be located and constructed to last as long as possible, yet minimize
the need for temporary roads. At a minimum, the ramps and/or on-site operation roads will be 20 feet wide. The roadway surface will have at least six inches of stone over an 18 inch subgrade of compacted soil. The subgrade will be placed and compacted with the moisture content close to optimum. The stone will
be placed before the next rainfall. If the subgrade is subjected to rain before placement of the stone, then the subgrade will be reworked and recompacted. The stone will be compacted after placement. The stone base will be six to nine inches thick.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-13 Access roads in the landfill will maintain a minimum grade of 2 percent and will not exceed 8 percent. Keeping at least 2 percent will provide the necessary slope for positive drainage in side ditches. Eight percent is about the maximum grade that refuse trucks should be required to climb.
The roads will be crowned to promote drainage. Both the subgrade and the base will be sloped at a rate of 1/4" per foot (i.e. 2%) from the crown to the edge of the road. Drainage ditches will be at least one foot deep. Side slopes and drainage ditches for permanent roads will be seeded as soon as possible. Periodic maintenance on the roads includes removal of mud deposited on the
surface, regrading the surface to restore the crown, and cleaning of ditches to promote drainage. Cleats on landfill compactors and construction tracks on dozers can quickly destroy the best of roads. Travel on the roads by this equipment will be kept to a minimum and will be avoided during wet weather.
2.9 VEHICLE CONTROL AND UNLOADING 2.9.1 Vehicle Control Customers entering the landfill will be controlled by the operations staff using the following procedures:
a. Screen and weigh incoming traffic at the Attendants Station. Incoming
vehicles will stop at the Attendant's Building. The Attendant can screen out unauthorized vehicles and vehicles with unauthorized cargo. Those not permitted into the landfill will be turned away at that point. In addition, the vehicles that have special waste, such as recyclables or asbestos-containing
materials, will be directed to special unloading areas. Vehicles containing
municipal solid waste will be re-directed to to a permitted Subtitle D MSW landfill or waste transfer facility for proper disposal. b. During operating hours, route traffic from the entrance gate and scalehouse
to the road leading to the disposal area. An adequate number of directional
signs should be posted to control the flow of traffic. Signs should be large enough and brightly marked to attract the drivers’ attention. Signs will be kept clean so they can be read. Commercially manufactured reflectorized signs are recommended because they are quite durable and will last many
years. Spares should be maintained to replace signs that may be damaged.
c. The working face stage includes the inspection of the loads as they are dumped. Should the inspector notice unapproved special wastes he should promptly notify the front gate. The vehicle that dumped the waste should
not be allowed to leave. The waste, if it cannot be readily identified, should
be treated as dangerous and it should not be moved until it is properly
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-14 identified. The policies listed in Attachment IV-C, Waste Screening Plan, should be followed to identify the waste.
d. The Waste Inspector can act as a spotter when needed. Spotters will be used at the landfill working face during peak periods to direct traffic to the proper dumping area. Keeping the working face small is a technique that will be discussed in a later section of this manual. However, the spotter is important in keeping the working face small. He/she will keep traffic moving by
directing vehicles to the unloading area he wants them to use. This can help keep the face from spreading out. In addition, the spotter can act as a waste inspector at the working face. Also, the spotter will watch for "pickers" and scavengers and direct them away from the landfill. By keeping the unloading operation moving the spotter can set the pace for the entire
operation. 2.9.2 Unloading When unloading waste at the working face of the landfill there are a few simple
"rules of thumb" to remember: a. Unload as close to the working face as possible while still leaving room for the compactor/tractor to operate. During periods of heavy traffic, unloading
may be done adjacent to the working face by slow vehicles and at the
working face by fast moving vehicles such as compactor trucks that must unload and return to the route quickly. When the flow of traffic eases up the waste dumped by the slower vehicles can be pushed by a loader, dozer or the compactor to the working face.

b. Keep pickup trucks and other small vehicles separated from the larger compactor trucks. A compactor truck will spread its load for up to 5 or 6 feet on each side of the truck when it unloads.
c. If truck drivers are going to do truck cleanup or secure covers or doors, have
them pull away from the working face so as to avoid blocking a space needed by another truck. d. The area designated for unloading should be prepared and maintained. The
area should be dragged with a loader or compactor blade periodically to
remove debris and reduce tire punctures. By keeping the unloading area clean the drivers can maneuver more confidently and faster. During wet weather special attention should be given to maintaining the unloading area and providing a gravel turn around area.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-15 e. Provisions will be made to limit tracking of mud onto public roads by vehicles leaving the site.
2.10 WASTE HANDLING OPERATIONS 2.10.1 Fill Progression
The method of filling will be in accordance with the filling sequence shown on Sheets 4 through 6 of the Permit Renewal Drawings. Cross-sections through the operational areas are shown on Sheet 7. Operations within Phase 1 began at the northwest corner of the disposal area, and are progressing south and east.
2.10.2 Working Face In general, the fill operations should start at the high end of the working area. A working face should be established. For a landfill of this size and type, the working face should be approximately 50 to 75 feet wide with lifts no more than 8 to 10 feet high.
Assuming a waste stream of 26 tons per day, a working face of 400 square feet, a lift height of 8 feet, and a compaction rate of 1,200 pounds per cubic yard, the length of a daily cell is approximately 38 feet.
The width of the daily fill will be approximately 40 to 50 feet to provide space for
several trucks to dump at the same time. Filling will begin on the higher elevations of the phase and proceed towards the lower elevations. This filling pattern will maintain stormwater runoff away from the active fill area. Each subsequent lift will generally follow the same filling pattern.

The working face will be kept as small as possible, making the landfill operation easier to maintain and minimizing the chance of blowing litter and contact with stormwater. A small working face means that trucks must move and unload quickly. During peak periods it will be necessary to unload adjacent to the working face and push the trash to it
after the traffic has lessened.
The slope on the working face should be from 4:1 to 5:1 for a compactor. The compactor will obtain greatest compaction on a flat surface due to more efficient use of the weight of the machine. If a crawler tractor is used as a substitute for trash placement the
slope should be increased to the 3:1 to 4:1 range. Compaction using a tracked machine is
obtained from the shredding and grinding of the waste by the tracks as the tractor works the slope. At the end of the day the slope should be shortened to minimize the amount of weekly cover. Weather will play a large role to determine if steeper slopes are obtainable. Wet wastes are difficult for some equipment to climb. In such cases, the working slope
should be flattened until operations can proceed.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-16 2.10.3 Spreading and Compacting When pushing the trash, the compactor operator should not attempt to push such a
large amount that the machine bogs down. Full truck loads should be broken down into three loads pushed by the compactor. The trash should be spread into layers not more than two feet thick. The compactor will make a minimum of four or five passes on each layer to achieve proper compaction. Large bulky items should be crushed with the compactor blade before being run over and worked into the base of the fill.
During peak periods the operator and spotter must work together to keep the operation running smoothly. The spotter will need to provide the time and space for the compactor to get behind the waste that has been unloaded and push it out of the way so the
next vehicle can unload.
Areas of the various cells that have received waste, and that will be inactive for extended periods of time will be covered with an intermediate soil layer as described in Section 2.11.2 of this plan. Runoff from these areas will be controlled through stormwater
channels that will convey the flow to the on-site sediment basin.
2.10.4 Waste Limits Limits of waste for Phase 1 are staked in the field. Phases 2 & 3 limits will be
similarly marked. The waste limit markers will be maintained throughout the operating life of the facility.

2.10.5 Compliance Survey The Division of Waste Management may periodically request a topographical compliance survey of portions or the entirety of the landfill in order to ensure that filling
methods are within the guidelines of this permit. The compliance survey must be performed by a licensed surveyor. Within 60 days of written request by the Division, Orange County must perform the compliance survey. Within 90 days, Orange County must submit the results of the compliance survey.
2.11 COVER OPERATIONS Covering the waste is the final phase of the waste handling operations. There are three kinds of cover: weekly, intermediate and final.
2.11.1 Weekly Cover
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-17 Weekly cover is a minimum of six inch layer of compacted soil applied over the waste disposal area in each of the following cases:
• the waste disposal area exceeds one half acre, or;
• at the end of each week, or;
• In order to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging
For instances when soil is used as weekly cover, stockpile areas will be planned in advance to limit the number of times the material must be moved. It is desirable to have at least two weeks of cover material available in the stockpiles. The stockpiles should be
located above the current fill if possible for efficient use of equipment. The cover material
stockpile should be used before the fill advances too far. This avoids leaving small piles scattered over the site. Before depleting the stockpile, the location for the next pile should be determined and stockpiling should begin for another two weeks’ worth of daily cover material. After each stockpile is used the area will be graded to drain. During periods of
wet weather, cover may have to be moved by loader and trucks from the main site stockpile.
2.11.2 Intermediate Cover Intermediate cover is applied to the fill surface that will not be used for more than 3
months. Normally this is the top surface of the trash in place in the area being worked. This
is based on the assumption that a 6-inch lift of cover soil will be placed on the working face once per week. Intermediate cover consists of a minimum of one foot of soil (may include daily cover). Since the intermediate cover will usually be the travel surface for later lifts, it should be a material that can support vehicles in all sorts of weather. Should the area
receiving intermediate cover not be an all-weather travel surface, a temporary vegetative
surface or a ground cover must be established. Intermediate cover may be placed with the weekly cover or later depending on the operating circumstances. Intermediate cover will be placed on cracked, eroded and uneven areas on a weekly basis.
2.11.3 Final Cover
Final cover is placed over the finished fill after fill operations are completed. The final cover system will be placed above the intermediate/weekly cover and consists of the following components:

• a geocomposite gas collection medium;
• a soil infiltration barrier layer that is at least 18 inches of soil;
• a minimum of 12 inches of soil above the infiltration barrier layer as a protective layer and to support vegetative cover; and
• a minimum of six inches of vegetative/erosion control soil material to support a vegetative growth on the cover.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-18 Placement of final cover should be monitored for compaction and to confirm the correct materials are used and placed to the correct depths. Placement of final cover will be in accordance with the Specifications included as Attachment II-B to the Engineering Plan
and with the Construction Quality Assurance plan included as Section III to the permit amendment application. 2.12 SURFACE WATER 2.12.1 Surface Water Control One of the most important tasks for the landfill operator is to control surface water. Surface water can cause erosion and uncover waste. It can make the working face
impassable. It can get into the landfill and create leachate. Several basic principles should be followed in managing surface water. Because the nature and shape of the landfill is changing daily it is not possible to plan the control of surface water over all of the landfill during the initial design. That must be done on a day by day basis by the landfill operator.
The first principle is to plan far ahead. It is far easier to construct stormwater diversion ditches during the dry summer and fall than to wait until the middle of the winter to try and control water that is already flowing. The operator should be planning what the operation should look like at least six months in advance. Planning for surface water control
means the sequence of fill must also be planned.
The second principle is to divert as much water as possible away from the working face and the landfill itself. The use of diversion ditches and favorable slopes are the most common techniques. Permanent diversion ditches will be installed prior to commencement
of fill operations to keep water off of the site. Temporary diversion dikes can be constructed
on the areas just filled to keep water off of the working face. These temporary diversion dikes will be used for short periods of time and should be removed when no longer needed. Diversion ditches and dikes should be accompanied by proper erosion and siltation control.
Fill operation should begin at the higher elevations of the fill area and work
downhill. Therefore water will not pond against the working face. This will also keep the access to the working face more passable. The completed fill areas should be brought up to established intermediate or final grades and a slope of at least 5% should be maintained.
In addition to diverting water away from the working face, it should also be kept off
access roads and other areas subject to traffic. A third principle to keep in mind is to plan for downstream handling of the water. Diversion ditches or dikes should be carried to a proper outfall such as a permanent drainage
ditch or a natural drainage way. The outfalls of the diversion ditches must be built so as to
avoid erosion. The operator should look further downstream than the outfall. Look for
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-19 obstructions that may cause water to back up during high flows and for areas that may need special protection due to higher flows coming from the landfill. If the operator causes an increased flow of water that causes damage the landfill may be held responsible. Flow from
the landfill should be directed to sedimentation control features. The fourth principle, and often the most neglected, is maintenance of the drainage facilities. Structures that handle water are subject to wear. Landfill diversion ditches and dikes are no different. The structures will be inspected at least monthly and after each rain
of significance. As part of the operators planning process the drainage structures will be scheduled for routine overhaul at least once during the summer when work is easier. The benefit from periodic inspections and repair comes when the structures work as planned and stop gap measures don't have to be installed in the rain and the working face is passable. Solid waste will not be deposited in, nor will be allowed to enter, surface waters or ground
waters. The drainage structures indicated on the drawings have been designed to control run-off and run-on from a 24-hour, 25-year storm event.
2.13 GROUNDWATER MONITORING The Groundwater Monitoring Plan is included as Attachment IV-E to this Operations
Report. The plan represents the controlling document for obtaining and analyzing representative
groundwater samples from the uppermost aquifer underlying the existing facility.

2.14 CLEANUP ACTIVITIES One of the characteristics of a well-run landfill is that litter, debris and mud are cleaned up on a regular basis. The most successful techniques are a combination of a continuing program and
periodic major clean up campaigns.
Windblown litter is not anticipated to be a significant problem at the C&D landfill due to the heavy, bulky nature of this waste type. Prompt compaction of the waste at the working face will be conducted to minimize litter. Temporary fences may be constructed if needed to contain windblown
material during operations. Also, landfill personnel will pick up windblown litter as needed along
the access road and in the vicinity of the disposal area at the conclusion of each operation day according to Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0542(g)(3). Site cleanup activities should be scheduled in advance. Otherwise the tendency is to put the
activity off until another day. Major clean up campaigns will be held in the early spring after the
usual heavy wind period in March. A second will be needed in early summer after the usual heavy
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-20 use spring period. Another will be needed in the early fall prior to the wet season when everyone will be occupied with water control. A fourth will be needed after the Christmas holiday season, another high use period. These are the minimum number of major cleanup campaigns required.
More may be needed if the daily cleanup is inadequate. 2.15 VECTOR AND ODOR CONTROL
Vectors are animals that transmit disease. One of the prime functions of a landfill is to control this potential health threat. In landfills, the most common vectors are flies, rats, and birds. Fly larvae enter along with the waste. Rats and birds are attracted to open refuse. Odors are the result of the waste as it is unloaded, spread, and compacted, and gases generated during the decomposition of wastes.
The best control method for vectors and odors is the compaction and covering of wastes with a soil layer. Compacted cover of at least 6 inches of soil or alternative synthetic cover will reduce flies from emerging, provide less of an invitation to rats and birds, and slows the release of odors. Many of these vectors and odors are more common with MSW landfills and not as prevalent
at C&D landfills. Cover soils are applied weekly within the C&D landfill. Surface cracks in the soil cover will be repaired as soon as possible, and intermediate cover will be applied to areas that will not be additionally filled upon for 3 months. Intermediate cover
should be inspected and repaired on a weekly basis.
2.16 DUST CONTROL
Excessive dust can be a nuisance and a hazard. Dust can irritate eyes and lungs. Water can
be used but only to the extent that no saturation or ponding occurs. Maintaining areas for use in wet weather and removing mud deposited on roads will also minimize dust generated. The access road leading to the C&D landfill will be graveled for additional dust control.
2.17 EROSION CONTROL Erosion control on the landfill will comply with the permit drawings and the approved sedimentation and erosion control plan. The E&S Plan with attachments (supporting
documentation) for the Phase 1 development was submitted separately to North Carolina
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (Department of Environmental Quality), Land Quality Division and approved on April 10, 2003. Erosion control will consist of three activities. Each will be addressed separately but should
be considered an integral part of the erosion control process.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-21 2.17.1 Maintenance Maintenance of existing slopes and ditches involves inspecting and repairing areas
where water has been directed and are subject to erosion. The vegetation on these slopes will be mowed at least once per year. These slopes will be maintained by reseeding, the application of fertilizers, and other means necessary to promote a healthy stand of vegetation. Recommended seeding specifications are located in Attachment II-B. All vegetative and structural erosion and sediment control devices will be maintained according
to the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual as well as the Orange County Erosion Control Manual. Repair may consist of refilling washouts or ditches, lining with stone or riprap, or cutting new ditches when the old ones are full.
2.17.2 Sediment Barriers Temporary sediment barriers will be used at the base of slopes when the fill operation begins and continued until vegetative cover is established. Silt fences, and/or brush barriers can be used. Either type will have to be replaced periodically. Brush barriers
typically maintain their effectiveness throughout the construction period.
Silt fences should be constructed using a non-woven geotextile fabric that is resistant to ultraviolet light and is specifically manufactured to be used in siltation control fences. The posts will be a minimum of four square inches in cross sectional area and should be
spaced no further than 10 feet apart. The fabric should extend into a trench four inches wide by four inches deep along the upslope side of the fence. The trench should be backfilled and compacted over the fabric. Brush barriers will be brush, stone, root mat, and other spoil material. The barrier
will be mounded in a row with a minimum of five feet in width and three feet in height. Temporary sediment barriers will be inspected after each significant rainfall. 2.17.3 Vegetative Ground Cover After each portion of the landfill is brought up to grade or to a grade that will be unchanged for three months the surface must be seeded to obtain a good stand of grass to limit erosion and promote evapotranspiration. The vegetative cover, sufficient to restrain erosion, should be established within 30 working days of completion of the area. The area
to be seeded should be tested for nutrients and pH, and fertilized as needed. These must be worked into the top one inch of the surface. Apply seed at the following rate: 100 lb/acre Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue 30 lb/acre Sericea Lespedeza
10 lb/acre Kobe Lespedeza 25 lb/acre Pensacola Bahiagrass
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-22 Hydroseeding may be used in lieu of hand seeding or mechanical seeding. Seeded areas must be mulched to protect the seed until a stand of grass is established. The County
reserves the right to revise the seeding mixture based on seasonal variations. 2.18 TIRES
Tires are not accepted at this disposal facility. 2.19 SCAVENGING/SALVAGING
The unauthorized removal of waste, or scavenging, is prohibited at the landfill. Only landfill personnel may remove recyclable salvageable materials and process them through the recycling facilities. Waste removal by landfill personnel is allowed as specified in the recycling plan that is part of operating permit 68-01.
2.20 RECORD KEEPING The landfill should maintain records of its activities. A landfill is going to last, for all
practical purposes, ’forever’. Years after the site closes it may be necessary to learn about its
operations. Another reason for keeping records is to have a source of information that helps in planning. Trends in waste volumes, landfill costs, equipment and personnel needs and environmental impact are usually projected from past records.
The following records will be maintained in the Operating Record at the landfill office, such that the
Division may readily be able to review facility records on request:
• The landfill's Permit to Construct, Permit to Operate and pertinent correspondence and
other permits
• Operation Plan
• Engineering Plan
• Contingency Plan
• Inspection records
• Waste determination records
• Waste screening procedure (Attachment IV-C of this plan) for detecting and preventing
disposal of MSW, hazardous waste, liquid waste, PCB waste, and banned items
• Random waste inspection records
• Date, time & location of landfilled asbestos-containing material
• Additional records required by 40 CFR 61 (asbestos rules)
• Amounts by weight of construction/demolition debris received at the facility, including the source of generation
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-23 • Training outline for waste screening training of landfill personnel
• Training procedures
• Certifications of training
• Groundwater Monitoring Plan and any demonstration, certification, finding, monitoring,
testing, corrective action or analytical data required by the approved groundwater
monitoring program at the site, as required by Rules .0544 and .0545
• Landfill Gas monitoring results and remediation plans, if applicable
• Well development and abandonment logs, including licensed professional engineer or
geologist certification
• Cost estimates and financial assurance documentation required by Rule .0546
• Notation of date and time of placement of cover material
• Audit records
• Compliance records
• Notices of intent of cell construction or closure
• Engineer Certification of cell construction or closure
• Record of notation on the property deed that the property was used as a solid waste disposal area
• Engineer certification of completion of post-closure care
• Notifications sent to the NC Division of Waste Management of attempted disposal of hazardous waste or other waste that the landfill is not permitted to receive
• Notifications sent to the NC Division of Waste Management documenting the
occurrence of a fire within the landfill

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-24 3.0 MONITORING AND INSPECTION PROCEDURES 3.1 GROUNDWATER MONITORING PLAN
The Groundwater Monitoring Plan is included as Attachment IV-E to this Operations Report. 3.2 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING

3.2.1 Introduction During the decomposition of solid waste, gases are generated and released. Initially,
carbon dioxide is the primary gas generated. As more oxygen is consumed by the
decomposition, methane is generated in increasing amounts until a steady state is reached in which methane and carbon dioxide are generated in approximately equal amounts. Methane is an odorless and colorless gas produced by the decomposition of organic
material. Landfill gas typically consists of 45 to 50% methane by volume. Landfill gas can
move through subsurface strata, driven by pressure gradient and dispersion. The primary hazard from methane is its combustible nature. In concentrations of 5% to 15% in air, the mixture is explosive. At concentrations over 15% in air the gas will support a flame. The potential for methane to accumulate in confined spaces to a concentration of 5% or more is a
health hazard.
Another potential hazard is for the methane and carbon dioxide that frequently accompanies it to displace the ambient air and cause oxygen deficiency. Since methane disperses very quickly, the probability of air displacement is quite remote except in tightly
confined spaces.
Section 15A NCAC 13B .0544(d)(2)(B) requires that the landfill monitor for combustible gas on at least a quarterly basis. The regulatory limits are:
1.25% gas (25% LEL) Interiors of structures
5% gas (100% LEL) Concentration at the property boundary (LEL = Lower Explosive Limit) A Gas Control Plan has been prepared in accordance with Section 15A NCAC 13B
.0544(d) and is included as Attachment IV-F to this Operations Report. Monitoring procedures are summarized below. The landfill has gas monitoring probes installed at the locations shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. The probes will be monitored according to the following schedule and protocol.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-25 3.2.2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Systems 3.2.2.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Probes A gas detection system was installed around the perimeter of the fill area. The probes were placed at approximately 250 to 300-foot intervals. Future probes will be generally spaced 250 feet apart around the perimeter of the C&D unit. This spacing is determined to be adequate based on the nature of the waste, the site
specific geology, and the remote location of the waste unit. Probe locations are shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL)
being detected in various probes, a landfill gas interception trench and has been
installed at the facility. The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by Draper Aden Associates dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information, plans and specifications for the interception trench. Gas venting and other controls are described in detail in the Gas Control Plan.

Boreholes for existing probes were advanced to just above the unsaturated zone. The depths of the probes are listed in Specification Section 13322 Part 2.01. Of the probes that have been installed at the facility, several probes are a part
of the compliance network and are monitored per the schedule in Section 3.2.2.3 of this plan. The ID’s of these compliance probes are as follows: GP-CD1 GP-CD6R GP-CD9 GP-CD12 GP-CD2 GP-CD7R GP-CD10 GP-CD13R
GP-CD3 GP-CD8R GP-CD11 GP-CD18 GP-CD4R Future landfill gas probes will be advanced to just above seasonal high groundwater levels, or approximately 15 to 20 feet. One single-screen probe will be
installed typically. Nested or clustered probes may be necessary in certain cases, such as when an exceedance of the lower explosive limit or a depth-to-groundwater of 45 feet or greater is present. The probe will be fitted with one quick connect coupling for each nested monitoring screen, which will remain closed between monitoring events. The probe will be equipped with a removable cap, lock and
label, and will be constructed in accordance with Specification Section 13322. A North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer must be present to supervise the installation of all landfill gas monitoring wells. Prior to installation of any probes, the exact location, screened intervals and
nesting of the probe will be submitted to the DENR Solid Waste Section for approval. Within thirty (30) days of well construction, an updated, scaled probe
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-26 location map, boring log and diagram will be submitted to the Solid Waste Section, which will include probe location and elevation determined by a North Carolina Registered Land Surveyor, total depth, screened interval, and distance above the
seasonal high water table. Abandonment of wells will be in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C .0113(d) and certified by a North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer. An abandonment record will be provided to the DENR Solid Waste Section within
thirty (30) days of well abandonment. Should probes, whether existing or proposed, be added or subtracted to the network, a request will be provided to the Division. 3.2.2.2 Structure Sampling Landfill gas migration can result in a fire and explosion hazard when methane accumulates in confined spaces such as pits, basements, and buildings. Inhabitable structures will be monitored as described in this section.
3.2.2.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency (1) Quarterly for exterior probes with consistent readings of less than 1.25%
CH4, and less than 1.0% H2S. (2) Monthly for exterior probes reading over 1.25% CH4, and 1.0% H2S. (3) Quarterly for structures.
Non-compliance probes will be monitored as necessary in order to gain additional information on migration of landfill gases. 3.2.3 Landfill Gas Sampling
3.2.3.1 Detection Equipment Exterior probes surrounding a C&D landfill and interior of inhabitable structures are routinely measured for methane and hydrogen sulfide content by
percent volume. If the data collected during routine sampling of the exterior probes is used for design of an active landfill gas control system in the future, then the data should be referenced to atmospheric conditions. Monitoring for methane can be accomplished with acceptable accuracy with
a portable combustible gas meter calibrated for methane. The meter should have a dual scale that reads either 0-5% methane or 0-100% methane, and 0-4% hydrogen
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-27 sulfide or 0-100% hydrogen sulfide. Accessories should include line trap assemblies, sampling hoses, probe tube, spare filters, and spare aspirators or batteries. Instruments based upon infrared technology are recommended, such that
methane concentrations are not biased in low-oxygen environments. Self-contained landfill gas monitoring and recording units such as the Gas Data LMSx or Landtec GEM 500 or GEM 2000 are recommended. These units can also measure probe pressure. Prior to sampling, monitoring instruments should be calibrated in the field according to manufacturer’s specifications to detect the following parameters: methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide. Calibration and span procedures shall be performed on the instrument using a canister that is within the range of expected methane levels. For example, if low levels of methane are
expected, a 15 CO2/15 CH4 canister can be used for calibration. Should high methane levels be expected, a 35 CO2/50 CH4 canister can be used. Methane zeroing should be done using ambient air in an open area, while oxygen zeroing can be done using any zero-oxygen bottle.
3.2.3.2 Sampling and Analysis Procedures Monitoring should be scheduled during a time when landfill gas is most likely to migrate. Gas migration is most likely when barometric pressure is low, or
when soils are saturated with water. This typically includes:
• Afternoon hours;
• Frozen ground conditions
• Snow-covered ground conditions
• Snow-thaw conditions
• When barometric pressure is low
(1) Perimeter Monitoring The gas probes will be inspected upon arrival at each probe.
Damaged probes will be repaired or replaced. In the event of settlement
around the probe, the area will be regraded and a new concrete apron will be constructed. The meter will be used in general accordance with the following
procedure:
1. Prepare the Monitoring Data Form, included as Appendix 1 to the Gas Control Plan, Attachment IV-F to this Operations Report, with the required information of facility name, permit
number, type and serial number of gas monitoring instrument,
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-28 factory calibration date of the instrument, date of landfill gas monitoring event, name and position of sample collector, pump rate of instrument being used, ambient air temperature, and
general weather conditions. 2. At the initial probe and all subsequent probes that are expected to have a significant difference in methane or hydrogen sulfide content from the previous probe, calibrate the meter with the calibration gases in accordance with manufacturer specifications.
Record on the Monitoring Data Form the date and time of field calibration, type of gas used for field calibration (15/15 or 35/50), and expiration date of field calibration gas canister. 3. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Record purge time and verification of purge on the Monitoring Data Form.
4. Clean around the probe cap to keep dirt from entering the sample tubes. 5. Remove the probe cap. 6. Connect the meter to the probe to be measured. 7. Pump until a steady state is reached. The reading should not vary
by more than 0.5 percent by volume according to the instrument’s scale. 8. The meter will automatically record the concentrations of methane, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and other gases. Manually
record methane, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen and carbon-dioxide
concentrations and barometric pressure on the Monitoring Data Form. Should oxygen read higher than 2%, the reading may be faulty and should be verified with a second reading. 9. Disconnect the meter. Replace probe covers and caps and shut
the valve, if applicable.
10. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Move to the next probe if applicable. 11. Repeat steps 2 - 10.
After probes have been measured, measure the gas standards using
the meter to verify that the calibrations have not drifted. Reports of readings that exceed the regulatory limits will be submitted to the Division upon completion. A copy of reports should be
kept at the landfill or administrative offices in the official operating record.

(2) Interior Monitoring Interior spaces will be monitored using the selected combustible-
gas meter in accordance with the following procedures. When personnel
are required to fully enter an area to be monitored, oxygen should be
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-29 monitored prior to methane. If the oxygen content is less than 19.5 percent, the air is considered as oxygen deficient and could be harmful to human health and safety.
(a) Oxygen Content Testing
1. Prepare the Monitoring Data Form, included as Appendix 1 to the Gas Control Plan, Attachment IV-F to this Operations
Report, with the required information of facility name, permit number, type and serial number of gas monitoring instrument, factory calibration date of the instrument, date of landfill gas monitoring event, name and position of sample collector, pump rate of instrument being used,
ambient air temperature, and general weather conditions. 2. Prepare the oxygen meter by calibrating to ambient air in an open space or outdoors.
3. At each location tested for methane above, test for oxygen content by inserting oxygen probe. 4. Pump and read meter after pointer has stabilized. The
reading should not vary by more than 0.2 percent by volume
according to the instrument’s scale. 5. Test for oxygen levels at approximately one foot above the floor and approximately five feet above the floor.

6. Record readings on Monitoring Data Form. (b) Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide Monitoring
1. At the initial structure and all subsequent structures that are
expected to have a significant difference in methane or
hydrogen sulfide content from the previous structure, calibrate the meter with the calibration gases in accordance with manufacturer specifications. Record on the Monitoring Data Form the date and time of field calibration, type of gas
used for field calibration (15/15 or 35/50), and expiration
date of field calibration gas canister. Set the meter to 0% on the 0-5% scale. Install the gas sampling hose and probe rod. 2. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Record purge
time and verification of purge on the Monitoring Data Form.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-30 3. Enter the test area in a manner that minimizes the creation of air movements that can disperse methane. If sampling air in
a closed space (such as a sewer clean-out), keep the cover closed as much as possible to reduce dispersal of the gas. 4. Place the probe in the area to be tested. Let the meter pointer stabilize and read the percent gas indicated. If the percent is
over 5% for methane of 4% for hydrogen sulfide remove the probe, switch to the 0-100% scale and repeat the reading. 5. The meter will automatically record the concentrations of methane, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and other gases.
Manually record methane, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen and carbon-dioxide concentrations and barometric pressure on the Monitoring Data Form. 6. Remove the probe and repeat Steps 1 through 5 at the same
location to obtain two readings. The readings should be duplicated within 1-2%. 7. Replace covers and caps, if applicable and move to the next
structure.
8. Repeat steps 1 - 7. If methane readings over 1.25% or hydrogen sulfide readings over 1% are
recorded, the source should be investigated and the area ventilated. Readings of 5%
for methane and 4% for hydrogen sulfide or greater should be cause for immediate evacuation of the affected area. Begin ventilation immediately and begin a search for the source of the gas. Do not re-occupy until the gas levels are maintained below 1.25% for methane and 1% for hydrogen sulfide.

As a general rule, maintaining a good air flow in the building and good ventilation will help reduce potential gas buildup situations. In addition, areas that are usually closed off such as janitorial closets and equipment service areas can be helped with louvered doors and through-the-wall vents.

Reports on interior testing should be transmitted to the Solid Waste Division immediately upon completion. High readings requiring evacuation or extra ventilation should be reported immediately.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-31 3.2.4 Record Keeping and Reporting 3.2.4.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form A Monitoring Data Form is included as Appendix 1 to the Gas Control Plan,
Attachment IV-F to this Operations Report. The form will be used any time that a probe is monitored for compliance. Completed forms will be kept on file at the facility.
3.2.4.2 Sampling Reports Reports on interior testing will be transmitted to the Solid Waste Division immediately upon completion.
3.2.4.3 Permanent Record Keeping The facility will have on file all interior testing reports as submitted to the Solid Waste Division. The file will include correspondence to and from the Division.
The facility will have on file all well completion logs and well abandonment logs as submitted to the Solid Waste Division, including boring logs, diagrams, and scaled probe location maps showing probe location and elevation determined by a North Carolina Registered Land Surveyor, total depth, screened interval, and
distance above the seasonal high water table. The file will include correspondence to and from the Division. At the time of closure of the landfill, records will be transferred to the administration office of the Orange County Solid Waste Management Department.
Reporting to DENR Solid Waste Division and record keeping by the County will continue through post-closure. 3.2.5 Contingency Plan Rule .0544(d)(3) of the solid waste rules indicate that the landfill operator must take certain steps when the regulatory limits of gas concentration are reached. Those steps are as follows. 1. Immediately take all steps necessary to protect human health and notify the
Solid Waste Division.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-32 2. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health.
3. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the division that the plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remediation.
4. The Division may establish alternative schedules for demonstrating compliance with Subparagraphs (3) (B) and (3)(C). [Rule .0544(d)(3)] Waiting until the regulatory concentration limits occurs before taking action may
accidentally place the site in non-compliance status. Consequently, the following interim action level is recommended. If the exterior probes read 1.25% gas for three consecutive months, the operator will make further investigation in the vicinity of the suspect probes. The investigation will determine if additional monitoring is needed or if active or passive gas control systems are needed.
Should the investigation indicate a need for additional gas controls , the Solid Waste Division will be notified. A schedule for implementation will be established with the Division and implementation will take place according to that schedule.

3.2.6 Certification of Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer A North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer must be present to supervise the installation of all landfill gas monitoring wells. Installation and
abandonment of any gas probes must be certified by a North Carolina Professional
Geologist or Professional Engineer. The Gas Control Plan included as Attachment IV-F to this Operations Plan must be certified by a North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer. The
Professional Certification Statement is included as Appendix 2 to the Gas Control Plan.
3.2.7 Certification of Registered Land Surveyor The boring logs and/or well diagrams that are to be submitted to the Solid Waste
Section following well construction must be signed and sealed with the stamp of a North
Carolina Registered Land Surveyor. 3.3 SITE EVALUATIONS
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-33 The landfill operator must inspect and maintain the landfill equipment and systems. Attachment IV-D is a minimum list of the items to be inspected. The list indicates the frequency of the inspections. The list has blank lines to allow the operator to add items as experience dictates.
Periodically the landfill operator should evaluate the overall landfill operations. Two levels of evaluation are recommended. A monthly evaluation of the general site conditions should look for problems with routine operations. Deficiencies can be incorporated into a "punch list" for further action. Items appearing for more than two months should trigger a more detailed look at that portion of the operation. Twice yearly the landfill should be evaluated in detail. After the
evaluation, a plan to correct deficiencies should be developed. Samples of the checklists are included in Attachment IV-D.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-34 4.0 CONTINGENCY PLANNING 4.1 WET WEATHER OPERATIONS
During periods of wet weather it will be necessary to depart from normal operating procedures. The goals in wet weather operations are to minimize the size of the working area to avoid disturbing as much area as possible, minimize the haul distance off of the access road to keep vehicles from getting stuck and tracking mud and expose as little trash as possible to the rain to
reduce leachate generation.
Most of the time the regular working face can be used if there is good access to it. To keep the surface of the landfill passable, temporary access roads should be built on each lift. These roads will serve the next higher lift. A combination of #3 and #57 stone will make a solid base for traffic,
even in very wet weather. By using the same route over the fill the road will be compacted by
vehicles and become quite hard. Occasionally, there will be prolonged periods of rain that will make even the best access road impassable. During these periods an area reserved for wet weather operations should be used.
By careful monitoring of the weather forecasts the long range prospects for rain can be reasonably
determined. When the prospects of rain are high the operations should change slightly. The vehicles should be directed to the designated wet weather area. This area should be as close as possible to the access road. Stone should be spread to provide an area for the vehicles to turn around and reach the working face. Mud in front of the working face should be bladed away by the
loader or the compactor. Additionally, a stockpile of cover material should be kept on hand during
the wet months in the fall and spring. During these months hauling from one of the large stockpiles may be impossible. It is desirable to have a small stockpile of about two weeks cover material kept adjacent to the wet weather fill area. After using the stockpile it should be replenished and the area graded to drain. The stockpile should be used before the fill advances too far. This avoids leaving
small piles scattered over the site. During the wet period in the spring the wet weather area may be
needed several times. To avoid having to tow vehicles out of the landfill, a stockpile of crushed stone should be kept ready to restore the access road.

4.2 FIRE CONTROL Landfill operations will comply with all applicable requirements developed under a State
Implementation Plan (SIP) pursuant to the most current amendment of Section 110 of the Clean Air Act. In accordance with Rule .0542(i)(2) of the Solid Waste Management Regulations, open
burning of waste, except for site-generated land-clearing debris and emergency clean-up debris as
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-35 approved by the Division, is prohibited at the landfill. Should approved burning occur, the burning date and time will be included in the operating record.
To provide immediate capability to stop small fires, each piece of equipment should be fitted with at least one multipurpose dry chemical fire extinguisher. In addition, the compactor and loader that work in the waste should have built in fire suppression systems for the engine compartments. The fire department can provide training in proper use of fire extinguishers. This training is highly recommended since proper fire extinguisher technique is not obvious and must be
learned. For larger fires, two techniques may be used. If the fire is relatively small and there are few vehicles around the operator may attempt to put out the fire. Equipment used in this procedure must be free of hydraulic and fuel leaks and the pan must be fairly clean or the equipment will catch fire.
First the burning waste must be pushed out of the working face. The operator must position himself between the fire and the waste and, using the blade push the burning waste on to ground. Obviously the quicker this is done the smaller the pile will be. Once the burning waste is separated from the working face the operator should spread out the waste into a thin lift. Dirt should be spread on the surface of the lift and using the dirt as a cushion the operator should walk his machine over the
burning waste to smother the fire. Once the fire appears out the operator should check it by un-covering the waste. If the fire is still burning the above procedure should be repeated until the fire is out.
For larger fires the Fire Department should be called. The New Hope Fire Department
services the fire district surrounding the site. A coordinated effort by the landfill staff and the Fire Department can extinguish a landfill fire quickly. In this procedure the waste is separated from the working face as before. The waste is also spread into a thin lift. Then, the loader operator uses his bucket to lift the waste a few feet as he passes over the waste. While he is doing this the Fire Crew
is spraying the waste as it is lifted. Water in sedimentation ponds and nearby creeks can be used by
firefighters to assist in extinguishing fires. This allows the waste to be thoroughly wetted rather than just the surface if the fire was just sprayed in place. Several passes will usually be required to extinguish the fire. This procedure also has the advantage of using a relatively small amount of water. It is recommended that the loader used have an enclosed cab. A compactor can also be used
but it is usually slower.
All landfill employees should be instructed in the firefighting techniques. Emergency numbers are listed in the Contingency Plan section of Attachment IV-C. This list should be posted in a conspicuous place and updated as needed. The landfill operator should review the firefighting
procedures with the fire department to gain their cooperation and to avoid confusion when they
arrive at the landfill. The middle of a fire is no place to conduct a class. Authorized representatives of the Fire Department should be provided keys to the entrance gate. They should also be given permission to cut the lock if necessary to gain entry.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-36 If fires do occur on the landfill, the Division of Waste Management will be verbally notified within 24 hours of the fire and written notification will be submitted to the Division within 15 days of the occurrence. A copy of the NC DEQ Fire Occurrence Notification is attached to Appendix
IV-C for use in the event of a fire. 4.3 HAZARDOUS WASTES
The regulations specifically prohibit the acceptance and disposal of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste is defined by regulation as "a solid waste, or combination of solid wastes, that because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may: a. cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious
irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness; or b. pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported or disposed of, or otherwise managed."
The landfill operator should become familiar with the regulations on hazardous waste management. Even though hazardous waste is prohibited at the landfill and the prohibition is posted at the
entrance, some small quantities of hazardous waste may get into the landfill. The personnel
working at the entrance facility and the working face should be aware of the more common items they might find and how to handle those items. The procedures in the Waste Screening Plan, Attachment IV-C to this Operations Report, are the minimum that should be followed if a suspicious item is found.

4.4 FIRST AID The moving of heavy equipment, the maneuvering of collection trucks and smaller vehicles
and the mix of materials found on a landfill combine to create a hazardous environment. Managing
the hazardous environment is the subject of another section. This section deals with handling the consequences of an injury from an accident. Immediate response is critical to the successful treatment of an injury. At least one person
trained in basic first aid should be on the site at all times. It is preferable that at least one person
trained in advanced first aid be on the site. These courses are available at a modest cost from the American Red Cross and many rescue squads. An industrial first aid kit should be kept at the office at all times where everyone can find it. Vehicles should have smaller portable first aid kits. The telephone number of the nearest rescue squad should be posted beside every telephone.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-37 All injuries should be reported, and the appropriate reports filed. This will protect the County and the employee in the case of a workman’s compensation claim. It will also give the supervisor a record to check. If the same type of injury keeps reoccurring, then the cause or a
method to avoid the injury causing action should be found and changes in procedures made. 4.5 DISASTER DEBRIS SITES The C&D landfill has two temporary disaster debris sites located on it, one for C&D material (DS68-002) and one for vegetative waste materials (DS68-001). These sites are pre-
approved by NC DEQ to handle disaster/storm debris in the time of natural disasters for use of
handling excessive storm generated debris and have been deemed acceptable for temporary management areas. Both sites are located within the footprint of the permitted C&D landfill and would only be
used after application was made to the Department for the temporary use of the sites. In the event of
activation, the C&D unit would be located within an active phase but separate from the current working face. By keeping the storm debris separate from the normal incoming waste, the County can maintain their current operations while allowing for the storm generated waste to be tracked and measured for potential FEMA reimbursement.

The vegetative waste, if activated, would be stockpiled within the Phase II and III area while awaiting volume reduction efforts. This debris management site will only be available to the County for use during the time prior to construction of Phases II and III. After Phase II and III are constructed, the County will need to use one of their other pre-approved sites or look for a new site.
All wastes will be handled in a manner consistent with the County’s emergency and disaster
response plans and NC DEQ’s Emergency/Disaster Vegetative and Land Clearing Debris Guidance. Both units would need to be closed within 6 months of activation unless specific approval was granted by NC DEQ for an extension of time to handle the ultimate disposal of the wastes.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-38 5.0 STAFFING 5.1 POSITIONS
The landfill staff turns the plans for the landfill into reality. The quality of the landfill operation rests almost entirely with the staff. If they execute the plans properly the landfill will operate successfully. The County’s liability from the landfill will be minimized. The following sections discuss briefly the roles and responsibilities normally associated with the positions found at
the most landfills.
The Solid Waste Management Director has overall responsibility for site operations, as well as general site planning. The Director is responsible for policy and field design decisions.
The County Solid Waste Management Department is the primary site operator. The County
is responsible for the daily activities at the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill. The Director, or his duly appointed representative, will directly supervise and inspect daily operations. The on-site supervisor or equivalent personnel will be trained and will maintain training in
all aspects of landfill operation as outlined in Section 5.2 below. The on-site supervisor or
equivalent personnel will, in accordance with Rule .0542(j)(2) and G.S. 130A-309.25, be on site while the facility is open for public use and at all times during active waste management. The on-site supervisor will administer the daily instructions and be responsible for the proper operation and maintenance of the equipment. Additional duties may include personnel administration and
handling problems with customers. He should also keep the Director up to date on the needs and
problems of the landfill. The equipment operators are responsible for the waste handling activities, including placement and compaction, cover material excavation, daily equipment servicing and minor
maintenance and other miscellaneous duties such as site cleanup.
The gate attendants are responsible for handling the incoming vehicles. Vehicles must be processed through the attendant’s station and accurately charged for their waste. Vehicles must be screened and sent to the proper part of the landfill for the waste they are carrying. The gate
attendants should be familiar with the operational aspects of the landfill. They can then give
customers accurate answers to their questions about landfill rules and policies. Gate attendants assist with other general activities. The landfill staffing includes full time inspectors. These inspectors perform waste screening
of incoming loads and assist with directing traffic. Occasionally, it may be necessary to add additional staff for special projects such as major cleanup campaigns and construction. Other County staff or part time employees should be
considered.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-39 5.2 TRAINING
Training is available for employees from many sources. Solid waste trade and professional associations sponsor seminars and training at low or no costs. One such seminar is the Certified Landfill Manager course offered by the Solid Waste Association of North America. The American Red Cross, Fire Department and National Safety Council can provide first aid, fire and vehicle safety information. Equipment manufacturers are a source of information on equipment operation.
A qualified firm will conduct groundwater and surface water monitoring, and a certified environmental laboratory will conduct laboratory analysis. The following training program can be implemented at a fairly low cost: Subject Employees Frequency Waste Handling Supervisor, Operators Initial Employment & Annual Waste Monitoring All Initial Employment & Annual
Review of All Initial Employment & Annual Operations Report Review of Permit All Initial Employment & Annual
and Regulations
Reporting and All Initial Employment & Annual Recordkeeping
Equipment O & M Operators Semi-Annual And With
All New Equipment First Aid, CPR Supervisors Yearly
Fire Control All, Fire Dept. Semi-Annual
Hazardous Material All Semi-Annual Recognizing All Yearly
Hazardous Wastes
General Safety All Monthly Operators Weekly

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-40 6.0 SAFETY 6.1 GENERAL
The cost of an accident can be several times the medical expenses required to bring an employee back to work. The personnel working on a landfill are exposed to a variety of hazards from heavy equipment, vehicles and the many materials they handle.
The sources of injury could be fire or explosion, contact with contaminants, falls, equipment
accidents, traffic accidents and enclosed areas such as manholes. An effective safety program will train the employees to see the hazards early and avoid them or change the situation to eliminate the hazard. The principle of risk management can be practiced on a landfill.
First, inventory activities to assess hazards. Once the hazards are recognized, determine
who is exposed to the hazard and how often the exposure exists. The goal then is to do one of three things. a. Reduce the exposure to the hazard by isolating the hazardous situation or eliminating
it. An example may be to place a guard rail next to a steep slope.
b. Change the frequency of exposure to the hazard. For example, the servicing of a piece of equipment may be put on a less frequent cycle by use of a higher grade oil or part.

c. Where exposure cannot be guarded or reduced the employee must be trained to work in the hazardous environment and give the necessary protective equipment. An example will be the inspection of the landfill gas venting system.

6.2 EQUIPMENT Most safety training can be accomplished by use of the many packaged training programs. Some equipment manufactures can provide training films that are usually available on a loan basis.

The following checklist for safe equipment operation may be useful. a. Check equipment before starting b. Use steps and handholds
c. Keep steps clean d. Inspect area before moving e. Operate from driver’s seat f. Wear seat belts
g. Never mount moving equipment
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Page IV-41 h. Authorized passengers only i. Keep bucket or blade low j. Check blind areas
k. Keep enough clearance l. Avoid sidehill travel m. Avoid excessive speed n. Do not crush sealed containers o. Go carefully over bulky items
p. Check work area q. Park on level ground r. Lower attachments to ground when parked s. Never jump from equipment t. Avoid leaving equipment unattended
u. Always have adequate lighting v. Clean equipment before repairing w. Remain in seat during equipment adjustments
6.3 PERSONNEL Steel toe safety shoes with steel sole plates and gloves should be required apparel for landfill personnel. If necessary, dust protection should be provided. Good hygiene should be stressed to all
personnel to prohibit the spread of contamination. Smoking on the landfill and in any confined area
should be discouraged.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-A

ATTACHMENT IV-A PAINT FILTER TEST

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-A

Method 9095 Paint Filter Liquids Test

1.0 Scope and Application 1.1 This method is used to determine the presence of free liquids in a representative sample of waste.

1.2 The method is used to determine compliance with 40 CFR 264.314 and 265.314. 2.0 Summary of Method
2.1 A predetermined amount of material is placed in a paint filter. If any portion of the
material passes through and drops from the filter within the 5-min (minute) test period, the material is deemed to contain free liquids. 3.0 Interferences

3.1 Filter media were observed to separate from the filter cone on exposure to alkaline materials. This development causes no problems in the sample is not disturbed. 4.0 Apparatus and Material

4.1 Conical paint filter: Mesh number 60 (fine meshed size). Available at local paint stores such as Sherwin-Williams and Glidden for an approximate cost of $0.07 each. 4.2 Glass funnel: If the paint filter, with the waste, cannot sustain its weight on the ring
stand, then a fluted glass funnel or glass funnel with a mouth large enough to allow at least 1 in. of the filter mesh to protrude should be used to support the filter. The funnel is to be fluted or have a large open mouth in order to support the paint filter yet not interfere with the movement, to the graduated cylinder, of the liquid that passes through the filter mesh.
4.3 Ring Stand and ring, or tripod. 4.4 Graduated cylinder or breaker: 100-mL. 5.0 Reagents

5.1 None
6.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-A

6.1 All samples must be collected according to the directions in Chapter Nine of EPA
SW-846.
6.2 All 100-mL or 100-g representative sample is required for the test. It is not possible to obtain a sample of 100 mL or 100 g that is sufficiently representative of the waste, the analyst may use larger size samples in multiples or 100 Ml or 100 g, i.e., 200, 300, 400 mL
of g. However, when larger samples are used, analysts shall divide the sample into 100-mL
or 100-g portions and test each portion separately. If any portion contains free liquids, the entire sample is considered to have free liquids. 7.0 Procedure

7.1 Assemble test apparatus as shown in the attached Figure. 7.2 Place sample in the filter. A funnel may be used to provide support for the paint filter.

7.3 Allow sample to drain for 5 min into the graduated cylinder. 7.4 If any portion of the test material collects in the graduated cylinder in the 5 min-period, then the material is deemed to contain free liquids for purposes of 40 CFR 2.64.314
and 265.314. 8.0 Quality Control 8.1 Duplicate samples should be analyzed on a routine basis.
9.0 Method Performance 9.1 No data provided.
10.0 References 10.1 None required.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-B

ATTACHMENT IV-B

WASTE HANDLING GUIDELINES

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-B

VARIOUS WASTES, THEIR CHARACTERISTICS, PROBLEMS, AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Waste Materials Compactability Special Problems Disposal and Precautions Procedures Volatile and Flammable Wastes Paints, paint residues Good Do not accept at landfill Generally classified as not cleaning fluids, Accepted at household hazardous. magnesium shavings, hazardous waste and other liquids, powders facility. or solids Incinerator Fly Ash and Residue (must have permission from State to Accept) Fly ash, bottom ash Good Do not accept at landfill. Wet it if necessary to prevent it from blowing, then
incorporate into landfill. Residue remaining after Good Do not accept at landfill. Requires TCLP and incineration
combustion special approval for (MSW ash) acceptance. Incorporate into fill and, if necessary, cover immediately. Chemical and Pesticide Containers Empty containers and Good If open or able to be Incorporate into drums sufficiently perforated, landfill and crush.
it may be accepted. If not, dispose at properly permitted MSW facility.
Full or partially full Do not May damage Final detoxification and containers compact environment. Do not disposal by incineration or
accept in landfill. pyrolysis (elsewhere). Accepted in household hazardous waste
facility.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-B

Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Wastes
MSW Good Do not accept at landfill. Dispose of in MSW landfill. Papers, cans, bottles, and Usually Boxes and containers Recycle materials except for glass containers, cardboard excellent may act as cushion or paper and food waste. Dispose and wooden boxes, food bridge, protecting low- of those materials in MSW wastes, lumber, metals. strength materials from landfill (Recycle above materials compaction. (Request except for paper and generator to recycle
food wastes.) cardboard and metal). Brush, yard clippings Poor Not accepted in Disposal of in brush handling landfill. area.
Bulky Wastes Car bodies, large appliances Difficult, Not accepted in landfill. Separate areas area provided tree stumps, timbers except with for disposal. steel-wheeled compactors with chopper blades. Dead Animals Birds, cats, dogs, and Do not accept. Not accepted. other small animals. Cows, horses Do not accept. Not acceptable.
Industrial Process Wastes Liquids, semi-liquids Care must be taken Not accepted. to not pollute surface and groundwater. Contact State for guidance.
Films and light, fluffy, Good Care must be taken Cover immediately. Friable easily airborne May be asbestos asbestos not accepted. materials. containing wastes.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-B

Granules, shavings, Good Health hazards to Cover immediately. Waste turnings, powders. operating personnel, determination may be
abrasive or corrosive required. to machinery. Large sheets of plastic, Very poor Health hazard to Cover immediately. May metal, wood, etc. operating personnel, be recycled if possible. abrasive or corrosive to machinery.
Defective products. Variable Drivers and helpers Incorporate into fill (non-chemical) may be tempted to immediately and compact. scavenge. Radioactive Wastes and Explosives Explosives Do not Danger to personnel DO NOT ACCEPT. compact and equipment. Radioactive wastes Do not Not acceptable for DO NOT ACCEPT. If compact any landfill detected in delivery, isolate personnel and vehicle, then contact regulatory authorities, State Police, and/or Fire Dept.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-C

ATTACHMENT IV-C Waste Screening Procedure Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Orange County, North Carolina

Prepared for
Orange County Solid Waste Management Department

Prepared By
Draper Aden Associates 930 Main Campus Drive Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919.827.0864
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment IV-C- Table of Contents

Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Regulations ................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Responsibility ............................................................................................................................ 1 3.0 Notifications .............................................................................................................................. 1
4.0 Initial Inspection ........................................................................................................................ 2 5.0 Random Waste Screening Procedure ....................................................................................... 2 5.1 Inspection Frequency .................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Random Inspections ..................................................................................................... 2 5.3 Continuous Observation ............................................................................................... 3
5.4 Recordkeeping .............................................................................................................. 3 5.5 Training ......................................................................................................................... 3 5.6 Contingency Plan .......................................................................................................... 3
Appendix – Figures
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-C- Page 1

1.0 Introduction
This waste screening plan was prepared for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D
Landfill. The plan is based on information from the SWANA Publication, Waste Screening at Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities. Figures 1-5 of this procedure are based on that document.
This plan is intended to provide guidance to the facility operator, the Orange County Solid
Waste Management Department, for implementation of a waste screening program. The plan is a supplement to the site operating policies and procedures. 1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this plan is to provide guidance for municipal solid waste screening. Waste screening is defined as the process of detecting and diverting unauthorized, unacceptable, MSW, regulated Hazardous, regulated Medical, Radioactive, PCB and liquid waste from the Landfill Disposal Unit.

1.2 Regulations Applicable Regulations:
• 40 CFR Subpart 61M - National Emission Standards for Asbestos
• 40 CFR Subpart 761D – Storage and Disposal of PCB’s
• 15A NCAC 13B .0534 - General Requirements for C&DLF Facilities and Units

2.0 Responsibility The facility operator is responsible for notifying the facility users of the criteria for waste acceptance. The facility operator is responsible for implementing the Waste Screening Plan.

3.0 Notifications The operator will provide to every commercial operator statements that incoming waste is subject to screening and a listing of unacceptable wastes and/or waste acceptance policies. In
general the following are not acceptable wastes for the C&D Waste Disposal Unit. Some of the
wastes may be acceptable at other units. Regulated Hazardous Wastes Waste Containing PCB's
Radiological Waste
Regulated Medical Waste Unrinsed Pesticide Containers
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-C- Page 2

Liquids (A waste is classified as liquid if it fails the "Paint Filter Test".) Yard Trash - A separate handling area is provided
Asbestos-containing material
Waste Oil - A separate handling area is provided Tires - A separate handling area is provided Municipal Solid Waste Unapproved Industrial/Commercial Waste
Any other special waste as determined by the facility operator (See the list of banned items
on Pages 4 and 5 of the Operations Report.) Applications for acceptance of industrial, commercial or special waste must be submitted to the Orange County Solid Waste Management Department.

A sign or signs will be posted at the landfill entrance stating that wastes are subject to inspection and unacceptable waste will be excluded. 4.0 Initial Inspection
The scale attendant will determine from the waste hauler the nature and origin of the waste being delivered. Unacceptable waste discovered at this point will either be turned away or directed to a proper disposal/handling facility. New or unfamiliar haulers will be subject to detailed questioning as to the character of their loads. Refer to Figures 1-3.

5.0 Random Waste Screening Procedure The following procedure will be used to randomly inspect incoming waste haulers so as to screen out the above listed wastes.

5.1 Inspection Frequency Loads will be inspected at the frequency of at least one (1) inspection per week of the commercial and industrial haulers, or loads mixed with residential waste, but no less
than 50 inspections per year. 5.2 Random Inspections The facility operator will conduct detailed inspections of the loads of commercial
and industrial waste, or loads mixed with residential waste. The waste load will be diverted to specially constructed pad made of low permeability earth near to the operating face. The pad should be constructed as illustrated in Appendix to this Waste Screening Procedure. The incoming loads will be inspected as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 in the
Appendix to this Waste Screening Procedure. A record will be kept of the inspection on a
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-C- Page 3

form similar to that illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. Unacceptable waste may be photographed for purposed of maintaining a complete record.

Unacceptable non-hazardous waste will be removed from the site by the hauler who brought it on site. Hazardous waste will be treated in accordance with the Contingency Plan.
5.3 Continuous Observation In addition to the random screening described above, the equipment operators, spotter and on site inspector will observe the incoming waste as it is dumped during normal operations. If the material cannot be identified, the material will be relocated to the
appropriate handling area or isolated as described under the Contingency Plan below.
5.4 Recordkeeping Records of inspections, rejected waste and unacceptable waste that was removed
from the site will be kept in the Operating Record. The records will be kept for the life of
the site plus thirty years. The Operating Record will be subject to inspection at any time. Regulated Hazardous waste, found at the site will be reported to the DENR Solid Waste Section for consultation as to proper handling procedures.

5.4 Training The Landfill Supervisor and Site Inspector will be trained in waste screening and recognition of Regulated Hazardous waste and other unacceptable waste. The SWANA
Waste Screening Course is recommended. The Landfill Supervisor will distribute information from the course and other sources on waste screening to the site personnel. The Landfill Supervisor will conduct semi-annual training on waste screening policies and procedures.
5.5 Contingency Plan Should unacceptable waste be found at the working face or elsewhere on site, the following procedure will be followed.
1. As waste is being unloaded, watch for items such as: 1 and 5 gallon cans with liquids, compressed gas cylinders, 20, 35 and 55 gallon drums, any powder or liquid that emits a vapor or smokes. The operator may add to this list.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-C- Page 4

2. If determined as safe the material will be removed to a location away from the working face to prevent accidental disturbance. Items not determined to
be safe should be isolated using equipment, if the container will not be
damaged. Otherwise the area must be isolated and fill operations moved to another location or halted depending on the apparent risk involved. 3. If suspicious waste is found, isolate it as best as possible. Report the
suspicious waste to the supervisor or call the Fire Department at 968-2781.
Ask for the Hazmat Representative. He will come and determine the degree of hazard, if any. 4. If the material is found to be hazardous, contact the Waste Management
Specialist, DENR Division of Waste Management. If material is found that
cannot be handled in the above described manner, the landfill operator will immediately contact the appropriate emergency personnel and request their immediate action to remove and safely dispose of dangerous materials discovered at the landfill. This may include contracting with a properly
licensed transport service to remove the material to a properly permitted
disposal/handling facility. 5. Every attempt should be made to identify the hauler who brought the container into the site. That hauler should be responsible for its removal or
cleanup costs. 6. During the period the material is on site, no one should attempt to move it by hand or to sample or smell it. Protective clothing and equipment is usually required to handle such material.
The following emergency telephone numbers are provided in the event of an emergency. EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS
Emergency Coordinator Robert Williams, Solid Waste Management Director ............................ 919-968-2788 Bruce Woody, Assistant Solid Waste Director ....................................... 919-918-4913 Sheriff's Department ............................................................................................ 919-942-6300 Fire Department ................................................................................................... 919-968-2781
State Police ........................................................................................................... 919-733-3861 Rescue Squad ....................................................................................................... 919-967-1515 Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Waste Management, Raleigh ............................................................ 919-707-8200
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
FIRE OCCURRENCE NOTIFICATION
NCDEQ Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
Notify the Section verbally within 24 hours and submit written notification within 15 days of the occurrence.
(If additional space is needed, use back of this form.)
NAME OF FACILITY:PERMIT #
DATE AND TIME OF FIRE:@
HOW WAS THE FIRE REPORTED AND BY WHOM:
LIST ACTIONS TAKEN:
WHAT WAS THE CAUSE OF THE FIRE:
DESCRIBE AREA, TYPE, AND AMOUNT OF WASTE INVOLVED:
WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE TO PREVENT THIS FIRE:
DESCRIBE PLAN OF ACTIONS TO PREVENT FUTURE INCIDENTS:
NAME:TITLE:DATE:
***********************************************************************************************************
THIS SECTION TO BE COMPLETED BY SOLID WASTE SECTION REGIONAL STAFF
DATE RECEIVED _________________________________
List any factors not listed that might have contributed to the fire or that might prevent occurrence of future fires:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FOLLOW-UP REQUIRED:
NO PHONE CALL SUBMITTAL MEETING RETURN VISIT BY:____________________ (DATE)
ACTIONS TAKEN OR REQUIRED:
Revised 6/15/2016
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report June 23, 2017 Attachment IV-C - Appendix

Appendix Figures
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-D

ATTACHMENT IV-D INSPECTION FORM

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-D

OPERATIONAL INSPECTION CHECKLIST ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL Date of Inspection Inspector's Name Monthly Inspections Category No. Inspection to be Conducted Security 1 Is entrance gate and lock functioning properly Yes No Control 2 Is fencing maintained Yes No
Devices 3 Is access controlled by wooded areas where no fence exists Yes No Site 4 Site accessible to vehicles by all-weather roads leading from public system Yes No Accessibility 5 Scale attendant at landfill entrance Yes No 6 Is traffic pattern safe for landfill users Yes No
Waste 7 Are waste and recyclables deposited or stored in proper designated areas Yes No Handling 8 Bulky wastes pushed onto working face near bottom of cell Yes No 9 Are liquids disposed of onsite Yes No 10 Is a 50 foot fire break maintained around the disposal area Yes No 11 Scavenging prohibited except in controlled areas Yes No Compaction 12 Landfill equipment capable of functioning on slope Yes No 13 Solid wastes spread in layers not more than 2 feet thick Yes No 14 Lift heights less than 10 feet Yes No 15 Solid wastes compacted to smallest practical volume (Is the Yes No compactor making 3 to 5 passes on each layer)
16 Is working face small enough to manage Yes No Cover 17 Adequate equipment on site to cover wastes daily Yes No Material 18 Weekly cover applied Yes No 19 Compacted soil weekly cover, when used, thickness at least 6 inches Yes No 20 Intermediate cover applied where necessary Yes No
21 Compacted intermediate cover thickness at least 12 inches Yes No 22 Is vegetative cover established on exterior landfill slopes Yes No 23 Do areas required seeding on the site Yes No 24 Is there sign of settlement on the landfill Yes No 25 Is there evidence of slope failures on the landfill cap Yes No
26 Does the vegetation require mowing Yes No 27 Does the vegetation appear healthy Yes No
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-D

Aesthetics 28 Litter blowing controlled (portable fences, etc., entire Yes No working face to have continuous fence)
29 Litter removed from fences at end of each operating day Yes No 30 Access roads cleaned of litter and debris Yes No 31 Is dust controlled on site Yes No 32 Are odors controlled on site Yes No 33 Are vectors (birds, rodents, other animals) controlled on site Yes No Erosion 34 Is there sign of erosion damage on the landfill cover Yes No Damage such as gullies or rills on the surface
35 Are ditches and channels collecting siltation Yes No 36 Is the sedimentation basin at capacity Yes No 37 Is the spillway cleaned, functional, and undamaged Yes No 38 Surface water control features functional (is run on collected Yes No and run-off diverted from site) 39 Is ponding of water on top of waste evident Yes No
40 Is there contact between wastes and water Yes No (Note: Erosion damage to be inspected after every major storm event in addition to monthly inspections) Air 41 Decomposition gas migration vented to atmosphere Yes No Quality 42 Concentration of decomposition gases in a manner that Yes No will pose an explosion or toxicity hazard 43 Are there areas of dead vegetation on the landfill Yes No 44 Are the gas probes or vents damaged Yes No Safety 45 Safety devices (e.g., roll over protective structures, slat-belts, Yes No
audible reverse warning devices, fire extinguishers) provided on landfill equipment 46 Are safety hazards to personnel apparent on site Yes No 47 Emergency communications equipment available Yes No 48 Access to site controlled Yes No 49 Access to site established by roadways only Yes No
50 Traffic pattern and signs established Yes No 51 Safety manual available for use by employees Yes No 52 Employees instructed about safety procedures Yes No
53 Employees follow safety procedures Yes No 54 Provision established for extinguishing fires in wastes being Yes No delivered to site, at working face, and at personnel facilities
Records 55 Are records maintained of incoming waste volumes/tonnages Yes No 56 Are records maintained of disposed asbestos Yes No 57 Are records maintained of waste inspections Yes No 58 Are records maintained of environmental monitoring Yes No 59 Records kept for major operational problems and complaints Yes No 60 Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of gas control kept Yes No 61 Qualitative & quantitative evaluations of water quality analysis kept Yes No
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-D

Groundwater 62 Are groundwater monitoring well locks missing or inoperable Yes No
Monitoring 63 Are well outer casings damaged Yes No System 64 Are well inner casings damaged Yes No 65 Are there signs of well contamination Yes No 66 Signs of settlement or damage to concrete apron Yes No Benchmarks 67 Have the benchmarks been damaged or struck Yes No 68 Is there sign of settlement around the benchmarks Yes No 69 Are the benchmarks readily accessible Yes No
Comments: (Include item number from checklist where applicable)

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-E

ATTACHMENT IV-E

GROUNDWATER MONITORING PLAN

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment IV-F

ATTACHMENT IV-F

GAS CONTROL PLAN

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GAS CONTROL PLAN ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The following Gas Control Plan addresses monitoring of subsurface landfill gas migration around the Eubanks Road C&D Landfill and monitoring of landfill gas within facility structures. Landfill gas monitoring probes have been installed around the perimeter of the landfill. Methane is an odorless and colorless gas produced by the decomposition of organic material.
Landfill gas typically consists of 45 to 50% methane by volume. Landfill gas can move through subsurface strata, driven by pressure gradient and dispersion. The primary hazard from methane is its combustible nature. In concentrations of 5% to 15% in air, the mixture is explosive. At concentrations over 15% in air the gas will support a flame. The potential for methane to accumulate in confined spaces to a concentration of 5% or more is a health hazard.
Another potential hazard is for the methane and carbon dioxide which frequently accompanies it to displace the ambient air and cause oxygen deficiency. Since methane disperses very quickly, the probability of air displacement is quite remote except in tightly confined spaces.
1.1 Background Information 1.1.1 Facility Information
The Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit No. 68-04, is located approximately 5 miles north of Chapel Hill on Eubanks Road. The landfill is owned by the County of Orange. Waste placement began on June 1, 2006.
1.1.2 Regional Physical Setting
General physical conditions that characterize the landfill and surrounding areas are summarized in this section. Such conditions include physiography, geologic setting, hydrogeologic setting, and larger scale hydrogeologic influences.

1.2 Site Geology 1.2.1 Regional Physiographic Setting
The landfill is located in Region J of the North Carolina Geological Survey,
which is located in the eastern portion of the Piedmont geologic province (Carpenter and Wilson, 1981). Region J is comprised of six counties: Durham,
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Orange, Wake, Johnston, Chatham, Lee. The far eastern portion of Region J extends onto the Coastal Plain geologic province (Carpenter and Wilson, 1981).

1.2.2 Regional Soil Series Soils in Region J are typically dominated by three associations (Carpenter and Wilson, Plate 2):

• Georgeville-Herndon Association, which are well-drained, silty soils.
• Lignum-Iredell-Herndon Association, which are well-drained to
moderately well-drained, primarily clayey subsoils with loamy surface soils.
• Helena-Appling Association, which are well-drained to moderately well-drained, clayey soils.
1.2.3 Regional Geologic Setting Most of Orange County, including the subject landfill area, is located within the
Carolina Slate Belt, which is a large scale geologic terrain comprised of metavolcanic, metasedimentary and plutonic rock. Structurally, the terrain is characterized by relatively open to tightly closed, northeast-trending folds. Faults are common. To the east, the Slate Belt is bounded by sedimentary rocks of Triassic age, which outcrop in the extreme southeastern corner of Orange County.
The Geologic Map of Orange County, North Carolina (Allen and Wilson, 1968) indicates that the landfill area is immediately underlain by volcaniclastic epiclastic rocks (possibly Paleozoic in age; labeled as Unit III) and dacitic to rhyolitic rocks (possibly Paleozoic in age; labeled as Unit IV). The closest
intrusive body (igneous: granite) is approximately one-half mile to the south. The nearest dike (probably Triassic in age, basalt or diabase) is located to the east, approximately 3.5 miles from the landfill. 1.2.4 Regional Hydrogeologic Setting Bain and Thomas (1966) indicate that groundwater is generally obtained from either (1) fractures (or other planar features) in bedrock or (2) overlying residual soils.
1.3 Regulatory Limits Rule .0544(d)(2)(B) requires that the landfill monitor for methane gas or other explosive gases on at least a quarterly basis. The regulatory limits are:
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1.25% gas (25% LEL) Interiors of structures
5% gas (100% LEL) Concentration at the property boundary
(LEL = Lower Explosive Limit) 2.0 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING 2.1 Landfill Gas Probe and Vent Locations A series of landfill gas monitoring probes have been installed around the perimeter of the landfill unit. The probes were placed at approximately 250-foot to 300-foot intervals.
These probes will be monitored during the active life of the landfill and during the post-
closure care period. This spacing is determined to be adequate based on the nature of the waste, the site specific geology, and the remote location of the waste unit. Probe locations are shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings.
Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL) being detected in
various probes, a landfill gas interception trench has been installed at the facility. Initially, methane concentrations in GP-CD4 through GP-CD8, and GP-CD13 exceeded the LEL. Further investigation of landfill gas migration limits, monitoring of newly-constructed probes GP-CD6R and GP-CD8R indicated the presence of methane, with
GP-CD5R in exceedance of the LEL. Through the installation and monitoring of probes GP-14 through GP-18 and a subsequent landfill gas migration study, it was determined that a landfill gas interception trench should be installed along the western perimeter of the waste disposal area. The location of trenching and vents is shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by Draper Aden Associates
dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information, plans and specifications for the interception trench. A landfill gas venting system will be installed at the time of closure. Gas vents will be spaced approximately 200’ apart in order to achieve a frequency of approximately one vent
per acre. Additional venting may be necessary if the landfill gas concentration exceeds 80% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) at the facility boundary. 2.1.1 General System Design Requirements Future landfill gas probes will be advanced to just above seasonal high groundwater levels, or approximately 15 to 20 feet. One single-screen probe will be installed typically. Nested or clustered probes may be necessary in certain cases, such as when an exceedance of the lower explosive limit or a depth-to-groundwater of 45 feet or greater is present. The probe will be fitted with one quick connect coupling
for each nested monitoring screen, which will remain closed between monitoring
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events. The probe will be equipped with a removable cap, lock and label, and will be constructed in accordance with Specification Section 13322. A North Carolina
Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer must be present to supervise the
installation of all landfill gas monitoring wells. The gas venting system includes landfill gas vents within the waste footprint and a landfill gas collection layer below the low-permeability component of the landfill
cap. The gas collection layer will be a geocomposite material as specified in
Specification Section 13302. A landfill gas vent detail, to be used for future gas vent construction, is included the Permit Amendment Drawings. Specifications are included in the Engineering Plan. Passive landfill gas vents will consist of six (6) inch Schedule 80 PVC pipe installed within a eight (8) foot by eight (8) foot by three
(3) foot) excavated hole lined with geotextile fabric. Boreholes cannot be advanced
through C&D waste using typical bucket auger drill rigs. The vent borehole will be constructed using an excavator or similar equipment. Therefore, the typical depth of vents of 80% of the depth of waste, as found in MSW landfills, cannot generally be accomplished in C&D landfills. A solid PVC vertical pipe will be placed so that at a
depth of one and a half (1 ½) feet below the top of the intermediate cover layer, it
terminates and tees into a four (4) foot long horizontal perforated pipe section. The four-foot pipe section will terminate at each end into a tee, whereby two additional four-foot perforated pipe sections will run horizontally. Pipe perforations will be arranged in sets of 3/8-inch holes with 4 holes at 5 to 6 inch spacing. Slotted pipe
(0.010 inches) may be used in lieu of perforations. The well hole will be backfilled with NCDOT No. 57 aggregate to the bottom of the soil cap; the aggregate backfill will act as a filter pack for the landfill gas vent. The remainder of the well hole will be backfilled with a minimum eighteen (18) inch bentonite/soil seal.
Abandonment of wells will be in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C .0113(d) and certified by a North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer. An abandonment record will be provided to the DENR Solid Waste Section within thirty (30) days of well abandonment.
2.1.2 Compliance Non-Compliance Probes
Probes have been installed around the landfill perimeter, as shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. The compliance monitoring probes are as follows:
GP-CD1 GP-CD6R GP-CD9 GP-CD12 GP-CD2 GP-CD7R GP-CD10 GP-CD13R GP-CD3 GP-CD8R GP-CD11 GP-CD18 GP-CD4R
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Non-compliance probes will be monitored at the County’s option in order to gain additional information on migration of landfill gases. Should probes, whether
existing or proposed, be added or subtracted to the network, a request will be
provided to the Division. 2.1.3 Future Controls
The landfill gas control system consists of one passive landfill gas vent per acre of
landfill. If needed as indicated by landfill gas monitoring, additional control systems will be designed and submitted to DENR for review and approval. A permit amendment may be required for the additional control systems. Within thirty (30) days of well construction, an updated, scaled probe location map, boring log and
diagram will be submitted to the Solid Waste Section, which will include probe
location and elevation determined by a North Carolina Registered Land Surveyor, total depth, screened interval, and distance above the seasonal high water table. If an additional gas control system is required, the system will be designed to:

• prevent methane accumulation in on-site structures,
• reduce methane concentrations at monitored facility property boundaries to concentrations that are less than compliance levels, and
• provide for the collection and treatment, and/or disposal, of decomposition gas condensate produced at the surface. If required, future controls may include one or more of the following:

• additional landfill gas vents
• active collection systems
• interception/venting trenches Condensate generated from gas control systems cannot be recirculated into the landfill since the facility is not designed with a composite liner system.
2.2 Structure Sampling
Landfill gas migration can result in a fire and explosion hazard when methane accumulates in confined spaces such as pits, basements, and buildings. Inhabitable structures will be monitored as described in this section.

2.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency Landfill gas monitoring will begin upon installation of probes and will continue throughout the active life of the landfill and through the post-closure period.
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2.3.1 Quarterly for exterior probes with consistent readings of less than 1.25%
CH4.
2.3.2 Monthly for exterior probes reading over 1.25% CH4. 2.3.3 Quarterly for structures.
3.0 LANDFILL GAS SAMPLING 3.1 Detection Equipment
Exterior probes surrounding a landfill are routinely measured for methane content by percent volume. Subsurface pressure in inches of water column may be useful information. If the data collected during routine sampling of the exterior probes is used for design of an active landfill gas control system in the future, then the data will be referenced to atmospheric conditions. Only methane will be monitored for compliance. Interior testing
routinely measures the methane content only. Monitoring for methane can be accomplished with acceptable accuracy with a portable combustible gas meter calibrated for methane. The meter will have a dual scale which reads
either 0-5% methane or 0-100% methane. Accessories include line trap assemblies,
sampling hoses, probe tube, spare filters, and spare aspirators or batteries. Instruments based upon infrared technology are recommended, such that methane concentrations are not biased in low-oxygen environments. Self-contained landfill gas monitoring and recording units such as the Gas Data LMSx or the Landtec GEM 2000 are also recommended. These
units can also measure probe pressure.
Subsurface pressure, if monitored, may be measured by a mechanical gauge. A meter that monitors pressure or a set of at least two gauges will be needed. The recommended pressure ranges are 0-1 inch of water column and 0-10 inches of water column. The gauges come
with plastic sampling hoses and aluminum probes. Carrying cases will also be ordered. The
gauges are fairly durable if handled properly and require little or no maintenance. Prior to sampling, monitoring instruments will be calibrated in the field according to manufacturer’s specifications to detect the following parameters: methane, carbon dioxide,
oxygen. Calibration and span procedures shall be performed on the instrument using a
canister that is within the range of expected methane levels. For example, if low levels of methane are expected, a 15 CO2/15 CH4 canister can be used for calibration. Should high methane levels be expected, a 35 CO2/50 CH4 canister can be used. Methane zeroing will be done using ambient air in an open area, while oxygen zeroing can be done using any
zero-oxygen bottle.
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3.2 Sampling and Analysis
Monitoring will be scheduled during a time when landfill gas is most likely to migrate. Gas
migration is most likely when barometric pressure is low, or when soils are saturated with water. This typically includes:
• Afternoon hours;
• Frozen ground conditions
• Snow-covered ground conditions
• Snow-thaw conditions
• When barometric pressure is low 3.2.1 Perimeter Monitoring
The gas probes will be inspected upon arrival at each probe. Damaged probes will be repaired or replaced. In the event of settlement around the probe, the area will be regraded and a new concrete apron will be constructed.
The meter will generally be used in accordance with the following procedure:

1. Prepare the Monitoring Data Form, included as Appendix 1 to the Gas Control Plan, Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report, with the required information of facility name, permit number, type and serial number of gas
monitoring instrument, factory calibration date of the instrument, date of
landfill gas monitoring event, name and position of sample collector, pump rate of instrument being used, ambient air temperature, and general weather conditions.
2. At the initial probe and all subsequent probes that are expected to have a
significant difference in methane content from the previous probe, calibrate the meter with the calibration gases in accordance with manufacturer specifications. Record on the Monitoring Data Form the date and time of field calibration, type of gas used for field calibration (15/15 or 35/50), and
expiration date of field calibration gas canister.
3. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Record purge time and verification of purge on the Monitoring Data Form.
4. Clean around the probe cap to keep dirt from entering the sample tubes.
5. Remove the probe cap. 6. Connect the meter to the probe to be measured.
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7. Pump until a steady state is reached. The reading should not vary by more
than 0.5 percent by volume according to the instrument’s scale.
8. The meter will automatically record the concentrations of methane, oxygen, and other gases. Manually record methane, oxygen and carbon-dioxide concentrations and barometric pressure on the Monitoring Data Form.
Should oxygen read higher than 2%, the reading may be faulty and will be
verified with a second reading. 9. Disconnect the meter. Replace probe covers and caps and shut the valve, if applicable.

10. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Move to the next probe if applicable. 11. Repeat steps 2 - 10.

After probes have been measured, measure the gas standards using the meter to verify that the calibrations have not drifted. Reports of readings which exceed the regulatory limits will be submitted to the
Division upon detection. A copy of reports will be kept at the landfill or administrative offices in the official operating record. 3.2.2 Interior Monitoring
Interior spaces will be monitored using the selected combustible-gas meter in accordance with the following procedures. When personnel are required to fully enter an area to be monitored, oxygen will be monitored prior to methane. If the oxygen content is less than 19.5 percent, the air is considered as oxygen deficient and could be harmful to human health and safety.
Specific areas for interior testing are (as applicable per each structure):
• sewer cleanouts
• pipe penetrations of walls and floors
• floor drains - floor grates
• confined spaces beneath cabinets and counters
• closets and cabinets (especially those near sewer lines)
• closed rooms
• building foundation vents
• floor joints
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• floor cracks
• cracks
• pump stations
• manholes
• valve vaults
a. Oxygen Content Testing 1. Prepare the Monitoring Data Form, included as Appendix 1 to the
Gas Control Plan, Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report, with
the required information of facility name, permit number, type and serial number of gas monitoring instrument, factory calibration date of the instrument, date of landfill gas monitoring event, name and position of sample collector, pump rate of instrument being
used, ambient air temperature, and general weather conditions.
2. Prepare the oxygen meter by calibrating to ambient air in an open space or outdoors.
3. At each location tested for methane above, test for oxygen content by
inserting oxygen probe. 4. Pump and read meter after pointer has stabilized. The reading should not vary by more than 0.2 percent by volume according to the
instrument’s scale.
5. Test for oxygen levels at approximately one foot above the floor and approximately five feet above the floor.
6. Record readings on Monitoring data Form.
b. Methane Monitoring
1. At the initial structure and all subsequent structures that are expected
to have a significant difference in methane content from the previous
structure, calibrate the meter with the calibration gases in accordance with manufacturer specifications. Record on the Monitoring Data Form the date and time of field calibration, type of gas used for field calibration (15/15 or 35/50), and expiration date of field
calibration gas canister. Set the meter to 0% on the 0-5% scale.
Install the gas sampling hose and probe rod.
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2. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Record purge time and verification of purge on the Monitoring Data Form.

3. Enter the test area in a manner that minimizes the creation of air movements that can disperse methane. If sampling air in a closed space (such as a sewer clean-out), keep the cover closed as much as possible to reduce dispersal of the gas.

4. Place the probe in the area to be tested. Let the meter pointer stabilize and read the percent gas indicated. If the percent is over 5% remove the probe, switch to the 0-100% scale and repeat the reading.
5. The meter will automatically record the concentrations of methane,
oxygen, and other gases. Manually record methane, oxygen and carbon-dioxide concentrations and barometric pressure on the Monitoring Data Form.
6. Remove the probe and repeat Steps 1 through 5 at the same location
to obtain two readings. The readings should be duplicated within 1-2%. 7. Replace covers and caps, if applicable and move to the next
structure. Repeat steps 1 - 7. If methane readings over 1.25% are recorded, the source will be investigated
and the area ventilated. Readings of 5% or greater will be cause for immediate evacuation of the affected area. Begin ventilation immediately and begin a search for the source of the gas. Do not re-occupy until the gas levels are maintained below 1.25%.
As a general rule, maintaining a good air flow in the building and good ventilation will help reduce potential gas buildup situations. In addition, areas which are usually closed off such as janitorial closets and equipment service areas can be helped with louvered doors and through-the-wall vents.
High readings requiring evacuation or extra ventilation will be reported immediately.

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4.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING 4.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form A Monitoring Data Form is included as Appendix 1 to this Gas Control Plan. The form will be used any time that a probe is monitored for compliance. Completed forms will be kept on file at the facility.

4.2 Sampling Reports Reports on interior testing will be transmitted to the Solid Waste Division immediately upon completion.

4.3 Permanent Record Keeping The facility will have on file all interior testing reports as submitted to the Solid Waste Division. The file will include correspondence to and from the Division.

The facility will have on file all well completion logs and well abandonment logs as submitted to the Solid Waste Division, including boring logs, diagrams, and scaled probe location maps showing probe location and elevation determined by a North Carolina Registered Land Surveyor, total depth, screened interval, and distance above the seasonal
high water table. The file will include correspondence to and from the Division. At the time of closure of the landfill, records will be transferred to the administration office of the Orange County Solid Waste Management Department. Reporting to DENR Solid Waste Division and record keeping by the County will continue through post-closure.
5.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN The solid waste rules indicate that the landfill operator must take certain steps when the regulatory
limits of gas concentration are reached. Those steps are as follows. a. Immediately take all steps necessary to protect human health and notify the Solid Waste Division.
b. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health. c. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the division that
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the plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remediation.

d. The Division may establish alternative schedules for demonstrating compliance. Waiting until the regulatory concentration limits occurs before taking action may accidentally place the site in non-compliance status. Consequently, the following interim action level is
recommended. If the exterior probes read 1.25% gas for three consecutive months, the operator will
make further investigation in the vicinity of the suspect probes. The investigation will determine if additional monitoring is needed or if active or passive gas control systems are needed. Should the investigation indicate a need for additional gas controls, the Solid Waste Division will
be notified. A schedule for implementation will be established with the Division and
implementation will take place according to that schedule. 6.0 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER OR GEOLOGIST CERTIFICATION A North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer must be present to supervise the installation of all landfill gas monitoring wells. Installation and abandonment of any gas probes
must be certified by a North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer.
This Gas Control Plan and any revisions or amendments to it must be certified by a North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer. The Professional Certification Statement is included as Appendix 2 to this Gas Control Plan.

7.0 REGISTERED LAND SURVEYOR CERTIFICATION The boring logs and/or well diagrams that are to be submitted to the Solid Waste Section following
well construction must be signed and sealed with the stamp of a North Carolina Registered Land
Surveyor.
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Appendix 1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Report Form
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Appendix 2 Professional Certification of the Gas Control Plan
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan Revised May 28, 2019

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL

PERMIT AMENDMENT APPLICATION

SECTION V CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 Closure Plans ............................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Cap System ................................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Cap Components .............................................................................................. 2 2.1.2 Closure Activities ............................................................................................ 2
2.1.3 Closure of Disposal Units ................................................................................ 3
2.1.4 Cover System Stability .................................................................................... 7 2.1.5 Construction Specifications ............................................................................. 8 2.1.6 Landfill Gas Management ............................................................................... 8 2.1.7 Leachate Management ..................................................................................... 9
2.2 Extent of Closure ........................................................................................................ 10
2.3 Maximum Inventory of Waste ................................................................................... 10 2.4 Closure Schedule ........................................................................................................ 11 2.4.1 Closure Time Frame ...................................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Schedule for Closure...................................................................................... 11
2.5 Closure Cost Estimate ................................................................................................ 12
2.6 Closure Certification .................................................................................................. 12 2.7 Recordation................................................................................................................. 13 3.0 Post-Closure Plan .................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Post-Closure Contact .................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Inspection.................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Environmental Monitoring ......................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring ............................................... 15 3.3.2 Landfill Gas Monitoring ................................................................................ 16
3.4 Maintenance ............................................................................................................... 16
3.4.1 Security Control Devices ............................................................................... 16 3.4.2 Erosion Damage Control ............................................................................... 16 3.4.3 Correction of Settlement, Subsidence and Displacement ............................. 17 3.4.4 Run-on and Runoff Control Structures ......................................................... 17
3.4.5 Leachate Collection System .......................................................................... 17
3.4.6 Landfill Gas Collection / Venting System .................................................... 17 3.4.7 Groundwater Monitoring Wells .................................................................... 17 3.5 Leachate Management System .................................................................................. 18 3.6 Post-Closure Certification .......................................................................................... 18
3.7 Post-Closure Uses ...................................................................................................... 18

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4.0 Closure and Post-Closure Cost Estimates .............................................................................. 19 4.1 Closure Costs .............................................................................................................. 19 4.2 Post-Closure Care Costs ............................................................................................. 19
4.3 Financial Assurance ................................................................................................... 19

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Attachment 1 Post Closure Inspection Report Forms
Attachment 2 Closure and Post-Closure Care Cost Estimates Attachment 3 Slug Test Data of On-Site Soils Attachment 4 Slip Circle Analysis
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The narrative, plans, and specifications for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill are prepared in compliance with the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rule .0543.
This plan supersedes the plan prepared by Joyce Engineering, Inc. (JEI) dated May 2003 that was included in the “Construction Plan Application for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill”. The drawings, appendices, tables and figures from the “Construction Plan Application” should be considered incorporated by reference as part of this closure and post-closure plan.
The facility operates under Permit 68-04. A permit to operate Phase 1 of the facility was issued on December 14, 2005 by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), which is now called the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). This plan addresses the closure and post-closure care of Phases 1 through 3 of the facility. Phase 1 covers approximately 7.7 acres. Phases 2 and 3 are projected future phases,
approximately 4.9 acres in size. Phases 4 and 5 will be a vertical extension of Phases 1 through 3. Execution of this plan will minimize maintenance through proper construction of a permanent cap, erosion and sediment control features, and drainage features, which will reduce the potential of the landfill becoming a hazard to the environment through the post-closure period.
These documents were prepared by Draper Aden Associates pursuant to a contract between Draper Aden Associates and Orange County with respect to the project described in said contract. Reuse of said documents without written verification or adaptation by Draper Aden Associates for the specific purpose intended will be at the sole risk of the individual or entity utilizing said document, drawings, specifications, reports, and studies and such use is without the authorization
of Draper Aden Associates. Draper Aden Associates shall have no legal liability resulting from any and all claims, damages, losses, and expenses, including attorney's fees arising out of the unauthorized use of these documents, drawings, specifications, reports and studies prepared as a result of the aforesaid contract.
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2.0 CLOSURE PLANS 2.1 CAP SYSTEM 2.1.1 Cap Components The closure cap shall consist of the following components to be placed above the intermediate/weekly cover:
1. Geocomposite gas collection layer 2. Eighteen (18) inch soil infiltration barrier layer. 3. Twelve (12) inch erosion/vegetation support layer.
4. Minimum six (6) inch layer of top soil. 2.1.2 Closure Activities
Closure activities will consist of the following actions: 1. Placement and/or upgrading final drainage and erosion/sedimentation control measures prior to and during construction activities;
2. Placement and compaction of intermediate cover soil in order to achieve required slopes; 3. Final grading and placement of geocomposite gas collection layer, soil infiltration layer, erosion/vegetative support layer, and topsoil;
4. Surface roughening, liming, fertilizing, seeding and mulching of disturbed areas;
5. Placement and/or upgrading final drainage and erosion/sedimentation
control measures; 6. Preparing a construction quality assurance report to certify that closure occurred in accordance with this closure plan;

7. Recording a notation on the deed to the landfill facility property that the property has been used as a C&D landfill and its use is restricted under the closure plan approved by NCDEQ.
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Specifications for the construction activities are contained in Attachment II-B of the Engineering Plan .
2.1.3 Closure of Disposal Units
The Permit Amendment Drawings illustrate the proposed closure activities and the following discussion describes these actions.
1. Plan Sheets
Final grading of the site will be in accordance with the contours indicated on Drawing 6 (Phase 1 – Final Grading Plan) in the Construction Plan Application. The landfill will be brought to the final grades shown using the appropriate
landfilling methods. The final cap and vegetative layer will be installed after the
final grades are reached. Stockpiled earthen material previously used for various construction
activities may be used during final closure. Topsoil stripped from the intermediate
cover will be stockpiled for use during final closure. Topsoil stripped from the intermediate layer shall not reduce the thickness of the intermediate layer below 12 inches. The stockpiles will be graded so as to minimize erosion and prevent ponding of water on site. Erosion and sediment control measures will be installed
and properly maintained.
The side slopes of the closed landfill will be approximately 28.6 percent (3.5:1). Positive drainage will be maintained at the top of the landfill to reduce pooling of water on the fill. The minimum top slope is to be 5 percent after
construction. This minimum top slope will be maintained during the post-closure
period. Diversion berms will be installed on top of the soil cap cushion layer to decrease the slope length for stormwater runoff. The exterior slopes of the
diversion berms will exceed 33 percent. Slope drains will convey stormwater to
the perimeter ditches. On the flatter top and bottom slopes, positive drainage will be maintained to reduce pooling of water on the fill. If necessary, erosion control matting may be installed along the slopes of the landfill to reduce erosion after final grading. Localized areas exceeding a 33 percent slope such as the outer
slopes of the diversion berms or road tie-ins will receive further erosion control
measures as necessary to reduce erosion. The layers of the final cover will be placed in accordance with the plans and specifications. The specifications and the Construction Quality Assurance
Manual contain information for quality control and quality assurance for the final
cover construction.
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2. Cap Description Rule .0543 (c)(1) requires that the cap has “a permeability less than or
equal to soils underlying the landfill, or the permeability specified for the final
cover in the effective permit, or a permeability no greater than 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec, whichever is less.” As a part of the Site Plan Application submitted by Joyce Engineering, Inc. dated October 1999 and amended September 12, 2002, slug testing data was obtained. Laboratory testing results are included in Attachment
V-3 to this plan along with a map that indicates the location of testing points.
Based on the borings beneath the landfill (PZ-207 and PZ-208), the soil foundation has a permeability ranging from 1.89 x 10-4 cm/sec to 5.79 x 10-4 cm/sec. Undisturbed soil samples were not collected and tested for permeability. Based on this information, the soils underlying the landfill have permeabilities
greater than 1 x 10-5 cm/sec. Therefore, the cap should have a permeability of no
greater than 1 x 10-5 cm/sec. a. Description of Layers
The final cover for the landfill will consist of the system shown on the details on Sheet 8 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. The total overall thickness of the cap will be three feet, exclusive of the intermediate/weekly cover. The intermediate/weekly cover immediately
underlying the geocomposite drainage net shall be a minimum of 12
inches in thickness as measured perpendicularly to the slope. This layer shall be smooth and free of protruding rocks, sticks, roots, etc. The cover will include the following from bottom to top:
(i) Geocomposite gas collection medium. This layer consists
of an HDPE geonet material with a nonwoven geotextile on each side. The geocomposite material will allow for landfill gas to travel more freely below the infiltration barrier and to landfill gas vents.

(ii) Eighteen (18) inch soil infiltration barrier layer. This layer will be off-site soil, placed and compacted to have a permeability of 1 x 10-5 centimeters per second (cm/sec) or less.

(iii) Twelve (12) inch soil erosion/vegetative support layer. This layer will be off-site soil. The twelve-inch cushion will protect the infiltration barrier layer from mechanical damage from vehicles on the cover, from burrowing animals, from
taproots, and from freeze-thaw stresses.

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(iv) Minimum six (6) inch layer of topsoil or organically amended soil. This layer will be off-site soil. The layer will support vegetated growth to stabilize the completed
landfill slopes.
b. Description of Protective Materials The cap will be placed on top of the intermediate cover in order to
provide a base to compact the infiltration barrier layer soil. Prior to
placement of the cap, the vegetative cover that has been established on the intermediate soil will be stripped. The infiltration barrier layer will be protected above from
punctures, mechanical damage, and freeze-thaw damage by the twelve
(12) inch erosion/vegetation support layer and a six (6) inch topsoil or amended soil layer.
c. Soil Cap Construction Plan The cap will be constructed in accordance with the specifications and tested in accordance with the Construction Quality Assurance Manual. The soil for the soil infiltration barrier layer (permeability less than or
equal to 1 x 10-5 cm/sec) will come from an off-site borrow source
approved by the CQA Engineer. The location of the borrow source, the location of the samples taken to determine the suitability of the material, and the soil characteristics will be documented. The documentation will be submitted to NCDEQ as part of the certification of closure.

Soil infiltration barrier layer material will be placed on prepared intermediate/weekly cover. Surface preparation will consist of removal of vegetation and smooth grading to fill in ruts and rills, and may consist of removal of roots, stones, and foreign matter, and rolling to provide a
compacted surface.
Soil infiltration barrier layer material will be placed in no greater than six (6) inch thick compacted lifts. The actual allowable lift thicknesses will be determined during construction of a cap test pad. The
material will be compacted to a density and moisture content determined
by laboratory testing and verified by the test pad to achieve a minimum permeability of 1 x 10-5 cm/sec or less. The lifts will be compacted to break up clods, bond lifts together, and eliminate cracks during placement. If cracks are observed once the material is placed, that area will be
reworked and retested.

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Particular care will be taken in the placement of the erosion/vegetation support layer material to reduce damage to the cap. The soil will be discharged from trucks at the base or top of the slope, and
the material pushed onto the slope.
Layers of the final cover will be placed in accordance with the specifications and Construction Quality Assurance Manual. The specifications also contain detailed information for quality control and for
the final cover construction.
d. Erosion Control Layer The topsoil layer will be a minimum of six (6) inches of topsoil or
amended soil, vegetated with an approved seeding mixture depending
upon the time of year when seeded. The cover crop will be seeded in accordance with the mixture specified in Section 02480. The facility may modify the seed mixture or seed schedule.
3. Final Slopes The side slopes of the closed landfill will be a maximum of 28.6 percent (3.5:1). Berms will be installed on the slopes to decrease drainage lengths.
Positive drainage will be maintained at the top of the landfill to reduce pooling of
water on the fill. A minimum top slope of 5 percent will be maintained during the post-closure period. If necessary, erosion control matting may be installed along the slopes of the landfill to reduce erosion after final grading.
4. Maintenance Needs The cover system will be graded and seeded to establish a low maintenance final cover system. Slopes should require infrequent repairs of erosion problems once the vegetative cover is established. Covers that are low maintenance will be
used, such as tall fescue, lespedeza, ryegrass or other approved seeding mixture.
While the vegetative cover is being established, erosion will be controlled by mulch. Erosion control matting will be installed where required. 5. Construction Quality Assurance Plan
The Construction Quality Assurance Plan is included as a Section III in this Permit Amendment Application.
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6. Alternate Final Cover Systems An alternate final cover system is not proposed for use at this facility at this
time.

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2.1.4 Cover System Stability 1. Stability of Final Cover System
To evaluate slope veneer stability, an “infinite slope” failure was considered. The friction angles between components in the landfill cap were evaluated against the slopes with maximum gradient. The maximum slope is 28.6 percent, or about 15.9 degrees. The maximum slope is compared to angles of friction between various
components of the cap, and internal friction angles of each applicable component.
The following table lists the angles of friction and factors of safety for each component. The friction angles used are conservative values found in published data or from engineering judgment. Testing requirements for internal friction angles of soils are described in the CQA Manual and include a minimum factor of safety of
1.3. Testing requirements for interface friction angles between soils and
geocomposite are specified in Attachment II-B of the Engineering Plan, and include a minimum factor of safety of 1.5.
Interface Friction Angles
Interface Friction Angle, Degrees Factor of Safety
Waste internal angle of friction 30 1.9
Waste to intermediate cover 28 1.8 Intermediate cover internal angle of friction 30 1.9
Intermediate cover to geocomposite 28 1.8
Geocomposite to infiltration barrier soil 28 1.8
Infiltration barrier soil internal angle of friction 30 1.9
Infiltration barrier soil to erosion/support layer 28 1.8
Erosion support layer internal angle of friction 28 1.8
Erosion support layer to topsoil 26 1.6
Topsoil internal angle of friction 26 1.6

The previously permitted maximum slope was 4H:1V. Because an increase in final slope is proposed, a slip-circle analysis has been performed and is included as Attachment V-4 to this plan. A profile was selected for modeling that runs through the maximum fill
height and presents the greatest height versus shortest base section). Soil parameters were selected based on general soil types anticipated for use. These parameters are as follows.

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Slip Circle Analysis Parameters

Earthquake acceleration factors of 0.16g (horizontal) and 0.08g (vertical) are
based on 2008 USGS earthquake hazard maps. The section was modeled using StablPro V3.0 using waste cohesions of both 0 psf, and 500 psf. Because cohesion of waste can vary greatly, the analysis using a cohesion of 0 psf was done in order to analyze the degree that the cohesion affected the results. A cohesion of 500 psf is
more accurate, and its results should be used in evaluating slope stability. The model
using a waste cohesion of 500 psf exhibited a minimum factor of safety in the analysis of 1.20 under seismic conditions for deep-seated rotational failure within the waste mass. Under static conditions, the factor of safety is 2.16. The acceptable
factor of safety for static analysis is 1.5. It is likely that localized rotational failure
within the cover veneer will have a lower factor of safety than deep-seated failure. However, failure in localized areas of the cover will be considered a maintenance item and will be repaired promptly. The acceptable factor of safety for seismic analysis is 1.0. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the design is stable.

2. Erosion Control An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan was prepared by JEI and included in the Construction Plan Application. The side slopes of the closed landfill will be a
maximum of 28.6% (3.5:1). Since regular maintenance will be a part of the post-
closure activities, the integrity of the cap system should remain intact during the post-closure care period. Temporary silt fencing will be installed as required during the closure
construction.
Erosion control matting may be used on the face of the disposal unit after final grades have been established. The County will determine the need for the matting at the time of seeding.

Permanent diversion berms will be used to reduce erosion on the slopes of the landfill. The diversion berms will be placed to keep the overland flow from exceeding 200 feet, with most slope lengths less than 150 feet. The diversion berms empty into channels around the perimeter of the landfill. The channels will
carry flow to the sediment basin. Diversion berm channels are to be lined with
Layer Cohesion, psf Unit Weight, pcf Internal Angle of Friction Cap 1000 120 30
Waste 500 55 30
Underlying Soil 1000 120 26
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soil stabilization matting; perimeter channels will be either grass/matting or riprap/erosion control matting as appropriate.
Stormwater will be collected in channels around the perimeter of the
landfill. The channels will carry runoff to the sediment basin. Channel design data is included on Sheet 8 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. Some channels are to be grass lined. Riprap or erosion control matting will be used in channels wherever the velocity of the runoff would erode vegetative linings. Remnants of
temporary erosion control measures, such as siltation fences, that will not be
necessary once the site is stabilized will be removed. 2.1.5 Construction Specifications
Construction specifications for components of the landfill cap are included in
Attachment II-B of the Engineering Plan. 2.1.6 Landfill Gas Management Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL) being detected in various probes, a landfill gas interception trench has been installed at the facility. Initially, methane concentrations in GP-CD4 through GP-CD8, and GP-CD13 exceeded the LEL. During additional investigation of landfill gas migration limits,
monitoring of newly-constructed probes GP-CD6R and GP-CD8R indicated the presence
of methane, with GP-CD5R in exceedance of the LEL. Through the installation and monitoring of probes GP-14 through GP-18 and a subsequent landfill gas migration study, a landfill gas interception trench was designed along the western perimeter of the waste disposal area. This trench was installed since the 2012 Permit Modification
submittal and approval. The location of trenching and vents are shown on the Permit
Amendment Drawings. The “Landfill Gas Remediation Plan” developed by Draper Aden Associates, dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information regarding the landfill gas interception trench. This plan is included in Attachment 5. Landfill gas monitoring probes have been constructed around the perimeter of the
landfill unit. The Permit Amendment Drawings show the location of the probes as well as a gas probe construction detail. Specification Section 13322 is included in Attachment II-B of the Engineering Plan.
A landfill gas venting system will be installed at the time of closure. The system
includes landfill gas vents within the waste footprint and a landfill gas collection layer below the low-permeability component of the landfill cap. Gas vent locations are shown on Sheet 6 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. The gas venting system is described in the Gas Control Plan included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report. Additional
venting may be necessary as determined in accordance with the Gas Control Plan. A
landfill gas vent detail, to be used for future gas vent construction, is included in the Permit
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Amendment Drawings. Specification Section 13320 is included in Attachment II-B of the Engineering Plan.
Passive landfill gas vents will consist of six (6) inch Schedule 80 PVC pipe installed
within a horizontal gas collection trench/pit located below the final cover. The trench/pit will be approximately 8 feet by 8 feet in horizontal dimensions and approximately 3 feet in thickness. Waste will be excavated from the trench area, a 6 ounce geotextile will be laid in the pit/trench and wrapped up the sides, and a lift of stone bedding will be placed in the
bottom of the trench/pit. The geotextile will help to separate the waste from the newly
added stone. Horizontal perforated piping will be installed as shown on the detail on Sheet 8 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. Vertical vent piping will be installed at each vent location. The remaining gravel pack shall be installed carefully so as to avoid damaging the piping. The gravel pack will provide a uniform blanket of stone around the
central vent piping. Layers above the vent trench/pit will be installed identical to the
landfill cap design around the vent. The top of the vent shall be capped as shown in the plans. Additional information is included in Specification Section 13320 in the Engineering Plan.

2.1.7 Leachate Management The landfill does not have a leachate collection system. If leachate control is needed, the County will submit a plan to NCDEQ for review and approval prior to
implementation of control.
2.2 EXTENT OF CLOSURE The footprint of each Phase with projected intermediate and final grades is shown on
Sheets 3 through 6 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. The surface area of Phase 1 is 7.7 acres.
The surface area of Phases 2 and 3 is 4.9 acres. The Closure and Post-Closure cost estimates included in Attachment 2 of this Plan are for Phase 1 only. 2.3 MAXIMUM INVENTORY OF WASTE The volumes of each phase in cubic yards and estimated tons are as follows:
Phase Capacity (cubic yards) Net Remaining Airspace (cubic yards) Phase Capacity (tons)
Phase 1 (active) 282,000 74,800 152,000
Phases 2 & 3 257,000 257,000 139,000 Phases 4 & 5 189,000 189,000 102,000
Final Cover 62,000 62,000 100,000
Total
(Gross Capacity) 790,000 582,000 493,000
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Phase capacities shown do not include final cover. The gross capacity of the landfill is 790,000 cubic yards, which includes the volume of the final cap system. This gross capacity is a
1.9 percent increase from the previously permitted gross capacity of the landfill, specified in the
Site Plan Application prepared for this facility by Joyce Engineering, Inc. dated October 1999 and amended September 12, 2002. Conversion to tonnage assumes a 9:1 waste to soil ratio and a waste compaction of 1,200 pounds per cubic yard. Final cover tonnage is based on a compacted soil density of 120 pounds per cubic foot, or 3,240 pounds per cubic yard. The tonnage numbers will
vary depending upon soil cover use and waste compaction. Net remaining airspace is from the
March 2017 aerial mapping. 2.4 CLOSURE SCHEDULE
2.4.1 Closure Time Frame Prior to the closure of each phase, Orange County will notify NCDEQ that a
notice of intent to close has been placed in the operating record. The owner and operator
must begin closure activities for that portion of each C&D landfill unit meeting one or more of the following requirements, unless an extension has been granted by the Division. Extensions beyond the deadline for beginning closure may be granted by the Division if the owner or operator demonstrates that the portion of the C&D landfill unit
has the capacity to receive additional wastes and the owner and operator has taken and
will continue to take all steps necessary to prevent threats to human health and the environment from the unclosed C&D landfill unit: a. No later than thirty (30) days after the date on which the C&D landfill unit
receives the known final receipt of wastes;
b. No later than thirty (30) days after the date that a 10-acre or greater area of waste is within 15 feet of final design grades; or c. No later than one (1) year after the most recent receipt of wastes, if the C&D landfill unit has remaining capacity.

Final closure of the landfill will take approximately 6 months to complete. A professional engineer representing the facility will provide NCDEQ with certification of closure. 2.4.2 Schedule for Closure The estimated time for the closure activities may generally be summarized as follows. The time schedule is shown pertaining to final receipt of waste.
a. Notice of intent to close to NCDEQ ..................................... prior to closure
b. Mobilization of contractor ................................................................4 weeks
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c. Final grading .....................................................................................8 weeks d. Placement of final cap .....................................................................21 weeks e. Final establishment of erosion and sedimentation structures .........22 weeks
f. Final seeding ...................................................................................23 weeks
g. Completion of closure construction ................................................25 weeks g. Certification of closure ...................................................................30 weeks h. Record deed notation ......................................................................42 weeks
2.5 CLOSURE COST ESTIMATE The closure cost for the facility is included as Attachment 2 of this Plan, Closure and Post-Closure Cost Estimate. The estimate reflects closure of the initial phase (Phase 1). Approximately
7.7 acres of landfill area (Phase 1) will be capped at this point, if the facility does not obtain
approval to expand into Phases 2 and 3. 2.6 CLOSURE CERTIFICATION Following completion of the cap, a professional engineer representing the facility will certify the closure. The certification will document that the closure of the landfill was in accordance with the following:
• The CQA Plan.
• The conditions of the permit to construct.
• The requirements of NCAC Rule .0541.
• The requirements of NCAC Rule .0543.
• The approved closure plan
• Acceptable engineering practices.

The Construction Quality Assurance report must be prepared according to Rule .0541(c) and (d) and submitted to NCDEQ with the closure certification and shall include the following:
• Quality control testing results, including results of failed tests, a description of corrective
procedures in the case of failed testing, and results of retesting.

• As-built drawings noting any deviation from the approved engineering plans.
• A comprehensive narrative that includes daily reports from the QAE, color photographs of major features, and documentation of progress and troubleshooting meetings.
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2.7 RECORDATION In order to comply with NCAC Rule .0543(c)(8)(B), within 3 months after capping
activities are completed, the facility will record a notation on the deed to the facility property that
would notify a potential purchaser of the property that the land was used as a C&D facility and its use is restricted under the closure plan approved by the Division. The document will be recorded with Orange County and copies submitted to NCDEQ.
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3.0 POST-CLOSURE PLAN 3.1 POST-CLOSURE CONTACT
Agency: Orange County Person: Mr. Robert Williams, Solid Waste Management Director Address: P. O. Box 17177 Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516 Phone: [phone]
3.2 INSPECTION After the initial closure construction ceases, maintenance and care for the property will be
needed to provide the necessary erosion control and site upkeep. Monitoring activities will continue for a period of 30 years after closure of the landfill. Orange County will be responsible for routine monitoring of the closed facility. Such monitoring includes not only the ground and surface water monitoring but also periodic visual inspections to review the condition of the vegetative cover and grading. In addition, inspections will also be made to check for leachate
seeps or other problems. If major problems are identified that could affect the health or welfare of the adjacent property owners, NCDEQ will be contacted. However, for routine maintenance, the work required will be completed without notification to NCDEQ. An inspection program will be established that will inspect the vegetative cover, erosion
control measures, and other physical aspects of the site. Initially, these inspections will be made on a monthly basis, or more frequently as necessary by Orange County. For the remainder of the normal post closure period, the site will be inspected quarterly by the County. The County will keep a log of inspections and resulting maintenance work on file.
Post-closure maintenance will include a program of mowing of the grass cover as necessary. This will be done to improve the stand of grass being developed on the landfill cap. During the normal post-closure period, the site will be mowed as needed to maintain the grass cover. It is expected that the frequency of mowing will diminish as the cover becomes better
established.
In addition to the mowing operations, post-closure care activities will include a program of annual reseeding. In the fall of the year, the vegetative cover will be evaluated during a regular inspection. A plan for reseeding will be developed based on the needs of the site during that year.
The necessary seeding will be applied during the fall planting season.

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Two inspection forms have been prepared for use in the post-closure period. One form is for the first two-year post-closure period and the second form is for the remainder of post-closure inspection. The forms are included as Attachment 1 of this plan, Post Closure Inspection Report
Forms.
The following post-closure inspection and maintenance schedule is suggested for the site but could be modified as experience dictates:
1. Initial Two Years of Post-Closure
a. Monthly, a complete inspection of the site will be made by the County to include, but not be limited to, security control devices, erosion damage, cover settlement, subsidence and displacement, leachate seeps, vegetative
cover, run-on and run-off control measures, landfill gas probes, and
groundwater monitoring wells. Repairs shall be made as necessary. b. Annually, or more frequently if necessary, mow the site. Annually, reseed
areas as necessary.
2. After First Two Years of Closure a. Monthly, inspect the security gate, lock, fencing and other barriers.

b. Quarterly, a complete inspection of the site will be made by Orange County and repairs made as necessary. The inspection will include, but not be limited to, security control devices, erosion damage, cover settlement, subsidence and displacement, leachate seeps, vegetative cover,
run-on and runoff control measures, landfill gas probes, and groundwater
monitoring wells. c. Annually, or more frequently if necessary, mow the site. Fertilize, lime and reseed as necessary.

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 3.3.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring
A Groundwater Monitoring Plan is included as Attachment IV-E to the Operations Report. The plan represents the controlling document for obtaining and analyzing representative groundwater samples from the uppermost aquifer underlying the existing facility.

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The compliance well network is described in the water quality monitoring plan. Sampling and reporting must occur at least semi-annually. Analytical requirements, including a list of volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), are included in the water quality
monitoring plan. Water quality monitoring will continue through the post-closure period.
Maintenance of the groundwater monitoring system will include quarterly inspections. Signs of damage or contamination will be recorded. Minor damages will be repaired promptly. If a major damage or contamination is suspected, a professional
geologist will be retained to evaluate the condition of the monitoring well. If the well must
be replaced, the old well will be abandoned in accordance with the specifications contained in the water quality monitoring plan. New well construction will also be in accordance with the detail and specifications contained in the plan.
During monitoring and maintenance activities, the wells shall be inspected. The
inspection should review the well casing, the lock, the identification tag, the concrete pad surrounding the casing and any bollards that are installed to protect the well casing. Any deficiencies should be noted and brought to the attention of the landfill supervisor.
Corrective actions should be taken to repair any noted issues.
3.3.2 Landfill Gas Monitoring A series of landfill gas monitoring probes are located around the perimeter of the
landfill unit. These probes will be monitored during the active life of the landfill and
during the post-closure care period. A Gas Control Plan is included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report. During monitoring and maintenance activities, the probes shall be inspected. The
inspection should review the outer casing, the lock (if so equipped), the identification tag or
label, the concrete pad surrounding the casing and any bollards that are installed to protect the probe casing. Any deficiencies should be noted and brought to the attention of the landfill supervisor. Corrective actions should be taken to repair any noted issues.

3.4 MAINTENANCE Post-closure maintenance will consist of the following preventive and corrective maintenance activities:

3.4.1. Security Control Devices No waste is to remain exposed after closure. Locked gates and fencing will block the entrances. The remaining property boundaries have wooded buffers or other natural
obstructions. Orange County will be able to closely monitor the closed landfill through
routine inspections by Orange County personnel. If security does become a problem,
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additional fencing and/or other access preventing measures will be installed where
necessary.

3.4.2. Erosion Damage Control The landfill will be inspected at least quarterly, and after every major storm event for signs of erosion damage. Areas to be inspected will include the landfill slopes, diversion ditches, sediment basins, access roads, and culverts. Erosion gullies will be
filled, compacted, and reseeded. Ditches and culverts filled with sediment will be cleaned as needed. The sediment basin will be cleaned as required. Damage to berms, slope drains, or access roads will be repaired promptly. Additional erosion control measures will be installed if the proposed measures prove to be inadequate. Access roads/paths to monitoring locations must be of all-weather construction and maintained in good condition.

3.4.3. Correction of Settlement, Subsidence and Displacement The landfill cover will be inspected quarterly. It is not expected that major portions of the landfill will be subject to excessive settlement. However, if areas appear to have
settled to create ponding of stormwater, the cap will be repaired. Small areas of ponding will be filled with soil to promote positive drainage. The final surface will be seeded and mulched. The side slopes of the closed landfill will generally not exceed 28.6 percent (3.5:1). On the flatter top slopes, positive drainage will be maintained to reduce ponding of water on the fill. Erosion control matting will be placed, as needed, along the slopes of
the landfill to reduce erosion after final grading. The minimum top slope is to be 5 percent after construction. This minimum top slope will be maintained during the post-closure period. 3.4.4. Run-on and Runoff Control Structures Erosion and sediment control devices will be inspected at least quarterly, as discussed in 3.4.2. above. 3.4.5. Leachate Collection System The landfill does not have a leachate collection system. However, every landfill will experience leachate seeps at one time or another. During facility inspections, the landfill operator should observe the side slopes and note any areas where there is dead vegetation, excessively green vegetation, wet areas while the surrounding area is dry, the
presence of flies and other vectors, and areas where there is a leachate odor. The occurrence of one or any number of these issues, to name the most common, are indicators of a possible leachate seep. Seeps should be investigated and remediated appropriately.
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Remediation may require the landfill operator to excavate the area of the seep to determine why the leachate has migrated to the area of the seep. Addressing leachate seeps is typically best addressed by the operator that has been working in the landfill. The
operator will have knowledge of how the cell was constructed and what confining layer or
possible highly porous layer may have been placed that could be contributing to the leachate seeping in that area. Remedies may be as simple as adding additional soil to the outer slope to push the leachate back into the waste, or more complex such as excavating out waste in the area and penetrating through the layer contributing to the leachate moving
horizontally. Poking through that layer may facilitate the vertical movement of the leachate
to the waste mass below and may alleviate the side slope seeps. The operator should also inspect the slope and top areas above the seep to check for areas of settlement. Low areas that can trap runoff can contribute to the increase generation
of leachate, and removing such low spots may correct the problem, or prevent one from
happening in the future. 3.4.6. Landfill Gas Collection/Venting System
A landfill gas interception trench is located along the western perimeter of the waste disposal area. Section 2.1.6 above describes the background on the interception trench. The “Landfill Gas Remediation Plan” developed by Draper Aden Associates dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information, plans and
specifications for the interception trench. Landfill gas vents will be installed within the
waste mass at the time of closure, and if monitoring results determine that additional passive venting of gas from the waste is needed. Should the interception trench remain in use through the active life of the facility, collection/venting components will be inspected quarterly.

3.4.7. Groundwater Monitoring Wells Groundwater monitoring wells will be inspected quarterly. Signs of damage or contamination will be recorded. Minor damages will be repaired promptly. If major
damage or contamination is suspected, a professional geologist will be retained to evaluate
the condition of the monitoring well. If the well must be replaced, the old well will be abandoned in accordance with the specifications contained in the water quality monitoring plan. New well construction will be in accordance with the detail and specifications contained in the water quality monitoring plan.

3.5 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS This facility does not have a leachate collection system.

3.6 POST-CLOSURE CERTIFICATION
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Following completion of the post-closure care period, the facility will notify the Solid Waste Division of NCDEQ that a certification, signed by a registered professional engineer,
verifying that post-closure care has been completed in accordance with the post-closure plan, has
been placed in the operating record. 3.7 POST-CLOSURE USES
The site is planned for use as an open green space during and after the post-closure care period. This site will not be open or accessible to the public.
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4.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE CARE COST ESTIMATES 4.1 CLOSURE COSTS The closure cost estimate for the facility is included as Attachment 2 of this Plan, Closure and Post-Closure Cost Estimates. Closure costs were estimated for a third party to perform closure of the 7.7-acre Phase 1 area. The estimate covers Phase 1, and Phase 2 & 3 areas. The estimates will be revised when Phases 4 and 5 are constructed.
4.2 POST-CLOSURE CARE COSTS
The estimated post-closure cost for the facility is included as Attachment 2 of this Plan,
Closure and Post-Closure Cost Estimates. Post-closure costs were estimated for closure of the Phase 1 area. At that time, approximately 7.7 acres of the landfill will require post-closure activities. Post closure care costs assume a 30-year post-closure care period.

4.3 FINANCIAL ASSURANCE Orange County must provide financial assurance (FA) for the closure and post-closure care at this facility. Per N.C.G.S. 130A-295.2(h1), the County shall provide FA of at least one million
dollars ($1,000,000) in costs for potential assessment and corrective action (PACA) at the facility.
The County updates the FA annually as required by the State. The updated FA shall take into account the annual adjustment factor as determined by NCDEQ or shall be based upon an updated and approved cost estimate.
Closure and Post-Closure Care Costs have been prepared for this facility and are included in
Attachment 2 of this Plan, Closure and Post-Closure Cost Estimates. Orange County will provide the mechanism for financial assurance separate from this document.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment V-1

ATTACHMENT V-1
POST-CLOSURE INSPECTION REPORT FORMS

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment V-1

POST-CLOSURE INSPECTION CHECKLIST ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL FIRST TWO-YEAR POST-CLOSURE PERIOD

Date of Inspection _________________________________________________________________________ Inspector's Name _________________________________________________________________________
Monthly Inspections Category No. Inspection to be Conducted
Security 1 Is entrance gate and lock functioning properly Yes No Control 2 Is fencing maintained Yes No
Devices 3 Is access controlled by wooded areas where no fence exists Yes No Leachate 4 Are there signs of leachate seeps Yes No Control 5 Is there sign of erosion at the access roads Yes No
Erosion 6 Is there sign of erosion damage on the landfill cap Yes No Damage such as gullies or rills on the surface 7 Are ditches and channels collecting siltation Yes No
8 Is the sedimentation basin at capacity Yes No 9 Is the spillway cleaned, functional, and undamaged Yes No
(Note: Erosion damage to be inspected after every major storm event in addition to monthly inspections) Cover 10 Is there sign of settlement on the landfill Yes No Settlement 11 Is there evidence of slope failures on the landfill cap Yes No Vegetative 12 Are there areas of the cap needing vegetation Yes No Cover 13 Does the vegetation require mowing Yes No Condition 14 Does the vegetation appear healthy Yes No Run-on & 15 Surface water control features functional (is run on collected Yes No Runoff and run-off diverted from site)
Control 16 Surface water control features adequate for site Yes No 17 Is ponding of water on top of waste in evidence Yes No Monitoring 18 Are monitoring well locks missing or inoperable Yes No System 19 Are well outer casings damaged Yes No 20 Are well inner casings damaged Yes No
21 Are there signs of well contamination Yes No 22 Signs of settlement or damage to concrete apron Yes No
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment V-1

Comments: (Include item number from checklist where applicable)
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment V-1

POST-CLOSURE INSPECTION CHECKLIST ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL AFTER FIRST TWO YEAR POST-CLOSURE PERIOD

Date of Inspection _________________________________________________________________________ Inspector's Name ________________________________________________________________________
Monthly Inspections Category No. Inspection to be Conducted
Security 1 Is entrance gate and lock functioning properly Yes No Control 2 Is fencing maintained Yes No
Devices 3 Is access controlled by wooded areas where no fence exists Yes No Leachate 4 Are there signs of leachate seeps Yes No Control Quarterly Inspections (in addition to Monthly items) 5 Is there sign of erosion at the access roads Yes No Erosion 6 Is there sign of erosion damage on the landfill cap Yes No
Damage such as gullies or rills on the surface 7 Are ditches and channels collecting siltation Yes No 8 Is the sedimentation basin at capacity Yes No
9 Is the spillway cleaned, functional, and undamaged Yes No (Note: Erosion damage to be inspected after every major storm event in addition to quarterly inspections) Cover 10 Is there sign of settlement on the landfill Yes No Settlement 11 Is there evidence of slope failures on the landfill cap Yes No Vegetative 12 Are there areas of the cap needing vegetation Yes No Cover 13 Does the vegetation require mowing Yes No Condition 14 Does the vegetation appear healthy Yes No
Run-on & 15 Surface water control features functional (is run on collected Yes No Runoff and run-off diverted from site) Control 16 Surface water control features adequate for site Yes No 17 Is ponding on water on top of waste in evidence Yes No
Monitoring 18 Are monitoring well locks missing or inoperable Yes No System 19 Are well outer casings damaged Yes No
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment V-1

20 Are well inner casings damaged Yes No 21 Are there signs of well contamination Yes No 22 Signs of settlement or damage to concrete apron Yes No
Annual Inspections (in addition to Quarterly and Monthly items) Benchmarks 23 Have the benchmarks been damaged or struck Yes No 24 Is there sign of settlement around the benchmarks Yes No 25 Are the benchmarks readily accessible Yes No Comments: (Include item number from checklist where applicable) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan Revised May 28, 2019 Attachment V-2

ATTACHMENT V-2 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE CARE COST ESTIMATES
DAA #R00592-00
Summary Worksheet: CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE COSTS
Facility:Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Number:68-04
Facility Address:Eubanks Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Facility Owner:Orange County, North Carolina
Facility Representative:Mr. Robert Williams
Representative Completing Format:Draper Aden Associates, William G. Hase, P.E.
Draper Aden Associates, Gordon Dively, P.E.

Date Completed:Revised January 25,2019

Closure Costs:$1,278,701 See Worksheet 01
Post-Closure Care Costs:$1,429,543 See Worksheet 02
Corrective Action:$1,000,000 Per NCGS 130A-295.2(h1)
Totals:$3,708,243
Notes:
1. Closure costs are for Phase 1.
2. Phase 1 area is 7.7 acres.
3. Unit costs are in 2019 dollars.

Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate Revised January 25, 2019 2
I.Slope & Fill - Soil Below Cap Calculation or Conversion
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840 yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of soil needed for slope and fill 0 inches x 1yd/36in 0.00 yd
c.Quantity of soil needed a x b 0 yd3
d.Percentage of soil from off-site 0%
e.Purchase unit cost for off-site material /yd3
f.Percentage of soil from on-site (1 - d)100%
g.Excavation unit cost (on-site material)$4.78 /yd3
h.Total soil unit cost (d x e) + (f x g)$4.78 /yd3
i.Hauling, Placement and Spreading unit cost $1.26 /yd3
j.Compaction unit cost $0.32 /yd3
k.Total soil unit cost h + i + j $6.36 /yd3
l.Soil subtotal k x b $0
m.Percent compaction 15%
Total Slope & Fill Cost l x (1 + m)$0
II.Infiltration Barrier Layer Soil
Infiltration Soil Cost
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of infiltration soil needed 18 inches x 1yd/36in 0.50 yd
c.Quantity of infiltration soil needed a x b 18,634 yd3
d.Percentage of soil from off-site 100%
e.Purchase unit cost for off-site material $3.45 /yd3
f.Delivery unit cost $8.02 /yd3
g.Total infiltration cost to site d x e $11.47 /yd3
h.Placement and Spreading unit cost $1.26 /yd3
i.Compaction unit cost $2.05 /yd3
j.Total infiltration soil unit cost g + h + i $14.78 /yd3
k.Infiltration soil subtotal k x b $275,411
l.Percent compaction 25%N/A
m.Subtotal Infiltration Soil Cost l x (1 + m)$344,263
Soil Admixture Cost
o.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
p.Soil admixture unit cost $0.00 /yd2
q.Subtotal admixture cost a x b $0
Soil Testing
r.Area to be capped 7.7 acres
s.Testing unit cost $1,606.00 /acre
t.Subtotal soil testing cost a x b $12,366
Total Infiltration Soil Cost (soil, admixtures, and testing)n + q + t $356,629
Worksheet 01: FORMAT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CLOSURE COSTS

Soil Cap Components
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate Revised January 25, 2019 3
III.Erosion Control / Protective Cover Soil
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of soil needed 12 inches x 1yd/36in 0.33 yd
c.Quantity of soil needed a x b 12,423 yd3
d.Percentage of soil from off-site
e.Purchase unit cost for off-site material /yd3
f.Percentage of soil from on-site (1 - d)100%
g.Excavation unit cost (on-site material)$4.76 /yd3
h.Total erosion/protective soil unit cost (d x e) + (f x g)$4.76 /yd3
i.Hauling, Placement and Spreading unit cost $1.26 /yd3
j.Compaction unit cost $0.00 /yd3
k.Total soil unit cost h + i + j $6.02 /yd3
l.Erosion/Protective soil subtotal k x b $74,784
m.Percent compaction 15%N/A
Total Erosion Control/Protective Cover Soil Cost l x (1 + m)$86,002
IV.Vegetative support soil (Topsoil)
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of topsoil needed 6 inches x 1yd/36in 0.17 yd
c.Quantity of topsoil needed a x b 6,211 yd3
d.Percentage of topsoil from off-site 100%
e.Purchase and delivery unit cost for off-site $13.65 /yd3
f.Percentage of topsoil from on-site (1 - d)0%
g.Excavation unit cost (on-site material)/yd3
h.Total topsoil unit cost (d x e) + (f x g)$13.65 /yd3
i.Placement and Spreading unit cost $1.26 /yd3
j.Total soil unit cost h + i $14.91 /yd3k.Vegetative support soil (Topsoil) subtotal $92,610.98
l.Percent compaction 10%
Total Topsoil Cost k x (1 + l)$101,872
V.Vegetative Cover
a.Area to be vegetated 7.7 acres
b.Vegetative cover (seeding) unit cost $2,524 /acre
c.Erosion control matting unit cost $4,680 /acre
Total Vegetative Cover Cost a x (b + c)$55,471
VI.Flexible Membrane Liner Calculation or Conversion
a.Quantity of FML needed 0 acres x 43,560 ft2/ac 0 ft2
b.Purchase unit cost $0.34 /ft2
c.Installation unit cost $0.10 /ft2
d.Total FML unit cost b + c $0.44
Total FML cost a x d $0
VII.Geosynthetic Clay Liner
a.Quantity of GCL needed 0 acres x 43,560 ft2/ac 0 ft2
b.Purchase unit cost $0.60 /ft2
c.Installation unit cost $0.14 /ft2
d.Total GCL unit cost b + c $0.74 /ft2Total GCL Cost a x d $0
Geosynthetic Barrier & Infiltration Layers
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate Revised January 25, 2019 4
VIII.Sand or Gravel Drainage Calculation or Conversion
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of sand or gravel needed 0 inches x 1yd/36in 0.00 yd
c.Quantity of drainage material needed a x b 0 yd3
d.Percentage of media from off-site
e.Purchase unit cost for off-site material /yd3
f.Percentage of material from on-site (1 - d)100%
g.Excavation unit cost (on-site material)/yd3
h.Total drainage material unit cost (d x e) + (f x g)$0.00 /yd3
i.Hauling, Placement and Spreading unit cost /yd3
j.Compaction unit cost /yd3
k.Total drainage material unit cost h + i + j $0.00 /yd3
l.Drainage material subtotal k x b $0.00
m.Percent compaction
Total drainage material cost l x (1 + m)$0
IX.Geotextile
a.Quantity of geotextile needed 0 acres x 43,560ft2/ac 0 ft2
b.Purchase unit cost /ft2
c.Installation unit cost /ft2
d.Total geotextile unit cost b + c $0.00 /ft2Total Geotextile Cost a x d $0
X.Geocomposite Gas Collection Layer
a.Quantity of geonet composite needed 7.7 acres x 43,560ft2/ac 335,412 ft2
b.Purchase unit cost $0.41 /ft2
c.Installation unit cost $0.10 /ft2
d.Total geonet composite unit cost b + c $0.51 /ft2
Total Geonet Composite Cost a x d $171,060
XI.Toe Drain
a.Length of toe drain needed 2,918 LF
b.Purchase unit cost $0.44 /LF
c.Trenching and backfilling cost $5.37 /LF
d.Total toe drain unit cost b + c $5.81 /ft2
Total Toe Drain Cost a x d $16,954
XII.Drainage Channels (Stormwater Control)Drainage benches and berms
a.Total length of culvert piping 836 LF
b.culvert pipr unit cost $36.43 /LF
c.Subtotal drainage bench cost a x b $30,455
d.Size of drainage swale/berm needed 4,111 LF
e.Drainage swale/berm unit cost $14.20 /LF
f.Subtotal drainage swale/berm cost d x e $58,376
Drainage Components
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate Revised January 25, 2019 5
Rip Rap
g.Quantity of Rip Rap needed 30 yd2
h.Rip rap unit cost $80.04 /yd2
i.Total rip rap cost g x h $2,401
Slope Drains
m.Quantity of slope drain needed 1080 LF
n.Slope Drain unit cost $20.78 /LF
o.Slope drain cost m x n $22,442Total Stormwater Control Cost c + f + i + l + o $113,675
XIII.Landfill Gas Monitoring & Control Components CalculationLandfill Perimeter System
a.Number of probes to be installed 0 probes
b.LFG probe unit cost /probe
c.Subtotal LFG probe cost a x b $0
Landfill Control Systems
d.Area to be closed 7.7 acres
e.Average number of vents per acre 1 vents / acre
f.Number of vents required 8 each
g.LFG vent unit cost $3,442 /vent
h.Subtotal LFG vent cost f x g $27,536.00
i.Length of header pipe needed - LF
j.Header pipe unit cost /LF
k.Header pipe installation cost /LF
l.Subtotal LFG active vent hook-up h x (i + j)$0
Total Landfill Gas Management Cost c + g + k $27,536
XIV.Groundwater Monitoring Components
a.Hydrogeologic study cost $0
b.Number of wells to be installed 0 wells
c.GW Monitoring Well unit cost /well
d.Number of wells > 50 ft length wells
e.Additional well length over 50 ft LF/well
f.Unit cost for additional well length /LF
Total Groundwater Monitoring Well Cost a + (b x c) + (d x e x f)$0
XV.Calculation
a.Quantity of stockpiled materials - yd3
b.Loading and Hauling unit cost /yd3
c.Disposal unit cost /yd3
d.Total Removal/Disposal Cost a x (b + c)$0
Miscellaneous
Removal and Disposal of Stockpiled Material
Landfill Gas and Groundwater Features
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate Revised January 25, 2019 6
XVI.Erosion/Sediment Control
a.Quantity of silt fence needed 5,000 LF
b.Silt Fence unit cost $2.46 /LF
Total Silt Fence Cost a x b $12,300
XVII.Landfill Access Road
a.Size of LF access road - yd2
b.Depth of gravel needed 6 inches x 1yd/36in 0.2 yd
c.Depth of asphalt needed 0 inches x 1yd/36in 0.0 yd
d.Total material needed a x (b + c)0 yd3
e.Road material unit cost $21.45 /yd3
f.Placement/Spreading unit cost $37.53 /yd3
Total access road cost c x (d + e)$0
XVIII.Site Security
Fencing
a.Length of fencing needed - ft
b.Fence unit cost /ft
c.Subtotal fencing cost a x b $0
Gate or Barrier
d.Number of gates required -
e.Gate unit cost /gate
f.Subtotal gate cost d x e $0
Closed Sign
g.Number of signs required 1
h.Sign unit cost $695 /sign
i.Subtotal sign cost g x h $350
Total site security cost c + f + i $350
XIX.Mobilization / Demobilization
a.Cost for mobilization/demobilization $47,092 5%, incl. stakeout survey
Total mobilization/demobilization cost $47,092
Closure Cost Subtotal (CCS):(I + … + XIX)$988,942
Contingency (10%): CCS x 0.10 $98,894
Engineering & Documentation:
a.No. of acres to be capped 7.7 acres
b.Engineering and Construction QA/QC $20,050 /acre a x b $154,385
c.Closure Certification and CQA Report $1,130 /acre a x c $8,701
d.Survey and as-builts (2%)$3,218 /acre a x d $24,779
e.Cost for survey plat and deed notation $3,000
Total Engineering & Documentation Costs $190,865

Total Closure Cost (2019 Dollars):CCS + Contingency + Engineering $1,278,701
POST-CLOSURE ESTIMATE
PERMIT 68-04 - ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C-D LANDFILLORANGE COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT
REVISED JANUARY 25, 2019
Orange County C-D Landfill Post Closure Costs 7
I.Groundwater Monitoring Calculation or Conversion
a.Total number of monitoring wells 8 wells
b.Total number of sampling events/year 2 events/yr a x b 16 samples/yr
c.Quantity of additional samples (e.g. QA/QC)2 samples/event a x c 4 samples/yr
d.Total samples per year b + c 20 samples/yr
e.Analysis unit cost (Appendix I constituents)$280.00 /sample
f.Total Analysis cost d x e $5,600 /yr
g.GW Monitoring unit cost $720.00 /event b x g $1,440
i.Total sampling cost f + g $7,040 /yr
j.Engineering fees & reports $8,825 /yr
Yearly Groundwater Monitoring Cost i + j $15,865 /yr
II.Landfill Gas Monitoring, Maintenance, and Control
a.Frequency of LFG compliance monitoring 4 events/yr
b.LFG Monitoring unit cost $1,435.00 /event
c.Total perimeter LFG monitoring cost a x b $5,740 /yr
d.Frequency of surface monitoring (air permit)0 events/yr
e.Surface monitoring unit cost $0.00 /event
f.Total surface monitoring cost d x e $0 /yr
g.Control system operating unit cost $0 /yr
h.Frequency of LFG control system inspections 0 events/yr
i.Control system inspection cost $0.00 /event
j.Total control system cost g + (h x i)$0 /yr
Yearly Landfill Gas Monitoring, Maintenance, & Control Cost c + f + j $5,740 /yr
III.Leachate Management
a.Quantity of leachate generated 438,000 gal/yr
On-site Leachate Management or Pre-Treatment
b.On-site treatment operating unit cost $0.00 /gal
c.Total on-site management cost a x b $0 /yr
Leachate Disposal
d.Private disposal unit cost $0.00 /gal
e.POTW disposal unit cost /gal
f.Direct discharge to POTW unit cost $0.0068 /gal
g.Pump & Haul unit cost $0.00 /gal
h.Subtotal leachate disposal unit cost d + e + f + g $0.0068i.Total leachate disposal cost a x h $2,978 /yr
j.Leachate sampling & analysis unit cost $0.00 /sample
k.Frequency of leachate sampling & analysis 0 sample/yr
l.Total leachate sampling & analysis cost j x k $0.00 /yr
Yearly Leachate Management Cost c + i + l $2,978 /yr
IV.Cap Maintenance & Repair
a.Closed Landfill Area 7.7 acres
Mowing & Fertilization
b.Mowing frequency 2 visits/yr
c.Mowing unit cost $95.00 /acre/visit
d.Total mowing cost a x b x c $1,463 /yr
e.Fertilizer frequency 1 visits/yr
f.Fertilizer unit cost $50.25 /acre/visit
g.Total fertilizer cost a x e x f $387 /yr
Worksheet 02: FORMAT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF POST-CLOSURE COSTS

POST-CLOSURE ESTIMATE
PERMIT 68-04 - ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C-D LANDFILLORANGE COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT
REVISED JANUARY 25, 2019
Orange County C-D Landfill Post Closure Costs 8
Cap Erosion & Repair
h.Area to reseed/year 33% x a 2.6 acres
i.Reseeding unit cost $1,235.00 /acre
j.Total reseeding cost h x i $3,169.83 /yrk.Area of cap erosion/year 15% x a 1.2 acres
l.Cap erosion repair unit cost $320.00 /acre
m Mobilization/Demobilization $565.00 /yr
n.Total cap erosion repair cost (k x l) + m $935 /yr
Yearly Cap Maintenance & Repair cost d + g + j + n $5,954 /yr
V.Sediment Basin Maintenance & Repair
a.Sediment basin cleanout frequency, 1 per 3 years 1 / a 0.33 event/yr
b.Sediment basin cleanout unit cost $10,775 /event
c.Mobilization/Demobilization $0 /event
d.Total sediment basin maintenance cost a x (b + c)$3,592 /yr
e.Total number of stormwater sampling locations 2 locations
f.Stormwater sampling frequency 2 events/yr
g.Total number of stormwater samples e x f 4 samples/yr
h.Analysis unit cost (permit parameters)$280 /sample
i.Total Analysis cost g x h $1,120 /yr
j.Mobilization unit cost $0.00 /event
k.Technician field unit cost $565.00 /event
l.Total sampling cost f x (j + k)$1,130.00 /yr
m Engineering fees & reports $1,235 /yr
n.Total Stormwater Sampling & Analysis cost f + i + j $3,485 /yr
Yearly Sediment Basin Maintenance & Repair d + n $7,077 /yr
VI.Vector & Rodent Control
a.Vector and rodent control unit cost $530 /yr
Yearly Vector and Rodent Control Cost a $530 /yr
VII.Post-Closure Care General Inspections & Repair
a.General Inspection unit cost $1,540 /inspection
b.Number of inspections per year 1
c.Yearly General Inspection Cost a x b $1,540 /yr
d.Closed Landfill Area 7.7 acres
e.General maintenance costs not captured $1,000.00 /acre
f.Yearly General Maintenance Cost d x e $7,700 /yr
Yearly General Maintenance and Repair Costs c + f $9,240 /yr
Annual Post-Closure Care Cost (APCC)I + … + VII $47,384 /yr
Length of post-closure care (LPCC)30 years
Post-Closure Care Cost APCC x LPCC $1,421,533
Engineering & Documentation Engineering Sum $8,010
Post-Closure Care Evaluation $5,340
Post-Closure Care Certification $2,670
Cost for survey and deed notation
(if not completed at time of landfill closure)
Total Post-Closure Care Cost (2017 Dollars)Post-Closure Cost + Engineering + FA Maintenance $1,429,543
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan Revised February 16, 2012 Attachment V-3

ATTACHMENT V-3 SLUG TEST DATA OF ON-SITE SOILS
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan February 16, 2012 Attachment V-4

ATTACHMENT V-4 SLIP CIRCLE ANALYSIS
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan May 28, 2019 Attachment V-5

ATTACHMENT V-5
Landfill Gas Remediation Plan
2009

Orange County
Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Gas Remediation Plan
Permit No. 68-04

December 16, 2009
DAA Project No. R00592-77

Blacksburg  Charlottesville  Hampton Roads  Richmond, Virginia
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Gas Remediation Plan
December 16, 2009

Table of Contents - i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 GENERAL COMMENTS ...................................................................................................1
1.1 Purpose of the Landfill Gas Remediation Plan ........................................................1
1.2 Background Information ..........................................................................................1
1.2.1 Facility Information .....................................................................................1
1.2.2 Regional Physical Setting ............................................................................2
1.2.3 Regional Hydrogeologic Setting ..................................................................3
1.3 Compliance Network and History ............................................................................3
1.3.1 Landfill Gas Compliance Network ..............................................................3
1.3.2 Landfill Probe Construction .........................................................................4
1.3.3 Landfill Gas Probe Monitoring Results .......................................................5
1.3.4 Landfill Gas Migration Study Results..........................................................5
1.3.5 Potential Risks .............................................................................................6

2.0 PROPOSED ACTIONS .......................................................................................................7
2.1 General .....................................................................................................................7
2.2 Initial Monitoring .....................................................................................................7
2.3 Phase 1 .....................................................................................................................7
2.4 Phase 2 .....................................................................................................................8
2.4.1 Phase 2A – Extension of the Western Interception Trench .........................8
2.4.2 Phase 2B – Installation of the Northern Interception Trench .......................8
2.4.3 Phase 2C – Active Collection System for Western Interception Trench .....8
2.5 Implementation Schedule .........................................................................................9

3.0 SITE LAYOUT ..................................................................................................................10
3.1 Landfill Gas Probe/Trench Location ......................................................................10
3.2 Interception Trench and Associated Vents ............................................................10

4.0 ANCILLARY ITEMS ........................................................................................................11
4.1 Operations and Maintenance ..................................................................................11
4.2 Construction Quality Control .................................................................................11
4.3 Remediation Period ................................................................................................11

5.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................12

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Gas Remediation Plan
December 16, 2009

Table of Contents - ii

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Landfill Gas Remediation and Monitoring Plans and Figure 1
Appendix 2 Probe Completion Logs and Slug Test Data
Appendix 3 Technical Specifications

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Gas Remediation Plan
December 16, 2009

Page 1
1.0 GENERAL COMMENTS

1.1 Purpose of the Landfill Gas Remediation Plan

In accordance with 15A.NCAC 13B .0544 (d)(3)(C), the following Landfill Gas
Remediation Plan provides an explanation and addresses the remediation of subsurface
landfill gas migration at the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill. Evidence of
migration is present along the western boundary and in the vicinity of GP-CD13 on the
northeastern boundary of the C&D landfill. As the following discussion will indicate,
landfill gas migration was detected in the vicinity of existing gas monitoring probes GP-
CD4 through GP-CD8, and GP-CD 13. Methane concentrations in GP-CD4 through GP-
CD8 and GP-CD13 have exceeded the compliance limit. This remediation plan outlines
the activities proposed by Orange County to bring the Eubanks Road C&D Landfill into
compliance.

1.2 Background Information

1.2.1 Facility Information

The Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit No. 68-04, is located
approximately 5 miles north of Chapel Hill on Eubanks Road. The landfill is
owned by Orange County.

A permit to operate Phase 1 of the facility was issued on December 14, 2005 by the
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
Conceptual plans for the landfill indicate three phases. Phase 1 covers
approximately 7.7 acres. Phase 2 is a projected future phase, approximately 4.6
acres in size. Phase 3 will be a vertical extension of Phases 1 and 2.

Prior to permitting the landfill, the County entered into an agreement with Duke
University establishing a legal easement of a 200-foot buffer from the northern
and western County property lines. The Deed of Easement with Warranty of
Ownership was included in the approved Construction Plan Application for the
C&D landfill. In Section II of the Easement, Reserved Uses and Restricted
Activities, Item E includes the statement “There shall be no grading, filling,
excavation, mining or drilling: no removal of top soil, sand, gravel, rock, peat,
minerals, or other materials; provided, however, wells prescribed by the Solid
Waste Section for monitoring of the County landfill shall be permitted within the
boundaries of the Easement Property.”

The landfill gas probes that are included in the proposed compliance network are
shown on Sheet 1 in Appendix 1. Also shown on Sheet 1 are landfill gas probes
that are not part of the compliance network. Landfill gas monitoring probes GP-
CD1 through GP-CD13 were installed on January 26 and 27, 2009 within the
landfill property boundary as shown on Sheet 1 in Appendix 1. Due to
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compliance limit exceedances for methane in GP-CD4 through GP-CD8,
replacement probes GP-CD4R through GP-CD8R were installed in mid-March
2009, also within the landfill property. To further delineate the extent of the gas
migration, probes GP-CD14 through GP-CD17 were installed in April 2009
within the Duke Easement. Probe GP-CD18 was also installed in April 2009
within the landfill property boundary in order to delineate gas migration between
GP-CD5R and the nearest residence, located across Eubanks Road. In October
2009, probes GP-CD13R and GP-CD19 were installed within the landfill property
boundary.

1.2.2 Regional Physical Setting

General physical conditions that characterize the landfill and surrounding areas
are summarized in this section. Such conditions include physiography, geologic
setting, hydrogeologic setting, and larger scale hydrogeologic influences.

1.2.2.1 Regional Physiographic Setting

The landfill is located in Region J of the North Carolina Geological
Survey, which is located in the eastern portion of the Piedmont geologic
province. Region J is comprised of six counties: Durham, Orange, Wake,
Johnston, Chatham, Lee. The far eastern portion of Region J extends onto
the Coastal Plain geologic province.

1.2.2.2 Regional Soil Series

Soils in Region J are typically dominated by three associations:

Georgeville-Herndon Association, which are well-drained, silty
soils.
Lignum-Iredell-Herndon Association, which are well-drained to
moderately well-drained, primarily clayey subsoils with loamy
surface soils.
Helena-Appling Association, which are well-drained to moderately
well-drained, clayey soils.

1.2.2.3 Regional Geologic Setting

Most of Orange County, including the subject landfill area, is located
within the Carolina Slate Belt, which is a large scale geologic terrain
comprised of metavolcanic, metasedimentary and plutonic rock.
Structurally, the terrain is characterized by relatively open to tightly
closed, northeast-trending folds. Faults are common. To the east, the
Slate Belt is bounded by sedimentary rocks of Triassic age, which outcrop
in the extreme southeastern corner of Orange County.
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The Geologic Map of Orange County, North Carolina indicates that the
landfill area is immediately underlain by volcaniclastic epiclastic rocks
(possibly Paleozoic in age; labeled as Unit III) and dacitic to rhyolitic
rocks (possibly Paleozoic in age; labeled as Unit IV). The closest intrusive
body (igneous: granite) is approximately one-half mile to the south. The
nearest dike (probably Triassic in age, basalt or diabase) is located to the
east, approximately 3.5 miles from the landfill.

1.2.3 Regional Hydrogeologic Setting

1.2.3.1 Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity

Joyce Engineering, Inc. personnel previously conducted slug tests on
piezometers and groundwater monitoring wells. The test results found that
the conductivities of several piezometers screened within bedrock at the
landfill ranged from 1.89 x 10-4 m/sec (PZ-208) to 9.27 x 10-6 m/sec
(MW-210). An excerpt from the Joyce Engineering, Inc. slug test data can
be found in Appendix 2.

1.2.3.2 Groundwater Flow Rate and Direction

A groundwater flow rate study was performed for the adjacent MSW
landfill. The closed MSW landfill is located northeast of the C&D
landfill, while the active portion of the MSW landfill is southeast of the
C&D landfill. Using historic static water elevation (SWE) data, the
average seepage velocity values were calculated for several flow paths.
Groundwater flow has ranged from 3 meters per year to 21 meters per
year.

In addition, it was found that the groundwater flows generally from west to
east beneath the landfill property.

1.3 Compliance Network and History

1.3.1 Landfill Gas Compliance Network

The following probes make up the current compliance network: GP-CD1 through
GP-CD13.

The proposed compliance network will consist of the following:

GP-CD1 GP-CD9
GP-CD2 GP-CD10
GP-CD3 GP-CD11
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GP-CD4R GP-CD12
GP-CD6R GP-CD13R2
GP-CD7R GP-CD18
GP-CD8R GP-CD19

Refer to Sheet 1 in Appendix 1 for a site plan which shows all probes that are part
of the compliance network.

1.3.2 Landfill Probe Construction

Logs of the construction of gas probes are contained in Appendix 2. The depths
of the gas probes range from 10 feet to 20 feet, depending on their location.
These probes were installed on January 26 and 27, 2009.

A few of the gas monitoring probes (GP-CD1, GP-CD4, and GP-CD13) contain
multiple probes within the same borehole. The shallow probe, designated “S”,
extends from original ground to a maximum of 10 feet. The deep probe,
designated “D”, extends from the lowest depth of the shallow probe
(approximately 10 feet below original ground) to the lowest monitoring point (a
maximum of 20 feet).

The following table shows the depth, surface elevation and bottom elevation of
existing probes. Where surface elevation and bottom elevation is not available,
„N/A‟ is specified. The lowest point of the landfill base grade is approximately
528 feet.

Probe Number Depth
(feet)
Surface Elevation
(feet)
Bottom Elevation
(feet)
CD1 20 546.49 526.49
CD2 10 540.41 530.41
CD3 10 536.73 526.73
CD4 18 537.33 519.33
CD4R 15 N/A N/A
CD5 10 539.37 529.37
CD5R 15 N/A N/A
CD6 10 540.58 530.58
CD6R 10 N/A N/A
CD7 10 539.82 529.82
CD7R 10 N/A N/A
CD8 10 537.29 527.39
CD8R 10 N/A N/A
CD9 10 535.22 525.22
CD10 10 532.14 522.14
CD11 10 527.72 517.72
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CD12 10 524.32 514.32
CD13 15 525.53 510.53
CD13R 2 N/A N/A
CD13R2 4 N/A N/A
CD19 25 540.08 515.08

1.3.3 Landfill Gas Probe Monitoring Results

Methane limits above the lower explosive limit (LEL) have been detected in
probes GP-CD4, through GP-CD8, and GP-CD13. In order to monitor the
potential extent of the gas migration, replacement probes GP-CD4R (R =
replacement) through GP-CD8R were installed on March 24 and 25, 2009 along
the southern and western property boundaries. During the initial monitoring event
for these probes, methane was detected in probes GP-CD6R and GP-CD8R with
GP-CD5R exceeding the LEL. As described in Section 1.3.4 below, subsequent
monitoring events have resulted in exceedances that occur in varying patterns
throughout the monitoring network.

1.3.4 Landfill Gas Migration Study Results

In response to the continued methane exceedances, Probes GP-CD14 through GP-
CD18 were installed on April 23, 2009 within the Duke Easement around the
northwestern, western and southwestern property lines. These delineation probes
have shown minimal methane detects indicating the methane is not migrating past
the Duke Easement.

Monitoring in GP-CD4R has not indicated the presence of landfill gas.
Monitoring in GP-CD5RS (S = shallow) indicates the presence of methane. As a
result, Probe GP-CD18 was installed between probe GP-CD5R and the property
boundary. Methane concentrations of 0.1 percent have been detected, but these
low readings may be contributed to equipment calibration error. Monitoring
results indicate that landfill gas is not migrating beyond the facility boundary on
the south side of the landfill.

Monitoring of probes GP-CD7, GP-CD7R, GP-CD8, GP-CD8R has shown
methane concentrations greater than the LEL, indicating that landfill gas is
migrating beyond the facility property boundary on the western edge of the
landfill. Monitoring of probes GP-CD11 and GP-CD12 has shown methane
concentrations less than the LEL, indicating that methane migration along the
northern side of the landfill is limited to the northeast corner, where GP-CD13D
has exhibited methane levels in excess of the LEL. Methane concentrations of 0.1
percent have been detected within the delineation probes located within the Duke
Easement. These marginal readings are likely a result of equipment calibration
error.

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1.3.5 Potential Risks

Figure 1 in Appendix 1 illustrates the adjacent property usage and includes a line
drawn 1,000 feet from the edge of the waste. Usually property outside of this
zone is not considered to be at risk for impact from landfill gas migration. The
northern and western sides border the Duke University forest. The Orange County
MSW landfill borders the C&D landfill on the eastern side. Eubanks Road is
located on the southern boundary.

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2.0 PROPOSED ACTIONS

2.1 General

This section contains the actions that are recommended under this remediation plan. The
plan includes two phases of remediation. Phase 2 would only be implemented if Phase 1
failed to remediate the problem. The two phases are as follows:

Phase Description Schedule
1 Western interception trench Currently proposed; based on
current monitoring results
2 Extension of western interception
trench; installation of northern
interception trench; active gas collection
at western interception trench
As necessary; contingent
upon results of proposed
initial monitoring

A six-month initial monitoring period will be implemented in order to evaluate the
success of Phase 1 and to better evaluate landfill gas migration at the northern and
western property boundaries.
2.2 Initial Monitoring

Initial monitoring will be performed twice a month for six months. The table below
summarizes the gas probes that will require additional monitoring, as well as the resultant
remediation required should a probe exceed the compliance level after the six-month
monitoring period. If a significant decrease in the methane levels within a group of
probes occurs but the probes remains out of compliance, Initial Monitoring may be
continued without implementation of Phase 2 remediation upon DENR approval and a
new schedule established:

Initial Monitoring
Landfill Gas Probe Remediation Action Required
upon Exceedance
GP-CD-4R, GP-CD-18 & GP-CD-19 Phase 2A
GP-CD-13R2 Phase 2B

2.3 Phase 1

An interception trench will be constructed along the western property line as shown on
Sheet 1 in Appendix 1. This trench will extend to bedrock or groundwater whichever is
encountered first. This depth is approximately 20 feet based on construction logs for
groundwater monitoring wells along the western property line. The trench will be lined
with a geosynthetic membrane on the side opposite the landfill to prevent gas migration
to the property boundary. A gas collection pipe connected to vertical passive vents
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topped by wind turbines will provide a conduit for the landfill gas to escape. A cross
section and profile of the interception trench is shown on Sheet 2 in Appendix 1.

Gas probes GP-CD6R, GP-CD7R, and GP-CD8R will be monitored twice a month for
six months. If, after six months, methane concentrations in GP-CD6R, GP-CD7R, and
GP-CD8R have decreased below the compliance level, no further remediation is required.
If a significant decrease in the methane levels within GP-CD6R, GP-CD7R, and GP-
CD8R is noted, but the probes remains out of compliance, monitoring may be continued
with DENR approval and a new schedule established. Should the probes continue to
exceed compliance levels for methane, Phase 2 will be implemented.

2.4 Phase 2

2.4.1 Phase 2A – Extension of the Western Interception Trench

Phase 2A involves the extension of the western interception trench along the
southern boundary of the landfill. This extension will be located between the
landfill and the compliance probes. Refer to Sheet 2 in Appendix 1 for a typical
cross section of the interception trench. The exact location and profile of the
trench extension shall be developed when deemed necessary.

Following construction of the interception trench extension, probe GP-CD19 will
be monitored twice a month for six months. If, after six months, methane
concentration in both GP-CD18 and GP-CD19 have decreased below the
compliance level, no further remediation will be required. If a significant
decrease in the methane levels within GP-CD18 and GP-CD-19 is noted, but
either of the probes remain out of compliance, Phase 2A monitoring may be
continued with DENR approval and a new schedule established.

Should the trench extension fail to bring the methane level in the probes to below
the compliance levels, a gas header line will be attached to the risers. This gas
header line will be connected to a blower to actively extract gas from the trench.

2.4.2 Phase 2B – Installation of the Northern Interception Trench

If gas probe GP-CD13R2 exceeds the compliance level for methane, the
installation of an additional gas interception trench will be implemented. This
interception trench will be located at the toe of the access road fill near GP-CD13.
Refer to Sheet 2 in Appendix 1 for a typical cross-section of the interception
trench. The exact location and profile of the trench shall be developed when
deemed necessary.

2.4.3 Phase 2C – Active Collection System for Western Interception Trench

If methane concentrations in gas probes GP-CD6R, GP-CD7R, and GP-CD8R
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continue to exceed compliance levels, a gas header line will be attached to the
riser pipes. This gas header line will be connected to a blower to actively extract
gas from the trench.

2.5 Implementation Schedule

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD MONITORING
EVALUATION
Initial
Monitoring
Evaluation of
migration prior to
remediation
Completed - week of 10/26/09

Monitor 4R, 13R2, 18
& 19 twice a month for
6 months.
If exceedances are still
present, implement
Phase 2A or 2B.
PHASE 1 West Interception
Trench Installation
Project to bid – 30 days after
approval of gas remediation
plan
Construction of trench – 60
days after bid award
Certification – 30 days after
completion of construction
Monitor 6R through 8R
twice a month for 6
months.
If exceedances are still
present, implement
Phase 2C.
PHASE 2
A Extension of West
Interception Trench
Project to bid – 60 days after
notice to DENR of need
Construction of trench – 60
days after bid award
Certification – 30 days after
completion of construction
Monitor 18 19 twice a
month for 6 months.
If exceedances are still
present, implement
active gas extraction.
B North Interception
Trench Installation
Project to bid – 60 days after
notice to DENR of need
Construction of trench – 60
days after bid award
Certification – 30 days after
completion of construction
Monitor 13R2 twice a
month for 6 months.
If exceedances are still
present, implement
active gas extraction.
C West Interception
Trench Active
Collection System
Installation
Project to bid – 60 days after
notice to DENR of need
Construction of trench – 60
days after bid award
DENR certification – 30 days
after completion of
construction
Monitor 6R - 8R twice
a month for 6 months.
If exceedances are still
present, implement
active gas extraction.

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3.0 SITE LAYOUT

3.1 Landfill Gas Probe/Trench Location

Sheet 1 in Appendix 1 illustrates the existing site conditions relative to property
boundary, fill area, gas probe (both existing and proposed) and proposed gas interception
trench locations.

3.2 Interception Trench and Associated Vents

The interception trench will consist of a 2-foot wide gravel-filled trench with a 30-mil
LLDPE or 30-mil PVC geosynthetic membrane lining the side opposite the landfill. The
geosynthetic membrane shall be overlapped by 6 inches and shall extend over the entire
top of the trench after all gravel is placed in the trench. There will be a perforated
horizontal gas collection pipe with vertical passive vents spaced every 100 feet. Pipe
perforations will be arranged in sets of 3/8-inch holes with 4 holes at 6 inch spacing.
Slotted pipe (0.010 inches) may be used in lieu of perforations.

The passive landfill gas vents will consist of six (6) inch Schedule 80 PVC pipe topped
by a stainless steel wind turbine or by a 6” PVC turndown. The trench will be extended
to groundwater elevation, approximately 20 feet below ground surface. This depth shall
be verified in the field during construction. The riser pipe will be perforated with
perforations beginning at approximately two feet below grade. Pipe perforations will be
arranged in sets of 3/8-inch holes with 4 holes at 5 to 6 inch spacing. Slotted pipe (0.010
inches) may be used in lieu of perforations. Vents will extend at least six feet above
grade. The trench will be backfilled with NCDOT No. 57 aggregate to within a minimum
of one foot of the existing grade; the aggregate backfill will act as a filter pack for the
landfill gas vent. The remaining foot of the trench depth will be backfilled with
compacted soil. Refer to the trench detail on Sheet 2 of Appendix 1.

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4.0 ANCILLARY ITEMS

4.1 Operations and Maintenance

Landfill gas probes and trench vents will be inspected quarterly. Damage will be
promptly repaired. Sampling tubes within the gas probes will also be inspected. If the
tubes are broken, the probe will be replaced. Caps and pads around gas probes will be
inspected and repaired, or replaced, as needed.

4.2 Construction Quality Control

The previously referenced Sheets and details present the plans for the landfill gas control
systems. During the installation of the landfill gas monitoring or control systems at the
landfill, the County or Engineering Consultant will provide inspection of the construction
activities and will submit a certification report to DENR.

4.3 Remediation Period

Landfill gas management will continue throughout the active life of the facility and the
closure and post-closure care periods, or until the facility receives written authorization
from the DENR to discontinue.

Authorization to cease landfill gas monitoring and control will be based on a
demonstration by the facility that no potential for landfill gas migration exists beyond the
property boundary or into facility structures.

During the closure and post-closure maintenance period, landfill gas monitoring and
control systems may be modified to reflect the changing on-site and adjacent land uses.
Post-closure landfill use at the site will not interfere with the function of gas monitoring
and control systems.

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5.0 REFERENCES

Draper Aden Associates. January 1997. Permit Renewal – Design Hydrogeologic Report:
Orange County Regional Sanitary Landfill – Expansion. Draper Aden Associates Project No.
6216-21.

Draper Aden Associates. May 1997, Revised August, 1998. Permit Renewal – Engineering
Plan: Orange County Landfill. Draper Aden Associates Project No. 6216-22.

Draper Aden Associates. Revised November 3005. Permit Renewal – Facility Plan: Orange
County Landfill. Draper Aden Associates Project No. R00592-32.

Draper Aden Associates. February 2009. Well Completion Report: Gas Probes GP-CD1 Thru
GP-CD13 for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&DLF. Draper Aden Associates Project No.
R00592-70.

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Appendix 1

APPENDIX 1

LANDFILL GAS REMEDIATION PLANS AND FIGURE 1

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Appendix 2

APPENDIX 2

PROBE COMPLETION LOGS
AND SLUG TEST DATA

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Appendix 3

APPENDIX 3

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Section 02223 Landfill Gas Interception/Venting Trench
Section 13306 LLDPE Geomembrane
Section 13316 PVC Geomembrane

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Appendix 3
Section 02223
SECTION 02223

LANDFILL GAS INTERCEPTION/VENTING TRENCH

Part 1 General

1.01. Requirements Included

Furnish labor, materials, tools, equipment, and incidentals required to perform trench
excavation and backfill operations necessary to achieve the specified grades and
elevations.

1.02. Related Requirements

Section 13306 LLDPE
Section 13316 PVC Geomembrane

1.03. References

Reference specifications where applicable to work under this section are referred to by
abbreviation as follows:

American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AASHTO
North Carolina Department of Transportation NCDOT
Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Standards - Excavations; Final Rule
29 CFR Part 1926

Part 2 Products

2.01. Membrane

Refer to Sections 13306 and 13316

2.02. Aggregate Backfill

NCDOT #57 stone or approved equivalent.

2.03. Pipe

A. Schedule 80 PVC pipe conforming to ASTM D1785. Pipe joints shall be solvent
welded. Pipe shall be perforated as shown on the Contract Drawings.
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Appendix 3
Section 02223

B. Pipe within the trench shall be perforated with 3/8-inch holes, 4 rows evenly spaced
along length of pipe at 6 inches on center. Slotted pipe may be used in lieu of
perforations. Slots shall be two rows of rectangular slots having a width of 0.1
inches, spaced 0.5 inches apart, and having a length of 3 inches

C. Vent risers shall be non perforated pipe. Risers shall extend a minimum of six feet
above ground surface.

2.04. Soil Backfill

Backfill with clean soil free from wood, trash, stone, broken concrete, rubble, frozen matter,
or other similar material.

2.05. Wind Turbine

Wind turbines may be installed in lieu of PVC turndowns on one or more of the passive
landfill gas vents to increase interception and venting of landfill gas migration.

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Classification of Excavated Materials

Excavated materials shall be unclassified.

3.02. Stockpiling Excavated Material

Excavated material shall be stockpiled in a manner that will not endanger the work. Topsoil
shall be stockpiled separately for replacement at the top of the backfill trench.

3.03. Sheeting and Shoring

Sheeting and shoring shall be furnished as necessary to construct and protect the excavation,
existing utilities, structures, and as necessary for the safety of the employees.

3.04. Dewatering

Where conditions are such that running or standing water occurs in the trench bottom or the
soil in the trench bottom displays a "quick" tendency, the water should be removed until the
pipe has been installed and the backfill has been placed to a sufficient height to control pipe
flotation.

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Appendix 3
Section 02223
3.05. Excavation for Trenches

Excavation for trenches shall conform to the lines and grades shown on the approved
drawings. Excavated material shall be removed and used for backfilling where suitable.
Trenches shall be excavated to competent bedrock, to groundwater level, or to the depth
indicated, whichever is encountered first.

3.06. Trench Width

Trench width at the ground surface may vary with and depend upon depth, type of soils, and
position of surface structures. The minimum clear width of the trench, sheeted or
unsheeted, shall be two feet.

3.07. Membrane

Membrane shall be installed in the excavated trench prior to backfill. The membrane shall
be installed on the side of the trench away from the landfill waste. The membrane shall
extend to the depth of the trench.

3.08. Initial Stone Backfill

Backfill with stone immediately after installation of the membrane. Place stone carefully to
avoid damage to the membrane. Stone shall be backfilled to approximately six feet below
ground surface. Do not compact stone.

3.09. Pipe Installation

A. General

1. After initial stone backfill, horizontal pipe and vertical vent riser piping shall
be installed. Proper implements, tools, and facilities shall be provided and
used for the safe and convenient performance of the work. Pipe, fittings,
and appurtenances shall be lowered carefully into the trench by means of a
derrick, rope, or other suitable tools or equipment, in such a manner as to
minimize damage to materials and protective coatings and linings. Under no
circumstances shall pipe materials be dropped or dumped into the trench.

2. Pipe and fittings shall be strung out along the route of construction where it
will cause least interference with traffic. No more than 10 feet of trench
shall remain open at the end of each working day. Required connections to
existing lines shall be made in accordance with local standards and
requirements. Observe extreme care to keep debris from entering lines.
Check carefully the invert elevations of existing lines to which connections
are to be made and inform the Engineer immediately if there is a discrepancy
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Appendix 3
Section 02223
with the Contract Drawings. Each pipe shall be inspected for defects prior
to being lowered into the trench and swabbed or brushed out to determine
that no dirt or foreign material gets into the finished line.

3. Holes shall be scooped out where the bells occur to keep the entire barrel of
the pipe bedded firmly and uniformly. Lay the pipe in straight lines and on
uniform grades between points where changes in alignment or grade are
shown.

B. Examination of Materials

Pipe fittings, valves, and other appurtenances shall be examined carefully for
damage and other defects immediately before installation. Defective materials shall
be marked and held for inspection by the Owner, who may prescribe corrective
repairs or reject the materials.

C. Pipe Ends

Lumps, blisters, and excess coating shall be removed from the socket and plain ends
of each pipe, and the outside of the plain end and the inside of the bell shall be
wiped clean and dry and be free from dirt, sand, grit, or foreign material before the
pipe is laid.

D. Pipe Cleanliness

Foreign material shall not enter the pipe while it is being placed in the trench.
During pipe laying operations, no debris, tools, clothing, or other materials shall be
placed in the pipe.

E. Pipe Placement

As each length of pipe is placed in the trench, the joint shall be assembled and the
pipe brought to correct line and grade. The pipe shall be secured in place with
approved backfill material.

F. Pipe Deflection

When it is necessary to deflect pipe from a straight line in either the vertical or
horizontal plane, or where long radius curves are permitted, the amount of
deflection shall not exceed manufacturer's recommendations.

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Appendix 3
Section 02223
G. Pipe Cutting

Cutting pipe for the insertion of valves, fittings, or closure pieces shall be done in a
neat, workmanlike manner without creating damage to the pipe or lining.

3.10. Final Backfill

A. Stone

After the pipe is placed in the trench, backfill with stone to approximately one foot
below ground surface.

B. Trench Completion

After stone is placed, fold membrane over the top of the stone. Backfill remaining
trench depth with clean soil. Do not compact backfill. Mound soil backfill a
minimum of six inches on top of trench to allow for settlement. Grade for positive
drainage. Earth clods or rocks larger than four inches and other undesirable
materials shall be removed from the site at the completion of construction. Stones
or material which are unsightly or that could damage mowing or other equipment
shall be removed. Clean up shall be done as promptly as practicable and/or at least
once a week. Ditches that are disturbed shall be restored as promptly as practical
and/or at least once a week. Maintain sediment and erosion control measures (silt
fence).

3.11. Restoration

A. Physical Conditions

Physical conditions disturbed by the work shall be restored to conditions equal to or
better than those existing prior to the work. Repair of damages to structures and
utilities shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.

B. Seeding

Seed and mulch disturbed areas in accordance with the North Carolina Erosion and
Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual.

END OF SECTION
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Appendix 3
Section 13306
SECTION 13306

LLDPE GEOMEMBRANE

Part 1 General

1.01. Scope

A. Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to install a 30 mil Liner Low Density
Polyethylene (LLDPE) geomembrane in the landfill gas interception trench as
shown on the attached Sheets.

B. These specifications describe LLDPE geomembranes. The supply and installation
of these materials shall be in strict accordance with this specification, and be
subject to the terms and conditions of the contract.

1.02. Related Requirements

A. Comply with applicable codes and regulations as required by regulatory agencies
having jurisdiction over this work. Comply with the pertinent sections of the
following standards:

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO)
Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI) Test Methods and Standards, latest
edition

1.03. Manufacturer's Experience

The manufacturer of the synthetic material described hereunder shall have previously
demonstrated his ability to produce this membrane by having successfully manufactured
similar material for hydraulic installations. The manufacturer must meet or exceed
appropriate requirements listed by GRI Test Methods GM17 “Test Properties, Testing
Frequency and Recommended Warranty for Low Linear Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)
Smooth and Textured Geomembranes” and GM19 “Seam Strength and Related Properties
of Thermally Bonded Polyolefin Geomembranes” for geomembranes.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Gas Remediation Plan
December 16, 2009

Appendix 3
Section 13306

Part 2 Products

2.01. Material

A. The membrane shall be comprised of LLDPE material, manufactured of new,
first-quality products designed and manufactured specifically for the purpose of
liquid containment in hydraulic structures.

B. The raw polymer shall meet or surpass the minimum standards in GRI GM17 and
GM19.

C. The membrane shall meet or surpass the minimum average roll standards in GRI
AM17 and GM19.

D. The membrane material shall be so produced as to be free of holes, blisters,
undispersed raw materials, or sign of contamination by foreign matter.

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Area Preparation

Surfaces to be lined shall generally be smooth and free of rocks, stones, sticks, roots,
sharp objects, or debris that could damage the membrane. Clearing of vertical cuts shall
be to the extent feasible with a backhoe bucket.

3.02. Field Installation

Individual panels of membrane material shall be laid out and overlapped by a minimum
of 6 inches. Extreme care shall be taken by the installer to protect the integrity of the
membrane material.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Gas Remediation Plan
December 16, 2009

Appendix 3
Section 13316
SECTION 13316

PVC GEOMEMBRANE

Part 1 General

1.01. Description

Work includes providing and installing PVC geomembrane in the landfill gas
interception/venting trench.

1.02. References

A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

B. National Sanitation Foundation (NSF): Standard No. 54.

1.03. Submittals

A. Manufacturer's certification that supplied materials meet requirements of this
Specification.

B. Manufacturer's instructions for installing and seaming PVC membrane.

1.05. Delivery, Storage, and Handling

A. On-Site Storage:

Protect geomembrane from direct sunlight and heat to control degradation of
material and blocking.

Part 2 Products

2.01. Geomembrane

A. Material:

1. Virgin domestic materials.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
3. Neutral gray to black color.
4. Provide material of uniform color, thickness, size, and surface texture.
5. Manufactured by calendered process.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Gas Remediation Plan
December 16, 2009

Appendix 3
Section 13316

B. Minimum Characteristics, Factory Seam Requirements:

Factory Seam Lap 1 in.
Factory Seaming Method Dielectric Fusion or Chemical Weld

C. Fabrication:

1. Do not use reprocessed or reground material.
2. Factory bond seams.
3. Finished material shall be free of pinholes, blisters, and contaminants.
4. Physical Characteristics:

Specification
Property Test Method Minimum Requirement

Gauge (nominal) 30 mils

Thickness, minimum ASTM D1593 or D5199 28 mils

Specific Gravity ASTM D792 1.15
(minimum)

Minimum Tensile Properties ASTM D882
(each direction)
1. Breaking Factor Method A or B 92 lbs/in width
2. Elongation at Break (%) Method A or B 400%
3. Modulus (Force) Method A or B 36 lbs/in width

Tear Resistance ASTM D1004 10 lbs
(minimum average lbs) Die C

Low Temperature Impact ASTM D1790 -15 deg F
(50% pass)

Dimensional Stability ASTM D1204 3%
(each direction, % 212 deg.F 15 Min.
change maximum)

Water Extraction ASTM D3083 or D1239 0.35%
(maximum % weight loss)

Volatile Loss ASTM D1203 0.5%
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Gas Remediation Plan
December 16, 2009

Appendix 3
Section 13316
(maximum % weight loss)

Hydrostatic Resistance ASTM D751 110 psi
(lbs/sq in minimum)

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Examination

A. Examine existing surface on which geomembrane is to be installed.

B. Surface shall be generally smooth, clean, uniform, and free of protrusions, to the
extent feasible with a backhoe bucket.

END OF SECTION
Orange County C&D Landfi ll Permit Amendment – Section Contents May 28, 2019 FIGURES
FIGURES
DRAPER ADEN ASSOCIATES REVIEWTHESE PLANS HAVE BEEN SUBJECTED TO TECHNICAL AND QUALITY REVIEWS BY:PROJECT DESIGNERPROJECT MANAGERQUALITY REVIEWERSHEET TITLESHEET No.LANDFILLC & DROADGENERAL NOTESEROSION CONTROL NOTESVICINITY MAPDRAWING INDEXEROSION CONTROL LEGENDDUKE FORESTDESIGNED BY:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:SCALE:DATE:PROJECT NUMBER:REVISIONSP:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_COVER.DWG May 28, 2019 5:57:36 PM
R00592-179NJUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT 68-04 RENEWAL
ORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Draper Aden Associates
Engineering Surveying Environmental Services
Northern Virginia
Fayetteville, NC
Hampton Roads, VA
Blacksburg, VA
Richmond, VA
Charlottesville, VA
NCSU Centennial Campus
930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]
www.daa.com
NC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TONCDEQ REVIEWSEAL028909P
R
OFESSIONALNO
R
T
HCAROLINAENGINEER C.TYRUSCLAYTON,JR.NONECTC JR.CTC JR.CGDCCOVER SHEET EUBANKS480LEGENDORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROADC & D LANDFILLPERMIT 68-04 RENEWALORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
CLOSED ORANGE COUNTY
LANDFILL UNIT
1 inch = ft.
( IN FEET )
GRAPHIC SCALE
0100 100 200
100
50
CLOSED ORANGE COUNTY
LANDFILL UNIT
1 inch = ft.
( IN FEET )
GRAPHIC SCALE
0100 100 200
100
50
EUBANKS
ROAD
C & D
LANDFILLPHASE I
ACTIVE
CLOSED ORANGE
COUNTY SOUTH
MSW LANDFILL
(PERMIT 68-01)
EUBANKS
ROAD
C & D
LANDFILLPHASE I
ACTIVE
515
515
510
505
505
520
519
518
517
516
516517518
519520
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
SCALE:
DATE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
REVISIONS
P:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_EXISTING.dwg May 28, 2019 5:57:50 PMR00592-179N
JUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILLPERMIT 68-04 RENEWALORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINADraper Aden AssociatesEngineering Surveying Environmental ServicesNorthern VirginiaFayetteville, NCHampton Roads, VABlacksburg, VARichmond, VACharlottesville, VANCSU Centennial Campus930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151Raleigh, NC 27606919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]www.daa.comNC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TO
NCDEQ REVIEW
SEAL
028909PROFESSIONA
LNORTHCAROLINA
ENGI N E E RC.TY
RUS CL A Y T ON,JR.1" = 100'
CTC JR.
CTC JR.
CGD
1EXISTING CONDITIONS480
LEGEND
CLOSED ORANGE COUNTY
LANDFILL UNIT
1 inch = ft.
( IN FEET )
GRAPHIC SCALE
0100 100 200
100
50
CLOSED ORANGE COUNTY
LANDFILL UNIT
1 inch = ft.
( IN FEET )
GRAPHIC SCALE
0100 100 200
100
50
EUBANKS
ROAD
C & D
LANDFILLPHASE I
ACTIVE
CLOSED ORANGE
COUNTY SOUTH
MSW LANDFILL
(PERMIT 68-01)
EUBANKS
ROAD
C & D
LANDFILLPHASE I
ACTIVE
515
515
510
510
505
505
500
500
495
495
490
490
485
485
480
480
475
475505
520
519
518
517
516
516517518
519520
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
SCALE:
DATE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
REVISIONS
P:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_EXISTING.dwg May 28, 2019 5:57:56 PMR00592-179N
JUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILLPERMIT 68-04 RENEWALORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINADraper Aden AssociatesEngineering Surveying Environmental ServicesNorthern VirginiaFayetteville, NCHampton Roads, VABlacksburg, VARichmond, VACharlottesville, VANCSU Centennial Campus930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151Raleigh, NC 27606919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]www.daa.comNC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TO
NCDEQ REVIEW
SEAL
028909PROFESSIONA
LNORTHCAROLINA
ENGI N E E RC.TY
RUS CL A Y T ON,JR.1" = 150'
CTC JR.
CTC JR.
CGD
2OVERALL SITE PLAN480
LEGEND
EUBANKS
ROAD
C & D
LANDFILLPHASE I
ACTIVE
EUBANKS
ROAD
C & D
LANDFILLPHASE I
ACTIVE
1 inch = ft.
( IN FEET )
GRAPHIC SCALE
060 60 120
60
30
515
515
520
519
518
517
516
516517518
519520
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
SCALE:
DATE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
REVISIONS
P:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_PHASE 1 BASE GRADES.dwg May 28, 2019 5:58:14 PMR00592-179N
JUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILLPERMIT 68-04 RENEWALORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINADraper Aden AssociatesEngineering Surveying Environmental ServicesNorthern VirginiaFayetteville, NCHampton Roads, VABlacksburg, VARichmond, VACharlottesville, VANCSU Centennial Campus930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151Raleigh, NC 27606919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]www.daa.comNC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TO
NCDEQ REVIEW
SEAL
028909PROFESSIONA
LNORTHCAROLINA
ENGI N E E RC.TY
RUS CL A Y T ON,JR.480
LEGEND
PHASE 1 BASE GRADES1" = 60'
CGD
CTC JR.
CTC JR.
3
AAPHASES 2 & 3FUTUREPHASE 1ACTIVEPHASE 1INTERMEDIATE515515520519518517516516517518519520DESIGNED BY:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:SCALE:DATE:PROJECT NUMBER:REVISIONSP:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_PHASE 2-3 BASE GRADE 17 0317.DWG May 28, 2019 5:58:25 PM
R00592-179NJUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT 68-04 RENEWAL
ORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Draper Aden Associates
Engineering Surveying Environmental Services
Northern Virginia
Fayetteville, NC
Hampton Roads, VA
Blacksburg, VA
Richmond, VA
Charlottesville, VA
NCSU Centennial Campus
930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]
www.daa.com
NC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TONCDEQ REVIEWSEAL028909P
R
OFESSIONALNO
R
T
HCAROLINAENGINEERC.TYRUSCLAYTON,JR.1" = 60'CTC JR.CTC JR.CGD4PHASES 2 & 3 BASE GRADES
PHASE 1 INTERMEDIATE GRADES480 LEGEND
1 inch = ft.( IN FEET )GRAPHIC SCALE060601206030AABBPHASE 2 & 3INTERMEDIATE515515520519518517516516517518519520DESIGNED BY:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:SCALE:DATE:PROJECT NUMBER:REVISIONSP:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_PHASE 2-3 INT GRADE.DWG May 28, 2019 5:58:39 PM
R00592-179NJUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT 68-04 RENEWAL
ORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Draper Aden Associates
Engineering Surveying Environmental Services
Northern Virginia
Fayetteville, NC
Hampton Roads, VA
Blacksburg, VA
Richmond, VA
Charlottesville, VA
NCSU Centennial Campus
930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]
www.daa.com
NC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TONCDEQ REVIEWSEAL028909P
R
OFESSIONALNO
R
T
HCAROLINAENGINEERC.TYRUSCLAYTON,JR.480LEGENDPHASES 2&3 INTERMEDIATE GRADES
1" = 60'CGDCTC JR.CTC JR.5
AABB1 inch = ft.( IN FEET )GRAPHIC SCALE060601206030ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß ß ß ß ß
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515515520519518517516516517518519520DESIGNED BY:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:SCALE:DATE:PROJECT NUMBER:REVISIONSP:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_FINAL GRADES 17 0317.DWG May 28, 2019 5:58:55 PM
R00592-179NJUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT 68-04 RENEWAL
ORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Draper Aden Associates
Engineering Surveying Environmental Services
Northern Virginia
Fayetteville, NC
Hampton Roads, VA
Blacksburg, VA
Richmond, VA
Charlottesville, VA
NCSU Centennial Campus
930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]
www.daa.com
NC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TONCDEQ REVIEWSEAL028909P
R
OFESSIONALNO
R
T
HCAROLINAENGINEERC.TYRUSCLAYTON,JR.480LEGENDPROPOSED FINAL GRADES
1" = 60'CGDCTC JR.CTC JR.6…
DESIGNED BY:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:SCALE:DATE:PROJECT NUMBER:REVISIONSP:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_SECTIONS.dwg May 28, 2019 5:59:03 PM
R00592-179NJUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT 68-04 RENEWAL
ORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Draper Aden Associates
Engineering Surveying Environmental Services
Northern Virginia
Fayetteville, NC
Hampton Roads, VA
Blacksburg, VA
Richmond, VA
Charlottesville, VA
NCSU Centennial Campus
930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]
www.daa.com
NC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TONCDEQ REVIEWSEAL028909P
R
OFESSIONALNO
R
T
HCAROLINAENGINEERC.TYRUSCLAYTON,JR.
CROSS SECTIONSH: 1" = 60' V: 5:1CGDCTC JR.CTC JR.7
DESIGNED BY:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:SCALE:DATE:PROJECT NUMBER:REVISIONSP:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_DETAILS.DWG May 28, 2019 5:59:12 PM
R00592-179NJUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT 68-04 RENEWAL
ORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Draper Aden Associates
Engineering Surveying Environmental Services
Northern Virginia
Fayetteville, NC
Hampton Roads, VA
Blacksburg, VA
Richmond, VA
Charlottesville, VA
NCSU Centennial Campus
930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]
www.daa.com
NC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TONCDEQ REVIEWSEAL028909P
R
OFESSIONALNO
R
T
HCAROLINAENGINEER C.TYRUSCLAYT
ON,JR.TYPICAL SECTIONCAP DETAILOUTLET STABILIZATIONLANDFILL GAS PROBELANDFILL GAS VENTPLAN VIEWDETAILS 1
NONECGDCTC JR.CTC JR.8C & DWASTE®STORMWATER CHANNEL SCHEDULECULVERT SCHEDULEPERIMETER ROAD DETAIL
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
SCALE:
DATE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
REVISIONS
P:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_DETAILS.DWG May 28, 2019 5:59:18 PMR00592-179N
JUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILLPERMIT 68-04 RENEWALORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINADraper Aden AssociatesEngineering Surveying Environmental ServicesNorthern VirginiaFayetteville, NCHampton Roads, VABlacksburg, VARichmond, VACharlottesville, VANCSU Centennial Campus930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151Raleigh, NC 27606919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]www.daa.comNC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TO
NCDEQ REVIEW
SEAL
028909PROFESSIONA
LNORTHCAROLI
N
AENGI N E E RC.T
Y
RUS CL A Y T ON,JR.E&SC DETAILS 2NONE
CGD
CTC JR.
CTC JR.
9
MATERIALS
1.USE A SYNTHETIC FILTER FABRIC OF AT LEAST 95% BY WEIGHT OF POLYOLEFINS OR
POLYESTER, WHICH IS CERTIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER AS
CONFORMING TO THE REQUIREMENTS IN ASTM D 6461, WHICH IS SHOWN IN PART IN
TABLE 6.62B. SYNTHETIC FILTER FABRIC SHOULD CONTAIN ULTRAVIOLET RAY
INHIBITORS AND STABILIZERS TO PROVIDE A MINIMUM OF 6 MONTHS OF EXPECTED
USABLE CONSTRUCTION LIFE AT A TEMPERATURE RANGE OF 0 TO 120º F.
2.ENSURE THAT POSTS FOR SEDIMENT FENCES ARE 1.33 LB/LINEAR FT STEEL WITH A
MINIMUM LENGTH OF 5 FEET. MAKE SURE THAT STEEL POSTS HAVE PROJECTIONS TO
FACILITATE FASTENING THE FABRIC.
3.FOR REINFORCEMENT OF STANDARD STRENGTH FILTER FABRIC, USE WIRE FENCE
WITH A MINIMUM 14 GAUGE AND A MAXIMUM MESH SPACING OF 6 INCHES.
CONSTRUCTION
1.CONSTRUCT THE SEDIMENT BARRIER OF STANDARD STRENGTH OR EXTRA
STRENGTH SYNTHETIC FILTER FABRICS.
2.ENSURE THAT THE HEIGHT OF THE SEDIMENT FENCE DOES NOT EXCEED 24 INCHES
ABOVE THE GROUND SURFACE. (HIGHER FENCES MAY IMPOUND VOLUMES OF
WATER SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE FAILURE OF THE STRUCTURE.)
3.CONSTRUCT THE FILTER FABRIC FROM A CONTINUOUS ROLL CUT TO THE LENGTH OF
THE BARRIER TO AVOID JOINTS. WHEN JOINTS ARE NECESSARY, SECURELY FASTEN
THE FILTER CLOTH ONLY AT A SUPPORT POST WITH 4 FEET MINIMUM OVERLAP TO
THE NEXT POST.
4.SUPPORT STANDARD STRENGTH FILTER FABRIC BY WIRE MESH FASTENED
SECURELY TO THE UPSLOPE SIDE OF THE POSTS. EXTEND THE WIRE MESH SUPPORT
TO THE BOTTOM OF THE TRENCH. FASTEN THE WIRE REINFORCEMENT, THEN FABRIC
ON THE UPSLOPE SIDE OF THE FENCE POST. WIRE OR PLASTIC ZIP TIES SHOULD
HAVE MINIMUM 50 POUND TENSILE STRENGTH.
5.WHEN A WIRE MESH SUPPORT FENCE IS USED, SPACE POSTS A MAXIMUM OF 8 FEET
APART. SUPPORT POSTS SHOULD BE DRIVEN SECURELY INTO THE GROUND A
MINIMUM OF 24 INCHES.
6.EXTRA STRENGTH FILTER FABRIC WITH 6 FEET POST SPACING DOES NOT REQUIRE
WIRE MESH SUPPORT FENCE. SECURELY FASTEN THE FILTER FABRIC DIRECTLY TO
POSTS. WIRE OR PLASTIC ZIP TIES SHOULD HAVE MINIMUM 50 POUND TENSILE
STRENGTH.
7.EXCAVATE A TRENCH APPROXIMATELY 4 INCHES WIDE AND 8 INCHES DEEP ALONG
THE PROPOSED LINE OF POSTS AND UPSLOPE FROM THE BARRIER (FIGURE 6.62A).
8.PLACE 12 INCHES OF THE FABRIC ALONG THE BOTTOM AND SIDE OF THE TRENCH.
9.BACKFILL THE TRENCH WITH COMPACTED SOIL PLACED OVER THE FILTER FABRIC.
THOROUGH COMPACTION OF THE BACKFILL IS CRITICAL TO SILT FENCE
PERFORMANCE.
10.DO NOT ATTACH FILTER FABRIC TO EXISTING TREES.
SEDIMENT FENCE INSTALLATION USING THE SLICING METHOD
INSTEAD OF EXCAVATING A TRENCH, PLACING FABRIC AND THEN BACKFILLING TRENCH,
SEDIMENT FENCE MAY BE INSTALLED USING SPECIALLY DESIGNED EQUIPMENT THAT
INSERTS THE FABRIC INTO A CUT SLICED IN THE GROUND WITH A DISC.
INSTALLATION SPECIFICATIONS
1.THE BASE OF BOTH END POSTS SHOULD BE AT LEAST ONE FOOT HIGHER THAN THE
MIDDLE OF THE FENCE. CHECK WITH A LEVEL IF NECESSARY.
2.INSTALL POSTS 4 FEET APART IN CRITICAL AREAS AND 6 FEET APART ON STANDARD
APPLICATIONS.
3.INSTALL POSTS 2 FEET DEEP ON THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF THE SILT FENCE, AND
AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE FABRIC, ENABLING POSTS TO SUPPORT THE FABRIC
FROM UPSTREAM WATER PRESSURE.
4.INSTALL POSTS WITH THE NIPPLES FACING AWAY FROM THE SILT FABRIC.
5.ATTACH THE FABRIC TO EACH POST WITH THREE TIES, ALL SPACED WITHIN THE TOP
8 INCHES OF THE FABRIC. ATTACH EACH TIE DIAGONALLY 45 DEGREES THROUGH THE
FABRIC, WITH EACH PUNCTURE AT LEAST 1 INCH VERTICALLY APART. ALSO, EACH TIE
SHOULD BE POSITIONED TO HANG ON A POST NIPPLE WHEN TIGHTENED TO PREVENT
SAGGING.
6.WRAP APPROXIMATELY 6 INCHES OF FABRIC AROUND THE END POSTS AND SECURE
WITH 3 TIES.
7.NO MORE THAN 24 INCHES OF A 36 INCH FABRIC IS ALLOWED ABOVE GROUND LEVEL.
8.THE INSTALLATION SHOULD BE CHECKED AND CORRECTED FOR ANY DEVIATIONS
BEFORE COMPACTION.
9.COMPACTION IS VITALLY IMPORTANT FOR EFFECTIVE RESULTS. COMPACT THE SOIL
IMMEDIATELY NEXT TO THE SILT FENCE FABRIC WITH THE FRONT WHEEL OF THE
TRACTOR, SKID STEER, OR ROLLER EXERTING AT LEAST 60 POUNDS PER SQUARE
INCH. COMPACT THE UPSTREAM SIDE FIRST, AND THEN EACH SIDE TWICE FOR A
TOTAL OF 4 TRIPS.
MAINTENANCE
1.INSPECT SEDIMENT FENCES AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK AND AFTER EACH RAINFALL.
MAKE ANY REQUIRED REPAIRS IMMEDIATELY.
2.SHOULD THE FABRIC OF A SEDIMENT FENCE COLLAPSE, TEAR, DECOMPOSE OR
BECOME INEFFECTIVE, REPLACE IT PROMPTLY.
3.REMOVE SEDIMENT DEPOSITS AS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE STORAGE
VOLUME FOR THE NEXT RAIN AND TO REDUCE PRESSURE ON THE FENCE. TAKE CARE
TO AVOID UNDERMINING THE FENCE DURING CLEANOUT.
4.REMOVE ALL FENCING MATERIALS AND UNSTABLE SEDIMENT DEPOSITS AND BRING
THE AREA TO GRADE AND STABILIZE IT AFTER THE CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA
HAS BEEN PROPERLY STABILIZED.
SEDIMENT FENCE DETAIL
NOT TO SCALE
DIVERSION DITCH DETAIL
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
SECTION THRU BASIN, FILTER AND CULVERT PIPE
ROCK PIPE INLET PROTECTION MAINTENANCE:
ROCK PIPE INLET PROTECTION USE:
ROCK PIPE INLET PROTECTION (TEMPORARY)
ANCHOR TRENCH DETAIL
NOT TO SCALE
DESIGNED BY:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:SCALE:DATE:PROJECT NUMBER:REVISIONSP:\R00\500\R00592\R00592-179N\CAD\R00592-179N\R00592-179N_DETAILS.DWG May 28, 2019 5:59:23 PM
R00592-179NJUNE 23, 2017ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT 68-04 RENEWAL
ORANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Draper Aden Associates
Engineering Surveying Environmental Services
Northern Virginia
Fayetteville, NC
Hampton Roads, VA
Blacksburg, VA
Richmond, VA
Charlottesville, VA
NCSU Centennial Campus
930 Main Campus Drive, Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919-827-0864 Fax: [phone]
www.daa.com
NC Firm License # C-086105/15/19 - RESPONSE TONCDEQ REVIEWSEAL028909P
R
OFESSIONALNO
R
T
HCAROLINAENGINEER C.TYRUSCLAYTON,JR.
E&SC DETAILS 3
NONECGDCTC JR.CTC JR.10TEMPORARY SEEDING SCHEDULESHOULDERS, SIDE DITCHES, SLOPESDATE:TYPE:PLANTING RATES:Aug 15 - May 1Rye (grain)200 lbs./acreMay 1 - Aug 15German Millet40 lbs./acreConsult the Conservation Engineer or the Soil Conservation Service for additional information concerning other alternative forvegetation of denuded areas.Ground cover must be installed on exposed slopes within 7 days following completion of any phase of grading.* Omit annual lespedeza when duration of temporary cover is not to extend beyond June.**Temporary - Reseed according to optimum season for desired permanent vegetation, Do not allow temporary cover to grow over12" in height before mowing, otherwise fescue may be shaded out.SEEDBED PREPARATION1.Chisel compacted areas and spread topsoil 3" deep over adverse soil conditions, if available.2.Rip the entire area to 6" depth.3.Remove all loose rock, roots, and other obstructions leaving surface reasonably smooth and uniform.4.Apply agricultural lime, fertilizer, and superphosphate uniformly and mix with soil (see below*).5.Continue tillage unit a well-pulverized, firm, reasonably uniform seedbed is prepared 4" to 6" deep.6.Seed on a freshly prepared seedbed and cover seed lightly with seeding equipment or cultipack after seeding.7.Mulch immediately after seeding and anchor mulch.8.Inspect all seeded areas and make necessary repairs or reseeding within the planting season, if possible. If standshould be over 60% damaged reestablish following original lime, fertilizer and seeding rates.9.Consult the Conservation Inspector on maintenance treatment and fertilization after permanent cover is established.*Apply: Agricultural Limestone - 2 tons/acre or 3 tons/acre in clay soils.Fertilizer - 750 lbs/acre (10-20-10)Mulch - 2 tons/acre (small grain straw)Anchor - asphalt emulsion at 450 gal./acre is straw is not crimped in place.PERMANENT SEEDING SCHEDULEALL AREAS UP TO SLOPES OF 3:1DATE:TYPE:PLANTING RATES:Aug 15 - Nov 1Tall Fescue300 lbs./acreNov 1 - Mar 1Tall Fescue and300 lbs./acreAbruzzi Rye25 lbs./acreMar 1 - Apr 15Tall Fescue300 lbs./acreApr 15 - Aug 15Hulled Common Bermudagrass25 lbs./acreand Tall Fescue200 lbs./acreSlopes (3:1 to 2:1)Mar 1 - Oct 1Centipede SodFull Coverage-Staked -OR-(Mar 1 - Oct 1)Tall Fescue200 lbs./acre -OR-(Mar 1 - Oct 1)Hulled Common Bermudagrass 75 lbs./acreConsult the Conservation Engineer or the Soil Conservation Service for additional information concerning otheralternative for vegetation of denuded areas.Permanent ground cover must be installed on all disturbed areas within 15 working days or 90 calendar days(whichever is shorter) following completion of construction or development.**Temporary - Reseed according to optimum season for desired permanent vegetation, Do not allow temporarycover to grow over 12" in height before mowing, otherwise fescue may be shaded out.SEEDBED PREPARATION1.Chisel compacted areas and SPREAD TOPSOIL OR AMENDED SOIL 6" DEEP.2.Rip the entire area to 6" depth.3.Remove all loose rock, roots, and other obstructions leaving surface reasonably smooth and uniform.4.Apply agricultural lime, fertilizer, and superphosphate uniformly and mix with soil (see below*).5.Continue tillage unit a well-pulverized, firm, reasonably uniform seedbed is prepared 4" to 6" deep.6.Seed on a freshly prepared seedbed and cover seed lightly with seeding equipment or cultipack afterseeding.7.Mulch immediately after seeding and anchor mulch.8.Inspect all seeded areas and make necessary repairs or reseeding within the planting season, ifpossible. If stand should be over 60% damaged reestablish following original lime, fertilizer andseeding rates.9.Consult the Conservation Inspector on maintenance treatment and fertilization after permanent coveris established.*Apply: Agricultural Limestone - 2 tons/acre or 3 tons/acre in clay soils.Fertilizer - 1000 lbs/acreSuperphosphate - 500 lbs/acre (20%)Mulch - 2 tons/acre (small grain straw)Anchor - asphalt emulsion at 450 gal./acreTEMPORARY RECP LINERSROADSIDE CHANNEL DETAIL FLEXAMAT ®DOWNCHUTE CHANNEL DETAIL (FLEXAMAT®)TEMPORARY DIVERSION DITCH DETAILNOT TO SCALE