1403_Caldwell_Foothills_MSWLF_Permit_WQMP_Phases1-5_FID1286868_20190325

RUNNELS
� LAMM113NS
ENGINEERING
March 20, 2019
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management
Asheville Regional Office
2090 U.S. Hwy 70
Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778
Attention: Ms. Jaclynne Drummond, Hydrogeologist
Subject: Water Quality Monitoring Plan Submittal
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill
Facility Permit Number 1403-MSWLF-1998
Caldwell County, North Carolina
BLE North Carolina Business Licenses C-284 & C-1538
BLE Project Number J15-1235-78/78A/78C
Dear Ms. Drummond:
Please find attached the Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) that includes the proposed Phase
5 development at the facility. Our original version of this document from October 2017 has been
revised to include review comments from your March 8, 2018 NCDEQ letter and the comments we
discussed during telephone conversations in January 2019.
Language regarding laboratory testing for 1,4-dioxane has not been included in this WQMP. In
accordance with the NCDEQ May 29, 2018 memorandum, sampling for two consecutive sampling
events for 1,4-dioxane has been completed (Second Semi -Annual Event of 2018 and First Semi -
Annual Event of 2019) and neither sampling event detected concentrations of 1,4-dioxane. Per a
November 28, 2018 NCDEQ letter, if 1,4-dioxane was reported as non -detect in January 2019 at the
facility, then the site could cease monitoring of the groundwater and surface water samples for 1,4-
dioxane. Therefore, 1,4-dioxane will no longer be tested in the groundwater and surface water
samples collected at the facility. However, in accordance with the November 28, 2018 NCDEQ
letter, 1,4-dioxane will be analyzed annually in the leachate sample.
If you have any questions concerning the project, please do not hesitate in contacting us at (864) 288-
1265.
Sincerely,
BUNNELL LAMMONs ENGINEERING INC.
kd'e
Mark S. Preddy, P.G.
Senior Geologist
Registered, North Carolina No. 1043
'6004 Ponders Court. Greenville, SC 29515 1,864.288.1265 44864.2B8.4430 ' info@bleCorPxorn
BLECORPLOM

WATER QUALITY
MONITORING PLAN
LANDFILL PHASES 1, 29 314, & 5
FOOTHILLS REGIONAL MSW LANDFILL
CALDWELL COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
FACILITY PERMIT NUMBER 1403-MSWLF-1998
qm7� REPUBLIC
�a SERVICES
i�
Prepared For:
Republic Services of North Carolina, LLC
1070 Riverside Drive
Asheville, North Carolina 28804
BLE North Carolina Business Licenses C-284 & C-1538
BLE Project Number J15-1235-78/78A/78C
October 20, 2017
(Revised March 20, 2019)
CrA,,lppj�f
= 1043 -
YZof14
is in IM I BUNNELL
LAMMONS
ENGINEERING
6004 Ponders Court I Greenville, 5C 29615
864.288,1265 Fall 864,288,4330 Z [e-mail]
BLECORP.COM

� CANNONS
ENGINEERING
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Republic Services of North Carolina, LLC
1070 Riverside Drive
Asheville, North Carolina 28804
Attention: Mr. Derek Bouchard
Environmental Manager
Western North Carolina/Eastern Tennessee
Subject: Water Quality Monitoring Plan: Landfill Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill
Facility Permit Number 1403-MSWLF-1998
Caldwell County, North Carolina
BLE North Carolina Business Licenses C-284 & C-1538
BLE Project Number J15-1235-78/78A/78C
Mr. Bouchard:
Bunnell-Lammons Engineering, Inc. (BLE) is pleased to present this Water Quality Monitoring Plan for
the Foothills Regional MSW Landfill located in Caldwell County, North Carolina. This Plan is being
submitted in general accordance with North Carolina Rules for Solid Waste Management, 15A NCAC 13B
.0601, and .1630 through .1637 (groundwater) and 15A NCAC 13B .0602 (surface water). The Plan
contained herein includes procedures performed at the facility in the past and incorporates the future
development of landfill waste disposal area Phase 5.
We appreciate the opportunity to serve as your geological consultant on this project and look forward to
continue working with you at the Foothills Regional MSW Landfill. If you have any questions, please
contact us at [phone].
Sincerely, e!
CA Rf�� --*,es
BUNNELL LANIMONS �,e�A
�/ /'/ •O
1443 .e
• s
Mark S. Preddy, P.G. r�•�j ••,„ Q �,-Z
Senior GeologistS.
Registered, North Carolina I�b!Jl 43 r�"i
I ` I �✓ (y///w///
Timothy J. Daniel
Staff Geologist
cc: Mr. K. Matthew Cheek, P.E. — Hodges, Harbin, Newberry & Tribble, Inc.
Mr. Kevin Berry, P.E. — Hodges, Harbin, Newberry & Tribble, Inc.
s:101 msp projects foothills mswlfncl1235-78c dhr-emp updatel3 wgmp11235-78cfoothil1s wgmpph 5 report revl.0.docx
' 6004 Ponders Court, Greenville, Sr 29615 °,-864.288J265 �']864.286.4430 P—MinfoCahleoorp.com
BLECORRIMM

1s 1m 11
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... I
2.0 GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS.........................................................................................................2
3.0 WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN.............................................................................. 3
3.1 Groundwater Monitoring..............................................................................................................3
3.1.1 Monitoring Well Network.................................................................................................... 3
3.1.2 Changes in Groundwater Elevations................................................................................... 5
3.1.3 Monitoring Well Construction............................................................................................. 6
3.1.4 Monitoring Well Development............................................................................................. 6
3.1.5 Maintenance and Recordkeeping........................................................................................ 7
3.1.6 Monitoring Well Abandonment........................................................................................... 7
3.1.7 Detection Monitoring Program........................................................................................... 8
3.1.7.1 Sampling Frequency.........................................................................................................
9
3.1.7.2 Establishment of Background Data..................................................................................
9
3.1.7.3 Evaluation of Detection Monitoring Data........................................................................
9
3.1.8 Assessment Monitoring Program......................................................................................10
3.1.9 Groundwater Sampling Methodology...............................................................................11
3.1.9.1 Sample Collection...........................................................................................................11
3.1.9.1.1 Sampling Frequency.................................................................................................11
3.1.9.1.2 Static Water Elevations.............................................................................................
11
3.1.9.1.3 Well Evacuation........................................................................................................
11
3.1.9.1.4 Sample Collection.....................................................................................................14
3.1.9.1.5 Decontamination.......................................................................................................14
3.1.9.2 Sample Preservation and Handling................................................................................
15
3.1.9.3 Chain -of -Custody Program.............................................................................................
15
3.1.9. 3.1 Sample Labels...........................................................................................................15
3.1.9.3.2 Sample Seal...............................................................................................................15
3.1.9.3.3 Field Logbook...........................................................................................................15
3.1.9.3.4 Chain -of -Custody Record..........................................................................................16
3.1.9.4 Analytical Procedures.....................................................................................................16
3.1.9.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program..........................................................
17
3.1.10 Statistical Methods (Optional)...........................................................................................18
3.2 Surface Water Monitoring..........................................................................................................18
3.2.1 Sampling Locations............................................................................................................ 18
3.2.2 Monitoring Frequency.......................................................................................................18
3.2.3 Surface Water Sampling Methodology..............................................................................19
3.2.3.1 Sample Collection...........................................................................................................19
3.2.3.1.1 Dipper Method..........................................................................................................19
3.2.3.1.2 Direct Method...........................................................................................................19
3.2.3.1.3 Decontamination.......................................................................................................19
3.2.3.2 Sample Preservation and Handling................................................................................
19
3.2.3.3 Chain -of -Custody Program.............................................................................................
20
3.2.3.3.1 Sample Labels...........................................................................................................
20
3.2.3.3.2 Sample Seal...............................................................................................................
20
3.2.3.3.3 Field Logbook...........................................................................................................
20
i of ii

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
3.2.3.3.4 Chain -of -Custody Record.......................................................................................... 20
3.2.3.4 Analytical Procedures..................................................................................................... 20
3.2.3.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program.......................................................... 20
3.3 Reporting......................................................................................................................................20
3.3.1 Monitoring Well Installation and Abandonment Reports ................................................ 20
3.3.2 Water Quality Reports........................................................................................................ 21
4.0 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................22
TABLES
Table 1 Summary of Groundwater Monitoring Well Construction Information
Table 2 Sampling and Preservation Procedures
FIGURES
Figure 1 Site Location Map
Figure 2 Environmental Monitoring System
Figure 3 Groundwater Monitoring Well Detail
APPENDICES
Appendix A
SWS Correspondence Regarding MW-3 and MW-3R
Appendix B
Existing Well Construction Records
Appendix C
NCDEQ Water Quality Analytical and Reporting Requirements
Appendix D
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
Appendix E
Low -Flow Groundwater Purging and Sampling Guidance
ii of ii

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
1.0 INTRODUCTION
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
The existing Foothills Regional Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill is located on Cheraw Road
approximately two miles northwest of Lenoir, North Carolina (Figure 1). The landfill is owned by Caldwell
County and operated by Republic Services of North Carolina, LLC (Republic). The existing site consists of
about 281.8 acres, which was formerly hardwood forest and abandoned plant nursery. Currently, Phases 1,
2, 3, and 4 at the landfill consists of Cells No. IAB, 2AB, 3AB/C, 4, 5A/B, and 8A. Republic now plans to
develop Phase 5, which will consist of Cells No. 6, 7, and 8B at the facility.
This Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) has been prepared to include procedures and locations for
groundwater, underdrain, and surface water monitoring as required by the following North Carolina Solid
Waste Management Rules (NCSWMR):
• Groundwater —North Carolina Rules for Solid Waste Management, 15A NCAC 13B Rules .0601,
and .1630 through .1637.
• Surface Water —North Carolina Rules for Solid Waste Management, 15A NCAC 13B Rule. 0602.
The WQMP contained herein is designed to detect and quantify contamination, as well as to measure the
effectiveness of engineered disposal systems. The groundwater, underdrain, and surface water monitoring
networks for this site have been designed to provide an early warning of a potential disposal system failure.
The locations of the groundwater, underdrain, and surface water monitoring points are indicated on the
attached Figure 2 titled Environmental Monitoring System.
1 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
2.0 GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Geologic conditions for this site summarized herein are described in the Design Hydrogeologic Report (DHR),
Phase 5 (Cells No. 6, 7, and 8B), Foothills Regional MSW Landfill, Caldwell County, North Carolina dated
October 20, 2017 (BLE Project Number J15-1235-78/78A).
The subject site is located within the Inner Piedmont Belt of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The
crystalline rocks of the Inner Piedmont Belt occur in generally northeast -southwest trending geologic belts in
the Carolinas and consist of a stack of highly metamorphosed thrust sheets bound on the northwest by the
Brevard Shear Zone and to the southeast by the Kings Mountain Shear Zone.
The Inner Piedmont includes high-grade metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks that have been
exposed to multiple deformations (Horton and Zullo, 1991). Rock types that resulted from the multiple
metamorphisms include gneiss, schist and amphibolite with northeast/southwest trending foliation with
varying degrees of dip. Quaternary -age sediments consisting of sand and gravel fill the stream valleys.
The geologic conditions encountered while drilling were often variable with boulders and seams of partially
weathered rock occurring throughout the subsurface soil overburden profile. In general, four zones were
encountered: 1) alluvial sediments in the lower elevation areas; 2) the residual soils from the weathered gneiss
and schist; 3) the partially weathered rock; and 4) the fractured gneiss and schist bedrock. The alluvial soils
were derived from the transport and deposition of sediment from on -site drainage features. The residual soil
units were derived from the in -place chemical weathering of the underlying gneiss and schist bedrock in the
surrounding region.
Groundwater is present above the bedrock surface in the lower elevation areas of the site but occurs at or
below the bedrock surface in higher elevation areas. The water -table aquifer across much of the site consists
of the residual saprolitic soil, partially weathered rock, and fractured gneiss and schist bedrock. These units
are hydraulically connected and thus comprise a single unconfined aquifer, although recharge rates, flow rates
and storativity differ between the units based on the unique geologic conditions of each zone. The
configuration of the water table surface is a subdued replica of the ground surface.
The number, location, and placement of monitoring locations are recommended herein based on the site
specific geologic and hydrogeologic site characteristics described in the current and prior DHR reports for the
facility.
2 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
3.0 WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
This Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) will serve as a guidance document for collecting and
analyzing groundwater samples, evaluating the associated analytical results, and monitoring for any
potential releases to the underlying unconfined aquifer from the Foothills Regional MSW Landfill.
This WQMP complies with NCSWMR, Title 15A, Subchapter 13B Rules .0601, and .1630 through .1637
pertaining to groundwater monitoring, and the requirements for surface water monitoring specified in Rule
.0602.
3.1 Groundwater Monitoring
3.1.1 Monitoring Well Network
The proposed groundwater monitoring network for the Foothills Regional MSW Landfill is designed to
monitor for potential releases to the uppermost aquifer at the site. The proposed network will consist of one
upgradient well (MW-1R2), fourteen downgradient wells (MW-2R, MW-3R2, MW-4, MW-5, MW-6,
MW-7, MW-8, MW-9, MW-10, MW-11, MW-12, MW-13, MW-14, and MW-15) and two downgradient
underdrain monitoring points (UD-1 and UD-2). All monitoring locations currently exist except for MW-
12, MW-13, MW-14, and MW-15 (which will be installed in conjunction with Phase 5 development). The
location of each well and underdrain is indicated on the Environmental Monitoring System (Figure 2). A
description of each groundwater monitoring point in the network and the proposed sequence of installation
is provided below.
Monitoring
Proposed and Existing Monitoring Well Location and Justification
Location
MW-1R2
Existing upgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater in the bedrock unit
(existing)
upgradient and north of the facility's waste disposal units.
MW-2R
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater in the bedrock
(existing)
unit south of Cell No. 113. The well location is based on the local southward radial flow
direction. The well is located approximately 90 feet from the waste footprint and
intersects groundwater flow from the Cell No. I area.
MW-3R2
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater in the bedrock
(existing)
unit south of Cell No. 113. The well location is based on the local southwestward radial
flow direction. The well is located approximately 95 feet from the waste footprint and
intersects groundwater flow from the Cells No. I and I areas.
MW-4
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater in the saprolitic
(existing)
soil and bedrock units west of Cell No. IA. The well location is based on the local
westward convergent flow direction and the sump location for Cell No. IA. The well is
located approximately 70 feet from the waste footprint and intersects groundwater flow
from the Cells No. 1A, 113, and 5A areas.
MW-5
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater in the saprolitic
(existing)
soil unit west of Cell No. 2A. The well location is based on the local westward
convergent flow direction and the sump location for Cell No. 2A. The well is located
approximately 95 feet from the waste footprint and intersects groundwater flow from the
Cells No. IA, 1B, 2A, 2B, and 5A areas.
3 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Monitoring
Proposed and Existing Monitoring Well Location and Justification
Location
MW-6
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater in the saprolitic
(existing)
soil unit west of Cell No. 3A. The well location is based on the local westward convergent
flow direction and the sump location for Cell No. 3A. The well is located approximately
75 feet from the waste footprint and intersects groundwater flow from Cells No. 3A, 313,
3C, and future Cell No. 5B.
MW-7
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater west of Cell No.
(existing)
4. The well location is based on the local convergent westward groundwater flow
direction and the Cell No. 4 sump location. The well location is located approximately
130 feet from the waste footprint and intersects groundwater flow from Cells No. 4, 8A,
and future Cells No. 6 and 7.
MW-8
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater west of Cell No.
(existing)
8A. The well location is based on the local westward groundwater flow direction. The
well is located approximately 220 feet from the waste footprint for Cell No. 8A and 130
feet from the future Cell No. 8B. The well intersects groundwater flow from Cell No.
8A and future Cell No. 8B.
MW-9
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater south of Cell No.
(existing)
5A. The well location is based on the local southward groundwater flow direction and
the Cell No. 5A sump location. The well location is approximately 70 feet from the
waste boundary and intersects groundwater flow from Cell No. 5A, and future Cells No.
5B and 6.
MW-10
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the groundwater southeast of Cell
(existing)
No. 5A. The well location is based on the local southeastward groundwater flow
direction. The well location is approximately 85 feet from the waste boundary and
intersects groundwater flow from Cell No. 5A and future Cells No. 5B and 6.
MW-11
Existing downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the water table east of Cell No.
(existing)
5B. The well location is based on the local convergent southeastward groundwater flow
direction. The well location is approximately 70 feet from the waste boundary and
intersects roundwater flow from Cells No. 5B and 6.
MW-12
Proposed downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the water table east of Cell No.
(proposed)
6. The well location is based on the local convergent southeastward groundwater flow
direction. The well location will intersect groundwater flow from Cells No. 6 and 7. The
well will be installed in conjunction with Cell No. 6 construction.
MW-13
Proposed downgradient monitoring well set to intersect the water table east of Cell No.
(proposed)
7. The well location is based on the local southeastward groundwater flow direction.
The well location will intersect groundwater flow from Cell No. 7. The well will be
installed in conjunction with Cell No. 7 construction.
MW-14
Proposed sidegradient monitoring well set to intersect the water table north of Cell No.
(proposed)
7. The well location is based on the local westward groundwater flow direction. The
well location will intersect groundwater flow from Cell No. 7. The well will be installed
in conjunction with Cell No. 7 construction.
MW-15
Proposed sidegradient monitoring well set to intersect the water table north of Cell No.
(proposed)
8B. The well location is based on the local westward groundwater flow direction. The
well location will intersect groundwater flow from Cell No. 8B. The well will be
installed in conjunction with Cell No. 8B construction.
4 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Monitoring I Proposed and Existing Monitoring Well Location and Justification
Location
UD-1 Existing underdrain downgradient monitoring point set to monitor an existing French
(existing) drain discharge point. The monitoring point is located at the discharge outlet of the
existing French drain west of Cell No. IA and near the outfall of Sediment Basin No. 1.
This point monitors groundwater which is collected in the existing French drain piping
network located under Cells No. IA, 1B, 2A, and 2B.
UD-2 Existing underdrain downgradient monitoring point set to monitor an existing French
(existing) drain discharge point. The monitoring point is located at the discharge outlet of the
existing French drain west of Cell No. 4. This point monitors groundwater which is
collected in the existing French drain piping network located under Cells No. 4 and 8A.
The existing and proposed well locations are selected to yield groundwater samples representative of the
conditions in the uppermost aquifer underlying the facility, and to monitor for potential releases from the
landfill unit. Well placement, well construction methods, well development, well maintenance, and well
abandonment procedures are discussed in the following sections. Groundwater monitoring wells shall be
sampled during the active life of the landfill as well as the post -closure period, in accordance with 15A
NCAC 13B Rule .1630 of the NCSWMR. Where accessible and practical, the new monitoring wells are
proposed to be installed approximately halfway between the waste boundary and the relevant point of
compliance (250 feet from the waste boundary). This midway distance of approximately 125 feet is
informally referred to as the "review boundary". The purpose of the review boundary is to provide a method
for early detection ahead of the relevant point of compliance limit in accordance with 15A NCAC 2L .0108.
Monitoring wells MW-3 and MW-3R will remain on -site for water level monitoring in accordance with
correspondence received from the North Carolina Solid Waste Section (SWS) on December 14, 2006.
Approval for these two wells to be removed from the compliance network was included in the same
correspondence. A copy of this letter is included in Appendix A of this report.
3.1.2 Changes in Groundwater Elevations
After each sampling event, groundwater surface elevations will be evaluated to determine whether the
monitoring system remains adequate, and to determine the rate and direction of groundwater flow.
The direction of groundwater flow will be determined semiannually by comparing the groundwater surface
elevations among the monitoring wells and constructing a groundwater surface elevation contour map. The
groundwater flow rate shall be determined using the following modified Darcy equation:
V=
Ki
n
e
where V = the groundwater flow rate (feet/day)
K = the hydraulic conductivity (feet/day)
i = the hydraulic gradient, Ah/Al (foot/foot)
ne = the effective porosity of the host medium (unitless)
Ah = the change in groundwater elevation between two wells or
groundwater contours (feet)
Al = the distance between the same two wells or groundwater
contours (feet)
5 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
If the evaluation shows that the groundwater monitoring system does not satisfy the requirements of the
NCSWMR, the monitoring system will be modified accordingly. These modifications may include a
change in the number, location, and/or depth of the monitoring wells.
3.1.3 Monitoring Well Construction
The well completion information for the existing groundwater monitoring wells are included on Table 1.
The completed boring and well construction logs for the existing wells are included in the Appendix B.
Boring logs/well construction records for proposed monitoring wells will be submitted to the SWS
following installation.
Drilling and installation of any new monitoring wells will be performed in accordance with the
specifications outlined in 15A NCAC Subchapter 2C, Section .0100. Further guidance is provided in the
Draft North Carolina Water Quality Monitoring Guidance Document for Solid Waste Facilities; Solid
Waste Section, Division of Solid Waste Management; Department of Environment, Health and Natural
Resources (March 1995).
Each groundwater monitoring well will consist of 2-inch diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Schedule 40
ASTM 480, NSF -rated) casing with flush -threaded joints installed in a 6.0-inch (or larger) nominal diameter
borehole in soil or bedrock.
The bottom 15-foot section of each well will be a manufactured well screen with 0.010-inch wide machined
slots with a 0.20-foot long sediment trap threaded onto the bottom of the screen section. The screen section
of each well will be set to intersect the water table in the residual soil or the water -producing fractures in
the bedrock. Silica filter sand will be placed around the outside of the pipe up to approximately 2-feet
above the top of the well screen. A hydrated bentonite seal will be installed on top of the filter sand backfill
to seal the monitoring well at the desired level. The borehole will then be grouted with a bentonite-cement
grout mixture up to the ground surface. The surface completion of each well consisted of a PVC cap and a
lockable 4" x 4" x 5' standup protective steel cover, with a 3-foot by 3-foot concrete pad at the base of the
steel cover. Each well will be constructed with a vent hole in the PVC casing near the top of the well and
a weep hole near the base of the outer protective steel cover. An identification plate will be fastened to the
protective steel cover that specifies the well identification number, drilling contractor, date installed, total
depth, and construction details. A typical groundwater monitoring well construction detail is attached as
Figure 3.
A geologist or engineer will oversee drilling activities and prepare boring and well construction logs for
each newly installed well. As -built locations of new wells will be located by a surveyor licensed in North
Carolina to within +0.1 foot on the horizontal plane and +0.01 foot vertically in reference to existing survey
points. A boring log, well construction log, groundwater monitoring network map, and well installation
certification will be submitted to the SWS upon completion.
3.1.4 Monitoring Well Development
Newly constructed wells will be developed to remove particulates that are present in the well due to
construction activities, and to interconnect the well with the aquifer. Development of new monitoring wells
will be performed no sooner than 24 hours after well construction. Wells may be developed with disposable
bailers, a mechanical well developer, or other approved method. A surge block may be used as a means of
assessing the integrity of the well screen and riser. In the event a pump is employed, the design of the pump
6 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
will be such that any groundwater that has come into contact with air is not allowed to drain back into the
well. Each well will be developed until sediment -free water with stabilized field parameters (i.e., turbidity,
temperature, pH, and specific conductance) is obtained.
Well development equipment (bailers, pumps, surge blocks) and any additional equipment that contacts
subsurface formations will be decontaminated prior to on -site use, between consecutive on -site uses, and/or
between consecutive well installations.
The purge water will be disposed on the ground surface at least 10 feet downgradient of the monitoring
well being purged, unless field characteristics suggest the water will need to be otherwise disposed. If field
characteristics suggest, the purge water will be containerized and disposed in the facility's leachate
collection system, or by other approved disposal means.
Samples withdrawn from the facility's monitoring wells should be clay- and silt -free; therefore, existing
wells may require re -development from time to time based upon observed turbidity levels during sampling
activities. If re -development of an existing monitoring well is required, it will be performed in a manner
similar to that used for a new well.
3.1.5 Maintenance and Recordkeeping
The existing monitoring wells will be used and maintained in accordance with design specifications
throughout the life of the monitoring program. Routine well maintenance will include inspection and
conrection/repair, as necessary, of identification labels, concrete aprons, locking caps and locks, and access
to the wells.
Should it be determined that background or compliance monitoring wells no longer provide samples
representative of the quality of groundwater passing the relevant point of compliance, the SWS will be
notified. The owner will re-evaluate the monitoring network, and provide recommendations to the SWS
for modifying, rehabilitating, abandoning, or installing replacement or additional monitoring wells, as
appropriate.
Laboratory analytical results will be submitted to the SWS semiannually, along with sample collection field
logs, statistical analyses (if used), groundwater flow rate and direction calculations, and a groundwater
contour map as described in the following sections. Analytical data, calculations, and other relevant
groundwater monitoring records will be kept throughout the active life of the facility and the post -closure
care period, including notices and reports of any groundwater quality standards (15A NCAC 2L, .0202)
exceedances, re -sampling notifications, and re -sampling results.
3.1.6 Monitoring Well Abandonment
Piezometers and wells installed within the proposed landfill footprint will be properly abandoned in
accordance with the procedures for permanent abandonment, as described in 15A NCAC 2C Rule .0113(b).
The piezometers and wells will be progressively abandoned as necessary to complete construction
activities. The piezometers and wells that are within the proposed footprint will be over -drilled to remove
well construction materials, and then grouted with a cement-bentonite grout. Other piezometers and wells
that will potentially interfere with clearing and construction activities will be grouted in place without over -
drilling by grouting the well in place with a cement-bentonite grout and removing all surface features, such
as concrete aprons, protective casings, and stickups. In each case, the bentonite content of the cement-
7 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
bentonite grout shall be approximately 5%, and a tremie pipe will be used to ensure that grout is
continuously placed from the bottom of the borehole/monitoring well upward.
If a monitoring well becomes unusable during the monitoring period of the landfill, the well will be
abandoned in accordance with the procedures described above. Approval from the SWS will be obtained
prior to abandoning any monitoring well.
For each monitoring well abandoned, the following information will be provided to the SWS in a report
sealed by a licensed geologist in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B Rule .1623 of the NCSWMR: the
monitoring well name, a description of the procedure by which the monitoring well was abandoned, the
date when the monitoring well was considered to be taken out of service, and the date when the monitoring
well was abandoned.
3.1.7 Detection Monitoring Program
Groundwater samples will be obtained and analyzed semiannually for the NCAppendix I list of constituents,
as defined in the Detection Monitoring Program (15A NCAC 13B .1633), during the life of the facility and
the post -closure care period.
The SWS has issued six (6) memoranda concerning guidelines for electronic submittal of monitoring data
and environmental reporting limits and standards for constituents. Those memoranda include:
• New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data (dated October 27,
2006).
• Addendum to the October 27, 2006 North Carolina Solid Waste Section Memorandum
Regarding New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data (dated February 23,
2007).
• Environmental Monitoring Data for North Carolina Solid Waste Facilities (dated October 16,
2007).
• Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil, Sediment, and Landfill Gas Electronic Document Submittal
(dated November 5, 2014).
• North Carolina Solid Waste Section Memorandum Regarding Guidelines for 14-Day
Notification of Groundwater Exceedances Form Submittal per rule: 15A NCAC IB .1633(c)(1)
(dated September 9, 2016).
The SWS has also issued a Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Reporting Limits and Standards —
Constituent List which consolidates reporting standards and limits for each required constituent.
Copies of the memoranda and constituent list are included in Appendix C.
The results of the groundwater data (and statistical analysis, if the owner so chooses to perform) will be
submitted to the SWS semiannually. The reports will be submitted in electronic format (pdf format via
CD-ROM or email, or other NCDEQ appropriate electronic method) in accordance with applicable
guidance to the SWS and accompanied by the required Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form, which
will be signed and sealed by a licensed geologist in the State of North Carolina. A copy of this form is also
included in Appendix D for reference.
8 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
3.1.7.1 Sampling Frequency
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Groundwater samples will be collected semiannually and analyzed for NC Appendix I Detection Monitoring
constituents (Appendix C) plus required field parameters, including but not limited to, turbidity, pH,
conductivity, and temperature. Once a new monitoring well is installed, it will be sampled four times during
a six-month period; a minimum of one of the four background sampling events will be collected prior to
waste placement in the new cell that the new monitoring well is associated with. After the initial four
sampling events during the six-month period, a new monitoring well then be sampled one time during each
semiannual period thereafter. If the facility's groundwater monitoring program must progress to
Assessment Monitoring, notification and sampling will be conducted according to the schedule specified
in 15A NCAC 13B Rule .1634.
3.1.7.2 Establishment of Background Data
As mentioned in Section 3.1.7.1, once a new monitoring well is installed, it will be sampled four times
during a six-month period; a minimum of one of the four background sampling events will be collected
prior to waste placement in the new cell that the new monitoring well is associated with as specified in the
Permit, once issued by the SWS. Samples collected from these wells will be analyzed for the NCAppendix
I constituents. The intent of background sampling is to collect data to more accurately reflect the natural
fluctuations that may occur with these constituents. The data will be submitted to the SWS after completing
the fourth background sampling event.
3.1.7.3 Evaluation of Detection Monitoring Data
If the owner or operator determines that there is an exceedance of a groundwater protection standard (i.e.,
the groundwater protection standards (15A NCAC 2L, .0202); a 2L Interim Maximum Allowable
Concentration; a groundwater protection standard calculated by the SWS; or a site -specific statistical
background level approved by the SWS) for one or more of the constituents in the NC Appendix I list of
constituents (Appendix C) at any monitoring well, the following procedures will be performed:
1) Follow the guidance and notification procedures in NCDEQ's September 2016 memorandum
regarding Guidelines for 14-Day Notification of Groundwater Exceedances (included in Appendix
C).
2) Within 90 days, establish an Assessment Monitoring Program meeting the requirements of 15A
NCAC 13B Rule .1634, except as discussed below.
The data may be re-evaluated within 90 days to determine that a source other than a landfill unit caused the
exceedance, or the exceedance resulted from an error in sampling, analysis, or natural variation in
groundwater quality. If it can be demonstrated that one of these factors occurred, a report (Alternate Source
Demonstration) certified by a North Carolina licensed geologist or engineer will be submitted to the SWS
within 90 days. A copy of this report will be placed in the operating record. If the SWS approves the
demonstration, the Detection Monitoring Program will be resumed with the required semiannual sampling
and analysis. If the SWS does not accept the demonstration within 90 days, the Assessment Monitoring
Program will be initiated.
9 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
3.1.8 Assessment Monitoring Program
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Assessment Monitoring (15A NCAC 13B .1634) is required whenever a violation of the groundwater
quality standards (15A NCAC 2L, .0202) has occurred, and no source of error, alternate source, or naturally
occurring condition can be identified.
Within 90 days of triggering the Assessment Monitoring Program, and annually thereafter, groundwater
will be sampled for analysis of the NC Appendix II list of constituents. A minimum of one groundwater
sample will be collected from each well and submitted for analysis during each Assessment Monitoring
sampling event. However, the NCSWMR allow for petitions to the SWS for an appropriate subset of wells
or a reduction in the NC Appendix II sampling list.
If any NC Appendix II constituents are detected in groundwater from the downgradient wells, a minimum
of four independent samples will be collected from each background and downgradient well to establish
background concentrations for the detected NC Appendix II constituents.
Within 14 days after receipt of the initial or subsequent sampling analytical data, a report identifying the
detected NC Appendix II constituents will be submitted to the SWS in accordance with the guidance and
notification requirements in NCDEQ's September 9, 2016 memorandum included in Appendix C, and a
notice will be placed in the operating record. Background concentrations of any detected NC Appendix II
constituents will be established and reported to the SWS.
Within 90 days, and on at least a semiannual basis thereafter, the wells will be sampled and analyzed for
the NC Appendix I list plus any additional detected NC Appendix II constituents. An analytical results
report of each sampling event will be submitted to the SWS and placed in the landfill facility operating
record.
The SWS will determine whether Groundwater Protection Standards must be established for the facility
(15 NCAC 13B .1634(g) and (h)) and may specify a more appropriate alternate sampling frequency for
repeated sampling and analysis for the full set of NC Appendix II constituents. Groundwater monitoring
will continue in one of two ways, based on the results of the water quality analyses:
1) If the NC Appendix II constituent concentrations are equal to or less than the approved Groundwater
Protection Standards for two consecutive sampling events, the facility may return to Detection
Monitoring with the approval of SWS.
2) If one or more NC Appendix II constituents are detected in excess of the approved Groundwater
Protection Standards, and no source of error can be identified, within 14 days the SWS will be
notified in accordance with the guidance and notification requirements in NCDEQ's September 9,
2016 memorandum included in Appendix C, a notice will be placed in the operating record, and
appropriate local government officials will be notified. In addition, the facility will initiate an
Assessment of Corrective Measures, conduct a public meeting, submit a North Carolina Solid
Waste Groundwater Corrective Action Permit Modification Application selection of remedy, and
submit a Corrective Action Plan in accordance with the NC Solid Waste Section Guidance for
Corrective Action at Solid Waste Facilities.
Refer to Appendix C of this WQMP for a list of the required constituents, analytical methods, and reporting
limits. These lists were updated in the October 27, 2006 memorandum and February 23, 2007, addendum,
from the SWS. The results of the groundwater data will be submitted to the SWS semiannually. The reports
10 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
will be submitted in electronic format (pdf format via CD-ROM or email, or other NCDEQ appropriate
electronic method) with analytical data submitted in the required format and be accompanied by the
required Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form, which will be signed and sealed by a licensed
geologist or engineer in the State of North Carolina. A copy of this form is also included in Appendix D.
3.1.9 Groundwater Sampling Methodology
Groundwater samples will be collected in accordance with Solid Waste Management Rules 15A NCAC
13B Rule .1632 and guidance provided in the Solid Waste Section Guidelines For Groundwater, Soil, and
Surface Water Sampling (Rev 4-08). Procedures for well purging, sample withdrawal, and decontamination
methods as well as chain -of -custody procedures are outlined below. Field parameter measurements will be
submitted electronically to the SWS in a format consistent with that required in the October 27, 2006,
memorandum and February 23, 2007 addendum.
3.1.9.1 Sample Collection
The procedures for collecting groundwater samples are presented below, which include sampling
frequency, water level measurements, well evacuation, low -flow purging, sample collection, and
decontamination. The background well (MW-1R2) will be sampled first, followed by the downgradient
compliance wells. The downgradient wells will be sampled so that the most contaminated well, if one is
identified from the previous sampling event, is sampled last. Samples will also be collected from the
underdrain drain discharge points (UD-1 and UD-2). Sampling procedures for the underdrain drain
discharge points should follow surface water sampling procedures specified in Section 3.Z3 below.
3.1.9.1.1 Sampling Frequency
The above -mentioned samples will be collected on a semiannual basis during the Detection and/or
Assessment Monitoring programs.
3.1.9.1.2 Static Water Elevations
The static water level and total well depth will be measured with an electronic water level indicator, to the
nearest 0.01 foot, in each well prior to sampling. Static water elevations will be calculated from water
depth measurements and top of casing elevations. A reference point will be marked on the top of casing of
each well to ensure the same measuring point is used each time static water levels are measured.
If a monitoring well contains a dedicated pump, the depth to water shall be measured without removing the
pump. Depth to bottom measurements should be taken from the well construction data and updated when
pumps are removed for maintenance.
3.1.9.1.3 Well Evacuation
The preferred well evacuation and sampling procedure for the site is a low -flow purge (micropurge) and
sample methodology. However, in the event of a pump malfunction or other field condition that will not
allow this type of purging, standard evacuation procedures are presented below.
11 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
3.1.9.1.3.1 Standard Evacuation Procedures
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
In the event that low -flow purging and sampling cannot be employed, monitoring wells will be evacuated
with a submersible pump or a disposable bailer. If the pump is used for multiple wells, it and any other
non -dedicated equipment will be decontaminated before use and between each well.
A low -yield well (one that yields less than 0.5 gallon per minute) will be purged so that water is removed
from the bottom of the screened interval. Low -yield wells will be evacuated to dryness once. However, at
no time will a well be evacuated to dryness if the recharge rate causes the formation water to vigorously
cascade down the sides of the screen and cause an accelerated loss of volatiles. Upon recharging of the
well and no longer than a time period of 24 hours after purging, the first sample will be field-tested for
turbidity, pH, temperature, and specific conductivity. Samples will then be collected and containerized in
the order of the volatilization sensitivity of the target constituents.
A high -yield well (one that yields 0.5 gallon per minute or more) will be purged so that water is drawn
down from above the screen in the uppermost part of the water column to ensure that fresh water from the
formation will move upward in the screen. If a pump is used for purging, a high -yield well should be
purged at less than 4 gallons per minute to prevent further well development.
A minimum of three casing volumes will be evacuated from each well prior to sampling. An alternative
purge will be considered complete if the monitoring well goes dry before removing the calculated minimum
purge volume. The well casing volume for a 2 inch well will be calculated using the following formula:
where:
Vc (gallons) = 0.163 x hW
V, = volume in the well casing = (dc2/4) x 3.14 x hW x 7.48 gallons/cubic foot)
dc = casing diameter in feet (dc = 0.167)
hW = height of the water column (i.e., well depth minus depth to water)
The purge water will be disposed by pouring on the ground surface at least 10 feet downgradient of the
monitoring well being purged, unless field characteristics suggest the purge water may be contaminated. In
that case, the purged water will be containerized and disposed in the facility's leachate collection system
(or by other approved disposal means).
The monitoring wells will be sampled using disposable bailers within 24 hours of completing the purge.
The bailers will be equipped with a check valve and bottom -emptying device. The bailer will be lowered
gently into the well to minimize the possibility of degassing the water.
Field measurements of turbidity, pH, temperature, and specific conductivity will be made before and after
sample collection as a check on the stability of the groundwater sampled over time. The direct -reading
equipment used at each well will be calibrated in the field according to the manufacturer's specifications
prior to each day's use. Calibration information should be documented in the instrument's calibration
logbook and the field book.
3.1.9.1.3.2 Low -Flow Procedures
Under normal conditions, monitoring wells will be purged and sampled using the low -flow sampling
method in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Low -Flow
12 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
(Minimal Dawwdown) Sampling Procedures (April 1996), as allowed under the NCSWMR. A summary of
these procedures is listed below, and a copy of the procedures is presented in Appendix E.
Depth -to -water measurements will be obtained using an electronic water level indicator capable of
recording the depth to an accuracy of 0.01 foot. A determination of whether or not the water table is located
within the screened interval of the well will be made. If the water table is not within the screened interval,
the amount of drawdown that can be achieved before the screen is intersected will be calculated. If the
water table is within the screened interval, total drawdown should not exceed 1 foot so as to minimize the
amount of aeration and turbidity. If the water table is above the top of the screened interval, the amount of
drawdown should be minimized to keep the screen from being exposed.
If the purging equipment is non -dedicated, the equipment will be lowered into the well, taking care to
minimize the disturbance to the water column. If conditions (i.e., water column height and well yield)
allow, the pump will be placed in the uppermost portion of the water column (minimum of 18 inches of
pump submergence is recommended).
The minimum volume/time period for obtaining independent Water Quality Parameter Measurements
(WQPM) will be determined. The minimum volume/time period is determined based on the stabilized flow
rate and the amount of volume in the pump and the discharge tubing (alternatively, the volume of the flow
cell can be used, provided it is greater than the volume of the pump and discharge tubing). Volume of the
bladder pump should be obtained from the manufacturer. Volume of the discharge tubing is as follows:
3/8-inch inside diameter tubing: 20 milliliters per foot
1/4-inch inside diameter tubing: 10 milliliters per foot
3/16-inch inside diameter tubing: 5 milliliters per foot
Once the volume of the flow -cell or the pump and the discharge tubing has been calculated, the well purge
will begin. The flow rate should be based on historical data for that well (if available) and should not
exceed 500 milliliters per minute. The initial round of WQPM should be recorded and the flow rate adjusted
until drawdown in the well stabilizes. Water levels should be measured periodically to maintain a stabilized
water level. The water level should not fall within 1 foot of the top of the well screen. If the purge rate has
been reduced to 100 milliliters or less and the head level in the well continues to decline, the required water
samples should be collected following stabilization of the WQPM, based on the criteria presented below.
If neither the head level nor the WQPM stabilize, a passive sample should be collected. Passive sampling
is defined as sampling before WQPM have stabilized if the well yield is low enough that the well will purge
dry at the lowest possible purge rate (generally 100 milliliters per minute or less).
WQPM stabilization is defined as follows:
• pH (+/- 0.2 S.U.);
• conductance (+/- 10% of reading);
• temperature (+/- 10% of reading or 0.20C);
• Optional: dissolved oxygen (DO) may also be measured and ideally should fall within +/- 10% of
reading or 0.2 mg/L (whichever is greater); however, this is not a required field parameter; and
• Optional: oxidation reduction potential (ORP) may also be measured and ideally should also fall
within +/- 10% of reading; however, this is not a required field parameter.
13 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Stabilization of the WQPM should occur in most wells within five to six rounds of measurements. If
stabilization does not occur following the removal of a purge volume equal to three well volumes, a passive
sample will be collected.
At a minimum, turbidity measurements should also be recorded at the beginning of purging, following the
stabilization of the WQPM, and following the collection of the samples. The optimal turbidity range for
micropurging is 25 NTU or less. Turbidity measurements above 25 NTU are generally indicative of an
excessive purge rate or natural conditions related to excessive fines in the aquifer matrix.
The direct -reading equipment used at each well will be calibrated in the field according to the
manufacturer's specifications prior to each day's use and checked at a minimum at the end of each sampling
day. Calibration information should be documented in the instrument's calibration logbook and the field
book.
Each well is to be sampled immediately following stabilization of the WQPM. The sampling flow rate
must be maintained at a rate that is less than or equal to the purging rate. For volatile organic compounds,
lower sampling rates (100 - 200 milliliters/minute) should be used. Final field parameter readings should
be recorded prior to and after sampling.
3.1.9.1.4 Sample Collection
Samples will be collected and containerized in the order described below.
• Volatile Organic Compounds (SW-846 Method 8260);
• Semi -Volatile Organic Compounds (SW-846 Method 8270);
• Herbicides (SW-846 Method 8151);
• Pesticides (SW-846 Method 8080);
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs; SW-846 Method 8082);
• Cyanide and Sulfide; and
• Total Metals.
Total metals samples may be collected out of sequence if the turbidity increases during sample collection.
Samples will be transferred directly from field sampling equipment into pre -preserved, laboratory -supplied
containers. Containers for volatile organic analyses will be filled in such a manner that no headspace
remains after filling.
3.1.9.1.5 Decontamination
Non -dedicated field equipment that is used for purging or sample collection shall be cleaned with a
phosphate -free detergent, and triple -rinsed with distilled water. Any disposable polyethylene tubing used
with non -dedicated pumps should be discarded after use at each well. Clean, chemical -resistant nitrile
gloves will be worn by sampling personnel during well evacuation and sample collection. Measures will
be taken to prevent surface soils, which could introduce contaminants into the well being sampled, from
coming in contact with the purging and sampling equipment.
14 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
3.1.9.2 Sample Preservation and Handling
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Upon containerizing the water samples, the samples will be packed into pre -chilled, ice -filled coolers and
either hand -delivered or shipped overnight by a commercial carrier to the laboratory for analysis. Sample
preservation methods will be used to retard biological action and hydrolysis, as well as to reduce sorption
effects. These methods will include chemical preservation, cooling/refrigeration at 4° C, and protection
from light. The type of sample container, minimum volume, chemical preservative, and holding times for
each analysis type are provided in Table 2.
3.1.9.3 Chain -of -Custody Program
The chain -of -custody program will allow for tracing sample possession and handling from the time of field
collection through laboratory analysis. The chain -of -custody program includes sample labels, sample seal,
field logbook, and chain -of -custody record.
3.1.9.3.1 Sample Labels
Legible labels sufficiently durable to remain legible when wet will contain the following information:
• Site identification;
• Sampling location identifier;
• Date and time of collection;
• Name of collector;
• Parameters to be analyzed; and
• Preservative, if applicable.
3.1.9.3.2 Sample Seal
The shipping container will be sealed to ensure that the samples have not been disturbed during transport
to the laboratory. The tape used to seal the shipping container will be labeled with instructions to notify
the shipper if the seal is broken prior to receipt at the laboratory.
3.1.9.3.3 Field Logbook
The field logbook will contain sheets documenting the following information:
• Identification of the well;
• Well depth;
• Field meter calibration information;
• Static water level depth and measurement technique;
• Purge volume (given in gallons);
• Time well was purged;
• Date and time of collection;
• Well sampling sequence;
• Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers;
• Preservative used;
• Field analysis data and methods;
• Field observations on sampling event;
15 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Name of collector(s); and
Climatic conditions including air temperatures and precipitation.
3.1.9.3.4 Chain -of -Custody Record
The chain -of -custody record is required for tracing sample possession from time of collection to time of
receipt at the laboratory. A chain -of -custody record will accompany each individual shipment. The record
will contain the following information:
• Sample destination and transporter;
• Sample identification numbers;
• Signature of collector;
• Date and time of collection;
• Sample type;
• Identification of well;
• Number of sample containers in shipping container;
• Parameters requested for analysis;
• Signature of person(s) involved in the chain of possession;
• Inclusive dates of possession; and
• Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening in laboratory (noted by the laboratory).
A copy of the completed chain -of -custody form will accompany the shipment and will be returned to the
shipper after the shipping container reaches its destination. The chain -of -custody record will also be used
as the analysis request sheet.
3.1.9.4 Analytical Procedures
A laboratory certified by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) will be utilized
for analysis of groundwater and surface water samples from the facility. Analyses will be performed in
accordance with U.S. EPA SW 846 methods detailed in the EPA guidance document (EPA, 2014). For
Detection Monitoring, method numbers and reporting limits to be used will be those listed in the October
27, 2006, SWS memorandum, which is titled New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental
Monitoring Data, is included in Appendix C of this WQMP. Alternate SW 846 methods may be used if
they have the same or lower reporting limit. The laboratory must report any detection of any constituent
even if it is detected below the solid waste reporting limit (as revised in the October 27, 2006,
memorandum). Monitoring parameters are also included in Appendix C of this WQMP, along with the
proposed analytical methods and reporting limits.
The laboratory certificates -of -analyses shall, at a minimum, include the following information:
Narrative: Must include a brief description of the sample group (number and type of samples, field
and associated lab sample identification numbers, preparation and analytical methods used). The
data reviewer shall also include a statement that all holding times and Quality Control (QC) criteria
were met, samples were received intact and properly preserved, with a brief discussion of any
deviations potentially affecting data usability. This includes, but is not limited to, test method
deviation(s), holding time violations, out -of -control incidents occurring during the processing of
QC or field samples and corrective actions taken, and repeated analyses and reasons for the re-
analyses (including, for example, contamination, failing surrogate recoveries, matrix effects, or
16 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
dilutions). The narrative shall be signed by the laboratory director or authorized laboratory
representative, signifying that all statements are true to the best of the reviewer's knowledge, and
that the data meet the data quality objectives as described in this plan (except as noted). One
narrative is required for each sample group.
• Original Chain -of Custody Form.
• Analyte List: The laboratory shall list all analytes for which the samples were analyzed. The list
is typically included as part of the analytical reporting forms.
• Dilution factors with a narrative of the sample results, including the reasons for the dilution (if any).
• Blank Data: For organic analyses, the laboratory shall report the results of any method blanks,
reagent blanks, trip blanks, field blanks, and any other blanks associated with the sample group.
For inorganic analyses, the laboratory shall provide the results of any preparation or initial
calibration blanks associated with the sample group.
• QC Summary: The laboratory will provide summary forms detailing laboratory QC sample results,
which include individual recoveries and relative percent differences (if appropriate) for the
following Quality Assurance (QA)/QC criteria: surrogates, MS analyses, MSD analyses, LCS, and
sample duplicate analyses. QC control limits shall also be reported; if any QC limits are exceeded,
a flag or footnote shall be placed to indicate the affected samples.
Additional QA data and/or other pertinent data may be reported as requested by the owner/operator of the
facility.
3.1.9.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program
Trip and field blanks will be collected and analyzed during each monitoring event to verify that the sample
collection and handling process has not affected the quality of the samples. The trip blank will be prepared
in the laboratory each time a group of VOA bottles is prepared for use in the field. The appropriate number
of bottles for VOA analysis will be filled with Type II reagent grade water, transported to the site, handled
like the samples, and shipped to the laboratory for analysis. The field blank will be prepared in the field
and exposed to the sampling environment. As with all other samples, the time of the blank exposure will
be recorded so that the sampling sequence is documented. The field blank will be analyzed for the same
list of constituents as the groundwater samples. The trip blank will be analyzed for volatile organic
compounds only. A minimum of one trip blank per cooler or one trip blank per cooler that contains volatile
organic compounds should be utilized. A minimum on one field blank per sampling event should be
utilized.
The assessment of blank analysis results will be in general accordance with EPA guidance documents (EPA,
1993 and 1994). No positive sample results will be relied upon unless the concentration of the compound
in the sample exceeds 10 times the amount in any blank for common laboratory contaminants (see next
paragraph), or five times the amount for other compounds. If necessary, re -sampling will be performed as
necessary to confirm or refute suspect data; such re -sampling will occur within the individual compliance
monitoring period.
17 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Concentrations of any contaminants found in the blanks will be used to qualify the groundwater data. Any
compound (other than those listed below) detected in the sample, which was also detected in any associated
blank, will be qualified `B" when the sample concentration is less than five times the blank concentration.
For common laboratory contaminants (methylene chloride, acetone, 2-butanone, and common phthalate
esters), the results will be qualified `B" when the reported sample concentration is less than 10 times the
blank concentration. The `B" qualifier designates that the reported detection is considered to represent
cross -contamination and that the reported constituent is not considered to be present in the sample at the
reported concentration.
3.1.10 Statistical Methods (Optional)
If the landfill owner or operator chooses, groundwater monitoring data for landfill compliance wells
screened in the uppermost aquifer may be evaluated using statistical procedures for inorganics. However
as specified in the NCSWMR, this is optional (not required) under 15A NCAC 13B .1632(g). The statistical
test used to evaluate the groundwater monitoring data will be the prediction interval procedure unless the
test is inappropriate with the data collected. If statistical evaluation of groundwater monitoring data is
selected, it will be performed in compliance with 15A NCAC 13B Rule .1632 (g), (h), and (i) and the
USEPA's Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Unified Guidance,
Office of Solid Waste, Waste Management Division, US EPA, dated March 2009.
3.2 Surface Water Monitoring
3.2.1 Sampling Locations
In accordance with 15A NCAC 13B Rule .0602 of the NCSWMR, seven surface water monitoring locations
have been established for the facility to monitor water quality surrounding the proposed and existing waste
footprint. There are five existing surface water sampling locations associated with Phases 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Two additional surface water location (SW-6 and SW-7) will be added with the development of Phase 5.
These seven locations are sufficient to monitor the upgradient (SW-1 and SW-3) and downgradient (SW-
2, SW-4, SW-5, SW-6, and SW-7) surface water for landfill Phases 1 through 5 and will be sampled as part
of the monitoring network for this facility. The locations of these monitoring points are shown on the
attached Figure 2 titled Environmental Monitoring System.
3.2.2 Monitoring Frequency
The surface water sampling locations will be sampled semiannually for analysis of the NC Appendix I list
of constituents (Appendix C) and required water quality parameters (pH, specific conductivity,
temperature, and turbidity). The results of the analysis of the surface water data will be submitted to the
SWS semiannually in conjunction with the groundwater data.
18 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
3.Z3 Surface Water Sampling Methodology
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
The surface water samples should be collected using the Dipper Method or the Direct Method described
below. In surface water sampling, extreme care must be used to obtain a representative sample. The
greatest potential source of inadvertent sample contamination is incorrect handling by field personnel.
Therefore, extreme care should be used during sample collection to minimize the potential for inadvertent
contamination.
3.2.3.1 Sample Collection
Surface water samples will be obtained from areas of minimal turbulence and aeration. Samples will only
be collected if flowing water is observed during the sampling event.
3.2.3.1.1 Dipper Method
A dip sampler is useful for situations where a sample is to be recovered from an outfall pipe or where direct
access is limited. The long handle on such a device allows sample collection from a discrete location.
Sampling procedures are as follows:
1. Assemble the dip sampler device in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
2. Extend the device to the sample location and collect the sample.
3. Retrieve the sampler and transfer the sample to the appropriate sample container.
3.2.3.1.2 Direct Method
The sampler should face upstream and collect the sample without disturbing the sediment. The collector
submerses the closed sample container, opens the bottle to collect the sample and then caps the bottle while
sub -surface. The collection bottle may be rinsed two times by the sample water. Collect the sample under
the water surface avoiding surface debris. When using the direct method, pre -preserved sample bottles
should not be used because the collection method may dilute the concentration of preservative necessary
for proper sample preservation. Samples will be collected using dedicated, clean, laboratory -provided
bottles, and then the samples are carefully transferred into the pre -preserved bottles for transport to the
laboratory.
3.2.3.1.3 Decontamination
Non -dedicated field equipment that is used for sample collection shall be cleaned with a phosphate -free
detergent, and triple -rinsed with distilled water. Clean, chemical -resistant nitrile gloves will be worn by
sampling personnel during sample collection. Measures will be taken to prevent surface soils, which could
introduce contaminants into the location being sampled, from coming in contact with the sampling
equipment.
3.2.3.2 Sample Preservation and Handling
The procedures for sample preservation and handling are specified above in Section 3.1.9.2.
19 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
3.2.3.3 Chain -of -Custody Program
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
The chain -of -custody program will allow for tracing sample possession and handling from the time of field
collection through laboratory analysis. The chain -of -custody program includes sample labels, sample seal,
field logbook, and chain -of -custody record.
3.2.3.3.1 Sample Labels
The procedures for labeling sample containers are specified above in Section 3.1.9.3.1.
3.2.3.3.2 Sample Seal
The procedures for shipping container sealing are specified above in Section 3.1.9.3.2.
3.2.3.3.3 Field Logbook
The field logbook will contain sheets documenting the following information:
• Sampling location identifier;
• Flow conditions observations;
• Field meter calibration information;
• Date and time of collection;
• Sequence of sampling locations;
• Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers;
• Preservative used;
• Field analysis data and methods;
• Field observations on sampling event;
• Name of collector(s); and
• Climatic conditions including air temperatures and precipitation.
3.2.3.3.4 Chain -of -Custody Record
The chain -of -custody record requirements are specified above in Section 3.1.9.3.4.
3.2.3.4 Analytical Procedures
Laboratory analytical requirements are specified above in Section 3.1.9.4.
3.2.3.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program
The Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program is specified above in Section 3.1.9.5.
3.3 Reporting
3.3.1 Monitoring Well Installation and Abandonment Reports
Groundwater monitoring well installation and abandonment reports will be prepared upon completion of
well installation or abandonment prior to waste disposal into a new cell in accordance with the phased
20 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
landfill construction for Phase 5. The monitoring well installation reports will include documentation of
boring logs, probe diagrams, development results, and field procedures. The abandonment reports will
include documentation of abandonment logs and field procedures. Monitoring well installation and
abandonment reports will be submitted in electronic format (pdf format via CD-ROM or email, or other
NCDEQ appropriate electronic method) in accordance with applicable guidance to the SWS, and if physical
copies are required, they will be sent to the SWS at the following address:
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management — Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Additionally, copies of all installation and abandonment reports will be kept at the landfill as part of the
facility's operating record.
3.3.2 Water Quality Reports
Copies of all laboratory analytical data will be forwarded to the SWS within 120 calendar days of the
sampling event (15A NCAC 13B .1632(i)), or as specified in the facility's permit, whichever is less. The
analytical data submitted will specify the date of sample collection, the sampling point identification, and
include a map of sampling locations. Should a concentration be detected above a North Carolina
groundwater or surface water action level as defined in North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules,
Groundwater Quality Standards, or Surface Water Quality Standards, the owner/operator of the landfill
shall notify the SWS and will place a notice in the landfill facility operating record as to which constituents
were detected; these notification and reporting requirements are specified in the SWS memoranda in
Appendix C. All monitoring reports will be submitted with the following:
1. A USGS map showing the location of the site;
2. A potentiometric surface map for the current sampling event that also includes surface water
sampling locations;
3. Analytical laboratory reports and summary tables;
4. An Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (included in Appendix D); and
5. Laboratory Data submitted in accordance with the Electronic Data Deliverable Template.
Monitoring reports may be submitted electronically by e-mail or in paper copy form. Copies of all
laboratory results and water quality reports for the Foothills Regional MSW Landfill will be kept at the
landfill office at part of the facility's operating record. Reports summarizing all groundwater quality results
and data evaluation will be submitted in electronic format (pdf format via CD-ROM or email, or other
NCDEQ appropriate electronic method) in accordance with applicable guidance to the SWS for each
sampling event, and if physical copies are required, they will be sent to the SWS at the following address:
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management — Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
21 of 22

1t 1m 1i
Water Quality Monitoring Plan — Phases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Foothills Regional MSW Landfill — Caldwell Co., NC
4.0 REFERENCES
October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019)
BLE Project No. J15-1235-78178AI78C
Bunnell-Lammons Engineering, Inc., October 20, 2017 (Revised March 20, 2019). Foothills Regional
Landfill, Design Hydrogeologic Report, Phase 5 (Cells No. 6, 7, & 8B), BLE Project Number J15-1235-
78/78A.
Horton, J.W. and Zullo, V.A., 1991, The Geology of the Carolinas: Carolina Geological Society fifteenth
anniversary volume: The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR), Division of Solid Waste. 1995.
Water Quality Monitoring Guidance Document for Solid Waste Facilities.
North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Solid Waste. 2006. New
Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data.
North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Solid Waste. 2007. Addendum
to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid Waste Section Memorandum Regarding New Guidelines for
Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data.
North Carolina Dept. Environment and Natural Resources. April 2008. Solid Waste Section, Guidelines
for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling.
North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Solid Waste. 2014.
Memorandum. Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil, Sediment, and Landfill Gas Electronic Document
Submittal.
North Carolina Solid Waste Section. September 2016. Memorandum Regarding Guidelines for 14-Day
Notification of Groundwater Exceedances Form Submittal per rule: 15A NCAC IB .1633(c)(1).
USEPA. September 1986. Ground Water Monitoring Technical Enforcement Guidance Document
(TEGD).
USEPA. 1996. Low -Flow (Minimal Drawdown) Ground -Water Sampling Procedures. Puls, Robert W.
and Barcelona, Michael J.
USEPA. April 1993. Region III Modifications to Laboratory Data Validation Functional Guidelines for
Evaluating Inorganic Analyses, EPA 540/R-01-008.
USEPA, September 1994. Region III Modifications to National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data
Review Multi -Media, Multi -Concentration (OLMOL 0-OLM00.9), EPA 540/R-99-008.
USEPA. July 2014. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods Compendium
(SW-846), Update V.
USEPA. 2009. Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities — Unified
Guidance. EPA/530-R-09-007. Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
22 of 22

TABLES

TABLE I
SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION
FOOTHILLS REGIONAL MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL, PERMIT NO. 1403-MSWLF-1998
REPUBLIC SERVICES OF NC, LLC
Well
Identification
Construction
Date
Ground Surface
Elevation
(ft AMSL)
Measuring
Point
Elevation
(ft AMSL)
Well Depth
(feet)
Well
Diameter
(inches)
Screened Interval
(ft AMSL)
Screened Geologic Formation
MW-lR2
9/5/2018
1512.84
1516.22
40.2
2
1472.88 - 1487.88
Bedrock
MW-2R
8/l/2002
1250.18
1253.36
60.5
2
1189.68 - 1204.68
Bedrock
MW-3
3/25/1999
1239.53
1241.95
76.4
2
1163.33 - 1173.33
Bedrock
MW-3R
8/l/2002
1239.80
1242.69
74.9
2
1164.90 - 1179.90
Bedrock
MW-3R2
8/17/2006
1238.42
1240.83
69.0
2
1169.42 - 1179.42
Bedrock
MW-4
3/25/1999
1168.95
1171.18
50.0
2
1118.95 - 1128.95
Residuum/Bedrock
MW-5
7/23/2001
1172.26
1175.07
52.0
2
1120.59 - 1130.59
Residuum/Partially Weathered Rock
MW-6
10/12/2005
1173.75
1176.82
50.6
2
1123.40 - 1138.40
Residuum
MW-7
4/19/2010
1180.36
1183.13
37.6
2
1147.99 - 1157.99
Bedrock
MW-8
4/9/2013
1192.35
1195.18
43.9
2
1148.65 - 1163.65
Residuum
MW-9
7/6/2016
1288.10
1290.79
74.9
2
1213.49 - 1228.49
Partially Weathered Rock/Bedrock
MW-10
10/19/2015
1355.08
1358.53
84.8
2
1270.52 - 1285.52
Bedrock
MW-11
9/7/2018
1398.66
1401.71
105.4
2
1293.51 - 1308.51
Bedrock
Notes: ft AMSL = feet above mean sea level
MW-3 and MW-3R are used for collection of water level data only

TABLE 2
SAMPLING AND PRESERVATION PROCEDURES
FOOTHILLS REGIONAL MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL, PERMIT NO. 1403-MSWLF-1998
REPUBLIC SERVICES OF NC, LLC
Parameter
Container & Volume
Preservative
Maximum Holding Time
Cyanide
P,G; 500 mL
4°C, NaOH to pH>12, 0.6 g Ascorbic Acid
14 days
Sulfide
P,G; 500 mL
4°C, add Zinc Acetate
7 days
Mercury (total)
P; 300 mL
HNO3 to pH<2
28 days
Metals (total) except mercury
P; 1000 mL
HNO3 to pH<2
6 months
2-40 ml VOA w/G,
4°C, 0.008% Na2S2O3, adjust pH to 4-5
Acrolein and acrylonitrile
Teflon -lined septum
14 days
G, Teflon -lined cap
4°C, 0.008% Na2S2O3, adjust pH to 4-5
7 days to extraction, 40 days
Benzidines
1000 mL
after extraction
G, Teflon -lined cap
7 days to extraction, 40 days
Haloethers
1000 mL
4°C, 0.008% Na2S2O3
after extraction
G
7 days to extraction, 40 days
Phthalate esters
1000 mL
40C
after extraction
G, Teflon -lined cap
4°C, store in dark, 0.008% Na2S2O3
7 days to extraction, 40 days
Nitrosamines
1000 mL
after extraction
Nitroaromatics and cyclic
G, Teflon -lined cap
4°C, store in dark, 0.008% Na2S2O3
7 days to extraction, 40 days
ketones
1000 mL
after extraction
G, Teflon -lined cap
7 days to extraction, 40 days
PCBs
1000 mL
40C
after extraction
G, Teflon -lined cap
7 days to extraction, 40 days
Phenols
1000 mL
4°C, 0.008% Na2S2O3
after extraction
Purgeable Aromatic
2-40 ml VOA w/G,
4°C, 0.008% Na2S2O3, HCl to pH 2
Hydrocarbons
Teflon -lined septum
14 days
2-40 ml VOA w/G,
Purgeable Halocarbons
Teflon -lined septum
4°C, 0.008% Na2S2O3
14 days
Polynuclear Aromatic
G, Teflon -lined cap
4°C, store in dark, 0.008% Na2S2O3
7 days to extraction, 40 days
Hydrocarbons
1000 mL
after extraction
G, Teflon -lined cap
7 days to extraction, 40 days
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
1000 mL
40C
after extraction
G, Teflon -lined cap
7 days to extraction, 40 days
Pesticides
1000 mL
4°C, pH 5-9
after extraction
Notes: P - Plastic, G - Glass, T - Fluorocarbon Resin (PTFE, Teflon(&, FEP, etc.)
No headspace should be allowed in the volatile organic compound containers.

FIGURES

'oaoF_�+ jii r
(S+164
Ir
�j � `� � � , - ] �' it 7 � ti r �'��.: _ - � �� � � ��--� � ; ' , � � L_, �_�---• � 1
cl
�,� - 'r• r� �^ :, � I�--- _.. ��� ��y �~1l `;4���4 f, �,r Lj i� � jl q •3)r51�- -
I ��4,.J ` 11��' - �+ j •j 1. ` �� ' ����'� �� � L � � \'. � ,j..i' _ _ - � -_ '' 1 11
EXISTING
FACILITY L
1 �
200
.At3ingdon
��:• � �`�t�: '���_ �f `=.1`�.-�+,off., •._r.�- '� • ` . E . Q � • .. ":�•,
•1cb`� 4
Ronk k
ZAf
-1'n
r'Z
2000
1000
0
2000
4000
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
DRAWN:
ACE
DATE:
10-20-17
NIL 13
BUNNELL-LAMMONS ENGINEERING, INC.
CHECKED: MSP
CAD: FHLF78-SLM
APPROVED:
JOB NO:
J15-1235-78
6004 PONDERS COURT
GREENMLLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29615
PHONE: [phone] FAX: [phone]
REFERENCE:
USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, 7.5 MINUTE SERIES,
LENOIR, N.C. QUADRANGLE, 1956.
FIGURE
SITE LOCATION MAP
FOOTHILLS REGIONAL MSW LANDFILL
CALDWELL COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA

\\1
0
SW-6
N
� r
CCD I ��
PZ-75B
1210.43
PZ-75A 1 !
/ 1212.98
L� f I / // \ I \ J N
ENV
ROPOSED
4.
I
�S7- *4 - -
VNN)r
1 , C
� `4 �
t
o� S ��co
PZ-78C
1365.00
" V
V 1319.97 MW-10 '
MW-12 MW 11 ,4
Vim
PZ-129C MW 1 a
1332.11 1310.29 PZ-132C
1291.73
/ PZ-130AB
PZ-126C CELL NO. 5P ABAND
1379.44
N CELL NO. 5A
PZ-127
ABAND PZ-133B
1273.46
PZ-131AB
1280.91) -�
-UD�
J�
11 1 \ CELL NO. 4
PZ-103C
PZ-102C 1208.55 a
1224.94 ` \ o
' „4/CELL N0. 8A � a
PROPOSED
PZ-101C � a
124s.25 CELL NO. 8B
PZ-99 \
FR10 DRY %` o
DRY
G\
MW-15 s
I
PZ-63B
ABAND
CELL NO. 3C
CELL NO.
CELL NO. 3A
\G
CELL NO. 2A
00�ZpO
W DETE
A NNO.5
PZ-134B
1243.36
G
CELL NO. 1A
lum
m
I J T
MW-3
v 1187.42
MWs 3 o
i
CELL NO. 1B cl -
� �MW 3R
1211.44
G
D
a
MW-4
MW-5 1129.38
T D NT1 1127.03 UD-1
MW-6 : BAS NV.112 .
,I SEDIMENT
1132.14 BASIN 1110'1�1
GP-5R
SW-3
■
+4061
eOGW \ Olew
GP-3
on
r
MONITORING LOCATION LEGEND
PZ-42
0
SURVEYED LOCATION OF PIEZOMETER OR BORING
PERFORMED BY BLE
FR17
SURVEYED LOCATION OF PIEZOMETER AND BORING
PERFORMED BY FRONT ROYAL
PZ-55
X
ABANDONED WELL, PIEZOMETER, OR BORING
WW-1
®
SURVEYED LOCATION OF WATER SUPPLY WELL
NW-1
.
SURVEYED LOCATION OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL
OP-1
-
SURVEYED LOCATION OF METHANE MONITORING PROBE
SW-1
■
APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINT
UD-1
.
APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF UNDERDRAIN MONITORING POINT
NW-13
Q
PROPOSED LOCATION OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL
SW-6
PROPOSED LOCATION OF SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINT
OP-16
OQ
PROPOSED LOCATION OF METHANE MONITORING PROBE
TOPOGRAPHIC & GEOLOGIC LEGEND
��116o TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACE CONTOUR IN FEET ABOVE MSL
CONTOUR INTERVAL = 2 FEET
STREAM OR CREEK
ROAD
- - LID - - LID - - UD - EXISTING UNDERDRAIN
PROPERTY BOUNDARY
300 FOOT BUFFER
1100 GROUNDWATER EOUIPOTENIIAL CONTOUR (FEET MSQ
CONTOUR INTERVAL = 20 FEET
GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTION
1190.30 GROUNDWATER ELEVATION (FEET MSQ
ABAND PIEZOMETER HAD BEEN ABANDONED AT THAT TIME
NP NOT PRESENT AT TIME OF MEASUREMENT
NOTES:
1. THE WATER LEVELS REPRESENT THE MEASUREMENTS COLLECTED ON MARCH 4, 2013.
SW-4 2. THE CONFIGURATION OF THE GROUNWATER CONTOURS BENEATH THE EXISTING CELL
FOOTPRINT IS BASED CN HISTORICAL WATER TABLE MAPS OF THE SITE.
■ 3. MEAN SEA LEVEL ELEVATION (M5L) IS REFERENCED TO THE NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL
DATUM OF 1929 (NGVD).
II GENERAL MAP REFERENCE I
200 100 0 200 400
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
REFERENCES:-
1 .
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SHOWN FROM AN AERIAL SURVEY BY COOPER AERIAL
SURVEYS CO., DATE OF PHOTOGRAPHY FEBRUARY 10, 2016. MAPPING CONTROL BASED
ON HISTORICAL LANDFILL CONTROL POINTS.
2.
WETLAND AND STREAM BOUNDARIES IN LANDFILL AREA BASED ON SURVEY
BY DONALDSON. GARRETT & ASSOCIATES, INC. DATED AUGUST 28, 2002.
�ryd�tiif0/Aft'
?k,A:�
3.
WETLAND AND STREAM BOUNDARIES IN CONSERVATION AREA BASED ON
SURVEY BY DONALDSON, GARRETT & ASSOCIATES, INC. DATED OCTOBER 7,
2002.
m
4.
PROPERTY BOUNDARY TAKEN FROM A BOUNDARY SURVEY PREPARED BY
iO4
a ;'
WRIGHT & FIELDS LAND SURVEYING, DATED AUGUST 14. 2007.
%"�°'t:O{,QCt�•4`}'®°®
5.
CELL BOUNDARIES FOR CELLS 1-8A WERE TAKEN FROM THE ENGINEERING
�®®�
DRAWINGS - PHASE NO. 3 PLANS PREPARED BY HODGES. HARBIN,
rr�ls 11��®�
NEWBERRY. & TRIBBLE. INC., DATED JULY 2008.
% /
'�6 Z O(«
6.
PHASE 5 WASTE LIMITS WERE TAKEN FROM PRELIMINARY (MARCH 2017)
PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT PLANS BEING PREPARED BY HODGES, HARBIN,
NEWBERRY, & TRIBBLE. INC.
REVISIONS
No.
DESCRIPTION
BY
1
MARCH 2O19 - ADDED NEW WELLS MW-1R2 AND MW-11 INSTALLED IN 2018, AND REMOVED MW-1R ABANDONED 2018
MSP

WELL CAP WITH LOCK
WELL ID PLATE WELL CAP
STEEL PROTECTOR CAP
1/4" GAS VENT DRAIN/WEEP HOLE
SURVEYOR'S PIN (FLUSH MOUNT)
GROUND SURFACE 3' x Tx 4" CONCRETE PAD - SLOPE TO DRAIN
T c~n w CONTINUOUS POUR CONCRETE CAP
3 FEET MIN. w p AND WELL APRON
I.L. N
NEAT CEMENT GROUT, CEMENT/BENTONITE
GROUT, OR HIGH SOLIDS SODIUM BENTONITE
GROUT
WELL DIAMETER 2" PVC THREADED
BOREHOLE DIAMETER
6 INCHES MINIMUM
BENTONITE LAYER
(NOMINAL DIMENSION)
(1.0 FEET MIN.)
=
SILICA FILTER PACK SAND
—_
POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE
w
SCREENED INTERVAL 0.010 INCH SLOT
—
w
=
MANUFACTURED SCREEN (NOT TO EXCEED
n ZO
=_
15 FEET WITHOUT AMPLE JUSTIFICATION
Q N
=
WELL INSTALLATION.)
=
U)
BOTTOM CAP
NOTES:
1. IF THE WELL IS SET IN SOIL, THE SCREEN WILL BE SET TO BRACKET THE 24-HOUR
WATER LEVEL WITH APPROXIMATELY 12-FT OF WATER IN THE WELL. IF THE WELL
IS SET INTO BEDROCK, THE SCREEN WILL BE SET TO ENCOUNTER
WATER -PRODUCING FRACTURES.
2. PLACE PEA GRAVEL IN ANNULAR SPACE BETWEEN PVC STICK UP AND STEEL
PROTECTIVE CASING.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL
JOB NO.: FIGURE
J15-1235-78 NIL E
INC. GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL DETAIL
DATE: FOOTHILLS REGIONAL MSW LANDFILL
10-20-17 BUNNELL-LAMMONS ENGINEERING, INC. CALDWELL COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
SCALE: 6004 PONDERS COURT
NOT TO SCALE PHONE: E864 288- 265H FAX: OSI64)288- 430

APPENDIX A
SWS Correspondence Regarding MW-3
and MW-3R

* "r
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director Dlvlslon of waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
December 14, 2006
Mr. Ray Hoffman
Republic Services of NC
1220 Commerce Street, SW
Conover, NC 28613
Re: Alternate Source Demonstration: MW-3 and MW-3R
Foothills Regional Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, #14-03, Caldwell County
Dear Mr. Hofftnan,
Contaminants in concentrations exceeding North Carolina Groundwater Standards are being detected at the
Foothills Regional Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, and as a result, an Alternate Source Demonstration (ASD)
was prepared by Hull and Associates and submitted on October 6, 2004 on behalf of Republic Services of NC,
LLC, In response, the Solid Waste Section requested additional information in order to justify the conclusions
that the landfill is not the source of the volatile organic contaminants being detected at downgradient monitoring
wells.
The Solid Waste Section then reviewed the Alternate Source Demonstration: Anomalous Detections of volatile
Organic Detections prepared by Golder Associates, Inc, and submitted on May 22, 2006 on behalf of Republic
Services of NC, LLC. Golder Associates Inc, concluded that the landfill was not the source of the groundwater
contamination. The Solid Waste Section finally requested that Republic install a new well approximately 150
to 200 feet downgradient of MW-3 and MW-3R in order to delineate the horizontal extent of contamination that
was detected at both MW-3 and MW-3R, The new well, MW-3R2, was screened in bedrock and was sampled
two times (August and October). Both sampling events showed no exceedances of metals or Appendix I VOCs
in the new well.
Based on the data submitted, Republic is requesting that the Solid Waste Section allow the Foothills Regional
Municipal Solid Waste Landfill to revert back to detection monitoring per 15A NCAC 13B .1633. As a result,
the Solid Waste Section approves the request, and Republic may now resume routine detection monitoring at
the site.
Also, Republic is requesting that the Solid Waste Section approve the removal of MW-3 and MW-3R from the
compliance monitoring network and allow for proper abandonment of these two wells. The Section Waste
Section denies the request of abandonment of MW-3 and MW-3R at this time, however, these two wells may be
removed from the compliance monitoring network, and MW-3R2 may replace these wells becoming the new
compliance well. Please record the changes in the water quality, monitoring plan.
1646 Moll Service Center, Rolelgh, North Carollna 276994640
Phone 919.50H4001 FAX [phone] Internet htlp,llwastenotmorg
An Equal Opportunity I Afflrmdve Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

Please call me at 9I9-508-8500 if you have any questions or concems regarding this correspondence. Thank
you in advance for your anticipated cooperation in this matter.
Sincerely,
f y
faclynne Drummond
Hydrogeologist
Environmental Compliance
Solid Waste Section
cc: Rachel Kirkman, Golder Associates
George Gibbons, Foothills Environmental
Mark Poindexter, Solid Waste Section
Al Hetzell, Solid Waste Section
Solid Waste Section Central Files
1648 Mall 8er0ce Center, Raielgh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone 9tM08-1340M FAX [phone]nternal http:/Iwastenolnc.org
An Equal Opportunity l Aff€rmalive Action Employer.- Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled paper

APPENDIX B
Existing Well Construction Records

It
'
IMMINC.
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-1R2
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J18-1235-89
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 9-5-18 END: 9-5-18
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, NC ELEVATION: 1512.84
DRILLER: Landprobe R. Banks LOGGED BY: T.J. Daniel
GEOTECHNICAL AND EN VIRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: Schramm 6" O.D.
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V 14.65 AFTER 24 HOURS:1 14.9 CAVING>3m
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
rjjj DETAILS
Light brown, slightly moist, slightly micaceous, clayey, fine to coarse sandy
SURFACE COMPLETION
SILT (residuum)
3.05 feet of stickup with 4"x4"
stand up looking steel protective
cover with a TxT concrete pad at
1510
the base with a survey pin.
1/4 inch weephole installed at the
base of the steel cover.
5
1/4 inch vent hole in top of PVC
casing.
Pea gravel installed inside the
steel cover between the cover and
PVC casing.
1505
Grout, 0 to 11.9 feet
10
Top of PVC casing elev.= 1516.22
1500
feet
Ground elevation = 1512.84 feet
Survey Pin Elevation = 1513.10 feet
15
Northing = 801,247.51 feet
Easting = 1,232,215.64 feet
1495
Bentonite seal, 11.9 to 23.0 feet
20
1490
#0 Filter pack sand, 23.0 to 42.2
feet
25
-inch diameter, 0.010-inch slotted
2
Light tan, weathered gneiss BEDROCK
Schedule 40 PVC well screen,
25.08 to 40.08 feet
1485
30
1480
35
Grey, gneiss BEDROCK
Fracture at 35 feet
1475
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-1R2
Sheet 1 of 2

It
'
IMMINC.
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-1R2
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J18-1235-89
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 9-5-18 END: 9-5-18
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, NC ELEVATION: 1512.84
DRILLER: Landprobe R. Banks LOGGED BY: T.J. Daniel
GEOTECHNICAL AND EN VIRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: Schramm 6" O.D.
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V 14.65 AFTER 24 HOURS: 1 14.9 CAVING>77
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
DETAILS
Pipe cap
Total well depth, 40.16 feet
1470
Boring terminated at 42.2 feet below ground surface. Groundwater initially
encountered at 14.65 feet below ground surface. Groundwater encountered
after 24 hours at 14.9 feet below ground surface.
45
1465
50
1460
55
1455
60
1450
65
1445
70
1440
75
1435
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-1R2
Sheet 2 of 2

0
W
INNNNINEW
IBLEINCs
GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=2R
PROJECT: Foothills MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.. J02-1235-26
BUNNELL-CANNONS CLIENT: HHNT START: 8-1-02 END: 8-1-02
News
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1250.18
E111GINEERING, INC.
DRILLER: Lee &Sims LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
GEOTecHNicALAt�ENwtowau►L
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: Ingersoll-Rand T3W
DEPTH TO No WATER> INITIAL: SZ56.25 AFTER 24 HOURS: 45.92 CAVING>
ELEVATION/ SOIL MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE n DETAILS
AMMMEP No topsoil - (fill) SURFACE COMPLETION
INS4" x 4" steel stand-up cover with a 4'
x 4' concrete pad
WED AME
Ground surface elev.=1,250.18' MSL
Top of casing elev.=1,253.36' MSL Men
Stiff to hard, light brown, slightly moist, micaceous, fine sandy SILT - Northing INEM
- 798,219.93'
Men ANN
(residuum) Easting INEW ,629.74'
1245 5
WED ANN
Men ANN
MEW ANN
Mee ANN
1240 ammummeeeeeelo AMEMEN
Now amm
NEW OEM
INS mum
1235 15 OMMMMIM
Sea emm
Men Amm
Neat cement, 0 to 35 feet
MEN MEN
Very firm to very dense, light brownish -gray, slightly moist, micaceous,
a 94 0 00 0 *lee 0 9 a
Emm silty, fine to medium SAND Men
we 0
1230 20
NEW AME
WED AME
WED ANN
Wee dew
1225 25 .
dam
Men new
See Men
INS MEN
1220 30 MMME
Gray GNEISS bedrock and weathered bedrock
WED
Men Amm
Ema MEN
mob MEN
1215
35
REN
WED Amm
OWN 00M
NEW
Bentonite seal, 35 to 42 feet MEM
GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-2R
Sheet 1 of 2

a
C;
MILMINQ GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=2R
PROJECT: Foothills MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.. J02-1235-26
BUNNELL=LAMMONS CLIENT: HHNT START: 8-1=02 END: 8-1-02
E INEERINGi INC. LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1250.18
GEorECHHtcALAwEtrvutowmn%L DRILLER: Lee &Sims LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: Ingersoll-Rand T3W
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 56.25 AFTER 24 HOURS: Z 45.92 CAVING>
ELEVATION/ SOIL MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE DETAILS
Gray GNEISS bedrock and weathered bedrock ti
Bentonite seal, 35 to 42 feet
Filter pack, sand 42 to 60.5 feet
1205 45 '
1200 50
Yellowish -brown, weathered GNEISS bedrock
.010-1nch slotted Schedule 40 PVC
well screen, 45.6 to 60.5 feet
1195 55
1190 60 Total well depth, 60.5 feet
Boring terminated at 60.5 feet. Ground water encountered at 56.25 feet at Borehole diameter, 6.0-inches
time of drilling and at 45.92 feet after 24 hours.
PVC diameter, 2.04nches
1185 65
1180 70
1175
75
GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=2R
Sheet 2of2

a
c;
c
0
LL
0
W
MILI13INCm MONITORING WELL NO. MW-3
PROJECT: Foothills Landfill PROJECT NO.. J99-1235-06
BUNNELL-L.AMMONS CLIENT: HHNT START: 3-25-99 END: 3-25-99
ENGINEERIN INC. LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1239.53
GEOTECHNICALAmENwtommm DRILLER: AE Drilling, M. King LOGGED BY: MSP
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 Truck mounted air hammer
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 73.61 AFTER 24 HOURS. Z 67.63 CAVING>
ELEVATION/ SOIL MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE n DETAILS
No topsoil SURFACE COMPLETION
Stiff, brown, moist, micaceous, slightly clayey, fine to medium sandy SILT 4-inch by 4-inch steel stand-up cover
- (fill) with a 4400t by 4-foot concrete pad
1235
5
1230
10
1225 Firm to stiff, reddish -brown, moist, micaceous, clayey SILT - (residuum)
15
1220
20 Stiff to hard, brown, moist, micaceous, fine to medium sandy SILT
1215
25
Neat cement, 0 to 58.5 feet
1210
30
1205
35
Very firm to very dense, brown, moist, very micaceous, silty, fine to
medium SAND
1200
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-3
Sheet 1 of 3

INC.
N
N
O
ENGINEERING, INC.
GEOTECHNICALANDEmvm%%#�Vw
CONSULTANTS
PROJECT: Foothills Landfill
CLIENT: HHNT
LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina
DRILLER: AE Drilling, M. King
PROJECT NO.: J99-1235-06
START: 3=25-99 END: 3=25-99
ELEVATION: 1239.53
LOGGED BY: MSP
DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 Truck mounted air hammer
DEPTH TO = WATER> INITIAL: 73.61 AFTER 24 HOURS: Z 67.63 CAVING>3M
DEPTH
T(Ow I DESCRIPTION I TYPE
I MONITOR DETAILSTALLATION
WEATHERED ROCK at 42 to 44 feet at soil seams
1195 WEATHERED ROCK, cuttings area light brown, slightly moist, micaceous,
45 silty, fine SAND
55
60
65
70
75
BEDROCK, cuttings are gray GNEISS rock fragments
Boring terminated at 76.4 feet. Ground water encountered at 73.61 feet at
time of boring.
its
Bentonite seal, 58.5 to 62.3 feet
Filter pack, sand 62.3 to 76.4 feet
.010-inch slotted Schedule 40 PVC
well screen, 66.2 to 76.2 feet
Pipe cap
Total well depth, 76.4 feet
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-3
Sheet 2 of 3

a
L
0
W
OBLISINCm MONITORING WELL NO. MW=3
PROJECT: Foothills Landfill PROJECT NO.. J99-1235-06
BUNNEL.L-CANNONS CLIENT: HHNT START: 3-25-99 END: 3-25-99
ENGINEERING, INC. LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1239.53
GEaMCHNICALAwENvutowan%L DRILLER: AE Drilling, M. King LOGGED BY: MSP
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 Truck mounted air hammer
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 73.61 AFTER 24 HOURS: V. 67.63 CAVING>
ELEVATION/ SOIL MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE DETAILS
6-inch O.D. borehole advanced by
air -rotary drilling from the ground
surface to 76.4 feet.
1155 Northing = 798097.54
85 Easting=1231308.42
Top of PVC=1241.95'
Concrete=1239.53'
1150
90
1145
95
1140
100
1135
105
1130
110
1125
115
1120
MONITORING WELL NO. MW=3
Sheet 3 of 3

MILISINCm GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=3R
PROJECT: Foothills MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: 102-1235-26
A MEND
BUNNELL=LAMMONS CLIENT: HHNT START: 8-1=02 END: 8-1-02 EMMM
ENGINEERING INC. LOCATION: Caldwell County, North go Carolina ELEVATION: 1239.80
DRILLER: Lee & Sims LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
GEOTECHNICALAND ENVIRowENTAL
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: Ingersoll-Rand T3W
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 72.71 AFTER 24 HOURS. Z 60.39 CAVING>M
ELEVATION/ SOIL MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE I —I DETAILS
No topsoil SURFACE COMPLETION
MIM Stiff, brown and reddish -brown, slightly moist, micaceous, fine to medium 4" x 4" steel stand-up cover with a 4' ago
sandy, clayey SILT - (fill) x 4' concrete pad
MIM ago
Ground surface elev.=1,239.80' MSL
Top of casing elev.=1,242.69' MSLago
Northing = 798,085.97'
Egg
Easting=112311333.90'
1235MONOW ommoo 5
AMMMIM
go goo
Egg goo
Mom
Emn
1230 10
WIMMMM
MIM ago
Emn ago
MIN ago
NEW MEN
12250MMEN ggggg15
MEMENE
Firm to stiff, reddish -brown, moist, micaceous, clayey SILT - (residuum)
IRS MEN
ENO AME
1220googg googg20
Stiff to hard, brown, moist, micaceous, slightly clayey, fine to medium
Emm sandy SILT OWN
ago
gin Neat cement, 0 to 47 feet MEN
12150MMME ggggg25
gin MEN
END MEN
WED OWN
Own
1210 ommmm ggggg30
OMMMME
MIM Now
MEN
MIM
MIN MEN
1205 MEMEN googg35
Very firm to dense, brown, moist, very micaceous, silty, fine to medium
SAND MEN
Egg
MIS OWN
GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=3R
Sheet 1 of 2

INC.
c�
CV
M
N
Tam
Z
J
J
man
w
D
ENGWEERING, INC.
GEOTECHNICALAHDENVIRO�IAL
'J k Lal k, 7-1
PROJECT: Foothills MSW Landfill
CLIENT: HHNT
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina
DRILLER: Lee & Sims
PROJECT NO.: J02-1235-26
START: 8-1-02 END: 8-1-02
ELEVATION: 1239.80
LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
DRILLING METHOD: Ingersoll-Rand T3W
mammalian
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 72.71 AFTER 24 HOURS:1 60.39 CAVING> 3M William
ELEVATION/ SOIL MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE DETAILS
Very firm to dense, brown, moist, very micaceous, silty, fine to medium Neat cement, 0 to 47 feet
SAND
WEATHERED ROCK; cuttings are light brown, slightly moist, micaceous,
silty, fine to medium SAND
1195 45
1190 AMMIN ====50
am
Bentonite seal, 47 to 55 feet
am
mm
Min
1185 MIMME
aam=55
ma
GNEISS Bedrock; cuttings are gray rock fragments
Min
1180MIMME
===m60 '
am Filter pack, sand 55 to 74.9 feet
1175=aam65
mimmomme
mm
Manama
mm
Emammme
mm • MUMMIMME 0 d .010-inch slotted Schedule 40 PVC
well screen, 59.9 to 74.9 feet
1170====70
Min
am
ma
MIMMIMMIM
ma
1165 mamm75
Total well depth, 74.9 feet
ma Boring terminated at 74.9 feet. Ground water encountered at 72.71 feet at
time of drilling and at 60.39 feet after 24 hours. Borehole diameter, 6.0-inches
PVC diameter, 2.0-inches
GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-3R
Sheet 2 of 2

Project ,NameK&,aAkI;cv*
Project No. , 0,
male Spa tJFiW
Mrinbig Rig TYrpe %
Trilling Method(s)
tIs rn
Ariller 14amelCompany " c,
A.ppxox. Ground Elevation4t
BaRiNG NO. 41n 0029
—O �a Total Depth .
1D� s c Page _..,� of
OV
r S`� �' Qu ��• 1 "' 1 r 1a�r�� Diameter of Borehole o
San le : r,
Elev. Depth[7U
flows > Remarks = Soil and Rook Desmiptions
Re €�. Type & No. per b" E'en in. Reo % � � O�..
�"'�, �,�x J �t11 •t':v.Y�:..v+aoi� c�ak� C[iy , ,�-l�lrly +�►afs�'
�; i •1�)e► t cam.
��U � �� � i�1�d'Gf"► g4'l:�Jr► i �bi�'�� �Ga/r1iSd���t�1 j yy�itlil { �`�"s3 't'ih�Tlc`r►�
Zvi ff
�kn& to 6IdW cite hammer at lityr rrre-�ru��
$lotii's per C in. -14o1b hamnYer i'ail�n5 90 irs, to drive a �jgfies. {�i�'1'jpe, dr311ing nielho�, bit auger siie, PSI. lrc��►i}�ment Fa'st�res, passible contamination, devi�tior�s from driifin� pion, dritling dii]icutties�
Z,{� in. �?A split spoon sampler. ec�� � �-• f )�4 � � �N-S ��'�
i'at - Penctratioz� Length of Samp9cr or Corc Z3arrdi
Rec - Z�ecavcry l�engiii of Sampl4 RQQ -
i.cnght of Sound Cores >4W.A.Angth Cored °/S
S - Split Spoon Sample U -
Undisturbed Samples

1'cojectldamtr,�n��1,'�,-�.� ;f �� ,,� l-li.3� Iriller�iaineICornpany s BORING 1110.
Project No. 7W* 0 [ - Approx. Ground Elevation rASP
� �+
Date Start/Finish %= Total Depth `
Dril4infi RigType 1�� page Of
�
fr
Drilling iv ethod(�) Diameter of 13orehole
S Ie
E• leer. Depth Blows > Remarks Soil and Rock Descriptions
Pt. ft. Tyne � No. per fi" Pen me Ree %
Fiac {
t 624'0 61) � ,,,,
65�
a'r) TI)
MASS
Blows per 6 in. - 1401b hamrnsr falling 30 in. is dri<<e a }odrilling , PSI E vi ment Failtires, possible contamination, deitiMions from drilling plan, drilling Wfiiaulties,
sty YP� �gu bit auger sire, q p
2,0 in. OD split spoon sampler. eCL) � .. � o Qr-A f
pen - Pcnetradon LimA of Sampler or Core Bwell y�novs� i V64 j x io' due +4 �a i �N�'� l ew e �•�� . �� �
Rec - Recovety Lengelt of Sample RQD -M WPM
NOW
Leright of Sotind Cores >4inAeopli Cored ID/6MW � � ' '
S - Split Spoon Sample U lUndisturW Samples ENGINEERING, INC

-
Subcontractor:
gged 13y:
un
0
0
Depth ar l�exght (l~t) Pram Crvnnd
Surface
' { hold i115,r'7 $ f
Pip SS r+
69�
Iva
:,.:
•,
I.
•:•
.:[
:
�.
.�
:0.1
.•.
•.
.•:;
;
:•
pa:•
�:
:•;
�-
14
;:am
� I�CPR IN EUL4 XIS ALJ�A I IVII s� �JIr
1pn it4rirt%�14.:
Date/time of Well bstallatlow.
Depth to l�otto�m a� Well fi�ror� Top
o Ivlonflormg Well Pipe.
�.D. of cuter Protect€ve �asxng
Type of Surface Seal
r
Diameter of borehole
Size of Screen )pcning aP6 010� ! n��
Type of Screen Y e,.; Ic:�'' -
Sire flf k^iiter Sand /�Q,
• s .r. � a. �++�w. �yw�wly] , .v.v w. ia•r� �v
v/..�w w..•^-'..4�� -
/
■/'\j -/{�
+
r
Depth from TOC
q. 06
2

INC.
PROJECT: Foothills Landfill
LI 1_ '_
PROJECT NO.: J99-1235-06
N
N
O
.J
J_
2
0
0
m
z
J
0
W
ENGA�IEERING, INC.
GEo�rECHNICALA�m ENv�oNME�uu.
• _ _-,It=
CLIENT: HHNT
LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina
DRILLER: AE Drilling, M. King
DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 Truck mounted air hammer
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: �
ELEVATION/ I DESCRIPTION
DEPTH (FT)
1165
1160
1155
1150
1145
1140
1135
1130
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40.80 AFTER 24 HOURS: Z
No topsoil
Stiff to very stiff, brown, moist, micaceous, clayey, fine sandy SILT - (fill}
Firm to hard, reddish -brown and brown, moist, micaceous, clayey, fine to
medium sandy SILT with gravel size fragments - (residuum)
START: 3-25-99
END: 3-25-99
ELEVATION: 1168.95
LOGGED BY: MSP
41.05
�����
������
• • •- � � •
- �
':I
I:
4-inch by 4-inch steel stand-up cover
with a 4-foot by 4-foot concrete pad.
Neat cement, 0 to 32 feet
Bentonite seal, 32 to 35 feet
MONITORING WELL NO..MW,4
Sheet 1 of 2

a
C:
MILMINCo MONITORING WELL NO. MW=4
PROJECT: Foothills Landfill PROJECT NO.: J99=1235=06
BUNNELL=LAMMONS CLIENT: HHNT START: 3-25-99 END: 3=25-99
ENGINEERING, INC. LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1168.95
GEO'TECHNWALAwENVIROI mn%L DRILLER: AE Drilling, M. King LOGGED BY: MSP
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 Truck mounted air hammer
DEPTH TO = WATER> INITIAL: 40.80 AFTER 24 HOURS: V. 41.05 CAVING>
ELEVATION/ SOIL MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE DETAILS
Filter pack, sand 35 to 50.2 feet
Hard to very hard, brown, wet, micaceous, slightly clayey, fine to medium '.
sandy SILT
1125
45 WEATHERED GNEISS BEDROCK .010-inch slotted Schedule 40 PVC
well screen, 40 to 50 feet
1120 '
50
. • . • Pipe cap
Le 0
Boring terminated at 51 feet. Ground water encountered at 40.80 feet at
time of boring. Total well depth, 51 feet
8.25-inch O.D. borehole advanced by
1115 auger drilling from ground surface to
42 feet. 6-inch O.D. borehole
55 advanced by air -rotary drilling from
42 to 51 feet.
Northing = 798361.75
1110 Easting=1230578080
Top of PVC=1171.18'
60 Concrete=1168.95'
1105
65
1100
70
1095
75
1090
MONITORING WELL NO. MW=4
Sheet 2 of 2

MILEINCo MONITORING WELL NO. MW=5
PROJECT: Foothills MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J01-1235-23
a Removal
BUNNELL-LAMM CLIENT: HHNT START: 7-23-01 END:7-23-01
SINS
ENGINEERING, INC. LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1172.26
DRILLER: Superior Drilling, Inc., F. Cox LOGGED BY: MSP
GEOTECHNic�►LA�roENvetow�
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: CME 650 ATV Hollow stem auger
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 46.60 AFTER 24 HOURS:1 45.67 CAVING>
Moslem
ELEVATION/ SOIL a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE a BLOWS/FOOT n DETAILS
co 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Stiff, brown and gray, dry, micaceous, SURFACE COMPLETION
ease clayey, fine to medium sandy SILT -ORION .....:...:....:...:...:.....:..............:..:..... standup steel cover Real
(fill)
1170 : : : : : : : : : : : :
seem 4m1m
: : : : : : : : : Northing = 798,613607
Emma mesa .....:... No ....: ...:...:.....:... map ...:...:...:..:...:. a Easting = 1,230,537.21 memo
9 _
Mongolia5 ....:...:....:...:.. fee ... oSao Top of PVC casing elev.—1175.07'
: : : : : : : : : : Ground surface elev. =1172.26'
1165 Stiff to firm, brown, moist, micaceous,
ease slightly clayey, fine to coarse sandySamoa .....:...:....: :..:...:.... so* ...:....:.. me* ..:..:...:. 0 Seem
SILT - (fill)
10
10 ....:...:....:...:.......:....:....:...:...:..:...00
1160 : : : : : : : : :
mesa mage .............................................._......... mass
15...........:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:.
1155 Bentonite (5%) cement, 0 to 34 feet
....................am* ... so* ................_.........
7 .�
20....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...00
4 seasonal
1150_...._..................:....:......:..:...:.
8 ayyyyyyyyyyy
25 x �4 4 0 0 a a 0 4 me a a a * op a 0 #90 a age & a a #09 6 a go* 4 & 006 0 099 a 0 my a *4* * 000 4 seasonal
(refusal at 26 feet, move rig 10 feet
and re -drill) ago, .....:...:.... _...:..:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:. 0 seem
1145 Very firm, gray and white, slightly
WE*moist, micaceous, silty, fine SAND -9 No 0 mesa, .....:...:.... _ ...:.. of* ... go* ...:....:...:...:..:...:.
on 9
(residuum) 04
• 30
yyyyyyyyyyN30 ....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...0a
1140yeassomma Very dense, gray and white, slightly
Ronmoist, micaceous, silty, fine to....:...:....:...:...:.....:...*we .. fee ..:...:. off ..:.
medium SAND
mass 0 mays
7s a a a a 4 044 seem
00 94 4: s
35...:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...00
00
Bentonite seal, 34 to 38 feet
1135 PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK : : : : :
which sampled as gray and white,mesa .....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:.....:...:a .
8111
moist, micaceous, silty, fine to : 50/5�� ••
medium SAND 50/5mean .....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:. ONE
i
small
MONITORING WELL NO. MW=5
Sheet 1 of 2

BUIVNEI.L-LAMM%M%
ENGINEERING, INC.
GEOTECHNICALAND ENvIROwmmL
� LiNte-111ITMI A t=
PROJECT: Foothills MSW Landfill
CLIENT: HHNT
LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina
DRILLER: Superior Drilling, Inc., F. Cox
PROJECT NO.: J01-1235-23
START: 7-23-01 END:7-23-01
ELEVATION: 1172.26
LOGGED BY: MSP
DRILLING METHOD: CME 550 ATV Hollow stem auger
DEPTH TO = WATER> INITIAL: 46.60 AFTER 24 HOURS: Z 45.67 CAVING>3M
ELEVATION/ SOIL a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE a BLOWS/FOOT
Cn 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Dense, brown, gray and white, moist, 0 4 0 F 0'.
MEN
micaceous, silty, fine to medium0 0 4 MMMMM .....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:....
1130 SAND
38 a
45:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:......:..:...:.
1125 PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK '.
which sampled as brown and gray,:...:....:...:...:.....:....:...doe ..:...:..:...oe
moist, micaceous, silty, fine to : 50*/4.611
MEN
medium SAND 0/4.5.....:...:....:...:..:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:.
50:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...oa
1120doge . _...._ ..................:... doe .....:.....:.
MIND Auger refusal at 52 feet. Ground :...:.... _...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:.
water encountered at 46.60 feet at
MEMO time of drilling. :...:... 0 _ .. go* . .... goo ...:....:...:...:..:..goo
55:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:.M do
60:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:..
1110.....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:.....:..
65...........:...:...:.....:....:...am ...:...:..:...:..
1105
70..:..:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:..
1100MEMO ..:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:......:.....:..
75:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:..
1095
J
J
D
0
J
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DETAILS
Filter pack, sand 38 to 52 feet
.010-inch slotted Schedule 40 PVC
well screen, 41.67 to 51.67 feet
Pipe cap
Total well depth, 51.97 feet
Borehole diameter, 8.25-inches
Well diameter, 2-inches
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-5
Sheet 2 of 2

0
w
NILMINCe GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=6
PROJECT: Foothills MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J05-1235-38
BIINNELL-LAMMONS CLIENT: Republic/HHNT START: 10-12=05 ENDS 10=12=05
ENGINEERING, INC. LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1173.75
GEOTECHNICALANDENVIRONMENTAL DRILLER: Metro Drill, Inc., T. Brown LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: Acker Truck -mount hollow stem auger
DEPTH TO No WATER> INITIAL: 42.25 AFTER 24 HOURS: Y. 40.80 CAVING>
w
ELEVATION/ SOIL a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE a n BLOWS/FOOT DETAILS
co 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
No topsoil SURFACE COMPLETION
EweReddish-brown, slightly moist, 3.07-foot stick-up with a 4" x 4" x 5'
micaceous, gravelly, fine to coarse long stand-up locking steel ,
goo sandy, clayey SILT - (fill)..........see ............:....:....:... 000 protective cover with a Tx 3 x 4
thick concrete pad
1170 a 0eveeveage a a
1/40minch weep and vent holes
5me ...........:...:...: ................... do ..:.... 9 installed in steel cover and PVC
Very firm, grayish -brown, slightly : : casing, respectively
Owe moist, micaceous, clayey, silty, fine 4
00POO a ...:.. add ....:....:... .
to coarse SAND - (fill) 4,_ Northing = 798, 998.77 feet own
• owe 0
4 :...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:.. aft
..:...:. Easting = 1,230,460.41 feetgoo
1165 8 : : : : : : :
11 ` Ground surface elev.=1,173.75
10 12....:...:....:..add . ads ....:....:... moo ..:...:..:...00 0 feet MSL
so 0
Survey pin elev.=1,173.81 feet
....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...00 0 MSL gem
1160 09 0 0 0 a 0 0 09 Top of casing elev.=1,176.82 feet
MSL
00
15...:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:.
1155 4 01 4 a 4, X 8
1200060 gem
20 13 ... 0 ... 49 .... ...:...:.....:.... as ...:...:... ad .0:..00a
Neat cement grout, 0 to 22 feet
1150
25---------------....was .:...............:....:.....:...:..:..:.
Very firm, gray, moist, micaceous,
Owe slightly clayey, silty, fine to coarse .. pad woo : :m • •
SAND - (fill) : : : : : : : : : : : : Bentonite seal, 22 to 30 feet
owe 0 MOO woo go owe amoo see@
1145 9 :
11was...................................
30 16..:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:..:..:...o0
Filter pack, sand 30 to 53.5 feet
ago---------------........................................................
WE
Firm to loose, gray, very moist, : : : : : : : : : : : : ••
micaceous, slightly clayey, silty,
1140 fine to coarse SAND - (fill) 0 0 g :
OWE
G :...:....::...:.....:....:....:......:.....0 '.
35 7 ....:..:.... " .. see . woo ....:... woe .. age ..:...:..:...00
1135 4 : : : : : : : : : : : :
NO
5:...:.....:...:.....:....:....:......:.....:.WOE
GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=6
Sheet 1 of 2

N
N
a
MILMINCs GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=6
PROJECT: Foothills MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.. J054235-38
BUNNELL-LAMMONS A Needs
CLIENT: Republic/HHNT START: 1042-05 END: 90-12-05
ENGINEERING, INC. LOCATION: Lenoir, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1173.75
DRILLER: Metro Drill, Inc., T. Brown LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
GeOTecHNicALAt�ENvutoNMENr�►L
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: Acker Truck -mount hollow stem auger
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: downs 42.25 ON AFTER 24 HOURS: Z 40.80 CAVING>M
w
ELEVATION/ SOIL a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE Q BLOWS/FOOT DETAILS
0 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Dark gray TOPSOIL `11' •`` '
Dark gray TOPSOIL ........:....:......:.............:...:.....:....
Now Firm, yellowish -brown and gray, NEED .....:...:....:...:.. s :....:... :...:. a ONE
wet, micaceous, slightly clayey, 2-inch diameter, 0.010-inch slotted
silty, fine to medium SAND - :....:....:... Schedule 40 PVC well screen,ago
1130 (residuum) 6 : : : : : : : : : : : : 35.35 to 50.35 feet
Nor a 5........................:......:......
45 7 ....:...:....:...:.. .....:....:... ...:... .0:.0.o4 9 damaged
Very dense, gray, very moist,
ads micaceous, silty, fine to medium .....:
1125 SAND 15 : : : : : : : : : : : :
ONE, aged23:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:.�...:.....:.
50 33....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:... ...:...:..:...00
• • . • Pipe cap
game 4
• Total well depth, 50.55 feet
1120 a 6 a a a a a 4 0 a
Boring terminated at 53.5 feet.
ddddddd55 Ground water encountered at 42.25
feet at time of drilling. :
1115
60....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:....:.
OWN Now, 0 ......---...................................._......... sea
1110
65...:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...da
add1105adds 0 e
70....:...:....:..see . doe ....:....:... ...:..:..:...00
........ _..... ..................:........:.............
ago
Eggs 9 ............._..............................._......... Ago
1100seasonal
NNNNNNN75 foe ..:..:.....:.
1095dead == 0 04 4 0 4ads a 0 0
NowGROUND WATER MONITORING WELL NO, MW-6
Sheet 2 of 2

MAR. flue Vin"JYMAGAM
N
N
O
Que
LO
INO
LO
N
J
J
0
W
ENGINEERING, INC.
CaEorEcHNicALANDEorvu.
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill
CLIENT:
ublic
LOCATION: Caldwell Cou
DRILLER: Land
North Carolina
PROJECT NO.: J09-1235-55
a damage
START: 4-19-10 ENDER 4=19=10
ELEVATION: 1,180.36
LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 ATV; 6-inch air hammer
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 30.0 AFTER 24 HOURS: V. 23.29 CAVING>
w
ELEVATION/ SOIL a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE M BLOWS/FOOT DETAILS
Cn 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90 n
11011
1180doodded PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK SURFACE COMPLETION
which sampled as brown and gray, 16 2.77-foot stick-up with a 4" x 4" ago
slightly moist, micaceous, slightly 23 50/5" standup locking steel protective
clayey, silty, fine to medium SAND 50/3"h cover with�3' x 3' concrete pad atdop
adds with gravel size rock fragments - e base with a survey pin
(residuum) 4 installed t th
18 a e
:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:..._..:.. .
50/2 0 1/ -inch weep hole ins a ed
1175 5...:.......:...:.....:...:...:...:..:..:...:.
0 emotional
base of the steel cover
NOUN aged .....:...:....:...:..:.....:....:...:...:.
7 ..:.....:. Pea gravel installed inside theOff
20 : : : : : so/a if steel cover between the cover and
50/5":...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:......:.....: the PVC casing
dow
Auger refusal at 8.0 feet.dead ........ ad ............................. NO ...... 0 NOW
Brown and gray gneiss BEDROCKNow :.... NO ......:.....0....:....:...:...:..:... Grout, 0 to 17.9 feet NOW
1170 damages10:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:..:.
NOW adds 4 ........_.............................................. ONE
of
0 damaged
1165 NNNNNNN
15:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:.....:..:..:.
1101, Maps ........_..... .........................................
ONO
ONE, adds 0 ....:...:....: ...:.. *as ....:....... .0.:.00:.0:.40*6 0 Bentonite seal, 17.9 to 20.0 feet ago
1160 damaged20 Filter pack, #1 sand 20.0 to 45.0
Now adds 9 ....:...:....:...:...:.... add ...:... fee ..:...:..:...:. 0 feetsea
Now adds 4 ............................................._......... age
am
1155 NONNON25:...:....:...:.......:....:....:...:..:.:..:.
2-inch diameter, 0.01010inch slotted
0 Schedule 40 PVC well screen,
1150 30does :...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:.....:..:.go 0 22.37 to 37.37 feet
ease a ........_.............................................. ONE
1145 35:...:....:...:.........:....:....:...:...:..:...:.
.... a...:....:.00:.04:.044.:.0909
..0.9
.009
.00:.0:.0.00 • .. Pipe capsea
dead 9 ....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:0 a: '. •.' . Total well depth, 37.62 feet
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-7
Sheet 1 of 2

INC.
ENGINEERINIG, INC.
GEOTECHNICALAND ENVIRONMEIif iAL
ELEVATION/
DEPTH (FT)
N
N
O
CONSULTANTs
PROJECT:
Foothills
Tonal MOW Landfill
CLIENT: Republic
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina
DRILLER: Land
DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 ATV; 6-inch air hammer
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 4.
W
SOIL -J
DESCRIPTION CL
TYPE
a
co
Brown and gray gneiss BEDROCK
Boring terminated at 45.0 feet.
Groundwater encountered at 30.0
feet at time of drilling and at 23.29
feet after 24 hours.
30.0 AFTER 24 HOURS: �
STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
BLOWS/FOOT
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
.:...:...................................._ .........
_...................................._.........
:............:....................................9
_._ ............................................
PROJECT NO.: J09-1235-55
START: 4-19-10 END:4-19-10
ELEVATION: 1,180.36
LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
23.29
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DETAILS
Ground surface elev.=1,180.36
feet
Top of PVC pipe elev.=1,183.13
feet
Northing = 799,591.48'
Fasting = 1,230,261.an,
J
J
0
w
D
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-7
Sheet 2 of 2

3 11 CilIL
0 i
ENGINEERING, INC.
GEOTEton IC %16 MW ENVIROI CJMTAL
PROJECT:
Foothills Regional MOW Landfi
CLIENT: Republic Services of North Carolina, LLC
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina
DRILLER: Land
R. Banks
PROJECT NO.: J13-1235-62
START: 4-8-13 END: 4-9-13
ELEVATION: 1192.35
LOGGED BY: P. VanHeest
DRILLING METHOD: CME 750; 8.25-inch auger
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 31.55 AFTER 24 HOURS: V. 30.90 CAVING>3M
DEPTH (FT) I DESCRIPTION TYPE
ICI BLOWS/FOOT
TIN RESULTS
"' 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Very loose, brown, slightly moist,
MOM micaceous, silty, fine to coarse .. • ...... _ . . . . _ ............ . ...:.......:...:....:. .
SAND - (fill) 2
1190 2 * ...:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:..
MOM Made ........._..............................................
MOMMENO
5 1..........:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:..
statements attendants statements
Very loose, brown, moist, — — — 1MEMO ........ as ....: ... sea ...... so* .............. sea ..:. .
micaceous, silty, clayey, fine to 2
1185MED
coarse SAND - (fill) 2 :. !....:...:...:.....:....:....:...... . .....:. .
Firm, gray, moist, slightly :...:....:.:
...:........:....:....:........... .
MON,i2
caceous, fine to medium sandy, 2 - m
10 clayey SILT - (residuum) 3 :.. �...:...:.....:........:...:...:.....:. .
........_............................................. a
1180 Very firm, gray, slightly moist,
9 so 0 so
1101, micaceous, silty, fine to medium dead a • • • • : • • • d • • =
SAND a 0 P 0 5
9
MOMMEND 15 13.....NO .... NO .. add ..:.................... eat ....
ad
1175 PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK
which sampled as gray, slightly
moist, micaceous, silty, fine to 400/„
coarse SAND with some gravel 50/5"
20 (weathered GNEISS) ....... _ .... NO ...........:..............:...... .
MOD dead .................................................:......
1170 a 0 4 a 0 a 0 a
50/5
25.............:.....:....:....:...:...:..:....
1165 Dense, gray, slightly moist, :...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:......:.....:. .
micaceous, silty, fine to coarse
SAND and some gravel (weathered 5
MOMM GNEISS) 39 :...:....:...:...:.....:....:.. ..:...:.....:. .
30 10....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....::..:...:..:...:..
1160 Very firm, gray, wet, micaceous,
silty, fine to coarse SAND
(weathered GNEESS) 7
35 14....:...:.......:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...00
1155 Very firm, gray, wet, micaceous,
clayey, silty, fine to coarse SAND
(weathered GNEISS) of d 0 0 P 0 7
13:...:....:..add
..:... WON .. add .. add .....:.....:.
15
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DETAILS
SURFACE COMPLETION
2.83-foot stick-up with a 4" x 4"
standup locking steel protective
cover with a 3' x 3' concrete pad at
the base with a survey pin
1/4-inch weep hole installed at the
base of the steel cover
Pea gravel installed inside the
steel cover between the cover and
the PVC casing
Top of PVC casing elev.=1,195.18
feet
Ground surface elev.=1,192.35
feet
Survey pin elev.=1,192.33 feet
Northing = 800,317.45'
Fasting = 1,230,064.42'
Grout, 0 to 17.4 feet
Bentonite seal, 17.4 to 28.35 feet
Filter pack, sand 28.35 to 48.5 feet
2-inch diameter, 0.010-inch slotted
Schedule 40 PVC well screen, 28.7
to 43.7 feet
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-8
Sheet 1 of 2

N
N
a
IBLEINCo GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=8
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.. J13-1235-62
CLIENT: Republic Services of North Carolina, LLC START: 4-8-13 END: 4-9-13
BUNNELL-CANNONS
ENGINEERING, INC. LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1192.35
GEarECHNicALAmEHvuto DRILLER: Landprobe, R. Banks LOGGED BY: P. VanHeest
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: CME 750; 8.25-inch auger
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V MEN 31.55 AFTER 24 HOURS: Z 30.90 CAVING>
w
ELEVATION/ SOIL � STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT) DESCRIPTION TYPE M BLOWS/FOOT DETAILS
0 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Very firm, gray, wet, micaceous,
:. :::: ..........:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:....
0. Add
clayey, silty, fine to coarse SAND 0. 2-inch diameter,010-inch slotted
NOW (weathered GNEISS).....:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:. Schedule 40 PVC well screen, 28.7 ded
1150 to 43.7 feet
NobVery firm, grayish -brown, wet, — — 7 : ...:.... do ...:...:.....:........:...:...:..:0
13 Pipe cap ONE
micaceous, silty, fine to coarse 13NNNNNNN• '
45 SAND (weathered GNEISS) : '• . Total well depth, 43.9 feet
Boring terminated at 48.5 feet.
50 Groundwater encountered at 31.55 a 0 a 0 a Nodded" ...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...d0 .
feet at time of drilling and at 30.90
:...:....:...:...:................:...:.....:.
0 Add
feet after 24 hours.
1140
led_..... ..............................._.........
ANN
55eye eve .....:....:....:...:...:..:...:.
................................:............_ ..:...... Add
60:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...o0
.......a _..... ..............................._......... Add
1130
65:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:...:.
good 0 .... .... ............ ON* ... *ON ................_ .........
add
1125 : : :
70:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..ON ..:.
........._...................................._......... add
1120
NONNON75 ..:...:....:...:...:.....:....:....:...:...:..:..:. 0 Eugene
1115
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW=8
Sheet 2 of 2

„LMINC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-9
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J16-1235-83
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 6-29-16 END: 7-6-16
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1288.10
GEOTECHNICAL AND EN VIRONMENTAL
DRILLER: Landprobe, J. Gorman LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: CME 75 Marooka; 8.25-inch OD hollow stem auger
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 66.5 AFTER 24 HOURS:1 61.2 CAVING>3M
CO
w
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
2 BLOWS/FOOT
DETAILS
a
N 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Firm to stiff, brown, slightly moist,
SURFACE COMPLETION
micaceous, clayey, fine to
2.69-foot stick-up with a 4” x 4"
medium sandy SILT - (compacted
standup locking steel protective
structural fill
cover with a Tx 3' concrete pad at
the base with a survey pin
1285
2
Top of PVC casing elev. = 1,290.79
3
3
.....
feet
5
...
........................................................
Ground surface elev. = 1,288.10
feet
Survey pin elev. = 1,288.10 feet
1280
Northing = 798,515.11'
3
5
Easting = 1,231,973.00'
10
6
..
1275
2
3
3
...:.
15
...
1270
3
4
9
20
....
Neat cement grout, 0 to 42.3 feet
Dense, light gray and black,
1265
slightly moist, very micaceous,
silty, fine to coarse SAND - (fill)
12
16
25
17
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dense, dark gray, moist, very
....
1260
micaceous, silty, fine to medium
SAND - (fill)
19
23
23
....
30
.....
Firm, gray, slightly moist,
1255
micaceous, silty, fine to medium
SAND with saprolite foliation
3
banding - (residuum)
4
•
35
70
1250
17
24
•,...
22
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-9
Sheet 1 of 2

„LMINC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-9
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J16-1235-83
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 6-29-16 END: 7-6-16
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1288.10
GEOTECHNICAL AND EN VIRONMENTAL
DRILLER: Landprobe, J. Gorman LOGGED BY: M. Preddy
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: CME 75 Marooka; 8.25-inch OD hollow stem auger
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: 66.5 AFTER 24 HOURS:1 61.2 CAVING>3M
C0
w
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
2 BLOWS/FOOT
DETAILS
a
N 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Firm, gray, Slightly moist,
Neat cement grout, 0 to 42.3 feet
micaceous, silty, fine to medium
SAND with saprolite foliation
banding - (residuum)
Firm, brown, slightly moist, very
1245
micaceous, slightly clayey, silty,
4
fine to medium SAND
8
45
.....
Dense, gray, slightly moist,
1240
micaceous, silty, fine to medium
Bentonite seal, 42.3 to 55.9 feet
SAND with saprolite foliation
12
banding
22
• ..
50
20
1235
3
12
30
55
...
Filter pack, #0 sand, 55.9 to 75.0
feet
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK
1230
which sampled as gray, slightly
moist, micaceous, silty, fine to
32
50/4^
medium SAND with saprolite
50/4”
60
foliation banding
1225
....
30
50/2"
....
65
...
2-inch diameter, 0.010-inch slotted
... ...:.
Schedule 40 PVC well screen,
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK
59.61 to 74.61 feet
1220
which sampled as brown, wet,
-
slightly clayey, silty, fine to coarse
50/3"
: :
SAND
70
Auger refusal at 69.0 feet
Gray, fine to medium, very
micaceous, SCHIST BEDROCK
1215
....
75
Pipe cap
Boring terminated at 75.0 feet.
Total well depth, 74.86 feet
Groundwater encountered at 66.5
feet at time of drilling and at 61.2
1210
feet after 24 hours.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-9
Sheet 2 of 2

,ILMINC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-10
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J15-1235-74
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 10-7-15 END: 10-19-15
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1355.08
GEOTECHNICALANDENVIRONMENTAL
DRILLER: Landprobe, J. Gorman LOGGED BY: I. Irizarry
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: CME 75; 8-1/4 inch OD hollow stem auger and 6-inch OD air rotary bit
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V dry AFTER 24 HOURS: 1 73.5 CAVING>3W
w
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
BLOWS/FOOT
DETAILS
U)
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
MH
Hard, gray, dry, slightly
SURFACE COMPLETION
micaceous, fine sandy SILT -
.....:.........:.. = =
3.45-foot stick-up with a 4" x 4"
(residuum)
standup locking steelprotective
pad a
cover with a 3' x 3' concrete a t
the base with a survey pin
8
- -
installed at th
1l4 inch weep hole insta e
16
base of the steel cover
1350
5
34
..........:......:..:..:...
vent hole in p of PVC
1/4 inch to
casing
Stiff, yellowish -brown, dry,
slightly micaceous, fine sandy
.....:...
Pea gravel installed inside the steel
SILT
6
the d th
cover between a cover an e
7
.....:...:....:............:......:
PVC casing
1345
10
7
....
Top of PVC casing elev. = 1,358.53
fee
....:...:....:............:......:..:..:...
Ground 13
d surface elev. _ 55.08
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK
feet
which sampled as brown to
.....:.........7..
Su pin elev. = 1,356.08 feet
y
grayish -brown, dry, micaceous,
11
silty, fine to medium SAND
16
...:..:..50' .
1340
15
5014"
:. _...
Northing = 799,077.81'
....:...:....:............:......:..:..:...
1 Easti'n g = 2324 05.55
Stiff to very stiff, brown and
gray, dry, micaceous, fine to
..... :......... :............:......:..:..:...
medium sandy SILT
7
5
12
............� ....................:..:..:.:..
1335
20
:...:..
Grout, 0 to 60.2 feet
3
5
7
..............:� .. .... ....:...:...:
1330
25
Hard, dark grayish -brown, dry,
......
micaceous, fine to medium
.....:...:....:.. = =
sandy SILT
11
15
17
..........:..:..:.:..
1325
30
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK
which sampled as dark
.....:...:....:..
grayish -brown, dry, micaceous,
32
fine to medium sandy SILT
38
. ....
1320
35
50151,
46
50l3"
.....:...:....:..:..:....:.......................
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-10
Sheet 1 of 3

,ILMINC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-10
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J15-1235-74
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 10-7-15 END: 10-19-15
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina ELEVATION: 1355.08
DRILLER: Landprobe, J. Gorman LOGGED BY: I. Irizarry
GEOTECHNICALANDENVIRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: CME 75; 8-1/4 inch OD hollow stem auger and 6-inch OD air rotary bit
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V dry AFTER 24 HOURS: 1 73.5 CAVING>3W
rn
w
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
BLOWS/FOOT
DETAILS
in 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK
Grout, 0 to 60.2 feet
which sampled as dark
"" .........
grayish -brown, dry, micaceous,
fine to medium sandy SILT
Very hard, gray, moist,
micaceous, fine to medium
21
sandy SILT
21
:...:......
1310
45
.... :......... ..:..:.......... :..:...
:..:....:....:.............W,
5013"
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK
which sampled as gray and
1305
50
brown, slightly moist,
micaceous, silty, fine to medium
..........:......:..:..:...
SAND
Auger refusal at 54.0 feet. Air
50/1..
drilled to 94.5 feet.
130055
.....................................................
Gray GNEISS BEDROCK
1295
60
.........
.....:...:....:..:..:....:....:...:...:..:..:.:..
Bentonite seal, 60.2 to 68.5 feet
1290
fi5
.........
..........:......:..:..:...
#0 Filter sand 68.5 to 94.5
1285
70
..........:...
".
Brown, slightly weathered
GNEISS BEDROCK
................:..:..:...
1280
75
.........
"
.....:...:....:..:..:....:....................:..
2-inch diameter, 0.010-inch slotted
....:...:....:.. .. .... ....:.............. ..
II scree ,
Schedule 40 PVC we n
69.56 to 84.56 feet
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-10
Sheet 2 of 3

,I L MINC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NO. MW-10
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
ENGINEERING, INC.
GEOTECHNICALAND EN V IRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS
ELEVATION/ DESCRIPTION
DEPTH (FT)
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill
PROJECT NO.: J15-1235-74
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC
START: 10-7-15 END: 10-19-15
LOCATION: Caldwell County, North Carolina
ELEVATION: 1355.08
DRILLER: Landprobe, J. Gorman
LOGGED BY: I. Irizarry
DRILLING METHOD: CME 75; 8-1/4 inch OD hollow stem auger and 6-inch
OD air rotary bit
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V dry AFTER 24 HOURS: 1
73.5 CAVING>=
SOIL ICI STANDARD P PENETRATION RESULTS I MONITOR DEL INSTALLATION
TYPE BLOWS/FOOT
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Gray GNEISS BEDROCK
.....:...:....:..:..:....:....:...:...:..:..:.:..
2-inch diameter, 0.010-inch slotted
....:...:....:............:......:..:..:...
Schedule 40 PVC we n
II scree ,
69.56 to 84.56 feet
1270
85
..................... .... ....:......:
Pipe
p cap
....:...:....:.. .. .... ....:... ........... ..
Total well depth, 84.76 feet
1265
90
. . . _..
.
#O Filter sand, 68.5 to 94.5
1260
95
.... :......... :............:...
Boring terminated at 94.5 feet.
No groundwater encountered at......
:......... 7... = =
time of drilling, but was
encountered at 73.5 feet after 24
hours.
.....:...:....:............:................
1255
100
...........................
1250
105
..........................:......:..:..:...
1245
110
........... .. .... ....:.............. ..
1240
115
..........:......:..:..:...
GROUNDWATER
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-10
Sheet 3 of 3

It
'
IMMINC.
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-11
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J18-1235-89
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 9-6-18 END: 9-7-18
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, NC ELEVATION: 1398.66
GEOTECHNICAL AND EN VIRONMENTAL
DRILLER: Landprobe R. Banks LOGGED BY: T.J. Daniel
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 8114" O.D., Schramm 6" O.D.
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V 120.16 AFTER 24 HOURS: 1 77.89 CAVING>3m
y
W
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
2 BLOWS/FOOT
DETAILS
a
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
rIll
Stiff, reddish brown, slightly
moist, slightly micaceous, clayey,
................
SURFACE COMPLETION
fine sandy, SILT (FILL)
3.38 feet of stickup with 4"x4"
........................................................
stand up looking steel protective
cover with a TxT concrete pad at
........... ............................. .........
the base with a survey pin. rve i .
1395
5
6
1/4 inch weephole installed at the
5
7
base of the steel cover.
......... :....: ........................ .:.......
1/4 inch vent hole in top of PVC
casing.
Firm, tan to light grey, slightly
1390
moist, silty, fine to medium SAND
6
Pea gravel installed inside the
(FILL)
6
e
steel cover between the cover and
7
ing.
PVC casing.
10
.....:............:...:.....................:......
Ground elevation = 1398.66 feet
Stiff, reddish brown, slightly
. . .
'n
1385
moist, slightly micaceous, clayey,
6
Top o f PVC casing e lev.= 1401.71
fine to coarse sandy, SILT (FILL)
6
feet
u Elevation = 76 feet
rveyPin7
S EI t' 1398 et
15
8
Of t
Northing = 99,549.2 feet
.....: ... :....:........................ .:.......
Easting = 1,232,383.56 feet
Very firm, light brown to light
1380
grey, slightly moist, slightly
7
micaceous, clayey, silty, fine to
14
x
•
20
coarse SAND (FILL)
12
G 83 o feet
Grout, 0 to ee
1375
9
12
•
25
........................................................
Very hard, brown, slightly moist,
1370
slightly micaceous, clayey, fine to
11
coarse sandy SILT (FILL)
15
5 /
o'
30
50/2"
Very firm, greyish brown, slightly
1365
moist, slightly micaceous, silty
9
fine to coarse SAND (FILL)
12
35
15
........................................................
Very stiff, light brown, slightly
1360
moist, micaceous, clayey, fine to
7
medium sandy, SILT (FILL)
8
22
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-11
Sheet 1 of 4

It
'
IMMINC.
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-11
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J18-1235-89
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 9-6-18 END: 9-7-18
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, NC ELEVATION: 1398.66
GEOTECHNICAL AND EN VIRONMENTAL
DRILLER: Landprobe R. Banks LOGGED BY: T.J. Daniel
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 8114" O.D., Schramm 6" O.D.
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V 120.16 AFTER 24 HOURS: 1 77.89 CAVING>3m
y
W
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
ii STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
a BLOWS/FOOT
DETAILS
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
Auger refusal at 40 feet, air rotary
drilled to 121.1 feet
....................
Brown, slightly moist, clayey,
1355
silty, fine SAND (FILL)
45.....
............................. .........
.................................:
Brown, slightly moist, clayey, fine
1350
sandy, SILT (FILL)
50
......................................................
-----------------
Brown, slightly moist, slightly
.........................................
1345
micaceous, gravelly, clayey, fine
to coarse sandy SILT (FILL)
...................................................
55
......... ............................. .........
-----------------
Reddish brown, slightly moist,
........................................................
1340
slightly micaceous, clayey, fine to
medium sandy, SILT (FILL)
60
....................................................
1335
65
......... .................................. .........
-----------------
Brown, slightly moist, slightly
. .............................. .
1330
micaceous, gravelly, clayey, fine
to coarse sandy, SILT (FILL)
...................................................
70
......... ............................. .........
. ........................ .
Greyish brown, slightly moist,
1325
slightly micaceous, clayey, fine to
coarse sandy, SILT (residuum)
75
..:........................................:
1320
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-11
Sheet 2 of 4

It
' IMMINC.
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-11
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J18-1235-89
BUNNELL-LAMMONS CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 9-6-18 END: 9-7-18
ENGINEERING, INC. LOCATION: Caldwell County, NC ELEVATION: 1398.66
GEOTECHNICAL AND EN VIRONMENTAL DRILLER: Landprobe R. Banks LOGGED BY: T.J. Daniel
CONSULTANTS DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 8114" O.D., Schramm 6" O.D.
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: V 120.16 AFTER 24 HOURS:1 77.89 CAVING>'TM
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
ii STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
Q BLOWS/FOOT
DETAILS
N 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
............
Bentonite seal, 83.0 to 88.0 feet
1315
....................................................
Greyish brown, weathered gneiss
85
BEDROCK
..................................................
Fracture at 87.0 feet
........................................................
..... ............................. . ..........
#0 Filter pack sand, 88.0 to 121.1
1310
.........................................
feet
90
....:.................................................
2-inch diameter, 0.010-inch slotted
..........................................:...:..
well screen, Schedule 40 PVC we
90.15 to 105.15 feet
Fracture at 92.0 feet
--
.......................................................
.• .
Grey, gneiss BEDROCK
1305
...................................................
.• .
95
....:.................................................
...................................................
.• .
Fracture at 97.0 feet
.....................................................
.......................................................
1300
........................................................
.• .
100
..:... ..... .......................... ....:...:.
..................................................
1295
Fracture at 103.0 feet
.......................................................
...................................................
.• .
105
......... ............................. .........
Pipe cap
........................................................
Total well depth, 105.35 feet
1290
110
....:............................................
1285
115
... ..... .......................................
1280
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-11
Sheet 3 of 4

It
'
IMMINC.
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-11
PROJECT: Foothills Regional MSW Landfill PROJECT NO.: J18-1235-89
CLIENT: Republic Services of NC, LLC START: 9-6-18 END: 9-7-18
BUNNELL-LAMMONS
ENGINEERING, INC.
LOCATION: Caldwell County, INC ELEVATION: 1398.66
DRILLER: Landprobe R. Banks LOGGED BY: T.J. Daniel
GEOTECHNICAL AND EN VIRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS
DRILLING METHOD: CME 750 81/4" O.D., Schramm 6" O.D.
DEPTH TO - WATER> INITIAL: a 120.16 AFTER 24 HOURS:1 77.89 CAVING>77
N
W
ELEVATION/
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
a STANDARD PENETRATION RESULTS
MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION
DEPTH (FT)
TYPE
a BLOWS/FOOT
DETAILS
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90
...... ..... . ...............
Boring terminated at 121.1 feet
below ground surface.
.......... ................................... ...........
Groundwater initially encountered
.......................... . .........
1275
at 120.16 feet below ground
.........................
surface. Groundwater
....... .............
encountered after 24 hours at
125
77.89 feet below ground surface.
..................................................
1270
130
......................................................
1265
135
......................................................
1260
140
....................................................
1255
145
......................................................
1250
150
......................................................
1245
155
... :....:......................................
1240
MONITORING WELL NO. MW-11
Sheet 4 of 4

APPENDIX C
NCDEQ Water Quality Analytical and Reporting
Requirements

e;A
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
October 27, 2006
To: SW Director/County Manager/Consultant/Laboratory
From: NC DENR-DWM, Solid Waste Section
Re: New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data
The Solid Waste Section receives and reviews a wide variety of environmental monitoring data from permitted
solid waste management facilities, including the results from groundwater and surface water analyses, leachate
samples, methane gas readings, potentiometric measurements, and corrective action data. We are in the process
of developing a database to capture the large volume of data submitted by facilities.
To maintain the integrity of the database, it is critical that facilities, consultants, and laboratories work with the
Solid Waste Section to ensure that environmental samples are collected and analyzed properly with the resulting
data transferred to the Solid Waste Section in an accurate manner.
In order to better serve the public and to expedite our review process, the Solid Waste Section is requesting
specific formatting for environmental monitoring data submittals for all solid waste management facilities.
Effective, December 1, 2006, please submit a Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form in
addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This form will be sent in lieu of your current cover
letter to the Solid Waste Section. The Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form must be filled out
completely, signed, and stamped with a Board Certified North Carolina Geologist License Seal.
The solid waste environmental monitoring data form will include the following:
1. Contact Information
2. Facility Name
3. Facility Permit Number
4. Facility Address
5. Monitoring Event Date (MM/DD/YYYY)
6. Water Quality Status: Monitoring, Detection Monitoring, or Assessment Monitoring
7. Type of Data Submitted: Groundwater Monitoring Wells, Groundwater Potable Wells, Leachate,
Methane Gas, or Corrective Action Data
8. Notification of Exceedance of Groundwater, Surface Water, or Methane Gas (in table form)
a. Signature
10. North Carolina Geologist Seal
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer — Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

Page 2 of 2
Most of these criteria are already being included or can be added with little effort. The Solid Waste
Environmental Monitoring Data Form can be downloaded from our website:
hllp://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro monitoring.asp.
The Solid Waste Section is also requesting a new format for monitoring wells, potable wells, surface water
sampling locations, and methane probes. This format is essential in the development and maintenance of the
database. The Solid Waste Section is requesting that each sampling location at all North Carolina solid waste
management facilities have its own unique identification number. We are simply asking for the permit number
to be placed directly in front of the sampling location number (example: 9901-MW1 = Permit Number 99-01
and Monitoring Well MW-1). No changes will need to be made to the well tags, etc. This unique identification
system will enable us to accurately report data not only to NCDENR, but to the public as well. We understand
that this new identification system will take some time to implement, but we feel that this will be beneficial to
everyone involved in the long term.
Additionally, effective December 1, 2006, the Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs) established in 1994
will change. The Solid Waste Section is requiring that all solid waste management facilities use the new Solid
Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) for all groundwater analyses by a North Carolina Certified Laboratory.
Laboratories must also report any detection of a constituent even it is detected below the new SWRL (e.g., J
values where the constituent was detected above the detection limit, but below the quantitation limit).
PQLs are technology -based analytical levels that are considered achievable using the referenced analytical
method. The PQL is considered the lowest concentration of a contaminant that the lab can accurately detect and
quantify. PQLs provided consistency and available numbers that were achievable by the given analytical
method. However, PQLs are not health -based, and analytical instruments have improved over the years
resulting in lower achievable PQLs for many of the constituents. As a result, the Solid Waste Section has
established the SWRLs as the new reporting limits eliminating the use of the PQLs.
We would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic submittal of the reports. This option is
intended to save resources for both the public and private sectors. The Solid Waste Section will accept the
entire report including narrative text, figures, tables, and maps on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM submittal shall
contain a CD-ROM case and both CD-ROM and the case shall be labeled with the site name, site address,
permit number, and the monitoring event date (MM/DD/YYYY). The files maybe a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls, or .doc
type. Also, analytical lab data should be reported in an .xls file. We have a template for analytical lab data
available on the web at the address listed above.
If you have any questions or concerns, please call [phone]. Thank you for your anticipated cooperation
in this matter.

North Carolina
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
MEMORANDUM
4 'A
,A_�79 0 .
NCDENR
Department of Environment and
Division of Waste Management
February 23, 2007
Natural Resources
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
To: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Operators, North Carolina Certified Laboratories, and Consultants
From: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid Waste Section Memorandum Regarding New
Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data.
The purpose of this addendum memorandum is to provide further clarification to the October 27, 2006, North
Carolina Solid Waste Section memo titled, "New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data."
The updated guidelines is in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories, consultants, and the
regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in groundwater at levels below the previous
practical quantitation limits (PQLs). The North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the
regulated community, and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary
purpose of these changes was to improve the protection of public health and the environment. The North
Carolina Solid Waste Section is concerned about analytical data at these low levels because the earliest possible
detection of toxic or potentially carcinogenic chemicals in the environment is paramount in the North Carolina
Solid Waste Section's mission to protect human health and the environment. Low level analytical data are
critical for making the correct choices when designing site remediation strategies, alerting the public to health
threats, and protecting the environment from toxic contaminants. The revised limits were updated based on
readily available laboratory analytical methodology and current health -based groundwater protection standards.
Definitions
Many definitions relating to detection limits and quantitation limits are used in the literature and by government
agencies, and commonly accepted procedures for calculating these limits exist. Except for the Solid Waste
Section Limit and the North Carolina 2L Standards, the definitions listed below are referenced from the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The definitions are also an attempt to clarify the meaning of these
terms as used by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section.
Method Detection Limit (MDL) is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and
reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero.
Method Reporting Limit or Method Quantitation Limit (MRL or MQL) is the minimum concentration of a
target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) is a quantitation limit that represents a practical and routinely achievable
quantitation limit with a high degree of certainty (>99.9% confidence) in the results. Per EPA Publication
Number SW-846, the PQL is the lowest concentration that can be reliably measured within specified limits of
precision and accuracy for a specific laboratory analytical method during routine laboratory operating
conditions in accordance with "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods. The
PQL appears in older NCDENR literature; however, it is no longer being used by the North Carolina Solid
Waste Section.
Solid Waste Section Limit (SWSL) is the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively
determined with suitable precision and accuracy. The SWSL is the concentration below which reported
analytical results must be qualified as estimated. The SWSL is the updated version of the PQL that appears in
older North Carolina Solid Waste Section literature. The SWSL is the limit established by the laboratory survey
conducted by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. The nomenclature of the SWRL described in the October
27, 2006, memorandum has changed to the SWSL.
North Carolina 2L Standards (2L) are water quality standards for the protection of groundwaters of North
Carolina as specified in 15A NCAC 2L .0200, Classifications and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the
Groundwaters of North Carolina.
Method Detection Limits (MDLs)
Clarification of detection limits referenced in the October 27, 2006, memorandum needed to be addressed
because of concerns raised by the regulated community. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section is now
requiring laboratories to report to the method detection limit.
Method detection limits are statistically determined values that define the concentration at which measurements
of a substance by a specific analytical protocol can be distinguished from measurements of a blank (background
noise). Method detection limits are matrix -specific and require a well defined analytical method. In the course
of routine operations, laboratories generally report the highest method detection limit for all the instruments
used for a specific method.
In many instances, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section gathers data from many sources prior to evaluating
the data or making a compliance decision. Standardization in data reporting significantly enhances the ability to
interpret and review data because the reporting formats are comparable. Reporting a method detection limit
alerts data users of the known uncertainties and limitations associated with using the data. Data users must
understand these limitations in order to minimize the risk of making poor environmental decisions. Censoring
data below unspecified or non -statistical reporting limits severely biases data sets and restricts their usefulness.
Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSLs
Due to comments from the regulated community, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section has changed the
nomenclature of the new limits referenced on Page 2 of the October 27, 2006, memorandum, from the North
Carolina Solid Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) to the Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSL). Data must be
reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be quantifiable at or below the SWSL. The
SWSLs must be used for both groundwater and surface water data reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste
Section. The PQLs will no longer be used.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

The North Carolina Solid Waste Section has considered further feedback from laboratories and the regulated
community and has made some additional changes to the values of the SWSLs. These changes may be viewed
on our webpage:
http://www.wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitoringlist.asp
Analytical Data Reporting Requirements
The strategy for implementing the new analytical data reporting requirements involves reporting the actual
laboratory method detection limit with all analytical laboratory results along with the following requirements:
1) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the MDL but less than the SWSL is known to be present,
but the uncertainty in the value is higher than a value reported above the SWSL. As a result, the actual
concentration is estimated. The estimated concentration is reported along with a qualifier ("J" flag) to alert data
users that the result is between the MDL and the SWSL. Any analytical data below quantifiable levels should
be examined closely to evaluate whether the analytical data should be included in any statistical analysis. A
statistician should make this determination. If an analyte is detected below the North Carolina 2L Standards,
even if it is a quantifiable concentration, compliance action may not be taken unless it is statistically significant
increase over background.
These analytical results may require additional confirmation.
2) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the SWSL is present, and the quantitated value can be
reported with a high degree of confidence. These analytes are reported without estimated qualification. The
laboratory's MDL and SWSL must be included in the analytical laboratory report. Any reported concentration
of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the North Carolina 2L Standards will be used for compliance
purposes, unless the inorganic constituent is not statistically significant). Exceedance of the North Carolina 2L
Standards or a statistically significant increase over background concentrations define when a violation has
occurred. Any reported concentration of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the SWSL that is not
above an North Carolina 2L Standard will be used as a tool to assess the integrity of the landfill system and
predict the possibility that a constituent concentration may exceed the North Carolina 2L Standards in the
future.
These analytical results may be used for compliance without further confirmation.
Failure to comply with the requirements described in the October 27, 2006, memorandum and this addendum to
the October 27, 2006, memorandum will constitute a violation of 15A NCAC 13B .0601, .0602, or .1632(b),
and the analytical data will be returned and deemed unacceptable. Submittal of unacceptable data may lead to
enforcement action.
Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) Submittal
The North Carolina Solid Waste Section would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic
submittal of the reports in addition to the analytical laboratory data. This option is intended to save resources
for both the public and private sectors.
The North Carolina Solid Waste Section will accept the entire report including narrative text, figures, tables,
and maps on CD-ROM. Please separate the figures and tables from the report when saving in order to keep the
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 3
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

size of the files smaller. The CD-ROM submittal shall contain a CD-ROM case and both CD-ROM and the
case shall be labeled with the site name, site address, permit number, and the monitoring event date
(MM/DD/YYYY). The reporting files maybe submitted as a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls,. or .doc type.
Also, analytical lab data and field data should be reported in .xls files. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section
has a template for analytical lab data and field data. This template is available on our webpage:
http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp. Methane monitoring data may also be submitted
electronically in this format.
Pursuant to the October 27, 2006, memorandum, please remember to submit a Solid Waste Section
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form in addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This
form should be sealed by a geologist or engineer licensed in North Carolina if hydrogeologic or geologic
calculations, maps, or interpretations are included with the report. Otherwise, any representative that the
facility owner chooses may sign and submit the form. Also, if the concentration of methane generated by the
facility exceeds 100% of the lower explosive limits (LEL) at the property boundary or exceeds 25% of the LEL
in facility structures (excluding gas control or recovery system components), include the exceedance(s) on the
North Carolina Solid Waste Section Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form.
If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-8500) or Ervin
Lane (919-508-8520).
Thank you for your continued cooperation with this matter.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 4
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

46PA
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
MEMORANDUM
Division of Waste Management
October 16, 2007
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
To: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Operators, North Carolina Certified
Laboratories, and Consultants
From: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: Environmental Monitoring Data for North Carolina Solid Waste
Management Facilities
The purpose of this memorandum is to provide a reiteration of the use of the Solid Waste
Section Limits (SWSLs), provide new information on the Groundwater Protection
Standards, and provide a reminder of formats for environmental monitoring data
submittals.
The updated guidelines are in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories,
consultants, and the regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in
groundwater at levels below the previous Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs). The
North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the regulated community,
and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary
purpose of these changes was to improve the protection of public health and the
environment.
Data must be reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be
quantifiable at or below the SWSLs. The SWSLs must be used for both groundwater and
surface water data reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. The PQLs will no
longer be used.
In June 2007, we received new information regarding changes to the Groundwater
Protection Standards. If a North Carolina 2L Groundwater Standard does not exist, then
a designated Groundwater Protection Standard is used pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B
.1634. Toxicologists with the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services
calculated these new Groundwater Protection Standards. Questions regarding how the
standards were calculated can be directed to the North Carolina Department of Health
and Human Services.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
1
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

We have reviewed the new results from the North Carolina Department of Public Health
and have updated our webpage accordingly. The list of Groundwater Protection
Standards, North Carolina 2L Standards and SWSLs are subject to change and will be
reviewed every year or sooner if new scientific and toxicological data become available.
Please review our website periodically for any changes to the 2L NC Standards,
Groundwater Protection Standards, or SWSLs. Specific updates will be noted on our
website.
http://www.wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitorin lig st.asp
In addition, the following should be included with environmental monitoring data
submittals:
1. Environmental Monitoring Data Form as a cover sheet:
http://www.wastenotnc. org/swhome/EnvMonitoring/NCEnvMonRptFonn.pdf
2. Copy of original laboratory results.
3. Table of detections and discussion of 2L exceedances.
4. Electronic files on CD or sent by email. These files should include the written report as
a Portable Document Format (PDF) file and the laboratory data as an excel file following
the format of the updated Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) template on our website:
http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro monitoring.asp
If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Donald Herndon (919-
508-8502), Ervin Lane (919-508-8520) or Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-8500).
Thank you for your continued cooperation with these matters.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

A�
L&�
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
Pat McCrory John E. Skvarla, III
Governor Secretary
November 5, 2014
MEMORANDUM
To: Solid Waste Directors, Public Works Directors, Landfill Operators, and Landfill Owners
From: Solid Waste Section
Re: Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil, Sediment, and Landfill Gas Electronic Document Submittal
The Solid Waste Section is continuing its efforts to improve efficiencies in document management. All
groundwater, surface water, soil, sediment, and landfill gas documents submitted to the Solid Waste Section are
stored electronically and are made readily available for the public to view on our webpage. Please remember that
hard copies/paper copies are not required, and should not be submitted. The submittal of these electronic
documents following a consistent electronic document protocol will also assist us in our review. Please follow
these procedures when submitting all groundwater, surface water, soil, sediment, and landfill gas documents to the
Solid Waste Section.
Submittal Method and Formatting
• All files must be in portable document format (pdf) except for Electronic Data Deliverables (EDDs)
unless otherwise specified by the Solid Waste Section. All pdf files should meet these requirements:
o Optical Characteristic Recognition (OCR) applied;
o Minimum of 300 dpi;
o Free of password protections and/or encryption (applies to EDDs as well);
o Optimized to reduce file size; and
o Please begin using the following naming convention when submitting all electronic files: Permit
Number (00-00)_Date of Document (YYYYMMDD). For example: 00-00_20140101.
• Please submit all files via email or by file transfer protocol (FTP) via email to the appropriate
Hydrogeologist unless otherwise specified by the Solid Waste Section. If the electronic file is greater
than 20 MB, please submit the file via FTP or on a CD. If submitting a CD, please mail the CD to the
appropriate Hydrogeologist. The CD should be labeled with the facility name, permit number, county,
name of document, date of monitoring event (if applicable), and the date of document.
• Please be sure a signed Environmental Monitoring Data Form is submitted as part of the electronic file for
all water quality and landfill gas documents (monitoring, alternate source demonstration, assessment,
investigation, corrective action). This completed form should be the first page of the document before the
cover/title page and should not be submitted as an individual file. Blank forms can be downloaded at
http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/EnvMonitoring/NCEnvMonRptForrnpdf
Monitoring Data
Monitoring data documents may include any or all of the following: 1) groundwater and surface water monitoring;
2) soil and sediment, and 3) landfill gas monitoring. In addition to the above procedures, at a minimum, please
include the following:
Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring
• A copy of the laboratory report(s).
• A copy of the sampling log(s).
• A separate table of detections and exceedances for each monitoring location.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2090 US Highway 70, Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778-82111
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer

o All analytical results should be reported in micrograms per liter (ug/L) except for field
parameters and specific Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) parameters.
o Please also include the laboratory's method detection limit (MDL) in ug/L, the Solid Waste
Section Limit (SWSL) in ug/L, the appropriate NC regulatory standard in ug/L (2L, 213,
GWPS, IMAC), and the Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) in ug/L.
o Please BOLD each exceedance result.
• A separate table of field parameters for each monitoring location.
• An Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) spreadsheet for each monitoring event submitted in the correct
format. All analytical results should be reported in micrograms per liter (ug/L) except for field
parameters and specific Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) parameters. The blank EDD template
can be downloaded at hqp://www.wastenotnc.org,/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp. Please pay
attention to the formats within the spreadsheet. Any EDD received that is not formatted correctly will
be emailed back to be resubmitted via email within five (5) days.
• A separate groundwater monitoring well construction table.
o Please also include the date the well was drilled, well diameter, total well depth, depth to top
of screened interval (in feet), screened interval (in feet), geology of screened interval, TOC
elevation, ground elevation, groundwater elevation, GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude),
and depth to water (in feet).
• A separate groundwater table with groundwater flow rate(s).
• A recent facility figure that includes labeled groundwater and surface water monitoring locations.
• A groundwater flow map with an arrow(s) indicating flow direction(s), including date the
measurements were taken.
Soil and Sediment Sampling
• A copy of the laboratory report(s).
• A copy of the sampling log(s).
• A separate table of detections and exceedances for each sampling location.
o Please also include the results in micrograms per liter (ug/L), the laboratory's method
detection limit (MDL) in ug/L, and the appropriate NC regulatory standard (PSRG) in ug/L.
o Please BOLD each exceedance result.
• A separate table of soil and/or sediment characteristics.
• A recent facility figure that includes labeled sampling locations.
Landfill Gas Monitoring
• A blank Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form can be found within the Landfill Gas Monitoring
Guidance document and can be downloaded at
http://portal.ncdenr.org/c/document_librar/get file?uuid=da699f7e-8cl3-4249-9012-
16af8aefdc7b&groupId=3 8361.
• A separate table of landfill gas detections and exceedances for each monitoring location. Please
BOLD each exceedance result.
• A recent facility figure that includes labeled landfill gas monitoring locations (both permanent and
temporary).
If you have any questions or concerns regarding electronic submittals, please feel free to contact the
Hydrogeologist overseeing your facility. The Solid Waste Section greatly appreciates your assistance on
this matter. Working together, we can continue to provide excellent customer service to you and to the
public.
• Jackie Drummond, Asheville Regional Office, 828-296-4706, jaclynne.drummond a,ncdenr.gov
• Ervin Lane, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8288, ervin.lane(a),ncdenngov
• Elizabeth Werner, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8253, elizabeth.werner(a),ncdenngov
• Christine Ritter, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8254, christine.ritter(d),ncdenngov
• Perry Sugg, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8258, perry.sugg(a)ncdenr.gov
2
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2090 US Highway 70, Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778-82111
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
http://poftal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer

Waste Management
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
September 9, 2016
MEMORANDUM
PAT MCCRORY
Governor
DONALD R. VAN DER VAART
Secretary
MICHAEL SCOTT
Director
To: Solid Waste Directors, Public Works Directors, Landfill Operators, and
Landfill Owners
From: The Solid Waste Section
Reference: Guidelines for 14-Day Notification of Groundwater Exceedances Form
Submittal per rule: 15A NCAC 13B .1633(c)(1)
• The 14-day notification form should be submitted whenever a groundwater
protection standard (GWPS) is exceeded for the first time.
o As defined in 13B .1634(g)(h), a GWPS will be either of the following: the 2L
standard (most cases); 2L Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration; a
groundwater protection standard calculated by the SWS; or a site -specific
statistical background level approved by the SWS.
• If a facility is undergoing assessment or corrective action, the 14-day notification
form should be submitted ONLY when the constituent with the reported
exceedance is not being addressed through assessment or corrective action.
• If a facility plans to conduct a re -sampling event to confirm the initial
exceedance, the 14-day notification form should be submitted .ONLY. when the
re -sampling event analytical data confirms the initial exceedance.
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Waste Management
1646 Mail Service Center 1217 West Jones Street I Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
919 707 8200 T

NCDWM Solid Waste Section
14-Day Notification of GWPS Exceedances Flowchart
[per Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1633(c)(1)]
No 14-Day
Notification
STOP
/ Is Facility
Groundwater Currently in
Protection Assessment 7
� YES
Standard YES or Corrective
Exceedance* Action?
No
No '<
Does
Verification
Sampling
Confirm GWPS
Exceedance(s)?
I
YES
NOTE:
*GWPS = see Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1634(g)(h)
No
Will verification
resampling &
Analysis be
conducted?
No
Submit 14-Day
Notification Form to
SWS
Is Assessment or
CA addressing the
Constituent w/
current
exceedance
value(s)?
No 14-Day
Notification
STOP
Proceed with
Alternative Source
Demonstration
(ASD) or
Assessment
YES
August 2016

NC DEQ 14-Day Notification of Groundwater
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Protection Standard Exceedance(s)
per rule: 15A NCAC 136.1633(c)(1)
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed applicable groundwater protection standards.
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDEQ-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Phone:
E-mail:
Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # October 20-24, 2006)
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
❑ Initial/Background Monitoring ❑ Detection Monitoring ❑ Assessment Monitoring ❑ Corrective Action
Additional Information:
❑ A notification of values exceeding a groundwater protection standard as defined in 15A NCAC 13B .1634(g)(h) is attached. It includes a list of
groundwater monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC Solid Waste GWPS and preliminary analysis of the
cause and significance of any concentration.
❑ A re -sampling event was conducted to confirm the exceedances.
❑ Alternate Source Demonstration(s) have been approved for the following constituents with report date:
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Facility Representative Name (Print)
Signature
Facility Representative Address
Title
NC PG/PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Revised 6/2016
Date
(Area Code) Telephone Number
Affix NC Licensed/Professional Geologist or Professional
Engineer Seal

All units are in (ug/L) unless noted.
NE = Not Established
CAS numbers that begin with "SW" are not real CAS numbers, instead this represents the Solid Waste Section's ID number
* GWP = Groundwater Protection
** SWSL = Solid Waste Section Limit
CAS Number
Name
Other Names
2L Std.
GWP* Std.
SWSL**
SW ID
App 1
630-20-6
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-
NE
1.3
5
190
1
71-55-6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane; Meth (chloroform
Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-
200
--
1
200
1
79-34-5
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
NE
0.18
3
191
1
79-00-5
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-
NE
0.6
1
202
1
75-34-3
1,1-Dichloroethane; Ethyldidene chloride
Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-
70
--
5
75
1
75-35-4
1,1-Dichloroeth lene; 1,1-Dichloroethene;
Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-
7
--
5
77
1
563-58-6
1,1-Dichloropropene
1-Propene, 1,1-dichloro-
NE
NE
5
85
II
96-18-4
1,2,3-Trichloro ro ane
Propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-
0.005
--
1
206
1
95-94-3
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-
NE
NE
10
189
II
120-82-1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Benzene, 1,2,4-trichloro-
NE
70
10
199
II
96-12-8
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane; DBCP
Propane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-
0.025
--
13
67
1
106-93-4
1,2-Dibromoethane; Ethylene dibromide;
EDB
Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-
0.0004
--
1
6811
107-06-2
1,2-Dichloroethane; Ethylene dichloride
Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-
0.38
--
1
76
1
78-87-5
1,2-Dichloropropane
Propane,1,2-dichloro-
0.51
--
1
82
I
142-28-9
1,3-Dichloropropane; Trimethylene
dichloride
Propane, 1,3-dichloro-
NE
NE
1
83
II
130-15-4
1,4-Na htho uinone
1,4-Na hthalenedione
NE
NE
10
149
II
134-32-7
1-Naphthylamine
1-Naphthalenamine
NE
NE
10
15011
594-20-7
2,2-Dichloropropane; Isopropylidene
chloride
Propane, 2,2-dichloro-
NE
NE
15
84,11
58-90-2
2,3,4,6-Tetrachloro henol
Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-
210
--
10
193
II
93-76-5
2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Acetic acid, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-
NE
NE
2
188
II
95-95-4
2,4,5-Trichloro henol
Phenol, 2,4,5-trichloro-
NE
700
10
204
II
88-06-2
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-
NE
NE
10
205
II
94-75-7
2,4-D; 2,4-Dichloro henox acetic acid
Acetic acid, 2,4-dichloro henox -
70
--
2
59
II
120-83-2
2,4-Dichlorophenol
Phenol, 2,4-dichloro-
NE
NE
10
80
II
105-67-9
2,4-Dimethylphenol; m-X lenol
Phenol, 2,4-dimeth I-
140
--
10
95
II
51-28-5
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Phenol, 2,4-dinitro-
NE
NE
50
99
II
121-14-2
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Benzene, 1-meth I-2,4-dinitro-
NE
NE
10
100
II
87-65-0
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Phenol, 2,6-dichloro-
NE
NE
10
81
II
606-20-2
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Benzene, 2-meth I-1,3-dinitro-
NE
NE
10
101
II
53-96-3
2-Acetylaminofluorene; 2-AAF
Acetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-yl-
NE
NE
20
6
II
91-58-7
2-Chlorona hthalene
Naphthalene, 2-chloro-
NE
NE
10
47,11
95-57-8
2-Chlorophenol
Phenol, 2-chloro-
0.36
--
10
48
II
591-78-6
2-Hexanone; Methyl butyl ketone
2-Hexanone
NE
280
50
124
1
91-57-6
2-Methyl naphthalene
Naphthalene, 2-methyl-
14
--
10
145
II
91-59-8
2-Na hth lamine
2-Na hthalenamine
NE
NE
10
151
II
91-94-1
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine,3,3'-dichloro-
NE
NE
1 20
7211
119-93-7
3,3'-Dimeth Ibenzidine
[1,1'-Bi hen I-4,4'-diamine,3,3'-dimeth I-
NE
NE
10
94
II
56-49-5
3-Meth Icholanthrene
Benz']aceanth lene,1,2-dih dro-3-meth I-
NE
NE
101
138
II
72-54-8
4,4'-DDD
Benzene 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis[4-
chloro-
0.14
--
0.1
60
II
72-55-9
4,4'-DDE
Benzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis[4-
chloro-
NE
NE
0.1
61
II
50-29-3
4,4'-DDT
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-
trichloroeth lidene)bis 4-chloro-
0.1
--
0.1
62
II
534-52-1
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol; 4,6-Dinitro-2-
meth I henol
Phenol, 2-meth I-4,6-dinitro-
NE
NE
50
98
II
92-67-1
4-Aminobiphenyl
[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-amine
NE
NE
20
11
II
101-55-3
4-Bromo hen I phenyl ether
Benzene, 1-bromo-4- henox -
NE
NE
10
31.11
7005-72-3
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Benzene, 1-chloro-4-phenoxy-
NE
NE
10
49
II
108-10-1
4-Methyl-2-pentanone; Methyl isobutyl
ketone
2-Pentanone, 4-methyl-
NE
5601
100
147
1
99-55-8
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro-
NE
NE
10
157
II
57-97-6
7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
Benz[a]anthracene, 7,12-dimethyl-
NE
NE
10
93
II
83-32-9
Acena hthene
Acena hth lene, 1,2-dih dro-
80
--
10
1
II
208-96-8
Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthylene
210
--
10
2,11
67-64-1
Acetone
2-Pro anone
700
--
100
3
1
75-05-8
Acetonitrile; Methyl cyanide
lAcetonitrile
NE
42
55
4
1
98-86-2
Aceto henone
lEthanone, 1-ph nI-
NE
700
10
5
II
107-02-8
Acrolein
2-Propenal
NE
3.51
53
711
107-13-1
jAcrylonitrile
2-Pro enenitrile
NE
INE
1 200
8
II
Page 1 of 5

All units are in (ug/L) unless noted.
NE = Not Established
CAS numbers that begin with "SW" are not real CAS numbers, instead this represents the Solid Waste Section's ID number
* GWP = Groundwater Protection
** SWSL = Solid Waste Section Limit
CAS Number
Name
Other Names
2L Std.
GWP* Std.
SWSL**
SW ID
App 1
309-00-2
Aldrin
1,4:5,8-
Dimethanonaphthalene,1,2,3,4,10,10 -
hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-
(1,4,4a,5,8,8a)-
NE
NE
0.05
911
107-05-1
All I chloride
1-Propene, 3-chloro-
NE
NE
10
10
11
319-84-6
al ha-BHC
Cyclohexane,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-
1a,2a,3 ,4a,5',6° -
NE
0.006
0.05
2411
120-12-7
Anthracene
Anthracene
2100
--
10
12111
7440-36-0
Antimony
Antimony
NE
1.4
6
131
7440-38-2
Arsenic
Arsenic
50
--
10
14
1
7440-39-3
Barium
Barium
2000
--
100
15
1
71-43-2
Benzene
Benzene
1
--
1
16
1
56-55-3
Benzo a anthracene; Benzanthracene
Benz a anthracene
0.0479
--
10
17
11
50-32-8
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[a]pyrene
0.00479
--
10
21
11
205-99-2
Benzo b fluoranthene
Benz[e]acephenanthrylene
0.0479
--
10
18,11
191-24-2
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
210
--
10
20
11
207-08-9
Benzo k fluoranthene
Benzo k fluoranthene
0.479
--
10
19
11
100-51-6
Benzyl alcohol
Benzenemethanol
NE
3500
20
22
11
7440-41-7
Beryllium
Beryllium
NE
4
1
231
319-85-7
beta-BHC
Cyclohexane,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-
1a,2' ,3a,4' ,5a,6' -
NE
0.019
0.05
25
11
SW316
Biological Oxygen Demand
BOD
NE
NE
NE
316
108-60-1
Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether; 2,2'-
Dichlorodiisopropyl ether; DCIP, See
footnote 4
Propane, 2,2'-oxybis[1-chloro-
NE
NE
10
46
11
111-91-1
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Ethane, 1,1'-[methylenebis(oxy)]bis [2-
chloro-
NE
NE
10
4211
111-44-4
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether; Dichloroethyl ether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
NE
0.031
10
43,11
117-81-7
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-
ethylhexyl)ester
NE
NE
15
111
11
74-97-5
Bromochloromethane; Chlorobromethane
Methane, bromochloro-
NE
0.6
3
28
1
75-27-4
Bromodich Ioromethane;
Dichlorobromomethane
Methane, bromodichloro-
0.56
--
1
29
1
75-25-2
Bromoform; Tribromomethane
Methane, tribromo-
4.43
--
3
30
1
85-68-7
Butyl benzyl phthalate; Benzyl butyl
phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, butyl
phenylmethyl ester
100
--
10
32111
7440-43-9
Cadmium
Cadmium
1.75
--
1
34
1
75-15-0
Carbon disulfide
Carbon disulfide
700
--
100
35
1
56-23-5
Carbon tetrachloride
Methane, tetrachloro-
0.269
--
1
36
1
SW317
Chemical Oxygen Demand
COD
NE
NE
NE
317
57-74-9
Chlordane
4,7-Methano-1 H-indene,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-
octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-
0.1
--
0.5
339
11
108-90-7
Chlorobenzene
Benzene, chloro-
50
--
3
39
1
510-15-6
Chlorobenzilate
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-(4-
chloro hen I)--h drox -, ethyl ester
NE
NE
10
40
11
75-00-3
Chloroethane; Ethyl chloride
Ethane, chloro-
2800
--
10
41
1
67-66-3
Chloroform; Trichloromethane
Methane, trichloro-
70
--
5
44
1
126-99-8
Chloroprene
1,3-Butadiene, 2-chloro-
NE
NE
20
50
11
7440-47-3
Chromium
Chromium
50--
10
5111
218-01-9
Chrysene
Chrysene
4.79
--
10
52
11
156-59-2
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene; cis-1,2-
Dichloroethene
Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-,(Z)-
70
--
5
78
1
10061-01-5
cis- 1,3-Dichloro ro ene
1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-, Z -
0.19
--
1
86
1
7440-48-4
Cobalt
Cobalt
NE
70
10
531
7440-50-8
Copper
Copper
1000
--
10
54
1
57-12-5
Cyanide
Cyanide
70
1--
10
58
11
319-86-8
delta-BHC
Cyclohexane,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-
(la,2a,3a,4' ,5a,6' )-
NE
0.019
0.05
26
11
2303-16-4
Diallate
Carbamothioic acid,bis(1-methylethyl)-, S-
(2,3-dichloro-2-propenyl) ester
NE
NE
10
63
11
53-70-3
Dibenz a,h anthracene
Dibenz a,h anthracene
0.0047
--
10
64
11
132-64-9
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzofuran
NE
28
10
6511
Page 2 of 5

All units are in (ug/L) unless noted.
NE = Not Established
CAS numbers that begin with "SW" are not real CAS numbers, instead this represents the Solid Waste Section's ID number
* GWP = Groundwater Protection
** SWSL = Solid Waste Section Limit
CAS Number
Name
Other Names
2L Std.
GWP* Std.
SWSL**
SW ID
App I
Dibromochloromethane;
124-48-1
Chlorodibromomethane
Methane, dibromochloro-
NE
0.41
3
66
1
75-71-8
Dichlorodifluoromethane; CFC 12
Methane,dichlorodifluoro-
1400
--
5
74
11
2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3-
b]oxirene,3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro -
1 a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-,
60-57-1
Dieldrin
1aa,2° ,2aa,3° ,6° ,6aa,7° ,7aa -
0.0022
--
0.075
88,11
84-66-2
Diethyl phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarbox licacid, diethyl ester
5000
--
10
90111
Phosphorodithioic acid,O,O-dimethyl S-[2-
60-51-5
Dimethoate
-oxoethyll ester
NE
NE
20
91111
131-11-3
Dimeth I phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarbox licacid, dimeth I ester
NE
NE
10
96
II
84-74-2
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarbox lic acid, dibut I ester
700
--
10
33
II
117-84-0
Di-n-oct I phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarbox licacid, dioct I ester
140
--
10
168
II
Dinoseb; DNBP; 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-
88-85-7
dinitro henol
Phenol, 2-(1 -methI ro I -4,6-dinitro-
NE
7
1
102
II
122-39-4
Diphenylamine
Benzenamine, N-phenyl-
NE
NE
10
103
II
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl S-[2-
298-04-4
Disulfoton
(ethylthio)ethyl]ester
0.28
--
10
104
II
6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodiox-
athiepin,6,7,8,9,10,10 -hexachloro-
959-98-8
Endosulfan I
1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide,
NE
NE
0.1
105
II
6,9-Methano-2,4,3-
benzodioxathiepin,6,7,8,9,10,10 -hexachloro
1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-
33213-65-9
Endosulfan II
oxide, 3a,5aa,6° ,9° ,9aa -
42
--
1 0.1
106,11
6,9-Methano-2,4,3-
benzodioxathiepin,6,7,8,9,10,10 -hexachloro
1031-07-8
Endosulfan sulfate
1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3,3-dioxide
NE
NE
0.1
107
II
2,7:3,6-Di methanonaphth[2, 3-b]oxi rene,
3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1 a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-
72-20-8
Endrin
octah dro-, 1aa,2° ,2a° ,3a,6a,6a° ,7° ,7aa -
2
--
0.1
108
II
1,2,4-Methenocyclo-penta[cd]pentalene-5-
carboxaldehyde,2,2a,3,3,4,7 -
hexach lorodecahyd ro-
7421-93-4
Endrin aldehyde
(1a,2` ,2a` ,4` ,4a` ,5` ,6a` ,6b` ,7R*)-
2.1
--
0.1
109
II
97-63-2
Ethyl methac late
2-Pro enoic acid, 2-meth I-, ethyl ester
NE
NE
10
112
II
62-50-0
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Methanesulfonic acid,ethyl ester
NE
NE
20
113
II
100-41-4
Eth (benzene
Benzene, ethyl-
550
--
1
110
1
Phosphorothioic acid, 0-[4-
[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl]-O, 0-
52-85-7
Fam hur
dimeth I ester
NE
NE
20
114
II
206-44-0
Fluoranthene
Fluoranthene
280
--
10
115
11
86-73-7
Fluorene
9H-Fluorene
280
--
10
116,11
Cyclohexane,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-
58-89-9gamma-BHC;
Lindane
la,2a,3',4a,5a,6° -
0.2
--
0.05
27
11
4,7-Methano-1 H-indene,1,4,5,6,7,8,8-
76-44-8
Heptachlor
he tachloro- 3a,4,7,7a-tetrah dro-
0.0078
--
0.05
117
11
2,5-Methano-2H-indeno[1,2-
b]oxirene,2,3,4,5,6,7,7-heptachloro-
1a,1b,5,5a,6,6a, -hexahydro-
1024-57-3
Heptachlor epoxide
(1 aa,1 b` ,2a,5a,5a° ,6` ,6aa)
0.0038
--
0.075
118111
118-74-1
Hexachlorobenzene
Benzene, hexachloro-
0.02
--
10
119
11
87-68-3
Hexachlorobutadiene
1,3-Butadiene,1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-
NE
0.44
10
12011
77-47-4
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
1,3-Cyclopentadiene,1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-
NE
50
10
121
II
67-72-1
Hexachloroethane
Ethane, hexachloro-
NE
2.5
10
122
11
1888-71-7
Hexachloropropene
1-Propene, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexachloro-
NE
NE
10
123
II
193-39-5
Indeno 1,2,3-cd rene
Indeno 1,2,3-cd rene
0.0479
--
10
125,11
Page 3 of 5

All units are in (ug/L) unless noted.
NE = Not Established
CAS numbers that begin with "SW" are not real CAS numbers, instead this represents the Solid Waste Section's ID number
* GWP = Groundwater Protection
** SWSL = Solid Waste Section Limit
CAS Number
Name
Other Names
2L Std.
GWP* Std.
SWSL**
SW ID
App 1
78-83-1
Isobutyl alcohol
1-Propanol, 2-methyl-
NE
NE
100
126
II
465-73-6
Isodrin
1,4,5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene,1,2,3,4,1
0,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a hexahydro-
(1 a,4a,4a` ,5` ,8` ,8a` )-
NE
NE
20
127
II
78-59-1
Iso horone
2-C clohexen-1-one,3,5,5-trimeth I-
36.8
--
10
128
II
120-58-1
Isosafrole
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(1-propenyl)-
NE
NE
10
129
II
143-50-0
Kepone
1,3,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobuta-[cd]pentalen-2-
one, 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-
decachlorooctahydro-
NE
NE
20
13011
7439-92-1
Lead
Lead
15
--
10
131
1
108-39-4
m-Cresol; 3-Methylphenol
Phenol, 3-methyl-
35
--
10
345
11
541-73-1
m-Dichlorobenzene; 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
Benzene, 1,3-dichloro-
170
--
5
70,11
99-65-0
m-Dinitrobenzene
Benzene, 1,3-dinitro-
NE
NE
20
97
11
7439-97-6
Mercury
Mercury
1.05
--
0.2
132
11
126-98-7
Methacrylonitrile
2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-
NE
NE
100
133
II
91-80-5
Methapyrilene
1,2,Ethanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N'-2-
pyridinyl-N'-( 2-thienylmethyl)-
NE
NE
100
134
II
72-43-5
Methoxychlor
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2,trichloroethylidene)bis
[4-methoxy-
35
--
1
135,11
74-83-9
Methyl bromide; Bromomethane
Methane, bromo-
NE
NE
10
136
1
74-87-3
Methyl chloride; Chloromethane
Methane, chloro-
2.6
--
1
137
1
78-93-3
Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK; 2-Butanone
2-Butanone
4200
--
100
141
1
74-88-4
Methyl iodide; Iodomethane
Methane, iodo-
NE
NE
10
142
1
80-62-6
Methyl methac late
2-Pro enoic acid, 2-meth I-, methyl ester
NE
NE
30
143
11
66-27-3
Methyl methanesulfonate
Methanesulfonic acid,methyl ester
NE
NE
10
144
11
298-00-0
Methylparathion; Parathion methyl
Phosphorothioic acid,O,O-dimeth 1
NE
NE
10
146
II
74-95-3
Methylene bromide; Dibromomethane
Methane, dibromo-
NE
NE
10
139
1
75-09-2
Methylene chloride; Dichloromethane
Methane, dichloro-
4.6
--
1
140
1
99-09-2
m-Nitroaniline; 3-Nitroaniline
Benzenamine, 3-nitro-
NE
NE
50
153
II
91-20-3
Naphthalene
Naphthalene
21
--
10
148
11
7440-02-0
Nickel
Nickel
100
--
50
152,1
SW303
Nitrate as N
10000
--
10000
303
98-95-3
Nitrobenzene
Benzene, nitro-
NE
NE
10
156
II
55-18-5
N-Nitrosodieth famine
Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-nitroso-
NE
NE
20
160
11
62-75-9
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
0.0007
--
10
161
II
924-16-3
N-Nitrosodi-n-bu famine
1-Butanamine, N-but I-N-nitroso-
NE
NE
10
162
11
86-30-6
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Benzenamine, N-nitroso-N-phenyl-
NE
NE
10
163
II
621-64-7
N-Nitrosodipropylamine; N-Nitroso-N-
dipropylamine; Di-n-propylnitrosamine
1-Propanamine, N-nitroso-N-propyl-
NE
NE
10
164
II
10595-95-6
N-Nitrosometh lethalamine
Ethanamine, N-meth I-N-nitroso-
NE
NE
10
165
11
100-75-4
N-Nitrosopiperidine
Piperidine, 1-nitroso-
NE
NE
20
166
11
930-55-2
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
P rrolidine, 1-nitroso-
NE
NE
10
167
11
126-68-1
0,0,0-Triethyl phosphorothioate
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O,O-triethyl ester
NE
NE
10
207
II
297-97-2
O,O-Diethyl 0-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate;
Thionazin
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl 0-
pyrazinyl ester
NE
NE
20
89
II
95-48-7
o-Cresol; 2-Meth I henol
Phenol, 2-methyl-
NE
35
10
56,11
95-50-1
o-Dichlorobenzene; 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
Benzene, 1,2-dichloro-
24
--
5
69
1
88-74-4
o-Nitroaniline; 2-Nitroaniline
Benzenamine, 2-nitro-
NE
NE
50
154
11
88-75-5
o-Nitrophenol; 2-Nitrophenol
Phenol, 2-nitro-
NE
NE
10
158
II
95-53-4
o-Toluidine
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-
NE
NE
10
197
11
60-11-7
Dimeth lamino azobenzene
Benzenamine, N,N-dimeth I-4-(phen lazo)-
NE
NE
10
92
11
56-38-2
Parathion
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl-O-(4-
nitro hen I ester
NE
NE
101
169
11
106-47-8
p-Chloroaniline
Benzenamine, 4-chloro-
NE
NE
20
38
II
59-50-7
p-Chloro-m-cresol; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl-
NE
NE
20
45
II
106-44-5
-Cresol; 4-Meth I henol
Phenol, 4-methyl-
3.5
NE--
10
344
11
106-46-7
p-Dichlorobenzene; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Benzene, 1,4-dichloro-
1.4
--
1
71
1
608-93-5
Pentachlorobenzene
Benzene, entachloro-
NE
NE
10
171,11
82-68-8
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Benzene, pentachloronitro-
NE
NE
20
17211
87-86-5
Pentachloro henol
Phenol, entachloro-
0.29
--
25
173
II
62-44-2
Phenacetin
Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)
NE
NE
20
174111
85-01-8
Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene
210
--
10
175111
Page 4 of 5

All units are in (ug/L) unless noted.
NE = Not Established
CAS numbers that begin with "SW" are not real CAS
* GWP = Groundwater Protection
** SWSL = Solid Waste Section Limit
CAS Number Name
108-95-2 Phenol
298-02-2 Phorate
SW412 Total Phosphorus
Pronamide
Selenium
Silver
Silvex; 2,4,5-TP
Styrene
Sulfate
Sulfide
1,2-Dichloroethylene;trans-1,2-
iroethene
1,3-Dichloropropene
1.4-Dichloro-2-butene
orofluoromethane; CFC-11
dium
acetate
chloride: Chloroethene
instead this represents the Solid Waste Section's ID number
Phenol
300
--
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl S-
[(ethylthio)methyl]ester
1.4
--
Total Phosphorus
NE
NE
Benzenamine, 4-nitro-
NE
NE
Phenol, 4-nitro-
NE
NE
1,1'-Biphenyl,chloro derivatives Method
1016/1242
NE
1,4-Benzenediamine
NE
NE
Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-
propynyl)-
NE
NE
Pro anenitrile
NE
NE
Pyrene
210
--
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5- 2- ro en I -
NE
NE
Selenium
50--
Silver
17.5
--
Propanoic acid, 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-
50
--
Benzene, ethen I-
100
--
250000
--
Sulfide
NE
NE
Benzene, 1,3,5-trinitro-
NE
NE
Ethene,tetrachloro-
0.7
--
Thallium
NE
Tin
NE
NE
Benzene, methyl-
1000
--
Toxaphene
0.031
--
Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-,(E)-
100
1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-, E -
0.19
--
2-Butene, 1,4-dichloro-, (E)-
NE
NE
Ethene, trichloro-
2.8
--
Methane,trichlorofluoro-
2100
--
Vanadium
NE
Acetic acid, ethenylester
NE
Ethene, chloro-
0.015
--
Benzene, dimethyl-
530
--
Zinc
1050
--
3.5
10 177 II
10 178 II
NE 412
10 176 II
10 179 II
50 180 II
10 181 II
10 182 II
10 18311
0
n�1M
1 87 1
00 731
1 201 1
1 203 I
25 2091
50 210 I
11 21111
51 3461
101 21311
Page 5 of 5

APPENDIX D
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form

DEN
R USE ONLY ❑Paper Report ❑Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded: Yes / No Doc/Event #:
NC DENR I IEnvironmental Monitoring
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Phone:
E-mail:
NC Landfill Rule: Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # (.0500 or .1600) October 20-24, 2006)
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring Detection Monitoring Assessment Monitoring Corrective Action
of data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells El
Leachate monitoring data El
water monitoring data
Methane gas monitoring data
Corrective action data (specify)
Other(specify)
Notification attached?
e No. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC 2B surface water standard or NC Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
El Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Facility Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Number
Signature
Facility Representative Address
Date
Affix NC Licensed/ Professional Geologist Seal
NC PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Revised 6/2009

APPENDIX E
Low -Flow Groundwater Purging and Sampling
Guidance

United States Office of Office of Solid Waste EPA/540/S-95/504
Environmental Protection Research and and Emergency April 1996
Agency Development Response
%=,EPA Ground Water Issue
LOW -FLOW (MINIMAL DRAWDOWN)
GROUND -WATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES
by Robert W. Puls' and Michael J. Barcelona'
Background
The Regional Superfund Ground Water Forum is a
group of ground -water scientists, representing EPA's
Regional Superfund Offices, organized to exchange
information related to ground -water remediation at Superfund
sites. One of the major concerns of the Forum is the
sampling of ground water to support site assessment and
remedial performance monitoring objectives. This paper is
intended to provide background information on the
development of low -flow sampling procedures and its
application under a variety of hydrogeologic settings. It is
hoped that the paper will support the production of standard
operating procedures for use by EPA Regional personnel and
other environmental professionals engaged in ground -water
sampling.
For further information contact: Robert Puls, 405-436-8543,
Subsurface Remediation and Protection Division, NRMRL,
Ada, Oklahoma.
I. Introduction
The methods and objectives of ground -water
sampling to assess water quality have evolved over time.
Initially the emphasis was on the assessment of water quality
of aquifers as sources of drinking water. Large water -bearing
units were identified and sampled in keeping with that
objective. These were highly productive aquifers that
supplied drinking water via private wells or through public
water supply systems. Gradually, with the increasing aware-
ness of subsurface pollution of these water resources, the
understanding of complex hydrogeochemical processes
which govern the fate and transport of contaminants in the
subsurface increased. This increase in understanding was
also due to advances in a number of scientific disciplines and
improvements in tools used for site characterization and
ground -water sampling. Ground -water quality investigations
where pollution was detected initially borrowed ideas,
methods, and materials for site characterization from the
water supply field and water analysis from public health
practices. This included the materials and manner in which
monitoring wells were installed and the way in which water
was brought to the surface, treated, preserved and analyzed.
The prevailing conceptual ideas included convenient generali-
zations of ground -water resources in terms of large and
relatively homogeneous hydrologic units. With time it became
apparent that conventional water supply generalizations of
homogeneity did not adequately represent field data regard-
ing pollution of these subsurface resources. The important
role of heterogeneity became increasingly clear not only in
geologic terms, but also in terms of complex physical,
'National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA
'University of Michigan
—I- ATlON
y Superfund Technology Support Center for
s
r, Ground Water
echnology
upport National Risk Management Research Laboratory
• roject Subsurface Protection and Remediation Division
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center
t-a;) 5`yAda, Oklahoma
Technology Innovation Office
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, US EPA, Washington, DC
Walter W. Kovalick, Jr., Ph.D.
Director

chemical and biological subsurface processes. With greater
appreciation of the role of heterogeneity, it became evident
that subsurface pollution was ubiquitous and encompassed
the unsaturated zone to the deep subsurface and included
unconsolidated sediments, fractured rock, and aquitards or
low -yielding or impermeable formations. Small-scale pro-
cesses and heterogeneities were shown to be important in
identifying contaminant distributions and in controlling water
and contaminant flow paths.
It is beyond the scope of this paper to summarize all
the advances in the field of ground -water quality investiga-
tions and remediation, but two particular issues have bearing
on ground -water sampling today: aquifer heterogeneity and
colloidal transport. Aquifer heterogeneities affect contaminant
flow paths and include variations in geology, geochemistry,
hydrology and microbiology. As methods and the tools
available for subsurface investigations have become increas-
ingly sophisticated and understanding of the subsurface
environment has advanced, there is an awareness that in
most cases a primary concern for site investigations is
characterization of contaminant flow paths rather than entire
aquifers. In fact, in many cases, plume thickness can be less
than well screen lengths (e.g., 3-6 m) typically installed at
hazardous waste sites to detect and monitor plume movement
over time. Small-scale differences have increasingly been
shown to be important and there is a general trend toward
smaller diameter wells and shorter screens.
The hydrogeochemical significance of colloidal -size
particles in subsurface systems has been realized during the
past several years (Gschwend and Reynolds, 1987; McCarthy
and Zachara, 1989; Puls, 1990; Ryan and Gschwend, 1990).
This realization resulted from both field and laboratory studies
that showed faster contaminant migration over greater
distances and at higher concentrations than flow and trans-
port model predictions would suggest (Buddemeier and Hunt,
1988; Enfield and Bengtsson, 1988; Penrose et al., 1990).
Such models typically account for interaction between the
mobile aqueous and immobile solid phases, but do not allow
for a mobile, reactive solid phase. It is recognition of this third
phase as a possible means of contaminant transport that has
brought increasing attention to the manner in which samples
are collected and processed for analysis (Puts et al., 1990;
McCarthy and Degueldre, 1993; Backhus et al., 1993; U. S.
EPA, 1995). If such a phase is present in sufficient mass,
possesses high sorption reactivity, large surface area, and
remains stable in suspension, it can serve as an important
mechanism to facilitate contaminant transport in many types
of subsurface systems.
Colloids are particles that are sufficiently small so
that the surface free energy of the particle dominates the bulk
free energy. Typically, in ground water, this includes particles
with diameters between 1 and 1000 nm. The most commonly
observed mobile particles include: secondary clay minerals;
hydrous iron, aluminum, and manganese oxides; dissolved
and particulate organic materials, and viruses and bacteria.
These reactive particles have been shown to be mobile under
a variety of conditions in both field studies and laboratory
column experiments, and as such need to be included in
monitoring programs where identification of the total mobile
contaminant loading (dissolved + naturally suspended
particles) at a site is an objective. To that end, sampling
methodologies must be used which do not artificially bias
naturally suspended particle concentrations.
Currently the most common ground -water purging
and sampling methodology is to purge a well using bailers or
high speed pumps to remove 3 to 5 casing volumes followed
by sample collection. This method can cause adverse impacts
on sample quality through collection of samples with high
levels of turbidity. This results in the inclusion of otherwise
immobile artifactual particles which produce an overestima-
tion of certain analytes of interest (e.g., metals or hydrophobic
organic compounds). Numerous documented problems
associated with filtration (Danielsson, 1982; Laxen and
Chandler, 1982; Horowitz et al., 1992) make this an undesir-
able method of rectifying the turbidity problem, and include
the removal of potentially mobile (contaminant -associated)
particles during filtration, thus artificially biasing contaminant
concentrations low. Sampling -induced turbidity problems can
often be mitigated by using low -flow purging and sampling
techniques.
Current subsurface conceptual models have under-
gone considerable refinement due to the recent development
and increased use of field screening tools. So-called
hydraulic push technologies (e.g., cone penetrometer,
Geoprobe®, QED HydroPunch®) enable relatively fast
screening site characterization which can then be used to
design and install a monitoring well network. Indeed,
alternatives to conventional monitoring wells are now being
considered for some hydrogeologic settings. The ultimate
design of any monitoring system should however be based
upon adequate site characterization and be consistent with
established monitoring objectives.
If the sampling program objectives include accurate
assessment of the magnitude and extent of subsurface
contamination over time and/or accurate assessment of
subsequent remedial performance, then some information
regarding plume delineation in three-dimensional space is
necessary prior to monitoring well network design and
installation. This can be accomplished with a variety of
different tools and equipment ranging from hand -operated
augers to screening tools mentioned above and large drilling
rigs. Detailed information on ground -water flow velocity,
direction, and horizontal and vertical variability are essential
baseline data requirements. Detailed soil and geologic data
are required prior to and during the installation of sampling
points. This includes historical as well as detailed soil and
geologic logs which accumulate during the site investigation.
The use of borehole geophysical techniques is also recom-
mended. With this information (together with other site
characterization data) and a clear understanding of sampling

objectives, then appropriate location, screen length, well
diameter, slot size, etc. for the monitoring well network can be
decided. This is especially critical for new in situ remedial
approaches or natural attenuation assessments at hazardous
waste sites.
In general, the overall goal of any ground -water
sampling program is to collect water samples with no alter-
ation in water chemistry; analytical data thus obtained may be
used for a variety of specific monitoring programs depending
on the regulatory requirements. The sampling methodology
described in this paper assumes that the monitoring goal is to
sample monitoring wells for the presence of contaminants and
it is applicable whether mobile colloids are a concern or not
and whether the analytes of concern are metals (and metal-
loids) or organic compounds.
II. Monitoring Objectives and Design
Considerations
The following issues are important to consider prior
to the design and implementation of any ground -water
monitoring program, including those which anticipate using
low -flow purging and sampling procedures.
A. Data Quality Objectives (DQOs)
Monitoring objectives include four main types:
detection, assessment, corrective -action evaluation and
resource evaluation, along with hybrid variations such as site -
assessments for property transfers and water availability
investigations. Monitoring objectives may change as contami-
nation or water quality problems are discovered. However,
there are a number of common components of monitoring
programs which should be recognized as important regard-
less of initial objectives. These components include:
1) Development of a conceptual model that incorporates
elements of the regional geology to the local geologic
framework. The conceptual model development also
includes initial site characterization efforts to identify
hydrostratigraphic units and likely flow -paths using a
minimum number of borings and well completions;
2) Cost-effective and well documented collection of high
quality data utilizing simple, accurate, and reproduc-
ible techniques; and
3) Refinement of the conceptual model based on
supplementary data collection and analysis.
These fundamental components serve many types of monitor-
ing programs and provide a basis for future efforts that evolve
in complexity and level of spatial detail as purposes and
objectives expand. High quality, reproducible data collection
is a common goal regardless of program objectives.
High quality data collection implies data of sufficient
accuracy, precision, and completeness (i.e., ratio of valid
analytical results to the minimum sample number called for by
the program design) to meet the program objectives. Accu-
racy depends on the correct choice of monitoring tools and
procedures to minimize sample and subsurface disturbance
from collection to analysis. Precision depends on the
repeatability of sampling and analytical protocols. It can be
assured or improved by replication of sample analyses
including blanks, field/lab standards and reference standards.
B. Sample Representativeness
An important goal of any monitoring program is
collection of data that is truly representative of conditions at
the site. The term representativeness applies to chemical and
hydrogeologic data collected via wells, borings, piezometers,
geophysical and soil gas measurements, lysimeters, and
temporary sampling points. It involves a recognition of the
statistical variability of individual subsurface physical proper-
ties, and contaminant or major ion concentration levels, while
explaining extreme values. Subsurface temporal and spatial
variability are facts. Good professional practice seeks to
maximize representativeness by using proven accurate and
reproducible techniques to define limits on the distribution of
measurements collected at a site. However, measures of
representativeness are dynamic and are controlled by
evolving site characterization and monitoring objectives. An
evolutionary site characterization model, as shown in Fig-
ure 1, provides a systematic approach to the goal of consis-
tent data collection.
r — --1 Dal my Pmgrarn Ohlarl ivx
Erlshliph Dala ❑uallry
1� --1W aVFI'D 5A' plirl!l Urld
Evolullonory $Ile Aimlyllca l PI VIouol%
Crluras lei iral Karl 1
Apply P rratoca Is
1 4
. RoilnoPratocola 4.. . _y MalooSilo Decmions
Figure 1. Evolutionary Site Characterization Model
The model emphasizes a recognition of the causes of the
variability (e.g., use of inappropriate technology such as using
bailers to purge wells; imprecise or operator -dependent
methods) and the need to control avoidable errors.

1) Questions of Scale
A sampling plan designed to collect representative
samples must take into account the potential scale of
changes in site conditions through space and time as well as
the chemical associations and behavior of the parameters
that are targeted for investigation. In subsurface systems,
physical (i.e., aquifer) and chemical properties over time or
space are not statistically independent. In fact, samples
taken in close proximity (i.e., within distances of a few meters)
or within short time periods (i.e., more frequently than
monthly) are highly auto -correlated. This means that designs
employing high -sampling frequency (e.g., monthly) or dense
spatial monitoring designs run the risk of redundant data
collection and misleading inferences regarding trends in
values that aren't statistically valid. In practice, contaminant
detection and assessment monitoring programs rarely suffer
these over -sampling concerns. In corrective -action evaluation
programs, it is also possible that too little data may be
collected over space or time. In these cases, false interpreta-
tion of the spatial extent of contamination or underestimation
of temporal concentration variability may result.
2) Target Parameters
Parameter selection in monitoring program design is
most often dictated by the regulatory status of the site.
However, background water quality constituents, purging
indicator parameters, and contaminants, all represent targets
for data collection programs. The tools and procedures used
in these programs should be equally rigorous and applicable
to all categories of data, since all may be needed to deter-
mine or support regulatory action.
C. Sampling Point Design and Construction
Detailed site characterization is central to all
decision -making purposes and the basis for this characteriza-
tion resides in identification of the geologic framework and
major hydro-stratigraphic units. Fundamental data for sample
point location include: subsurface lithology, head -differences
and background geochemical conditions. Each sampling point
has a proper use or uses which should be documented at a
level which is appropriate for the program's data quality
objectives. Individual sampling points may not always be
able to fulfill multiple monitoring objectives (e.g., detection,
assessment, corrective action).
1) Compatibility with Monitoring Program and Data
Quality Objectives
Specifics of sampling point location and design will
be dictated by the complexity of subsurface lithology and
variability in contaminant and/or geochemical conditions. It
should be noted that, regardless of the ground -water sam-
pling approach, few sampling points (e.g., wells, drive -points,
screened augers) have zones of influence in excess of a few
feet. Therefore, the spatial frequency of sampling points
should be carefully selected and designed.
2) Flexibility of Sampling Point Design
In most cases well -point diameters in excess of 1 7/8
inches will permit the use of most types of submersible
pumping devices for low -flow (minimal drawdown) sampling.
It is suggested that short (e.g., less than 1.6 m) screens be
incorporated into the monitoring design where possible so
that comparable results from one device to another might be
expected. Short, of course, is relative to the degree of vertical
water quality variability expected at a site.
3) Equilibration of Sampling Point
Time should be allowed for equilibration of the well
or sampling point with the formation after installation. Place-
ment of well or sampling points in the subsurface produces
some disturbance of ambient conditions. Drilling techniques
(e.g., auger, rotary, etc.) are generally considered to cause
more disturbance than direct -push technologies. In either
case, there may be a period (i.e., days to months) during
which water quality near the point may be distinctly different
from that in the formation. Proper development of the sam-
pling point and adjacent formation to remove fines created
during emplacement will shorten this water quality recovery
period.
III. Definition of Low -Flow Purging and Sampling
It is generally accepted that water in the well casing
is non -representative of the formation water and needs to be
purged prior to collection of ground -water samples. However,
the water in the screened interval may indeed be representa-
tive of the formation, depending upon well construction and
site hydrogeology. Wells are purged to some extent for the
following reasons: the presence of the air interface at the top
of the water column resulting in an oxygen concentration
gradient with depth, loss of volatiles up the water column,
leaching from or sorption to the casing or filter pack, chemical
changes due to clay seals or backfill, and surface infiltration.
Low -flow purging, whether using portable or dedi-
cated systems, should be done using pump -intake located in
the middle or slightly above the middle of the screened
interval. Placement of the pump too close to the bottom of the
well will cause increased entrainment of solids which have
collected in the well over time. These particles are present as
a result of well development, prior purging and sampling
events, and natural colloidal transport and deposition.
Therefore, placement of the pump in the middle or toward the
top of the screened interval is suggested. Placement of the
pump at the top of the water column for sampling is only
recommended in unconfined aquifers, screened across the
water table, where this is the desired sampling point. Low-

flow purging has the advantage of minimizing mixing between
the overlying stagnant casing water and water within the
screened interval.
A. Low -Flow Purging and Sampling
Low -flow refers to the velocity with which water
enters the pump intake and that is imparted to the formation
pore water in the immediate vicinity of the well screen. It
does not necessarily refer to the flow rate of water discharged
at the surface which can be affected by flow regulators or
restrictions. Water level drawdown provides the best indica-
tion of the stress imparted by a given flow -rate for a given
hydrological situation. The objective is to pump in a manner
that minimizes stress (drawdown) to the system to the extent
practical taking into account established site sampling
objectives. Typically, flow rates on the order of 0.1 - 0.5 L/min
are used, however this is dependent on site -specific
hydrogeology. Some extremely coarse -textured formations
have been successfully sampled in this manner at flow rates
to 1 L/min. The effectiveness of using low -flow purging is
intimately linked with proper screen location, screen length,
and well construction and development techniques. The
reestablishment of natural flow paths in both the vertical and
horizontal directions is important for correct interpretation of
the data. For high resolution sampling needs, screens less
than 1 m should be used. Most of the need for purging has
been found to be due to passing the sampling device through
the overlying casing water which causes mixing of these
stagnant waters and the dynamic waters within the screened
interval. Additionally, there is disturbance to suspended
sediment collected in the bottom of the casing and the
displacement of water out into the formation immediately
adjacent to the well screen. These disturbances and impacts
can be avoided using dedicated sampling equipment, which
precludes the need to insert the sampling device prior to
purging and sampling.
Isolation of the screened interval water from the
overlying stagnant casing water may be accomplished using
low -flow minimal drawdown techniques. If the pump intake is
located within the screened interval, most of the water
pumped will be drawn in directly from the formation with little
mixing of casing water or disturbance to the sampling zone.
However, if the wells are not constructed and developed
properly, zones other than those intended may be sampled.
At some sites where geologic heterogeneities are sufficiently
different within the screened interval, higher conductivity
zones may be preferentially sampled. This is another reason
to use shorter screened intervals, especially where high
spatial resolution is a sampling objective.
B. Water Quality Indicator Parameters
It is recommended that water quality indicator
parameters be used to determine purging needs prior to
sample collection in each well. Stabilization of parameters
such as pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, oxida-
tion-reduction potential, temperature and turbidity should be
used to determine when formation water is accessed during
purging. In general, the order of stabilization is pH, tempera-
ture, and specific conductance, followed by oxidation-
reduction potential, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. Tempera-
ture and pH, while commonly used as purging indicators, are
actually quite insensitive in distinguishing between formation
water and stagnant casing water; nevertheless, these are
important parameters for data interpretation purposes and
should also be measured. Performance criteria for determi-
nation of stabilization should be based on water -level draw -
down, pumping rate and equipment specifications for measur-
ing indicator parameters. Instruments are available which
utilize in -line flow cells to continuously measure the above
parameters.
It is important to establish specific well stabilization
criteria and then consistently follow the same methods
thereafter, particularly with respect to drawdown, flow rate
and sampling device. Generally, the time or purge volume
required for parameter stabilization is independent of well
depth or well volumes. Dependent variables are well diam-
eter, sampling device, hydrogeochemistry, pump flow rate,
and whether the devices are used in a portable or dedicated
manner. If the sampling device is already in place (i.e.,
dedicated sampling systems), then the time and purge
volume needed for stabilization is much shorter. Other
advantages of dedicated equipment include less purge water
for waste disposal, much less decontamination of equipment,
less time spent in preparation of sampling as well as time in
the field, and more consistency in the sampling approach
which probably will translate into less variability in sampling
results. The use of dedicated equipment is strongly recom-
mended at wells which will undergo routine sampling over
time.
If parameter stabilization criteria are too stringent,
then minor oscillations in indicator parameters may cause
purging operations to become unnecessarily protracted. It
should also be noted that turbidity is a very conservative
parameter in terms of stabilization. Turbidity is always the
last parameter to stabilize. Excessive purge times are
invariably related to the establishment of too stringent turbidity
stabilization criteria. It should be noted that natural turbidity
levels in ground water may exceed 10 nephelometric turbidity
units (NTU).
C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Low -Flow
(Minimum Drawdown) Purging
In general, the advantages of low -flow purging
include:
• samples which are representative of the mobile load of
contaminants present (dissolved and colloid-assock
ated);
• minimal disturbance of the sampling point thereby
minimizing sampling artifacts;
• less operator variability, greater operator control;

• reduced stress on the formation (minimal drawdown);
• less mixing of stagnant casing water with formation
water;
• reduced need for filtration and, therefore, less time
required for sampling;
• smaller purging volume which decreases waste
disposal costs and sampling time;
• better sample consistency; reduced artificial sample
variability.
Some disadvantages of low -flow purging are:
• higher initial capital costs,
• greater set-up time in the field,
• need to transport additional equipment to and from the
site,
• increased training needs,
• resistance to change on the part of sampling practitio-
ners,
concern that new data will indicate a change in
conditions and trigger an action.
IV. Low -Flow (Minimal Drawdown) Sampling
Protocols
The following ground -water sampling procedure has
evolved over many years of experience in ground -water
sampling for organic and inorganic compound determinations
and as such summarizes the authors' (and others) experi-
ences to date (Barcelona et al., 1984, 1994; Barcelona and
Helfrich, 1986; Puls and Barcelona, 1989; Puls et. al. 1990,
1992; Puls and Powell, 1992; Puls and Paul, 1995). High -
quality chemical data collection is essential in ground -water
monitoring and site characterization. The primary limitations
to the collection of representative ground -water samples
include: mixing of the stagnant casing and fresh screen
waters during insertion of the sampling device or ground-
water level measurement device; disturbance and
resuspension of settled solids at the bottom of the well when
using high pumping rates or raising and lowering a pump or
bailer; introduction of atmospheric gases or degassing from
the water during sample handling and transfer, or inappropri-
ate use of vacuum sampling device, etc.
A. Sampling Recommendations
Water samples should not be taken immediately
following well development. Sufficient time should be allowed
for the ground -water flow regime in the vicinity of the monitor-
ing well to stabilize and to approach chemical equilibrium with
the well construction materials. This lag time will depend on
site conditions and methods of installation but often exceeds
one week.
Well purging is nearly always necessary to obtain
samples of water flowing through the geologic formations in
the screened interval. Rather than using a general but
arbitrary guideline of purging three casing volumes prior to
sampling, it is recommended that an in -line water quality
measurement device (e.g., flow -through cell) be used to
establish the stabilization time for several parameters (e.g. ,
pH, specific conductance, redox, dissolved oxygen, turbidity)
on a well -specific basis. Data on pumping rate, drawdown,
and volume required for parameter stabilization can be used
as a guide for conducting subsequent sampling activities.
The following are recommendations to be considered
before, during and after sampling:
• use low -flow rates (<0.5 L/min), during both purging
and sampling to maintain minimal drawdown in the
well;
• maximize tubing wall thickness, minimize tubing
length;
• place the sampling device intake at the desired
sampling point;
• minimize disturbances of the stagnant water column
above the screened interval during water level
measurement and sampling device insertion;
• make proper adjustments to stabilize the flow rate as
soon as possible;
• monitor water quality indicators during purging;
• collect unfiltered samples to estimate contaminant
loading and transport potential in the subsurface
system.
B. Equipment Calibration
Prior to sampling, all sampling device and monitoring
equipment should be calibrated according to manufacturer's
recommendations and the site Quality Assurance Project Plan
(QAPP) and Field Sampling Plan (FSP). Calibration of pH
should be performed with at least two buffers which bracket
the expected range. Dissolved oxygen calibration must be
corrected for local barometric pressure readings and eleva-
tion.
C. Water Level Measurement and Monitoring
It is recommended that a device be used which will
least disturb the water surface in the casing. Well depth
should be obtained from the well logs. Measuring to the
bottom of the well casing will only cause resuspension of
settled solids from the formation and require longer purging
times for turbidity equilibration. Measure well depth after
sampling is completed. The water level measurement should
be taken from a permanent reference point which is surveyed
relative to ground elevation.
D. Pump Type
The use of low -flow (e.g., 0.1-0.5 L/min) pumps is
suggested for purging and sampling all types of analytes. All
pumps have some limitation and these should be investigated
with respect to application at a particular site. Bailers are
inappropriate devices for low -flow sampling.

1) General Considerations
There are no unusual requirements for ground -water
sampling devices when using low -flow, minimal drawdown
techniques. The major concern is that the device give
consistent results and minimal disturbance of the sample
across a range of low flow rates (i.e., < 0.5 L/min). Clearly,
pumping rates that cause minimal to no drawdown in one well
could easily cause significant drawdown in another well
finished in a less transmissive formation. In this sense, the
pump should not cause undue pressure or temperature
changes or physical disturbance on the water sample over a
reasonable sampling range. Consistency in operation is
critical to meet accuracy and precision goals.
2) Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling Devices
A variety of sampling devices are available for low -
flow (minimal drawdown) purging and sampling and include
peristaltic pumps, bladder pumps, electrical submersible
pumps, and gas -driven pumps. Devices which lend them-
selves to both dedication and consistent operation at defin-
able low -flow rates are preferred. It is desirable that the pump
be easily adjustable and operate reliably at these lower flow
rates. The peristaltic pump is limited to shallow applications
and can cause degassing resulting in alteration of pH,
alkalinity, and some volatiles loss. Gas -driven pumps should
be of a type that does not allow the gas to be in direct contact
with the sampled fluid.
Clearly, bailers and other grab type samplers are ill -
suited for low -flow sampling since they will cause repeated
disturbance and mixing of stagnant water in the casing and
the dynamic water in the screened interval. Similarly, the use
of inertial lift foot -valve type samplers may cause too much
disturbance at the point of sampling. Use of these devices
also tends to introduce uncontrolled and unacceptable
operator variability.
Summaries of advantages and disadvantages of
various sampling devices are listed in Herzog et al. (1991),
U. S. EPA (1992), Parker (1994) and Thurnblad (1994).
E. Pump Installation
Dedicated sampling devices (left in the well) capable
of pumping and sampling are preferred over any other type of
device. Any portable sampling device should be slowly and
carefully lowered to the middle of the screened interval or
slightly above the middle (e.g., 1-1.5 m below the top of a 3 m
screen). This is to minimize excessive mixing of the stagnant
water in the casing above the screen with the screened
interval zone water, and to minimize resuspension of solids
which will have collected at the bottom of the well. These two
disturbance effects have been shown to directly affect the
time required for purging. There also appears to be a direct
correlation between size of portable sampling devices relative
to the well bore and resulting purge volumes and times. The
key is to minimize disturbance of water and solids in the well
casing.
F. Filtration
Decisions to filter samples should be dictated by
sampling objectives rather than as a fix for poor sampling
practices, and field -filtering of certain constituents should not
be the default. Consideration should be given as to what the
application of field -filtration is trying to accomplish. For
assessment of truly dissolved (as opposed to operationally
dissolved [i.e., samples filtered with 0.45 pm filters]) concen-
trations of major ions and trace metals, 0.1 pm filters are
recommended although 0.45 pm filters are normally used for
most regulatory programs. Alkalinity samples must also be
filtered if significant particulate calcium carbonate is sus-
pected, since this material is likely to impact alkalinity titration
results (although filtration itself may alter the CO2 composition
of the sample and, therefore, affect the results).
Although filtration may be appropriate, filtration of a
sample may cause a number of unintended changes to occur
(e.g. oxidation, aeration) possibly leading to filtration -induced
artifacts during sample analysis and uncertainty in the results.
Some of these unintended changes may be unavoidable but
the factors leading to them must be recognized. Deleterious
effects can be minimized by consistent application of certain
filtration guidelines. Guidelines should address selection of
filter type, media, pore size, etc. in order to identify and
minimize potential sources of uncertainty when filtering
samples.
In -line filtration is recommended because it provides
better consistency through less sample handling, and
minimizes sample exposure to the atmosphere. In -line filters
are available in both disposable (barrel filters) and non -
disposable (in -line filter holder, flat membrane filters) formats
and various filter pore sizes (0.1-5.0 pm). Disposable filter
cartridges have the advantage of greater sediment handling
capacity when compared to traditional membrane filters.
Filters must be pre -rinsed following manufacturer's recom-
mendations. If there are no recommendations for rinsing,
pass through a minimum of 1 L of ground water following
purging and prior to sampling. Once filtration has begun, a
filter cake may develop as particles larger than the pore size
accumulate on the filter membrane. The result is that the
effective pore diameter of the membrane is reduced and
particles smaller than the stated pore size are excluded from
the filtrate. Possible corrective measures include prefiltering
(with larger pore size filters), minimizing particle loads to
begin with, and reducing sample volume.
G. Monitoring of Water Level and Water Quality
Indicator Parameters
Check water level periodically to monitor drawdown
in the well as a guide to flow rate adjustment. The goal is
minimal drawdown (<0.1 m) during purging. This goal may be
difficult to achieve under some circumstances due to geologic
heterogeneities within the screened interval, and may require
adjustment based on site -specific conditions and personal
experience. In -line water quality indicator parameters should
be continuously monitored during purging. The water quality

indicator parameters monitored can include pH, redox
potential, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity.
The last three parameters are often most sensitive. Pumping
rate, drawdown, and the time or volume required to obtain
stabilization of parameter readings can be used as a future
guide to purge the well. Measurements should be taken
every three to five minutes if the above suggested rates are
used. Stabilization is achieved after all parameters have
stabilized for three successive readings. In lieu of measuring
all five parameters, a minimum subset would include pH,
conductivity, and turbidity or DO. Three successive readings
should be within ± 0.1 for pH, ± 3% for conductivity, ± 10 my
for redox potential, and ± 10% for turbidity and DO. Stabilized
purge indicator parameter trends are generally obvious and
follow either an exponential or asymptotic change to stable
values during purging. Dissolved oxygen and turbidity usually
require the longest time for stabilization. The above stabiliza-
tion guidelines are provided for rough estimates based on
experience.
H. Sampling, Sample Containers, Preservation and
Decontamination
Upon parameter stabilization, sampling can be
initiated. If an in -line device is used to monitor water quality
parameters, it should be disconnected or bypassed during
sample collection. Sampling flow rate may remain at estab-
lished purge rate or may be adjusted slightly to minimize
aeration, bubble formation, turbulent filling of sample bottles,
or loss of volatiles due to extended residence time in tubing.
Typically, flow rates less than 0.5 L/min are appropriate. The
same device should be used for sampling as was used for
purging. Sampling should occur in a progression from least to
most contaminated well, if this is known. Generally, volatile
(e.g., solvents and fuel constituents) and gas sensitive (e.g.,
Fe", CH4, H2S/HS-, alkalinity) parameters should be sampled
first. The sequence in which samples for most inorganic
parameters are collected is immaterial unless filtered (dis-
solved) samples are desired. Filtering should be done last
and in -line filters should be used as discussed above. During
both well purging and sampling, proper protective clothing
and equipment must be used based upon the type and level
of contaminants present.
The appropriate sample container will be prepared in
advance of actual sample collection for the analytes of
interest and include sample preservative where necessary.
Water samples should be collected directly into this container
from the pump tubing.
Immediately after a sample bottle has been filled, it
must be preserved as specified in the site (QAPP). Sample
preservation requirements are based on the analyses being
performed (use site QAPP, FSP, RCRA guidance document
[U. S. EPA, 1992] or EPA SW-846 [U. S. EPA, 1982] ). It
may be advisable to add preservatives to sample bottles in a
controlled setting prior to entering the field in order to reduce
the chances of improperly preserving sample bottles or
introducing field contaminants into a sample bottle while
adding the preservatives.
The preservatives should be transferred from the
chemical bottle to the sample container using a disposable
polyethylene pipet and the disposable pipet should be used
only once and then discarded.
After a sample container has been filled with ground
water, a Teflon TM (or tin) -lined cap is screwed on tightly to
prevent the container from leaking. A sample label is filled
out as specified in the FSP. The samples should be stored
inverted at 4°C.
Specific decontamination protocols for sampling
devices are dependent to some extent on the type of device
used and the type of contaminants encountered. Refer to the
site QAPP and FSP for specific requirements.
I. Blanks
The following blanks should be collected:
(1) field blank: one field blank should be collected from
each source water (distilled/deionized water) used for
sampling equipment decontamination or for assisting
well development procedures.
(2) equipment blank: one equipment blank should be
taken prior to the commencement of field work, from
each set of sampling equipment to be used for that
day. Refer to site QAPP or FSP for specific require-
ments.
(3) trip blank: a trip blank is required to accompany each
volatile sample shipment. These blanks are prepared
in the laboratory by filling a 40-mL volatile organic
analysis (VOA) bottle with distilled/deionized water.
V. Low -Permeability Formations and Fractured
Rock
The overall sampling program goals or sampling
objectives will drive how the sampling points are located,
installed, and choice of sampling device. Likewise, site -
specific hydrogeologic factors will affect these decisions.
Sites with very low permeability formations or fractures
causing discrete flow channels may require a unique monitor-
ing approach. Unlike water supply wells, wells installed for
ground -water quality assessment and restoration programs
are often installed in low water -yielding settings (e.g., clays,
silts). Alternative types of sampling points and sampling
methods are often needed in these types of environments,
because low -permeability settings may require extremely low -
flow purging (<0.1 L/min) and may be technology -limited.
Where devices are not readily available to pump at such low
flow rates, the primary consideration is to avoid dewatering of

the well screen. This may require repeated recovery of the
water during purging while leaving the pump in place within
the well screen.
Use of low -flow techniques may be impractical in
these settings, depending upon the water recharge rates.
The sampler and the end -user of data collected from such
wells need to understand the limitations of the data collected;
i.e., a strong potential for underestimation of actual contami-
nant concentrations for volatile organics, potential false
negatives for filtered metals and potential false positives for
unfiltered metals. It is suggested that comparisons be made
between samples recovered using low -flow purging tech-
niques and samples recovered using passive sampling
techniques (i.e., two sets of samples). Passive sample
collection would essentially entail acquisition of the sample
with no or very little purging using a dedicated sampling
system installed within the screened interval or a passive
sample collection device.
A. Low -Permeability Formations (<O.1 L/min
recharge)
1. Low -Flow Purging and Sampling with Pumps
"portable or non -dedicated mode" - Lower the pump
(one capable of pumping at <0.1 L/min) to mid -screen
or slightly above and set in place for minimum of 48
hours (to lessen purge volume requirements). After 48
hours, use procedures listed in Part IV above regard-
ing monitoring water quality parameters for stabiliza-
tion, etc., but do not dewater the screen. If excessive
drawdown and slow recovery is a problem, then
alternate approaches such as those listed below may
be better.
b. "dedicated mode" - Set the pump as above at least a
week prior to sampling; that is, operate in a dedicated
pump mode. With this approach significant reductions
in purge volume should be realized. Water quality
parameters should stabilize quite rapidly due to less
disturbance of the sampling zone.
2. Passive Sample Collection
Passive sampling collection requires insertion of the
device into the screened interval for a sufficient time period to
allow flow and sample equilibration before extraction for
analysis. Conceptually, the extraction of water from low
yielding formations seems more akin to the collection of water
from the unsaturated zone and passive sampling techniques
may be more appropriate in terms of obtaining "representa-
tive" samples. Satisfying usual sample volume requirements
is typically a problem with this approach and some latitude will
be needed on the part of regulatory entities to achieve
sampling objectives.
B. Fractured Rock
In fractured rock formations, a low -flow to zero
purging approach using pumps in conjunction with packers to
isolate the sampling zone in the borehole is suggested.
Passive multi -layer sampling devices may also provide the
most "representative" samples. It is imperative in these
settings to identify flow paths or water -producing fractures
prior to sampling using tools such as borehole flowmeters
and/or other geophysical tools.
After identification of water -bearing fractures, install
packer(s) and pump assembly for sample collection using
low -flow sampling in "dedicated mode" or use a passive
sampling device which can isolate the identified water -bearing
fractures.
VI. Documentation
The usual practices for documenting the sampling
event should be used for low -flow purging and sampling
techniques. This should include, at a minimum: information
on the conduct of purging operations (flow -rate, drawdown,
water -quality parameter values, volumes extracted and times
for measurements), field instrument calibration data, water
sampling forms and chain of custody forms. See Figures 2
and 3 and "Ground Water Sampling Workshop -- A Workshop
Summary" (U. S. EPA, 1995) for example forms and other
documentation suggestions and information. This information
coupled with laboratory analytical data and validation data are
needed to judge the "useability" of the sampling data.
VII. Notice
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office
of Research and Development funded and managed the
research described herein as part of its in-house research
program and under Contract No. 68-C4-0031 to Dynamac
Corporation. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and
administrative review and has been approved for publication
as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommenda-
tion for use.
VIII. References
Backhus, D,A., J.N. Ryan, D.M. Groher, J.K. McFarlane, and
P.M. Gschwend. 1993. Sampling Colloids and Colloid -
Associated Contaminants in Ground Water. Ground Water,
31(3):466-479.
Barcelona, M.J., J.A. Helfrich, E.E. Garske, and J.P. Gibb.
1984. A laboratory evaluation of groundwater sampling
mechanisms. Ground Water Monitoring Review, 4(2):32-41.

Barcelona, M.J. and J.A. Helfrich. 1986. Well construction and
purging effects on ground -water samples. Environ. Sci.
Technol., 20(11):1179-1184.
Barcelona, M.J., H.A. Wehrmann, and M.D. Varljen. 1994.
Reproducible well purging procedures and VOC stabilization
criteria for ground -water sampling. Ground Water, 32(1):12-
22.
Buddemeier, R.W. and J.R. Hunt. 1988. Transport of Colloidal
Contaminants in Ground Water: Radionuclide Migration at the
Nevada Test Site. Applied Geochemistry, 3: 535-548.
Danielsson, L.G. 1982. On the Use of Filters for Distinguish-
ing Between Dissolved and Particulate Fractions in Natural
Waters. Water Research, 16:179.
Enfield, C.G. and G. Bengtsson. 1988. Macromolecular
Transport of Hydrophobic Contaminants in Aqueous Environ-
ments. Ground Water, 26(1): 64-70.
Gschwend, P.M. and M.D. Reynolds. 1987. Monodisperse
Ferrous Phosphate Colloids in an Anoxic Groundwater
Plume, J. of Contaminant Hydrol., 1: 309-327.
Herzog, B., J. Pennino, and G. Nielsen. 1991. Ground -Water
Sampling. In Practical Handbook of Ground -Water Moni-
toring (D.M. Nielsen, ed.). Lewis Publ., Chelsea, MI, pp. 449-
499.
Horowitz, A.J., K.A. Elrick, and M.R. Colberg. 1992. The effect
of membrane filtration artifacts on dissolved trace element
concentrations. Water Res., 26(6):753-763.
Laxen, D.P.H. and I.M. Chandler. 1982. Comparison of
Filtration Techniques for Size Distribution in Freshwaters
Analytical Chemistry, 54(8):1350.
McCarthy, J.F. and J.M. Zachara. 1989. Subsurface Transport
of Contaminants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 5(23):496-502.
McCarthy, J.F. and C. Degueldre. 1993. Sampling and
Characterization of Colloids and Ground Water for Studying
Their Role in Contaminant Transport. In: Environmental
Particles (J. Buffle and H.P. van Leeuwen, eds.), Lewis Publ.,
Chelsea, MI, pp. 247-315.
Parker, L.V. 1994. The Effects of Ground Water Sampling
Devices on Water Quality: A Literature Review. Ground
Water Monitoring and Remediation, 14(2):130-141.
Penrose, W.R., W.L. Polzer, E.H. Essington, D.M. Nelson,
and K.A. Orlandini. 1990. Mobility of Plutonium and Ameri-
cium through a Shallow Aquifer in a Semiarid Region,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 24:228-234.
Puls, R.W. and M.J. Barcelona. 1989. Filtration of Ground
Water Samples for Metals Analyses. Hazardous Waste and
Hazardous Materials, 6(4):385-393.
Puls, R.W., J.H. Eychaner, and R.M. Powell. 1990. Colloidal -
Facilitated Transport of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground
Water: Part I. Sampling Considerations. EPA/600/M-90/023,
NTIS PB 91-168419.
Puls, R.W. 1990. Colloidal Considerations in Groundwater
Sampling and Contaminant Transport Predictions. Nuclear
Safety, 31(1):58-65.
Puls, R.W. and R.M. Powell. 1992. Acquisition of Representa-
tive Ground Water Quality Samples for Metals. Ground Water
Monitoring Review, 12(3):167-176.
Puls, R.W., D.A. Clark, B.Bledsoe, R.M. Powell, and C.J.
Paul. 1992. Metals in Ground Water: Sampling Artifacts and
Reproducibility. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials,
9(2): 149-162.
Puls, R.W. and C.J. Paul. 1995. Low -Flow Purging and
Sampling of Ground -Water Monitoring Wells with Dedicated
Systems. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation,
15(1):116-123.
Ryan, J.N. and P.M. Gschwend. 1990. Colloid Mobilization in
Two Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifers. Water Resour. Res., 26:
307-322.
Thurnblad, T. 1994. Ground Water Sampling Guidance:
Development of Sampling Plans, Sampling Protocols, and
Sampling Reports. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.
U. S. EPA. 1992. RCRA Ground -Water Monitoring: Draft
Technical Guidance. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC
EPA/530/R-93/001, NTIS PB 93-139350.
U. S. EPA. 1995. Ground Water Sampling Workshop -- A
Workshop Summary, Dallas, TX, November 30 - December 2,
1993. EPA/600/R-94/205, NTIS PB 95-193249, 126 pp.
U. S. EPA. 1982. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C.
10

Figure 2. Ground Water Sampling Log
Project
Well Depth
Sampling Device
Measuring Point
Sampling Personnel
Type of Samples Collected
Site
Screen Length
Tubing type
Well No.
Otherinfor
Well Diameter
Information: 2 in = 617 ml/ft, 4 in = 2470 ml/ft: Vol,y, = rrrzh, Volsphe e = 4/3rr r3
Date
Casing Type
Water Level
Is

Figure 3. Ground Water Sampling Log (with automatic data logging for most water quality
parameters)
Project
Well Depth
Sampling Device
Measuring Point
Sampling Personnel
Type of Samples Collected
Site
Screen Length
Tubing type
Well No.
Otherinfor
Well Diameter
Information: 2 in = 617 ml/ft, 4 in = 2470 ml/ft: Vol,Y, = rrrzh, Volsphe e = 4/3rr r3
Date
Casing Type
Water Level
12