6030_DavidsonCompost_renewalapplic_20190710

Wilson, Donna J
From: Jolly, Charles <[e-mail]>
Sent: Wednesday, July 10, 2019 8:58 AM
To: Wilson, Donna J
Cc: Bradford, Teresa
Subject: [External] Davidson College Compost Permit Renewal
Attachments: engineering report July 1-2019.pdf, Compost Archives Snapshot Summer 2019.xlsx;
20537_F19088_6519.PDF; 20537_F19065_6508.PDF; img-710082426-0001.pdf
External email. Do not click links or open attachments unless you verify. Send all suspicious email as an attachment to
[e-mail]
Donna,
I would like to apply for a renewal of Davidson College Compost Facility Permit.
Here is all the information you requested for Davidson College Compost Permit renewal. I have attached the engineer
and operation report that I have read though. The only changes were the dates. All information looks up to date. I have
included our data for recording time, temperature, and amounts. I have attached the two latest compost soil test. I have
also attached the signed copy of the Compost permit application guidance. To the best of my knowledge, all documents
are current and up to date. If there is anything else you need or anything I missed, please let me know and I will take
care of it. Please let me know when and if we qualify for the new permit and when the expiration date will be so that I
can put a reminder on my calendar. Thank you for working with me on this permit renewal and for all your help.
I will email Ryan Smith Environmental Specialist with the update.
Thank you,
Charles Jolly
Asst. Director of Grounds @ Davidson College
[phone]

Davidson College
Compost Facility
For Permit application
Engineering Report
July 1, 2019
CS.,
STEWART

Davidson College Compost Facility
July 1, 2019
Engineering Report
Executive Summary
This document has been prepared under the direction of Davidson College for
submittal of a complete permit application for a Small Type 3 Facility to the North
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste
Management, Solid Waste Section, Composting and Land Application Branch
(NCDENR). The purpose of this application is to obtain a construction and operation
permit for composting of food waste as defined by CFR Title 40 Section 243.101(1)
and 246.101(m) and yard waste as defined by CFR Title 40 Section 62.15370, at the
Davidson College Composting Facility in the Town of Davidson, Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina.
The purpose of this project is to reduce the amount of waste that is currently being
land -filled, reduce waste -management tipping fees, produce compost for use in
landscaping operations, and reduce the amount/cost of imported mulch and/or
topsoil required for said operations.
This report includes the Preliminary Design Report for the Davidson College
Composting Facility (Facility) in the Town of Davidson, Mecklenburg County, North
Carolina.
The Facility will compost food waste and yard waste. The finished compost will be
used as a soil amendment within Davidson College Campus landscape areas.
x803101 draft engineering report.doc

Davidson College Compost Facility Engineering Report
July 1, 2019
Table of Contents
1.0 Project Description.........................................................................................1
1.1. Summary Information for 15A NCAC 13B.1409(b) ..........................1
2.0 Project Location..............................................................................................2
3.0 Existing Conditions.......................................................................................2
3.1. Soils..........................................................................................................2
3.2. Flooding..................................................................................................3
3.3. Wetlands.................................................................................................3
3.4. Threatened and Endangered Species..................................................3
4.0 Stormwater Management.............................................................................3
5.0 Leachate Collection and Disposal................................................................4
6.0 Compost Facility............................................................................................4
6.1. Types, Quantities and Characteristics................................................4
6.2. Design Capacity.....................................................................................5
6.3. Design Ratios..........................................................................................5
6.4. Environmental Effects..........................................................................5
6.4.1.Odor Control................................................................................5
6.4.2. Dust Control.................................................................................6
6.4.3. Noise..............................................................................................6
6.4.4. Public Access................................................................................6
6.4.5. Proximity to Residential Areas..................................................6
6.4.6. Flood Protection...........................................................................6
6.4.7. Lighting.........................................................................................7
6.5. Pathogen Reduction..............................................................................7
6.6. Vector Attraction Reduction................................................................7
6.7. Metering and Sampling........................................................................7
6.8. Chemical Addition................................................................................7
6.9. Concentrations.......................................................................................7
6.10. Mode of Operation..............................................................................7
6.11. Corrosion Control................................................................................8
6.12. Storage of Food waste.........................................................................8
6.13. Storage of Chemicals...........................................................................8
6.14. Alternate Disposal Methods...............................................................9
6.15. Monitoring............................................................................................9
6.16. Product Testing....................................................................................10
6.17. Record Keeping....................................................................................10
6.18. EPA Standards.....................................................................................10
7.0 Pavement Design...........................................................................................11
8.0 Utilities............................................................................................................11
9.0 Fire Protection................................................................................................11
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Davidson College Compost Facility
July 1, 2019
Engineering Report
Appendices
NRAES-54 Reference Data..................................................................................A
LocationMap........................................................................................................B
Existing Conditions Aerial Photograph............................................................0
SoilsMap...............................................................................................................D
FloodMap.............................................................................................................E
WatershedMap....................................................................................................F
Composting Computations................................................................................G
Operations Manual..............................................................................................H
Meeting and Teleconference Notes...................................................................I
x803101 draft engineering report.doc

Davidson College Compost Facility
July 1, 2019
Engineering Report
1.0 Project Description
This document has been prepared under the direction of Davidson College for
submittal of a completed permit application for a Small Type 3 Facility Compost Pilot
or Demonstration Project to the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section, Composting
and Land Application Branch (NCDENR). The purpose of this application is to
obtain a construction and operation permit for composting of food waste as defined
by CFR Title 40 Section 243.101(1) and 246.101(m) and yard waste as defined by CFR
Title 40 Section 62.15370, at the Davidson College Composting Facility in The Town
of Davidson, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.
This project will consist of a Compost Facility where in -vessel composting is
performed to produce finished compost and a Curing and Storage Facility for stock-
piling finished compost which Davidson College will use as a nutrient additive for
top soil within on -campus landscape areas. The facilities will operate five days a
week between the hours of 7:00 AM and 4:00 PM. Davidson College, Inc will provide
operation and maintenance of the facility. The Owner/Operator of the Facility will
be Davidson College. The Facility director will be Mr. David Holthouser, Director of
Facilities and Engineering for Davidson College. The Facility Contact will be Charles
Jolly, Assistant Director of Grounds.
The design parameters for this project are based on information included in "On -
Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54,1992). Compost material properties are
based on data listed in NRAES-54, Appendix A -Characteristics of Raw Materials,
Table A.1. Recipe proportion calculations are based on information included in
NRAES-54, Chapter 3-Raw Materials. Reference information is included in
Appendix A.
1.1. Summary Information for 15A NCAC 1313.1409 (b)
Owner: Davidson College
Operator: David Holthouser, Director of Facilities and Engineering
Contact: Charles Jolly, Assistant Director of Grounds
Address: Box 7166
Davidson, NC 28035-7116
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: [phone]
eMail: [e-mail]
Primary Waste Stream: Food Waste from Davidson College Campus Food Service
Project Time Frame: Full Permit.
Estimated Waste Stream: See Section 6.2
Design Basis: NRAES-54
Testing Procedures: See the Operation Manual (Appendix H)
Process: See Section 6.10
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Davidson College Compost Facility Engineering Report
July 1, 2019
Final Product Usage: Nutrient additive for top soil within on -campus landscape
areas
Final Report Outline: (submitted to NCDENR at the end of the pilot project)
1) The amount and type of materials received in tons;
2) The amount of compost produced in tons;
3) The amount of compost distributed in tons;
4) Copies of all test results;
5) Monitoring records; and
6) A narrative explanation of why the project was a success or failure.
2.0 Project Location
The subject site is located at Davidson College in the Town of Davidson on Ridge
Road, approximately 1.5 miles east of Interstate Highway 77 (exit 30, Griffith Street).
The Compost Facility is located at approximately Latitude 35' 30' 19" North and
Longitude 80° 50' 13" West. The Curing and Storage Facility will be located at
approximately Latitude 35° 30' 25" North and Longitude 80° 50' 16" West. A project
location map is presented in Appendix B.
3.0 Existing Conditions
The Compost Facility will be located within the Davidson College Facilities
Maintenance compound. The compound is fenced and gated to prohibit
unauthorized entry. The compound houses offices, warehouses, machine -shops, and
materials storage for the Facilities Maintenance staff. Most of the compound is
paved.
The Curing and Storage Yard will be located on a portion of the campus property
that is not currently being used near a utility right-of-way.
The existing conditions are shown on an aerial included in Appendix C.
3.1. Soils
According to Mecklenburg County Soils Maps, the existing soils at the Compost
Facility and Curing and Storage Facility are Wilkes loam (WkE),15 to 25 percent
slopes, hydrologic group D. A copy of the soils map, provided by Mecklenburg
County is included in Appendix D.
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Davidson College Compost Facility
July 1, 2019
Engineering Report
3.2. Flooding
A review of the FIRM (Flood Insurance Rate Map) map for Mecklenburg County,
North Carolina, Panel 37015807E indicates that project is located completely outside
of the floodplain.
No work will be done within the flood plain.
A copy of the FIRM map is included in Appendix E.
3.3. Wetlands
There are no wetlands, surface waters and/or intermittent or perennial streams
within 200 feet of the Compost Facility or Curing and Storage Facility.
3.4. Threatened and Endangered Species
There are no threatened or endangered species located within the proposed facilities.
4.0 Stormwater Management
The project is located within the Yadkin Southeast Post -Construction District within
the Davidson Jurisdiction in the Rocky River Watershed. Drainage Basins are shown
in Appendix F.
Stormwater runoff from the Facility will not come in contact with solid waste. The
compost process will be completely enclosed within the In -vessel Compost Unit. The
finished compost has been placed in covered and walled storage bays on concrete
pavement.
The Compost Facility has been located entirely on existing pavement and will not
disturb existing ground cover (i.e. pavement).
The Curing and Storage Facility will disturb approximately 14,650 square feet of
existing forested upland area. Approximately 7,980 square feet of impervious
surface (i.e. pavement) has been constructed within this disturbed area. The
remainder of the disturbed area will be stabilized with grass seed. Runoff from the
site will be directed into existing swales and ditches along the existing access road.
Runoff from offsite areas will be collected in swales around the perimeter of the site
and directed around the Facility and away from compost storage bays.
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Davidson College Compost Facility
July 1, 2019
Engineering Report
5.0 Leachate Control
The compost process will be completely enclosed within the In -vessel Compost Unit.
The Compost Unit will be located on an operating surface of existing asphalt
pavement.
The finished compost will be placed in covered and walled storage bays on concrete
pavement.
The Compost Facility and Curing and Storage Facility will not produce a significant
amount of leachate.
Leachate will not be allowed to pond or drain off -site.
Leachate spills around the Compost Unit will be contained and absorbed using saw
dust, mulch or compost material and placed back into the Compost Unit inlet.
Leachate spills at the Curing and Storage Facility will be contained and absorbed
using compost material from the storage bay that produced the leachate. The
leachate laden compost material should be placed back in the active composting area
(in vessel), rather than the static pile. This will help to avoid any contaminations of
curing compost.
6.0 Compost Facility
This section describes general operation parameters of the Compost Facility.
Operation procedures are described in the Operations Manual for this facility
(Appendix H).
The proposed Compost Facility will treat food waste through in -vessel composting
methods.
6.1. Types, Quantities and Characteristics
The proposed Compost Facility will accept food waste from Davidson College
campus food services. Food waste will arrive on site in trash cans. Based on a bulk
density of 1, 500 pounds per cubic yard for food waste, the plant will accept 0.17
cubic yards of food waste per day.
The food waste will be composted with yard waste from campus landscape
maintenance operations. Yard waste is stored within the Davidson College Facilities
Maintenance Compound. Based on a bulk density of 400 pounds per cubic yard, the
plant will accept 0.625 cubic yards of yard waste per day.
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Davidson College Compost Facility Engineering Report
July 1, 2019
The characteristics of the food waste and yard waste are based on data listed in "On -
Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54,1992), Appendix A -Characteristics of Raw
Materials, Table A.1, included in Appendix A of this report.
Other materials that may be used in the compost process include the following;
• Untreated sawdust: for moisture control, leachate containment, or carbon source
• Ammonium Nitrate or Urea (fertilizer): as a catalyst for the compost process
• Recycled paper: as an alternative or additional carbon source
• Ag Lime: as an amendment to the compost mix
These materials will be stored in a covered area protected from rainfall and runoff.
6.2. Design Capacity
Composting computations are included in Appendix G.
The Compost Unit is designed to accept 250 pounds or 0.17 cubic yards of food waste
per day. Based on the compost mix design computations, approximately 250 pounds
of yard waste or 0.625 cubic yards of yard waste will be mixed with the food waste
prior to placement in the Compost Unit each day.
The design capacity for the Compost Facility is 500 pounds or 0.8 cubic yards
composted per day.
Over 12 months the Compost Facility will receive approximately 45.6 tons or 61 cubic
yards of food waste and 45.6 tons or 228 cubic yards of yard waste.
6.3. Design Ratios
Based on the Compost Mix Design Computation included in Appendix G, a ratio of
approximately 4 parts yard waste: 1 part food waste according to volume will be
used.
Samples of compost ingredients will be sent to North Carolina Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) for waste analysis testing prior to
composting to confirm the above design ratios.
6.4. Environmental Effects
6.4.1. Odor Control
The facility will not require odor control if proper operation is performed. The open
design of the Facility provides odor control. Buildings or barriers do not restrict
airflow at the site. The natural flow of air circulates throughout the facility. This
fresh air circulation provides sufficient control of negative odors occurring at the
facility.
Containers used to deliver food waste to the compost unit will be cleaned and stored
by Food Services personnel in Campus Food Services Kitchen.
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Davidson College Compost Facility Engineering Report
July 1, 2019
Food Waste will not be stored at the Compost Facility. Daily deliveries of food waste
will be placed directly in the Compost Unit. Food Waste that is not placed in the
Compost Unit on the day that it is delivered will be placed in covered solid waste
containers and removed from the facility by the Waste Hauler based on the normal
pick-up schedule. Food Waste collected during the weekend will be refrigerated
until the Compost Facility accepts the waste on the next business day, and no longer
than three (3) days.
Leachate spills around the Compost Unit will be contained and absorbed using saw
dust, mulch or compost material and placed back into the Compost Unit inlet.
Leachate spills at the Curing and Storage Facility will be contained and absorbed
using compost material from the storage bay that produced the leachate. The
leachate laden compost material should be placed back in the active composting area
(in vessel), rather than the static pile. This will help to avoid any contaminations of
curing compost.
6.4.2. Dust Control
The ground surface at the Compost Facility and Curing and Storage Facility will be
paved. Storage bins will be enclosed on three (3) sides by four (4) foot high walls and
covered with plastic tarps. Therefore facility operations will not generate a
significant amount of dust.
6.4.3. Noise
The Compost Facility site is isolated from the nearest commercial, residential and
other public access areas by the Davidson College Facilities Maintenance Compound.
Operations at the site will not produce more noise than normal operations within the
Compound.
6.4.4. Public Access
Public dumping will not be allowed at the site. The site will be fenced. A gate will
be provided that will be locked while the facility is not operating.
6.4.5. Proximity to Residential Areas
The nearest residential area is over 500 feet away from the Compost Facility.
6.4.6. Flood Protection
Compost Facility operations will be constructed above the 100-year flood elevation.
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Davidson College Compost Facility
July 1, 2019
Engineering Report
6.4.7. Lighting
Existing lighting located on the buildings within the Maintenance Compound is
sufficient.
6.5. Pathogen Reduction
The pathogens in the compost at the facility will be reduced by maintaining the
temperature within the composting unit at 550 C (1310 F) or higher for at least three
(3) consecutive days.
6.6. Vector Attraction Reduction
The primary method to discourage vectors (rats, flies, insects, birds) will be to place
the food waste material into the in -vessel composting unit as quickly as possible.
In addition to at least three (3) days in the composting unit at 55° C (1310 F) or higher,
the compost will be placed in a static pile in the Curing and Storage Facility. Vector
Attraction Reduction will be accomplished by maintaining the temperature within
the static pile at an average of 1130 F or higher for at least 14 consecutive days and no
lower than 104 0 F.
The static pile will be turned periodically to maintain oxygen levels within the pile.
6.7. Metering and Sampling
Measurement and sampling is described in the Operations Manual (Appendix H).
6.8. Chemical Addition
No chemicals will be added to the food waste or yard waste during treatment.
6.9. Concentrations
Not used.
6.10. Mode of Operation
Operation procedures are described in the Operation Manual (Appendix H). The
operation of the Compost Facility will be an in -vessel composting mode.
Food waste will be sorted, separated and pulped at the source (i.e. the College's
kitchens). The kitchen pulper will remove excess moisture from the food waste such
that material delivered to the Facility will not contain unabsorbed water. Yard waste
will be sorted, separated and mulched at the Davidson College Facilities
Maintenance Compound.
Food Waste and Yard Waste will be proportioned and placed in the Compost Unit by
trained personnel.
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Davidson College Compost Facility Engineering Report
July 1, 2019
The Compost Unit will operate continuously. The continuous rotation of the
Compost Unit drum will provide sufficient aeration of the compost. In addition, the
Compost Unit will include a mechanical aerator. Finished compost will be collected
at the discharge end of the Compost Unit and transported to the Curing and Storage
Facility. For the basis of this design, it is assumed that no cured compost is stored at
the Compost Facility.
The Compost Unit will be a Green Drum Model 512 manufactured by BW Organics.
The installation will include a five (5) horsepower twin -auger mixer, a two (2)
horsepower screw conveyor, and the rotating drum (1/4 horsepower, 5-foot
diameter by 12 feet long) constructed on a frame with wheels, Based on information
provided by BW Organics, the length of the compost process for this unit with the
waste quantities described in this report is approximately one (1) week. Finished
compost will be cured at the Curing and Storage Facility for at least 30 days, prior to
use in campus landscaping areas.
Cured compost, compost that has met Vector Attraction Reduction standards, will
not be mixed with compost from the Compost Unit. Cured and un-cured compost
will be stored in separate bins. Separate machinery, equipment, containers and tools
will be used to handle cured compost and un-cured compost to avoid cross -
contamination.
If a pile should be contaminated, the contaminated compost will need to undergo the
Vector Attraction Reduction process period again. Contaminated machinery,
equipment, containers and/or tools will need to be sterilized before use.
6.11. Corrosion Control
The ph of the material composted does not cause a corrosion concern.
6.12. Storage of Food waste
Food waste will be placed directly into the In -vessel Composting Unit upon delivery.
No untreated food waste will be stored at the Compost Facility. Food waste that is
not used in the Compost Facility will be placed in appropriate solid waste containers
and removed from the site by Davidson College's solid waste hauler.
6.13. Storage of Chemicals
No chemicals will be stored at the Compost Facility or the Curing and Storage
Facility.
6.14. Alternate Disposal Methods
Unacceptable waste will be removed from the compost batch immediately and
placed in an appropriate solid waste container. Unused food waste will be placed in
covered solid waste containers and removed according to the waste hauler's normal
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Davidson College Compost Facility
July 1, 2019
Engineering Report
6.14. Alternate Disposal Methods
Unacceptable waste will be removed from the compost batch immediately and
placed in an appropriate solid waste container. Unused food waste will be placed in
covered solid waste containers and removed according to the waste hauler's normal
pick-up schedule. Within 72 hours separate, store and remove other solid waste.
Within 1 year, separate, store and remove other recovered material. Use, remove,
recycle and/or dispose of all compost, food waste, solid waste and recyclables upon
cessation of operation of the facility.
The operation contingency for the Facility in case of equipment failure is to dispose
of food waste off -site and stockpile yard waste within the Davidson College Facilities
Maintenance Compound until the failed piece of equipment is repaired. Food waste
will be removed from the site by Davidson College's solid waste hauler;
Benfield Sanitation Services
282 Scott Creek Road
Statesville, North Carolina 28625
[phone]
Compost batches that fail to meet minimum testing standards or that are rejected for
use will be either re -run through the compost unit or removed from the site by
Davidson College's solid waste hauler.
The waste hauler's normal pick-up schedule is four (4) times per week.
In the case of an emergency, the Facility will cease accepting material until the
emergency measures have been implemented or the emergency is over.
6.15. Monitoring
Temperature and moisture content will be monitored daily, Monday through Friday.
Temperature will be measured by a thermometer installed in the compost unit drum.
Temperature in the static pile will be measured using a pile thermometer. The
temperature and time of each temperature reading will be recorded.
Moisture content will be measured by squeezing a handful of compost -in -progress.
If unabsorbed water can be squeezed out, then saw dust will be added to reduce the
moisture content. If the handful can not be formed into a ball, then water will be
added to the compost by means that incorporate appropriate backflow/
contamination prevention. If the compost forms a ball with no water escaping
through the fingers, then it is within acceptable moisture levels. Moisture content
will be measured initially prior to placing food waste into the Compost Unit.
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Davidson College Compost Facility
July 1, 2019
Engineering Report
6.16. Product Testing
Product testing of the finished compost will be required before the first batch can be
used. Additional product testing will be performed every 6 months or 20,000 tons,
whichever comes first. Product testing will include an NCDA&CS waste analysis, an
analysis for pathogens, and a test for foreign matter.
Testing for fecal coliform will be used for analysis of pathogen removal. The
maximum allowable fecal coliform is less than 1000 most -probable -number (mpn)
per gram.
Manual separation will be used to determine the percentage of foreign matter (trash,
plastic, metal, and glass) that exists in the final compost product. Foreign matter
content shall be determined by passing a dried, weighed sample of the compost
product through a one -quarter inch screen. EPA Method 160.3 shall be used to dry
the sample. The material remaining on the screen shall be visually inspected, and the
foreign matter that can be clearly identified shall be separated and weighed. The
weight of the separated foreign matter divided by the weight of the total sample shall
be determined and multiplied by 100. This shall be the percent dry weight of the
foreign matter content.
6.17. Record Keeping
The following records will be maintained during the project duration and for a
minimum of five years after;
1. Daily operational records must be maintained, which include, temperature data
(length of the composting period), and quantity of material processed;
2. Analytical results on compost testing;
3. The quantity, type and source of waste received;
4. The quantity and type of waste processed into compost;
5. The quantity and type of compost produced; and
6. The quantity and type of compost removed for use or disposal.
Records will be available for inspection by NCDENR personnel during normal
business hours and shall be sent to NCDENR upon request:
6.18. EPA Standards
Monitoring and product testing will be performed using EPA Standard Methods.
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Davidson College Compost Facility Engineering Report
July 1, 2019
7.0 Pavement Design
8.0 Utilities
The Compost Facility will be located on existing asphalt pavement within the
Davidson College Facilities Maintenance Compound.
Specifications for the impervious surfaces at the Compost Curing and Storage
Facility are included in construction plans for the Compost Facility.
Charlotte -Mecklenburg Utilities provides water service to Davidson College. An
existing private water line within the Davidson College Facilities Maintenance
Compound will serve the Compost Facility. A backflow prevention device will be
installed on the service.
The Compost Facility does not require sanitary sewer service.
Duke Power provides electrical service to Davidson College. An existing private
secondary underground electric line will be extended to provide power to the
Compost Facility. Emergency back-up power is not necessary for this Facility.
Existing site lighting within the Compound is sufficient for the Compost Facility.
The location of the existing utilities are shown on the construction plans for the
Compost Facility
9.0 Fire Protection
Fire protection will be provided by the Town of Davidson. The existing fire hydrant
located within the Davidson College Facilities Maintenance Compound will serve the
Compost Facility.
The location of the existing fire hydrant is shown on the construction plans for the
Compost Facility.
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Appendix A

On -Farm Composting Handbook Appendix A, Table A.1 - CORNELL Composting
Page 1 of 5
Back to the On -Farm Composting Handbook, Table of Contents
App. A Characteristics of Raw Materials
Table A.1
I 1 ype o
Material value
i residues and fruit/vi
e filter cake T ical
e pomace T ical
% N II C:N ratio
to
1.2 1 13
1.1 IF48
wastes
Moisture Bulk density
content % (Dounds Der
wet weight) I I cubic
1,197
1,559
Apple -processing Typical 2.8 7 59 1,411
sludge
Cocoa shell= 12.3 J122 18 J1798
Coffee rounds T ical - J120 - -
Corn cobs Ran e 0.4-0.8 56-123 9-18 -
Avera e 0.6 198 15 557
Corn stalks T ical 0.6-0.8 60-73 a 12 J132
Cottonseed meal 1 17.7 7 - -
Cranberry filter Typical 2.8 31 50 1,021
cake
with rice hulls 11.2 42 1171 J11,298
Cranberry plant Typical 0.9 61 61 -
stems, leaves
Cull otatoes T ical - J118 78 J11,540
Fruit wastes 1Ran e 0.9-2.6 20-49 62-88 -
Avera e 1.4 140 80 -
Olive husks T ical 1.2-1.5 30-35 8-10 I -
Potato -processing Typical - 28 75 1,570
sludge
Potato tops 11.5 J125 1 - -
Rice hulls Ran e 0-0.4 J1113-1120 7-12 185-219
Avera e 0.3 1121 14 202
So bean meal 1T ical 7.2-7.6 4-6 - -
Tomato -processing Typical 4.5 11 a 62 -
aste
Ve etable 12.7 19 87 1,585
Ve etable wastes 1T ical 2.5-4 11-13 - -
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On -Farm Composting Handbook Appendix A, Table A.1 - CORNELL Composting
Page 2 of 5
ish and meat processing
3lood wastes
slaughterhouse Typical 13-14 3-3.5 10-78
vaste and dried
Mood)
Crab and lobster Range 4.6-8.2 4.0-5.4 35-61 -
astes
Avera e 6.1 14.9 7 240
Fish -breading Typical 2.0 28 10 -
crumbs
Fish -processing ITypical 6.8 5.2 94 -
sludge
Fish wastes (gurry, Range 6.5-14.2 2.6-5.0 50-81 -
racks, and so onI j
vera e 10.6 13.6 76 -
✓lixed
laughterhouse Typical 7-10 2-4 - -
vaste
✓Iussel wastes 13.6 12.2 63 -
'oultry carcasses 12.4 b J15 1165 -
'aunch manure 11.8 20-30 80-85 J11,460
>hrimp wastes 19.5 113.4 78 -
µvianures
Broiler litter Ran e 1.6-3.9 12-15 a 22-46 756-1,026
vera e 2.7 114 a 37 11864
Cattle Ran e 1.5-4.2 11-30 67-87 1,323-1,674
Avera e 2.4 119 81 1,458
tie stall
free stall
race track
hens
Range 1.3-3.9 13-20 60-75 -
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On -Farm Composting Handbook Appendix A, Table A.1 - CORNELL Composting Page 3 of 5
Garbage (food Typical 1.9-2.9 14-16 69 -
waste
[Night soil T ical 5.5-6.5 6-10 Ik -
Paper from Typical 0.2-0.25 127-178 18-20 -
domestic refuse
Pharmaceutical Typical 2.6 19 - -
wastes
Refuse (mixed Typical 0.6-1.3 34-80 - -
food, paper,
vated
le
non -le
Ran e 2-6.9 5-16 72-84 1,075-1,750
T ical 5.6 16 - -
T ical 1.9 116 - -
T ical 1.2-1.4 38-43 a 65-68 Ik
Ran e 0.7-3.6 15-32 8-10 -
vera e 2.10 -
Ik
Ran e 1.8-3.6 15-19 -
-
Avera e 2.5 116 -
-
Ran e 0.7-2.5 -
-
-
vera e 1.3 132 -
-
Ran e 0.3-1.1 48-150 4-27 58-378
verage
0.7
80
12
227
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On -Farm Composting Handbook Appendix A, Table A.1 - CORNELL Composting Page 4 of 5
Ran e 0.10-0.41 116-436 - IF
Avera e 0.241 1223 - -
Ran e 0.04-0.39 131-1,285 - -
vera e 0.14 1496 - -
Corrugated Typical 0.10 563 8 259
cardboard
Lumbermil
10.13
170 -
-
Newsprint 1T
ical
0.06-0.14
398-852 3-8 195-242
Pa er fiber sludge
T ical
- J1250
1166 1140
Paper mill sludge
10.56 J154
181 -
Pa er pulp
10.59 J190
J11403
Sawdust
Ran e
0.06-0.8
200-750 19-65 350-450
Avera e
0.24
1442 39 11410
Tele hone
10.7
772 116 J1250
Wood chi s
T ical
-
- - 445-620
Wood -hardwoods
Ran e
0.06-0.11
451-819
- 1-
(chips, shavings, verage 0.09 560 - -
and so on
Wood -softwoods Ran e 0.04-0.23 212-1,313 - 3-
(chips, shavings, Average 0.09 641 - -
and so on
and wastes and other
clippings Ran e 2.0-6.0 9-25 - -
vera e 3.4 117 82 -
e T ical - - - 300-400
acted T ical - - - 500-800
es Ran e 0.5-1.3 40-80 - -
vera e 0.9 154 J38 -
e and dry 1- - - 100-300
Compacted and Typical - - - 400-500
moist
Seaweed Range 1.2-3.0 5-27 IF IF
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On -Farm Composting Handbook Appendix A, Table A.1 - CORNELL Composting Page 5 of 5
vera e 1.9 17 53 -
Shrub trimmings 11.0 J153 1115 29
Tree trimm 13.1 16 1170 1,296
Water hyacinth- Typical - 20-30 93 05
fresh
Note: Data was compiled from many references listed in the suggested readings section of this handbook
(pages 179-180). Where several values are available, the range and average of the values found in the
literature are listed. These should not be considered as the true ranges or averages, just representative
values.
a Estimated from ash or volatile solids data.
b Mostly organic nitrogen.
On Farm Composting Handbook. Table of Contents
Reprinted with permission from On -Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54). ©1992 by NRAES
(Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service). All rights reserved. For more information,
please contact NRAES at 607-255-7654, or [e-mail].
For specific comments related to this page, please contact the Cornell Waste Management Institute
(format and style), or Tom Richard (technical content).
This page was created on January 26, 1996
This page was last updated on March 2005
Cornell Science & Composting
Composting Engineering in Schools Resources
p g �g
Back t"to
Cornell Waste Management Institute ©1996
Dept of Crop and Soil Sciences
101 Rice Hall, Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853-5601
607-255-1187
cwmi(cDcornell.edu
http://compost.css.comell.edu/OnFarmHandbook/apa.tabal.html 04/08/2011

On -Farm Composting Handbook Table of Contents
Page 1 of 3
Back to the On -Farm Composting Handbook, Table of Contents
Chapter 3, pg 20. These pages are scanned images. We apologize for any difficulty you have in
reading them. You can purchase a complete copy of the On Farm Composting Handbook from NRAES.
http://compost.css.comell.edu/OnFarmHandbook/ch3.p2O.html 04/08/2011

On -Farm Composting Handbook Table of Contents
Page 2 of 3
R"wmaed wish pi miiAm fiat-
� Nft read Regila+Nl Agrpma=L Engimmmg &=vwc). ,4ii r on xe +piN ; Pat
caeucEN AES.(60"5-7654,or
SampteCalculation. Proportions. iContent,■
Alarmhncnrclwnname Lhaltrmayirasarnoswreoortlertcd7TI. GteareQNPat
whom forrramtromumbLmulgs &lt11mmoislureamlr*ndWn +C�o.m O.ie«(0.4x0•�S�
wnlmimvalawrgtlerapartntrrnKlornpomano.wd[me manor@neads C:N= -17.7
greaterparas,ry. Sawdumisay-aulawliiia ramoviurecorreruaa35%. N,&,n, +{41 x0.4G0721 -
Ammo mall the CAN raoaof aria mousse q& nu mare tnao 10r. 1 wrlh a Snce thgp solo i4 need the low and or ine accepkNe rarx)a and the
lrorogae Caraant u ann r1�t Itta Savreust has a C:N raw ar ahCut nxwgh a KxXrh N a at he high end (nE477Sj, mb imouhl Di sawdrr5l
KGA and a lrr4tt m wmwc of 0"11%. Deemr om an approprrak !%Wd Le irrfea9ep Ip raise thoCA rM.
MM09M ram.
81snang rntlenels to ire dewed mcltsWre oW oqc
wFo ntorwater=mWlswerghlxMwar$ow*M
w MOI! tr dry ffial r = V& s*+enght - w6W OF water
wav�M Ur r1r. lain (N)= wt%W of dry malBr x I%N + 1001
wnrghl bI carUM fC)= C:N raL6 x weight ON
1 pound cA wet mamffi GCnlanr5
WalEF i pound x 4.7 = 0.7 pounds
Dry metier 1 0"4 - QT = 0.39ouniis
N 0.3 x 0.06 : 0.018 pates
C 0j418 x 10 ■ 0.18 pounds
i p%Mw darrrp w&,l;ksl oor ms
wwr 1 pawed v 0 35 ■ 0 35 pounds
Ory mWWr 1 ,pwo -0 35 = D 65 p0urn05
N 0 46 % 0 0011 _ 0.00072 paunis
C O.WN2 % 5co = 4.36pour&
TrM T rsrura-COM rl Should not ezavd 60% For 1 pond of leer
Iwnathufe:
W8Kp d Waw In 1ltantu +werghl d water in wYld.181
iiC b"
0.74-10.35xS�
1 +S
vdhere 5 is;h@ arraunl of sawduat+nastlad
&AC = 0.8 (1 . a) _ 0-7 f 0.36 % S
1125 S = .t
S n (kApaundsaatiwdWpmpoundafmanurr
Nola" S e. iAculaaad from Lho abm* miabo 9 u&N a lift algebra.
srrt2'.hera ara only Min ffg6d0rtnlS_ 0. r5 alb} p[tiswici 10 pm rar S
using the shrAw dd•mu+ea Mt la61e 3.3 (page W. in this Casa. 5
wodd Ge me same as a rn tahlo 3.3lpage 191. Tr* manure would b@
rRp vnt2ahyb. T1mfws:
rrb-M 0.70-0.60
M -rty Yo-Q35
$ s d.# prw'nd5 d 6arrdc� riper paned of manure
20
Nondinq ma sW ftamred CA 'ADO
AVff,reamwtrcatsUawisavailabr which has amwrwewrrcntol
15%. a 0:N raa0 [d 128.1, aM a n1w)w contern of 4.3%. Esbrnale
dne dm4ur ae stmw nestled wnlh ft. ucken mdrwim la ab W n a miK
CA rdd] Di 25L
1 p4Jrw) of triineat " ggn-arns
Water l p]un0 M 0.15 = D.15 pounds
Dry Inanae 1 pounu-P 15 = 0.85 pouttls
N 0.85 x 0.003 = O.D026 powM
C 0.0426 x t28 = 0.33 pounds
The ousired C:N +olio $ 251" For 1 pound of wet manure:
IC in 1 paurd rnanlxel + S x �C A 1 Nurd Nfawy
C;N r = IN in II pmr4 r muital t S x iN In 1 pound Str w)
wM* S i9 ete anoum od Shaw needed
0.18+Bx(Om3
5 1pn gl$Wperpoundmmry
Mote- hg m. &Wr g"two ergredenl5 are iwlvetl. me 5Mr1Cul
Iolrnu4s at ianlo 3.3lpa,gre riM G'dr� �S4 be uSW to snikr,� nor $.
"A IF1-Fb1 I1-+rb1 6:6 0-101 ;1-4.701
5=a=elFkr-#i)I�1-nLM=0:3`Y.e(128- x;1-0.'.51
S = 1 pound
Chock Mrru rrraSlnnr94onkYrtil
1 wilds 8f � + h � r� �„'a9elr in
IAC =
. tLrtlAl xrgi4M
0.7+(tx0.IS)
uC= 2 = .425=42.5%
1 Ails maswre Cc+Mertt Is km Il u a srardeg mix, opoans, Use Brew
pirwraom and wm Ior rare to wat om pile lrisky)I add wafer to me
mix daftLty. Cocrease ('a arnourtk Di straw bed aw'N 8 IQW C N
race_ add dr-,2Lhe• darnp maler aI lD the nix: e• repMce;resleaw &qh
d r.e:lei argnrndmenl.
3h8pwf 3. Rrr MatlaneF.
Chapter 4, Page -24- FaOn Farm Composting Handbook. Table of Contents
http://compost.css.Cornell.edu/OnFarmHandbook/ch3.p2O.html 04/08/2011

On -Farm Composting Handbook Table of Contents Page 3 of 3
oil
Cornell Science & Composting Resources
Composting Engineering in Schools
Reprinted with permission from On -Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54). ©1992 by NRAES
(Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service). All rights reserved. For more information,
please contact NRAES at [phone], or [e-mail].
For specific comments related to this page, please contact the Cornell Waste Management Institute
(format and style), or Tom Richard (technical content).
Cornell Waste Management Institute © 1996
Dept of Crop and Soil Sciences
101 Rice Hall, Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853-5601
607-255-1187
[e-mail]
http://compost.css.comell.edu/OnFarmHandbook/ch3.p20.html 04/08/2011

Appendix B

1lymbllwelkl
Q2006: All documents and calculations including computer files, drawings, and spedfimbon prepared by Stewart Engineering, Inc. are Instruments
of professional service intended for one-time use. They are subject to copyright and other property right laws and shall remain the property
ofStewart Engineering, Inc. They are not to be copied, modified, or changed in any manner whatsoever nor assigned to a third party without prior
written permission of Stewart Engineering, Inc
O
LOCATION MAP
200 S COLLEGE ST
COMPOST FACILITY
Project No:
X8031.01
EXHIBIT:
SUITE720
CHARLOTTE, NC 28202
7 704.334.7925
F 704.334.7926
CS
FOR FOOD AND YARD WASTE
DAVIDSON COLLEGE
Scale:
NOT TO SCALE
www.stewart-eng-wm
Date:
01-15-09
S T E W A R T
fDAVIDSON
MECKLENBURGTOWN
NOR AROLINA
H
Checked By:
JRB

Appendix C

Appendix D

ZRE OUN TY
0 0
°
o(Do CeD2
+ + ; v • • . v
+ +++ 61/
++ ++
+ + + +++++.
+ ++++++
++++ ++++++ PaE
U NG ND' ++++++ ++++++ ++
+++++ ++++++ +++
........""' "+ STOR GE i
+++++ ++++
+++++++ ++++
++ + ++++ +++++
+++ ++++++ COMPOST k E
+ ++ +++++
+ ++ +++++
++++++ ++
' + " " " UNIT
++++ +++ ++++
+ + +++++++
++
+++ ++
° 0°°°° 0`
❑ °°°00000000000 °
°°°°°°
°°°°°°°°
°°°°°°°°
00000000000000000000000
°
000
0 0 00000
0 000000000000000�
°0 0°0°0°0°0°0°0°0
••,••0 00000000
............ :::.
o o°o0 000000000
0 0000°0°0°0°0°0°
o 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0°�0°
.. :o ° °°°°°°°°°°
o ° 00000000°
° r,� °°° °°°°°
CeD2 SOILS MAP
©2006: All documents and calculations including computer files, drawings, and specification prepared by Stewart Engineering, Inc. are instruments
of professional service intended for one-time use. They are subject to copyright and other property right laws and shall remain the property
ofStewart Engineering, Inc. They are not to be copied, modified, or changed in any manner whatsoever nor assigned to a third party without prior
written permission of Stewart Engineering, Inc.
200 S COLLEGE ST
COMPOST FACILITY
Project No: X8031.01
EXHIBIT:
SUITE 720
Scale: 1=300'
CHARLOTTE, NC zszoz
T 704.334.7925
F 704.334.7926
CS
FOR FOOD AND YARD WASTE
DAVIDSON COLLEGE
D
Date: 1-15-09
www.stewart-eng.com
S T E W A R T
TOWN of DAVIDSON
MECKLENBURG, NORTH CAROLINA
Checked By: ]RB

Appendix E

Appendix F

Yad1 ft
PROJECT LOCATION
0wrWe
'
�umfer'
Georg~
WATERSHED MAP
©2006: All documents and calculations including computer files, drawings, and specification prepared by Stewart Engineering, Inc. are instruments
of professional service intended for one-time use. They are subject
to copyright and other property right laws and shall remain the property
ofStewart Engineering, Inc. They are not to be copied, modified,
or changed in any manner whatsoever nor assigned to a third party without prior
written permission of Stewart Engineering, Inc.
200 S COLLEGE ST
COMPOST FACILITY
Project No:
X8031.01
EXHIBIT:
SUITE
Scale:
1"=300r
CHARLOTTE, 28202
T 704.334.79234.7925
OS
FOR FOOD AND YARD WASTE
F 704.334.7926
E
DAVIDSON COLLEGE
Date:
1-15-09
www.stewart-eng.com
S T E W A R T
TOWN of DAVIDSON
MECKLENBURG, NORTH CAROLINA
Checked By:
JRB

Appendix G

1/9/2009 Davidson College Compost Facility
Compost Mix Design
Davidson College wants to compost food waste, including plate scrapings from the campus cafeteria's. Based on data from On -
Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54, 1992), Appendix A. Characteristics of Raw Material, Table A. 1, "Garbage (food waste)"
has the following properties;
Moisture
% N C:N Ratio I Content % I Bulk Density
Both the moisture content and the nitrogen content are too high for optimum composting. Yard waste is available on site.
Based on Table A.1, the characteristics of yard waste vary depending on the available material. For example;
% N
d wei ht
C:N Ratio
wei ht:wei ht
Moisture
Content %
(wet wei ht)
Bulk Density
(p(pounds/ad)
Woods -softwoods (chips,
shavings, and so on)
0.09%
641
-
445-620
Sawdust
0.11%
500
35%
Leaves loose and d
0.9%
54
38%
100-300
Shrub trimmings
1 %
53
15%
429
Tree trimmings
3.1%
16
70%
1296
c� Vvask9NWWW
@MV 0,9V
226
40%Q�
400
Using a mixture/average of the above data, determine an appropriate composting recipe.
Optimum Moisture 60%
Optimum C:N Ratio 30 :1
Blendino materials to the desired moisture content
weight of water = total weight x moisture content
weight of dry matter = total weight - weight of water
weight of nitrogen (N) = weight of dry matter x (%N / 100
weight of carbon (C) = C:N ratio x weight of N
1 pound of Food Waste contains
Water
1 pound x 0.69
= 0.69 pounds
Dry Matter
1 pound - 0.69
= 0.31 pounds
N
0.31
x 0.025
= 0.0078 pounds
C
0.0078
x 15
= 0.1163 pounds
1 pound of
Yard Waste
contains
Water
1 pound x 0.4
= 0.4 pounds
Dry Matter
1 pound - 0.4
= 0.6 pounds
N
0.60
x 0.0009
= 0.0005 pounds
C
0.00054
x 226
= 0.122 pounds
MC =
moisture content
MC =
weight of water in
Food Waste + weight of water in Yard Waste
total weight
MC =
54.6%
=
0.69+(0.4xS)
1+S
S =
pounds of
Yard Waste
needed per pound of
S =
0.987
Food Waste
Q:\PROJECTS\2008\X8031 Davidson College Compost Facility\Compost Calculations

1 /912009
Davidson College Compost Facility
Compost Mix Design
Check the C:N ratio
0.12045
C:N = Total weight of C
=
0.11625 + ( 0.987 x 0.122)
Total weight of N
0.00775 + ( 0.987 x 0.001 )
0.00053
C:N = 28.58
Volume of Food Waste
Bulk Density =
1500
pounds per cubic yard
Weight =
1
pounds
Volume =
0.0007
cubic yards
=
0.0180
cf
Volume of Yard Waste
Bulk Density =
400
pounds per cubic yard
Weight =
0.987
pounds
Volume =
0.0025
cubic yards
=
0.0666
cf
Design Compost Recipe
4
parts Yard Waste
1
part Food Waste
Blending
materials for desired C:N ratio
C:N
= (C in 1 pound of
Food Waste ) + S x (C in 1 pound of Yard Waste )
(N in 1 pound of
Food Waste ) + S x (N in 1 pound of Yard Waste )
30
= 0.116 pounds + S x
0.122 pounds
0.008 pounds + S x
0.001 pounds
S
= pounds of Yard Waste
needed per pound of Food Waste
S
= 1.098 pounds
Check the mix moisture content
MC
= weight of water in Food Waste
+ weight of water in Yard Waste
total weight
MC
= 0.69 + ( 1.098 x
0.400)
2.098 pounds
MC = 54%
Volume of Food Waste
Bulk Density
Weight
Volume
Volume of Yard Waste
Bulk Density
Weight
Volume
Design Compost Recipe
4 parts Yard Waste
1 part Food Waste
= 1500
pounds per cubic yard
= 1
pounds
= 0.0007
cubic yards
= 0.0180
cf
= 400
pounds per cubic yard
= 1.098
pounds
= 0.0025
cubic yards
= 0.0675
cf
Q:\PROJECTS\2008\X8031 Davidson College Compost Facility\Compost Calculations

Appendix H

Davidson College
Compost Facility
For Permit Application
Operations Manual
July 1, 2019
CS.,
STEWART

Davidson College Compost Facility
April 8, 2011
Operations Manual
Executive Summary
This manual provides information on the operational procedures for the Davidson
College Pilot/Demonstration Composting Facility (Facility) in the Town of
Davidson, North Carolina. Davidson College operates the Facility. The Facility
receives food waste (material) from Davidson College food services Monday through
Friday from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., excluding major holidays.
The Facility accepts only food waste and yard waste. The Facility does not accept
domestic wastewater residuals, sludge, bio-solids, domestic septage, Class I waste,
source -separated recyclables, Class III wastes, C&D materials, hazardous waste,
industrial waste, ash waste or biological waste, and the Facility rejects such materials
at the point of delivery. Specific prohibitions are listed in Section 3 of this manual.
The Facility is an in -vessel composting operation consisting of a mixer, conveyor, and
composting drum with a separate Curing and Storage Facility. This facility is
classified by the NCDENR as a Small Type 3 Compost Facility. This facility will
produce Grade A Compost Product.
Applicable NCDENR rules for composting are included in Appendix A.
NCDENR Guidance for Compost Pilot/Demonstration projects is included in
Appendix B.
The Engineering Report for the Compost Facility includes additional valuable
information regarding the design operational parameters for the Facility.
This manual may be revised from time to time without notification.
x803101 draft 0&M Manual.doc

Davidson College Compost Facility
Operations Manual
April 8, 2011
Table of Contents
1.0
General Operations.............................................................................................1
1.1
Litter Control.........................................................................................1
1.2
Odor Control..........................................................................................1
1.3
Pathogen Control..................................................................................2
1.4
Vector Control........................................................................................2
1.5
Dust Control...........................................................................................2
1.6
Fire Protection and Control.................................................................3
1.7
Equipment Maintenance......................................................................
3
1.8
Leachate Control...................................................................................4
1.9
Operation and Maintenance Personnel..............................................4
2.0
Health and Safety Precautions...........................................................................5
2.1
Safety Training and Equipment..........................................................5
2.2
Employee Facilities...............................................................................6
2.3
Fire Protection........................................................................................6
2.4
Access Roads and Traffic Signs...........................................................6
2.5
Controlled Access..................................................................................6
2.6
Communication Devices......................................................................6
2.7
Potable (Drinking) Water.....................................................................
6
3.0
Waste Acceptance and Handling......................................................................
7
3.1
Acceptable Waste..................................................................................
7
3.2
Unacceptable Waste..............................................................................7
3.3
Measuring Procedures..........................................................................8
3.4
Waste Quantity Records.......................................................................8
3.5
Design Capacity.....................................................................................8
3.6
Removal and Disposal of Excess and Unacceptable Material .........
8
3.7
Larger Tree Trimmings.........................................................................9
4.0
Facility
Component Operations.........................................................................10
4.1
Composting Area Operations..............................................................10
4.2
Contingency Operations.......................................................................11
4.3
Operations Siting...................................................................................11
4.4
Stormwater Management.....................................................................11
4.5
Compost Moisture Control..................................................................11
5.0
Monitoring,
Sampling, Recordkeeping and Reporting..................................12
5.1
Temperature and Time.........................................................................12
5.2
Analytical Parameters...........................................................................12
5.3
Quality Assurance.................................................................................13
5.4
Organic Matter Content........................................................................13
5.5
Reduction of Organic Matter...............................................................14
5.6
Monthly Reports....................................................................................14
5.7
Annual Reports......................................................................................14
5.8
Recording and Reporting.....................................................................15
5.9
Classification of Compost....................................................................15
x803101 draft 0&M Manual.doc

Davidson College Compost Facility
April 8, 2011
Operations Manual
Appendices
A. 15A NCAC 13B.1400-Solid Waste Compost Facilities
B. Compost Pilots and Demos
x803101 draft 0&M Manual.doc

Davidson College Compost Facility
APRIL 8, 2011
Operations Manual
1.0 General Operation
This section describes the general operational procedures used at the Davidson
College Composting Facility (Facility). The following sections include litter, odor,
pathogen, vector, dust, and fire control methods used.
1.1 Litter Control
The facility operator will control litter at the facility by not allowing waste that
would generate litter into the facility. The operator will observe the site at least
weekly to ensure that litter has not accumulated. If the operator observes litter
during daily operational tasks, the operator will remove or have removed such litter
from the facility and dispose it of properly.
1.2 Odor Control
The facility will not require odor control if proper operation is performed. The open
design of the Facility provides odor control. Buildings or barriers do not restrict
airflow at the site. The natural flow of air circulates throughout the facility. This
fresh air circulation provides sufficient control of negative odors occurring at the
facility. The site is also isolated from the nearest commercial, residential and other
public access areas by the Davidson College Facilities Maintenance Compound
around the entire perimeter of the Facility.
Containers used to deliver food waste to the compost unit will be cleaned and stored
by Food Services personnel in Campus Food Services Kitchen.
Food Waste will not be stored at the Compost Facility. Daily deliveries of food waste
will be placed directly in the Compost Unit. Food Waste that is not placed in the
Compost Unit on the day that it is delivered will be placed in covered solid waste
containers and removed from the facility by the Waste Hauler based on the normal
pick-up schedule. Food Waste collected during the weekend will be refrigerated
until the Compost Facility accepts the waste on the next business day, and no longer
than three (3) days.
Leachate spills around the Compost Unit will be contained and absorbed using saw
dust, mulch or compost material and placed back into the Compost Unit inlet.
Leachate spills at the Curing and Storage Facility will be contained and absorbed
using compost material from the storage bay that produced the leachate. The
leachate laden compost material will then be placed back in the compost pile from
whence it came.
As incoming loads arrive at the Facility, the operator should place material into the
compost unit as quickly as possible so that proper aeration via turning can be
performed. Odor can also be minimized by proper management techniques, which
x803101 draft 0&M Manual.doc

Davidson College Compost Facility Operations Manual
APRIL 8, 2011
include good mixing of raw materials, avoiding overly wet mixes, monitoring
temperatures, and turning to aerate the materials regularly.
If the operator detects objectionable odors from the material, which the operator
determines is offensive, or if an individual complains of odors, the operator will
attempt to identify the source of the odor. If the operator can identify the source of
the odor and the source is a prohibited material, the operator should remove the
source and haul or have hauled the source to a permitted disposal facility. If the
source of the odor is the material in the compost unit, the operator should modify the
turning operation to increase the aeration of the material by turning the material
more often or forcing air into the unit. If the source can be identified as material
from a single source, the operator should notify the source of that material and
prohibit those materials from the source until the material can be reviewed to insure
that changes have been made to the make-up of the material that will prevent odor
generation (such as age, increase or decrease of particular ingredient).
1.3 Pathogen Control
The pathogens in the compost at the facility will be reduced by maintaining the
temperature of the compost at 55° C (131° F) or higher for 3 days or longer.
1.4 Vector Control
The primary method to discourage vectors (rats, flies, insects, birds) is to place the
material into the compost unit as quickly as possible. The heat generated by the
compost decomposition process repels potential vectors.
Following the period within the Compost Unit, the compost will be moved to the
Curing and Storage Facility where it shall be treated in a static pile for 14 days or
longer, during which the average temperature shall be higher than 450 C (1130 F) and
no less than 104 o F.
If the operator or workers identify vectors at the site, the location of the vectors
should be noted and the operation modified to increase the aeration to reduce odors
which might be generated and increase the temperature of the compost making it
less attractive to vectors.
1.5 Dust Control
The ground surface at the Compost Facility and Curing and Storage Facility will be
paved. Storage bins will be enclosed on three (3) sides by four (4) foot high walls and
covered with plastic tarps. Therefore facility operations will not generate a
significant amount of dust.
Moisture content is a controlled variable in the production of compost, and will be
measured and adjusted. Suitable control measures, i.e. the addition of moisture, will
be taken whenever dust becomes a problem. Face and dust masks will be available
to all personnel at the facility.
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The expected optimum moisture of the compost depends on the make-up of the
feedstock and is anticipated to be between 40 to 60 percent. The exact moisture
content will be experimented with during the start-up of the facility once the actual
material is being composted. The range will be reduced to 5 to 7 percent and then
that will be the target moisture content for the composting material. Moisture
content will be measured by squeezing a handful of compost -in -progress. If
unabsorbed water can be squeezed out, then saw dust will be added to reduce the
moisture content. If the handful can not be formed into a ball, then water will be
added to the compost by means that incorporate appropriate backflow/
contamination prevention. If the compost forms a ball with no water escaping
through the fingers, then it is within acceptable moisture levels. The moisture of the
compost will be adjusted to bring it to the optimum level for heat generation. The
moisture content will be kept on the lower end of the range as not to over -wet the
material.
Fire Protection and Control
Burning of waste is prohibited at the Facility. The following fire control procedures
are designed to ensure facility personnel know and are trained in these fire control
procedures. They are also to establish site operations that will minimize the
likelihood of uncontrolled fires, ensuring that any fires are confined to small areas.
On site fire control equipment will be used to control and extinguish fires as quickly
as possible. Fire Department equipment will be requested promptly if the fire cannot
be controlled using on -site equipment. Fire equipment maintained on site will
include, but not be limited to, a portable extinguisher designed for use on wood fires,
a portable general use extinguisher on all major pieces of operating equipment. A
stockpile of available soil will be maintained near the Facility to be used for
smothering any uncontrolled fires in the Compost Facility and/or Curing and
Storage Facility. A supervisor will be present at the site during all operating hours to
provide security and fire control surveillance. Heavy earthmoving equipment will
be available at the Facility during operating hours and may be used for fire
suppression if required.
In the event fire cannot be controlled using on -site equipment, the Town of Davidson
Fire Department will be contacted immediately at [phone] or 911. The location
of the Davidson Fire Station is 216 South Main Street, Davidson, NC 28036,
approximately 1.2 miles from the Facility.
1.6 Equipment Maintenance
Davidson College regularly maintains all on -site equipment used for operations.
Spare parts are either on -site or readily available in the event of an equipment
breakdown. A list of equipment and part suppliers is maintained at the Facilities
Office to assist in the ordering of parts or replacement of equipment components.
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Replacement equipment needed due to equipment failure can be obtained from local
equipment dealers. The replacement equipment will be either leased or rented until
the facility equipment is operational. The replacement equipment will be on site
within 24 hours of indications that the facility equipment will be down an extended
time period for repairs.
1.7 Leachate Control
The Facility will be maintained in a way that prevents storm water runoff from
entering receiving, processing and curing areas.
The compost process will be completely enclosed within the In -vessel Compost Unit.
The Compost Unit will be located on an operating surface of existing asphalt
pavement.
The finished compost will be placed in covered and walled storage bays on concrete
pavement.
Leachate will not be allowed to pond or drain off -site.
Leachate spills around the Compost Unit will be contained and absorbed using saw
dust, mulch or compost material and placed back into the Compost Unit inlet.
Leachate spills at the Curing and Storage Facility will be contained and absorbed
using compost material from the storage bay that produced the leachate. The
leachate laden compost material will then be placed back in the compost pile from
whence it came.
1.8 Operation and Maintenance Personnel
The following staff will be employed by the facility:
Facility Manager: Oversee incoming/ outgoing material and handle the billing,
payables, payroll, etc.
Operations Manager: Oversee and operate the facility on a day to day basis;
coordinate and manage incoming material and distribution of cured finished
compost. He/She is also responsible for operation/product issues.
Operation Laborer: Work in the compost facility daily; record temperature and
moisture; proportioning and mixing of material; load outgoing material.
The minimum number of staff to operate the facility will be 1, either the laborer or
operations manager. At least one operator shall be present at the site 8 hours/day, 5
days/week.
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2.0 Health and Safety Precautions
This section presents some facility health and safety precautions enacted to minimize
threats to employees' health and safety. The health and safety precautions described
in this section includes safety training, access to on -site facilities, fire protection
measures, access to and communication at the Facility. The site will be maintained to
provide a safe and secure working site for all employees.
2.1 Safety Training and Equipment
Facility employees shall be trained to and organized for efficient operation of the
facility. They shall be familiarized with the principles of first aid and the safety
precautions associated with the operation of the facility. New employees will be
trained under an experienced supervisor to familiarize them with operation of
equipment at the facility and how the facility is operated. First -aid supplies are
maintained at the Facility office at all times. All employees and workers are required
to wear safety equipment at all times including gloves and safety glasses. Any
accidents or injuries occurring at the facility must be reported to the facility manager
and documented on an accident report form.
A safety training program covering all aspects of site safety and proper equipment
operation as required by OSHA shall be conducted on a regular basis. The following
precautions and procedures will be employed at site:
• A safety manual should be available for use by employees, and
all employees will be trained in all safety procedures.
• Appropriate personal safety devices such as hard hats, gloves,
safety glasses, and footwear will be provided to employees.
• Appropriate safety devices such as roll -bars, seatbelts, audible
reverse warning devices and fire extinguishers will be provided
on equipment.
• Fire extinguishers will be provided for equipments and
buildings
• Communications equipment will be available onsite for
emergency situations.
• Work areas and access roads will be well marked to avoid on -
site vehicle mishaps.
Employees will be trained with regard to equipment hazards and the potential
conditions that cause accidents. All the equipment onsite will be regularly
maintained and operation checks will be conducted frequently. The employees will
be provided with annual health checkups and will be encouraged to maintain
personal hygiene.
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2.2 Employee Facilities
The Davidson College Facilities Maintenance Compound office building has
restrooms and hand -washing facilities. Drinking water fountains are provided in the
office building.
2.3 Fire Protection
The facility equipment will be equipped with fire extinguishers and fire hydrants as
required. The Town of Davidson Fire/Rescue Department will be called in case of
fire or an emergency.
Clean dry fill shall be maintained on -site at all times for fire suppression in the
composting and curing areas.
2.4 Access Roads and Traffic Signs
Stabilized access roads are provided and maintained by Davidson College to allow
for travel into the facility. Proper entrance and exit signs should be posted to ensure
safe traffic control, including separate areas for commercial and public access where
possible.
Signs should provide information on the operator of the site, the hours of operation,
emergency contact phone numbers, and materials that are and are not accepted at the
facility.
2.5 Controlled Access
The Compost Facility shall be fenced and the entrance to the site shall be gated and
locked when the Facility is closed. A sign will be placed at the entrance of the facility
clearly stating the name of the facility and the hours of operation. Access to the
facility is limited to the designated hours of operation and designated personnel.
2.6 Communication Devices
Communication at the facility among employees at different locations is
accomplished by cellular telephones and two-way radios. The Davidson College
Facilities Maintenance Compound office building shall be equipped with multiple
telephone lines and a facsimile line.
2.7 Potable (Drinking) Water
The potable water service to the facility is supplied by Charlotte Mecklenburg
Utilities Department (CMUD). The Davidson College Facilities Maintenance
Compound office building will be provided with water fountains. The potable water
will also be used for fire protection.
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3.0 Waste Acceptance and Handling
This section defines the waste accepted and not accepted at the facility and describes
the waste handling procedures used. The measurement of and tracking of the waste
received at the facility is also explained in this section.
3.1 Acceptable Waste
The Facility accepts food waste from on -campus food service operations and yard
waste from on -campus landscape maintenance operations only.
3.2 Unacceptable Waste
The pre and post consumer food waste is delivered daily to the compost facility and
processed at that time. The food waste is kept in refrigerated area prior to relocation
to compost facility.
The Facility does not accept domestic wastewater residuals, bio-solids, septage, Class
I waste, source -separated recyclables, C&D materials, hazardous waste, industrial
waste, ash residue, or biological waste, and such materials are rejected at point of
delivery, thereby classifying these items as unacceptable waste.
The best methods for avoiding contaminants include knowing the source of
materials, inspecting materials carefully before processing, and paying attention to
composting conditions. Balance between larger and smaller particles shall be
maintained and is essential. Too many fine particles will close off air channels and
reduce oxygen levels. Too many large particles will allow over reaction and cooling
of the pile. Over reaction will reduce moisture content through evaporation.
As the material is delivered to the facility, it will be inspected by at least one spotter.
Further inspection will occur when material is spot checked by a spotter as the
materials are being mixed. During each stage (receiving, mixing, processing, and
curing) spotters will remove unacceptable wastes. At least one trained spotter shall
be on duty at the facility at all times when waste is being received.
Unacceptable waste shall not be brought into the site by employees. If unacceptable
waste is by some chance brought to and left at the facility, the material will be loaded
and hauled to a permitted disposal facility immediately.
Compost batches that fail to meet minimum testing standards or that are rejected for
use will be either re -run through the compost unit or placed in solid waste containers
and removed from the site by Davidson College's solid waste hauler.
Specific Prohibitions:
No burning of solid wastes
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No Biomedical Waste
No Lead -Acid Batteries
No Used Oil
No White Goods
No Tires
No Mercury -containing devices
No liquid holding containers
No oily wastes, sorbents, oil -contaminated soils
No asbestos
Solid Wastes may not be stored in tanks, indoors, or in vehicles.
Compost cannot be used as fill in any water body, sinkhole or dewatered pit.
3.3 Measuring Procedures
All materials used at the Facility are required to be inspected and weight and volume
determined. The quantity of materials is used for planning and state reporting
purposes.
Materials will be measured at the Compost Unit prior to mixing and proportioning.
3.4 Waste Quantity Records
Records of the quantities of materials received at the facility are kept and maintained
at the facility office.
3.5 Design Capacity
Food Waste Accepted = 0.17 cubic yards per day (250 pounds
per day)
Yard Waste Accepted = 0.625 cubic yards per day (250 pounds
per day)
Volume Composted = 0.8 cubic yards per day (500 pounds per
day)
Material in excess of listed capacities will not be accepted.
3.6 Removal and Disposal of Excess and
Unacceptable Material
Unused food waste will be placed in covered solid waste containers and removed
according to the waste hauler's normal pick-up schedule. Within 72 hours separate,
store and remove other solid waste. Within 1 year, separate, store and remove other
recovered material. Use, remove, recycle and/or dispose of all compost, solid waste
and recyclables upon cessation of operation of the facility.
Compost batches that fail to meet minimum testing standards or that are rejected for
use will be either re -run through the compost unit or placed in solid waste containers
and removed from the site by Davidson College's solid waste hauler.
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3.7 Larger Tree Trimmings
Larger tree trimmings will not be accepted at the facility. If larger tree trimmings are
accepted they shall be removed and stored outside the composting area until they are
removed from the facility or cut (chipped/mulched) to an appropriate size for
composting.
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4.0 Facility Component Operations
This section describes the operations of the Facility. A contingency plan for Facility
operations is also provided.
4.1 Compost Facility Operations
The compost operations consist of an In -vessel Compost Unit and a Storage and
Curing Yard. The composting equipment consists of the compost unit, tractors,
loaders and trailers for hauling finished compost. The compost operations area is
approximately 0.34 acres.
Food waste will be sorted, separated and pulped at the source (i.e. the College's
kitchens). The kitchen pulper will remove excess moisture from the food waste such
that material delivered to the Facility will not contain unabsorbed water. Food
Waste is delivered to the Facility by Davidson College Food Service Personnel. The
material will be observed to insure that only food waste is delivered. All other
material is to be rejected. The Food Waste material is unloaded at the Facility and
immediately weighed, measured and loaded in the Compost Unit mixer component.
Yard Waste is sorted, separated, and stockpiled in the Facilities Maintenance
Compound by campus Facilities Personnel. The material is chipped and/or mulched
as needed to meet material size requirements.
Food Waste and Yard Waste will be proportioned and placed in the Compost Unit by
trained personnel whenever Food Waste is delivered to the Facility.
The Compost Unit will operate continuously. The continuous rotation of the
Compost Unit drum will provide sufficient aeration of the compost. Finished
compost will be collected at the discharge end of the Compost Unit and transported
to the Curing and Storage Facility. No cured compost is stored at the Compost
Facility.
The Compost Unit is a Green Drum Model 512 manufactured by BW Organics. The
installation includes a five (5) horsepower twin -auger mixer, a two (2) horsepower
screw conveyor, and the rotating drum (1/4 horsepower, 5-foot diameter by 12 feet
long) constructed on a frame with wheels, the length of the compost process for this
unit with the waste quantities described in this report is 3 days in the in vessel, and 4
weeks under roof in monitored win rows. Finished compost will be allowed to
mature at the Curing and Storage Facility for at least 30 days. Samples for analytical
testing will be obtained at this time.
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The compost will be classified before use. Once classified, the compost will be
removed from the curing area and stored until used by Davidson College
landscaping personnel.
Compost quantities will be measured by volume. Compost that does not meet the
classification requirements for use will be returned to the compost unit for additional
composting.
The purpose of the Facility is to produce Type A Compost.
4.2 Contingency Operations
The operation contingency for the Facility in case of equipment failure is to move and
turn the material with front-end loaders or other available equipment until the failed
piece of equipment is repaired. In the case of an emergency, the facility will cease
accepting material until the emergency measures have been implemented or the
emergency is over.
4.3 Operations Siting
Composting operations to be performed will not exceed minimal distance:
A. Of 500 feet from private and public potable water wells and property lines.
B. Of 100 feet from a body of water, natural or artificial.
C. Within 3000 feet from Class I waters.
D. In an area subject to frequent or periodic flooding.
E. In accordance with 15A NCAC 2B.0200, water quality standards applicable
to surface waters in North Carolina.
F. Of 25 feet between compost areas and swales or berms to allow adequate
access for firefighting equipment.
4.4 Stormwater Management
Runoff must be prevented from entering receiving, processing, curing or storage
areas. The site will be graded to minimize ponding in receiving, processing, curing
& storage areas.
4.5 Compost Moisture Control
The composting of the material will be ongoing until the minimal rule criteria are
met and the compost is mature. Moisture content will be measured by squeezing a
handful of compost -in -progress. If unabsorbed water can be squeezed out, then saw
dust will be added and/or air forced in to the unit to reduce the moisture content. If
the handful can not be formed into a ball, then water will be added to the compost by
means that incorporate appropriate backflow/ contamination prevention. If the
compost forms a ball with no water escaping through the fingers, then it is within
acceptable moisture levels.
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5.0 Monitoring, Sampling, Recordkeeping and
Reporting
5.1 Temperature and Time
Temperature will be measured in the drum by a thermometer installed in the
compost unit drum. Temperature in the static pile will be measured using a large
pile thermometer. The temperature in the static pile shall be measured 2 feet deep
into the pile. Temperature will be monitored daily, Monday through Friday, at
multiple locations during the composting process. Record the length of the
composting period. Keep records for at least 5 years.
5.2 Analytical Parameters
Product testing of the finished compost will be required before the first batch can be
used. Additional product testing will be performed every 6 months or 20,000 tons,
whichever comes first. Product testing will include an NCDA&CS waste analysis, an
analysis for pathogens, and a test for foreign matter.
A composite sample of the compost produced shall be analyzed for parameters
shown in the tables below:
Parameter
Unit
Method
Moisture
%
EPA 160.3
Total Nitrogen
% dry weight
EPA 351 and 353
Total Phosphorus
% dry weight
EPA 365
Total Potassium
% dry weight
EPA 3050/7610
Reduction in Organic Matter
%
EPA 160.4
Organic Matter
%
EPA 160.4
Ph
Standard Unit
EPA 9045
The following parameter limits shall never exceed the limits provided in the table
below:
Parameter
Monthly Average (m Dry Weight Basis)
Arsenic
41
Cadmium
39
Copper
1500
Lead
300
Mercury
17
Molybdenum
75
Nickel
420
Selenium
36
Zinc
2800
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Testing for fecal coliform will be used for analysis of pathogen removal. The
maximum allowable fecal coliform is less than 1000 most -probable -number (mpn)
per gram.
Manual separation will be used to determine the percentage of foreign matter (trash,
plastic, metal, and glass) that exists in the final compost product. Foreign matter
content shall be determined by passing a dried, weighed sample of the compost
product through a one -quarter inch screen. EPA Method 160.3 shall be used to dry
the sample. The material remaining on the screen shall be visually inspected, and the
foreign matter that can be clearly identified shall be separated and weighed. The
weight of the separated foreign matter divided by the weight of the total sample shall
be determined and multiplied by 100. This shall be the percent dry weight of the
foreign matter content. The maximum allowable foreign matter content shall be 6%.
Salt content in the compost product should be monitored due to the possibility of
high soluble salt levels in food waste that can be detrimental to some uses of the
compost.
5.3 Quality Assurance
Sample collection, preservation, and analysis shall assure valid and representative
results pursuant to an NCDENR approved quality assurance plan. Composite
samples shall consist of at least three individual samples of equal volume taken from
separate areas along the side of the pile of the compost produced. Each sampling
point shall be at a depth of two feet into the pile from the outside surface of the pile.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Methods 160.3,160.4, 351, 353 and 365
are contained in Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste,1979; EPA
Methods 3050, 7130, 7210, 7420, 7520, 7610, 7950 and 9045 are contained in Test
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods (EPA SW-846), 3rd
Edition, September 1986, updated December 1987; Standard Method (SM) 908 is
contained in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,16th
Edition,1985; Sampling shall be performed in accordance with guidance contained in
Chapter 9 of EPA SW-846 and Section 4.0 of Engineering Support Branch Standard
Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual, EPA Region IV, April 1,1986.
Analytical results shall be submitted to the appropriate District office within 30 days
of sample collection.
Sterile sampling techniques should be used to avoid false test results. Machinery,
equipment, containers and/or tools used to obtain samples for testing must be
sterilized before use.
5.4 Organic Matter Content
The organic matter is determined by measuring the volatile solids content using EPA
method 160.4.
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5.5 Reduction of Organic Matter
The reduction of organic matter is determined by comparing the organic matter
content of the feedstock into the composting process and the organic matter content
of the compost product. The amount of reduction is determined as a percent of the
original amount contained in the feedstock using the following calculation:
% ROM = [1- (OMK (100-OM)/OM (100-OMK))] 100 where % ROM = reduction of
organic matter, OM = % organic matter content of dry matter before decomposition,
and OMK = % organic matter content of dry matter after decomposition.
5.6 Monthly Reports
Facility owners or operators shall record and maintain for five years the following
information regarding their activities for each month of operation of the facility.
Records shall be available for inspection by NCDENR personnel during normal
business hours and shall be sent to NCDENR upon request.
• Analytical results on compost testing (only at 6 months or 20,000
tons);
• The quantity, type and source of waste received;
• The quantity and type of waste processed into compost;
• The quantity and type of compost produced by product
classification; and
• The quantity and type of compost removed for use or disposal,
by product classification, and the location or permitted disposal
facility.
5.7 Annual Reports
(Pilot/Demonstration Completion)
Owners and operators of facilities producing compost made from solid waste shall
submit to NCDENR an annual report upon completion of the Pilot/Demonstration
period.
• The facility name, address;
• Dates of Operation;
• The total quantity and type of waste received at the facility
during the year covered by the report (tons);
• The total quantity and type of waste processed into compost at
the facility during the year covered by the report (tons);
• The total quantity and type of compost produced at the facility,
by product classification, during the year covered by the report
(tons);
• The total quantity and type of compost removed for use or
disposal from the facility, by product classification, along with a
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general description of the location if for use during the year
covered by the report (tons).
Copies of all test results;
Monitoring records; and
A narrative explanation of why the project was a success or
failure.
5.8 Recording and Reporting
The following will be recorded and reported as required from the facility.
• Pollutant concentrations:
o Parameters like metal concentrations, salmonella sp. or
fecal coliform bacteria, percent solids, enteric viruses
and viable helemin ova (for certain pathogen
alternatives).
o Sampling records: Date and time of sample collection,
sampling location, sample type, sample volume, name of
sampler, type of sample container and methods of
preservation including cooling.
o Analytical Records: Date and time of sample analysis,
name of analyst, and analytic methods used.
o Raw Data: Laboratory bench sheets indicating all raw
data used in the analyses and the calculation of results
(unless a contract lab performed the analyses for the
preparer).
o Name of contract laboratory, if applicable.
o QA/QC sampling and analytical quality
assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures.
o Analytical results expressed in dry weight.
Management practice certification and description.
Pathogen reduction certification. The following information will
be recorded for the pathogens reduction at the facility:
o Analytical results of density of salmonella sp. bacteria or
fecal coliform (most probable number)
o Logs documenting temperature maintained at 55-600 C.
Vector attraction reduction certification. The following
information will be recorded for the vector attraction reduction
at the facility :
o Temperature (degree Celsius).
5.9 Classification of Compost
Compost shall be classified as follows: Type A is compost made from solid waste,
other than only yard trash and manure, which is mature and is fine. The foreign
matter content shall be less than or equal to 2%, and the metal concentration shall fall
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under code 1. Further, it shall contain no foreign matter, such as glass or metal
shards, of a size and shape that can cause injury.
Compost shall be classified based on the type of waste processed, product maturity,
the amount of foreign matter in the product, the particle size and organic matter
content of the product, and the concentration of heavy metals as specified in the
following sections. The following characteristics shall be used:
• Type of waste processed
o Yard trash only
o Manure or yard trash with manure
o Solid waste, other than only yard trash or manure.
• Product maturity
o Mature
o Semi -mature
o Fresh
• Foreign matter content
o <=2% dry weight
o >2%, but <=4% dry weight
o >4%, but <=6% dry weight
• Particle size, using the screen size that the compost passed
through. Organic matter content shall be associated with
particle size.
o Fine: <=10mm, and an organic matter content of >=25%
o Medium: <15mm, and an organic matter content of
>=30%
o Coarse: <25mm, and an organic matter content of >=35%
Metal Concentration Code 1
o Cadmium <39 mg/kg dry weight
o Copper <1500 mg/kg dry weight
o Lead <300 mg/kg dry weight
o Molybdenum < **/kg dry weight (** under review by EPA)
o Nickel <420 mg/kg dry weight
o Zinc <2800 mg/kg dry weight
Compost maturity shall be determined as follows:
o Mature compost is highly stabilized compost material
that has been exposed to prolonged periods of
decomposition. It will not reheat upon standing to
greater than 20°C above ambient temperature. It has
beneficial use and can be used in direct contact with
roots. The material should be brown to black in color.
This level of maturity is indicated by a reduction of
organic matter of greater than 60%.
o Semi -mature compost is compost material that is at the
mesophilic stage. It will reheat upon standing to greater
than 20°C above ambient temperature. It has beneficial
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use, although direct contact with roots should be
avoided. The material should be a light to dark brown
in color. This level of maturity is indicated by a
reduction of organic matter of greater than 40% but less
than or equal to 60%.
o Fresh compost is compost material that has been
through the thermophilic stage and has undergone
partial decomposition. The material will reheat upon
standing to greater than 20°C above ambient
temperature. It has beneficial use, but proper care is
needed as further decomposition and stabilization will
occur. The material should be similar in texture and
color to the feed stock into the composting process. This
level of maturity is indicated by a reduction of organic
matter of greater than 20% but less than or equal to 40%.
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Appendix A
15A NCAC 1313.1400-Solis Waste Compost Facilities
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SECTION .1400 - SOLID WASTE COMPOST FACILITIES
15A NCAC 13B .1401 REQUIREMENT FOR PERMIT
(a) All persons whose purpose is or includes the production of compost from solid waste or solid waste co -composted with
other wastes shall not construct, operate, expand or modify a facility until a currently valid permit for a solid waste compost
facility is issued by the Division. This provision also applies to facilities that accept, store, or produce compost or mulch from
yard waste or from residues from agricultural products and processing. General Provisions, Siting, design, application,
operational, distribution, and reporting requirements shall be in accordance with Rules .1402, .1403, .1404, .1405, .1406,
.1407, and .1408 of this Section.
(b) Plans for a Large Type 3 or Type 4 Solid Waste Compost Facility Permit, or a permit for any facility located over a
closed out disposal area shall be submitted in accordance with Rule .0201(a)(3) of this Subchapter. A minimum of four sets
of plans shall be submitted within each application.
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-294; 130A-309.03; 130A-309.11; 130A-309.29;
Eff. December 1, 1991;
Amended Eff. May 1, 1996.

15A NCAC 13B .1402 GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR SOLID WASTE COMPOST FACILITIES
(a) Applicability. The provisions of this Rule apply to compost facilities that compost solid waste or co -compost solid waste
with sludges that are not classified as a solid waste, functioning as a nutrient source. Facilities that co -compost with sewage
sludge shall comply with all applicable Federal regulations regarding sludge management at 40 CFR 501 and 503. 40 CFR
503, subpart B is hereby incorporated by reference, including subsequent amendments or additions. Copies of the Code of
Federal Regulations may be obtained from the Solid Waste Section at 401 Oberlin Road, Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27605 at no
cost.
(b) The provisions of this Section do not apply to compost facilities that compost sludge with municipal solid waste
functioning only as a bulking agent.
(c) Solid Waste Compost Facilities that have been permitted prior to the effective date of this Rule shall meet the
requirements of this Section within one year of the effective date of this Rule, or, within two years if more than one hundred
thousand dollars ($100,000) of capital investment is necessary to comply with changes.
(d) Solid waste compost produced outside the State of North Carolina and imported into the state shall comply with the
requirements specified in Rule .1407 of this Section.
(e) Compost that is disposed shall not count toward waste reduction goals.
(f) Solid waste compost facilities shall be classified based on the types and amounts of materials to be composted.
(1) Type 1 facilities may receive yard and garden waste, silvicultural waste, untreated and unpainted wood
waste or any combination thereof.
(2) Type 2 facilities may receive pre -consumer meat -free food processing waste, vegetative agricultural waste,
source separated paper or other source separated specialty wastes, which are low in pathogens and physical
contaminants. Waste acceptable for a Type 1 facility may be composted at a Type 2 facility.
(3) Type 3 facilities may receive manures and other agricultural waste, meat, post consumer -source separated
food wastes and other source separated speciality wastes or any combination thereof that are relatively low
in physical contaminants, but may have high levels of pathogens. Waste acceptable for a Type 1 or 2
facility may be composted at a Type 3 facility.
(4) Type 4 facilities may receive mixed municipal solid waste, post collection separated or processed waste,
industrial solid waste, non solid waste sludges functioning as a nutrient source or other similar compostable
organic wastes or any combination thereof. Waste acceptable for a Type 1, 2 or 3 facility may be
composted at a Type 4 facility.
(5) The listed waste types in Subparagraph (f)(2) of this Rule shall be considered to be low in pathogens and
physical contaminants if handled so as to prevent development of contaminants or exposure to physical
contamination. The listed waste types in Subparagraph (f)(3) of this Rule are likely to have high pathogens
and low physical contamination. In determining whether a specific waste stream is acceptable for
composting in a Type 2 or Type 3 facility, the Division shall consider the method of handling the waste
prior to delivery to the facility as well as the physical characteristics of the waste. Testing for pathogens
and physical contaminants may be required where a determination cannot be made based upon prior
knowledge of the waste. Test methods shall be in accord with Appendices A and B to Table 3.
(6) Small facilities are those that receive less than 1000 cubic yards of material for composting per quarter, and
occupy less than two acres of land, except that a Small Type 1 facility shall process or store less than 6,000
cubic yards of material per quarter.
(7) Large facilities are those that receive 1000 cubic yards or more of material for composting per quarter or
occupy two acres or more of land, except that a Large Type 1 facility shall process or store more than 6,000
cubic yards of material per quarter.
(g) A permit is not required for the following operations:
(1) Backyard Composting.
(2) Farming operations and silvicultural operations where the compost is produced from materials grown on
the owner's land and re -used on the owner's land or in his associated farming operations and not offered to
the public.
(3) Small Type 1 Facilities meeting the following conditions:
(A) Notification of the Solid Waste Section prior to operation and on an annual basis as to:
(i) Facility location;
(ii) Name, address and phone number of owner and operator;
(iii) Type and amount of wastes received;
(iv) Composting process to be used; and
(v) Intended distribution of the finished product.

(B) Agreement to operate in accordance with operational requirements as set forth in Rule and the
setbacks in Rule .1404(a)(1) - (9) of this Section.
(C) Facility operates in accordance with all other state or local laws, ordinances, rules, regulations or
orders.
(D) Facility is not located over closed -out disposal site.
(E) Safety measures are taken to prevent fires and access to fire equipment or fire fighting services is
provided.
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-294; 130A-309.03; 130A-309.11; 130A-309.29;
Eff. December 1, 1991;
Amended Eff. May 1, 1996.

15A NCAC 13B .1403 GENERAL PROHIBITIONS FOR SOLID WASTE COMPOST FACILITIES
(a) Neither hazardous waste nor asbestos containing waste shall be accepted at a facility or processed into compost.
(b) Household hazardous waste shall not be accepted by a facility, except in an area designated by facility site plans for
storage, and shall not be processed into compost.
(c) Any compost made from solid waste which cannot be used pursuant to the requirements of this Rule shall be reprocessed
or disposed of pursuant to the requirements of 15A NCAC 13B.
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-294; 130A-309.03; 130A-309.11; 130A-309.29;
Eff. December 1, 1991;
Amended Eff. May 1, 1996.

15A NCAC 13B .1404 SITINGDESIGN REQtEMENTS FOR SOLID WASTE COMPOST FACILITIES
(a) A site shall meet the following requirements at the time of initial permitting and shall continue to meet these requirements
throughout the life of the permit only on the property owned or controlled by the applicant or by the landowner(s) at the time
of permitting:
(1) A site located in a floodplain shall not restrict the flow of the 100-year flood; reduce the temporary storage
capacity of the floodplain; or result in washout of solid waste so as to pose a hazard to human life, wildlife,
land or water resources;
(2) A 100-foot minimum buffer is required between all property lines and compost areas for Type 3 and 4
facilities, 50-foot for Type 1 or 2 facilities;
(3) A 500-foot minimum buffer is required between compost areas and residences or dwellings not owned and
occupied by the permittee, except that Type 1 and Small Type 2 and 3 facilities shall have a 200-foot
minimum buffer;
(4) A 100-foot minimum buffer is required between all wells and compost areas, except monitoring wells;
(5) A 50-foot minimum buffer is required between perennial streams/rivers and compost areas;
(6) A compost facility shall be located in accordance with 15A NCAC 2B .0200, Classification and Water
Quality Standards Applicable to Surface Waters in North Carolina;
(7) All portions of any compost facility located over a closed -out disposal area shall be designed with a pad
adequate to protect the disposal area cap from being disturbed, as defined in Part (a)(10)(E) of this Rule,
and there shall be no runoff from the pad onto the cap or side slopes of the closed out area;
(8) A 25-foot minimum distance is required between compost areas and swales or berms to allow for adequate
access of fire fighting equipment;
(9) A site shall meet the following surface water requirements:
(A) A site shall not cause a discharge of materials or fill materials into waters or wetlands of the state
that is in violation of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act;
(B) A site shall not cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the state that is in violation of the
requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), under Section
402 of the Clean Water Act; and
(C) A site shall not cause non -point source pollution of waters of the state that violates assigned water
quality standards;
(10) A site shall meet the following groundwater requirements:
(A) A site shall not contravene groundwater standards as established under 15A NCAC 2L;
(B) Portions of a site used for waste receipt and storage, active composting, and curing shall have a
soil texture finer than loamy sand and the depth to the seasonal high water table shall be
maintained at least 12 inches for a Type 1 or 2 facility and 24 inches for a Type 3 facility, unless a
pad is provided;
(C) A pad shall be provided for portions of a Type 4 facility used for waste receiving and storage,
active composting, and curing;
(D) A pad is not required for storage of finished product that is dried so as to pass the Paint Filter
Liquids Test (EPA Method 9095), and for which the storage area is prepared in such a manner
that water does not collect around the base of the stored material, and where the depth to the
seasonal high watertable is maintained at least 12 inches; and
(E) The linear coefficient of permeability of pads required in accordance with this Rule shall not be
greater than 1 x 10(-7) centimeters per second. If natural soils are used, the liner must be at least
18 inches thick.
(b) For Subparagraphs (a)(2) through (a)(4) and Part (a)(10)(B) of this Rule, (dependent upon waste type, facility design, and
regional topography) alternative minimum buffers or requirements may be increased if deemed necessary by the Division in
order to protect public health and the environment or to prevent the creation of a nuisance.
(c) A site shall meet the following design requirements:
(1) A site shall not allow uncontrolled public access;
(2) A site shall meet the requirements of the Sedimentation Pollution Control Law (15A NCAC 4);
(3) A site shall meet the requirements of the Air Pollution Control Requirements (15A NCAC 2D) to minimize
fugitive emissions and odors; and
(4) A site shall be designed to minimize odors at the property boundary.
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-294; 130A-309.03; 130A-309.11; 130A-309.29;

Eff. December], 1991; Amended
Eff. May 1, 1996

15A NCAC 13B .1405 APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLID WASTE COMPOST FACILITIES
(a) The following information is required for an application for a permit to construct and operate a proposed Type 1, or a
Small Type 2 or 3 solid waste compost facility; unless the permitting requirements are exempted by Paragraph (g) of Rule
.1402 of this Section:
(1) An aerial photograph or scaled drawing, where one inch is less than or equal to 400 feet, accurately
showing the area within one-fourth mile of the proposed site's boundaries with the following specifically
identified:
(A) Entire property owned or leased by the person proposing the facility;
(B) Location of all homes, wells, industrial buildings, public or private utilities; roads; watercourses;
dry runs; and other applicable information regarding the general topography within 500 feet of the
proposed facility; and
(C) Land use zoning of the proposed site.
(2) A letter from the unit of government having zoning jurisdiction over the site which states that the proposed
use is allowed within the existing zoning, if any, and that any necessary zoning approval or permit has been
obtained.
(3) An explanation of how the site complies with siting and design standards in Rule .1404 of this Section.
(4) A detailed report indicating the following:
(A) Waste type(s), source and estimated quantity of the solid waste to be composted, including the
source and expected quantity of any bulking agent or amendment (if applicable), any expected
recycle of bulking agent or compost, and any seasonal variations in the solid waste type or
quantity; and
(B) For facilities that utilize natural soils as a pad, a soil evaluation of the site conducted by a soil
scientist down to a depth of four feet, or to bedrock or evidence of a seasonal high watertable, to
evaluate all chemical and physical soil properties and depth of the seasonal high water table.
(5) Site plan at a scale where one inch is less than or equal to 100 feet to the inch that delineates the following:
(A) Existing and proposed contours, at intervals appropriate to the topography;
(B) Location and elevations of dikes, trenches, and other water control devices and structures for the
diversion and controlled removal of surface water;
(C) Designated setbacks and property lines;
(D) Proposed utilities and structures; and
(E) Areas for unloading, processing, active composting, curing, and storing of material.
(6) A description of the operation of the facility, which must include at a minimum:
(A) Name, address and phone number for the person responsible for the operation of the facility;
(B) List of personnel required and the responsibilities of each position;
(C) Operation plan for the facility;
(D) Special precautions or procedures for operating during wind, heavy rain, snow, freezing or other
adverse conditions;
(E) A description of actions to be taken to minimize noise, vectors, air borne particulates, and odors;
and
(F) A description of the ultimate use for the finished compost, method for removal from the site, and
a contingency plan for disposal or alternative usage of residues or finished compost that cannot be
used in the expected manner due to poor quality or change in market conditions.
(7) A report on the design of the facility, including:
(A) Design capacity of the facility;
(B) A process flow diagram of the entire facility, including the type, size, and location of all major
equipment, and feedstock flow streams. The flow streams shall indicate the quantity of materials
on a wet weight and volumetric basis;
(C) The means for measuring, shredding, mixing, and proportioning input materials;
(D) Anticipated process duration, including receiving, preparation, composting, curing, and
distribution;
(E) A description of the location of all temperature, air and any other type of monitoring points, and
the frequency of monitoring;
(F) A description of how the temperature control and monitoring equipment will demonstrate that the
facility meets the requirements in Rule .1406 Items (10), (11), or (12) of this Section, as
appropriate for the feedstock;

(G) The method of aeration provided and the capacity of aeration equipment; and
(H) A description of the method to control surface water run-on and run-off; and the method to
control, collect, treat, and dispose of leachate generated.
(8) A description of the label or other information source that meets the requirements of Rule .1407(k) of this
Section.
(9) Plans and specifications for the facility, including manufacturer's performance data for all equipment
selected.
(10) A detailed operation and maintenance manual outlining:
(A) A quality assurance plan for the process and final product which lists the procedures used in
inspecting incoming material; monitoring, sampling and analyzing the compost process and final
product, testing schedule, and recordkeeping requirements;
(B) Contingency plans detailing corrective or remedial action to be taken in the event of equipment
breakdown; non -conforming waste delivered to the facility; spills, and undesirable conditions
such as fires, vectors and odors; and
(C) An explanation of how the facility will comply with operational requirements as outlined in Rule
.1406 of this Section, detailed operational information and instruction, an outline of reports to be
submitted in compliance with this Section, and safety instructions.
(11) As built drawings where applicable.
(b) The following information is required for an application for a permit to construct a proposed Large 2 or 3 or a Type 4
solid waste compost facility:
(1) An aerial photograph or scaled drawing, where one inch is less than or equal to 400 feet, accurately
showing the area within one-fourth of the mile of the proposed site's boundaries with the following
specifically identified:
(A) Entire property owned or leased by the person proposing the site;
(B) Location of all homes, wells, industrial buildings, public or private utilities and roads,
watercourses, dry runs, and other applicable information regarding the general topography within
one-fourth mile; and
(C) Land use and zoning of the proposed site.
(2) A letter from the unit of government having zoning jurisdiction over the site which states that the proposed
use is allowed within the existing zoning, if any, and that any necessary zoning approval or permit has been
obtained.
(3) An explanation of how the site complies with siting and design standards in Rule .1404 of this Section.
(4) A detailed report indicating the following:
(A) Waste type(s), source and quantity of the solid waste to be composted, including the source and
expected quantity of any bulking agent or amendment (if applicable), any expected recycle of
bulking agent or compost, and any seasonal variations in the solid waste type or quantity;
(B) For facilities which utilize natural soils as a pad, a soil evaluation of the site conducted by a soil
scientist down to a depth of four feet or to bedrock or evidence of a seasonal high water table, to
evaluate all chemical and physical soil properties and depth of the seasonal high water table.
(5) Site plans at a scale where one inch is less than or equal to 100 feet to the inch that delineates the
following:
(A) Existing and proposed contours, at intervals appropriate to the topography;
(B) Location and elevations of dikes, trenches, and other water control devices and structures for the
diversion and controlled removal of surface water;
(C) Designated setbacks, buffer zones and property lines;
(D) Proposed utilities and structures;
(E) Access roads, details on traffic patterns;
(F) Areas for unloading, processing, active composting, curing, and storage of material;
(G) Areas for unloading, processing, and storing recyclables, household hazardous waste, and other
materials, where applicable;
(H) Proposed surface and groundwater monitoring locations;
(I) Flood plains and wetlands; and
O Benchmarks.
(6) A description of the operation of the facility, which must include at a minimum:
(A) Name, address and phone number for the person responsible for the operation of the facility;

(B) Operation plan for the facility;
(C) List of personnel required and the responsibilities of each position;
(D) A schedule for operation, including days and hours that the facility will be open, preparations
before opening, and procedures to be followed after closing for the day;
(E) For mixed waste processing facilities, plan for removing and disposal of household hazardous
waste from the waste stream;
(F) Special precautions or procedures for operating during wind, heavy rain, snow, freezing or other
adverse conditions;
(G) A description of actions to be taken to minimize noise, vectors, air borne particulates, and odors;
and
(H) A description of the ultimate use for the finished compost, method for removal from the site, and
a contingency plan for disposal or alternative usage of residues or finished compost that cannot be
used in the expected manner due to poor quality or change in market conditions.
(7) A report on the design of the facility, including:
(A) Design capacity of the facility;
(B) A process flow diagram of the entire facility, including the type, size, and location of all major
equipment, and feed stock flow streams. The flow streams shall indicate the quantity of material
on a wet weight and volumetric basis;
(C) A description and sizing of the storage facilities for amendment, bulking agent, solid waste,
recyclables, household hazardous waste and finished compost;
(D) The means for measuring, shredding, mixing, and proportioning input materials;
(E) Anticipated process duration, including receiving, preparation, composting, curing, and
distribution;
(F) The separation, processing, storage, and ultimate disposal of non-compostable materials, if
applicable;
(G) A description of the location of all temperature, air and any other type of monitoring points, and
the frequency of monitoring;
(H) A description of how the temperature control and monitoring equipment will demonstrate that the
facility meets the requirements in Rule .1406 Items (10), (11), or (12) of this Section, as
appropriate for the feedstock;
(I) The method of aeration, including turning frequency or mechanical aeration equipment and
aeration capacity;
(J) A description of the air emission and control technologies;
(K) A description of the method to control surface water run-off; and the method to control, collect,
treat, and dispose of leachate generated; and
(L) A description of any recycling or other material handling processes used at the facility.
(8) A description of the label or other information source that meets the requirements of Rule .1407(k) of this
Section.
(9) Engineering plans and specifications for the facility, including manufacturer's performance data for all
equipment selected.
(c) The following information is required for reviewing an application for a permit to operate a Type 4 or Large Type 2 or 3
solid waste composting facility:
(1) Contingency plans detailing corrective or remedial action to be taken in the event of equipment breakdown;
air pollution; non -conforming waste delivered to the facility; spills, and undesirable conditions such as
fires, particulates, noise, vectors, odors, and unusual traffic conditions;
(2) A detailed operation and maintenance manual. The manual must contain general design information, a
discussion of compliance with operational requirements as outlined in Rule .1406 of this Section, detailed
operational information and instruction, equipment maintenance, list of personnel, required personnel
training, outline of reports to be submitted in compliance with this Section, and safety instructions;
(3) A quality assurance plan for the process and final product which lists the procedures used in inspecting
incoming materials; monitoring, sampling and analyzing the compost process and final product, testing
schedule, and record keeping requirements;
(4) A fact sheet and process flow diagram that summarizes actual equipment sizing, aeration capacity,
detention times, storage capacity, and flow rates (wet weight and volumetric) for the system and equipment
chosen;

(5) As -built drawings;
(6) A copy of all applicable local, state, and Federal permits and approvals necessary for the proper operation
of the facility; and
(7) Product marketing and distribution plan.
(d) An application for a permit modification shall be required for changes in facility ownership, an increase in facility
capacity, or the addition of new feedstock materials.
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-294; 130A-309.03; 130A-309.11; 130A-309.29;
Eff December 1, 1991;
Amended Eff.' May 1, 1996.

15A NCAC 13B .1406 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLID WASTE COMPOST FACILITIES
Any person who maintains or operates a solid waste compost facility shall maintain and operate the site to conform with the
following practices:
(1) Plan and Permit Requirements:
(A) Construction plans and conditions of permit shall be followed; and
(B) A copy of the permit, plans, and operational reports shall be maintained on site at all times.
(2) Adequate erosion control measures shall be practiced to prevent on -site erosion and to control the
movement of silt or contaminants from the site.
(3) Surface water shall be diverted from the operational, compost curing, and storage areas.
(4) Leachate shall be contained on site treated to meet the standards of the off -site disposal method.
(5) Access and Security Requirements:
(A) Large sites shall be secured by means of gates, chains, berms, fences, or other security measures
demonstrated to provide equivalent protection approved by the Division, to prevent unauthorized
entry.
(B) An operator shall be on duty at the site at all times while the facility is open for public use to
ensure compliance with operational requirements and access to such facilities shall be controlled.
(C) The access road to the site shall be of all-weather construction and maintained in good condition.
(6) A site shall only accept those solid wastes that it is permitted to receive.
(7) Safety Requirements:
(A) Open burning of solid waste is prohibited.
(B) Equipment shall be provided to control accidental fires and arrangements made with the local fire
protection agency to immediately provide fire -fighting services when needed.
(C) Personnel training shall be provided to insure that all employees are trained in site specific safety,
remedial, and corrective action procedures.
(8) Sign Requirements:
(A) Signs providing information on waste that can be received, dumping procedures, the hours during
which the site is open for public use, the permit number and other pertinent information shall be
posted at the site entrance.
(B) Traffic signs/markers shall be provided as necessary to promote an orderly traffic pattern to and
from the discharge area and to maintain efficient operating conditions.
(C) Signs shall be posted stating that no hazardous waste, asbestos containing waste, or medical waste
can be received at the site.
(9) Monitoring Requirements:
(A) Specified monitoring and reporting requirements shall be met.
(B) The temperature of all compost produced shall be monitored sufficiently to ensure that the
pathogen reduction criteria is met.
(10) Compost process at Type 1 facilities shall be maintained at or above 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees F) 3
days and aerated to maintain elevated temperatures.
(11) Types 2, 3 and 4 facilities shall maintain the compost process at a temperature above 40 degrees Celsius
(104 degrees F) for 14 days or longer and the average temperature for that time shall be higher than 45
degrees Celsius (113 degrees F) or, Types 2, 3 and 4 facilities shall meet the vector attraction reduction
requirements in 40 CFR 503.33(b)(4) or (7). Requirements of 40 CFR 503.33(b)(4) and (7) are hereby
incorporated by reference, including any subsequent amendments or additions.
(12) The composting process shall qualify as a process to further reduce pathogens for all Type 3 and Type 4
facilities. The following are acceptable methods:
(A) The windrow composting method, in which the following requirements apply: Aerobic
conditions shall be maintained during the compost process. A temperature of 131 degrees F (55
degrees Celsius) or greater shall be maintained in the windrow for at least 15 days. During the
high temperature period, the windrow shall be turned at least five times.
(B) The static aerated pile composting method, in which the following requirements apply: Aerobic
conditions shall be maintained during the compost process. The temperature of the compost pile
shall be maintained at 131 degrees F (55 degrees Celsius) or greater for at least three days.
(C) The within -vessel composting method, in which the temperature in the compost piles shall be
maintained at a minimal temperature of 131 degrees F (55 degrees Celsius) for three days.
(13) Nitrogen bearing wastes shall be incorporated as necessary to minimize odor and the migration of nutrients.

(14) Miscellaneous Requirements:
(A) The finished compost shall meet the classification and distribution requirements outlined in Rule
.1407 of this Section.
(B) The quality of the final product shall determine the allowable uses as outlined in Rule .1407 of
this Section.
(C) The final product shall be approved by the Solid Waste Section as outlined in Rule .1407
Subparagraph (6)(b) of this Section.
(i) Non-compostable solid waste and unacceptable compost shall be disposed in a solid
waste management facility permitted to receive the particular type of waste under 15A
NCAC 13B.
(ii) The amount of compost stored at the facility shall not exceed the designed storage
capacity.
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-294; 130A-309.03; 130A-309.11; 130A-309.29
Eff. December 1, 1991;
RRC objection Eff. April 18, 1996 due to lack of statutory authority;
Amended Eff June 1, 1996.

15A NCAC 13B .1407 CLASSIFICATION/DISTRIBUTION OF SOLID WASTE COMPOST PRODUCTS
(a) Compost shall not be applied to the land or sold or given away if the concentration of any metal exceeds the concentration
in 40 CFR 502.13(b)(3) [See Table 1 below], unless the concentration of all metals are less than the values in 40 CFR
503.13(b)(1) and records are maintained to show compliance with the cumulative and annual metal levels in 40 CFR
503.13(b)(2) and (4).
Table 1
Metals Concentration
mg per kg
Arsenic
41
Cadmium
39
Copper
1500
Lead
300
Mercury
17
Nickel
420
Selenium
36
Zinc
2800
(b) Solid Waste shall be classified based on Table 2:
Table 2
Manmade Inerts
% dry wt. of
Grade inerts Pathogen Reduction Metal Concentration
A #6 PFRP Table 1
B >6 NA 40 CFR 503.13(b)(1)
(c) Man made inerts shall not exceed 1 inch in size.
(d) Distribution of the defined grades shall be as follows:
(1) Grade A compost shall have unlimited, unrestricted distribution. This product may be distributed directly to
the public;
(2) Grade B compost shall be restricted to distribution for land and mine reclamation, silviculture, and
agriculture (on non-food chain crops) projects; and
(3) Compost or mulch that is produced at a Type 1 facility and that contains minimal pathogenic organisms, is
free from offensive odor, and contains no sharp particles that would cause injury to persons handling the
compost, shall have unrestricted applications and distributions if directions are provided with the compost
product.
(e) Solid waste compost products may not be distributed or marketed until the permittee has provided adequate test data to
the Division as outlined in Rule .1408 of this Section. Within 30 days of receipt of the test data, the Division shall approve or
deny the distribution and marketing of the product based upon the compost classification and distribution scheme. As long as
the test data required in Rule .1408 of this Section continues to verify that compost is produced to the specifications of this
Rule, the Division's approval to distribute the compost shall be ongoing.
(f) The applicant is responsible for meeting any applicable requirements of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture,
Fertilizer Section concerning the distribution of this product.
(g) If the owner intends to distribute the product, the owner shall provide instructions to the user on any restrictions on use
and recommended safe uses and application rates. The following information shall be provided on a label or an information
sheet and a copy of the label or information sheet shall be submitted to the Solid Waste Section:
(1) Classification grade as outlined in Paragraph (d) of this Rule;
(2) Recommended uses;
(3) Application rates;
(4) Restrictions on usage; and

(5) Total N (for products containing sludge).
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-309.11;
Eff. December 1, 1991;
RRC objection Eff April 18, 1996 due to lack of statutory authority;
Amended Eff June 1, 1996.

15A NCAC 13B .1408 METHODS FOR TESTING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
(a) The compost product from Type 2, 3, and 4 facilities shall be sampled and analyzed as follows:
(1) A composite sample of the compost produced at each compost facility shall be analyzed at intervals of
every 20,000 tons of compost produced or every six months, whichever comes first, for test parameters for
each Type of facility as designated in Table 3 of this Rule. Standard methods equivalent to those in Table
3 may be approved by the Division.
Table 3
Parameter
Unit
Facility
Test Method
Foreign Matter
%
all
see Subparagraph (d) of this Rule
Arsenic
mg/kg dry wt.
Type 4
See Appendix A
Cadmium
mg/kg dry wt.
all
Chromium
mg/kg dry wt.
Type 4
Copper
mg/kg dry wt.
all
Lead
mg/kg dry wt.
all
Mercury
mg/kg dry wt.
Type 4
Nickel
mg/kg dry wt.
all
Selenium
mg/kg dry wt.
Type 4
Zinc
mg/kg dry wt.
all
Pathogens
See Appendix B
all
See Appendix B
Total N
%
see *
Kjeldahl
* Total N required for products containing sludge subject to 40 CFR 503.
The parameters listed in Table 3 of this Rule may also be determined by methods accepted by the North Carolina Department
of Agriculture.
(2) Sample collection, preservation, and analysis shall assure valid and representative results pursuant to a
Division -approved quality assurance plan. At least three individual samples (of equal volume) shall be
taken from each batch produced in separate areas along the side of the batch. Each sampling point shall be
at a depth of two to six feet into the pile from the outside surface of the pile. Samples that have been
analyzed for metals shall be composited and accumulated over a six month period or at intervals of every
20,000 tons of product produced, whichever comes first. Any sample collected for testing for pathogens
and nutrients shall be a representative composit sample of the compost and shall be processed within a
period of time required by the testing procedure.
(3) Compost containing sewage sludge shall be tested in accordance with 40 CFR 503, Subpart B.
(4) The Division may decrease or increase the parameters to be analyzed or the frequency of analysis based
upon monitoring date, changes in the waste stream or processing, or information regarding the potential for
presence of toxic substances that are not on the list of monitoring parameters.
(5) Foreign matter content shall be determined by passing a dried, weighed sample of the compost product
through a one -quarter inch screen. EPA Method 160.3 shall be used to dry the sample. The material
remaining on the screen shall be visually inspected, and the foreign matter that can be clearly identified
shall be separated and weighed. The weight of the separated foreign matter divided by the weight of the
total sample shall be determined and multiplied by 100. This shall be the percent dry weight of the foreign
matter content.
(b) Record Keeping: All facility owners or operators shall record and maintain records for a minimum of five years. Records
shall be available for inspection by Division personnel during normal business hours and shall be sent to the Division upon
request:
(1) Daily operational records must be maintained, which include, at a minimum, temperature data (length of
the composting period) and quantity of material processed;
(2) Analytical results on compost testing;

(3) The quantity, type and source of waste received;
(4) The quantity and type of waste processed into compost;
(5) The quantity and type of compost produced by product classification; and
(6) The quantity and type of compost removed for use or disposal, by product classification, and the market or
permitted disposal facility.
(c) Annual Reporting: An annual report for the period July 1 to June 30 shall be submitted by all facility owners or operators
to the Division by August 1, 1996 and every August 1 thereafter and shall contain:
(1) The facility name, address, and permit number;
(2) The total quantity in tons, with sludge values expressed in dry weight, and type of waste received at the
facility during the year covered by the report, including tons of waste received from local governments of
origin;
(3) The total quantity in tons, with sludge values expressed in dry weight, and type of waste processed into
compost during the year covered by the report;
(4) The total quantity in tons and type of compost produced at the facility, by product classification, during the
year covered by the report;
(5) The total quantity in tons and type of compost removed for use or disposal from the facility, by product
classification, along with a general description of the market if for use during the year covered by the
report;
(6) Monthly temperature monitoring to support Rule .1406 of this Section; and
(7) Results of tests required in Table 3 of this Rule.
(d) Yearly totals of solid waste received and composted shall be reported back to the local government of origin for annual
recycling reporting.
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-294; 130A-309.03; 130A-309.11; 130A-309.29;
Eff December 1, 1991;
RRC objection Eff. April 18, 1996 due to lack of statutory authority;
Amended Eff. June 1, 1996.

15A NCAC 13B .1409 APPROVAL OF ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS
(a) An owner or operator of a composting facility, subject to the provisions of this Rule, may request in writing the approval
of an alternative procedure for the facility or the compost that is produced. The following information shall be submitted to
the Solid Waste Section:
(1) The specific facility for which the exception is requested;
(2) The specific provisions of this Section for which the exception is requested;
(3) The basis for the exception;
(4) The alternate procedure or requirement for which the approval is sought and a demonstration that the
alternate procedure or requirement provides equivalent protection of the public health and the environment;
and
(5) A demonstration of the effectiveness of the proposed alternate procedure.
(b) An individual may request in writing the approval of a solid waste composting pilot or demonstration project for the
purpose of evaluating the feasibility of such a project. The following information shall be submitted to the Solid Waste
Section:
(1) The owner, operator, location, and contact numbers for the project;
(2) The specific primary waste stream for which the project is to be evaluated;
(3) The specific time frame for the project;
(4) The estimated amount of each type of waste or bulking material to be composted;
(5) The basis for running the pilot or demonstration project;
(6) A description of all testing procedures to be used;
(7) A description of the process to be used, including the method of composting and details of the method of
aeration;
(8) The expected final usage or disposal of the final product; and
(9) An outline of the final report to be submitted to the Solid Waste Section upon completion of the project.
(c) For Paragraph (a) of this Rule, the Division will review alternative procedures only to the extent that adequate staffing is
available.
(d) Permits shall not be required for primary and secondary school educational projects that take place on the school grounds
and that receive less than one cubic yard of material per week.
History Note: Authority G.S. 130A-294; 130A-309.03; 130A-309.11; 130A-309.29;
Eff December 1, 1991;
RRC objection due to lack of statutory authority Eff. April 18, 1996;
Amended Eff June 1, 1996.

Davidson College Compost Facility
APRIL 8, 2011
Operations Manual
Appendix B
Compost Pilots and Demos
x803101 draft 0&M Manual.doc

MEMORANDUM
CS
STEWART To: File
COMPANY: Stewart Engineering, Inc.
FROM: James Baysinger
DATE: August 25, 2008
REFERENCE: Davidson College Compost Facility
STEWART
PRO3ECT NUMBER: X8031.00
The following is a summary of several conversations with regulators to determine
permitting requirements for the Davidson College Compost Facility:
Sandy Kragh, Town of Davidson, 8/13/08
I asked about fire protection for composting operations. She directed me to contact
the fire department directly. The Town would not be reviewing the plans for the
project with respect to fire protection. She stated that building code and utility review
was all at the County level. The town will review only for setbacks, buffers and
architecture.
John Hyman, Mecklenburg County C-Tech, 8/13/08
I asked about covering the compost unit with a canopy. He stated that 400 square
feet is the threshold maximum for canopies under C-Tech permitting. A 10x20 foot
canopy would be within the established threshold.
Michael Scott, NCDENR Division of Waste Management, 8/18/08
I explained the possible use of a holding tank and/or grease trap and septic tank for
leachate control. He responded that he believed that either of those options was
overkill. He indicated that NCDENR Division of Water Quality had recently issued "no
exposure" approvals for similar "in -vessel" -type composting facilties. He also indicated
that Water Quality is reviewed after the demonstration period (12-24 months) after
operation approval.
I requested a recommendation regarding provision of fire protection for the compost
operation. He indicated that a hydrant would not be required for either the
composting unit or the curing pile.
I asked about dividing the operation onto separate sites; compost unit in Facilities yard
and Curing/Storage elsewhere. He said this would not be a problem.
Ken Pickle, NCDENR Division of Water Quality, 8/18/08 - [phone]
He visited the Warren Wilson compost plant and issued the "no exposure" approval to
the project. To do so, Warren Wilson College had to construct 4-foot high walls to
form bins around the finished compost storage area and cover the finished compost
with tarps during the curing process to protect them from rainfall. The reason for the
walls and tarps is to keep rainfall and runoff from picking up nutrients from the curing
compost and transporting it to groundwater and/or surface water. If Davidson College
provides the bins and coverage AND does not stage food waste then he believes he
will be able to issue a no exposure approval. "No Exposure" means no permitting
required (no cost). "Exposure" means that an NPDES permit is required. Ken
recommended that we send him a copy of the site plan(s) and the operating report to
facilitate the "no exposure" determination. Ken also indicated that performing
composting operations without Water Quality approval may be a violation of NC
regulations (see notes from conversation with Michael Scott, 8/18/08). This call was
also preceded by conversations with Kelly Randall of Mecklenburg County
Groundwater/Wastewater Services (704-33-575) and Don Ceccarelli of Mecklenburg
County Water Quality.

PHONE CONVERSATION LOG
C!�"
STEWART
DATE: July 31, 2008 TIME: 12:00
CONTACT NAME/TITLE: John Willis
COMPANY: BW Organics, Inc.
PHONE NUMBER: 903-438-2525
STEWART REP.: James Baysinger
REFERENCE: Davidson College Compost Facility
STEWART
PROJECT NO: X8031.00
BRIEF SUMMARY:
BW Organics is the manufacturer of the "Green Drum" in -vessel composting unit.
The purpose for this call was to determine site requirements for such a unit and
unit capabilities.
Based on preliminary computations, the facilities will process 1 to 2 cubic yards of
food waste/yard waste mix per day. John recommended Model 512 (5 foot
diameter, 12 feet long). John recommended a pad size for this unit (footprint
area) of approximately 10' x 20'. Also, a shed over the unit may be desirable to
keep off rain or snow.
The unit is constructed on wheels which will facilitate relocation if needed.
Unit loads via a screw conveyor into the drum. John recommends using a twin
auger mixer installed upstream from the conveyor unit. So waste would be loaded
into the mixer, mixer discharges onto the conveyor, and conveyor loads the drum.
Long holding periods for raw food waste should be avoided as the waste may go
acidic and give off an ammonia smell. If this occurs, add Lime ("Ag Lime")
The unit can hold 6 cubic yards of material. For this unit the composting period
would be approximately 1 week (6 days x 1 cyd per day = 6 cyds, neglecting
volume reduction).
A blower for aeration (for oxygen, temperature, and moisture control) is part of
and included on the unit. Keeping compost dry enough is a concern.
At the discharge end of the drum the finished compost needs to be picked up and
moved to a curing area.
Power requirements: 220V, 60Amp for 5 hp mixer, 2 hp conveyor and '/a
hp drum.
Controls are mounted on the unit.

PHONE CONVERSATION LOG
ks
STEWART
DATE: August 26, 2008 TIME: 2:30 pm
CONTACT NAME/TITLE: Ryan Parker/Assistant Fire Marshall
COMPANY: Town of Davidson
PHONE NUMBER: 908-722-3819
STEWART REP.: James Baysinger
Davidson College Compost Facility Fire
REFERENCE: Protection
STEWART
PROJECT NO: X8031.00
BRIEF SUMMARY:
The purpose of this call was to discuss fire protection for the proposed
Davidson College Compost Facility.
I explained facility as including an in -vessel composting unit that will be a
12-foot long rotating drum and a finished compost stock pile.
I explained that the facility may be located at the Physical Plant Yard or at
another location. I also explained that the facility would not be located
within a building.
He stated that all we would need was a fire extinguisher and access to the
site.
This concluded our conversation.

100'
10'
Compost Facility
April 2009
J
25'
0
0 L
lY O
A
O
C
O
U
■ � � w w tw w w w
w
Mixer �_ Au er Composter
14' Rotating Barrel
3'-1116"
8'
- 42'-2"
Top View
M= -
I
E
E
E
---------------------- ----------------------. ------------- -------------
12'
Barrel) ❑ ❑ D ❑ ❑ D
BarreA
Mixer Mixer
Left Side View Front View

TEMPERATURES
BIN
COUNT
COMMONS BINS (RED)
UNION BINS (GRAY)
F
TOTAL WEIGHTS
closest to furthest from machine
RED (16lbs)
buckets
GRAY (161b
EEN (161t
post -consumer (food that has
been
served or pulped)
preconsumer
post -consumer (sort)
pre -consumer
Compost+Bins (Ibs)
NOTES
Date
DrumT
Pileffen
Pile2Ten
Pile3Tem
Pile 4 Teml
Pile 5 Teml
#Bins(Commo
kets(Su
#Bins(Union)
Bin1(lbs)
Bin2(lbs)
Bin3(lbs)
Bin4(lbs)
Bin5(lbs)
Bin6(lbs)
Bin7(lbs)
Bin8(lbs)
Bin9(lbs
Bin10(
Bin11
Bin12
Bin1(lbs)
Bin2(lbs)
Bin3(lbs)
Bin4(lbs)
Bin1(lbs)
Bing (Ibs)
#Batches
Total Weight
Total Weight- Bins (Ibs)
Compost started,
23-Jan
5
4
1
103
95
98
92
63
33
484
382
388
302
24-Jan
1
85
71
79
91
56
25-Jan
4
6
138
87
101
102
428
364
28-Jan
86.6
1
74
77
39
88
84
101
36
499
387
29-Jan
89.3
5
1
25
94
102
100
104
31
456
360
30-Jan
91
82
5
67
89
98
71
81
406
326
31-Jan
112
5
79
103
83
103
107
475
395
1-Feb
90
105.7
5
1
42
96
83
115
98
37
471
375
4-Feb
92.2
125
4
1
101
55
84
110
41
391
311
5-Feb
95
124
6
76
93
104
94
99
88
554
458
6-Feb
113
144
5
1
48
98
100
65
103
1
36
450
354
7-Feb
108
138
6
87
82
35
98
102
91
495
399
8-Feb
101
130
5
86
78
41
76
94
2
375
295
11-Feb
78
132
4
1
82
109
87
94
31
403
323
12-Feb
74
118
103
7
1
41
107
104
94
88
85
80
34
2
633
505
13-Feb
92
115.6
113
5
86
95
93
86
80
2
2
440
360
14-Feb
100
138
123
7
92
67
89
91
82
46
76
1
1
543
431
15-Feb
103
154
141
6
1
89
61
92
91
93
46
40
512
400
18-Feb
75.9
140
145
4
1
74
78
77
75
44
348
268
19-Feb
72.3
145
150
4
107
79
72
94
1
352
288
20-Feb
84.7
143
130
6
81
89
86
88
91
54
489
393
21-Feb
108.1
148
133
5
1
89
93
96
39
84
41
41
2
483
387
piles based on m
22-Feb
109.4
148
152
6
1
106
91
119
103
54
30
36
3
539
427
25-Feb
0
0
26-Feb
89.8
110
145
6
1
84
91
95
87
91
101
44
3
593
481
27-Feb
94.3
128.3
156.3
4
82
125
75
86
2
368
304
28-Feb
104.7
124
136
5
1
90
101
68
117
80
76
80
2
612
516
no delivery, just el
1-Mar,
11-Mar
92
71
112
100
158.2
79.7
122
3
0
0
0
314
0
266
95
99
82
38
12-Mar
72.5
120
80
118
5
87
119
97
94
99
496
416
13-Mar
78.2
104.4
154.3
4
96
92
102
93
383
319
14-Mar
95.7
114
138
6
1
81
87
80
83
33
87
67
2
518
406
15-Mar
18-Mar
19-Mar
106.4
110
107
70
90
93
150
138
142
7
5
6
1
85
45
88
76
82
86
91
32
585
379
511
457
299
399
133
36
93
83
90
77
21
135
1
82
84
84
96
42
88
35
20-Mar
ill
98
138
140
5
1
99
84
95
77
90
28
2
473
377
21-Mar
97.4
104
141
136
6
1
94
93
51
89
79
36
98
2
540
428
22-Mar
110.2
94
146
132
4
101
75
106
101
383
319
25-Mar
104.8
82
94
126
4
1
68
84
88
90
37
1
367
287
26-Mar
108.7
94
98
138
7
1
67
65
89
81
36
101
128
33
2
600
472
27-Mar
97.5
103.4
123.2
150.2
5
86
85
80
99
88
2
438
358
28-Mar
112.4
106
128
157
7
82
106
68
97
99
72
85
2
609
497
29-Mar
111
5
1
66
148
87
80
97
28
506
410
1-Apr
88.7
89
104.9
159.8
4
1
82
100
61
112
46
401
321
2-Apr
87.3
90
100
158
7
37
81
94
81
89
88
88
2
558
446
3-Apr
99.6
98
109.6
144.4
5
108
91
73
89
69
2
430
350
4-Apr
104.1
95
112
148
6
1
74
106
76
91
93
123
58
2
621
509
5-Apr
106.2
99.8
114.5
160.2
5
1
103
47
91
83
95
50
2
469
373
8-Apr
108
90
107
120.29
6
0
75
85
84
91
84
42
461
365
9-Apr
126
100
93.6
123
7
1
82
42
116
87
106
85
118
36
2
672
544
10-Apr
101.7
100
98
135
3
0
70
106
85
2
1
261
213
11-Apr
106
81
79
104
105
6
1
90
82
90
94
87
52
28
523
411
12-Apr
92.2
96
110
140
136
3
1
98
95
127
40
360
296
15-Apr
108.3
100
105
138.2
5
0
101
30
43
83
ill
74
442
362
16-Apr
113.9
102
117
140
152
5
1
103
84
74
98
92
42
2
493
397
17-Apr
98.8
106
102.7
159
154
4
1
1
102
104
141
94
36
1
477
397
no compost, east
18-Apr
19-Apr
22-Apr
23-Apr
24-Apr
104
122
ill
109
116
109
158
138
152
144
7
2
0
103
81
96
87
100
83
42
592
480
0
0
0
0
0
0
98
92
190
158
25-Apr
108
92
92
132
130
130
6
1
88
109
91
104
97
92
38
1
619
507
26-Apr
111.7
94
94
144
156
134
4
1
80
104
83
94
31
392
312
29-Apr
100.4
127
122
ill
114
4
0
41
82
75
93
291
227
1 pcc 28 Ibs
30-Apr
118.4
100
100
137
158
157
0
1
68
28
96
64
no delivery, pulp
1-May
120.7
102
102
141
156
160
0
0
0
0
2-May
112
114
114
148
151
156
01
1 1
45
45
29

3-May
113.2
104
104
148
160.6
151.5
0
1
1
0
48
2
48
32
6-May
90
120
120
142
171
138
5
100
96
23
87
98
117
521
425
7-May
96
117
117
127
154
152
6
1
100
80
125
88
61
107
37
598
486
8-May
103
120
120
132
151
147
4
82
91
106
78
357
293
9-May
0
0
10-May
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23504

TEMPERATURES
BIN COUNT
COMMONS BINS (RED)
UNION BINS (GRAY)
TOTAL WEIGHTS
subtracts 161b for each commons bin and 31b for
*using sawdust
closest to furthest from machi
RED (161bs)
buckets
GRAY (161b
post -consumer (food that has been served or pulped)
preconsumer
post -consumer (sort)
pre -consumer
Compost+Bins (Ibs)
NOTES
Date
DrumT
Pilel Ten
Pile2Terr
Pile3Tem
#Bins(Commo
*ets(Sun
#Bins(Unio
Bin1(lbs)
Bin2(lbs)
Bin3(lbs)
Bin4(lbs)
Bin5(lbs)
Bin6(lbs)
I Bin7(lbs)
Bin8(1bs)
Bin9(1bs Bin10( Bin1ld
Bin12
Bin1(lbs) I
Bin2(lbs)
Bin3(lbs)
Bin4(lbs�
#Batches
Total Weight
Total Weight - Bins (Ibs)
Commons i
Commons i
Union POS
Union PRE
10-Sep
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
7
0
76 86 90
108 69 59 149 80 67 54
82 76 113 76 86 85 88 66
89 97 61 95 84 72 65
76 57 92 100
106 144 74 97 104
87 112 51 64 78 39 70 91
82 116 89 55 90
124 78 70 54 74 88 78 82 42
71 68 106 88 84 69
84 53 137 69 119
88 86 85 47 71 98 77 97
91 37 76 91 104 93 74
43 105 125 80 81
72 65 45 136 61 107
83 89 50 88 81 56 107 89 26
72 65 41 76 113 79 98 80
92 64 101 61 78
79 46 138
56 52 60 19 73 89 100
97 84 68 93 90 86
73 48 92 71 77 84
43 82 93 97 91 103 65
104 76 66 102 85 94
91 92 90 97 86 65 35
93 82
94 75 104
83 33 85 43 86 91
101 72 97 76 93 95 113 28 89 93
73 83 78 34
124 94 88
78 63 87 87 28
108 78 28 96 75
76 101 89 167
71 90 62 115 39 81
96 88 76
87 130 80 90 61
78 76 67 98 55 66
71 79 103 109 78 85 82
93 87 40 74 70
68 81 97 97
76 85 78 75 72 68
90 86 68 93 64
97 135 67 95 93 82
78 87 22 83 79
78
75 86 78
76 65 83 80
60 72 44 90 91 100
109 88 82 114 87 44
47 43 93 87 106
96 101 77 130 126 91 157 89 42
89 90 100 83 82
26
56
30
31
45
50
46
52
38
43
28
43 2
32 22)
42
38
46
30
32
29
36
34
36
62
38
39
28
30
40
34
54 29
46
53
32
40
43
43
278
586
230
458
11-Sep
-
-
1
12-Sep
124-
-
-
8
0
1
672
619
528
Open drum
13-Sep
120-
-
-
7
0
1
491
515
14-Sep
-
-
-
-
0
0
-80
-16
17-Sep
102.E
-
-
-
4
1
2
3
355
275
145
84
18-Sep
111.3
-
-
5
1
556
460
open drum
19-Sep
106
114.3
7
1
6
3
4
592
464
512
20-Sep
102.6
102
5
1
477
381
294
58
21-Sep
102
98
9
0
0
690
546
486
108
drum left open ov
24-Sep
-
127.5
6
1
4
536
424
269
121
25-Sep
-
129
5
1
3
508
412
382
26-Sep
112
137
8
4
649
521
569
-64
27-Sep
115
126
7
1
4
618
490
534
-16
28-Sep
114
126
5
1
472
376
386
-16
1-Oct
114.5
132.3
529
529
254
136
2-Oct
115.2
128
8
1
3
669
525
611
-6
3-Oct
114.9
142
8
1
3
624
480
544
-48
4-Oct
118.3
130
146
5
1
2
424
328
380
-48
FALL BREAK
FALL BREAK
5-Oct
8-Oct
9-Oct
10-Oct
95.3
140
140
3
0
1
0
0
-64
-16
0
0
-80
-48
0
0
308
244
183
-48
11-Oct
96.1
136
142
7
3
449
337
433
12-Oct
84
116
120
6
2
550
422
486
-32
15-Oct
107.7
141
160
6
1
3
487
375
365
-16
16-Oct
106.4
140
147
7
1
3
612
484
510
17-Oct
108.2
134
144
6
1
2
573
461
18-Oct
105.7
135
148
6
1
3
556
444
19-Oct
98
116
109
2
1
205
157
22-Oct
93.8
160
141
3
1
1
305
241
23-Oct
24-Oct
97.2
154
144
6
1
2
450
338
no compost deliv
93.2 132
145
0
0
25-Oct
26-Oct
29-Oct
95.4 129
78 132.9
100 121
142
9
4
3
2
2
857
304
340
681
224
276
659
204
242
150
102
1
-32
132
1
-32
30-Oct
103
124
127
98
5
1
2
379
283
263
-16
31-Oct
101
130
126
113
5
1
2
447
351
321
-48
1-Nov
104
128
124
118
2
433
433
385
-16
2-Nov
78
113.4
113.2
75.1
5
2
2
496
384
394
-32
started using mix
5-Nov
84
128
123
88
3
1
299
235
6-Nov
92
132
125
97
5
1
2
2
2
476
380
336
-16
7-Nov
104
135.3
132.7
108.2
6
440
344
312
-48
8-Nov
101
134.6
148.7
96.3
7
1
637
509
559
9-Nov
75
114.2
101.3
81
5
1
404
308
316
-16
12-Nov
85
149
150
91
4
1
3
377
297
295
-16
13-Nov
78
127
132
89
6
2
454
358
406
-16
14-Nov
85
117
128
87
5
2
401
321
15-Nov
89
124
136
95
6
2
3
652
524
16-Nov
89
124
124
99
5
1
395
299
19-Nov
93.3
120
161.7
107.5
2
1
1
131
83
30
THANKSGIVING
THANKSGIVING
THANKSGIVING
Not much in drum
20-Nov
21-Nov
22-Nov
23-Nov
26-Nov
65
157
120
103
3
A
1
0
0
-48
-16
0
0
-48
-16
0
0
-48
-16
0
0
-48
-16
2
271
207
191
-16
27-Nov
63
142
126
111
4
1
2
344
264
256
-16
28-Nov
72
147
131
97
6
1
2
2
500
388
409
-16
29-Nov
78
141
134
102
5
1
524
428
432
28
30-Nov
66
132
118
97
5
1
419
323
328
-16
3-Dec
96.3
128
126
92
0
0
909
909
819
4-Dec
97.8
133
128
102
9
0
0
-144
-48
-16
5-Dec
88
128
114
104
5
0
2
444
364
6-Dec
0
0
-48
-16
7-Dec
0
0
-48
4434
4197 4045 3821 3040 1957 1228 540
23262
20450
14455
-137
0
0
245
-2.322034

RED (16lbs)
buckets
GRAY (161b:
post -consumer (pulped)
COMMONS BINS (RED)
preconsumer
post -consumer (soi
' INION
BINS (GRAY)
Compost+Bins (Ibs)
subtracts 161b for each commons bin and 31b for each compost/coffee
grounds bucket f
NOTES
Date
DrumT
Pileffen
Pile2Terr
Pile3Tem
#Bins(Commo
kets(Su
#Bins(Unio
Bin1 Ibs
Bing Ibs
Bin3 Ibs
Bin4(lbs)
Bin5(lbs) Bin6(lbs
Bin?(Ibs)
Bin8(lbs)
Bing Ibs
Bin10(
Bin11(
Bin12(
Bin1(lbs)
Bin2(lbs
Bin3 1
Bin4(1
Sumfi
Sumi
Total Weight
#Batches
Total Compost Weight - Bins (Ibs)
Commons i
Commons i
Union POS
Union PRE
Start
22-Jan
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
4
7
0
1
1
62
65
59
100
83
87
456
364
618
3
360
284
23-Jan
-
81
57
91
94
41
2
24-Jan
-
130
94
63
68
69
49
93
52
4
490
Open drum
25-Jan
88-
-
-
5
1
86
114
73
92
78
43
486
4
390
26-Jan
132
-
-
-
6
0
45
27
53
119
101
103
448
2
352
Started separatin
29-Jan
106
-
-
-
3
1
101 152 100
58 98 67 115 73
97 83 83 115 76
66 57 98 53 117
101 108 37
112 56 83 62 71
60 128 75 63
69 103 88 101 93
47 74 71 84 70
84 104
55 90 90
85 54 55 124
104 102
43 49 91 37 87
55
97 93 84 73
82 75 65 93 59
MW
114 109 101 121 101
91
75 82
55 95 73 90 81
104 57 81 80
post -consumer (pulped)
76
69 76 68 110
120 89 93 59
94 94 52 108 80
122 38 84 101
104 71 86
89 98 89 81
91 103 75 98 125 81 75
82 68 99 83 76 23 125 98
85 92 83
76 105 104 87
86 105 54
83 85 120 104
;+;;;
53 128 78
104 106 160
33 76 104 93 95
90 78 76 111
79 80 68 87 64
83 69 76 121 55 102
92 96 86
63 73 82 103 63 71
84 110
88 75 71 117
127 68 37 99 46 53 75
120 89 88 121 81
76 68 67 73 87
97 82 85 86 68 87
109 126 95 98
70 101 86 106 96
36
51
33
41
46
47
42
65
40
31 46
30 40
31
39
38 32
38 43 82
20 43
35 49
37 26
28 27
post (SORTED)
38
25 27 42
35 51
41
29
29 39
34
35 29
24
24 281
72 38
41 23
26
40
42 44
36 31
35 46 55
48
92
39 33
23
38
15 18 36
20 48
389
2
325
305
30-Jan
-
-
-
-
6
1
59
521
3
409
331
43
ick, no one to ru
31-Jan
2-Feb
120
112
125.7
-
-
-
-
6
5
0
1
0
1
85
572
391
3
2
1 460
311
1
1 374
311
69
5-Feb
141.5
120.4
-
-
5
71
51
409
2
313
198
90
6-Feb
142.2
85
-
6
1
61
491
4
379
304
45
7-Feb
152.3
118.6
-
6
1
72
58
503
4
391
262
98
8-Feb
152.7
126.3
-
5
1
496
3
400
374
9-Feb
120
79.5
-
9
0
42
69
77
61
595
3
451
266
185
#####
106
-
3
1
ill
364
2
300
156
95
#####
83.2
-
4
1
97
372
2
292
187
81
Union post-consu
#####
110.3
101
141.7
-
6
2
73
72
540
3
412
254
113
#####
98
117.4
122.3
121.1
4
2
85
45
406
3
310
174
98
#####
105
120
95,-
8
1
83
68
86
575
4
431
227
189
#####
135
135
135
131
4
1
106
72
77
349
2
269
39
207
#####
120
120
133
140
5
2
58
475
3
363
283
42
hilip (Commons
#####
#####
#####
124
121
141.41
141
136.8
121
127.41
90
81
8
1 01
3
83
70
87
64
36
55
580
898
3
4
452
722
294
466
158
141
#####
121
134.1
121.1
107
1
2
154
1
106
75
*PCC food audit 11
125
140
110
90.9
4
2
78
63
382
4
286
125
109
*PCC food audit 11
87.2
152.3
90.9
87
6
2
37
494
3
366
314
21
*PCC food audit I
1-Mar
103
148
89
87
4
2
377
1
281
258
*PCC food audit I
SPRING BREAK
SPRING BREAK
SPRING BREAK
SPRING BREAK
SPRING BREAK
temps low be co
2-Mar
5-Mar
6-Mar
7-Mar
8-Mar
9-Mar
#####
#####
96
42.3
50
134.1 89 81
84.6 126 66.8
3
1
•
89
61
0
ffo
0
0
0
0
264
559
1
3
0
'w0
0
0
0
0
200
60
118
62
126
75
6
3
70
72
415
259
110
#####
51.3
68.3
123.1
73.1
6
2
71
109
627
3
499
297
148
#####
64
84
100
73
6
1
61
530
3
418
348
45
#####
91
122
64
62
7
1
48
75
51
548
3
420
281
126
Back up to temps
#####
135.3
126.4
118.4
68.5
4
2
130
459
3
363
213
114
No compost deliv
BOTH T and W C#####
#####
#####
140
130.8
108
122
101.
145.4
100
85.6
6
10
1
2
76
73
92
80
81
544
961
3
5
432
769
293
536
121
233
#####
105
145
84
68
11
1
85
64
87
914
5
722
526
188
#####
72
137.7
77
3
2
312
2
232
212
#####
86-
96
62
6
2
82
73
637
4
509
324
139
#####
91.8
92.1
155.1
69.8
4
2
103
412
2
316
197
87
EASTER BREAK
EASTER BREAK
EASTER BREAK
#####
#####
2-Apr
3-Apr
98
96.8
117
161
78.4
48
89
74
629
0
0
0
299
4
2
629
299
344
211
195
4-Apr
5-Apr
83
88.7
113
88
5
3
52
65
573
3
445
322
101
6-Apr
97
82.2
122.9
104.7
7
2
100
46
614
4
470
353
130
compost coming i
9-Apr
86.8
82.5
120.9
87.7
5
37
1
392
2
312
307
21
10-Apr
92
79
104
80
7
3
73
66
653
4
493
330
123
11-Apr
99
62
98
74
7
0
78
584
472
458
62
12-Apr
101.7
79
117
82
4
96
370
306
226
80
13-Apr
81
81
122
72
7
1
66
569
4
441
407
50
16-Apr,
120
136
110
5
1
100
122
102
610
3
514
146
308
17-Apr
95
130
110
80
8
2
100
81
68
73
745
5
585
303
306
18-Apr
101
110
83
81
7
1
528
400
457
no compost N
piles will be shift
19-Apr
20-Apr
23-Apr
115
109.3
104
103
114.5
80
69.5
78
6
1
50
76
60
625
469
625
357
451
323
110
44
24-Apr
103
141
118
80
6
3
574
3
430
457
25-Apr
98.8
150
7
75
102
65
670
558
380
226
26-Apr
120
130
108
73
6
2
108
635
3
507
411
92

pile 4 is 152.7!
27-Apr
106.8
142
126.8
88
7
1
61 41 60 83 68 99
91 72 32
42 55 65 62 55 55 75
59 56 54 51 53 83
73 79 73 95
63 87 72 84
51 69 67
36 72 122 76 103
62
35
53
28
24 25 37
27
30
38
31 30
509
381
364
46
30-Apr
117
134.4
120
92.4
5
1
42
90
380
3
284
147
116
piles flipped, no p
1-May
105
172
125
9
2
105
65
34
641
4
465
361
154
2-May
93
162
7
3
93
535
375
308
77
3-May
118
151.7
145.8
7
2
114
87
88
636
492
272
273
4-May,
112
164.4
156.E
138
6
1
72
68
476
3
364
258
124
7-May
130
127.9
125.3
132.2
5
1
82
62
369
2
273
139
128
Last day!
8-May
110
164.5
127
129
6
3
79
28
577
4
433
361
63
9-May
0
0
-48
-16
#####
0
-48
-16
5180 5106
4492 4181 2374
893 443
98
22767
Total Weig
26110
0
0
16858
5979
0
0
285.72881
101.33898

ZED (16lbs)
'buckets I
GRAY (16lbs)
COMMONS
BINS RED
UNION BINS
GRAY
subtracts 1
NOTES
Date
DrumTemp
Pi1e1Temp
Pile2Temp
Pile3Temp
#Bins Commons
kets Su
#Bins Union
Bin1 Ibs
Bing lb
Bin3 1
Bin4 /
BinS lb
Binh lb
Bin? lb
Bin81b
Bing Ibs
Bin10 lb
Bin1 Ibs
Bing Its
Bin3(lbs
Sun
Sun
Compost+Bins
#Batches
Total Com
Day 1: chain broke but fixed b
16-Oct
-
-
- -
3
6
0
1
63
101
81
245
1
1
197
17-Oct
-
-
-
-
81
70
84
129
104
42
68
578
3
1
466
18-Oct
85-
-
-
5
1
32
38
79
96
117
35
397
3
1
301
First day to open drum
19-Oct
83.6
-
-
-
7
1
51
102
121
132
96
82
84
51
719
4
1
591
20-Oct
122.6
120
-
-
8
101
76
87
59
95
92
57
89
656
4
1
528
23-Oct
104143-146
-
-
4
84
86
87
60
317
2
1
253
24-Oct
100
144
-
-
6
1
78
84
88
86
99
66
41
542
3
1
430
problems getting belt to turn or
25-Oct
116
150-
-
6
1
34
59
88
123
110
103
45
562
4
1
450
26-Oct
98.8
138-
-
6
1
104
84
84
75
74
80
58
559
4
1
447
27-Oct
100126-150
-
-
7
0
1
79
74
87
79
69
82
68
45
583
4
1
455
30-Oct
96.5
130
-
-
7
67
59
68
33
89
91
91
498
3
1
386
31-Oct
118
145
-
4
2
146
77
44
80
47
48
442
3
1
346
3 commons bins and 1 union b
1-Nov
100
140
-
2
110
81
191
1
1
159
2-Nov
112
138
-
5
48
70
92
84
63
357
2
1
277
3-Nov
105
125
120-
7
1
82
97
95
78
93
48
25
518
4
1
390
6-Nov
109
120
115
-
4
1
107
82
125
86
43
443
3
1
363
7-Nov
95.4
125
82-
5
1
58
62
129
110
72
67
498
4
1
402
8-Nov
96
110
-
6
1
18
17
79
110
100
80
38
442
4
1
330
9-Nov
106
131
-
5
1
82
118
106
64
87
30
487
3
1
391
10-Nov
104
135
105-
8
0
1
43
43
71
107
59
81
85
109
27
625
3
1
481
13-Nov
101
157
143
132
6
1
69
106
89
78
72
59
54
527
3
1
415
Drum left open overnight from
14-Nov
84
60
140
6
0
1
108
121
81
95
85
152
47
689
3
1
577
15-Nov
104
150
143
6
1
67
78
93
114
98
53
42
545
3
1
433
16-Nov
101
152
138
7
63
100
72
87
108
96
77
603
4
1
491
17-Nov
101.6
150
131
4
0
79
91
48
131
349
2
1
285
20-Nov
80.4
—
160
110—
140
2
2
1
1
112
39
76
85
51
97
239
0
0
0
0
221
ji
1
191
THANKSGIVING
21-Nov
0
THANKSGIVING
22-Nov
23-Nov
24-Nov
0
THANKSGIVING
THANKSGIVING
0
0
27-Nov
1
173
drum wont stop turnin, couldnt
28-Nov
136
21
1
1
114
52
58
224
1
1
176
pile temp low because piles jus
29-Nov
89.8
80*
128
122
61
40
76
63
85
51
118
38
471
3
1
359
30-Nov
90.6
136
136
142
5
0
103
37
80
71
52
343
2
1
263
chain broke so no processing
1-Dec
127
125
130
140
0
0
4-Dec
72
105
125
132
0
0
67
140
122
128
Total Days of Processing: 30
Total Wt: 11006
Average Daily Wt: 366.86667

NOTES
Date
DrumTempF
le1TempjPile2Temp
IPile3Ter#Bins
Common
#Bucke
Bin1 lb
Bin2 Ibs
Bin3 Ib Bin4 Ibs
Bin5(lbsIBin6(lb4Bin7(ibIBin8(lbs]Bin9(lb4BinlO(lt
SummitCom os
SummitGroundE
Total Weight of I
#Batches
Total Compost Weight - Bins (Ib
30-Jan
5
4
291
124
79
31 89
63
291
370
2
2
206
1
31-Jan
92
75
79
302
1
11-Feb
6
76
67
79
70
82
76
450
348
1
Summit compo
15-Feb
5
63
75
91
115
57
401
316
1
20-Feb
90
3
27
64
78
169
1
118
1
2-Feb
5
77
73
83
69
55
357
272
1
6-Feb
5
94
56
96
87
43
376
291
1
7-Feb
137
5
70
94
36
87
84
371
286
1
8-Feb
100
7
78
96
93
105
75
77
39
563
444
1
9-Feb
133
3
93
94
97
284
1.5
233
1
10-Feb
132
8
29
86
73
52
36
42
38
89
445
3
309
1
13-Feb
98
4
98
111
23
91
323
1.5
255
1
14-Feb
5
63
110
77
61
50
361
2
276
1
15-Feb
5
63
75
91
115
57
401
316
1
16-Feb
5
68
109
45
100
75
397
312
1
20-Feb
8
46
56
59
41
71
59
72
78
482
346
1
21-Feb
5
32
37
57
97
68
291
206
1
22-Feb
8
61
37
65
77
73
100
71
104
588
452
1
23-Feb
100
7
68
114
98
90
72
67
84
593
474
1
24-Feb
120
8
58
99
37
88
145
52
43
31
553
417
1
27-Feb
4
71
81
50
102
304
236
1
28-Feb
111
6
36
83
70
78
55
47
369
267
1
1-Mar
9
54
50
100
113
108
46
78
83
69
701
548
1
2-Mar
5
56
72
59
84
88
359
274
1
Spring Break = e
21-Mar
4
27
61
87
123
298
2
230
1
22-Mar
5
62
39
77
76
97
351
266
1
23-Mar
57
5
87
99
89
99
70
444
2
359
1
24-Mar
5
43
85
71
106
152
457
372
1
Finally emptied di
27-Mar
103
74.9
4
94
124
128
37
383
2
315
1
28-Mar
121.1
7
36
97
96
82
98
125
63
597
3.5
478
1
29-Mar
110
100
5
111
96
85
30
84
406
3
321
1
3-Apr
122.5
136
3
96
61
122
1
279
1.5
228
1
4-Apr
123.3
110
8
44
61
95
109
72
83
96
72
632
4.5
496
1
5-Apr
95
7
62
69
30
95
86
109
80
531
3
412
1
6-Apr
110.3
5
5
97
30
72
80
98
40
114
531
431
1
7-Apr
100.4
103
6
114
91
33
108
82
53
24
27
532
2.5
430
1
10-Apr
127.6
4
85
104
41
84
34
118
466
2.5
398
1
11-Apr
100
110
7
33
74
102
64
111
94
37
515
3
396
1
12-Apr
100
140
5
3
80
81
32
144
86
29
55
507
3
413
1
13-Apr
110
7
68
42
66
97
54
108
109
544
425
1
19-Apr
95
130
130
4
5
61
72
77
119
87
84
500
417
1
did not empty dru
20-Apr
90
5
39
99
109
49
114
410
325
1
21-Apr
98.6
7
81
97
69
56
81
27
39
30
480
3
361
1
did not empty dru
24-Apr
120
6
93
75
76
53
22
16
335
2
233
1
25-Apr
106.3
132
106
5
5
101
79
51
95
89
69
91
575
3
475
1
26-Apr
100
140
5
31
112
95
49
97
384
2.5
299
1
27-Apr
106
4
126
126
114
1
28-Apr
105
2
1
101
65
91
257
2
220
1
3-May
113
125
115
5
70
82
152
1
137
1
4-May
128
6
65
110
44
108
33
94
454
352
1
5-May
85
3
129
101
81
64
87
462
411
1
Drum almost ern
8-May,
80
4
84
99
29
76
288
220
1
1 0-May
110
112
47
159
159
1
Total Days of Processing: 53
Total: 17197
Daily Average: 324.472

week)*(28 45426.038

Report Number
F19065-6508 a&Lg reaUa Ices
Account Number *` LABORATORIES
20537 - Scientists who don't mind getting dirty.'"
To: DAVIDSON COLLEGE
PO BOX 7166
DAVIDSON, NC 28035-7166
Attn: CHARLES JOLLY
sample ID: COMPOST 2018
Lab Number: 14848
COMPOST ANALYSIS
3505 Conestoga Dr_
Fort Wayne, IN 46805
260.483.4759
algreatlakes.corn
Purchase Order:
26419
Date sampled:
3/5/2019
Date Received:
3/6/2019
Date Reported:
3/21/2019 Page: 1 of 3
Analysis Dry Basis
Analysis Unit Result Result Analysis Method
Moisture @ 70 C % 18.07 TMECC 03.09-A
Solids % 81.93 TMECC 03.09-A
Total Nitrogen (N)
%
3.34
4.08
TMECC 04.02-D
Phosphorus (P)
%
0.67
0.82
TMECC 04.03-A
Phosphate (P205)
%
1.55
1.88
TMECC 04.03-A
Potassium (K)
%
1.16
1.42
TMECC 04.04-A
Potash (K20)
%
1.40
1.70
TMECC 04.04-A
Magnesium (Mg)
%
0.26
0.32
TMECC 04.05-MG
Calcium (Ca)
%
1.86
2.27
TMECC 04.05-CA
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Mercury
Molybdenum
mg/kg
1.88
2.30
US EPA
SW846-6020
mg/kg
< 0.403
< 0.492
US EPA
SW846-6020
mg/kg
12.0
14.7
US EPA
SW846-6020
mg/kg
26.5
32.3
US EPA
SW846-6010C
mg/kg
< 0.476
< 0.581
US EPA
SW846-6020
mg/kg
1.65
2.02
US EPA
SW846-6020
I V I U I I. - I C I IV ICU IVU1 IVI UIC IAal l 111 la U V II VI I VI I IJJ V D LII Ir, al Rd L..VI I ICJ V DL 111V I L111, I11C V.J. I VI I IJJ V D LII Ir, I UUII.11.
�y
Report Approved By: �t / Approval Date: 3/21/2019
Greg Neyman - Vice President / COO

Report Number
F19065-6508 a&Lg reaUa Ices
Account Number *` LABORATORIES
20537 - Scientists who don't mind getting dirty.'"
To: DAVIDSON COLLEGE
PO BOX 7166
DAVIDSON, NC 28035-7166
Attn: CHARLES JOLLY
sample ID: COMPOST 2018
Lab Number: 14848
COMPOST ANALYSIS
3505 Conestoga Dr_
Fort Wayne, IN 46805
260.483.4759
algreatlakes.corn
Purchase Order:
26419
Date sampled:
3/5/2019
Date Received:
3/6/2019
Date Reported:
3/21/2019 Page: 2 of 3
Analysis
Unit
Analysis
Result
Dry Basis
Result
Analysis Method
Nickel
Lead
mg/kg
mg/kg
4.49
5.40
5.48
6.59
US EPA SW846-6020
US EPA SW846-6020
Selenium
mg/kg
< 0.93
< 1.14
US EPA SW846-6020
Zinc
mg/kg
89
109
US EPA SW846-6010C
503 Metals PASS/FAIL
pass/fail
PASS
EPA 503 Metal Limits
pH
Soluble Salts
Fecal Coliform/MPN
-
dS/m
MPN/g dry
6.8
11.11
< 2
TMECC 04.11-A
TMECC 04.10-A
SM(20th)-9221E TMECC
Pathogen Reduction - PASS/FAIL
pass/fail
PASS
40 CFR 503 Class A Compost
Ash @ 550 C
%
23.51
28.70
TMECC 03.02-B
Organic Matter (LOI @ 550 C)
%
58.42
71.30
TMECC 05.07-A
Total Organic Carbon (C)
Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio (C:N)
Foreign Material
%
-
%
29.21
8.7:1
0.02
35.65
8.7:1
0.02
TMECC 04.01-A
TMECC 05.02-A
TMECC 03.08-A
Germination - Emergence
%
53
TMECC 05.05-A
TMECC - Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC), The U.S. Composting Council. -COMPOST

Report Number
F19065-6508 a&Lg reaUa Ices
Account Number *` LABORATORIES
20537 - Scientists who don't mind getting dirty.'"
To: DAVIDSON COLLEGE
PO BOX 7166
DAVIDSON, NC 28035-7166
Attn: CHARLES JOLLY
sample ID: COMPOST 2018
Lab Number: 14848
COMPOST ANALYSIS
3505 Conestoga Dr_
Fort Wayne, IN 46805
260.483.4759
algreatlakes.corn
Purchase Order:
26419
Date sampled:
3/5/2019
Date Received:
3/6/2019
Date Reported:
3/21/2019 Page: 3 of 3
Analysis Dry Basis
Analysis Unit Result Result Analysis Method
Germination - Vigor % 55 TMECC 05.05-A
Ave Ht of Seedlings in Control
centimeters 8.6
TMECC 05.05-A
Ave Ht of Seedlings in Compost
centimeters 3.3
TMECC 05.05-A
Respiration - CO2-C/g TS
mg CO2-C / g TS/Day
0.6
TMECC 05.08-B
Respiration - CO2-C/g OM
mg CO2-C / g OM/Day
0.4
TMECC 05.08-B
Compost Stability Index
-
Very Stable
TMECC 05.08
Retained on U.S. 2-inch Sieve
%
0.00
TMECC 02.02-B
Retained on U.S. 1-inch Sieve
%
0.00
TMECC 02.02-B
Retained on U.S. 5/8-inch Sieve
o�
Retained on U.S. 3/8-inch Sieve %
Retained on U.S. 1/4-inch Sieve %
Retained on U.S. 5/32-inch %
TMECC 02.02-B
TMECC 02.02-B
TMECC 02.02-B
TMECC 02.02-B
TMECC - Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC), The U.S. Composting Council. -COMPOST

Report Number
F19088-6519 a&Lg reaUa Ices
Account Number *` LABORATORIES
20537 - Scientists who don't mind getting dirty.'"
To: DAVIDSON COLLEGE
PO BOX 7166
DAVIDSON, NC 28035-7166
Attn: CHARLES JOLLY
sample ID: COMPOST 2017 M
Lab Number: 15441
COMPOST ANALYSIS
3505 Conestoga Dr_
Fort Wayne, IN 46805
260.483.4759
algreatlakes.corn
Date Sampled: 3/28/2019
Date Received: 3/29/2019
Date Reported: 4/15/2019 Page: 1 of 3
Analysis
Dry Basis
Analysis
Unit
Result
Result
Analysis Method
Moisture @ 70 C
%
56.65
TMECC 03.09-A
Solids
%
43.35
TMECC 03.09-A
Total Nitrogen (N)
%
1.30
3.00
TMECC 04.02-D
Phosphorus (P)
%
0.27
0.62
TMECC 04.03-A
Phosphate (P205)
%
0.62
1.42
TMECC 04.03-A
Potassium (K)
%
0.28
0.64
TMECC 04.04-A
Potash (K20)
%
0.33
0.77
TMECC 04.04-A
Magnesium (Mg)
%
0.13
0.31
TMECC 04.05-MG
Calcium (Ca)
%
1.02
2.36
TMECC 04.05-CA
Arsenic
mg/kg
0.67
1.54
US EPA SW846-6020
Cadmium
mg/kg
0.252
0.582
US EPA SW846-6020
Chromium
mg/kg
6.7
15.5
US EPA SW846-6020
Copper
mg/kg
15.8
36.5
US EPA SW846-6010C
Mercury
mg/kg
< 0.249
< 0.574
US EPA SW846-6020
Molybdenum
mg/kg
0.55
1.26
US EPA SW846-6020
-COMPOST
ivu� ivi uic Aaiiniia uvii vi �.umpuN a r, aiiu a..umpvo k/, i iic v.a. �.umpuN a r, vu!!�l .
�y
Report Approved By: �t / Approval Date: 4/15/2019
Greg Neyman - Vice President / COO

Report Number
F19088-6519 a&Lg reaUa Ices
Account Number *` LABORATORIES
20537 - Scientists who don't mind getting dirty.'"
To: DAVIDSON COLLEGE
PO BOX 7166
DAVIDSON, NC 28035-7166
Attn: CHARLES JOLLY
sample ID: COMPOST 2017 M
Lab Number: 15441
COMPOST ANALYSIS
3505 Conestoga Dr_
Fort Wayne, IN 46805
260.483.4759
algreatlakes.corn
Date Sampled: 3/28/2019
Date Received: 3/29/2019
Date Reported: 4/15/2019 Page: 2 of 3
Analysis
Dry Basis
Analysis
Unit
Result
Result
Analysis Method
Nickel
mg/kg
2.72
6.27
US EPA SW846-6020
Lead
mg/kg
4.4
10.2
US EPA SW846-6020
Selenium
mg/kg
< 0.49
< 1.13
US EPA SW846-6020
Zinc
mg/kg
52
120
US EPA SW846-6010C
503 Metals PASS/FAIL
pass/fail
PASS
EPA 503 Metal Limits
pH
-
7.2
TMECC 04.11-A
Soluble Salts
dS/m
1.75
TMECC 04.10-A
Fecal Coliform/MPN
MPN/g dry
60
SM(20th)-9221E TMECC
Pathogen Reduction - PASS/FAIL
pass/fail
PASS
40 CFR 503 Class A Compost
Ash @ 550 C
%
18.01
41.54
TMECC 03.02-B
Organic Matter (1_01 @ 550 C)
%
25.34
58.46
TMECC 05.07-A
Total Organic Carbon (C)
%
12.67
29.23
TMECC 04.01-A
Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio (C:N)
-
9.7:1
9.7:1
TMECC 05.02-A
Foreign Material
%
0.00
TMECC 03.08-A
Germination - Emergence
%
100
TMECC 05.05-A
TMECC - Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC), The U.S. Composting Council. -COMPOST

Report Number
F19088-6519 a&Lg reaUa Ices
Account Number *` LABORATORIES
20537 - Scientists who don't mind getting dirty.'"
To: DAVIDSON COLLEGE
PO BOX 7166
DAVIDSON, NC 28035-7166
Attn: CHARLES JOLLY
sample ID: COMPOST 2017 M
Lab Number: 15441
COMPOST ANALYSIS
3505 Conestoga Dr_
Fort Wayne, IN 46805
260.483.4759
algreatlakes.corn
Date Sampled: 3/28/2019
Date Received: 3/29/2019
Date Reported: 4/15/2019 Page: 3 of 3
Analysis
Dry Basis
Analysis
Unit
Result
Result
Analysis Method
Germination - Vigor
%
100
TMECC 05.05-A
Ave Ht of Seedlings in Control
centimeters
9.0
TMECC 05.05-A
Ave Ht of Seedlings in Compost
centimeters
13.0
TMECC 05.05-A
Respiration - CO2-C/g TS
mg CO2-C / g TS/Day
0.5
TMECC 05.08-B
Respiration - CO2-C/g OM
mg CO2-C / g OM/Day
0.3
TMECC 05.08-B
Compost Stability Index
-
Very Stable
TMECC 05.08
Retained on U.S. 2-inch Sieve
%
0.00
TMECC 02.02-B
Retained on U.S. 1-inch Sieve
%
0.00
TMECC 02.02-B
Retained on U.S. 5/8-inch Sieve
%
0.00
TMECC 02.02-B
Retained on U.S. 3/8-inch Sieve
%
0.00
TMECC 02.02-B
Retained on U.S. 1/4-inch Sieve
%
5.38
TMECC 02.02-B
Retained on U.S. 5/32-inch
%
12.03
TMECC 02.02-B
TMECC - Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC), The U.S. Composting Council. -COMPOST