6804_OrangeCoCDLF_PTO_App_FID1274690_20170627

June 27, 2017

Shannon Aufman, Engineering Project Manager Permitting Branch, Solid Waste Section
Division of Waste Management, NCDEQ
217 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603
RE: Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill, Permit 68-04
Permit Renewal Documents
Draper Aden Associates Project No. R00592-179N
Dear Ms. Aufman:

On behalf of Orange County, please find enclosed permit amendment documents pertaining to
the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Operating Permit. These documents are submitted for
the Section’s review and approval.

If you have questions, comments, or need additional information, please contact us.
Sincerely,
Draper Aden Associates

C. Tyrus Clayton, Jr., PE
Senior Project Manager

Enclosure: Permit Amendment Application for Continued Operation of Phase 1 (Permit No. 68-04)

cc: Gordon Dively, PE – Orange County Solid Waste
Kevin Lindley, PE – Orange County Solid Waste
Bill Hase, PE – Draper Aden Associates

ORANGE COUNTY SOLID WASTE
EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT NO 68-04

Permit Amendment Application for Continued Operation of Phase I 
1514 Eubanks Road, Orange County, NC  

DAA Project Number: R00592‐179N 

PREPARED FOR: 
Orange County Solid Waste Management Department 
Gordon Dively, PE, Solid Waste Operations Manager 
P.O. Box 17177 (mailing address) 
1207 Eubanks Rd. (physical address) 
Chapel Hill NC 27516 

Date June 23, 2017 

Orange County Landfill Permit Amendment – Section Contents June 23, 2017 Page I-1

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL PERMIT AMENDMENT INTRODUCTION
This Permit Amendment Application for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D
Landfill, Orange County, North Carolina, Permit No. 68-04 is submitted in accordance with Paragraph (3) of Rule .0547 of the NC Solid Waste Management Rules. The permit amendment application consists of this Introduction and the following Sections: Section I – Facility Plan
Section II – Engineering Plan Section III – Construction Quality Assurance Plan
Section IV – Operations Report Section V – Closure and Post-Closure Care Plan
Figures – (Drawing Sheets 1 thru 10)
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL

PERMIT AMENDMENT

SECTION I

FACILITY PLAN

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Table of Contents
Revised June 23, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1

2.0 Waste Stream .......................................................................................................................2
2.1 Types ........................................................................................................................2
2.2 Average Monthly Disposal Rates ............................................................................4
2.3 Service Area .............................................................................................................4
2.4 Segregated Management ..........................................................................................4
2.5 Equipment ................................................................................................................5

3.0 Landfill Capacity .................................................................................................................6
3.1 Capacity/Life Expectancy ........................................................................................6
3.2 Soil Resources ..........................................................................................................7
3.3 Required Soil Quantities ..........................................................................................7
3.4 Estimated Operating Life .........................................................................................8

4.0 Containment and Environmental Control Systems ..............................................................8
4.1 Cap Design ...............................................................................................................8
4.2 Landfill Gas Detection Monitoring ..........................................................................8
4.3 Landfill Gas Venting ................................................................................................8
4.4 Groundwater Monitoring .........................................................................................9

5.0 Leachate Management .........................................................................................................9

6.0 Stormwater Management .....................................................................................................9
6.1 Run-On Control System ...........................................................................................9
6.2 Run-Off Control System ........................................................................................10

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill is located approximately 2.5 miles
northwest Chapel Hill, on Eubanks Road. The landfill is owned by Orange County.

The facility operates under Permit 68-04. A permit to operate Phase 1 of the facility was
issued on December 14, 2005 by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR), which is now called the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) . Phase 1 has been constructed and began receiving waste on June 1, 2006. The Phase
1 area is approximately 7.7 acres in size. Phases 2 and 3 are projected future phases,
approximately 4.9 acres in size. Phases 4 and 5 will be a vertical extension of Phases 1 through 3.
The following facility plan is provided to the Department of Environment Quality (NCDEQ) as
part of a Permit Amendment Application for the continued operation of Phase 1. The facility
plan is submitted in accordance with the following North Carolina Solid Waste Management
Rules:

Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0533(a)(2) Permit amendment General Applications
Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0534(b)(2)(F) Permit amendment General Requirements
Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0535(b) Permit amendment
Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0537 Facility Plan
Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0547(3) Application for a Permit to Construct

The previous permit modification submitted in February 2012, included modifications to
the proposed base grades and final grades for Phases 2 and 3. The application also proposed an
increase the previously-approved volume of the landfill by increasing the overall height by 11
feet and increasing the side slopes of the landfill from 4:1 to 3.5:1. The volume increase is 5.8
percent as calculated by comparing the proposed new volume to a newly measured volume of the
previously approved base and final grades. These modifications, which were subsequently
approved by the NCDEQ, are included in the current design.

The facility includes an undisturbed buffer of 12.9 acres through an agreement between
Orange County and Duke University. An easement with Duke University gives Orange County
the right to maintain a 200-foot site buffer on the north and west between the C&D landfill and
the Duke Forest. It also stipulates that an additional distance of 20 feet on the Orange County
side is maintained in its existing vegetative state. The lease agreement is included in Appendix 1
to the Construction Plan application. Appendix 2 of the Construction Plan application contains
the legal description of the landfill property.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-2

2.0 WASTE STREAM

2.1 Types

The landfill is permitted to accept construction and demolition (C&D) debris, land
clearing debris, inert debris, and asphalt. Construction and demolition debris is defined in
NC General Statutes as waste or debris resulting solely from construction, remodeling,
repair, or the demolition of pavement, buildings, or other structures. Inert debris will
include waste brick, block and uncontaminated soils.

Specific waste may be accepted at the landfill if it is determined to be suitable by
the Division of Solid Waste Management. The landfill operator will assume the
responsibility to inspect incoming waste and refuse questionable wastes until the waste
involved is determined to be acceptable under the Division of Solid Waste Management’s
“Procedure and Criteria for Waste Management Determination” which, under 15A
NCAC 13B. 0103(d), will be used to determine whether a waste is:

(1) hazardous waste as defined by 15A NCAC 13A, and
(2) suitable for disposal at a solid waste management facility.

If there is an attempt to dispose of unpermitted waste at this facility, the Division
of Solid Waste Management will be notified within 24 hours of the attempted disposal.

Orange County ceased operations and formally closed the onsite MSW Landfill in
2014. Currently municipal solid waste discovered in the C&D stream is either directed to
outside MSW facilities (entire loads) or collected and transported to the Durham County
MSW Transfer Station, Other wasteshandled at the Eubanks Road facility, include white
goods, clean metal, and recyclables are directed to special designated handling areas.
These materials will not be disposed of in the C&D landfill.

In accordance with Rule .0505(11)(b), no hazardous or liquid waste may be accepted
for disposal. The C&D landfill will also not accept the following items, as defined in G.S.
130A-290 except when defined as noted:

• municipal solid waste (MSW), including household, commercial and industrial
waste, except where the Division finds that waste meets the requirements of
Rule .0503(2)(d)(ii)(A);
• Garbage (putrescible waste)
• hazardous waste, including hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small
quantity generators;
• polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761;
• barrels and drums (except fiber drums containing asbestos), unless they are
empty and sufficiently perforated;
• friable asbestos;
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-3

• yard trash defined as solid waste consisting solely of vegetative matter resulting
from landscaping maintenance;
• if received separate from the waste stream: lead pipes, bulbs, lighting ballast or
fixtures, thermostats and light switches, transformers, capacitors, and CCA or
creosote treated woods;
• Liquid wastes;
• Medical waste;
• Radioactive waste;
• Septage and sludge waste, unless for the sole utilization as a soil conditioner and
in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0542(d);
• Special wastes;
• White goods;
• other wastes specifically banned from landfill disposal by rule or statute, such as
acid batteries, tires, oil, and aluminum cans;
• Previously crushed, unidentifiable C&D waste that is not from a facility that is
permitted to provide such materials

Wastes not listed above can generally be accepted at the landfill.

A load inspection system has been established. The load inspection program is
largely based on the Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) “Waste
Screening” Training Program.

As an initial waste inspection, the scale attendant will determine from the waste
hauler the nature and origin of the waste being delivered. Unacceptable waste discovered at
this point will either be turned away or directed to a proper disposal/handling facility. New
or unfamiliar haulers will be subject to detailed questioning as to the character of their loads.
Refer to Figures 1-3 of Appendix IV-C of the Operations Manual.

Random inspections will be performed on incoming waste loads so as to screen out
the above listed wastes. Loads will be inspected at the frequency of at least 1% of the
commercial and industrial haulers, or loads mixed with residential waste, but no less than 50
inspections per year.

The facility operator will conduct detailed inspections of the loads of commercial
and industrial waste, or loads mixed with residential waste. The waste load will be diverted
to specially constructed pad made of low permeability earth near to the operating face. The
pad is constructed as illustrated in Appendix IV-C of the Operations Manual.

The incoming loads will be inspected as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of Appendix
IV-C of the Operations Manual. A record will be kept of the inspection on a form similar to
that illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of Appendix IV-C. Inspection records will be kept on file
at the landfill office. Unacceptable waste may be photographed for purposed of maintaining
a complete record.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-4

Unacceptable non-hazardous waste will be removed from the site by the hauler who
brought it on site. Hazardous waste will be treated in accordance with the Contingency Plan
located in the Waste Screening Procedure, Appendix IV-C of the Operations Manual.

In addition to the random screening described above, the equipment operators,
spotter and on site inspector will observe the incoming waste as it is dumped during normal
operations. If the material cannot be identified, the material will be relocated to the
appropriate handling area or isolated as described under the Contingency Plan.

Records of inspections, rejected waste and unacceptable waste that was removed
from the site will be kept in the Operating Record. The records will be kept for the life of
the site plus thirty years. The Operating Record will be subject to inspection at any time.

Regulated hazardous waste found at the site will be reported to the NCDEQ Solid
Waste Section for consultation as to proper handling procedures.

2.2 Average Monthly Disposal Rates

The table below summarizes the tonnage landfilled at the facility. Daily waste intake is
based on 5½ days per week and 5 holidays per year.

Table I-1
Landfilled Tonnage

Fiscal Year Tons Landfilled Tons Per Month,
Average
Tons Per
Day,
Average
2006 - 2010 50,824.84 1,037 44
2010 - 2011 7,944.41 662 28
2011 - 2012 7,492.07 624 27
2012 - 2013 8,358.83 697 30
2013 - 2014 6,570.33 548 23
2014 - 2015 6,318.77 527 23
2015 - 2016 7,114.23 593 25
Total 94,623.48 782 33

As shown, the average monthly tonnage rate is about 782 tons and the average
daily is approximately 33 tons. The actual monthly rate is seasonal- related and may vary
by +/- 20%. The actual daily rate may vary from the average by +/- 50%. The variation
is dependent upon a number of factors such as weather, holidays and local events.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-5

The site was mapped aerially on March 3, 2017. This mapping was compared
with the base grades at Phase 1, which, as noted above, began filling on June 1, 2006. As
of the date of mapping, the site was filled to approximately 207,149 cubic yards during
the 10.1-year period. The site uses soil as weekly cover. Based on a 9:1 waste/soil ratio,
the landfill uses approximately 27 cubic yards of cover soil per week.

2.3 Service Area

The landfill will accept waste only from within the County of Orange including
the Towns of Chapel Hill, Hillsborough and Carrboro.

2.4 Segregated Management

The landfill is permitted as a C&D landfill. To the east and southeast of the
landfill is facility Permit 68-01. Permit 68-01 includes a MSW landfill unit closed in
2014, a MSW landfill unit closed in 1998, and a C&D disposal unit closed in 2006. Each
disposal unit has groundwater and gas monitoring systems.

2.5 Equipment

The 68-04 facility currently uses the following equipment.

C&D Landfill:
 one dozer
 one compactor

Additional equipment can be obtained from other facility operations as needed.
The additional equipment includes, but may not be limited to:

Previous MSW Landfill Equipment:
 two compactors
 one dozer
 one Posi-Shell sprayer
 one water truck

Wood Grinding Operation:
 horizontal grinder
 track loader
 hydraulic excavator
 conveyor
 Trommel screen

Metal and Whitegoods Handling:
 hydraulic excavator
 two 90 cubic yard trailers
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-6

Mulch Management:
 one wheel loader

Miscellaneous:
 dozer
 motor grader
 sweeper
 water truck
 repair truck

This equipment is adequate for operations. Equipment from one area can
supplement equipment in other waste management areas. In the event of an extended
breakdown of equipment, the County has funds set aside for temporary rental of
replacement equipment.

3.0 LANDFILL CAPACITY

3.1 Capacity/Life Expectancy

The total landfill capacity, the individual phase capacities, and projected year
each phase begins are summarized in the following table.

Table I-2
Landfill Capacity

Phase Capacity
(cubic yards)
Net
Remaining
Airspace
(cubic yards)
Area
(Acres)
Remaining
Site Life
(years)
Projected Date
Filled
Phase 1 (active) 282,000 74,800 7.7 9.4 2026
Phases 2 & 3 257,000 257,000 4.9 32.3 2058
Phases 4 & 5 189,000 189,000 N/A 23.7 2082
Final Cover 62,000 62,000 12.6
Total
(Gross Capacity) 790,000 582,000 12.6 65.4
Notes:
1. Remaining Site life begins with a start date of March 3, 2017, the date of the latest aerial mapping.
2. Net Remaining Airspace and projected fill date assumes the utilization rate calculated between March
2011 and March 2015.
3. Phase capacity does not include final cover. Final cover volume is included as a separate line item and
is included in the Gross Capacity volume.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-7

As of March 3, 2017, Phase 1 had a remaining airspace capacity of approximately
74,000 cubic yards. Assuming that the landfill usage remains relatively constant, Phase 1
will reach capacity in 2026. Again assuming that the usage remains relatively constant,
Phases 2 and 3 will reach capacity in 2058, and Phases 4 and 5 will reach capacity in
2082.

Conceptual facility development will consist of five phases. Future Phases 2
through 5 will be addressed in detailed design in requests to construct and requests to
operate those Phases. Phases 2 and 3 will be adjacent to Phase 1 on the eastern side,
while Phases 4 and 5 will “over-fill” both Phases 1 and 2 as shown on the cross-sections
on Sheet 7 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. The conceptual gross capacity of the
landfill is 790,000 cubic yards, which includes the volume of the final cap system. This
gross capacity is a 1.9 percent increase from the previously permitted gross capacity of
the landfill, specified in the Construction Plan Application prepared for this facility by
Joyce Engineering, Inc. dated May 2003. The gross capacity of Phase 1 is 282,000 cubic
yards, approximately the same as the original Phase 1 capacity of 281,533 cubic yards.

3.2 Soil Resources

Soil excavated from Phase 1 was stockpiled in the future Phases 2 and 3 area.
This soil has been used for daily cover during operations. Additional soil is imported
from local construction projects and stockpiled for weekly cover.

3.3 Required Soil Quantities

Table I-3
Soil Quantities Required

Soil Volume, cy
Phase 1 - Development 8,000
Phase 1 - Weekly cover (26,000)
Phases 2 & 3 - Development (7,600)
Phases 2 & 3 - Weekly cover (24,000)
Phases 4 & 5 - Weekly cover (16,000)
Final cover (62,000)
Soil Balance (127,600)

Weekly cover volume assumes waste/soil ratio of 9:1. The quantities are rounded
to the nearest 1,000 cubic yards.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-8

3.4 Estimated Operating Life

The landfill has an anticipated remaining operating life of approximately 65.4
years, beginning in March 3, 3017. Phase 1 has an anticipated remaining operating life of
approximately 9.4 years. It is possible that the next permit amendment application will
include development of Phases 2 and 3 if useage is increased.

4.0 CONTAINMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

The Orange County Landfill is designed to meet State Rules for containment as follows:

4.1 Cap Design

The final cover, or cap, will be placed on top of the intermediate cover. The
following components, from the bottom up, are included in the cap design:

Geocomposite gas venting layer
18 inches infiltration layer @ 1x10-5 cm/sec
12 inches cushion layer of off-site material
6 inches off-site vegetative layer

4.2 Landfill Gas Detection Monitoring

Landfill gas monitoring probes have been installed around the perimeter of the
landfill unit. The Gas Control Plan is included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations
Report.

4.3 Landfill Gas Venting

Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL) being
detected in various probes, a landfill gas interception trench has been installed at the
facility. Initially, methane concentrations in GP-CD4 through GP-CD8, and GP-CD13
exceeded the LEL. During further investigation of landfill gas migration limits,
monitoring of newly-constructed probes GP-CD6R and GP-CD8R indicated the presence
of methane, with GP-CD5R in exceedance of the LEL. Through the installation and
monitoring of probes GP-14 through GP-18 and a subsequent landfill gas migration
study, it was determined that a landfill gas interception trench should be installed along
the western perimeter of the waste disposal area. The location of trenching and vents is
shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by
Draper Aden Associates dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background
information, plans and specifications for the interception trench.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-9

A landfill gas venting system will be installed at the time of closure. The system
includes landfill gas vents within the waste footprint and a landfill gas collection layer
below the low-permeability component of the landfill cap. The gas venting system is
described in the Gas Control Plan included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report.
Additional venting may be necessary as determined in accordance with the Gas Control
Plan.

4.4 Groundwater Monitoring

A network of monitoring wells is in place around the landfill. Groundwater
quality will be monitored from these wells under a separate Groundwater Monitoring
Plan, included as Attachment IV-E to the Operations Report.

5.0 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT

There is no leachate collection or leachate management system in place or proposed for
this facility.

6.0 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

6.1 Run-On Control System

6.1.1 Peak Flow

The Rational Method, along with the North Carolina Erosion and
Sediment Planning and Design Manual, was used to determine peak flows in
various drainage areas on the site. The site was divided into several areas to
efficiently size diversion ditches. A 25-year, 24-hour storm event was used as the
design basis.

6.1.2 Design and Performance

The run on control system consists of a series of ditches along the
perimeter of the landfill. Where access roads are adjacent to the landfill, the
roadside ditch is sized and used as part of the run on control system. The
channels divert stormwater to the sedimentation basin and/or away from the
active section of the facility. Locations and dimensions of culverts and
conveyance channels are shown on the plans.

6.1.3 Construction

The perimeter diversion ditches are to be constructed in accordance with
the attached specifications. The construction inspection program will include
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Facility Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page I-10

documentation of the dimensions of ditches (length, width, depth,) and slopes of
each ditch.

6.2 Run-Off Control System

6.2.1 Peak Flow

Peak flow has been determined using the Rational Method and the North
Carolina Erosion and Sediment Planning and Design Manual. A 25-year, 24-hour
storm event was used as the design basis. Runoff is to be collected into diversion
ditches and directed to the sedimentation basin located as shown on the plans.

6.2.2 Design and Performance

Runoff is collected in the sedimentation basin, allowing sediment to settle
out and controlling the outflow. The basins have been designed previously using
the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Planning and Design Manual as
guidance. Locations and dimensions of culverts and conveyance channels are
shown on the plans.

6.2.3 Construction

Construction and inspection of run-off features will be in accordance with
the specifications included in Appendix II-B of this plan and construction details
contained on the Drawings.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Engineering Plan
Revised June 23, 2017

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL

PERMIT AMENDMENT APPLICATION

SECTION II

ENGINEERING PLAN

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Engineering Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Table of Contents – Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 General .................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Title ..............................................................................................................1
1.2 Preparer of the Plans ................................................................................................1
1.3 Site Owner, Permittee and Operator ........................................................................1
1.4 Location of Facility ..................................................................................................1
1.5 General Facility Information ....................................................................................2
1.6 General Site Plans ....................................................................................................5

2.0 Facility Design Standards ....................................................................................................8
2.1 Foundation ...............................................................................................................8
2.2 Cap System ..............................................................................................................9
2.3 Run-On Control System .........................................................................................10
2.4 Run-Off Control System ........................................................................................10
2.5 Landfill Gas Management System .........................................................................11
2.6 Groundwater Quality Monitoring System .............................................................12

3.0 Facility Design Summary ..................................................................................................13
3.1 Analytical Methods ................................................................................................13
3.2 Critical Conditions .................................................................................................13
3.3 Technical References .............................................................................................13
3.4 Local Restriction Demonstrations..........................................................................14

4.0 Materials and Construction Practices .................................................................................15

5.0 Design Hydrogeologic Report ...........................................................................................16

Attachments

Attachment II-A Rare Species and Significant Natural Areas
Attachment II-B Technical Specifications

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Engineering Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page II - 1

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 PROJECT TITLE

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill

1.2 PREPARER OF THE PLANS

Draper Aden Associates
930 Main Campus Dr.
Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

1.3 SITE OWNER, PERMITTEE, AND OPERATOR

The landfill is owned by the Orange County, North Carolina. Permit 68-04 is held by
Orange County. Orange County is the site operator. The landfill contact is:

Name: Orange County Solid Waste Management
Address:

P.O. Box 17177
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
Phone: [phone]
Attention: Mr. Gordon Dively, PE
Solid Waste Operations Manager

Amendments, substantial amendments, or modifications to the permit will be submitted
to the Division in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0533.

1.4 LOCATION OF FACILITY

The Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill is located on SR 1727, Eubanks Road,
in Orange County, North Carolina. The site is approximately 2.5 miles northwest of Chapel Hill
and 3.5 miles north of Carrboro. A near vicinity map showing the site location is included on the
cover sheet of the drawings.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Engineering Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page II - 2

1.5 GENERAL FACILITY INFORMATION

1.5.1 Site Life and Capacity

Phase Capacity
(cubic yards)
Net
Remaining
Airspace
(cubic yards)
Area
(Acres)
Remaining
Site Life
(years)
Projected
Date Filled
Phase 1 (active) 282,000 74,000 7.7 9.4 2026
Phases 2 & 3 257,000 257,000 4.9 32.3 2058
Phases 4 & 5 189,000 189,000 N/A 23.7 2082
Final Cover 62,000 62,000 12.6
Total
(Gross Capacity) 790,000 582,000 12.6 65.4
Notes:
1. Remaining Site life begins with a start date of March 3, 2017, the date of the latest aerial mapping.
2. Net Remaining Airspace and projected fill date assumes the utilization rate calculated between March
2011 and March 2015.
3. Phase capacity does not include final cover and is included in the Gross Capacity volume.

Between the opening of Phase 1 on June 1, 2006 and March 19, 2010,
approximately 99,600 cubic yards of waste/soil were placed in Phase 1. This is
approximately 20,750 cubic yards per year. Assuming a 5 ½ day work week, this is about
75 cubic yards per day. This total includes waste and weekly and intermediate cover
materials.

Between the March 2011 and March 2016, approximately 39,800 cubic yards of
waste/soil were placed in Phase 1. The calculated Airspace Utilization Rate for this
period is approximately 7,900 cubic yards per year. Assuming a 5 ½ day work week, this
is about 22 cubic yards per day including waste, weekly cover, and intermediate cover
material.

The total facility development will consist of five phases with a total remaining
expected life of approximately 65 years, beginning in March 3, 2017. Phase 2 will be
developed adjacent to Phase 1 on the eastern side, Phase 3 will “over-fill” Phase 2, and
Phases 4 and 5 will “over-fill” Phases 1 through 3 as shown on the cross-sections on
Sheet 7.

The waste/soil volume remaining in Phase 1 is approximately 74,800 cubic yards.
Assuming that the usage remains relatively constant, Phase 1 will reach capacity in
July2026. The waste/soil volume in Phases 2 and 3 is approximately 257,000 cubic
yards. Again assuming that the usage remains relatively constant, Phases 2 and 3 will
reach capacity in October 2058. The waste/soil volume in Phases 4 and 5 is
approximately 189,000 cubic yards. Again assuming that the usage remains relatively
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
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Revised June 23, 2017
Page II - 3

constant, Phases 4 and 5 will reach capacity in 2082. Including placement of the final
cover, the gross capacity of the landfill is 790,000 cubic yards. This gross capacity is
approximately a 1.9 percent increase from the previously permitted gross capacity of the
landfill.

The capacities in the above table were obtained by a grid-type volume calculation
in Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D. The calculations are a comparison of the permitted
base grades and the proposed grades as they are shown on the Permit Amendment
Drawings.

Excavated material that is unsuitable for use as structural fill or for construction
of the cap will be segregated for use as weekly cover. Approximately 8,000 net cubic
yards of material was excavated to construct the Phase 1 disposal area, sediment basin,
and other erosion control features. Approximately 7,600 net cubic yards of fill will be
required to achieve base grades at Phases 2 and 3. The following soil balance table
reflects a waste to soil ratio of 9:1:

Soil Volume, cy
Phase 1 - Development 8,000 (cut)
Phase 1 - Weekly cover (26,000)
Phases 2 & 3 - Development (7,600)
Phases 2 & 3 - Weekly cover (24,000)
Phases 4 & 5 - Weekly cover (16,000)
Final cover (62,000)
Soil Balance (127,600)

Weekly cover volume assumes waste/soil ratio of 9:1. The quantities are rounded
to the nearest 1,000 cubic yards.

1.5.2 Municipalities, Industries and Collection and Transportation Agencies
Served

The landfill accepts waste material from various commercial and residential
sources from Orange County and all municipalities contained therein.

1.5.3 Waste Types and Quantities to be Processed

The facility accepts construction and demolition (C&D) debris, land clearing
debris, inert debris, and asphalt. All other waste is prohibited from disposal.
Construction and demolition debris is waste or debris resulting solely from construction,
remodeling, repair, or demolition operations on pavement, buildings, or other structures.
Inert debris will include waste brick, block, and uncontaminated soil.

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The C&D landfill accepted 67,520 tons of waste from June 1, 2006 through 2010,
which is an average of 13,307 tons per year, or approximately 44 tons per day. The
annual tonnage ranged from 8,324 tons in 2010 to a high of 17,791 tons in 2007.
Monthly tonnages landfilled averaged 1,026 tons.

The landfill accepted approximately 43,800 tons of waste from July 1, 2010
through June 30, 2016, which is an average of 7,300 tons per year, or approximately 26
tons per day. The annual tonnage ranged from 6,318 tons per year in FY 2014-2015 to a
high of 8,359 tons in FY 2012-2013. Monthly average tonnages landfilled is about 608
tons.

From July 1, 2010, the following tons were placed in the landfill.

Fiscal Year Tons Landfilled Volume Used, cy Cumulative
Airspace Used,
cy
Airspace
Remaining, cy
2010-2011 7944.41
2011-2012 7492.07
2012-2013 8358.83 5,292 137,100 144,900
2013-2014 6570.33 4,952 142,052 139,948
2014-2015 6318.77 8,029 150,081 131,919
2015-2016 7114.23 21,554 171,635 131,365
2016-2017 N/A 35,514 207,149 74,851

Based on 26 tons per day of incoming waste and 35.5 cubic yards of landfilled
waste/soil per day at a 9:1 waste/soil ratio, the waste/soil has an in-place density of
approximately 1,464 pounds per cubic yard. When mixed with soil, 1,173 pounds of
waste will require one cubic yard of landfill airspace.

1.5.4 Flood Plains

C&D waste is not located within the 100-year floodplain.

1.5.5 Site Access

Access to the facility is controlled through a single entrance road. A gate controls
access after operating hours. A sign containing the information required in Rule .0542(j)
(i.e., acceptable wastes, hours, permit number, etc.) is posted at the facility entrance.
Waste collection vehicles are weighed in (and out if tare weights are not available for that
vehicle) at the scale house. Signs are posted directing traffic to separate areas of the
facility. Traffic will move from the scales to the landfill via an all-weather haul road.
The layout of haul roads may change as needed during the course of landfill development
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so there is convenient access to active disposal areas. Access roads are maintained to
remain passable during most weather conditions. An attendant will remain on duty at the
scale house during operating hours.

The facility includes an undisturbed buffer through an easement agreement
between Orange County and Duke University. The 200-ft wide buffer will be maintained
around the property boundary on the north and west between the C&D landfill and the
Duke Forest. It also stipulates that an additional distance of 20 feet on the Orange
County side be maintained in its existing vegetative state. The easement is included in
Appendix 1 to the Construction Plan Application.

The eastern side of the facility is bounded by current recycling operations.

1.5.6 Utilities

The entrance facility consists of a scale house which is equipped for use by the
attendant with lights, phone and heat, as well as the scale equipment and computer.

A maintenance building and a recycling building are located on the property.
Access to these buildings is from the east, through adjacent property owned by Orange
County. These buildings will remain through the operation of Phase 1, but will be
removed prior to construction of Phases 2 and 3. The buildings have electricity to
provide heat and lighting during inclement weather, telephone service to provide
communications with the emergency response authorities, and sanitary facilities for the
convenience of the operators.

1.5.7 Aesthetics

No disposal activities will take place within the buffers set by the State. The
buffers are shown on the plan sheets. The buffers will be, to the greatest extent possible,
left wooded to provide a visual and noise barrier.

1.5.8 Location of Cells

The horizontal limits of each phase are shown on Sheets 4 through 8 of the Permit
Amendment drawings. The vertical limits of the phases are shown on the cross sections
and on the Proposed Final Grades, Sheet 7. As the cross sections and contours
demonstrates, at no point is the waste or the lining system within less than four feet of the
seasonal high groundwater level. The horizontal limits of waste are marked in the field.

1.5.9 Benchmarks

Two temporary benchmarks have been established on site to facilitate
construction and operation of Phases 1 and 2. They have the following coordinates and
elevations:
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Benchmark No. Description Northing Easting Elevation
TBM No. 1 Concrete Right of
Way Monument
807134.8247 1974975.8820 542.69
TBM No. 2 Iron Pin in Property
Line
805993.8517 1975671.9490 523.46

It may be necessary to establish additional benchmarks for future cell construction
or other activities.

1.5.10 Borrow and Stockpile Areas

Soil excavated from Phase 1 was used as structural fill for roads or for the Phase 1
base grades or stockpiled for later use. Soil at this area has been used for weekly cover
during operations. Additional soil is imported from local construction projects. Off-site
soil will be needed for operations and closure.

1.6 GENERAL SITE PLANS

1.6.1 Existing Conditions

Sheet 2 of the attached plans shows the existing conditions at the site, including
existing access roads, topography, structures, permitted waste limits, facility boundary,
buffer zones, boring locations, property lines, and groundwater monitoring wells.
Topography is based on an aerial surveys completed by Suttles Engineering on March 19,
2010 and by Summit Design and Engineering Services on March 3, 2017As reflected on
the topography, Phase 1 filling has reached grades as high as 560 feet in elevation.
Topographic features shown above the 560 elevation are temporary stockpiled material.
The site outside of the Phase 1 footprint, where landfilling has occurred, is characterized
by gently sloping hillsides ranging in elevation from 510 to 560 feet above mean sea-
level (MSL).

1.6.2 Base Grades

Sheet 3, ‘Phase 1 Base Grades’, shows the base grades of the landfill at the time
when Phase 1 was excavated to the subgrade. Base grades are a minimum of four feet
above the seasonal high groundwater level shown on the drawing. Waste was placed
directly above these base grades. This drawing reflects site conditions at the time of
construction of Phase 1, including proposed grading, access roads, stormwater controls
and erosion and sediment controls. This drawing also shows the areas of the facility set
aside for specific operational uses during Phase 1 including Phase 1 limits of waste, areas
for special waste handling within the landfill unit, waste storage, and recycling
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operations. Base grades are used to calculate the cumulative airspace volume presented as
presented in the previous sections.

Sheet 4, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Base Grades/Intermediate Grades’, shows the maximum
grades that will occur during Phase 1 filling, as well as the cell development of Phases 2
and 3. The waste will be placed directly above these Phases 2 and 3 base grades. The
Phase 1 grades shown on this drawing represent the grades of the top of the waste, not the
final grades. Also shown are access road, stormwater controls and erosion and sediment
controls as well as the areas of the facility that will be set aside for specific operational
uses during Phases 2 and 3 including Phases 1 through 3 limits of waste, areas for special
waste handling within the landfill unit, waste storage, and recycling operations.

1.6.3 Intermediate Grades

Sheet 4, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Base Grades/Intermediate Grades’, shows the maximum
grades that will occur during Phase 1 filling. Sheet 5, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Intermediate
Grades’, shows the maximum grades that will occur during filling. The grades shown on
this drawing represent the grades of the top of the waste, not the final grades. Also
shown are access roads, erosion and sediment control measures, and stormwater controls.

1.6.4 Final Grades

Sheet 6, ‘Proposed Final Grades’, shows the final grades, after installation of the
landfill cap, of Phases 1 and 2 including access roads, stormwater controls and erosion
and sediment controls. Final contours have been designed with post-settlement surface
slopes of at least five percent on top of the phase, and a maximum of 3.5 horizontal to 1
vertical (3.5H:1V) on the side slopes. Details of the proposed closure cap are provided
on Sheet 8.

1.6.5 Cross Sections

Sheet 7 of the attached plans show cross sections of the landfill. The cross
sections are located on the state’s grid system which is shown on the plans. The
coordinates of the cross sections and grid lines are North 807,340 and East 1,974,169.
The cross sections show existing grade as well as the proposed final grade.

1.6.6 Details

Sheet 8 provides construction details for the cap and for base grade preparation, a
typical section for construction of the landfill perimeter, and details for the landfill gas
vents and probes. Sheet 9 shows details of proposed permanent and temporary erosion
and sediment control best management practices.

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2.0 FACILITY DESIGN STANDARDS

2.1 FOUNDATION

2.1.1 Design Description

Geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics are discussed within the approved Site
Plan Application and the Addendum to the Site Plan Application. The landfill foundation
consists of a thin layer of native soil material above the bedrock. The bedrock underlying
the site consists of the “volcanic rock with associated sediments and subvolcanic plutonic
rock” that are characteristic to the “Carolina Slate Belt”.

The soil underlying the site consists of “dacitic to rhyolitic lithic tuffs, and by
volcaniclastic epiclastics such as light to medium greenish-gray conglomerates,
graywackes, and argillites.”

2.1.2 Subsurface Exploration Data

The results of the subsurface exploration performed by Joyce Engineering are
contained in the approved Site Plan Application and the Addendum to the Site Plan
Application.

2.1.3 Engineering Analyses

2.1.3.1 Settlement Potential

Site conditions encountered during the subsurface exploration program are
expected to adequately support landfill construction without significant
differential settlement. The subgrade consists of stiff residual soils which
transition to weathered rock. Also, rock pinnacles are encountered in the
subsurface profile. This type of subgrade is capable of supporting the landfill
loads with little settlement.

No manmade features or events that may result in a subsequent failure of
containment structures are present on site. The proposed tract of land does not
contain geologically unstable soils, sink holes, caverns or underground mines.

2.1.3.2 Bearing Capacity and Stability

The boring logs indicate the blow counts for the Standard Penetration Test
for the majority of the landfill are well over 100, indicating that there should be
no difficulty with bearing capacity or stability.

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2.1.3.3 Bottom Heave or Blow-out

Conditions necessary for bottom heave are not present at the landfill site.
The phase elevations are a minimum of four feet above the maximum seasonal
ground water elevation. The absence of a water table within the area of cuts and
fills eliminates hydrostatic pressures. If it did exist, the weight of the cushion and
refuse load should provide adequate weight to prevent bottom heave or blow-out.
In addition, the base grade excavation of large portions of the site and
construction of a deep drainage ditch should lower the groundwater level, further
reducing the chances of bottom heave.

2.2 CAP SYSTEM

Final grading of the site will be in accordance with the approved, and attached, plans. The
landfill will be brought to the final grades shown, using the appropriate landfilling methods
described in the Operations Report. The final cap will be installed after the final grades are reached.

If needed at the time of closure, stockpiled soil material will be graded on site so that no
stockpiles are left after closure. Side slopes on the fill are not to exceed 3.5:1 (28.6 percent).
Diversion berms will be placed along the side slopes to intercept and divert stormwater runoff and
limit erosion on the slopes. On the flatter top slopes, positive drainage will be maintained to reduce
pooling of water on the fill. The top slope is to be a minimum of 5 percent. Diversion berms and
downchutes will be constructed on the top slope to reduce channelization of runoff which may
erode the final cover material. The cap will be installed in accordance with the attached
specifications.

The cap to be placed on the landfill will consist of four layers. The top layer will be a
minimum six inch layer of topsoil or amended soil. This layer will serve as a vegetative layer to
promote growth of grass. The second layer will consist of a 12-inch cushion layer to protect the cap
system from freezing and other environmental stresses. This layer will consist of soils with no
specific permeability requirement needed. The third layer will be a minimum 18-inch infiltration
barrier layer of soil having a minimum permeability of 1 x 10-5 cm/sec that will drain to a ditch at
the toe of the slope. The fourth layer will be a geocomposite gas collection medium, consisting of a
drainage geonet with a nonwoven geotextile on either side. The cap will be placed on top of the
intermediate/weekly cover soil layer which consists of 12 inches of soil placed as an operational
cover over inactive areas waiting for final cover.

Slope stability calculations are also included in Section 2.1.4.1.

Specification Section 02292 of the Specifications in Attachment II-B of this plan contains
detailed requirements for soil cap installation, QC/QA and inspection. Testing will be in
accordance with the Construction Quality Assurance Plan. Testing documentation will be
forwarded to the Division for their review and approval.

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2.3 RUN-ON CONTROL SYSTEM

2.3.1 Peak Flow

The Rational Method, along with the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment
Planning and Design Manual, was used to determine peak flows in various drainage areas
on the site. The site was divided into several areas to efficiently size diversion ditches.
A 25-year, 24-hour storm event was used as the design basis.

2.3.2 Design and Performance

The run on control system consists of a series of ditches along the perimeter of the
landfill. Where access roads are adjacent to the landfill, the roadside ditch is sized and
used as part of the run on control system. The channels divert stormwater to the
sedimentation basin and/or away from the active section of the facility. Locations and
dimensions of culverts and conveyance channels are shown on the plans.
2.3.3 Construction

The perimeter diversion ditches have been constructed, or are to be constructed, in
accordance with the attached specifications. The construction inspection program will
include documentation of the dimensions of ditches (length, width, depth,) and slopes of
each ditch.

2.4 RUN-OFF CONTROL SYSTEM

2.4.1 Peak Flow

Peak flow has been determined using the Rational Method and the North Carolina
Erosion and Sediment Planning and Design Manual. A 25-year, 24-hour storm event was
used as the design basis. Runoff is to be collected into diversion ditches and directed to
the sedimentation basin located as shown on the plans. Peak flows to drainage structures
for Phase 1 site conditions are indicated in the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan
included in the Construction Plan Application.

2.4.2 Design and Performance

Permanent diversion berms will be used to reduce erosion on the slopes of the
landfill. The diversion berms will be placed to keep the overland flow from exceeding
200 feet, with most slope lengths less than 150 feet. The diversion berms discharge into
downchutes which empty into stormwater channels around the perimeter of the landfill
cell. The channels will carry flow to the sediment basin. Diversion berm channels are to
be lined with soil stabilization matting; downchutes are lined with an erosion control mat
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product called Flexamat®; perimeter channels will be either grass/matting or a
riprap/erosion control mat as shown on the drawings.

Runoff is collected in the sedimentation basin, allowing sediment to settle out and
controlling the outflow. The basin was designed previously using the North Carolina
Erosion and Sediment Planning and Design Manual as guidance. Design calculations for
the sedimentation basin were included in the previously submitted and approved
Construction Plan Application.

2.4.3 Construction

Construction and inspection of run-off features will be in accordance with the
specifications included in Attachment II-B of this plan and construction details contained
on the Drawings. The sedimentation basin was constructed with the development of
Phase 1.

2.5 LANDFILL GAS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2.5.1 System Design

Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL) being
detected in various probes, a landfill gas interception trench has been installed at the
facility. Initially, methane concentrations in GP-CD4 through GP-CD8, and GP-CD13
exceeded the LEL. Through further investigation of landfill gas migration limits,
monitoring of newly-constructed probes GP-CD6R and GP-CD8R indicated the presence
of methane, with GP-CD5R in exceedance of the LEL. Through the installation and
monitoring of probes GP-14 through GP-18 and a subsequent landfill gas migration
study, it was determined that a landfill gas interception trench should be installed along
the western perimeter of the waste disposal area. This trench has been installed since the
2012 C&D Permit Modification. The location of trenching and vents is shown on the
Permit Amendment Drawings. The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by Draper Aden
Associates, dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information,
proposed actions, plans and specifications for the landfill gas interception trench. The
Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by Draper Aden Associates dated December 16, 2009
contains additional background information, plans and specifications for the interception
trench.

A landfill gas venting system will be installed at the time of closure. The system
includes landfill gas vents within the waste footprint and a landfill gas collection layer
below the low-permeability component of the landfill cap. The gas venting system is
described in the Gas Control Plan included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report.
Additional venting may be necessary as determined in accordance with the Gas Control
Plan.

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2.5.2 Installation

Installation of the landfill gas interception trench, and of future landfill gas
management components if necessary, was in accordance with the specifications
contained in the Landfill Gas Remediation Plan.

2.5.3 Monitoring

Methane monitoring probes have been installed during the first phase of the
landfill. The probes are spaced around the perimeter of the landfill unit. Monitoring
frequency and techniques are described in the ‘Closure’ section of this report.

2.6 GROUNDWATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM

A groundwater quality monitoring plan is included as Attachment IV-E to the Operations
Report. The plan represents the controlling document for obtaining and analyzing representative
groundwater samples from the uppermost aquifer underlying the existing facility.

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3.0 FACILITY DESIGN SUMMARY

3.1 ANALYTICAL METHODS

The following landfill design features were determined with the aid of the described
analytical method:

3.1.1 Drainage and Erosion and Sediment Control

The Rational Method along with the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment
Control Planning and Design Manual, was used to determine peak flows in various
drainage basins on the site. The site was divided into several areas to efficiently size
diversion ditches. A 25 year 24- hour storm event was used as the design basis.

3.1.2 Storm Piping

The North Carolina Department of Transportation Drainage Manual was used to
determine the size of culverts needed. The Concrete Pipe Handbook, issued by the
American Concrete Pipe Association, was used to determine the class of pipe required for
the field conditions.

3.2 CRITICAL CONDITIONS

The critical conditions evaluated and assumptions made are described in each part of this
Engineering Plan for the particular system.

3.3 TECHNICAL REFERENCES

The following technical references were used in the design.

a. “Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual”, by the North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, the North Carolina Department of
Environmental Quality, and the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service.

b. North Carolina Department of Transportation Drainage Manual.

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3.4 LOCAL RESTRICTION DEMONSTRATIONS

3.4.1 Floodplains (Rule .0503 (1)(a))

The Site Plan Application indicates that “there are no floodplains on the proposed
site, and there are no floodplains within one-quarter mile radius of the proposed site”.

3.4.2 State Nature and Historic Preserve (Rule .0503 (1)(b))

The Site Plan Application indicates that “the site is not expected to cause an
adverse impact on a State Park, recreation or scenic area”. Attachment II-A contains a
study performed by Soil & Environmental Consultants, Inc. as a part of the Site Plan
Application, and correspondence from the DENR Division of Parks and Recreation on
significant natural areas in the landfill area.

3.4.3 Airport Safety (Rule .0503 (1)(c))

In accordance with Rule .10503(1)(c), “A new site disposing of putrescible wastes
shall not be located within 10,000 feet of an airport runway used by turbojet aircraft or
within 5,000 feet of an airport runway used by piston-type aircraft”. The Site Plan
Application indicates that “although this application is for non-putrescible waste, it
should be noted that there are no airport runways within 5000 feet of the site”. A copy of
portion of the USGS quadrangle sheet for the region is included in Attachment II-A.

3.4.4 Suitable Cover Soils (Rule .0503 (1)(d))

According to the Site Plan Application, borings that were done as a part of the site
study indicate that “it appears that suitable cover materials are available on site.
However, if the property is developed to its maximum potential, it appears likely that
borrow material for operational cover would need to be obtained from an adjacent
landfill-owned property. A detailed borrow study would be completed prior to site
development which would provide additional information concerning the quality and
quantity of on-site soils”. Suitable on-site and off-site soils will be used for weekly and
final cover. Testing of soils will be in accordance with the Construction Quality
Assurance Plan.

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4.0 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES

Initial site preparation consists of installing necessary erosion and sediment control
measures and clearing and grubbing of the project area. Construction includes earthwork and
grading, installation of portions of the cap as the landfill operation progresses, and construction
of drainage features.

Construction will be in accordance with the attached specifications. Construction
elevations and locations will be based on the benchmarks established in the field. If the points
are lost or destroyed or require relocation, new points will be established by professionally
qualified personnel. Field measurements will also be performed by qualified personnel.

Unforeseen subsurface or latent physical conditions that differ from the plans or
geotechnical report will be reported to the County and Engineer. Such unforeseen or differing
conditions may warrant further investigations and testing to confirm compliance with the landfill
construction design.

Copies of specifications, drawings, addenda, modifications, shop drawings, and samples
will be kept at the site. No change will be made during construction prior to the approval of the
site engineer and those changes will be noted on the records and the records will be made
available to the Engineer and County. Revised records will be delivered to the Engineer upon
completion of the work.

Photographs will be used to document progression of the work in conjunction with the as-
built records.

Sampling and testing procedures will be in accordance with the attached specifications.

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5.0 DESIGN HYDROGEOLOGIC REPORT

A Hydrogeologic Report is included as Section 4 of the Site Plan Application by Joyce
Engineering.
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Attachment II-A

ATTACHMENT II-A

RARE SPECIES AND SIGNIFICANT NATURAL AREAS

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Attachment II-B

ATTACHMENT II-B

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

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Attachment II-B

EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Section 01560 Erosion and Sediment Control
Section 01580 Project Coordination
Section 01720 Project Record Documents
Section 02110 Sitework Procedures
Section 02200 Earthwork
Section 02209 Erosion/Vegetative Support Layer (Cap Soil Cushion)
Section 02221 Trenching, Backfilling and Compacting
Section 02292 Infiltration Barrier Layer (Compacted Soil Cap)
Section 02420 Surface Runoff Collection System
Section 02480 Landfill Seeding
Section 13302 Geocomposite Drainage Net
Section 13320 Landfill Gas Vents
Section 13322 Landfill Gas Detection Probes
Section 15060 Pipe and Pipe Fittings

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Section 01560 - 1

SECTION 01560

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

Part 1 General

1.01. Requirements Include

Provide personnel, equipment, materials, and supplies to prevent erosion and control
sediment during the construction period. Comply with local and state erosion control
regulations. Comply with erosion and sediment controls as set forth on the construction
drawings. CONTRACTOR is solely responsible for control of erosion on site and is
responsible for taking any and all measures to prevent and control erosion. Measures
may be necessary above and beyond those shown on the drawings and CONTRACTOR
shall implement those additional measures. The CONTRACTOR shall install additional
measures required by the COUNTY but not shown on the plans. The CONTRACTOR
shall be entitled to compensation for additional measures that must be installed in the area
of the work shown on the plans, unless they are required solely for the CONTRACTOR’s
convenience or because of improvements or activities by the CONTRACTOR not shown
on the plans. Measures installed in conjunction with the development and operations of
borrow and stockpile areas shall be considered incidental to construction and additional
compensation will not be paid.

1.02. Related Requirements

North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual.

Part 2 Products

2.01. Filter Fabric Siltation Control Fences

Filter fabric used in siltation control fences (silt fence) shall be woven or non-woven
geotextile fabric which is resistant to ultra-violet light and specifically manufactured to
be used for silt fences. Acceptable manufacturers include Mirafi, Inc., Amoco, or
approved equal. Fence height shall be 36 inches.

2.02. Riprap

Riprap used shall be in accordance with NCDOT specifications.

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Section 01560 - 2

2.02. Permanent Erosion Control Matting (Flexamat ®)

Permanent waterways where higher flow velocities are anticipated such as stormwater
conveyance channels and downchutes will be lined with Flexamat ® concrete block mat
where indicated on the drawings. Flexamat is an alternative to rip-rap, and filter fabric or
gravel underlining as described in in the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control
Planning Design Manual, Spec. 6.15. Flexamat assists in the establishment of permanent
vegetation in waterways by reducing soil erosion of newly seeded waterways.

Flexamat consists of concrete blocks that are cast into a high strength polypropylene bi-
axial geogrid with a maximum spacing of 2". Concrete has a minimum compressive
strength of 4,000 psi at 28 days, and a minimum weight of 3 lb. per block. The
polypropylene bi-axial geogrid is designed to have an Ultimate Tensile Strength of 2000
lb/lf, and contains 2% Carbon Black Content for UV Stabilization. Flexamat Plus is
backed with degradable Curlex® II erosion control blanket. (www.flexamat.com).

Flexamat will be installed after the application of permanent seed, mulch and fertilizer in
accornce with Spec. 6.11 of the NC E&SC Planning Design Manual.

2.03. Erosion Control Blanket

Erosion Control Blanket shall be North American Green S150 or approved equal.

Part 3 Execution

3.01. General

Prior to significant disturbance of the site, perimeter erosion control shall be established
in order to prevent uncontrolled drainage from leaving the limits of construction or from
reaching State waters. Sediment barriers shall be constructed as soon as possible.

3.02. Installation

A. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the following activities:

B. A continuous siltation barrier shall be down slope from construction activities as
indicated on the plans to control sediment runoff. Barriers shall be placed around
stockpiled material subject to erosion.

C. Silt fences shall be installed as per the manufacturer's directions. The fence shall
be supported by wooden or metal posts driven at least two feet into the ground
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Section 01560 - 3

and spaced no further than eight feet apart. Eight inches of the fabric shall be put
in a trench facing the erosion source. The trench shall be backfilled after placing
the fabric.

C. Flexamat ® channel lining shall be installed per the manufacturer's specifications.
The product shall be placed over the finished channel grade following the
installation of seed, mulch and fertilizer. Panels shall be overlapped and secured
per the manufacturers specifications.

D. CONTRACTOR shall inspect erosion and sediment control features at least
weekly and after each rain storm. Make necessary repairs or clean-up to maintain
the effectiveness of the feature immediately.

Part 4 Maintenance

A. In general, erosion and sediment control measures will be checked weekly by the
CONTRACTOR and after each significant rainfall. Temporary and permanent
seeding shall be completed in accordance with Section 02480. The following will
be checked in particular:

1. Silt fences for signs of clogging.

2. Sediment basin to verify adequacy and to make sure the outfalls and
connecting existing grades have positive slope away from the disposal
unit.

3. Check dams for signs of clogging.

4. Perimeter surface berms for signs of erosion damage and adequacy.
5. Flexamat channels shall be inspected for evidence of bare soil or damage
to the mat structure. Re-apply seed and much if necessary. Damaged
sections shall be replaced with new panels or panel sections as
recommended by the manufacturer.

B. Upon finding that a measure has failed or filled, the CONTRACTOR shall repair
said measure at no additional cost to the COUNTY.

C. It shall be the sole responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to adequately control
dust which is created as a result of their construction activity.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 01580 - 1

SECTION 01580

PROJECT COORDINATION

Part 1 General

1.01. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for coordinating construction activities with their
subcontractors and with the COUNTY to maintain the uninterrupted use of the active
landfill.

1.02. CONTRACTOR shall coordinate construction activities with other Contractors on the
site.

1.03. Additionally, the CONTRACTOR shall cooperate fully with the COUNTY about landfill
operating hours, and shall confirm that gates are locked and access to the public
controlled after landfill hours.

Part 2 Products

Not Used

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Superintendent

CONTRACTOR shall identify personnel as superintendent of the site in writing to the
COUNTY and Engineer. The CONTRACTOR’s superintendent shall maintain a
presence at the site during all construction activities related to the project. The
superintendent shall not be changed without the consent of the COUNTY unless the
superintendent ceases to be employed by the CONTRACTOR.

3.02. Access

Every CONTRACTOR, subcontractor, supplier, or delivery vehicle using the landfill
entrance shall stop at the scales and identify themselves to the landfill staff before
entering the site. Repeated violations of this requirement may result in the subcontractor
or supplier being barred from the site.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 01720 - 1

SECTION 01720

PROJECT RECORD DOCUMENTS

Part 1 General

Throughout progress of work, maintain an accurate record of changes in the Contract
Documents. Upon completion of work, transfer the recorded changes to a set of Record
Documents. This includes modifications to piping, roads, utilities, grading structures, limits of
waste placement, and monitoring devices.

Part 2 Products

Not Used

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Accuracy of Records

Thoroughly coordinate changes within the Record Documents, making adequate and
proper entries on each page of Specifications and each sheet of Drawings and other
documents where such entry is required to properly show the change. Record accuracy
shall be such that future searches for items shown in Contract Documents may reasonably
rely on information obtained from approved Record Documents.

3.02. Timing of Entries

Make entries within 24 hours after receipt of information.

3.03. Submittals

The Engineer's approval of current status of Record Documents shall be a prerequisite to
the Engineer's approval of requests for progress payment and request for final payment
under Contract.

3.04. Protection of Documents

Use all means necessary to maintain the job set of Record Documents completely
protected from deterioration and from loss and damage until completion of Work and
transfer of recorded data to the final Record Documents.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 01720 - 2

3.05. Making Entries on Documents

Using an erasable colored pencil (not ink or indelible pencil), clearly describe the change
by note and by graphic line, as required. Date entries. Call attention to entry by a
"cloud" around the area or areas affected.

3.06. Conversion of Schematic Layouts

In some cases on the Drawings, arrangement of conduits and circuits, piping, and other
similar items is shown schematically and is not intended to portray precise physical
layout. Final physical arrangement is as determined by the CONTRACTOR, subject to
the Engineer's approval. Design of future modifications of the facility may require
accurate information as to the final physical arrangement of items which are shown only
schematically on the Drawings. The Engineer may waive the requirements for
conversion of schematic data where, in the Engineer's judgment, such conversion serves
no beneficial purpose. However, do not rely upon waivers being issued except as
specifically issued in writing by the Engineer.

3.07. Accuracy of Entries

Use all means necessary, including the proper tools for measurement, to determine actual
locations of the installed items.

3.08. Final Documents

A. The purpose of the final Record Documents is to provide factual information
regarding all aspects of Work, both concealed and visible, to enable future
modification of the design to proceed without lengthy and expensive site
measurement, investigation, and examination.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for maintaining an accurate set of
Record Drawings on the construction site. Record Drawings shall accurately
reflect grades and locations and changes or modifications to the plans. Upon
completion of the project, the Record Drawings shall be submitted to the QA
Engineer.

C. The Final Record Documents shall include a bound record of Quality Control
Tests performed by the CONTRACTOR on materials and workmanship and
certification of the soil fill, piping, and appurtenances.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02110 - 1

SECTION 02110

SITEWORK PROCEDURES

Part 1 General

1.01. Scope

Sitework shall include site preparation of the capping of the disposal areas, earthwork, and
site improvements.

1.02. Related Requirements

Section 01560 Erosion and Sediment Control
Section 02200 Earthwork

1.03. Quality Assurance

A. Prior to beginning work, become thoroughly familiar with site conditions and
sections of the Division.

B. Comply with pertinent codes and regulations.

1.04. Permits

Obtain required permits from appropriate authorities before sitework begins.

1.05. Maintaining Traffic

A. Do not close or obstruct roadways.

B. Conduct operations with minimum interference to landfill access road.

Part 2 Products

Not Used

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02110 - 2

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Site Inspection

Prior to work of this division, carefully inspect the entire site and objects designated to be
removed and to be preserved.

3.02. Clarification

The drawings do not propose to show all objects existing on the site. Before commencing
work in this Division, verify with the Engineer objects not clearly identified to be removed
or to be preserved and discrepancies not fully resolved.

3.03. Prior Conditions Inspections

Prior to work of this section, carefully inspect the existing conditions. In the event of
discrepancy, immediately notify the COUNTY and do not proceed with installation in non-
conforming areas until identified discrepancies have been fully resolved.

3.04. Protection and Safety

Verify required protection devices are in place and operational.

3.05. Preparation and Layout

A. Establish extent of sitework by area and elevations; designate and identify datum
elevation.

B. Set required lines and levels.

C. Maintain bench marks, monuments and other reference points.

3.06. Excess Water Control

A. Do not place, spread, or roll fill material during unfavorable weather conditions. Do
not resume operations until moisture content and fill density are satisfactory.

B. Provide berms or channels to run-off into subgrade; promptly remove water
collecting in depressions.

C. Provide and maintain at all times during construction, ample means and devises with
which to promptly remove and dispose of water from every source entering the
excavations. De-water by means which will promote dry excavations and the
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02110 - 3

preservation of the final lines and grades of bottoms of excavations.

3.07. Surplus Materials

A. Remove surplus backfill materials from site, or as otherwise directed by COUNTY.

B. Leave stockpile areas completely free of excess fill materials.

3.08. Removal of Debris

A. Promptly remove cleared debris from site.

B. Remove surplus equipment and tools from the site.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02200 - 1

SECTION 02200

EARTHWORK

Part 1 General

The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing labor, equipment,
and materials to perform excavation and other earth moving operations, including construction
and maintenance of necessary haul roads, structural fills and berms. This section does not
pertain to the cap infiltration barrier layer or the cap cushion layer.

Part 2 Products

2.01. Fill Material - General

A. It is intended that on site soils and broken or weathered rock will be used as fill
material to the extent possible.

B. If off-site soils are to be used, the CONTRACTOR shall identify the source a
minimum of 3 weeks in advance of intent to import. The COUNTY’s Quality
Control personnel shall be given access to the site to obtain necessary samples for
testing and proofing of the soil material.

2.02. Suitable Fill and Backfill

A. Suitable soil for fill and backfill shall be free of roots, limbs, trash, excessive
organics and deleterious material. The maximum particle size for suitable soil
shall be three inches in the top 12” of fill, and six inches within the next 24” of fill
depth. Refer to the table below. Where the fill is deeper than 36”, the maximum
particle sizes shown in the table occasionally will be allowed if placed at the base
of the fill and compaction of soil is performed around the individual pieces of
rock using a suitable combination of mechanical equipment and/or powered hand
equipment.

Fill Depth Maximum Particle Size
Up to 12” 3”
12” to 36” 6”
36” to 60” 18”
60” + 36”

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02200 - 2

B. Soil will meet the classification of SM, SC, ML, CL, or CL-ML by ASTM D2487
standards. Minimum soil properties will be as follows:

 Liquid Limit (LL) ≥ 20
 Plastic Limit (PL) ≥ 10
 Plasticity Index (PI) ≥ 10

The CQA Engineer shall approve soils.

2.03. Unsuitable Soil and Backfill

Unsuitable soil for fill and backfill shall be topsoil or soil containing roots, limbs, trash,
excessive organics or deleterious material. In addition, unsuitable soil shall be soil not
meeting the requirements of Section 2.02, above.

Part 3 Execution

3.01. General

A. Strip topsoil to full depth, stockpile separate from other excavated materials and
pile free of roots, stones, and other undesirable materials. Follow guidelines in
the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning Design Manual to
control erosion. Depressions caused by removal of stumps or the clearing
operation shall be excavated to firm subgrade.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall perform excavations described in whatever substance
encountered to dimensions and elevations shown on the drawings. Excavation
shall be unclassified.

C. Existing utilities, structures, and fencing shall be protected during the construction
period, and if damaged or removed by the CONTRACTOR, shall be repaired or
replaced by the CONTRACTOR at no additional cost to the COUNTY.

D. The COUNTY shall retain a Quality Assurance Officer to monitor Earthwork
included in this section. The QAO shall be present on site during subgrade
approval and fill and backfill operations.

3.02. Subgrade Approval

Subsequent to clearing, grubbing and stripping, subgrades to receive structures or fill
shall be evaluated prior to fill placement by the QAO. Such evaluation shall include the
observation of subgrade performance during proofrolling with a loaded tandem dump
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02200 - 3

truck provided by the CONTRACTOR. At least three passes are to be made with a fully
loaded tandem dump truck. Areas which are deemed unsuitable for fill placement by the
QAO shall be clearly identified by horizontal and vertical extent with recommendations
for improvements and submitted to the Engineer for further action. Written approval of
subgrade preparation must be provided by the QAE and QAO prior to placement of the
infiltration barrier layer.

3.03. Moisture Content

Fill and backfill soil shall be compacted at a moisture content within a range of + 3% of
the optimum moisture content, unless otherwise approved by the QAE. As required, fill
and backfill soil shall be dried by aerating with a scarifier, disc harrow, blade or other
equipment or by such other means as may be necessary. As required, fill and backfill soil
shall be wetted by the use of water trucks or sprinklers. Dried or wetted fill or backfill
soil shall be thoroughly mixed to provide a material of uniform moisture content.

3.04. Depth and Mixing of Fill Layers

Fill and backfill soil shall be placed in layers which when compacted shall generally not
exceed six inches (6"). Each layer shall be spread evenly and shall be thoroughly bladed
and mixed during the spreading to confirm uniformity of material in each layer. See 2.02
regarding maximum particle sizes and soil classification.

3.05. Compaction of Fill

A. Compaction of each layer, unless otherwise specified, as shown on the Contract
Drawings and determined in the field shall be continuous over its entire area and
the compaction equipment shall make sufficient trips such that the required
density has been obtained. After each layer has been placed, mixed and spread
evenly, it shall be thoroughly compacted in six inch (6") maximum compacted
thickness lifts. The minimum dry density of the soil shall be at least ninety five
percent (95) of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698 (standard
Proctor) under structures, paved areas, or embankments, unless otherwise shown
on the Contract Drawings. Where large pieces of broken, weathered rock are
placed in the fill, soil shall be compacted around the rock with hand operated
mechanical equipment.

B. Compaction equipment shall be of such design that it will be able to compact the
fill to the specified density. Prior to placing the fill, at the preconstruction
meeting or a minimum of 7 days prior to usage, the CONTRACTOR shall submit
to the CQA Engineer, for approval, a list of compaction equipment to be used.
The CQA Engineer shall have 7 days to approve or disapprove the list. The list
shall include the type of equipment, manufacturer and size.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02200 - 4

C. If, in the opinion of the CQA Engineer, the compaction equipment is not
acceptable, the CONTRACTOR may demonstrate the suitability of such
equipment in a test area within the prepared fill site.

D. Fill faces shall be compacted. Compacting operations shall be continued until the
slope faces are stable but not too dense for planting and there is no appreciable
amount of loose soil on the surface.

E. Surfaces to receive a subsequent lift shall be scarified in order to tie the lifts
together. Acceptable scarification shall include complete coverage of the liner
surface with a partially penetrating or fully penetrating roller, or with partially
penetrating pads on a dozer. No smooth surface shall remain prior to placement of a
lift.

3.06. Quality Control

See Construction Quality Assurance Plan.

3.07. Surface Water

Fill areas shall be kept free of standing water with positive drainage maintained. Sloping
of the fill surface and drainage ditches shall be provided to carry off water as it collects.
Pumping of water shall be required to remove water from areas which cannot drain
naturally. Water removed by pumping will be deposited such that it will be routed to an
on-site drainage ditch and then to the sediment basin.

3.08. Seasonal Limits

No fill material shall be placed, spread or rolled while the ground is frozen or thawing, or
during unfavorable weather conditions. When the work is interrupted by inclement
weather, fill operations shall not be resumed until the moisture content and density of the
previously placed fill are as specified. Fill surfaces exposed to inclement weather or
standing water shall be scarified to a depth of 6 inches, compacted and tested prior to
placing addition fill lifts.

3.09. Integrity of the Work

It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility to maintain the integrity of the work.
Work which is damaged by weather or construction activities shall be restored and
retested at the CONTRACTOR's expense.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02209 - 1

SECTION 02209
EROSION/VEGETATIVE SUPPORT LAYER (CAP SOIL CUSHION)

Part 1 General
1.01. Requirements Included

Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to excavate, haul, and place a minimum
twelve (12) inch erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) above the infiltration
barrier layer according to the plans and a minimum six (6) inch layer of topsoil or
amended soil above the erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) to promote
vegetative growth.
1.02. Related Requirements

Construction Quality Assurance Manual

Part 2 Products
2.01. Erosion/Vegetative Support Layer

A. The erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) shall be soil free of debris,
roots and other organic matter, frozen material, sharp objects or other harmful
matter that may damage the cap. This soil shall have no particle size greater than
2 inches. The soil used in the erosion/vegetative support layer shall be a fine-
grained soil, based on the Unified Soil Classification System, capable of
supporting vegetative growth.

B. Soil for the erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) shall come from either
on-site stockpiles or off-site sources.
C. Laboratory tests will be required in accordance with the Construction Quality
Assurance Manual.

2.02. Topsoil or Amended Soil Layer

Topsoil shall be capable of promoting and sustaining vegetative growth. The topsoil
shall be either topsoil or soil mixed with other suitable organic amendment. The soil or
soil mixture shall be free of debris, large roots, stumps, or frozen material.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02209 - 2

Part 3 Execution

3.01. The erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) shall be a uniformly spread lift of soil
with a minimum thickness of twelve (12) inches. Compaction shall be limited to tracking
equipment. Surface roughen the final layer.

3.02. The topsoil or amended soil layer shall be a uniformly spread lift with a minimum
thickness of six (6) inches. Compaction shall be limited to tracking equipment. Surface
roughen the top.

3.03. The finished grade shall be as shown on the plans, or as determined by field conditions.

3.04. Pumping and rutting of the erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) will not be
permitted. Where required, haul roads shall be constructed on the cap of sufficient depths
for the operation of pans or other earth moving equipment without rutting or pumping.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02221 - 1

SECTION 02221

TRENCHING, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTING

Part 1 General

1.01 Requirements Included

Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to excavate and backfill trenches for
stormwater piping as shown on the plans.

1.02 Related Requirements

Construction Quality Assurance Plan
Section 02200 Earthwork

Part 2 Products

Included in Part 3.

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Clearing

The sites of work shall be cleared of trees, shrubs, paving and objectionable material which
interfere with execution of proposed work. Trees and shrubs which will not interfere with
construction shall be protected from damage. Clearing of site will be considered as an
incidental item of excavation.

3.02. Classification of Excavated Materials

Excavated materials shall be unclassified.

3.03. Stockpiling of Excavated Materials

Excavated material shall be stockpiled in a manner that will not endanger or obstruct the
work.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02221 - 2

3.04. Sheeting and Shoring

Sheeting and shoring shall be furnished in accordance with the provisions of OSHA and as
necessary to construct and protect the excavation, existing utilities, structures of all types,
and as necessary for the safety of the employees.

3.05. Dewatering

Where conditions are such that running or standing water occurs in the trench bottom or the
soil in the trench bottom displays a "quick" tendency, the water should be removed by
pumps and suitable means such as well points or pervious underdrain bedding until the pipe
has been installed and the backfill has been placed to a sufficient height to prevent pipe
flotation.

3.06. Material

A. Suitable Material

Backfilling shall normally be done with the earth removed from the trench or
excavation, provided that the excavated material is suitable for backfilling.

B. Unsuitable Material

Material such as clay mass, frozen materials, cinders, ashes, refuse, and vegetable
or organic material shall be construed as unsuitable material for backfill.

C. Approved Granular Material

Granular material shall be well graded crushed stone meeting the requirements of
Class I Select Backfill Material as specified in Section 1016 of the North Carolina
Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures.

3.07. Excavation for Trenches

A. General

Excavation for trenches shall conform to the lines and grades shown on the
approved drawings. Excavated material shall be removed and used for backfilling
where suitable.

B. Pipe

The trench shall be excavated to a level below the established pipe grade in
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02221 - 3

accordance with the requirements for bedding as specified below. Bell holes shall
be provided at each joint to permit proper joint assembly and pipe support. Any
part of the trench bottom that is excavated below the required level shall be
backfilled with approved granular material and compacted to a minimum 95
percent of theoretical maximum density as determined by ASTM D698.

3.08. Trench Width

Trench width at the ground surface may vary with and depend upon depth, type of soils, and
position of surface structures. The minimum clear width of the trench, sheeted or unsheeted,
measured at the springline of the pipe should be one foot greater than the outside diameter of
the pipe. The maximum clear width of the trench at the top of the pipe should not exceed a
width equal to the pipe outside diameter plus two feet. If the above defined trench widths
must be exceeded or if the pipe is installed in a compacted embankment, pipe embedment
should be compacted to a point of at least 2.5 pipe diameters from the pipe on both sides of
the pipe or the trench walls, whichever is less. Excavation at manholes and similar
structures shall be sufficient to provide 12 inches in the clear between the outside of the
structure and the embankment or sheeting.

3.09. Unsuitable Subgrade

A. Unstable Foundation

When an unstable foundation is encountered which will not provide adequate pipe
support, additional trench depth shall be excavated to a stable foundation and
backfilled with approved granular material.

B. Rock

Where the bottom of the trench at subgrade is rock, excavation shall be carried at
least six inches below the specified subgrade and restored to subgrade with
compacted approved granular material.

3.10. Bedding

Pipe bedding must be tested by the CQA Engineer in order to meet the following
requirements:

A. Fine aggregate bedding shall meet requirements for fine aggregates, Section 1005,
NCDOT Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures.

B. Coarse aggregate bedding shall meet requirements for coarse aggregates, Section
1005, NCDOT Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02221 - 4

Compact pipe bedding by tamping or rodding to reduce settlement.

3.11. Backfilling Trenches

A. General

Trenches shall be backfilled immediately after the pipes and appurtenances are
laid therein.

B. Initial Backfill

Initial backfill shall begin at the top of the bedding and shall be placed in six inch
layers up to a level at least one foot above the crown of the pipe. Initial backfill
shall be compacted to a minimum 95 percent of theoretical maximum density as
determined by ASTM D698. No lumps greater than two inches in diameter shall
be allowed in initial backfill material. Backfill under roadways shall be approved
granular materials.

C. Final Backfill

Backfill for trenches not subjected to vehicular traffic shall be placed in layers no
greater than one foot thick and compacted to at least 95 percent maximum density
as determined by ASTM D 698.

D. Moisture Content

Backfill soil shall be compacted at a moisture content within a range of the
optimum moisture content which allows for the required compaction. As
required, backfill soil shall be dried by aerating with a scarifier, disc harrow,
blade or other equipment or by such other means as may be necessary. As
required, fill and backfill soil shall be wetted by the use of water trucks or
sprinklers. Dried or wetted fill or backfill soil shall be thoroughly mixed to
provide a material of uniform moisture content.

3.12. Restoration

A. General

Physical improvements disturbed by the work shall be restored to conditions
equal to or better than those existing prior to the work. Repair of damages to
structures and utilities shall be the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02221 - 5

B. Drainage Structures

Ditches, culverts, and other drainage structures which are damaged shall be
restored promptly. Drainage structures shall be kept open and functional at all
times.

C. Finished Grading and Cleanup

Where possible, ground surface shall be left rounded and slightly higher than
surrounding ground to allow for further settlement. Finished areas around
structures shall be graded smooth and hand raked and shall meet the elevations
and contours as shown on the Drawings. Lumber, earth clods or rocks larger than
four inches and other undesirable materials shall be removed from the site at the
completion of construction. Clean up shall be done as promptly as practicable
and/or at least once a week. Ditches which are disturbed shall be restored as
promptly as practical and/or at least once a week. CONTRACTOR shall maintain
sediment and erosion control measures in accordance with Section 01560.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02292 - 1

SECTION 02292
INFILTRATION BARRIER LAYER (COMPACTED SOIL CAP)

Part 1 General
1.01. Requirements Included

Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to excavate, supply, and place the soil
needed to construct the eighteen (18) inch thick soil cap for the completed landfill
disposal areas in accordance with the plans.
1.02. Related Requirements

A. Construction Quality Assurance Manual

Part 2 Products
2.01. Soil Characteristics

A. The soil for the cap shall come from on-site stockpiles (if stockpiles are available)
or approved off-site sources. This soil shall be soil free of organics and shall
generally contain no particles larger than 3/4 inches in a dimension. The soil may
contain up to 5% by weight particles larger than 3/4 inches but smaller than 1 1/2
inches. The soil shall contain no particles larger than 1 1/2 inches in a dimension.
The excavation of this material shall be directed by the QAO.

B. The soil shall have a permeability of 1 x 10-5 centimeters per second, or less,
when compacted to the acceptable density and moisture content ranges, as
determined from laboratory testing.

C. Soil will meet the classification of SM, SC, ML, CL, or CL-ML by ASTM D2487
standards. Minimum soil properties will be as follows:

 Liquid Limit (LL) ≥ 20
 Plastic Limit (PL) ≥ 10
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02292 - 2

 Plasticity Index (PI) ≥ 10
2.02. Soil Documentation

Testing shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Construction Quality
Assurance Manual.

Part 3 Execution
3.01. Subgrade Preparation

Prior to material placement, the existing subgrade (intermediate/weekly cover) shall be
smooth and free of surface defects. No ponded water or soft areas in the subgrade shall
be allowed. Subgrade shall be approved by the QAO prior to material placement.
3.02. Spreading and Compaction

A. The landfill cap shall be placed in uniform, compacted six-inch lifts, or as
determined from the test pad construction. The method of compaction shall be
approved by the QAO prior to placement. At a minimum, it shall be compacted
with equipment weighing at least 50,000 pounds. Lifts shall be placed and
compacted orthogonally. The cap shall not be allowed to freeze during
construction.

B. Vibratory or smooth drum rollers are not to be used for compaction of the soil
cap. The surface of a compacted lift may be smooth rolled at the end of the day to
increase runoff in the event of rainfall. Surfaces smooth rolled shall be scarified
with equipment prior to placement of the subsequent lift.

C. After spreading is completed, the soil shall be compacted such that the field
density test results plot within the acceptable permeability range as described in
2.01 above. In no instance shall the dry density be less than 90% of the maximum
dry density and the moisture content drier of optimum.

D. Surfaces to receive a subsequent lift shall be scarified in order to tie the lifts
together. Acceptable scarification shall include complete coverage of the cap
surface with a partially penetrating or fully penetrating roller, or with partially
penetrating pads on a dozer. No smooth surface shall remain prior to placement of a
cap lift.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02292 - 3

3.03. Test Pad
A. Prior to beginning of soil cap construction, the CONTRACTOR shall construct a test
pad to determine if the required permeability can be obtained using the specified
compaction equipment and lift thickness. The test pad shall be used to check if the
methods used to interconnect lifts and compact the cap are sufficient to remold the
soil and achieve the required permeability.

B. The test pad shall have a minimum width of 50 feet, and a length of at least 100 feet.
The test pad shall be at least 24 inches in thickness and shall be representative of full
scale construction. The test pad shall incorporate one-half of its length on maximum
side slopes and one-half on minimum slopes. Thus, the construction methods will
be applicable to both the maximum and minimum grades.
C. Testing shall be conducted on the test pad in accordance with the Construction
Quality Assurance Manual.

D. Additional tests pads shall be required for each change in cap soil used and for
changes in compaction equipment used in cap construction.

E. If a permeameter test fails, two replicate tests for the failed test will be conducted. If
both replicate tests pass, the test pad section shall be considered as passing. If either
replicate test fails, the test pad section shall be considered as failing. If the density or
moisture content of the test pad does not fall within the acceptable range determined
by laboratory testing, then the test pad shall be reworked at the CONTRACTOR’S
expense.
3.04. Field Tests

In accordance with the Construction Quality Assurance Manual.
3.05. Cover

As soon as possible after successful testing, the soil cap shall be covered with the
erosion/vegetative support layer (soil cushion) in accordance with Section 02209.
3.06. Penetrations

Where the cap is penetrated by landfill gas vents, a 50% bentonite seal shall be provided
for a minimum two (2) feet in all directions from the penetration. The area surrounding
the penetration shall be handworked.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02292 - 4

3.07. Density Tests

Field density tests will be performed by the COUNTY to verify the compaction of each
lift of fill. Density tests shall be taken in the compacted soil below the disturbed surface.
3.08. Surface Water

Fill areas shall be kept free of standing water with positive drainage maintained. Sloping
of the fill surface and drainage ditches shall be provided to carry off water as it collects.
Pumping of water shall be required to remove water from areas that cannot drain
naturally. Water removed by pumping will be deposited such that it will be routed to an
on-site drainage ditch and then to the sediment basin.
3.09. Seasonal Limits

No fill material shall be placed, spread or rolled while the ground is frozen or thawing, or
during extreme wet weather conditions. When the work is interrupted by inclement
weather, fill operations shall not be resumed until the moisture content and density of the
previously placed fill are as specified. Fill surfaces exposed to inclement weather or
standing water shall be scarified to a depth of 6 inches, compacted and tested prior to
placing addition fill lifts.

3.10. Integrity of the Work

It shall be the CONTRACTOR’S responsibility to maintain the integrity of the work.
Work that is damaged by weather or construction activities shall be restored and retested
at the CONTRACTOR’S expense.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02420 - 1

SECTION 02420

SURFACE RUNOFF COLLECTION SYSTEM

Part 1 General

1.01. Requirements Included

Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to construct a surface runoff collection and
diversion system.

1.02. Related Requirements

Section 01560 Erosion And Sediment Control
Section 02480 Landfill Seeding

Part 2 Products

2.01. Channels and Berms

Surface runoff collection and perimeter surface berms shall be promptly seeded by the
COUNTY following construction in accordance with Section 02480.

2.02. Riprap

Riprap shall be in accordance with Section 1042 of the NCDOT Standard Specifications
for Roads and Bridges.

2.03. Flexamat

Flexamat® channel lining shall be in accordance with the details. Flexamat shall be
installed in all downchutes and where indicated in drainage channels.

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Channels and Berms

A. Surface runoff collection and perimeter surface berms shall be installed in the
locations shown on the drawings. Collection and diversion ditches shall be
accurately constructed to the dimensions and grades shown on the drawings.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02420 - 2

B. Perimeter surface berms shall have a minimum grade of 1.0%

3.02. Erosion Control Features

A. Erosion control facilities shall be installed where indicated on the plans and in
accordance with Section 01560.

B. Riprap shall be placed in the locations shown on the drawings and to the
dimensions specified. Filter fabric shall be used under the riprap in drainage
ditches. The riprap shall be placed in a manner to prevent damage to the filter
fabric. The riprap shall be placed in accordance with Section 868 of the NCDOT
Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges.

C. Flexamat shall be installed per the manufacturer’s specifications.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02480 - 1

SECTION 02480

LANDFILL SEEDING

Part 1 General

1.01. Requirements Included

Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to completely furnish, install, maintain and
guarantee seeding and seeding items shown on the drawings and specified in the
specifications. Place mulch as specified. Place fertilizer and lime as required by soil
testing.

1.02. Related Requirements

Section 01560 Erosion and Sediment Control
North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual

1.03. Guarantee

A. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all phases of seeding as specified up
to the final acceptance. Dependent upon the season, the CONTRACTOR may
have to provide a temporary winter or summer cover crop that will eventually be
incorporated into the soil prior to seeding in the appropriate spring and fall
seasons.

B. Areas that fails to develop a successful stand following seeding will be reseeded at
the CONTRACTOR's expense. The CONTRACTOR shall establish a permanent
vegetative cover with a 90% uniform stand of specified grasses in all areas. Bare
areas shall be reseeded every 21 days. Eroded areas shall be repaired prior to
reseeding. Once grass has been successfully established, the CONTRACTOR shall
maintain the area for 60 days.

1.04. Submittals

A. Submit three (3) copies of the following manufacturer’s certificates of conformance
for review and approval approximately 1 month before placement.

1. Seed
2. Fertilizer

B. The CONTRACTOR shall test topsoil to be used on the project to determine the
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02480 - 2

proper application of lime and fertilizer. Representative samples shall be taken
for existing topsoil and separate samples for each separate source of new topsoil
to be brought into the job site.

C. A soil sample analysis report shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to seeding
operations. Lime, fertilizer requirements, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
magnesium and pH levels shall be tested for each sample and amendment
recommendations provided in the soil analysis report.

Part 2 Products

2.01. Temporary Seeding Mixture

Temporary seed mixture shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the North Carolina
Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. The actual seed used will vary
with the seasons, but shall be certified to be high in percent germination and a variety
adapted to the locality.

2.02. Permanent Seeding Mixture

A. Permanent seed mixture shall be in accordance with Table 6.11k of of the North
Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual.

B. The COUNTY reserves the right to revise the seed mixture.

C. Seeds shall be certified high in percent germination and a variety adapted to North
Carolina shall be used. Seed shall be of the latest season’s crop with a minimum
of 80% germination rate. Mix seed on site or in the presence of the QAO. Weed
seeds and inert matter shall not exceed 0.25% (one fourth of one percent) of total
seed content. Seed should be free of noxious weeds.

2.03. Topsoil or Amended Soil

Topsoil shall be capable of promoting and sustaining vegetative growth. The topsoil shall
be either approved off-site topsoil or soil from an on-site stockpile or off-site source mixed
with other suitable organic amendment. The soil or soil mixture shall be free of debris, large
roots, stumps, or frozen material. The topsoil shall have a pH between 5 and 7.6, contain at
least 2 percent organic matter, and have a maximum particle size of two (2) inches.

2.04. Mulch

A. Mulch shall be free of noxious weeds, molds, or other deleterious material.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02480 - 3

Mulch/straw should be cured and mulched from the stalks of oats, wheat, barley,
or rice. Furnish in air-dry condition. Do not use rye straw. Other materials may
be used with prior written approval by the CQA Engineer. Mulch shall be well
seasoned before bailing, free from mature seed-bearing stalks or roots of prohibited
or noxious weeds.

B. Apply mulch at a rate of 2 tons per acre (approximately 89-45 pound bales per acre).
Mulch weight shall be dry weight. Fiber mulch applied during hydroseeding
operations shall not be considered as part of the 2 tons per acre.

2.05. Fertilizer

A. Fertilizer shall be granular, commercial grade, dry, free flowing, uniform in
composition, non-burning product composed of not less than 50% organic slow
acting, guaranteed analysis professional fertilizer.

B. Fertilizer shall be delivered to the site in the original, unopened containers, each
bearing the manufacturer’s guaranteed analysis. Fertilizer which becomes caked
or otherwise damaged, making it unsuitable for use, will not be accepted. No
cyanamide or hydrated lime shall be permitted in mixed fertilizer.

C. The CONTRACTOR shall perform soil tests to determine the quantity and analysis
of fertilizer required.

2.06. Limestone
A. Ground limestone shall contain not less than 85% of total carbonates and shall be
pelletized agricultural grade. Calcareous limestone shall contain at least 50%
magnesium oxide and dolomitic limestone shall contain at least 40% magnesium
oxide. Burned or slaked limestone is not permitted.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall perform soil tests to determine the quantity of lime
required.

2.07. Water

The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for furnishing potable water free from
substances harmful to seed growth. CONTRACTOR shall furnish related equipment
such as hoses, sprinklers, tanks, or other methods of transportation.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02480 - 4

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Delivery, Storage, and Handling

A. Fertilizer and Lime

Deliver materials to the site in the original, unopened containers showing the
weight, chemical analysis, and manufacturer’s name. In lieu of containers, bulk
fertilizer and lime can be used only if appropriate certificates accompany each
delivery.

B. Seed

Deliver seed to the site in original sealed packages bearing the producer’s
guaranteed analysis for percentages of mixtures, purity, germination, weed
content, and inert material. Wet, moldy, outdated, or otherwise damaged seed
will be rejected.

C. Storage and Handling

Store lime, fertilizer, and seed in dry locations away from contaminants. Protect
seed from drying out. When handling materials, do not drop or dump from
vehicles.

3.02. Temporary Seeded Areas

A. Areas designated on the plans as requiring temporary seeding and areas of the site
not to be constructed within 15 consecutive calendar days of final grading shall be
seeded as soon as possible after the disturbance in the area is completed. The
temporary seeding shall be in accordance with the of the North Carolina Erosion and
Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual.

B. Prior to seeding, the surface of the area to be seeded shall be prepared by removing
depressions and ruts. Care shall be taken to avoid compaction of the surface. The
area shall be prepared by breaking up the surface of the soil.

C. Areas which fail to establish adequate vegetative cover adequate to limit rill erosion
will be reseeded as soon as such areas are identified.

3.03. Permanent Seeded Areas

A. Permanent seeding shall be accomplished on final grades, on cut and fill slopes, on
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02480 - 5

access roads, surface water diversion ditches, rough-graded areas that will not be
brought to final grade for a year or more and other areas as required. The required
seed mixture shall be applied as soon as possible after the area is brought to final
grade as per the plans. No seeding shall occur between November 16th and
February 1st unless so approved by the COUNTY.

B. The area to be seeded shall be prepared by removing large ruts or surface
depressions and by breaking up the surface of the soil. The soil shall be tested and
lime, fertilizer, and, if necessary, inoculate bacteria shall be incorporated into the top
soil.

C. Areas which fail to establish adequate vegetative cover will be re-seeded as soon as
such areas are identified.

3.04. Application of Materials

A. In general, materials shall be applied by hand or equipment. If hydroseeding is used,
mixing shall be done at the job site and care shall be exercised to avoid damaging
the seeds during mixing or application.

B. Notify QAO at least seven working days prior to start of seeding operations.

C. Preparation

1. After areas required to be seeded have been brought to the required grade,
thoroughly till to a minimum depth of 2 inches by scarifying, disking,
harrowing, or other approved method. Remove debris and stone larger
than one inch remaining on the surface after tilling. Tilling will be
necessary prior to seeding as well as when the summer or winter species
must be eradicated.

2. Limit preparation to areas which will be immediately seeded.

D. Topsoil/Organically Amended Soil

Areas shall have topsoil (or an approved organically amended soil) uniformly
distributed and evenly spread to a thickness of not less than six (6) inches.

E. Lime

Apply the rate and amount of lime necessary to maintain the areas at a pH level of
6 to 6.8. Soil analysis report of existing conditions and pH level will designate
the amount of lime necessary to bring the soil to the acceptable levels.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02480 - 6

F. Fine Grade

Fine grade seed areas to smooth, even surface with loose, uniformly fine texture.
Roll, rake, and drag areas, remove ridges and fill depressions, as required to meet
finish grades. Moisten prepared areas before planting if soil is dry. Water
thoroughly and allow surface moisture to dry before planting seed. Do not create
a muddy soil condition.

G. Fertilizer

Apply fertilizer at a uniform rate as determined by soil testing. Incorporate
fertilizer and lime into the soil to a depth of at least four (4) inches; this may be
done as part of the subgrade tillage operation.

H. Installation

Seed immediately after preparation of bed. Seed areas disturbed as a result of
construction activities. Mix seed on-site or in the presence of the QAO. Sow seed
with approved sowing equipment. Cover seed by means of harrow, cultipacker,
or other approved device. Perform seeding operations when the soil is dry and
when winds do not exceed 5 miles per hour velocity.

I. Rolling

Immediately after seeding, firm entire area with a roller.

J. Mulch

Immediately mulch newly seeded areas. Chopped straw shall be evenly applied so
as to provide a loose depth of not more than one half (1/2) inch with 75%
coverage.

K. Tack Coat

1. Immediately following mulching, straw shall be secured in place by an
EPA registered tackafier at a uniform applied rate as specified on the
label.

2. In lieu of tackafier, crimp straw into soil by mechanical means or cover
with an approved erosion control blanket.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02480 - 7

L. Precautions

Protect existing utilities, structures, pavements, or plantings from damage caused
by seeding operations. CONTRACTOR will be held responsible for any/all
damages. Extreme caution must be given when tilling, liming, and fertilizing in
the dripline of existing trees. Restrict traffic from seeded areas until grass is
established.

M. Cleaning

Perform cleaning during installation of the work and upon completion of the work.
Remove from site excess materials, debris, and equipment.

Part 4 Maintenance

4.01. Begin maintenance immediately after seeding.

4.02. Maintenance shall include, but not be limited to proper watering, refilling of rainwashed
gullies and rutted areas, refertilizing, mowing, liming, disease and insect pest control,
aerating, protective spraying, and other procedure consistent with good horticultural
practice necessary to establish normal, vigorous, healthy growth.

4.03. Ample soil moisture must be maintained during this period. A thorough watering to a
minimum depth of 4” once every 3-5 consecutive calendar days, depending upon soil
type and drainage shall be accomplished to maintain ample soil moisture during the
growing season.

4.04. The CONTRACTOR shall maintain seeded areas until final acceptance of the project and
shall restore or replace any portion of the seeding work that is found defective or which
becomes damaged prior to final acceptance. If winter or summer crops are planted, they
must be maintained until spring or fall seeding schedules can be met. The
CONTRACTOR will be responsible for planting, maintaining the temporary cover,
eradicating the temporary cover crop by tilling and grading prior to spring or fall seeding
seasons, and replanting the project based on the spring or fall planting selections,
whichever comes first. The CONTRACTOR shall perform supplemental seeding when
less than a 90% uniform stand of permanent grass is obtained. Restoration or
replacement work shall include the re-establishment of the grade or profile of the area,
replacement of topsoil, refertilization, reseeding or remulching as directed by the CQA
Engineer. Maintenance must be performed by the CONTRACTOR until the final
acceptance of the spring or fall season grass is accomplished. There is no time limit in
force.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 02480 - 8

Part 5 Inspection and Acceptance

5.01 In the event a summer or winter cover crop is required, an inspection will take place to
verfiy that the cover crop has provided a 90% uniform stand of cover. Following the
maintenance of the cover, eradication by tilling, and reseeding based on the season, a
substantial inspection will be accomplished by the QAO. If a cover crop is not necessary,
a substantial inspection can be performed by the QAO once the permanent seeding has
germinated and provided a 90% uniform stand of grass.

5.02 Once corrections are complete, another inspection will be conducted by the QAO. Upon
successful completion of the seeding project, the CONTRACTOR will be notified in
writing as to the beginning date for the warranty period to include a 60 day maintenance
period.

5.03 Warranty Period

A. For seeded areas, a warranty period of 60 days is required after a substantial
completion notice has been issued. If the project was seeded in the fall and not
given full 60 days of maintenance, or if the project seeding was not considered
acceptable at the time, the CONTRACTOR will continue maintenance until the
following spring once acceptable turf is established.

B. The CONTRACTOR must maintain the seeded areas until a final acceptance
inspection has been completed and a certificate of acceptance is issued.

5.04 Final Acceptance

Following the 60 day warranty and maintenance period, a final inspection will be
conducted by the QAO. Upon successful completion, a written notice of acceptance will
be sent to the CONTRACTOR from the QAO. Upon acceptance, the COUNTY will
assume maintenance of the seeded areas.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13302 - 1

SECTION 13302

GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE NET

Part 1 General

1.01. Requirements Included

Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to install a double-sided geotextile/geonet
drainage layer as specified on the plans.

1.02. Related Requirements

The specifications sections following shall apply to the components of the Geocomposite
Drainage Net.

Part 2 Products

2.01. Geonet Material

A. The geonet shall be comprised of HDPE material and manufactured of first-quality
products designed and manufactured specifically for the purpose of hydraulic
conductance.
B. The net shall meet or surpass physical standards for HDPE geonets. The geonet
shall meet or surpass the following minimum standards:

Specific Gravity, ASTM D1505 ......................................................... 0.94 g/cm
Carbon Black Content, ASTM D1603 Modified/ASTM 4218 ............... 2.0 %
Tensile Strength (MD), ASTM D5035/ASTM D7179 ....................... 45 lbs/in.
Interface Friction, ASTM D5321 ..................................................... 24 degrees

C. The net strands shall be so produced as to be free of holes, blisters, undispersed raw
materials, or sign of contamination by foreign matter. Defects discovered in the
field shall be repaired by cutting out the defect and joining a new piece of net
material in its place. The joint shall be placed in accordance with the requirements
for field joints.

D. Labels on each roll shall identify the thickness, length, width, and manufacturer's
mark number. The roll shall also indicate the date, lot and batch number of the roll,
the square feet in the roll, and the total roll weight as measured after manufacture.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13302 - 2

E. Joints shall be made in the field by factory-trained technicians using approved
methods. Edges of rolled material shall be trimmed at the factory to remove non-
conforming material.

F. The net material shall meet the specification values according to the specification
sheet for HDPE geonet. It shall have a warranty of a minimum 20 years relative to
materials, and 1 year on installation.

2.02. Geotextile Material

A. Geotextile shall be of the type specified on the drawings or an approved equal.
Manufacturer shall submit a certificate to the CQA Engineer stating the name of the
manufacturer, the chemical composition of the filaments or yarns, and other
pertinent information so as to fully describe the geotextiles. At a minimum the other
pertinent data shall include Grab Strength, Elongation, Puncture Strength, and
Apparent Opening Size.

B. The geotextile shall meet or exceed the following minimum average roll values:

Fabric ............................................................ Nonwoven needlepunched polypropylene
Weight, oz./s.y., ASTM D5261...................................................................................... 6
Grab Tensile, lbs., ASTM D4632 .............................................................................. 160
CBR Puncture Strength, lbs, ASTM D6421 ................................................................ 90
AOS, mm, ASTM D4751 ........................................................................................... #70
Permittivity, sec-2, ASTM D4991 .............................................................................. 1.5
Flow rate, gpm/ft2, ASTM D4991 ............................................................................. 110
UV Resistance, % retained after 500 hours, ASTM D4355 ....................................... 70

2.03. Composite Material

A. The composite shall consist of a non-woven geotextile heat-bonded to both sides of
the drainage netting. The drainage net strands shall be High Density Polyethylene
(HDPE).
B. Heat bonding shall prevent flattening of filter fabric and surface. Glues and
adhesives shall not be permitted to bond materials.

C. CONTRACTOR shall provide the manufacturer's certificate prior to delivery of the
material. The manufacturer shall certify in writing that the material supplied meets
the minimum specifications. The certificate shall be signed by a person with
authority to bind the manufacturer and shall be notarized.

D. The composite (finished) material shall meet or surpass the following minimum
standards:
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13302 - 3

Ply Adhesion, ASTM D7005 ................................................................................ 1.0 ppi
Transmissivity

2.04. Manufacturer's Experience

The manufacturer of the drainage material described hereunder shall have previously
demonstrated his ability to produce this geonet by having successfully manufactured
similar material for hydraulic conductance installations. Manufacturer shall have been
engaged in the production of geocomposite materials for at least three years and shall
have successfully produced and provided materials totaling at least 5,000,000 square feet.

2.05. Shop Drawing Submittals

A. In order to qualify as an approved drainage material, the CONTRACTOR shall
submit material samples, minimum specifications and warranty to the CQA
Engineer. The specification sheet shall give full details of minimum physical
properties and test methods used, joining methods, and a certificate confirming
compliance of the material with the minimum specifications. A list of similar
projects completed in which the manufactured material has been successfully used
shall be submitted to the CQA Engineer.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall submit a certification from the manufacturer of the
geonet, stating that the geonet meets physical property requirements for the intended
application, and that the geonet meets the physical requirements for the manufacture
and installation of HDPE landfill drainage media.

C. At the time of delivery, the manufacturer shall certify in writing that the material
supplied meets the minimum specifications. The certificate shall be signed by a
person with authority to bind the manufacturer and shall be notarized.

D. The manufacturer shall submit results of confirmation testing showing that the
material lot of the resin used in the geonet supplied meets the material requirements
for the resin. A description of the quality control steps used during manufacture
shall also be provided.
2.06. Instructions and Drawings Required after Contract Award

A. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish complete written instructions for the storage,
handling, installation, and joining of the net in compliance with this specification
and the condition of his warranty.
B. The manufacturer shall furnish complete written instructions for the repair of HDPE
geonet material.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13302 - 4

C. The manufacturer or his designated representative shall furnish layouts and details as
required for the net installation. Details of placement around net penetrations such
as pipes shall be provided as well. The above details must be approved by the CQA
Engineer prior to net installation. Material left outside shall be covered to reduce
accumulation of dust in the net and to protect it from ultraviolet light.

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Storage

A. Storage of the rolls shall be the responsibility of the installer. A dedicated storage
area shall be selected at the job site that is away from high traffic areas and is
level, dry, and well drained. The OWNER shall approve the storage area.

B. Rolls shall be stored in a manner that prevents sliding or rolling from the stacks
and may be accomplished by the use of chock blocks or by use of the dunnage
shipped between rolls. Rolls shall be stacked at a height no higher than that at
which the lifting apparatus can be safely handled (typically no higher than four).
C. Stored materials must be off of the ground and be covered with a plastic sheet or
tarpaulin until their installation.

D. The integrity and legibility of the labels shall be preserved during storage.

3.02. Installation

A. The installation of the HDPE geocomposite shall be done with labor and equipment
provided by an approved contractor. The manufacturer shall provide the proper
cutting equipment for the installation. Only installation methods approved by the
manufacturer and the CQA Engineer in accordance with this specification shall be
used.

B. The geocomposite shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions,
these specifications, and the design drawings.

C. The geocomposite shall be free of dirt and dust when installed. If dirt or dust is
present, the CONTRACTOR shall wash the geocomposite until clean as directed by
the CQA Engineer.

D. Coordinate with geomembrane installer for installation of the drainage layers.

E. Geocompsoite material shall be unrolled and installed to the lines and grades shown.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13302 - 5

F. Geocomposite shall be anchored at the top of slopes in an anchor trench as shown on
the drawings. Care shall be taken not to entrap small stones from the anchor trench
excavation in the net channels.

G. After being secured in the anchor trench, the drainage layer shall be stretched to
minimize wrinkle formation. Subsequent material shall not be placed on top of the
geocomposite until the section is free of wrinkles. Should wrinkles persist to occur,
it may be necessary to temporarily place stone material, clean of dirt that may clog
the geonet, on top of the material until the section is ready to be worked on top of.
Placement shall be done in a manner that will not damage the material, in
accordance with Part 3.05 below.

H. Overlaps:

1. Layout of geocomposite shall minimize horizontal seams on sideslopes. If
horizontal seams are necessary, adjacent seams shall be offset.

2. The geocomposite shall be overlapped in the corners of the side slopes.

3. Overlap geonet material by at least 6 inches and geotextile material by at
least 4 inches.

4. Overlap at end of composite layer on a slope shall be shingled so the upslope
geonet shall be atop the downslope geonet.

I. Connections:

1. Overlapping geonet layers shall be connected with plastic fastener ties or
polymer braid.

2. Ties shall be white or another contrasting color to facilitate inspection.

3. Connections shall be a maximum of 5 feet on center along the sides of rolls,
6 inches in anchor trenches, and 6 inches on center along the end of rolls.

4. Geotextile fabrics shall be continuously sewn on slopes of 10H:1V or
steeper. On slopes less than 10H:1V, geotextile fabrics shall be continuously
thermally bonded, or as approved by the QAO.

5. Sewing shall be performed using polymeric thread with chemical and
ultraviolet light resistance properties equal to or exceeding those of the
geotextile. Sewing equipment shall be approved by the QAO.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13302 - 6

J. During installation, care shall be taken to keep the net and filter fabric as clean as
possible.

3.03. Geocomposite Repair

Holes or tears (smaller than 3 feet by 3 feet) in the gecomposite shall be repaired by
placing a patch extending 2 feet beyond edges of the hole of tear. The patch shall be
secured to the original geonet by tying every 6 inches. Tying devices shall be as
indicated above. Geotextile fabric shall be continuously thermally bonded or
continuously sewn. If the hole or tear width is greater than 3 feet by 3 feet, or if the tear
across the roll is more than 50 percent of the width of the roll, the damaged area shall be
cut out and the two portions of the geonet shall be joined as indicated in Paragraph 3.01.
Geotextile fabric shall be continuously sewn on large repairs.

3.04. Field Damage

A. The CONTRACTOR shall take every precaution to protect the net from damage due
to natural and field conditions. As the panels are placed, they shall be secured to
limit excessive movement.

B. Panels moved by the wind shall be inspected and, if damaged, shall be replaced or
repaired as required in the judgment of the QAO. Similarly, panels that have
developed excessive wrinkles, particularly at the toe of slopes shall be inspected and
repaired or replaced as necessary.

3.05. Placement of Cover Material

A. Cover material such as soil, stone, or geomembrane that is placed over geonets shall
be placed in such a manner as to verify that the geonet is not damaged.

B. Care shall be taken to minimize slippage of the geonet and to verify that no tensile
stress is induced in the geonet. Should slippage persist to occur, it may be necessary
to temporarily place stone material, clean of dirt that may clog the geonet, ontop of
the material until the section is ready to be worked ontop of.

3.06. Records and Quality Assurance

A. The installation of the geocomposite shall be monitored by QAO provided by the
OWNER. The purpose of the third party monitoring shall be to document the
installation of the geonet. The following records shall be kept by the installer as part
of the installation process:

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13302 - 7

1. Panel Placement Checklist
2. Panel Joining Checklist
3. Repair and Patching Checklist
4. Panel and Joint Layout Record Drawing
B. The geocomposite may not be covered until defects, patches, etc. have been properly
logged.

C. The reports shall be turned over to the CQA Engineer for review on a daily basis.
Reports shall be complete within 24 hours of the installation of the panel, joint,
repair, etc.
D. The manufacturer/installer shall provide a written warranty for materials for a period
of no less than 20 years. A written warranty for 1 year shall also be provided for
quality of workmanship.

END OF SECTION

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13320 - 1

SECTION 13320
LANDFILL GAS VENTS

Part 1 General

1.01. Requirements Included

A. The CONTRACTOR shall provide labor, materials, and equipment to install the
gas vents as shown in the plans and specifications. The CONTRACTOR shall
provide labor, materials, and equipment necessary to protect personnel and
equipment against exposure to landfill gas.

B. The CONTRACTOR is responsible to provide a level bench area for the drilling
rigs to install the landfill gas vents.
1.02. Related Requirements

None
1.03. Quality Control

Comply with applicable codes and regulations as required by regulatory agencies having
jurisdiction over this work. Comply with pertinent sections of the following standards.
A. ASTM - American Society of Testing Materials
B. ANSI - American National Standards Institute
C. AWWA - American Water Works Association
1.04. Submittals

Submit shop drawings and product data for components. Manufacturer shall submit a
certificate to the ENGINEER stating the name of the manufacturer, the chemical
composition of the filaments or yarns, and other pertinent information so as to fully
describe the geotextiles. At a minimum the other pertinent data shall include Grab Strength,
Elongation, Puncture Strength, and Apparent Opening Size. The manufacturer shall include
in the certificate a guarantee stating that the geotextile that is furnished meets the
requirements of this specification section

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13320 - 2

Part 2 Products
2.01. Bore Hole

In lieu of boreholes, holes will be excavated with a backhoe to the dimensions shown on
the plans.

2.02 Geotextile Fabric

The geotextile shall meet or exceed the following minimum average roll values:
Fabric ........................................................... Nonwoven needlepunched polypropylene
Weight, ASTM D5261, oz./s.y. ................................................................................... 6.0
Grab Tensile Strength, lbs., ASTM D4632 ............................................................... 200
Grab Tensile Elongation, %, ASTM D4632 ............................................................... 50
Puncture, lbs, ASTM D4833-88 ................................................................................ 110
AOS, ASTM D4751 ................................................................................................... #70
UV Resistance, %, ASTM D4355 ............................................................................... 70

2.02. Screened Sections

Screened sections shall be 6-inch minimum diameter Schedule 80 PVC with 3/8-inch
holes at 1/4 points at 6 inch on center. In lieu of perforations, slotted pipe may be used.
Slots shall be 6 inches long by 0.010-inch wide, spaced 90 degrees around the
circumference of the pipe.

2.03. Gravel Pack

Gravel pack shall be NCDOT #57 stone.

2.04. Pipe and Fittings

Pipe and pipe fittings shall be 6-inch diameter Schedule 80 PVC.

Part 3 Execution
3.01. Drilling

A. Prior to excavating for landfill gas vents, the location of the proposed vent will be
checked against asbestos disposal records, if any are maintained, to verify that
buried asbestos will not be disturbed. The facility does not accept commercial
friable asbestos bags. Therefore, records of buried asbestos are not maintained.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13320 - 3

B. Vent holes shall be excavated to the depths indicated in Part 2.01 of the
Specification Section. Depth may be decreased by the COUNTY in the field so
that the wells do not penetrate the landfill base, or if saturated conditions or
refusal conditions are encountered.

C. Risers shall extend a minimum of eight (8) feet above the ground surface.
3.02. Installation

A. The geotextile shall not be exposed to precipitation prior to being installed. The
geotextile shall not be exposed to sunlight for more than 15 consecutive calendar
days unless otherwise specified and guaranteed in writing by the geotextile
manufacturer. The CONTRACTOR shall replace geotextile that is left exposed
for more than 15 consecutive calendar days. Geotextile shall be placed smoothly
and in direct contact with the underlying medium. Excessive wrinkles shall not
be acceptable. Equipment shall never be run directly on the geotextile. Geotextile
sections that require more than one panel should be overlapped a minimum of 18
inches.

B. After installing the geotextile fabric and a lift of stone bedding, the vent piping
shall be installed and held vertical. The gravel pack shall be installed carefully so
as to avoid damaging the piping. If the piping is damaged, the stone and piping
shall be removed and reinstalled. The gravel pack shall be installed so as to
provide a uniform blanket of stone around the central vent piping.

C. The piping for each vent shall be assembled prior to installation to enable the
joints to be properly set and secured.

D. Layers above the soil cap shall be installed identical to the landfill cap design
around the vent. The top of the vent shall be capped as shown in the plans. Grade
the area to drain.

E. Place geocomposite material above the stone and backfill with clean soil mixed
with 50% bentonite from the bottom of the soil cap to the top of the soil cap. This
backfill shall be a minimum of 18 inches thick. Cover with erosion support soil
and topsoil layers.

Part 4 Safety

The CONTRACTOR shall prepare and implement a safety plan for installation of the landfill gas
vents. Although there have been no serious or fatal incidents reported that could be attributed
specifically to installation of landfill gas migration control/recovery systems, there have been
numerous accidents resulting from landfill gas migration. Gas migration, in particular, poses a
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13320 - 4

hazard, and has been responsible for some deaths and serious injuries. Therefore, it makes good
sense to take more than routine safety precautions when working in or near a landfill.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13322 - 1

SECTION 13322

LANDFILL GAS DETECTION PROBES

Part 1 General

1.01. Requirements Included

The CONTRACTOR shall provide labor, materials, and equipment to install the landfill
gas detection probes as shown in the plans and specifications. Probes will be constructed
in accordance with applicable sections of 15A NCAC 02C – Well Construction
Standards.
1.02. Related Requirements

None

Part 2 Products

2.01. Bore Hole

Borehole shall be minimum 6 inches in diameter. Boreholes are to be advanced to the
depths indicated, to groundwater, or to bedrock, whichever is encountered first. Existing
boreholes have been installed at the depths indicated below.

Probe
Number
Depth
(feet)
Probe
Number
Depth
(feet)
CD1 20 CD9 10
CD2 10 CD10 10
CD3 10 CD11 10
CD4 18 CD12 10
CD4R 15 CD13 15
CD5 10 CD13R 2
CD5R 15 CD13R2 4
CD6 10 CD14 8
CD6R 10 CD15 7.75
CD7 10 CD16 8
CD7R 10 CD17 8.25
CD8 10 CD18 24.5
CD8R 10
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13322 - 2

2.02. Gravel Pack

The gravel pack shall be NCDOT #57 stone.

2.03. Pipe

A. Pipe shall be PVC Schedule 40 pipe, ½ inch in inside diameter. The pipe below the
bentonite seal shall be perforated by drilling ¼ inch holes at 1 inch on center. Pipe
shall not be solvent welded.

B. The top of the probe shall be fitted with a ½ inch PVC or stainless steel female
adapter with a ½ inch to ¼ inch brass bushing with a ¼ inch brass quick connect
shutoff body (McMaster-Carr No. 5327K81), or equivalent.

2.04. Gas Probe Protective Casing

The protective casing shall be 4” x 4” square or 4” circular steel, with a hinged, lockable
cap.

2.05. Probe Identification

Probe identification shall be marked on the outside of the protective casing and on the
inside of the protective casing cap.

2.06. Bentonite Seal

A. A six-inch thick bentonite seal shall be installed at the top of the borehole, after
backfilling with aggregate.

B. The bentonite seal(s) shall be constructed of a six inch layer of sodium cation
montmorillonite. The bentonite shall be high swelling type defined as the ability of
two grams of the base bentonite, when mechanically reduced to -100 mesh, to swell
in water to 100 cc's of distilled water contained in a graduated cylinder.

C. The colloid content of the base bentonite shall exceed 85% and is measured by
evaporating the suspended portion of a 2% solution after 24 hours of
sedimentation in a glass graduated cylinder or beaker. The manufacturer shall
certify that the bentonite supplied meets the requirements of these specifications.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13322 - 3

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Drilling

A. Drilling shall be done by an experienced driller.

B. Drilling shall be done with an air rotary or auger drill, capable of leaving a clean
hole.
C. After drilling, the bore shall be cleaned of loose debris before filling with stone
and the piping.

D. Soil cuttings shall be spread in the vicinity of the borehole.

3.02. Installation

A. The PVC pipe shall be installed first and held vertical. The gravel pack shall be
installed carefully so as to avoid damaging the pipe. If the pipe is damaged, the
stone and pipe shall be removed and reinstalled. The gravel pack shall be installed
so as to provide a uniform blanket of stone around the pipe.

B. Nested probes:

a. For borehole depths 10 feet or less, install one probe pipe within the
borehole.
b. For borehole depths 10 to 20 feet, install two probe pipes. Install a six-inch
thick bentonite seal approximately ½ of the borehole depth to provide two
detection zones.
c. For borehole depths greater than 20 feet, install three probe pipes. Install
six-inch bentonite seals at approximately 1/3 and 2/3 depths of the boreholes
to provide three detection zones.

C. The top of the probe shall extend approximately 3 feet above ground surface.

D. The protective casing shall be imbedded a minimum of one foot below the ground
surface. A concrete apron shall be constructed around the casing. The apron shall
have the following minimum dimensions: 3 feet by 3 feet x 3.5 inches, and shall be
centered with respect to the casing. A form shall be used in constructing the apron.
The upper surface of the apron shall be sloped to drain water away from the casing.

E. The top of the protective casing, when uncovered, shall be placed at a point between
0.5 inches above the top of the probes and 0.5 inches below the top of the probes.
The casing shall be backfilled with concrete to 6 inches below the top of the probes.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 13322 - 4

F. The casing shall be painted with one coat of primer and at least one coat of exterior
enamel.

G. The CONTRACTOR shall provide a lock for each protective casing cap. Locks
shall be keyed identically.

3.03 Reports

A. Driller shall complete applicable forms of NC form GW-1b for each probe
borehole.

B. Geologist or professional engineer provided by COUNTY shall document probe
construction in probe completion report including the following information:

a. Well and borings log
b. Scaled drawing depicting the locations of the gas probes surveyed by a
surveyor registered in the State of North Carolina
c. Well completion records 9completed GW-1 forms)
d. Groundwater elevation data
e. Descriptions of deviations from the original plan
f. Schedules for the first methane gas sampling event and follow-up quarterly
sampling events

3.04. Safety

Landfill gas can be both explosive, poisonous, and an asphyxiant. The CONTRACTOR
shall prepare and implement a Health and Safety Plan in accordance with applicable
regulations.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 15060 - 1

SECTION 15060

PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS

Part 1 General

1.01. Requirements Included

Provide personnel, equipment, and materials to install pipe, fittings, and appurtenances to
general lines and grades shown on the plans.

1.02. Related Requirements

Section 02200 Earthwork

1.03. Quality Assurance

Comply with applicable codes and regulations as required by regulatory agencies having
jurisdiction over this work. Comply with the pertinent sections of the following
Standards:

A. AWWA - American Water Works Association

B. ANSI - American National Standards Institute

C. ASTM - American Society of Testing and Materials

1.04. Submittals

Shop drawings and product data are required for pipe and fittings.

Part 2 Products

Reinforced concrete pipe shall conform to ASTM C-76 Class III, unless otherwise
indicated on the plans. The pipe interior shall be smooth and free from roughness,
projections, or irregularities. Cracked or flaking pipe shall be rejected. Pipe with
exposed reinforcement shall be rejected. Joints on RCP shall be tongue and groove or
bell and spigot.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 15060 - 2

Part 3 Execution

3.01. Pipe Installation

A. General

1. Proper implements, tools, and facilities shall be provided and used for the
safe and convenient performance of the work. Pipe, fittings, and
appurtenances shall be lowered carefully into the trench by means of a
derrick, rope, or other suitable tools or equipment, in such a manner as to not
damage materials and protective coatings and linings. Under no
circumstances shall pipe materials be dropped or dumped into the trench.
The trench should be dewatered prior to installation of the pipe.

2. Pipe and fittings shall be strung out along the route of construction where it
will cause least interference with traffic. Commence at the lowest point in
the system. Laying of pipe shall be commenced immediately after the
excavation is started and every measure must be used to keep pipe laying
closely behind trenching. No more than 10 feet of trench shall remain open
at the end of each working day. Required connections to existing lines shall
be made in accordance with local standards and requirements. Observe
extreme care to keep debris from entering lines. Check carefully the invert
elevations of existing lines to which connections are to be made and inform
the Engineer immediately if there is a discrepancy with the plans. Each pipe
shall be inspected for defects prior to being lowered into the trench and
swabbed or brushed out so that no dirt or foreign material gets into the
finished line.

3. Holes shall be scooped out where the bells occur such that the entire barrel
of the pipe is bedded firmly and uniformly. Lay the pipe in straight lines and
on uniform grades between points where changes in alignment or grade are
shown. Fit the pipe to form close concentric joints. Immediately after each
joint is made, drag a close fitting swab past the joint within the pipe. The
pipe shall be kept closed by means of a test plug whenever work is not in
progress.

B. Examination of Materials

All pipe fittings, valves, and other appurtenances shall be examined carefully for
damage and other defects immediately before installation. Defective materials shall
be marked and held for inspection by the COUNTY, who may prescribe corrective
repairs or reject the materials.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment Specifications
Revised June 23, 2017
Section 15060 - 3

C. Pipe Ends

All lumps, blisters, and excess coating shall be removed from the socket and plain
ends of each pipe, and the outside of the plain end and the inside of the bell shall be
wiped clean and dry and be free from dirt, sand, grit, or foreign material before the
pipe is laid.

D. Pipe Cleanliness

Foreign material shall be kept from entering the pipe while it is being placed in the
trench. During pipe laying operations, no debris, tools, clothing, or other materials
shall be placed in the pipe.

E. Pipe Placement

As each length of pipe is placed in the trench, the joint shall be assembled and the
pipe brought to correct line and grade. The pipe shall be secured in place with
approved backfill material.

F. Pipe Deflection

When it is necessary to deflect pipe from a straight line in either the vertical or
horizontal plane, or where long radius curves are permitted, the amount of deflection
shall not exceed manufacturer's recommendations.

G. Pipe Cutting

Cutting pipe for the insertion of valves, fittings, or closure pieces shall be done in a
neat, workmanlike manner without creating damage to the pipe or lining.

H. Pipe Bedding

Pipe bedding shall be in accordance with Section 02221.

I. Backfill

Backfill shall be in accordance with Section 02221.

3.02. Pipe Testing

No testing of reinforced concrete pipe is required.

END OF SECTION
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017

ORANGE COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL

PERMIT AMENDMENT
SECTION III

CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN

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Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Table of Contents Revised June 23, 2017

CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1
1. Applicable Units ..................................................................................................................... 1
2. Quality Assurance .................................................................................................................. 1 3. Quality Control ....................................................................................................................... 2
4. Related Requirements ............................................................................................................ 3
5. Key Personnel ......................................................................................................................... 3
6. Communications ..................................................................................................................... 6
B. EARTHWORK .................................................................................................................................. 9
1. Laboratory Testing - Soils ..................................................................................................... 9
2. Field Testing – Soils and Aggregates ................................................................................ 10
3. Quality Assurance Observations ........................................................................................ 11
C. GEOSYNTHETICS ........................................................................................................................ 13
1. Manufacturing Quality Control .......................................................................................... 13
2. Quality Assurance Observations ........................................................................................ 13
D. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................... 17
1. General ................................................................................................................................... 17
2. Sitework ................................................................................................................................. 17
3. Landfill Gas Management Components ........................................................................... 17
4. Capping .................................................................................................................................. 17
5. Embankments ........................................................................................................................ 18
6. Miscellaneous ....................................................................................................................... 19
E. DOCUMENTATION ..................................................................................................................... 20
1. Field Documentation ............................................................................................................ 20
2. Record Drawings .................................................................................................................. 21
3. Final Documentation ............................................................................................................ 23 4. Certifications ......................................................................................................................... 24
F. REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................... 24

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 1

CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN

A. INTRODUCTION
1. Applicable Units This Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan is applicable to the Orange County Eubanks Road
C&D Landfill during the construction of the project. 2. Quality Assurance
a. Quality Assurance (QA) is defined as independent qualitative observations, monitoring and documentation to verify that the Quality Control (QC) program is implemented correctly.
b. The purpose of Quality Assurance is to establish standards that must be followed by
the Resident Engineer or Resident Engineering Technician in order to confirm that the construction of the containment facility and its components meet the specifications given in the design. The principle objects of an effective Quality Assurance program include:

• Verification of the implementation of the QC program.
• Mitigation of potential long-term problems and failures.
• Documentation of construction and QC testing.
• Preservation of completed work during subsequent construction activities.
c. The principle methods with which objectives are achieved are as follows:

• Visual Inspection of materials upon delivery to identify damaged materials, cross check lot numbers with manufacturer test data and obtain conformance test samples.

• Conformance Testing of delivered materials to verify physical characteristics of material. Conformance testing should be completed prior to installation.

• Construction Observation of installation and testing. Continuous inspection on site to observe the QC program such as weld testing (destructive and nondestructive), maintaining record drawings,
verifying patches and retests, and preparation of daily reports.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 2

• Accountability of QC personnel. The QA program will require accountability of QC personnel by means of "signing off" on test sections and repaired sections.

3. Quality Control
a. A QC program shall be maintained for Project construction activities. The Quality Control Officer (QCO) shall be on site as required for representative testing. The QCO shall be responsible for the implementation of the quality control program.
b. The QC program shall consist of construction and administrative activities related to the Project to control the overall quality of the Project. Quality shall be defined as the
level of effort, materials, means or methods used which meet the minimum requirements as specified in the Project Documents. Administrative items included in the QC program include project schedules, project submittals, schedule of values, field logs, and record drawings and surveys.
c. Minimum testing requirements are included in applicable specification sections. Tests
that fail to comply with the minimum requirements shall be retested at the Contractor's expense. The Owner reserves the right to direct additional testing and sampling.
d. A qualified testing laboratory shall perform soils testing. Laboratory shall obtain certificate of calibration in accordance with ASTM E-4 or National Institute for Science and Technology (NIST) Handbook 44 standards for equipment used for soils
testing. A soils testing laboratory representative shall be present on site during fill and backfilling operations that require quality control testing.
e. A qualified testing laboratory shall perform geosynthetics testing. Laboratory shall obtain certification by the Geosynthetics Accreditation Institute-Lab Accreditation Program (GAI-LAP) by the Geosynthetic Institute (GSI) for appropriate
geosynthetics testing procedures and machinery.
f. Results of analysis shall be submitted to the Engineer as soon as they are available. Should the analyses show that the product tested does not comply with the specifications, the Contractor shall remove, repair or replace the product at no expense to the Owner. The Contractor may, at his option and expense, perform additional
testing to substantiate the claim that the product complies with the specification requirements.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 3

4. Related Requirements Section 01560 Erosion and Sediment Control Section 01580 Project Coordination
Section 01720 Project Record Documents Section 02110 Sitework Procedures Section 02200 Earthwork Section 02209 Erosion/Vegetative Support Layer (Cap Soil Cushion) Section 02221 Trenching, Backfilling and Compacting
Section 02292 Infiltration Barrier Layer (Compacted Soil Cap) Section 02420 Surface Runoff Collection System Section 02480 Landfill Seeding Section 13302 Geocomposite Drainage Net Section 13320 Landfill Gas Vents
Section 13322 Landfill Gas Detection Probes Section 15060 Pipe and Pipe Fittings 5. Key Personnel The organizations involved in the project include the: 1) Owner and Operator, Orange County Solid Waste Management Department, 2) North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ), 3) Design Engineer, Draper Aden Associates, and 4) QA Personnel, Contractors and Subcontractors. Responsibilities of these principal organizations are described below.
a. North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality It is the responsibility of the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) to review the permit amendment application, including this QA plan, for compliance with the
Rules of the North Carolina Administrative Code and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The NCDEQ will issue a permit amendment for the facility upon completion of the review and necessary revisions to comply with the regulations. Prior to acceptance of wastes in the facility, the Owner shall submit to the NCDEQ a
certification from a professional engineer that the facility has been constructed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications. b. Orange County Solid Waste Management Department
1) The Orange County Solid Waste Management Department - Orange County, North Carolina, the Owner and Operator, is responsible for the design, construction, operation, and closure of the permitted facility. The Owner has ultimate responsibility for complying with the regulations of the NCDEQ and assuring that the landfill has been constructed in accordance with the plans
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 4

and specifications. This assurance is through the Quality Assurance Plan and subsequent documentation. 2) The Owner is responsible for construction contract administration. The
Owner shall be responsible for obtaining construction inspection services and, for specific construction items such as soil testing , shall retain the services of a Consulting Engineer (Consultant) that is independent of other Contractors involved in the construction on the site, including earthwork Contractors and installers of geosynthetic materials, if necessary. The QA plan performed by
the Consultant is in addition to the QC requirements implemented by others. 3) Prior to acceptance of wastes in the facility, the Owner shall submit to the NCDEQ a certification from a professional engineer that the facility has been constructed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications and the
QA report. c. Design Engineer The primary responsibility of the Design Engineer, Draper Aden Associates, is to design the
facility in accordance with the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules and that meets the needs of the Owner’s construction and demolition waste management plan. These design responsibilities include clarification or interpretation of the plans during construction, and changes necessitated by unforeseen site conditions. If the plan revisions are regulated by the NCDEQ, those revisions shall be subject to approval by the NCDEQ prior to acceptance of
the facility. d. Quality Assurance Engineer 1) The Quality Assurance Engineer (QAE) shall be a registered professional
engineer certified in North Carolina and experienced in landfill construction. The QAE shall be employed by the firm retained as the QA Consultant by the Owner, and shall be responsible to inform the Owner, Engineer and Contractor if construction does not meet the design specifications. Parties must agree on the actions needed to bring the construction into compliance with the
specifications and design intent. 2) The QAE shall review the design plans and specifications for constructability and clarity. If the design or specifications are unclear to the QAE, the QAE shall request in writing clarification from the Design Engineer.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 5

3) The QAE shall be responsible for:
• Training the Quality Assurance Officer (QAO on requirements and
procedures
• Scheduling and coordinating QA activities
• Confirming that testing equipment, personnel, and procedures do not
change over the length of the project without written documentation
• Confirming that test data are accurately documented
• Notifying the Owner of construction quality problems
• Recommendations for testing acceptance or rejection
4) The Quality Assurance Engineer shall inspect the site on a periodic basis and review test data and QAO logs in order to maintain control over the QA program. QAO shall respond promptly to items needing attention or approval
in order to expedite work. QAO shall be responsible for the approval or
disapproval of landfill construction work. Approval shall be based on conformance to the design specifications, conformance to the QA plan, and sound engineering judgment. In no case shall the QAE change or modify the landfill design prior to notifying the Engineer in writing of the specific
changes or modifications.
5) The final construction documentation report will be prepared, signed and sealed by the Quality Assurance Engineer.
e. Quality Assurance Officer
1) The Quality Assurance Officer (QAO) shall be employed by the Consultant and answer directly to the Quality Assurance Engineer. The QAO shall be experienced in earthwork construction, inspection procedures, and be familiar
with the tests, processes, and materials involved in the construction of solid
waste disposal facilities. QAO shall provide continuous on-site monitoring of appropriate construction operations and oversee that Quality Control sampling, testing and reporting mandated by these specifications are implemented by the Quality Control Officer (QCO). Appropriate construction
operations that will require continuous on-site monitoring may include soil
cap placement and placement of the cap cushion. Other construction operations will require periodic monitoring. 2) The QAO shall maintain logs and test records and certificates on site in a well-
organized, tabulated manner. QAO shall log appropriate construction
operations, sampling, and testing. Appropriate construction operations that will require continuous logging includes placement of the cap cushion. Other construction operations will also require periodic logging. Copies of logs, test
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 6

records and certificates shall be provided to the QAE for review. The QAO shall notify the QCO immediately of non-complying test results and shall be available to verify remediation and retesting of non-complying work. The QAO shall maintain an awareness of the project and detect conditions that
may directly or indirectly jeopardize the integrity of the field testing. 3) The QAO shall verify that the equipment used in the testing meets the specification requirements and that the tests are conducted in accordance with the standard procedures specified.
f. Contractor The Contractor shall be responsible for constructing the facility in strict compliance with the plans and specifications. The Contractor shall be responsible for any of its subcontractors
retained to perform work on the project. The Contractor shall be responsible for QC Testing performed by the subcontractor and the Contractor shall further be responsible for submittals of QC documentation completed by the Contractor or subcontractors. 6. Communications a. Preconstruction Meeting
A preconstruction meeting shall be held after award of the contract to the successful bidder. Present at the preconstruction meeting shall be the Owner, the Contractor, the Engineer, and QA personnel. The discussion at this meeting shall include, but not be
limited to, the following: 1) Providing each organization will relevant QA documents and supporting information.
2) Familiarizing each organization with the QA plan and its role relative to the plans and specifications. 3) Reviewing the responsibilities of each organization.
4) Reviewing lines of authority and communication for each organization. Communications will to be strictly documented. Copies of communications will be distributed in a timely manner to each organization. 5) Discussing the established procedures or protocol for observations and tests
including sampling strategies.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 7

6) Discussing the established procedures or protocol for handling construction deficiencies, repairs, and retesting. 7) Reviewing methods for documenting and reporting inspection data.
8) Reviewing methods for distributing and storing documents and reports. 9) Reviewing work area security and safety protocol.
10) Discussing procedures for the location and protection of construction materials and for the prevention of damage of the materials from inclement weather or other adverse events. 11) Conducting a site walk-over to review construction material and inspection
equipment storage locations. The QA personnel shall document the Preconstruction Meeting. Copies of the documentation will be forwarded to each organization. b. Progress Meetings Progress Meetings will be held at least every other week at the work area, unless otherwise directed by the Owner. Attending the meeting will be the Contractor, the Engineer, and the QA Personnel. The purpose of the meeting is to:
1) Review the previous week's activities and accomplishments. 2) Review the work location and activities for the upcoming week.
3) Identify the Contractor's personnel and equipment assignments for the upcoming week. 4) Discuss potential construction problems.
The QA personnel shall document the Progress Meetings. Copies of the documentation will be forwarded to each organization. c. Problem or Work Deficiency Meetings
If a problem or deficiency is present, or likely to occur, a special meeting will be held. This meeting will be attended by the Contractor, the Owner, the QA Personnel, and the Engineer, if necessary.
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The purpose of the meeting will be to define and resolve the problem or problems, or recurring work deficiency, in the following manner: 1) Define and discuss the problem or deficiency.
2) Review alternative solutions. 3) Implement a plan to resolve the problem or deficiency.
The QA personnel will document Problem or Work Deficiency Meetings. Copies of the documentation will be forwarded to each organization.
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B. EARTHWORK
1. Laboratory Testing - Soils Provide personnel, materials, and equipment to determine field and laboratory density and
permeability of soil materials. The following tests and minimum testing frequencies are required to be performed on soils being used for construction. Material shall be sampled from the site or taken from stockpiles in an accepted and representative manner.
a. Moisture-Density Relationships shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D698 (standard Proctor) or ASTM D1557 (modified Proctor) as specified. b. Soil Classification tests shall include a sieve analysis (ASTM D422), a natural
moisture content (ASTM D2216), and an Atterberg Limit determination (ASTM D4318). Soil classifications shall be performed in conjunction with a moisture-density relationship and whenever a change in material occurs. c. The Contractor can, at his own discretion, perform additional ASTM Proctor Tests,
with varying efforts, in order to establish a larger acceptable moisture-density region. The Modified Proctor is recommended. The additional tests shall be performed at a minimum of once per 5,000 cubic yards delivered. d. The minimum frequency of testing shall be as follows:
Soil borrow source testing:
Test ASTM Designation or Other Test Method Frequency
Grain Size Analysis D422 and D1140 1 per 10,000 cy
Natural Moisture Content D2216 1 per 10,000 cy
Classification D2487 1 per 10,000 cy
Atterberg Limits D4318 1 per 10,000 cy
Moisture-Density Relationship D698 or D1557 1 per 10,000 cy and changes
in material

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2. Field Testing – Soils and Aggregates
Test ASTM Designation or
Other Test Method Frequency
Compacted Density D2922, D1556, or D2937 1 per 90' x 90' grid per lift
Compacted Moisture Content D3017 or D2216 1 per 90' x 90' grid per lift
Classification D2487 1 per 10,000 cy
Atterberg Limits D4318 1 per 10,000 cy
Compacted Density - Trench Backfill D2922, D1156, or D2937 1 per 100 lineal ft per lift
Compacted Moisture Content -
Trench Backfill
D3017 or D2216 1 per 100 lineal ft per lift
Backfill Placement Observation Continuous
Road Aggregates D2922 or D2937 1 per 100 lineal feet of road, a minimum of 1 test per lift of select fill
Intermediate / Bedding Soil Layer Thickness Observation, Field Measurement 100 ft x 100 ft grid
Controlled Subgrade Layer Thickness D698 or D1557 1 per acre
Protective Cover Layer Thickness D698 or D1557 1 per acre
Vegetative Support Layer
Thickness
Observation Continuous

Notes: a. Every fifth sample tested with ASTM D2922 shall be verified by ASTM D1556, Sand Cone or ASTM D2937, Drive Cylinder). b. Every fifth sample tested with ASTM D3017 shall be verified with ASTM D2216,
Laboratory Determination of Water Content of Soil, Rock, and Soil-Aggregate
Mixtures. c. Test locations shall be identified by the Contractor by horizontal and vertical control and presented on drawing or sketch indicating dimensions.

d. If a test fails to meet the required compaction level or moisture content, then the area represented by that test shall be reworked and retested at the Contractor's expense. Corrective measures shall be documented in the Quality Control and Quality Assurance reports.

e. The Contractor shall plug test locations with a 50% cap soil, 50% bentonite mixture compacted in 2" lifts to control leakage.
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3. Quality Assurance Observations a. Soil Foundation
The QAO shall include verification that an appropriate subgrade is established for subsequent layer placement. This may include the placement and compaction of controlled fill (Section 02200). The verification shall include the following: 1) Observations of soil and rock surfaces for adequate filling of rock joints, clay
fractures, or depressions, and removal and filling of sand seams. Shall document in written form and photographs the condition of the subgrade prior to placement of geosynthetics. 2) Measurements of the depth and slope of the excavation or fill to verify that it
meets design requirements. Shall document the depths of structural fill placed. 3) Observations to verify proper placement of recessed areas for collection pipes. 4) Observations to verify the quality of compacted fill. Shall observe and
document that Quality Control Testing was performed on compacted fill. Shall verify that QC testing includes density, moisture content, Atterberg limits, soil classifications, and maximum clod size. Shall compile documentation of QC testing on compacted fill. Shall compile documentation of locations of QC testing on compacted fill.
5) Observations of stripping and excavation to confirm that there are no moisture seeps and that soft, organic, and otherwise undesirable materials are removed. Proof-rolling with heavy equipment can be used to detect soft areas likely to cause settlement. Shall document in written form and photographs removal
of undesirable materials. 6) Observations to verify the removal of objects such as roots or objects that could penetrate the geosynthetic layers.
7) Observations to verify that the surface is properly compacted, smooth, uniform, and consistent with design grades. Shall document in written form and photographs the surface of the subgrage. b. Protective Soil Cover
The QAO shall include observation and verification that protective soil cover is property placed on the geocomposite drainage layer for the final cover system. Depths shall be verified. The verification shall include the following:
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 12

1) Measurements of the depth and slope of the excavation or fill to verify that it meets design requirements. 2) Observations to verify the removal of objects such as roots or objects that
could penetrate the geosynthetics. 3) Observations to verify that the surface is properly compacted, smooth, uniform, and consistent with design grades. Shall document in written form and photographs the surface of the subgrade.
c. Cap Subgrade The QAO shall include verification that an appropriate subgrade is established for cap placement. This may include the placement and compaction of fill. The verification shall
include the following: 1. For cap foundations, observations of the daily or intermediate cover layer for proper grading, soft spots, exposed waste or other conditions that could adversely affect the cap material. Document the condition of the subgrade
prior to cap soil placement in writing. Photographs may be used as needed. 2. Measurements of the depth and slope of the excavation or fill to verify that it meets design requirements. Document the depths of fill placed.
3. Observations to verify the quality of compacted fill. Observe and document that Quality Control Testing was performed on compacted fill. Verify that QC testing includes density, moisture content, Atterberg limits, soil classifications, and maximum clod size. Compile documentation of QC testing on compacted fill. Compile documentation of locations of QC testing
on compacted fill. 4. Observations of stripping and excavation to verify that there are no moisture seeps and that soft, organic, or otherwise undesirable materials are removed. Proof-rolling with heavy equipment can be used to detect soft areas likely to
cause settlement. Document in written form and photographs removal of undesirable materials. 5. Observations to verify the removal of objects such as roots or objects that could penetrate the cap.
6. Observations to verify that the surface is properly compacted, smooth, uniform, and consistent with design grades. Document in written form and with photographs the surface of the cap foundation.
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C. GEOSYNTHETICS
1. Manufacturing Quality Control
a. Geocomposite Drainage Layers Prior to installation of material, Contractor shall provide the QAO with quality control certifications for the geocomposite. The certification shall demonstrate that the material meets the project specifications.
b. Frequencies Perform Quality Control testing at the following minimum frequencies:
1) Geocomposite: one test per 200,000 square feet of material for transmissivity and one test per 100,000 square feet of material for ply adhesion. 2. Quality Assurance Observations a. Installer Experience Verification 1) The QAO shall verify and document that the installer meets the minimum
project experience. Project experience listing shall include project name, location, Owner, Owner contact, Engineer, Engineer contact, product installed, amount of material installed, and date of installation. 2) The QAO shall verify that the installer has submitted a Quality Assurance
Manual (QA) for installation of the material and shall approve the contents of the QA Manual. The QA Manual and the approval by the QAO or Engineer shall be included in the final QA documentation. 3) The QAO shall verify and approve the submittal by the installer of a proposed
panel layout and installation details. The proposed panel layout and details, and the approval by the QAO or the Engineer, shall be included in the final QA documentation. b. Materials
1) Geocomposite Gas Venting Layer The QAO shall verify and document that cap material is certified by the manufacturer. The QAO shall verify and document that material property values meet the
specifications. Quality control certificates shall be provided at the specified frequency
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and shall identify the related rolls of geocomposite. The QAO shall verify that the rolls are properly labeled. c. Conformance Testing
1) The QAO shall collect samples of the materials for confirmation testing. The QAO shall tabulate the results of the confirmation testing. The tabulated results shall be included with the confirmation testing in the final QA report.
2) Frequency Conformance testing shall be performed at a minimum frequency of 1 per 100,000 square feet.
3) Sample Collection Samples shall be collected for conformance testing as follows. a) Geocomposite gas venting layer
The first three feet on selected rolls shall be used for confirmation testing. The sample shall be taken across the entire width of the roll. Samples shall not be taken from damaged material. The QAO shall randomly select the rolls used for conformance testing. If differing lot runs are identified by the
manufacturer, the samples shall be taken to represent each lot. d. Damage 1) The QAO shall inspect the material to verify that it is not damaged and to
confirm that damage is corrected. Damage may include: a) Puncture from nails or splinters b) Tears from operation of equipment or inadequate packaging c) Exposure to temperature extremes resulting in unusable material
d) Blocking: the bonding together of adjacent membrane layers, which may be caused by excessive heat e) Crumpling or tearing from inadequate packaging support. 2) When damage to a roll is observed by the QAO, the QAO shall carefully
examine the underlying material for damage. If damage is extensive, the QAO shall reject the entire roll.
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e. Protection from Weather 1) On-site storage shall be in a secure area with provisions from adverse weather. Geocomposite materials shall be protected from:
a) UV light b) Heavy winds or precipitation c) Temperature extremes d) Vandals
2) GCL material shall be stored in a dry area, and on a level, smooth surface. 3) The QAO shall document damage and rejection/replacement of rolls.
f. Geocomposite Drainage Net (GDN) Gas Venting Layer Placement 1) The QAO shall observe the placement of rolls of GDN. The QAO shall document placement and location of each roll of GDN. Documentation may be through verification of installer daily progress report and tabulation by
the QAO of the daily progress reports, or by separate daily progress reports completed by the QAO. The QAO shall document weather conditions (temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind) to verify that they are acceptable for GDN placement and seaming. The QAO shall observe, measure, and document construction of anchor trenches for compliance
with plans. The QAO shall verify that trench corners are rounded to reduce stressing the membrane. The QAO shall verify backfilling of the anchor trenches as specified. 2) The QAO shall observe and document tests to confirm that cap penetrations,
if any, and cap connections are installed as specified. Cap penetrations, if any, shall be verified for appropriate clamp use, for appropriate material, for good seaming, and for good housekeeping practices. 3) The QAO shall measure and confirm that required overlaps of adjacent
GDN panels are achieved. The QAO shall verify that proper temporary anchorage is used (sand bags) and that panel is placed in non-stressed state. 4) The QAO shall visually inspect each panel for tears, punctures, and thin spots. Defects shall be marked on the GDN for repair.
g. Geocomposite Drainage Net (GDN) Gas Venting Layer Seaming 1) The QAO shall inspect and document seaming operations to include:
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment – Construction Quality Assurance Plan Revised June 23, 2017 Page III - 16

a) Observations to confirm that the GDN is free from dirt, dust, and moisture. b) Observations to confirm that the seaming materials and equipment are as specified by the manufacturer.
c) Observations to verify that a firm foundation is available for seaming. d) Observations of weather conditions to confirm that they are acceptable for seaming. e) Measurements of temperatures, pressures, and speed of seaming,
when applicable, to verify that they are as specified (e.g., gauges and dials shall be checked and reading recorded). f) Observations to verify that the GDN is not damaged by equipment or personnel during the seaming process. g) Verify that sewing or welding is being conducted in accordance with
manufacturer’s requirements. 2) Prior to placement of soil cushion layer, the QAO shall visually inspect the GDN for damage that may have occurred during installation. If damaged areas are located, they shall be marked and patched using approved repair
methods. The QAO shall document damaged areas and the repairs. The documentation shall be included in the final QA report.
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D. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION
1. General
a. The Contractor and QA Personnel shall review the plans and specifications for clarity. If needed, the Engineer will provide further clarification or modification so that the plans and specifications are understandable to involved parties. b. The QAO and QAE shall verify that the minimum testing is performed and results
documented or certificates provided in conjunction with the following construction items. 2. Sitework
The QAE and QAO shall review site investigation information to familiarize themselves with the expected site conditions upon which the facility designs were based. This will assist with identifying unexpected site conditions that may be encountered during construction. 3. Landfill Gas Management Components a. Materials Quality Control
1. Contractor shall provide certifications for piping and aggregates used in the system. 2. Contractor shall provide submittals for all components for gas collection system for review and acceptance by the Design Engineer.
b. Construction Quality Assurance 1. CQA firm shall verify piping and aggregates meet the material specifications.
2. CQA firm shall observe and document drilling of boreholes and record depths. 3. CQA firm shall observe and document completion of gas vent installation. 4. Capping
a. The QAO shall verify and document that cap material is certified by the
manufacturer for synthetic materials and that a borrow area is approved for the soil component of the cap. The QAO shall verify and document that appropriate destructive and nondestructive tests are performed for membranes and that horizontal and vertical control is maintained.
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b. QA for the landfill cap shall include appropriate verification and documentation for landfill geosynthetics as detailed in Part C of this CQA Plan. In addition, QA shall include:
1) Verification that the vegetative support layer (topsoil) is spread uniformly, that thickness are achieved, that slopes are as specified, and that the soil is not overly compacted.
2) Verify that the seeding method is as specified. Verify and document seed mixtures, fertilizer and lime content, and mulch application. Verify that seeding occurs during favorable weather and is not placed during high wind or rain or when the soil is frozen.
3) Visually inspect the completed cover to verify that it meets the specified design. Depressions or deficiencies shall be noted and corrected. The perimeter configuration, including drainage conduits, shall be examined for conformance to design specifications. Visually inspect cover until vegetation is established.
5. Embankments
a. The QAO shall inspect the embankment foundation to verify that an appropriate subgrade is established for embankment construction. This may include the placement and compaction of fill. (Section 02200). The QAO shall observe and
verify embankment construction to include the following: 1) Observations of soil and rock surfaces for adequate filling of rock joints, clay fractures, or depressions, and removal and filling of sand seams.
2) Measurements of the depth and slope of the excavation or fill to verify that it meets design requirements. Document measurements. 3) Observations to verify proper placement of recessed areas for collection pipes.
4) Observations to verify the quality of compacted fill. Verify that testing is performed in accordance with the specifications. Tabulate testing results. Include tabulation and testing results in the final QA report. 5) Observations of stripping and excavation to verify that there are no moisture
seeps and that soft, organic, and otherwise undesirable materials are removed. Proof-rolling with heavy equipment can be used to detect soft areas likely to cause settlement.
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6) Observation and documentation of type of compaction equipment, number of passes, and uniformity of compaction coverage. 7) Measurement of loose lift thickness.
8) Observation of material type, texture, color, and moisture content as placed. 9) Observation of scarification and connection between compacted fill lifts.
b. In general, observations shall be documented in the logs maintained by the QAO. 6. Miscellaneous The QAO shall verify and document that fill placement is compacted and tested; that utility trenches
are backfilled and tested; that gravity, pressure lines and manholes are leak tested and grades are verified; that subgrades are maintained and pavements constructed as specified; that structures are constructed as specified; that landscaping conforms to the plans and specifications; that fencing, gates, and signs are installed in the locations specified.

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E. DOCUMENTATION
1. Field Documentation a. Logs will be prepared by the QAO presenting detailed descriptions of construction
events. Logs shall include, but are not limited to: 1) Date, project name, location, and other identification 2) Unique sheet numbering for document control 3) Reports on meetings held and their results
4) Construction operation and their locations. 5) Operations and locations of Quality Control personnel. 6) QC tests performed, their designation and location. 7) Description of off-site materials received, including quality verification (vendor certification) documentation.
8) Locations and designations of samples obtained. 9) Meteorological data and conditions. 10) Decisions made regarding approval of unit of material or of work, and/or corrective actions to be taken in instances of substandard quality 11) Unique identifying sheet numbers of inspection data sheets and/or
problem reporting and corrective measures reports used to substantiate the decisions described in the preceding item. 12) General comments and observations.
b. A copy of logs shall be kept on site and made available to the Owner, Engineer, and
QAE. c. Field and laboratory test data shall be identified and maintained in an easily referenced manner on the site.
d. Corrective measures taken to bring the unsuitable work into conformance with the design specifications must be documented. This documentation shall describe the non-conformity, the exact location (both horizontal and vertical extent), test designations indicating non-conformity, the corrective active agreed upon, and test results indicating the remedial action is acceptable.
e. Photographic reports shall also be maintained. These photographs will serve as a pictorial record of work progress, problems, and corrective measures. They will be kept in a permanent protective file in the order in which they were taken.

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2. Record Drawings
a. Scope
Owner shall provide certified record drawings of work completed for construction of landfill gas collection, landfill drainage features, and landfill cap layers. The Contractor shall be responsible for construction stakeout.

b. Qualifications A land surveyor currently licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia shall prepare record drawings. The land surveyor may be employed by the Quality Assurance firm.
c. Drawings 1) Provide record drawings as indicated in this section. Drawings shall be submitted in latest AutoCAD Release format or as otherwise indicated by
the Engineer. Provide five (5) hard copies of each record drawing. Hard copies of drawings shall be sealed and signed by the land surveyor. Submit certification with each record drawing that the elevations and locations of the new work are in conformance or non-conformance with the Contract Documents.
2) Drawings shall be tied to and include the same horizontal and vertical grid system indicated on the design plans of the permit documents. 3) Information in the AutoCAD files must be at appropriate three-dimensional
elevation and coordinate. Entities shall be placed on layer names that describe the entity mapped.
d. Grades and Locations
Grades for each layer comprising the cap system shall be contoured on a scaled plan and submitted to the QAO for review upon completion of that portion of the work. The record drawings shall include the following. 1) Base Grades
a) Cap Provide the elevations of the area to be capped prior to placement of cap materials. The record drawing shall indicate the conditions of the site after
vegetation has been stripped from the closure area and the surface prepared.
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Provide grid locations that indicate the elevations of the base grades on a maximum 50-foot grid. On slopes, at a minimum the survey points will include top of slope, midpoint, and toe of slope. Survey points shall be obtained at significant grade breaks. The contour interval shall be 2 feet. The
scale of the drawing shall be no greater than 1 inch = 50 feet. b) Thickness Verification Table Thickness verification tables will be generated for the 12-inch controlled
subgrade and 18-inch combined daily cover/intermediate cover/cap bedding layer. 4) Surface Features
Provide record drawing after completion of the project that includes, but may not be limited to, the following items.
• diversion berms
• drainage channels
• culverts (with inverts)
• manholes
• water lines and valves
• hydrants
• sewer lines
• landfill gas vents/landfill gas wells
• landfill gas monitoring probes
• roads
• structures
• ponds
• riprap aprons and outlets
• concrete pads
• utility poles
• cleanouts
5) Tolerances Tolerances for the various components surveyed for the cap system shall be:
• base grades: 0 to -0.2 feet
• top of vegetative layer: 2.0 +0.2 feet from top of soil cap
• piping: +0.1 feet provided required slopes are
maintained
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• all other components ±0.2 feet These tolerances are allowable provided the required slopes and material thicknesses
are maintained. Tolerances for piping shall be +0.1 feet. e. Construction Staking The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the integrity of construction stakes. Re-
staking shall be the Contractor's expense. The Contractor shall maintain adequate construction staking for reference by the QA personnel when locating work elements and test locations. f. Marked-Up Drawings
The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining an accurate set of marked-up drawings on the construction site. Marked-up drawings shall accurately reflect grades and locations and changes or modifications to the plans. Indicate changes and modifications by colored pencil on a set of project drawings. Upon completion of the project, the marked-up drawings
shall be submitted to the Engineer. 3. Final Documentation
a. Upon completion of the project, final documentation will be organized and indexed to enable easy access and retrieval of original inspection, testing data sheets, material certification, reports and record drawings. During the construction period, originals of the documents shall be kept by the QAO at the site. At the completion of the
project, the QAE will compile the quality assurance data and assemble the
certification report. b. The final documentation shall include project correspondence pertaining to changes or clarifications to the work.
c. The final documentation shall include project submittals. Project submittals shall be numbered and tabulated in a submittal log. d. The following items will also be included in the documentation to be submitted to
the DEQ:
• Photographs
• Gas vents and gas probes:
• surveyed as-built location drawing
• completion logs
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4. Certifications
a. The final documentation will be signed by the Quality Assurance Engineer to certify
that the approved CQA plan has been successfully carried out and that the unit meeting the requirements of 9VAC20-81-130.Q. b. In addition to the certification by the CQA officer, a separate certification by the
Design Engineer is required in accordance with 9VAC20-81-490.A.1. The Design
Engineer will certify that the work has been completed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications and the facility is ready to begin operation.
F. REFERENCE
Portions of this Quality Assurance Plan were based or excerpted from the EPA Technical Guidance
Document: Construction Quality Assurance for Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Facilities, OSWER Report No. EPA/530-SW-86-031. END OF CQA PLAN

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23 2017

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL

PERMIT AMENDMENT APPLICATION

SECTION IV

OPERATIONS REPORT

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Table of Contents - Page IV-i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Operator Responsibility .................................................................................................. 1

2.0 OPERATIONS METHODS AND PROCEDURES ................................................................. 2
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Operation Drawings ........................................................................................................ 2
2.3 Hours of Operation ......................................................................................................... 4
2.4 Site Access ...................................................................................................................... 4
2.5 Waste Acceptance and Special Waste Handling ........................................................... 5
2.6 Calculated Capacity ...................................................................................................... 10
2.7 Equipment ..................................................................................................................... 11
2.8 Access Roads ................................................................................................................ 12
2.9 Vehicle Control and Unloading ................................................................................... 12
2.10 Waste Handling Operations.......................................................................................... 14
2.11 Cover Operations .......................................................................................................... 16
2.12 Surface Water ................................................................................................................ 17
2.13 Groundwater Monitoring .............................................................................................. 18
2.14 Cleanup Activities ......................................................................................................... 19
2.15 Vector and Odor Control .............................................................................................. 19
2.16 Dust Control .................................................................................................................. 19
2.17 Erosion Control ............................................................................................................. 19
2.18 Tires ............................................................................................................................... 21
2.19 Scavenging/Salvaging .................................................................................................. 21
2.20 Record Keeping ............................................................................................................ 21

3.0 MONITORING AND INSPECTION PROCEDURES .......................................................... 22
3.1 Groundwater Monitoring Plan ..................................................................................... 22
3.2 Landfill Gas Monitoring ............................................................................................... 22
3.3 Site Evaluations ............................................................................................................. 32

4.0 CONTINGENCY PLANNING ................................................................................................ 33
4.1 Wet Weather Operations .............................................................................................. 33
4.2 Fire Control ................................................................................................................... 33
4.3 Hazardous Wastes ......................................................................................................... 35
4.4 First Aid ......................................................................................................................... 35

5.0 STAFFING ................................................................................................................................ 37
5.1 Positions ........................................................................................................................ 37
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Table of Contents - Page IV-ii

5.2 Training ......................................................................................................................... 38

6.0 SAFETY .................................................................................................................................... 39
6.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 39
6.2 Equipment ..................................................................................................................... 39
6.3 Personnel ....................................................................................................................... 40

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment IV-A Paint Filter Test
Attachment IV-B Waste Handling Guidelines
Attachment IV-C Waste Screening Procedure
Attachment IV-D Inspection Form
Attachment IV-E Groundwater Monitoring Plan
Attachment IV-F Gas Control Plan

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Page IV-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE

This operations plan relates to the operation and maintenance of Phase 1 of the Orange
County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill. The purpose of an operations report is to provide the landfill
operator with a resource document that has guidance and information to enable the operator to better
operate the site. No manual or textbook can be an effective substitute for a qualified and
experienced operator. The lessons learned from time spent on the working face of a landfill do not
always easily reduce to words. However, a manual such as this can be a resource for an operator to
rely upon for information and guidance.

The manual is divided into several sections. The subjects covered are:

Operating Methods and Procedures
Monitoring and Inspection Procedures
Contingency Planning
Staffing
Safety

A more detailed breakdown of subjects is in the table of contents.

1.2 OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY

The landfill operator has responsibilities in several areas. The term “operator” as described
here may actually encompass the duties of several people. This section is intended to convey the
overall responsibilities of the landfill operator function, not a specific job description. One operator
responsibility is financial; fee collection, accounting, budgeting, cost effective purchases and use of
resources. Another responsibility is personnel management; hiring, training, safety, promotion,
scheduling. In addition, the landfill operator has responsibilities for operations (equipment,
maintenance, security, filling, environmental controls) and planning (new working areas,
emergencies, inclement weather, equipment replacement, site improvements). Whether these
responsibilities are handled by one person or shared by several people, skillful execution of these
duties can make the landfill successful.

The landfill operator should never lose sight of the purpose of a landfill. A landfill is an
engineered method of disposing of solid waste in an environmentally sound manner. The
construction of a landfill continues every day after the landfill opens and ends when the final
closeout is complete. Even then, the care of a landfill will be a continuing process for many years
after closure.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Page IV-2

2.0 OPERATIONS METHODS AND PROCEDURES

2.1 OVERVIEW

This section of the operations manual is intended to give the operator of the landfill some
techniques and procedures to help operations run smoothly and achieve the goal of environmentally
sound waste disposal.

The operator has an important role to play in the development of the landfill. The day to
day operation will determine the quality of the landfill, perhaps more than the initial construction.
The operator must understand the purpose of each of the elements in the construction of the finished
landfill. Otherwise, seemingly unimportant elements of the landfill may be neglected even though
they might be crucial to its success. The operator should be familiar with and refer to the rules and
regulations of the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ), Division of
Waste Management (the Division) and the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning
and Design Manual. In addition, the operator must understand such things as financial controls,
public relations, employee relations and planning for emergencies. By mastering the knowledge
and skills necessary to become successful, the landfill operator is a professional in the waste
disposal industry rather than “the guy who runs the dump”.

2.2 OPERATION DRAWINGS

The Engineering Plan, Section II of this permit amendment application, contains the Permit
Amendment Drawings for this landfill. As described in this section, the Permit Amendment
Drawings show the landfill and facility features that are required to be shown by Rule .0542(b)(1).

2.2.1 Existing Conditions

Sheet 2 of the attached plans shows the existing conditions at the site, including
existing access roads, topography, structures, permitted waste limits, facility boundary,
buffer zones, boring locations, property lines, and groundwater monitoring wells.
Topography is based on an two aerial surveys completed by Suttles Engineering on
March 19, 2010 and by Summit Design and Engineering Services on March 3, 2017. As
reflected on the topography, Phase 1 filling has reached grades as high as 564 feet in
elevation. The site outside of the Phase 1 footprint, where landfilling has occurred, is
characterized by gently sloping hillsides ranging in elevation from 510 to 560 feet above
mean sea-level (MSL).

2.2.2 Phase 1 Base Grades

Sheet 3, ‘Phase 1 Base Grades’, shows the base grades of the landfill as if Phase 1
were excavated to the subgrade. Base grades are a minimum of four feet above the
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seasonal high groundwater level as shown on the drawing. The waste will be placed
directly above these base grades. This drawing reflects site conditions at the time of
construction of Phase 1, including proposed grading, access roads, stormwater controls
and erosion and sediment controls. This drawing also shows the areas of the facility that
will be set aside for specific operational uses during Phase 1 including Phase 1 limits of
waste, areas for special waste handling within the landfill unit, waste storage, and
recycling operations.

2.2.3 Phase 1 Intermediate Grades/ Phases 2 & 3 Base Grades/Intermediate Grades

Sheet 4, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Base Grades/Intermediate Grades’, shows the maximum
grades that will occur during Phase 1 filling, as well as the cell development of Phases 2
and 3. The waste will be placed directly above these base grades. The Phase 1 grades
shown on this drawing represent the grades of the top of the waste, not the final grades.
Also shown are access road, stormwater controls and erosion and sediment controls as
well as the areas of the facility that will be set aside for specific operational uses during
Phases 2 and 3 including Phases 1 through 3 limits of waste, areas for special waste
handling within the landfill unit, waste storage, and recycling operations.

2.2.4 Phases 2 and 3 Intermediate Grades

Sheet 5, ‘Phases 2 & 3 Intermediate Grades’, shows the maximum grades that will
occur during filling of Phases 2 and 3. The grades shown on this drawing represent the
grades of the top of the waste, not the final grades. Also shown are access roads, erosion
and sediment control measures, and stormwater controls.

2.2.5 Proposed Final Grades

Sheet 6, ‘Proposed Final Grades’, shows the final grades, after installation of the
landfill cap, of Phases 1 and 2 including access roads, stormwater controls and erosion
and sediment controls. Final contours have been designed with post-settlement surface
slopes of at least five percent on top of the phase, and a maximum of 3.5 horizontal to 1
vertical (3.5H:1V) on the side slopes. Details of the proposed closure cap are provided
on Sheet 8.

2.2.6 Cross Sections

Sheet 7 of the attached plans show cross sections of the landfill. The cross
sections are located on the state’s grid system which is shown on the plans. The
coordinates of the cross sections and grid lines are North 807,340 and East 1,974,169.
The cross sections show existing grade as well as the proposed final grade.

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2.2.7 Details

Sheet 8 provides construction details for the cap and for base grade preparation, a
typical section for construction of the landfill perimeter, and details for the landfill gas
vents and probes. Erosion and sediment control details for proposed features are also
shown.

2.3 HOURS OF OPERATION

The Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill is open from 7:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, and from 7:30 a.m. until noon on Saturday. The facility is closed on the
following major holidays: New Years, July 4th, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. If the
facility is closed during other holidays, third party haulers will be notified in advance.

2.4 SITE ACCESS

Access to the landfill is controlled by a locked gate at the entrance to the site along Eubanks
Road. The area is surrounded by heavily wooded areas or natural barriers limiting access. A gate
attendant is present during operating hours to screen incoming waste. The attendant screens out
unauthorized vehicles and vehicles with unauthorized cargo. Those not permitted into the landfill
will be turned away at that point. In addition, the vehicles that have special waste, such as yard
waste, tires and white goods, are directed to special unloading areas.

A sign containing the information required in Rule .0542(j)(5,6) (i.e., acceptable wastes,
hours, permit number, etc.) is posted at the facility entrance. Waste collection vehicles are weighed
in (and out if tare weights are not available for that vehicle) at the scale house. Signs are posted at
or near the landfill entrance that provides information on the hours that the landfill is open for public
use, the permit number, information regarding wastes accepted, directions to separate disposal areas
for wastes requiring special handling, information regarding waste screening, and other pertinent
information.

Traffic will move from the scales to the landfill via an all-weather haul road. The layout of
haul roads may change as needed during the course of landfill development so there is convenient
access to active disposal areas. Access roads to the landfill and to monitoring locations will be
maintained to remain passable during most weather conditions.

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2.5 WASTE ACCEPTANCE AND SPECIAL WASTE HANDLING

2.5.1 Waste Acceptance

This facility may accept solid waste in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B, except as
prohibited by the North Carolina General Statutes, Article 9 of Chapter 130A and Rules
adopted by the Commission for Health Services.

Construction/demolition waste, land clearing debris, asphalt, and inert debris are
accepted for disposal at the C&D landfill. Construction and demolition debris is defined in
NC General Statutes as waste or debris resulting solely from construction, remodeling,
repair, or the demolition of pavement, buildings, or other structures. Inert debris will include
waste brick, block and uncontaminated soils.

In accordance with Division policy, other waste types may be proposed for disposal
that are similar to waste typically found in land clearing-inert debris and
construction/demolition waste streams. Examples might be roofing shingle waste from the
shingle manufacturer, or waste building materials from a mobile home/modular home
manufacturer. If other wastes are proposed for disposal at this facility, requests for approval
will be submitted in accordance with Division requirements.

On or before August 1 of each year, Orange County will report to the Division of
Waste Management the amount of waste received in tons at this facility and disposed in the
waste disposal areas. The reporting period shall be for the previous year beginning July 1
and ending on June 30. Data will be transmitted on forms prescribed by the Division. The
report will include the following:

• The amount of waste received and landfilled in tons, compiled on a monthly
basis by specific waste type if diverted to a specific unit within the permitted
facility; and
• The completed report shall be forwarded to the Regional Waste Management
Specialist for the facility.

In addition, if requested by the Division, a volume survey will be completed once
per year.

No waste from outside Orange County will be accepted at this facility.

2.5.2 Material Recovery

Incoming C&D waste loads are not typically sorted for recyclables. Periodically,
scrap metal from mobile homes and trailers are recovered and transported off site for
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recovery. This operation is performed at the landfill working face before the mobile home is
crushed.

Some recyclable material will be source separated prior to arriving at the facility.
The recycling details are contained in operating permit 68-01. Examples of recyclable
materials that may be pulled from the waste stream include, but are not limited to: lumber,
wood waste, pallets, drywall, cardboard, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals,
concrete, bricks, soils, asphalt, and small amounts of other non-hazardous materials that are
generated at construction and demolition projects. The type of recyclable material that will
be sorted from the waste stream at any given time is market dependent.

2.5.3 Prohibited Waste

In accordance with Rule .0505(11)(b), no hazardous or liquid waste may be accepted
for disposal. The C&D landfill will also not accept the following items, as defined in G.S.
130A-290 except when defined as noted:

• municipal solid waste (MSW), including household, commercial and industrial
waste, except where the Division finds that waste meets the requirements of
Rule .0503(2)(d)(ii)(A);
• Garbage (putrescible waste)
• hazardous waste, including hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small
quantity generators;
• polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761;
• barrels and drums (except fiber drums containing asbestos), unless they are
empty and sufficiently perforated;
• friable asbestos;
• yard trash defined as solid waste consisting solely of vegetative matter resulting
from landscaping maintenance;
• if received separate from the waste stream: lead pipes, bulbs, lighting ballast or
fixtures, thermostats and light switches, transformers, capacitors, and CCA or
creosote treated woods;
• Liquid wastes;
• Medical waste;
• Radioactive waste;
• Septage and sludge waste, unless for the sole utilization as a soil conditioner and
in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0542(d);
• Special wastes;
• White goods;
• other wastes specifically banned from landfill disposal by rule or statute, such as
acid batteries, tires, oil, and aluminum cans;
• Previously crushed, unidentifiable C&D waste that is not from a facility that is
permitted to provide such materials

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Orange County will notify the NC Division of Waste Management within 24 hours
of attempted disposal of hazardous waste or other waste that the landfill is not permitted to
receive. Municipal solid waste (MSW) that is received will be collected and delivered to the
Durham County MSW Transfer Station.

Asbestos waste must be managed in accordance with 40 CFR 61. The facility will
not accept friable asbestos. The facility may accept Category I or Category II nonfriable
asbestos-containing material (ACM) as defined in 40 CFR 61. The material must be
bagged when delivered. The landfill staff will place the waste in the designated asbestos
dumping location specified on Sheet 3 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. Should this
area not be available, the bagged material may be placed in an excavated hole away from
the active working face and the placement location must be recorded. The bagged material
will then be covered with a minimum of 6 inches of compacted soil. The facility
supervisor will keep a record of any disposal of ACM, including date, time, description
of ACM, material quantity and location of disposal

Category I and Category II nonfriable ACM that meets the definition of regulated
asbestos containing material (RACM) in 40 CFR 61 cannot be accepted as follows:

1) Category I nonfriable ACM that has become friable cannot be accepted;
2) Category I nonfriable ACM that will be or has been subjected to sanding,
grinding, cutting, or abrading cannot be accepted; and
3) Category II nonfriable ACM that has a high probability of becoming or has
become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the forces expected to
act on the material in the course of demolition or renovation operations cannot
be accepted.

Customers with such materials will be advised to contact other facilities, which
may accept regulated ACM.

The landfill will also not accept any other wastes that may pose a threat to the
environment or public health are prohibited from disposal at this site. Liquid wastes are
wastes that contain "free liquid" as determined by the Paint Filter Test, Method 9095, U.S.
E.P.A., Publication SW-846. The Paint Filter Test is included as Attachment IV-A.

Municipal solid waste will be directed an offsite permitted MSW disposal facility.
These materials will not be disposed of in the C&D landfill.

Specific wastes may be accepted at the landfill if it is determined to be suitable by
the Division. The landfill operator will assume the responsibility to inspect incoming wastes
and refuse questionable wastes until the waste involved is determined to be acceptable under
the Division of Waste Management's ‘Procedure and Criteria for Waste Determination’
which, under 15A NCAC 13B .0103(d), will be used to determine whether a waste is:

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(1) hazardous as defined by 15A NCAC 13A, and
(2) suitable for disposal at a solid waste management facility.

2.5.4 Random Waste Screening Program

2.5.4.1 Authority

To prevent the acceptance of prohibited wastes, the following random waste
screening program is proposed in accordance with the North Carolina's Solid Waste
Management Regulations, Rule .0544(e). The program is primarily used to detect
hazardous waste that is mixed with MSW. However, the same methodology can be
used to keep hazardous wastes and prohibited MSW from being disposed at the
C&D landfill. Key elements of this rule are as follows:

 No hazardous or liquid wastes as defined in 15A NCAC 13A, municipal
solid waste, or materials offering an undue hazard to landfill personnel or
landfill operations shall be accepted at the C&D landfill except as
specifically authorized by the facility permit or by the Division. The
owner or operator will implement an inspection program to detect and
prevent disposal of non-permitted wastes, hazardous and liquid wastes,
and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Inspection forms for this program
are located in Attachment IV-D. The program shall include, at a
minimum:

 Random inspections of incoming loads, unless the owner or operator
takes other steps to prohibit incoming loads containing municipal solid
waste, regulated hazardous or liquid wastes, or PCB wastes;

 Records of any inspections;

 Training of facility personnel to recognize municipal solid waste,
regulated hazardous or liquid wastes, or PCB wastes; and other non-
acceptable wastes;

 Development of a contingency/action plan to properly manage non-
permitted or hazardous and/or liquid wastes that are identified.

2.5.4.2 Random Selection

Random selection of vehicles to be inspected will be conducted on a regular
basis, depending on personnel available. At least one vehicle per week, but not less
than one percent by weight of the waste stream (based on the previous week’s total)
will be randomly selected at the working face by the personnel conducting the
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inspection. A random truck number and time will be selected (i.e., the third load
after 10:00 a.m.) on the day of inspections.

2.5.4.3 Record Keeping

The Waste Screening Report Form (included in Attachment IV-C) will be
completed at each inspection. Reports and resulting correspondence will be
maintained at the landfill office for the life of the landfill and during the post-closure
period.

2.5.4.4 Training

Inspections will be supervised by the operator or by support personnel
trained to identify and manage C&D waste, municipal solid waste, and hazardous
and liquid waste.

2.5.4.5 Location

Inspections will be conducted at or near the working face of the landfill.

2.5.4.6 Contingency/Action Plan

The following action plan details the procedures to follow for conducting
random waste inspections.

1) Dump single load in prepared area and hold truck and driver until
inspection is completed.

2) Spread waste with a loader, as appropriate. Loads that include large
closed containers will be handled carefully to avoid possible rupturing of
the containers. Have appropriate safety equipment present. Minimum
safety equipment will include:

 Rubber gloves;
 Rubber boots;
 Safety glasses; and
 Long handled hoe.

3) Examine waste for excluded waste and/or safety hazards:

 Municipal solid waste (MSW);
 Containers labeled hazardous;
 Excessive or unusual moisture;
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 Biomedical (red bag) waste;
 Powders, dusts, smoke, vapors, or chemical odors;
 Sludges, pastes, slurries, or bright colors (such as dyes); and
 Unauthorized out-of-County waste.

4) Take Action: One or more as appropriate:

a) Incorporate acceptable waste into working face;
b) Remove MSW to a permitted Subtitle D MSW landfill or transfer
facility for disposal;
c) Hold suspect waste for identification by on-site personnel and
confirmation by others, if necessary, such as:
 contract laboratory;
 state authority; and/or
 federal regulator.
d) Interview driver and hauler to identify the waste source;
e) Remove hazardous or liquid waste (In Priority Order):
 Hold rejected hazardous or liquid waste for generator;
 Arrange for hazardous or liquid waste collection by licensed
collector.
f) Use the USEPA Hazardous Waste Inspection Decision Tree. (See
Attachment IV-C)
g) Contact emergency responders as necessary

5) Document Actions:

a) Record inspection;
b) Retain Reports;
c) Report hazardous liquid, or PCB wastes to Division of Waste
Management - DENR.

2.6 CALCULATED CAPACITY

The total landfill capacity, the individual phase capacities, and the year each phase is
completed are summarized in the following table.

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Table IV-1
Landfill Capacity

Phase Capacity
(cubic yards)
Net Remaining
Airspace
(cubic yards)
Area
(Acres)
Remaining
Site Life
(years)
Projected
Date
Filled
Phase 1 (active) 282,000 74,800 7.7 9.4 2026
Phases 2 & 3 257,000 257,000 4.9 32.3 2057
Phases 4 & 5 189,000 189,000 N/A 23.7 2082
Final Cover 62,000 62,000 12.6
Total
(Gross Capacity) 790,000 582,000 12.6 65.4
Notes:
1. Remaining Site life begins with a start date of March 3, 2017, the date of the latest aerial mapping.
2. Net Remaining Airspace and projected fill date assumes the utilization rate calculated between March
2011 and March 2015.
3. Phase capacity does not include final cover. Gross capacity includes final cover.

The basis for the calculations in the above table is described in the Engineering Plan.
The total facility development will consist of five phases. Phase 2 will be developed adjacent to
Phase 1. Phase 3 will “over-fill” Phase 2, and Phases 4 and 5 will “over-fill” Phases 1, 2, and 3
as shown on the cross-sections on Sheet 7.

2.7 EQUIPMENT

Orange County will operate a compactor and a dozer at the C&D landfill. Additional
equipment such as, but not limited to, excavators, loaders, and dump trucks, may be used to
conduct the day-to-day operations of the facility. Equipment can be shared as needed from the
County’s other Solid Waste facility operations.

This equipment is adequate for operations. Equipment from one area can supplement
equipment in other waste management areas. In the event of an extended breakdown of
equipment, the County has funds set aside for temporary rental of replacement equipment.
Should the compactor break down, the dozer can be used in its place for short periods of time. If the
compactor is down for an extended period of time, there are funds set aside for the rental of a
replacement.

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2.8 ACCESS ROADS

A good road system is a vital part of the smooth operation of a landfill. The goal is to get
the vehicles to the working face as quickly and safely as possible. The roads will be wide enough to
handle two way traffic and sturdy enough to carry heavy trucks in all weather. An additional 10-
foot equipment lane will be constructed where practical and feasible. As with other components of
a landfill, proper planning, advanced construction, and maintenance are imperative to a good
operation. Permanent roads will be located and constructed to last as long as possible, yet minimize
the need for temporary roads.

At a minimum, the ramps and/or on-site operation roads will be 20 feet wide. The roadway
surface will have at least six inches of stone over an 18 inch subgrade of compacted soil. The
subgrade will be placed and compacted with the moisture content close to optimum. The stone will
be placed before the next rainfall. If the subgrade is subjected to rain before placement of the stone,
then the subgrade will be reworked and recompacted. The stone will be compacted after placement.
The stone base will be six to nine inches thick.

Access roads in the landfill will maintain a minimum grade of 2 percent and will not exceed
8 percent. Keeping at least 2 percent will provide the necessary slope for positive drainage in side
ditches. Eight percent is about the maximum grade that refuse trucks should be required to climb.

The roads will be crowned to promote drainage. Both the subgrade and the base will be
sloped at a rate of 1/4" per foot (i.e. 2%) from the crown to the edge of the road. Drainage ditches
will be at least one foot deep. Side slopes and drainage ditches for permanent roads will be seeded
as soon as possible. Periodic maintenance on the roads includes removal of mud deposited on the
surface, regrading the surface to restore the crown, and cleaning of ditches to promote drainage.

Cleats on landfill compactors and construction tracks on dozers can quickly destroy the best
of roads. Travel on the roads by this equipment will be kept to a minimum and will be avoided
during wet weather.

2.9 VEHICLE CONTROL AND UNLOADING

2.9.1 Vehicle Control

Customers entering the landfill will be controlled by the operations staff using the
following procedures:

a. Screen and weigh incoming traffic at the Attendants Station. Incoming
vehicles will stop at the Attendant's Building. The Attendant can screen out
unauthorized vehicles and vehicles with unauthorized cargo. Those not
permitted into the landfill will be turned away at that point. In addition, the
vehicles that have special waste, such as recyclables or asbestos-containing
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materials, will be directed to special unloading areas. Vehicles containing
municipal solid waste will be re-directed to to a permitted Subtitle D MSW
landfill or waste transfer facility for proper disposal.

b. During operating hours, route traffic from the entrance gate and scalehouse
to the road leading to the disposal area. An adequate number of directional
signs should be posted to control the flow of traffic. Signs should be large
enough and brightly marked to attract the drivers’ attention. Signs will be
kept clean so they can be read. Commercially manufactured reflectorized
signs are recommended because they are quite durable and will last many
years. Spares should be maintained to replace signs that may be damaged.

c. The working face stage includes the inspection of the loads as they are
dumped. Should the inspector notice unapproved special wastes he should
promptly notify the front gate. The vehicle that dumped the waste should
not be allowed to leave. The waste, if it cannot be readily identified, should
be treated as dangerous and it should not be moved until it is properly
identified. The policies listed in Attachment IV-C, Waste Screening Plan,
should be followed to identify the waste.

d. The Waste Inspector can act as a spotter when needed. Spotters will be used
at the landfill working face during peak periods to direct traffic to the proper
dumping area. Keeping the working face small is a technique that will be
discussed in a later section of this manual. However, the spotter is important
in keeping the working face small. He/she will keep traffic moving by
directing vehicles to the unloading area he wants them to use. This can help
keep the face from spreading out. In addition, the spotter can act as a waste
inspector at the working face. Also, the spotter will watch for "pickers" and
scavengers and direct them away from the landfill. By keeping the
unloading operation moving the spotter can set the pace for the entire
operation.

2.9.2 Unloading

When unloading waste at the working face of the landfill there are a few simple
"rules of thumb" to remember:

a. Unload as close to the working face as possible while still leaving room for
the compactor/tractor to operate. During periods of heavy traffic, unloading
may be done adjacent to the working face by slow vehicles and at the
working face by fast moving vehicles such as compactor trucks that must
unload and return to the route quickly. When the flow of traffic eases up the
waste dumped by the slower vehicles can be pushed by a loader, dozer or the
compactor to the working face.
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b. Keep pickup trucks and other small vehicles separated from the larger
compactor trucks. A compactor truck will spread its load for up to 5 or 6
feet on each side of the truck when it unloads.

c. If truck drivers are going to do truck cleanup or secure covers or doors, have
them pull away from the working face so as to avoid blocking a space
needed by another truck.

d. The area designated for unloading should be prepared and maintained. The
area should be dragged with a loader or compactor blade periodically to
remove debris and reduce tire punctures. By keeping the unloading area
clean the drivers can maneuver more confidently and faster. During wet
weather special attention should be given to maintaining the unloading area
and providing a gravel turn around area.

e. Provisions will be made to limit tracking of mud onto public roads by
vehicles leaving the site.

2.10 WASTE HANDLING OPERATIONS

2.10.1 Fill Progression

The method of filling will be in accordance with the filling sequence shown on
Sheets 4 through 6 of the Permit Renewal Drawings. Cross-sections through the operational
areas are shown on Sheet 7. Operations within Phase 1 began at the northwest corner of the
disposal area, and are progressing south and east.

2.10.2 Working Face

In general, the fill operations should start at the high end of the working area. A
working face should be established. For a landfill of this size and type, the working face
should be approximately 50 to 75 feet wide with lifts no more than 8 to 10 feet high.
Assuming a waste stream of 26 tons per day, a working face of 400 square feet, a lift height
of 8 feet, and a compaction rate of 1,200 pounds per cubic yard, the length of a daily cell is
approximately 38 feet.

The width of the daily fill will be approximately 40 to 50 feet to provide space for
several trucks to dump at the same time. Filling will begin on the higher elevations of the
phase and proceed towards the lower elevations. This filling pattern will maintain
stormwater runoff away from the active fill area. Each subsequent lift will generally follow
the same filling pattern.

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The working face will be kept as small as possible, making the landfill operation
easier to maintain and minimizing the chance of blowing litter and contact with stormwater.
A small working face means that trucks must move and unload quickly. During peak
periods it will be necessary to unload adjacent to the working face and push the trash to it
after the traffic has lessened.

The slope on the working face should be from 4:1 to 5:1 for a compactor. The
compactor will obtain greatest compaction on a flat surface due to more efficient use of the
weight of the machine. If a crawler tractor is used as a substitute for trash placement the
slope should be increased to the 3:1 to 4:1 range. Compaction using a tracked machine is
obtained from the shredding and grinding of the waste by the tracks as the tractor works the
slope. At the end of the day the slope should be shortened to minimize the amount of
weekly cover. Weather will play a large role to determine if steeper slopes are obtainable.
Wet wastes are difficult for some equipment to climb. In such cases, the working slope
should be flattened until operations can proceed.

2.10.3 Spreading and Compacting

When pushing the trash, the compactor operator should not attempt to push such a
large amount that the machine bogs down. Full truck loads should be broken down into
three loads pushed by the compactor. The trash should be spread into layers not more than
two feet thick. The compactor will make a minimum of four or five passes on each layer to
achieve proper compaction. Large bulky items should be crushed with the compactor blade
before being run over and worked into the base of the fill.

During peak periods the operator and spotter must work together to keep the
operation running smoothly. The spotter will need to provide the time and space for the
compactor to get behind the waste that has been unloaded and push it out of the way so the
next vehicle can unload.

Areas of the various cells that have received waste, and that will be inactive for
extended periods of time will be covered with an intermediate soil layer as described in
Section 2.11.2 of this plan. Runoff from these areas will be controlled through stormwater
channels that will convey the flow to the on-site sediment basin.

2.10.4 Waste Limits

Limits of waste for Phase 1 are staked in the field. Phases 2 & 3 limits will be
similarly marked. The waste limit markers will be maintained throughout the operating
life of the facility.

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2.10.5 Compliance Survey

The Division of Waste Management may periodically request a topographical
compliance survey of portions or the entirety of the landfill in order to ensure that filling
methods are within the guidelines of this permit. The compliance survey must be performed
by a licensed surveyor. Within 60 days of written request by the Division, Orange County
must perform the compliance survey. Within 90 days, Orange County must submit the
results of the compliance survey.

2.11 COVER OPERATIONS

Covering the waste is the final phase of the waste handling operations. There are three
kinds of cover: weekly, intermediate and final.

2.11.1 Weekly Cover

Weekly cover is a minimum of six inch layer of compacted soil applied over the
waste disposal area in each of the following cases:

 the waste disposal area exceeds one half acre, or;
 at the end of each week, or;
 In order to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging

For instances when soil is used as weekly cover, stockpile areas will be planned in
advance to limit the number of times the material must be moved. It is desirable to have at
least two weeks of cover material available in the stockpiles. The stockpiles should be
located above the current fill if possible for efficient use of equipment. The cover material
stockpile should be used before the fill advances too far. This avoids leaving small piles
scattered over the site. Before depleting the stockpile, the location for the next pile should
be determined and stockpiling should begin for another two weeks’ worth of daily cover
material. After each stockpile is used the area will be graded to drain. During periods of
wet weather, cover may have to be moved by loader and trucks from the main site stockpile.

2.11.2 Intermediate Cover

Intermediate cover is applied to the fill surface that will not be used for more than 3
months. Normally this is the top surface of the trash in place in the area being worked. This
is based on the assumption that a 6-inch lift of cover soil will be placed on the working
face once per week. Intermediate cover consists of a minimum of one foot of soil (may
include daily cover). Since the intermediate cover will usually be the travel surface for later
lifts, it should be a material that can support vehicles in all sorts of weather. Should the area
receiving intermediate cover not be an all-weather travel surface, a temporary vegetative
surface or a ground cover must be established. Intermediate cover may be placed with the
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weekly cover or later depending on the operating circumstances. Intermediate cover will be
placed on cracked, eroded and uneven areas on a weekly basis.

2.11.3 Final Cover

Final cover is placed over the finished fill after fill operations are completed. The
final cover system will be placed above the intermediate/weekly cover and consists of the
following components:

 a geocomposite gas collection medium;
 a soil infiltration barrier layer that is at least 18 inches of soil;
 a minimum of 12 inches of soil above the infiltration barrier layer as a protective
layer and to support vegetative cover; and
 a minimum of six inches of vegetative/erosion control soil material to support a
vegetative growth on the cover.

Placement of final cover should be monitored for compaction and to confirm the
correct materials are used and placed to the correct depths. Placement of final cover will be
in accordance with the Specifications included as Attachment II-B to the Engineering Plan
and with the Construction Quality Assurance plan included as Section III to the permit
amendment application.

2.12 SURFACE WATER

2.12.1 Surface Water Control

One of the most important tasks for the landfill operator is to control surface water.
Surface water can cause erosion and uncover waste. It can make the working face
impassable. It can get into the landfill and create leachate. Several basic principles should
be followed in managing surface water. Because the nature and shape of the landfill is
changing daily it is not possible to plan the control of surface water over all of the landfill
during the initial design. That must be done on a day by day basis by the landfill operator.

The first principle is to plan far ahead. It is far easier to construct stormwater
diversion ditches during the dry summer and fall than to wait until the middle of the winter
to try and control water that is already flowing. The operator should be planning what the
operation should look like at least six months in advance. Planning for surface water control
means the sequence of fill must also be planned.

The second principle is to divert as much water as possible away from the working
face and the landfill itself. The use of diversion ditches and favorable slopes are the most
common techniques. Permanent diversion ditches will be installed prior to commencement
of fill operations to keep water off of the site. Temporary diversion dikes can be constructed
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on the areas just filled to keep water off of the working face. These temporary diversion
dikes will be used for short periods of time and should be removed when no longer needed.
Diversion ditches and dikes should be accompanied by proper erosion and siltation control.

Fill operation should begin at the higher elevations of the fill area and work
downhill. Therefore water will not pond against the working face. This will also keep the
access to the working face more passable. The completed fill areas should be brought up to
established intermediate or final grades and a slope of at least 5% should be maintained.

In addition to diverting water away from the working face, it should also be kept off
access roads and other areas subject to traffic.

A third principle to keep in mind is to plan for downstream handling of the water.
Diversion ditches or dikes should be carried to a proper outfall such as a permanent drainage
ditch or a natural drainage way. The outfalls of the diversion ditches must be built so as to
avoid erosion. The operator should look further downstream than the outfall. Look for
obstructions that may cause water to back up during high flows and for areas that may need
special protection due to higher flows coming from the landfill. If the operator causes an
increased flow of water that causes damage the landfill may be held responsible. Flow from
the landfill should be directed to sedimentation control features.

The fourth principle, and often the most neglected, is maintenance of the drainage
facilities. Structures that handle water are subject to wear. Landfill diversion ditches and
dikes are no different. The structures will be inspected at least monthly and after each rain
of significance. As part of the operators planning process the drainage structures will be
scheduled for routine overhaul at least once during the summer when work is easier. The
benefit from periodic inspections and repair comes when the structures work as planned and
stop gap measures don't have to be installed in the rain and the working face is passable.
Solid waste will not be deposited in, nor will be allowed to enter, surface waters or ground
waters.

The drainage structures indicated on the drawings have been designed to control run-
off and run-on from a 24-hour, 25-year storm event.

2.13 GROUNDWATER MONITORING

The Groundwater Monitoring Plan is included as Attachment IV-E to this Operations
Report. The plan represents the controlling document for obtaining and analyzing representative
groundwater samples from the uppermost aquifer underlying the existing facility.

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2.14 CLEANUP ACTIVITIES

One of the characteristics of a well-run landfill is that litter, debris and mud are cleaned up
on a regular basis. The most successful techniques are a combination of a continuing program and
periodic major clean up campaigns.

Windblown litter is not anticipated to be a significant problem at the C&D landfill due to the
heavy, bulky nature of this waste type. Prompt compaction of the waste at the working face will be
conducted to minimize litter. Temporary fences may be constructed if needed to contain windblown
material during operations. Also, landfill personnel will pick up windblown litter as needed along
the access road and in the vicinity of the disposal area.

Site cleanup activities should be scheduled in advance. Otherwise the tendency is to put the
activity off until another day. Major clean up campaigns will be held in the early spring after the
usual heavy wind period in March. A second will be needed in early summer after the usual heavy
use spring period. Another will be needed in the early fall prior to the wet season when everyone
will be occupied with water control. A fourth will be needed after the Christmas holiday season,
another high use period. These are the minimum number of major cleanup campaigns required.
More may be needed if the daily cleanup is inadequate.

2.15 VECTOR AND ODOR CONTROL

Vectors are animals that transmit disease. One of the prime functions of a landfill is to
control this potential health threat. In landfills, the most common vectors are flies, rats, and birds.
Fly larvae enter along with the waste. Rats and birds are attracted to open refuse. Odors are the
result of the waste as it is unloaded, spread, and compacted, and gases generated during the
decomposition of wastes.

The best control method for vectors and odors is the compaction and daily covering of
wastes. Compacted cover of at least 6 inches of soil or alternative synthetic daily cover will reduce
flies from emerging, provide less of an invitation to rats and birds, and slows the release of odors.

Surface cracks in daily cover will be repaired as soon as possible and intermediate cover
will be applied to areas that will not be additionally filled upon for 3 months. Intermediate cover
should be inspected and repaired on a weekly basis.

2.16 DUST CONTROL

Excessive dust can be a nuisance and a hazard. Dust can irritate eyes and lungs. Water can
be used but only to the extent that no saturation or ponding occurs. Maintaining areas for use in wet
weather and removing mud deposited on roads will also minimize dust generated. The access road
leading to the C&D landfill will be graveled for additional dust control.
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2.17 EROSION CONTROL

Erosion control on the landfill will comply with the permit drawings and the approved
sedimentation and erosion control plan. The E&S Plan with attachments (supporting
documentation) for the Phase 1 development was submitted separately to North Carolina
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (Department of Environmental Quality), Land
Quality Division and approved on April 10, 2003.

Erosion control will consist of three activities. Each will be addressed separately but should
be considered an integral part of the erosion control process.

2.17.1 Maintenance

Maintenance of existing slopes and ditches involves inspecting and repairing areas
where water has been directed and are subject to erosion. The vegetation on these slopes
will be mowed at least once per year. These slopes will be maintained by reseeding, the
application of fertilizers, and other means necessary to promote a healthy stand of
vegetation. Recommended seeding specifications are located in Attachment II-B. All
vegetative and structural erosion and sediment control devices will be maintained according
to the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual as well as
the Orange County Erosion Control Manual. Repair may consist of refilling washouts or
ditches, lining with stone or riprap, or cutting new ditches when the old ones are full.

2.17.2 Sediment Barriers

Temporary sediment barriers will be used at the base of slopes when the fill
operation begins and continued until vegetative cover is established. Silt fences, and/or
brush barriers can be used. Either type will have to be replaced periodically. Brush barriers
typically maintain their effectiveness throughout the construction period.

Silt fences should be constructed using a non-woven geotextile fabric that is resistant
to ultraviolet light and is specifically manufactured to be used in siltation control fences.
The posts will be a minimum of four square inches in cross sectional area and should be
spaced no further than 10 feet apart. The fabric should extend into a trench four inches wide
by four inches deep along the upslope side of the fence. The trench should be backfilled and
compacted over the fabric.

Brush barriers will be brush, stone, root mat, and other spoil material. The barrier
will be mounded in a row with a minimum of five feet in width and three feet in height.
Temporary sediment barriers will be inspected after each significant rainfall.

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2.17.3 Vegetative Ground Cover

After each portion of the landfill is brought up to grade or to a grade that will be
unchanged for three months the surface must be seeded to obtain a good stand of grass to
limit erosion and promote evapotranspiration. The vegetative cover, sufficient to restrain
erosion, should be established within 30 working days of completion of the area. The area
to be seeded should be tested for nutrients and pH, and fertilized as needed. These must be
worked into the top one inch of the surface. Apply seed at the following rate:

100 lb/acre Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue
30 lb/acre Sericea Lespedeza
10 lb/acre Kobe Lespedeza
25 lb/acre Pensacola Bahiagrass

Hydroseeding may be used in lieu of hand seeding or mechanical seeding. Seeded
areas must be mulched to protect the seed until a stand of grass is established. The County
reserves the right to revise the seeding mixture based on seasonal variations.

2.18 TIRES

Tires are not accepted at this disposal facility.

2.19 SCAVENGING/SALVAGING

The unauthorized removal of waste, or scavenging, is prohibited at the landfill. Only landfill
personnel may remove recyclable salvageable materials and process them through the recycling
facilities. Waste removal by landfill personnel is allowed as specified in the recycling plan that is
part of operating permit 68-01.

2.20 RECORD KEEPING

The landfill should maintain records of its activities. A landfill is going to last, for all
practical purposes, ’forever’. Years after the site closes it may be necessary to learn about its
operations. Another reason for keeping records is to have a source of information that helps in
planning. Trends in waste volumes, landfill costs, equipment and personnel needs and
environmental impact are usually projected from past records.

The following records will be maintained in the Operating Record at the landfill office, such that the
Division may readily be able to review facility records on request:

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 The landfill's Permit to Construct, Permit to Operate and pertinent correspondence and
other permits
 Operation Plan
 Engineering Plan
 Contingency Plan
 Inspection records
 Waste determination records
 Waste screening procedure (Attachment IV-C of this plan) for detecting and preventing
disposal of MSW, hazardous waste, liquid waste, PCB waste, and banned items
 Random waste inspection records
 Date, time & location of landfilled asbestos-containing material
 Additional records required by 40 CFR 61 (asbestos rules)
 Amounts by weight of construction/demolition debris received at the facility, including
the source of generation
 Training outline for waste screening training of landfill personnel
 Training procedures
 Certifications of training
 Groundwater Monitoring Plan and any demonstration, certification, finding, monitoring,
testing, corrective action or analytical data required by the approved groundwater
monitoring program at the site, as required by Rules .0544 and .0545
 Landfill Gas monitoring results and remediation plans, if applicable
 Well development and abandonment logs, including licensed professional engineer or
geologist certification
 Cost estimates and financial assurance documentation required by Rule .0546
 Notation of date and time of placement of cover material
 Audit records
 Compliance records
 Notices of intent of cell construction or closure
 Engineer Certification of cell construction or closure
 Record of notation on the property deed that the property was used as a solid waste
disposal area
 Engineer certification of completion of post-closure care

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3.0 MONITORING AND INSPECTION PROCEDURES

3.1 GROUNDWATER MONITORING PLAN

The Groundwater Monitoring Plan is included as Attachment IV-E to this Operations
Report.

3.2 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING

3.2.1 Introduction

During the decomposition of solid waste, gases are generated and released. Initially,
carbon dioxide is the primary gas generated. As more oxygen is consumed by the
decomposition, methane is generated in increasing amounts until a steady state is reached in
which methane and carbon dioxide are generated in approximately equal amounts.

Methane is an odorless and colorless gas produced by the decomposition of organic
material. Landfill gas typically consists of 45 to 50% methane by volume. Landfill gas can
move through subsurface strata, driven by pressure gradient and dispersion. The primary
hazard from methane is its combustible nature. In concentrations of 5% to 15% in air, the
mixture is explosive. At concentrations over 15% in air the gas will support a flame. The
potential for methane to accumulate in confined spaces to a concentration of 5% or more is a
health hazard.

Another potential hazard is for the methane and carbon dioxide that frequently
accompanies it to displace the ambient air and cause oxygen deficiency. Since methane
disperses very quickly, the probability of air displacement is quite remote except in tightly
confined spaces.

Section 15A NCAC 13B .0544(d)(2)(B) requires that the landfill monitor for
combustible gas on at least a quarterly basis. The regulatory limits are:

1.25% gas (25% LEL) Interiors of structures
5% gas (100% LEL) Concentration at the property boundary
(LEL = Lower Explosive Limit)

A Gas Control Plan has been prepared in accordance with Section 15A NCAC 13B
.0544(d) and is included as Attachment IV-F to this Operations Report. Monitoring
procedures are summarized below. The landfill has gas monitoring probes installed at the
locations shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings. The probes will be monitored
according to the following schedule and protocol.

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3.2.2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Systems

3.2.2.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Probes

A gas detection system was installed around the perimeter of the fill area.
The probes were placed at approximately 250 to 300-foot intervals. Future probes
will be generally spaced 250 feet apart around the perimeter of the C&D unit. This
spacing is determined to be adequate based on the nature of the waste, the site
specific geology, and the remote location of the waste unit. Probe locations are
shown on the Permit Amendment Drawings.

Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL)
being detected in various probes, a landfill gas interception trench and has been
installed at the facility. The Landfill Gas Remediation Plan by Draper Aden
Associates dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information,
plans and specifications for the interception trench. Gas venting and other
controls are described in detail in the Gas Control Plan.

Boreholes for existing probes were advanced to just above the unsaturated
zone. The depths of the probes are listed in Specification Section 13322 Part 2.01.

Of the probes that have been installed at the facility, several probes are a part
of the compliance network and are monitored per the schedule in Section 3.2.2.3 of
this plan. The ID’s of these compliance probes are as follows:

GP-CD1 GP-CD6R GP-CD9 GP-CD12
GP-CD2 GP-CD7R GP-CD10 GP-CD13R
GP-CD3 GP-CD8R GP-CD11 GP-CD18
GP-CD4R

Future landfill gas probes will be advanced to just above seasonal high
groundwater levels, or approximately 15 to 20 feet. One single-screen probe will be
installed typically. Nested or clustered probes may be necessary in certain cases,
such as when an exceedance of the lower explosive limit or a depth-to-groundwater
of 45 feet or greater is present. The probe will be fitted with one quick connect
coupling for each nested monitoring screen, which will remain closed between
monitoring events. The probe will be equipped with a removable cap, lock and
label, and will be constructed in accordance with Specification Section 13322. A
North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer must be present to
supervise the installation of all landfill gas monitoring wells.

Prior to installation of any probes, the exact location, screened intervals and
nesting of the probe will be submitted to the DENR Solid Waste Section for
approval. Within thirty (30) days of well construction, an updated, scaled probe
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location map, boring log and diagram will be submitted to the Solid Waste Section,
which will include probe location and elevation determined by a North Carolina
Registered Land Surveyor, total depth, screened interval, and distance above the
seasonal high water table.

Abandonment of wells will be in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C .0113(d)
and certified by a North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer.
An abandonment record will be provided to the DENR Solid Waste Section within
thirty (30) days of well abandonment.

Should probes, whether existing or proposed, be added or subtracted to the
network, a request will be provided to the Division.

3.2.2.2 Structure Sampling

Landfill gas migration can result in a fire and explosion hazard when
methane accumulates in confined spaces such as pits, basements, and buildings.
Inhabitable structures will be monitored as described in this section.

3.2.2.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency

(1) Quarterly for exterior probes with consistent readings of less than 1.25%
CH4.

(2) Monthly for exterior probes reading over 1.25% CH4.

(3) Quarterly for structures.

Non-compliance probes will be monitored as necessary in order to gain
additional information on migration of landfill gases.

3.2.3 Landfill Gas Sampling

3.2.3.1 Detection Equipment

Exterior probes surrounding a landfill and interior of inhabitable structures
are routinely measured for methane content by percent volume. If the data collected
during routine sampling of the exterior probes is used for design of an active landfill
gas control system in the future, then the data should be referenced to atmospheric
conditions.

Monitoring for methane can be accomplished with acceptable accuracy with
a portable combustible gas meter calibrated for methane. The meter should have a
dual scale that reads either 0-5% methane or 0-100% methane. Accessories should
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include line trap assemblies, sampling hoses, probe tube, spare filters, and spare
aspirators or batteries. Instruments based upon infrared technology are
recommended, such that methane concentrations are not biased in low-oxygen
environments. Self-contained landfill gas monitoring and recording units such as the
Gas Data LMSx or Landtec GEM 500 or GEM 2000 are recommended. These units
can also measure probe pressure.

Prior to sampling, monitoring instruments should be calibrated in the field
according to manufacturer’s specifications to detect the following parameters:
methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen. Calibration and span procedures shall be
performed on the instrument using a canister that is within the range of expected
methane levels. For example, if low levels of methane are expected, a 15 CO2/15
CH4 canister can be used for calibration. Should high methane levels be expected, a
35 CO2/50 CH4 canister can be used. Methane zeroing should be done using
ambient air in an open area, while oxygen zeroing can be done using any zero-
oxygen bottle.

3.2.3.2 Sampling and Analysis Procedures

Monitoring should be scheduled during a time when landfill gas is most
likely to migrate. Gas migration is most likely when barometric pressure is low, or
when soils are saturated with water. This typically includes:

 Afternoon hours;
 Frozen ground conditions
 Snow-covered ground conditions
 Snow-thaw conditions
 When barometric pressure is low

(1) Perimeter Monitoring

The gas probes will be inspected upon arrival at each probe.
Damaged probes will be repaired or replaced. In the event of settlement
around the probe, the area will be regraded and a new concrete apron will be
constructed.

The meter will be used in general accordance with the following
procedure:

1. Prepare the Monitoring Data Form, included as Appendix 1 to
the Gas Control Plan, Attachment IV-F to this Operations
Report, with the required information of facility name, permit
number, type and serial number of gas monitoring instrument,
factory calibration date of the instrument, date of landfill gas
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monitoring event, name and position of sample collector, pump
rate of instrument being used, ambient air temperature, and
general weather conditions.
2. At the initial probe and all subsequent probes that are expected to
have a significant difference in methane content from the
previous probe, calibrate the meter with the calibration gases in
accordance with manufacturer specifications. Record on the
Monitoring Data Form the date and time of field calibration,
type of gas used for field calibration (15/15 or 35/50), and
expiration date of field calibration gas canister.
3. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Record purge time
and verification of purge on the Monitoring Data Form.
4. Clean around the probe cap to keep dirt from entering the sample
tubes.
5. Remove the probe cap.
6. Connect the meter to the probe to be measured.
7. Pump until a steady state is reached. The reading should not vary
by more than 0.5 percent by volume according to the
instrument’s scale.
8. The meter will automatically record the concentrations of
methane, oxygen, and other gases. Manually record methane,
oxygen and carbon-dioxide concentrations and barometric
pressure on the Monitoring Data Form. Should oxygen read
higher than 2%, the reading may be faulty and should be verified
with a second reading.
9. Disconnect the meter. Replace probe covers and caps and shut
the valve, if applicable.
10. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Move to the next
probe if applicable.
11. Repeat steps 2 - 10.

After probes have been measured, measure the gas standards using
the meter to verify that the calibrations have not drifted.

Reports of readings that exceed the regulatory limits will be
submitted to the Division upon completion. A copy of reports should be
kept at the landfill or administrative offices in the official operating record.

(2) Interior Monitoring

Interior spaces will be monitored using the selected combustible-
gas meter in accordance with the following procedures. When personnel
are required to fully enter an area to be monitored, oxygen should be
monitored prior to methane. If the oxygen content is less than 19.5
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percent, the air is considered as oxygen deficient and could be harmful to
human health and safety.

(a) Oxygen Content Testing

1. Prepare the Monitoring Data Form, included as Appendix 1
to the Gas Control Plan, Attachment IV-F to this Operations
Report, with the required information of facility name,
permit number, type and serial number of gas monitoring
instrument, factory calibration date of the instrument, date
of landfill gas monitoring event, name and position of
sample collector, pump rate of instrument being used,
ambient air temperature, and general weather conditions.

2. Prepare the oxygen meter by calibrating to ambient air in an
open space or outdoors.

3. At each location tested for methane above, test for oxygen
content by inserting oxygen probe.

4. Pump and read meter after pointer has stabilized. The
reading should not vary by more than 0.2 percent by volume
according to the instrument’s scale.

5. Test for oxygen levels at approximately one foot above the
floor and approximately five feet above the floor.

6. Record readings on Monitoring Data Form.

(b) Methane Monitoring
1. At the initial structure and all subsequent structures that are
expected to have a significant difference in methane content
from the previous structure, calibrate the meter with the
calibration gases in accordance with manufacturer
specifications. Record on the Monitoring Data Form the date
and time of field calibration, type of gas used for field
calibration (15/15 or 35/50), and expiration date of field
calibration gas canister. Set the meter to 0% on the 0-5%
scale. Install the gas sampling hose and probe rod.

2. Purge the meter for a minimum of 60 seconds. Record purge
time and verification of purge on the Monitoring Data Form.

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3. Enter the test area in a manner that minimizes the creation of
air movements that can disperse methane. If sampling air in
a closed space (such as a sewer clean-out), keep the cover
closed as much as possible to reduce dispersal of the gas.

4. Place the probe in the area to be tested. Let the meter pointer
stabilize and read the percent gas indicated. If the percent is
over 5% remove the probe, switch to the 0-100% scale and
repeat the reading.

5. The meter will automatically record the concentrations of
methane, oxygen, and other gases. Manually record
methane, oxygen and carbon-dioxide concentrations and
barometric pressure on the Monitoring Data Form.

6. Remove the probe and repeat Steps 1 through 5 at the same
location to obtain two readings. The readings should be
duplicated within 1-2%.

7. Replace covers and caps, if applicable and move to the next
structure.

8. Repeat steps 1 - 7.

If methane readings over 1.25% are recorded, the source should be
investigated and the area ventilated. Readings of 5% or greater should be cause for
immediate evacuation of the affected area. Begin ventilation immediately and begin
a search for the source of the gas. Do not re-occupy until the gas levels are
maintained below 1.25%.

As a general rule, maintaining a good air flow in the building and good
ventilation will help reduce potential gas buildup situations. In addition, areas that
are usually closed off such as janitorial closets and equipment service areas can be
helped with louvered doors and through-the-wall vents.

Reports on interior testing should be transmitted to the Solid Waste Division
immediately upon completion. High readings requiring evacuation or extra
ventilation should be reported immediately.

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3.2.4 Record Keeping and Reporting

3.2.4.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form

A Monitoring Data Form is included as Appendix 1 to the Gas Control Plan,
Attachment IV-F to this Operations Report. The form will be used any time that a
probe is monitored for compliance. Completed forms will be kept on file at the
facility.

3.2.4.2 Sampling Reports

Reports on interior testing will be transmitted to the Solid Waste Division
immediately upon completion.

3.2.4.3 Permanent Record Keeping

The facility will have on file all interior testing reports as submitted to the
Solid Waste Division. The file will include correspondence to and from the
Division.

The facility will have on file all well completion logs and well abandonment
logs as submitted to the Solid Waste Division, including boring logs, diagrams, and
scaled probe location maps showing probe location and elevation determined by a
North Carolina Registered Land Surveyor, total depth, screened interval, and
distance above the seasonal high water table. The file will include correspondence
to and from the Division.

At the time of closure of the landfill, records will be transferred to the
administration office of the Orange County Solid Waste Management Department.
Reporting to DENR Solid Waste Division and record keeping by the County will
continue through post-closure.

3.2.5 Contingency Plan

Rule .0544(d)(3) of the solid waste rules indicate that the landfill operator must take
certain steps when the regulatory limits of gas concentration are reached. Those steps are as
follows.

1. Immediately take all steps necessary to protect human health and notify the
Solid Waste Division.

2. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane
gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human
health.
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3. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane
gas releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the
division that the plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the
nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remediation.

4. The Division may establish alternative schedules for demonstrating
compliance with Subparagraphs (3) (B) and (3)(C). [Rule .0544(d)(3)]

Waiting until the regulatory concentration limits occurs before taking action may
accidentally place the site in non-compliance status. Consequently, the following interim
action level is recommended. If the exterior probes read 1.25% gas for three consecutive
months, the operator will make further investigation in the vicinity of the suspect probes.
The investigation will determine if additional monitoring is needed or if active or passive
gas control systems are needed.

Should the investigation indicate a need for additional gas controls , the Solid Waste
Division will be notified. A schedule for implementation will be established with the
Division and implementation will take place according to that schedule.

3.2.6 Certification of Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer

A North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer must be present
to supervise the installation of all landfill gas monitoring wells. Installation and
abandonment of any gas probes must be certified by a North Carolina Professional
Geologist or Professional Engineer.

The Gas Control Plan included as Attachment IV-F to this Operations Plan must be
certified by a North Carolina Professional Geologist or Professional Engineer. The
Professional Certification Statement is included as Appendix 2 to the Gas Control Plan.

3.2.7 Certification of Registered Land Surveyor

The boring logs and/or well diagrams that are to be submitted to the Solid Waste
Section following well construction must be signed and sealed with the stamp of a North
Carolina Registered Land Surveyor.

3.3 SITE EVALUATIONS

The landfill operator must inspect and maintain the landfill equipment and systems.
Attachment IV-D is a minimum list of the items to be inspected. The list indicates the frequency of
the inspections. The list has blank lines to allow the operator to add items as experience dictates.
Periodically the landfill operator should evaluate the overall landfill operations. Two levels of
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
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Page IV-32

evaluation are recommended. A monthly evaluation of the general site conditions should look for
problems with routine operations. Deficiencies can be incorporated into a "punch list" for further
action. Items appearing for more than two months should trigger a more detailed look at that
portion of the operation. Twice yearly the landfill should be evaluated in detail. After the
evaluation, a plan to correct deficiencies should be developed. Samples of the checklists are
included in Attachment IV-D.

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Page IV-33

4.0 CONTINGENCY PLANNING

4.1 WET WEATHER OPERATIONS

During periods of wet weather it will be necessary to depart from normal operating
procedures. The goals in wet weather operations are to minimize the size of the working area to
avoid disturbing as much area as possible, minimize the haul distance off of the access road to keep
vehicles from getting stuck and tracking mud and expose as little trash as possible to the rain to
reduce leachate generation.

Most of the time the regular working face can be used if there is good access to it. To keep
the surface of the landfill passable, temporary access roads should be built on each lift. These roads
will serve the next higher lift. A combination of #3 and #57 stone will make a solid base for traffic,
even in very wet weather. By using the same route over the fill the road will be compacted by
vehicles and become quite hard.

Occasionally, there will be prolonged periods of rain that will make even the best access
road impassable. During these periods an area reserved for wet weather operations should be used.
By careful monitoring of the weather forecasts the long range prospects for rain can be reasonably
determined. When the prospects of rain are high the operations should change slightly. The
vehicles should be directed to the designated wet weather area. This area should be as close as
possible to the access road. Stone should be spread to provide an area for the vehicles to turn
around and reach the working face. Mud in front of the working face should be bladed away by the
loader or the compactor. Additionally, a stockpile of cover material should be kept on hand during
the wet months in the fall and spring. During these months hauling from one of the large stockpiles
may be impossible. It is desirable to have a small stockpile of about two weeks cover material kept
adjacent to the wet weather fill area. After using the stockpile it should be replenished and the area
graded to drain. The stockpile should be used before the fill advances too far. This avoids leaving
small piles scattered over the site. During the wet period in the spring the wet weather area may be
needed several times.

To avoid having to tow vehicles out of the landfill, a stockpile of crushed stone should be
kept ready to restore the access road.

4.2 FIRE CONTROL

Landfill operations will comply with all applicable requirements developed under a State
Implementation Plan (SIP) pursuant to the most current amendment of Section 110 of the Clean Air
Act.

In accordance with Rule .0542(i)(2) of the Solid Waste Management Regulations, open
burning of waste, except for site-generated land-clearing debris and emergency clean-up debris as
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Page IV-34

approved by the Division, is prohibited at the landfill. Should approved burning occur, the burning
date and time will be included in the operating record.

To provide immediate capability to stop small fires, each piece of equipment should be
fitted with at least one multipurpose dry chemical fire extinguisher. In addition, the compactor and
loader that work in the waste should have built in fire suppression systems for the engine
compartments. The fire department can provide training in proper use of fire extinguishers. This
training is highly recommended since proper fire extinguisher technique is not obvious and must be
learned.

For larger fires, two techniques may be used. If the fire is relatively small and there are few
vehicles around the operator may attempt to put out the fire. Equipment used in this procedure must
be free of hydraulic and fuel leaks and the pan must be fairly clean or the equipment will catch fire.
First the burning waste must be pushed out of the working face. The operator must position himself
between the fire and the waste and, using the blade push the burning waste on to ground. Obviously
the quicker this is done the smaller the pile will be. Once the burning waste is separated from the
working face the operator should spread out the waste into a thin lift. Dirt should be spread on the
surface of the lift and using the dirt as a cushion the operator should walk his machine over the
burning waste to smother the fire. Once the fire appears out the operator should check it by un-
covering the waste. If the fire is still burning the above procedure should be repeated until the fire is
out.

For larger fires the Fire Department should be called. The New Hope Fire Department
services the fire district surrounding the site. A coordinated effort by the landfill staff and the Fire
Department can extinguish a landfill fire quickly. In this procedure the waste is separated from the
working face as before. The waste is also spread into a thin lift. Then, the loader operator uses his
bucket to lift the waste a few feet as he passes over the waste. While he is doing this the Fire Crew
is spraying the waste as it is lifted. Water in sedimentation ponds and nearby creeks can be used by
firefighters to assist in extinguishing fires. This allows the waste to be thoroughly wetted rather
than just the surface if the fire was just sprayed in place. Several passes will usually be required to
extinguish the fire. This procedure also has the advantage of using a relatively small amount of
water. It is recommended that the loader used have an enclosed cab. A compactor can also be used
but it is usually slower.

All landfill employees should be instructed in the firefighting techniques. Emergency
numbers are listed in the Contingency Plan section of Attachment IV-C. This list should be posted
in a conspicuous place and updated as needed. The landfill operator should review the firefighting
procedures with the fire department to gain their cooperation and to avoid confusion when they
arrive at the landfill. The middle of a fire is no place to conduct a class.

Authorized representatives of the Fire Department should be provided keys to the entrance
gate. They should also be given permission to cut the lock if necessary to gain entry.

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Page IV-35

If fires do occur on the landfill, the Division of Waste Management will be verbally notified
within 24 hours of the fire and written notification will be submitted to the Division within 15 days
of the occurrence.

4.3 HAZARDOUS WASTES

The regulations specifically prohibit the acceptance and disposal of hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste is defined by regulation as "a solid waste, or combination of solid wastes, that
because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may:

a. cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious
irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness; or

b. pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment
when improperly treated, stored, transported or disposed of, or otherwise managed."

The landfill operator should become familiar with the regulations on hazardous waste
management.

Even though hazardous waste is prohibited at the landfill and the prohibition is posted at the
entrance, some small quantities of hazardous waste may get into the landfill. The personnel
working at the entrance facility and the working face should be aware of the more common items
they might find and how to handle those items. The procedures in the Waste Screening Plan,
Attachment IV-C to this Operations Report, are the minimum that should be followed if a
suspicious item is found.

4.4 FIRST AID

The moving of heavy equipment, the maneuvering of collection trucks and smaller vehicles
and the mix of materials found on a landfill combine to create a hazardous environment. Managing
the hazardous environment is the subject of another section. This section deals with handling the
consequences of an injury from an accident.

Immediate response is critical to the successful treatment of an injury. At least one person
trained in basic first aid should be on the site at all times. It is preferable that at least one person
trained in advanced first aid be on the site. These courses are available at a modest cost from the
American Red Cross and many rescue squads. An industrial first aid kit should be kept at the office
at all times where everyone can find it. Vehicles should have smaller portable first aid kits. The
telephone number of the nearest rescue squad should be posted beside every telephone.

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All injuries should be reported and the appropriate reports filed. This will protect the
County and the employee in the case of a workman’s compensation claim. It will also give the
supervisor a record to check. If the same type of injury keeps reoccurring, then the cause or a
method to avoid the injury causing action should be found and changes in procedures made.
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Page IV-37

5.0 STAFFING

5.1 POSITIONS

The landfill staff turns the plans for the landfill into reality. The quality of the landfill
operation rests almost entirely with the staff. If they execute the plans properly the landfill will
operate successfully. The County’s liability from the landfill will be minimized. The following
sections discuss briefly the roles and responsibilities normally associated with the positions found at
the most landfills.

The Solid Waste Management Director has overall responsibility for site operations, as well
as general site planning. The Director is responsible for policy and field design decisions.

The County Solid Waste Management Department is the primary site operator. The County
is responsible for the daily activities at the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill. The
Director, or his duly appointed representative, will directly supervise and inspect daily operations.

The on-site supervisor or equivalent personnel will be trained and will maintain training in
all aspects of landfill operation as outlined in Section 5.2 below. The on-site supervisor or
equivalent personnel will, in accordance with Rule .0542(j)(2) and G.S. 130A-309.25, be on site
while the facility is open for public use and at all times during active waste management. The on-
site supervisor will administer the daily instructions and be responsible for the proper operation and
maintenance of the equipment. Additional duties may include personnel administration and
handling problems with customers. He should also keep the Director up to date on the needs and
problems of the landfill.

The equipment operators are responsible for the waste handling activities, including
placement and compaction, cover material excavation, daily equipment servicing and minor
maintenance and other miscellaneous duties such as site cleanup.

The gate attendants are responsible for handling the incoming vehicles. Vehicles must be
processed through the attendant’s station and accurately charged for their waste. Vehicles must be
screened and sent to the proper part of the landfill for the waste they are carrying. The gate
attendants should be familiar with the operational aspects of the landfill. They can then give
customers accurate answers to their questions about landfill rules and policies. Gate attendants
assist with other general activities.

The landfill staffing includes full time inspectors. These inspectors perform waste screening
of incoming loads and assist with directing traffic.

Occasionally, it may be necessary to add additional staff for special projects such as major
cleanup campaigns and construction. Other County staff or part time employees should be
considered.
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Page IV-38

5.2 TRAINING

Training is available for employees from many sources. Solid waste trade and professional
associations sponsor seminars and training at low or no costs. One such seminar is the Certified
Landfill Manager course offered by the Solid Waste Association of North America. The American
Red Cross, Fire Department and National Safety Council can provide first aid, fire and vehicle
safety information. Equipment manufacturers are a source of information on equipment operation.
A qualified firm will conduct groundwater and surface water monitoring, and a certified
environmental laboratory will conduct laboratory analysis. The following training program can be
implemented at a fairly low cost:

Subject Employees Frequency

Waste Handling Supervisor, Operators Initial Employment & Annual

Waste Monitoring All Initial Employment & Annual

Review of All Initial Employment & Annual
Operations Report

Review of Permit All Initial Employment & Annual
and Regulations

Reporting and All Initial Employment & Annual
Recordkeeping

Equipment O & M Operators Semi-Annual And With
All New Equipment

First Aid, CPR Supervisors Yearly

Fire Control All, Fire Dept. Semi-Annual

Hazardous Material All Semi-Annual

Recognizing All Yearly
Hazardous Wastes

General Safety All Monthly
Operators Weekly

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Revised June 23, 2017
Page IV-39

6.0 SAFETY

6.1 GENERAL

The cost of an accident can be several times the medical expenses required to bring an
employee back to work. The personnel working on a landfill are exposed to a variety of hazards
from heavy equipment, vehicles and the many materials they handle.

The sources of injury could be fire or explosion, contact with contaminants, falls, equipment
accidents, traffic accidents and enclosed areas such as manholes. An effective safety program will
train the employees to see the hazards early and avoid them or change the situation to eliminate the
hazard. The principle of risk management can be practiced on a landfill.

First, inventory activities to assess hazards. Once the hazards are recognized, determine
who is exposed to the hazard and how often the exposure exists. The goal then is to do one of three
things.

a. Reduce the exposure to the hazard by isolating the hazardous situation or eliminating
it. An example may be to place a guard rail next to a steep slope.

b. Change the frequency of exposure to the hazard. For example, the servicing of a
piece of equipment may be put on a less frequent cycle by use of a higher grade oil
or part.

c. Where exposure cannot be guarded or reduced the employee must be trained to work
in the hazardous environment and give the necessary protective equipment. An
example will be the inspection of the landfill gas venting system.

6.2 EQUIPMENT

Most safety training can be accomplished by use of the many packaged training programs.
Some equipment manufactures can provide training films that are usually available on a loan basis.

The following checklist for safe equipment operation may be useful.

a. Check equipment before starting
b. Use steps and handholds
c. Keep steps clean
d. Inspect area before moving
e. Operate from driver’s seat
f. Wear seat belts
g. Never mount moving equipment
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Page IV-40

h. Authorized passengers only
i. Keep bucket or blade low
j. Check blind areas
k. Keep enough clearance
l. Avoid sidehill travel
m. Avoid excessive speed
n. Do not crush sealed containers
o. Go carefully over bulky items
p. Check work area
q. Park on level ground
r. Lower attachments to ground when parked
s. Never jump from equipment
t. Avoid leaving equipment unattended
u. Always have adequate lighting
v. Clean equipment before repairing
w. Remain in seat during equipment adjustments

6.3 PERSONNEL

Steel toe safety shoes with steel sole plates and gloves should be required apparel for landfill
personnel. If necessary, dust protection should be provided. Good hygiene should be stressed to all
personnel to prohibit the spread of contamination. Smoking on the landfill and in any confined area
should be discouraged.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-A

ATTACHMENT IV-A

PAINT FILTER TEST

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-A

Method 9095

Paint Filter Liquids Test

1.0 Scope and Application

1.1 This method is used to determine the presence of free liquids in a representative
sample of waste.

1.2 The method is used to determine compliance with 40 CFR 264.314 and 265.314.

2.0 Summary of Method

2.1 A predetermined amount of material is placed in a paint filter. If any portion of the
material passes through and drops from the filter within the 5-min (minute) test period, the
material is deemed to contain free liquids.

3.0 Interferences

3.1 Filter media were observed to separate from the filter cone on exposure to alkaline
materials. This development causes no problems in the sample is not disturbed.

4.0 Apparatus and Material

4.1 Conical paint filter: Mesh number 60 (fine meshed size). Available at local paint
stores such as Sherwin-Williams and Glidden for an approximate cost of $0.07 each.

4.2 Glass funnel: If the paint filter, with the waste, cannot sustain its weight on the ring
stand, then a fluted glass funnel or glass funnel with a mouth large enough to allow at least 1
in. of the filter mesh to protrude should be used to support the filter. The funnel is to be
fluted or have a large open mouth in order to support the paint filter yet not interfere with the
movement, to the graduated cylinder, of the liquid that passes through the filter mesh.

4.3 Ring Stand and ring, or tripod.

4.4 Graduated cylinder or breaker: 100-mL.

5.0 Reagents

5.1 None

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-A

6.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

6.1 All samples must be collected according to the directions in Chapter Nine of EPA
SW-846.

6.2 All 100-mL or 100-g representative sample is required for the test. It is not possible
to obtain a sample of 100 mL or 100 g that is sufficiently representative of the waste, the
analyst may use larger size samples in multiples or 100 Ml or 100 g, i.e., 200, 300, 400 mL
of g. However, when larger samples are used, analysts shall divide the sample into 100-mL
or 100-g portions and test each portion separately. If any portion contains free liquids, the
entire sample is considered to have free liquids.

7.0 Procedure

7.1 Assemble test apparatus as shown in the attached Figure.

7.2 Place sample in the filter. A funnel may be used to provide support for the paint
filter.

7.3 Allow sample to drain for 5 min into the graduated cylinder.

7.4 If any portion of the test material collects in the graduated cylinder in the 5 min-
period, then the material is deemed to contain free liquids for purposes of 40 CFR 2.64.314
and 265.314.

8.0 Quality Control

8.1 Duplicate samples should be analyzed on a routine basis.

9.0 Method Performance

9.1 No data provided.

10.0 References

10.1 None required.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
June 23, 2012
Attachment IV-B

ATTACHMENT IV-B

WASTE HANDLING GUIDELINES

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
June 23, 2012
Attachment IV-B

VARIOUS WASTES, THEIR CHARACTERISTICS,
PROBLEMS, AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES

Waste Materials Compactability Special Problems Disposal
and Precautions Procedures
Volatile and Flammable Wastes

Paints, paint residues Good Do not accept at landfill Generally classified as not
cleaning fluids, Accepted at household hazardous.
magnesium shavings, hazardous waste
and other liquids, powders facility.
or solids

Incinerator Fly Ash and Residue
(must have permission from State to Accept)

Fly ash, bottom ash Good Do not accept at landfill. Wet it if necessary to prevent
it from blowing, then
incorporate into landfill.

Residue remaining after Good Do not accept at landfill. Requires TCLP and incineration
combustion special approval for
(MSW ash) acceptance. Incorporate
into fill and, if necessary,
cover immediately.

Chemical and Pesticide Containers

Empty containers and Good If open or able to be Incorporate into
drums sufficiently perforated, landfill and crush.
it may be accepted.
If not, dispose at properly
permitted MSW facility.

Full or partially full Do not May damage Final detoxification and
containers compact environment. Do not disposal by incineration or
accept in landfill. pyrolysis (elsewhere).
Accepted in household
hazardous waste
facility.

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Permit Amendment - Operations Report
June 23, 2012
Attachment IV-B

Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Wastes

MSW Good Do not accept at landfill. Dispose of in MSW landfill.

Papers, cans, bottles, and Usually Boxes and containers Recycle materials except for
glass containers, cardboard excellent may act as cushion or paper and food waste. Dispose
and wooden boxes, food bridge, protecting low- of those materials in MSW
wastes, lumber, metals. strength materials from landfill
(Recycle above materials compaction. (Request
except for paper and generator to recycle
food wastes.) cardboard and metal).

Brush, yard clippings Poor Not accepted in Disposal of in brush handling
landfill. area.

Bulky Wastes

Car bodies, large appliances Difficult, Not accepted in landfill. Separate areas area provided
tree stumps, timbers except with for disposal.
steel-wheeled
compactors
with chopper
blades.

Dead Animals

Birds, cats, dogs, and Do not accept. Not accepted.
other small animals.

Cows, horses Do not accept. Not acceptable.

Industrial Process Wastes

Liquids, semi-liquids Care must be taken Not accepted.
to not pollute surface
and groundwater. Contact
State for guidance.

Films and light, fluffy, Good Care must be taken Cover immediately. Friable
easily airborne May be asbestos asbestos not accepted.
materials. containing wastes.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
June 23, 2012
Attachment IV-B

Granules, shavings, Good Health hazards to Cover immediately. Waste
turnings, powders. operating personnel, determination may be
abrasive or corrosive required.
to machinery.

Large sheets of plastic, Very poor Health hazard to Cover immediately. May
metal, wood, etc. operating personnel, be recycled if possible.
abrasive or corrosive
to machinery.

Defective products. Variable Drivers and helpers Incorporate into fill
(non-chemical) may be tempted to immediately and compact.
scavenge.

Radioactive Wastes and Explosives

Explosives Do not Danger to personnel DO NOT ACCEPT.
compact and equipment.

Radioactive wastes Do not Not acceptable for DO NOT ACCEPT. If
compact any landfill detected in delivery, isolate
personnel and vehicle, then
contact regulatory authorities,
State Police, and/or Fire Dept.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-C

ATTACHMENT IV-C

Waste Screening Procedure
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Orange County, North Carolina

Prepared for
Orange County Solid Waste Management Department

Prepared By

Draper Aden Associates
930 Main Campus Drive
Suite 151
Raleigh, NC 27606
919.827.0864

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-C- Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Regulations ...................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 Responsibility .............................................................................................................................. 1

3.0 Notifications ................................................................................................................................. 1

4.0 Initial Inspection .......................................................................................................................... 2

5.0 Random Waste Screening Procedure ......................................................................................... 2

5.1 Inspection Frequency ...................................................................................................... 2

5.2 Random Inspections ........................................................................................................ 2

5.3 Continuous Observation ................................................................................................. 3

5.4 Recordkeeping ................................................................................................................ 3

5.5 Training ........................................................................................................................... 3

5.6 Contingency Plan ............................................................................................................ 3

Appendix – Figures

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Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-C- Page 1

1.0 Introduction

This waste screening plan was prepared for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D
Landfill. The plan is based on information from the SWANA Publication, Waste Screening at
Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities. Figures 1-5 of this procedure are based on that
document.

This plan is intended to provide guidance to the facility operator, the Orange County Solid
Waste Management Department, for implementation of a waste screening program. The plan is a
supplement to the site operating policies and procedures.

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this plan is to provide guidance for municipal solid waste screening.
Waste screening is defined as the process of detecting and diverting unauthorized,
unacceptable, MSW, regulated Hazardous, regulated Medical, Radioactive, PCB and liquid
waste from the Landfill Disposal Unit.

1.2 Regulations

Applicable Regulations:

 40 CFR Subpart 61M - National Emission Standards for Asbestos
 40 CFR Subpart 761D – Storage and Disposal of PCB’s
 15A NCAC 13B .0534 - General Requirements for C&DLF Facilities and Units

2.0 Responsibility

The facility operator is responsible for notifying the facility users of the criteria for waste
acceptance. The facility operator is responsible for implementing the Waste Screening Plan.

3.0 Notifications

The operator will provide to every commercial operator statements that incoming waste is
subject to screening and a listing of unacceptable wastes and/or waste acceptance policies. In
general the following are not acceptable wastes for the C&D Waste Disposal Unit. Some of the
wastes may be acceptable at other units.

Regulated Hazardous Wastes
Waste Containing PCB's
Radiological Waste
Regulated Medical Waste
Unrinsed Pesticide Containers
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill Permit Amendment - Operations Report Revised June 23, 2017 Attachment IV-C- Page 2

Liquids (A waste is classified as liquid if it fails the "Paint Filter Test".) Yard Trash - A separate handling area is provided
Asbestos-containing material
Waste Oil - A separate handling area is provided Tires - A separate handling area is provided Municipal Solid Waste Unapproved Industrial/Commercial Waste
Any other special waste as determined by the facility operator (See the list of banned items
on Pages 4 and 5 of the Operations Report.) Applications for acceptance of industrial, commercial or special waste must be submitted to the Orange County Solid Waste Management Department.

A sign or signs will be posted at the landfill entrance stating that wastes are subject to inspection and unacceptable waste will be excluded. 4.0 Initial Inspection
The scale attendant will determine from the waste hauler the nature and origin of the waste being delivered. Unacceptable waste discovered at this point will either be turned away or directed to a proper disposal/handling facility. New or unfamiliar haulers will be subject to detailed questioning as to the character of their loads. Refer to Figures 1-3.

5.0 Random Waste Screening Procedure The following procedure will be used to randomly inspect incoming waste haulers so as to screen out the above listed wastes.

5.1 Inspection Frequency Loads will be inspected at the frequency of at least one (1) inspection per week of the commercial and industrial haulers, or loads mixed with residential waste, but no less
than 50 inspections per year. 5.2 Random Inspections The facility operator will conduct detailed inspections of the loads of commercial
and industrial waste, or loads mixed with residential waste. The waste load will be diverted to specially constructed pad made of low permeability earth near to the operating face. The pad should be constructed as illustrated in Appendix to this Waste Screening Procedure. The incoming loads will be inspected as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 in the
Appendix to this Waste Screening Procedure. A record will be kept of the inspection on a
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Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-C- Page 3

form similar to that illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. Unacceptable waste may be photographed
for purposed of maintaining a complete record.

Unacceptable non-hazardous waste will be removed from the site by the hauler who
brought it on site. Hazardous waste will be treated in accordance with the Contingency
Plan.

5.3 Continuous Observation

In addition to the random screening described above, the equipment operators,
spotter and on site inspector will observe the incoming waste as it is dumped during normal
operations. If the material cannot be identified, the material will be relocated to the
appropriate handling area or isolated as described under the Contingency Plan below.

5.4 Recordkeeping

Records of inspections, rejected waste and unacceptable waste that was removed
from the site will be kept in the Operating Record. The records will be kept for the life of
the site plus thirty years. The Operating Record will be subject to inspection at any time.

Regulated Hazardous waste, found at the site will be reported to the DENR Solid
Waste Section for consultation as to proper handling procedures.

5.4 Training

The Landfill Supervisor and Site Inspector will be trained in waste screening and
recognition of Regulated Hazardous waste and other unacceptable waste. The SWANA
Waste Screening Course is recommended. The Landfill Supervisor will distribute
information from the course and other sources on waste screening to the site personnel. The
Landfill Supervisor will conduct semi-annual training on waste screening policies and
procedures.

5.5 Contingency Plan

Should unacceptable waste be found at the working face or elsewhere on site, the
following procedure will be followed.

1. As waste is being unloaded, watch for items such as: 1 and 5 gallon cans
with liquids, compressed gas cylinders, 20, 35 and 55 gallon drums, any
powder or liquid that emits a vapor or smokes. The operator may add to this
list.

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Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-C- Page 4

2. If determined as safe the material will be removed to a location away from
the working face to prevent accidental disturbance. Items not determined to
be safe should be isolated using equipment, if the container will not be
damaged. Otherwise the area must be isolated and fill operations moved to
another location or halted depending on the apparent risk involved.

3. If suspicious waste is found, isolate it as best as possible. Report the
suspicious waste to the supervisor or call the Fire Department at 968-2781.
Ask for the Hazmat Representative. He will come and determine the degree
of hazard, if any.

4. If the material is found to be hazardous, contact the Waste Management
Specialist, DENR Division of Waste Management. If material is found that
cannot be handled in the above described manner, the landfill operator will
immediately contact the appropriate emergency personnel and request their
immediate action to remove and safely dispose of dangerous materials
discovered at the landfill. This may include contracting with a properly
licensed transport service to remove the material to a properly permitted
disposal/handling facility.

5. Every attempt should be made to identify the hauler who brought the
container into the site. That hauler should be responsible for its removal or
cleanup costs.

6. During the period the material is on site, no one should attempt to move it by
hand or to sample or smell it. Protective clothing and equipment is usually
required to handle such material.

The following emergency telephone numbers are provided in the event of an emergency.

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Emergency Coordinator
Gayle Wilson, Director of Solid Waste .................................................... 919-968-2885
Gordon Dively, PE, Solid Waste Operations Manager ........................... 919-968-2885
Sheriff's Department ............................................................................................... 919-942-6300
Fire Department ...................................................................................................... 919-968-2781
State Police .............................................................................................................. 919-733-3861
Rescue Squad .......................................................................................................... 919-967-1515
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management, Raleigh .............................................................. 919-707-8200

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-C - Appendix

Appendix
Figures

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-D

ATTACHMENT IV-D

INSPECTION FORM

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-D

OPERATIONAL INSPECTION CHECKLIST

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL

Date of Inspection

Inspector's Name

Monthly Inspections

Category No. Inspection to be Conducted

Security 1 Is entrance gate and lock functioning properly Yes No
Control 2 Is fencing maintained Yes No
Devices 3 Is access controlled by wooded areas where no fence exists Yes No

Site 4 Site accessible to vehicles by all-weather roads leading from public system Yes No
Accessibility 5 Scale attendant at landfill entrance Yes No
6 Is traffic pattern safe for landfill users Yes No

Waste 7 Are waste and recyclables deposited or stored in proper designated areas Yes No
Handling 8 Bulky wastes pushed onto working face near bottom of cell Yes No
9 Are liquids disposed of onsite Yes No
10 Is a 50 foot fire break maintained around the disposal area Yes No
11 Scavenging prohibited except in controlled areas Yes No

Compaction 12 Landfill equipment capable of functioning on slope Yes No
13 Solid wastes spread in layers not more than 2 feet thick Yes No
14 Lift heights less than 10 feet Yes No
15 Solid wastes compacted to smallest practical volume (Is the Yes No
compactor making 3 to 5 passes on each layer)
16 Is working face small enough to manage Yes No

Cover 17 Adequate equipment on site to cover wastes daily Yes No
Material 18 Weekly cover applied Yes No
19 Compacted soil weekly cover, when used, thickness at least 6 inches Yes No
20 Intermediate cover applied where necessary Yes No
21 Compacted intermediate cover thickness at least 12 inches Yes No
22 Is vegetative cover established on exterior landfill slopes Yes No
23 Do areas required seeding on the site Yes No
24 Is there sign of settlement on the landfill Yes No
25 Is there evidence of slope failures on the landfill cap Yes No
26 Does the vegetation require mowing Yes No
27 Does the vegetation appear healthy Yes No

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-D

Aesthetics 28 Litter blowing controlled (portable fences, etc., entire Yes No
working face to have continuous fence)
29 Litter removed from fences at end of each operating day Yes No
30 Access roads cleaned of litter and debris Yes No
31 Is dust controlled on site Yes No
32 Are odors controlled on site Yes No
33 Are vectors (birds, rodents, other animals) controlled on site Yes No

Erosion 34 Is there sign of erosion damage on the landfill cover Yes No
Damage such as gullies or rills on the surface
35 Are ditches and channels collecting siltation Yes No
36 Is the sedimentation basin at capacity Yes No
37 Is the spillway cleaned, functional, and undamaged Yes No
38 Surface water control features functional (is run on collected Yes No
and run-off diverted from site)
39 Is ponding of water on top of waste evident Yes No
40 Is there contact between wastes and water Yes No

(Note: Erosion damage to be inspected after every major storm event in addition to monthly inspections)

Air 41 Decomposition gas migration vented to atmosphere Yes No
Quality 42 Concentration of decomposition gases in a manner that Yes No
will pose an explosion or toxicity hazard
43 Are there areas of dead vegetation on the landfill Yes No
44 Are the gas probes or vents damaged Yes No

Safety 45 Safety devices (e.g., roll over protective structures, slat-belts, Yes No
audible reverse warning devices, fire extinguishers)
provided on landfill equipment
46 Are safety hazards to personnel apparent on site Yes No
47 Emergency communications equipment available Yes No
48 Access to site controlled Yes No
49 Access to site established by roadways only Yes No
50 Traffic pattern and signs established Yes No
51 Safety manual available for use by employees Yes No
52 Employees instructed about safety procedures Yes No
53 Employees follow safety procedures Yes No
54 Provision established for extinguishing fires in wastes being Yes No
delivered to site, at working face, and at personnel facilities

Records 55 Are records maintained of incoming waste volumes/tonnages Yes No
56 Are records maintained of disposed asbestos Yes No
57 Are records maintained of waste inspections Yes No
58 Are records maintained of environmental monitoring Yes No
59 Records kept for major operational problems and complaints Yes No
60 Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of gas control kept Yes No
61 Qualitative & quantitative evaluations of water quality analysis kept Yes No
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Operations Report
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment IV-D

Groundwater 62 Are groundwater monitoring well locks missing or inoperable Yes No
Monitoring 63 Are well outer casings damaged Yes No
System 64 Are well inner casings damaged Yes No
65 Are there signs of well contamination Yes No
66 Signs of settlement or damage to concrete apron Yes No

Benchmarks 67 Have the benchmarks been damaged or struck Yes No
68 Is there sign of settlement around the benchmarks Yes No
69 Are the benchmarks readily accessible Yes No

Comments: (Include item number from checklist where applicable)

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017

ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL

PERMIT AMENDMENT APPLICATION

SECTION V

CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Table of Contents – Page V-i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 Closure Plans ............................................................................................................................ 2
2.1 Cap System ................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Cap Components .............................................................................................. 2
2.1.2 Closure Activities ............................................................................................ 2
2.1.3 Closure of Disposal Units ................................................................................ 3
2.1.4 Cover System Stability .................................................................................... 7
2.1.5 Construction Specifications ............................................................................. 8
2.1.6 Landfill Gas Management ............................................................................... 8
2.1.7 Leachate Management ..................................................................................... 9
2.2 Extent of Closure ........................................................................................................ 10
2.3 Maximum Inventory of Waste ................................................................................... 10
2.4 Closure Schedule ........................................................................................................ 11
2.4.1 Closure Time Frame ...................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Schedule for Closure ...................................................................................... 11
2.5 Closure Cost Estimate ................................................................................................ 12
2.6 Closure Certification .................................................................................................. 12
2.7 Recordation ................................................................................................................. 13

3.0 Post-Closure Plan .................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Post-Closure Contact .................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Inspection.................................................................................................................... 14
3.3 Environmental Monitoring ......................................................................................... 15
3.3.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring ............................................... 15
3.3.2 Landfill Gas Monitoring ................................................................................ 16
3.4 Maintenance ............................................................................................................... 16
3.4.1 Security Control Devices ............................................................................... 16
3.4.2 Erosion Damage Control ............................................................................... 16
3.4.3 Correction of Settlement, Subsidence and Displacement ............................. 17
3.4.4 Run-on and Runoff Control Structures ......................................................... 17
3.4.5 Leachate Collection System .......................................................................... 17
3.4.6 Landfill Gas Collection / Venting System .................................................... 17
3.4.7 Groundwater Monitoring Wells .................................................................... 17
3.5 Leachate Management System .................................................................................. 18
3.6 Post-Closure Certification .......................................................................................... 18
3.7 Post-Closure Uses ...................................................................................................... 18

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Table of Contents – Page V-ii

4.0 Closure and Post-Closure Cost Estimates .............................................................................. 19
4.1 Closure Costs .............................................................................................................. 19
4.2 Post-Closure Care Costs ............................................................................................. 19
4.3 Financial Assurance ................................................................................................... 19

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 1 Post Closure Inspection Report Forms
Attachment 2 Closure and Post-Closure Care Cost Estimates
Attachment 3 Slug Test Data of On-Site Soils
Attachment 4 Slip Circle Analysis

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The narrative, plans, and specifications for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D
Landfill are prepared in compliance with the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rule .0543.
This plan supersedes the plan prepared by Joyce Engineering, Inc. (JEI) dated May 2003 that was
included in the “Construction Plan Application for the Orange County Eubanks Road C&D
Landfill”. The drawings, appendices, tables and figures from the “Construction Plan Application”
should be considered incorporated by reference as part of this closure and post-closure plan.

The facility operates under Permit 68-04. A permit to operate Phase 1 of the facility was
issued on December 14, 2005 by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR), which is now called the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ). This plan addresses the closure and post-closure care of Phases 1 through 3 of the
facility. Phase 1 covers approximately 7.7 acres. Phases 2 and 3 are projected future phases,
approximately 4.9 acres in size. Phases 4 and 5 will be a vertical extension of Phases 1 through 3.
Execution of this plan will minimize maintenance through proper construction of a permanent cap,
erosion and sediment control features, and drainage features, which will reduce the potential of the
landfill becoming a hazard to the environment through the post-closure period.

These documents were prepared by Draper Aden Associates pursuant to a contract between
Draper Aden Associates and Orange County with respect to the project described in said contract.
Reuse of said documents without written verification or adaptation by Draper Aden Associates for
the specific purpose intended will be at the sole risk of the individual or entity utilizing said
document, drawings, specifications, reports, and studies and such use is without the authorization
of Draper Aden Associates. Draper Aden Associates shall have no legal liability resulting from
any and all claims, damages, losses, and expenses, including attorney's fees arising out of the
unauthorized use of these documents, drawings, specifications, reports and studies prepared as a
result of the aforesaid contract.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-2

2.0 CLOSURE PLANS

2.1 CAP SYSTEM

2.1.1 Cap Components

The closure cap shall consist of the following components to be placed above the
intermediate/weekly cover:

1. Geocomposite gas collection layer

2. Eighteen (18) inch soil infiltration barrier layer.

3. Twelve (12) inch erosion/vegetation support layer.

4. Minimum six (6) inch layer of top soil.

2.1.2 Closure Activities

Closure activities will consist of the following actions:

1. Placement and/or upgrading final drainage and erosion/sedimentation
control measures prior to and during construction activities;

2. Placement and compaction of intermediate cover soil in order to achieve
required slopes;

3. Final grading and placement of geocomposite gas collection layer, soil
infiltration layer, erosion/vegetative support layer, and topsoil;

4. Surface roughening, liming, fertilizing, seeding and mulching of disturbed
areas;

5. Placement and/or upgrading final drainage and erosion/sedimentation
control measures;

6. Preparing a construction quality assurance report to certify that closure
occurred in accordance with this closure plan;

7. Recording a notation on the deed to the landfill facility property that the
property has been used as a C&D landfill and its use is restricted under the
closure plan approved by DENR.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-3

Specifications for the construction activities are contained in Attachment II-B of the
Engineering Plan
.
2.1.3 Closure of Disposal Units

The Permit Amendment Drawings illustrate the proposed closure activities and the
following discussion describes these actions.

1. Plan Sheets

Final grading of the site will be in accordance with the contours indicated
on Drawing 6 (Phase 1 – Final Grading Plan) in the Construction Plan Application.
The landfill will be brought to the final grades shown using the appropriate
landfilling methods. The final cap and vegetative layer will be installed after the
final grades are reached.

Stockpiled earthen material previously used for various construction
activities may be used during final closure. Topsoil stripped from the intermediate
cover will be stockpiled for use during final closure. The stockpiles will be graded
so as to minimize erosion and prevent ponding of water on site. Erosion and
sediment control measures will be installed and properly maintained.

The side slopes of the closed landfill will be approximately 28.6 percent
(3.5:1). Positive drainage will be maintained at the top of the landfill to reduce
pooling of water on the fill. The minimum top slope is to be 5 percent after
construction. This minimum top slope will be maintained during the post-closure
period.

Diversion berms will be installed on top of the soil cap cushion layer to
decrease the slope length for stormwater runoff. The exterior slopes of the
diversion berms will exceed 33 percent. Slope drains will convey stormwater to
the perimeter ditches. On the flatter top and bottom slopes, positive drainage will
be maintained to reduce pooling of water on the fill. If necessary, erosion
control matting may be installed along the slopes of the landfill to reduce erosion
after final grading. Localized areas exceeding a 33 percent slope such as the outer
slopes of the diversion berms or road tie-ins will receive further erosion control
measures as necessary to reduce erosion.

The layers of the final cover will be placed in accordance with the plans
and specifications. The specifications and the Construction Quality Assurance
Manual contain information for quality control and quality assurance for the final
cover construction.
2. Cap Description

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-4

Rule .0543 (c)(1) requires that the cap has “a permeability less than or
equal to soils underlying the landfill, or the permeability specified for the final
cover in the effective permit, or a permeability no greater than 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec,
whichever is less.” As a part of the Site Plan Application submitted by Joyce
Engineering, Inc. dated October 1999 and amended September 12, 2002, slug
testing data was obtained. Laboratory testing results are included in Attachment
V-3 to this plan along with a map that indicates the location of testing points.
Based on the borings beneath the landfill (PZ-207 and PZ-208), the soil
foundation has a permeability ranging from 1.89 x 10-4 cm/sec to 5.79 x 10-4
cm/sec. Undisturbed soil samples were not collected and tested for permeability.
Based on this information, the soils underlying the landfill have permeabilities
greater than 1 x 10-5 cm/sec. Therefore, the cap should have a permeability of no
greater than 1 x 10-5 cm/sec.

a. Description of Layers

The final cover for the landfill will consist of the system shown on
the details on Sheet 8 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. The total
overall thickness of the cap will be three feet, exclusive of the
intermediate/weekly cover. The cover will include the following from
bottom to top:

(i) Geocomposite gas collection medium. This layer consists
of an HDPE geonet material with a nonwoven geotextile on
each side. The geocomposite material will allow for
landfill gas to travel more freely below the infiltration
barrier and to landfill gas vents.

(ii) Eighteen (18) inch soil infiltration barrier layer. This layer
will be off-site soil, placed and compacted to have a
permeability of 1 x 10-5 centimeters per second (cm/sec) or
less.

(iii) Twelve (12) inch soil erosion/vegetative support layer. This
layer will be off-site soil. The twelve-inch cushion will
protect the infiltration barrier layer from mechanical damage
from vehicles on the cover, from burrowing animals, from
taproots, and from freeze-thaw stresses.

(iv) Minimum six (6) inch layer of topsoil or organically
amended soil. This layer will be off-site soil. The layer
will support vegetated growth to stabilize the completed
landfill slopes.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-5

b. Description of Protective Materials

The cap will be placed on top of the intermediate cover in order to
provide a base to compact the infiltration barrier layer soil. Prior to
placement of the cap, the vegetative cover that has been established on the
intermediate soil will be stripped.

The infiltration barrier layer will be protected above from
punctures, mechanical damage, and freeze-thaw damage by the twelve
(12) inch erosion/vegetation support layer and a six (6) inch topsoil or
amended soil layer.

c. Soil Cap Construction Plan

The cap will be constructed in accordance with the specifications
and tested in accordance with the Construction Quality Assurance Manual.
The soil for the soil infiltration barrier layer (permeability less than or
equal to 1 x 10-5 cm/sec) will come from an off-site borrow source
approved by the CQA Engineer. The location of the borrow source, the
location of the samples taken to determine the suitability of the material,
and the soil characteristics will be documented. The documentation will
be submitted to DENR as part of the certification of closure.

Soil infiltration barrier layer material will be placed on prepared
intermediate/weekly cover. Surface preparation will consist of removal of
vegetation and smooth grading to fill in ruts and rills, and may consist of
removal of roots, stones, and foreign matter, and rolling to provide a
compacted surface.

Soil infiltration barrier layer material will be placed in no greater
than six (6) inch thick compacted lifts. The actual allowable lift
thicknesses will be determined during construction of a cap test pad. The
material will be compacted to a density and moisture content determined
by laboratory testing and verified by the test pad to achieve a minimum
permeability of 1 x 10-5 cm/sec or less. The lifts will be compacted to
break up clods, bond lifts together, and eliminate cracks during placement.
If cracks are observed once the material is placed, that area will be
reworked and retested.

Particular care will be taken in the placement of the
erosion/vegetation support layer material to reduce damage to the cap.
The soil will be discharged from trucks at the base or top of the slope, and
the material pushed onto the slope.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-6

Layers of the final cover will be placed in accordance with the
specifications and Construction Quality Assurance Manual. The
specifications also contain detailed information for quality control and for
the final cover construction.

d. Erosion Control Layer

The topsoil layer will be a minimum of six (6) inches of topsoil or
amended soil, vegetated with an approved seeding mixture depending
upon the time of year when seeded. The cover crop will be seeded in
accordance with the mixture specified in Section 02480. The facility may
modify the seed mixture or seed schedule.

3. Final Slopes

The side slopes of the closed landfill will be a maximum of 28.6 percent
(3.5:1). Berms will be installed on the slopes to decrease drainage lengths.
Positive drainage will be maintained at the top of the landfill to reduce pooling of
water on the fill. A minimum top slope of 5 percent will be maintained during the
post-closure period. If necessary, erosion control matting may be installed along
the slopes of the landfill to reduce erosion after final grading.

4. Maintenance Needs

The cover system will be graded and seeded to establish a low maintenance
final cover system. Slopes should require infrequent repairs of erosion problems
once the vegetative cover is established. Covers that are low maintenance will be
used, such as tall fescue, lespedeza, ryegrass or other approved seeding mixture.
While the vegetative cover is being established, erosion will be controlled by
mulch. Erosion control matting will be installed where required.

5. Construction Quality Assurance Plan

The Construction Quality Assurance Plan is included as a Section III in this
Permit Amendment Application.

6. Alternate Final Cover Systems

An alternate final cover system is not proposed for use at this facility at this
time.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-7

2.1.4 Cover System Stability

1. Stability of Final Cover System

To evaluate slope veneer stability, an “infinite slope” failure was considered.
The friction angles between components in the landfill cap were evaluated against
the slopes with maximum gradient. The maximum slope is 28.6 percent, or about
15.9 degrees. The maximum slope is compared to angles of friction between various
components of the cap, and internal friction angles of each applicable component.
The following table lists the angles of friction and factors of safety for each
component. The friction angles used are conservative values found in published
data or from engineering judgment. Testing requirements for internal friction angles
of soils are described in the CQA Manual and include a minimum factor of safety of
1.3. Testing requirements for interface friction angles between soils and
geocomposite are specified in Attachment II-B of the Engineering Plan, and include
a minimum factor of safety of 1.5.

Interface Friction Angles

Interface Friction Angle,
Degrees
Factor of
Safety
Waste internal angle of friction 30 1.9
Waste to intermediate cover 28 1.8
Intermediate cover internal angle of friction 30 1.9
Intermediate cover to geocomposite 28 1.8
Geocomposite to infiltration barrier soil 28 1.8
Infiltration barrier soil internal angle of friction 30 1.9
Infiltration barrier soil to erosion/support layer 28 1.8
Erosion support layer internal angle of friction 28 1.8
Erosion support layer to topsoil 26 1.6
Topsoil internal angle of friction 26 1.6

The previously permitted maximum slope was 4H:1V. Because an
increase in final slope is proposed, a slip-circle analysis has been performed and is
included as Attachment V-4 to this plan.

A profile was selected for modeling that runs through the maximum fill
height and presents the greatest height versus shortest base section). Soil parameters
were selected based on general soil types anticipated for use. These parameters are
as follows.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-8

Slip Circle Analysis Parameters

Earthquake acceleration factors of 0.16g (horizontal) and 0.08g (vertical) are
based on 2008 USGS earthquake hazard maps. The section was modeled using
StablPro V3.0 using waste cohesions of both 0 psf, and 500 psf. Because cohesion
of waste can vary greatly, the analysis using a cohesion of 0 psf was done in order to
analyze the degree that the cohesion affected the results. A cohesion of 500 psf is
more accurate, and its results should be used in evaluating slope stability. The model
using a waste cohesion of 500 psf exhibited a minimum factor of safety in the
analysis of 1.20 under seismic conditions for deep-seated rotational failure within
the waste mass. Under static conditions, the factor of safety is 2.16. The acceptable
factor of safety for static analysis is 1.5. It is likely that localized rotational failure
within the cover veneer will have a lower factor of safety than deep-seated failure.
However, failure in localized areas of the cover will be considered a maintenance
item and will be repaired promptly. The acceptable factor of safety for seismic
analysis is 1.0. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the design is stable.

2. Erosion Control

An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan was prepared by JEI and included in
the Construction Plan Application. The side slopes of the closed landfill will be a
maximum of 28.6% (3.5:1). Since regular maintenance will be a part of the post-
closure activities, the integrity of the cap system should remain intact during the
post-closure care period.

Temporary silt fencing will be installed as required during the closure
construction.

Erosion control matting may be used on the face of the disposal unit after
final grades have been established. The County will determine the need for the
matting at the time of seeding.

Permanent diversion berms will be used to reduce erosion on the slopes of
the landfill. The diversion berms will be placed to keep the overland flow from
exceeding 200 feet, with most slope lengths less than 150 feet. The diversion
berms empty into channels around the perimeter of the landfill. The channels will
carry flow to the sediment basin. Diversion berm channels are to be lined with
Layer Cohesion,
psf
Unit
Weight, pcf
Internal Angle
of Friction
Cap 1000 120 30
Waste 500 55 30
Underlying Soil 1000 120 26
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-9

soil stabilization matting; perimeter channels will be either grass/matting or
riprap/erosion control matting as appropriate.

Stormwater will be collected in channels around the perimeter of the
landfill. The channels will carry runoff to the sediment basin. Channel design
data is included on Sheet 8 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. Some channels
are to be grass lined. Riprap or erosion control matting will be used in channels
wherever the velocity of the runoff would erode vegetative linings. Remnants of
temporary erosion control measures, such as siltation fences, that will not be
necessary once the site is stabilized will be removed.

2.1.5 Construction Specifications

Construction specifications for components of the landfill cap are included in
Attachment II-B of the Engineering Plan.

2.1.6 Landfill Gas Management

Due to methane concentrations above the lower explosive limit (LEL) being
detected in various probes, a landfill gas interception trench has been installed at the
facility. Initially, methane concentrations in GP-CD4 through GP-CD8, and GP-CD13
exceeded the LEL. During additional investigation of landfill gas migration limits,
monitoring of newly-constructed probes GP-CD6R and GP-CD8R indicated the presence
of methane, with GP-CD5R in exceedance of the LEL. Through the installation and
monitoring of probes GP-14 through GP-18 and a subsequent landfill gas migration
study, a landfill gas interception trench was designed along the western perimeter of the
waste disposal area. This trench was installed since the 2012 Permit Modification
submittal and approval. The location of trenching and vents are shown on the Permit
Amendment Drawings. The “Landfill Gas Remediation Plan” developed by Draper Aden
Associates, dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information
regarding the landfill gas interception trench.

Landfill gas monitoring probes have been constructed around the perimeter of the
landfill unit. The Permit Amendment Drawings show the location of the probes as well
as a gas probe construction detail. Specification Section 13322 is included in Attachment
II-B of the Engineering Plan.

A landfill gas venting system will be installed at the time of closure. The system
includes landfill gas vents within the waste footprint and a landfill gas collection layer
below the low-permeability component of the landfill cap. Gas vent locations are shown
on Sheet 6 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. The gas venting system is described in the
Gas Control Plan included as Attachment IV-F to the Operations Report. Additional
venting may be necessary as determined in accordance with the Gas Control Plan. A
landfill gas vent detail, to be used for future gas vent construction, is included in the Permit
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-10

Amendment Drawings. Specification Section 13320 is included in Attachment II-B of the
Engineering Plan.

Passive landfill gas vents will consist of six (6) inch Schedule 80 PVC pipe installed
within a horizontal gas collection trench located below the final cover. The trench will be
approximately 8 feet by 8 feet in horizontal dimensions and approximately 3 feet in
thickness. Waste will be excavated from the trench area and a lift of stone bedding will be
placed in the bottom of the trench. Horizontal perforated piping will be installed as
shown on the detail on Sheet 8 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. Vertical vent piping
will be installed at each vent location. The remaining gravel pack shall be installed
carefully so as to avoid damaging the piping. The gravel pack will provide a uniform
blanket of stone around the central vent piping. Layers above the vent trench will be
installed identical to the landfill cap design around the vent. The top of the vent shall be
capped as shown in the plans. Additional information is included in Specification
Section 13320 in the Engineering Plan.

2.1.7 Leachate Management

The landfill does not have a leachate collection system. If leachate control is
needed, the County will submit a plan to DENR for review and approval prior to
implementation of control.

2.2 EXTENT OF CLOSURE

The footprint of each Phase with projected intermediate and final grades is shown on
Sheets 3 through 6 of the Permit Amendment Drawings. The surface area of Phase 1 is 7.7 acres.
The surface area of Phases 2 and 3 is 4.9 acres. The Closure and Post-Closure cost estimates
included in Attachment 2 of this Plan are for Phase 1 only.

2.3 MAXIMUM INVENTORY OF WASTE

The volumes of each phase in cubic yards and estimated tons are as follows:

Phase Capacity
(cubic yards)
Net Remaining
Airspace
(cubic yards)
Phase
Capacity
(tons)
Phase 1 (active) 282,000 74,000 152,000
Phases 2 & 3 257,000 257,000 139,000
Phases 4 & 5 189,000 189,000 102,000
Final Cover 62,000 62,000 100,000
Total
(Gross Capacity) 790,000 582,000 493,000
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-11

Phase capacities shown do not include final cover. The gross capacity of the landfill is
790,000 cubic yards, which includes the volume of the final cap system. This gross capacity is a
1.9 percent increase from the previously permitted gross capacity of the landfill, specified in the
Site Plan Application prepared for this facility by Joyce Engineering, Inc. dated October 1999 and
amended September 12, 2002. Conversion to tonnage assumes a 9:1 waste to soil ratio and a waste
compaction of 1,200 pounds per cubic yard. Final cover tonnage is based on a compacted soil
density of 120 pounds per cubic foot, or 3,240 pounds per cubic yard. The tonnage numbers will
vary depending upon soil cover use and waste compaction. Net remaining airspace is from the
March 2017 aerial mapping.

2.4 CLOSURE SCHEDULE

2.4.1 Closure Time Frame

Prior to the closure of each phase, Orange County will notify DENR that a notice
of intent to close has been placed in the operating record. The owner and operator must
begin closure activities for that portion of each C&D landfill unit meeting one or more of
the following requirements, unless an extension has been granted by the Division.
Extensions beyond the deadline for beginning closure may be granted by the Division if
the owner or operator demonstrates that the portion of the C&D landfill unit has the
capacity to receive additional wastes and the owner and operator has taken and will
continue to take all steps necessary to prevent threats to human health and the
environment from the unclosed C&D landfill unit:

a. No later than thirty (30) days after the date on which the C&D landfill unit
receives the known final receipt of wastes;
b. No later than thirty (30) days after the date that a 10-acre or greater area of
waste is within 15 feet of final design grades; or
c. No later than one (1) year after the most recent receipt of wastes, if the
C&D landfill unit has remaining capacity.

Final closure of the landfill will take approximately 6 months to complete. A
professional engineer representing the facility will provide DENR with certification of
closure.

2.4.2 Schedule for Closure

The estimated time for the closure activities may generally be summarized as
follows. The time schedule is shown pertaining to final receipt of waste.

a. Notice of intent to close to DENR ........................................ prior to closure
b. Mobilization of contractor ................................................................4 weeks
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-12

c. Final grading .....................................................................................8 weeks
d. Placement of final cap .....................................................................21 weeks
e. Final establishment of erosion and sedimentation structures .........22 weeks
f. Final seeding ...................................................................................23 weeks
g. Completion of closure construction ................................................25 weeks
g. Certification of closure ...................................................................30 weeks
h. Record deed notation ......................................................................42 weeks

2.5 CLOSURE COST ESTIMATE

The closure cost for the facility is included as Attachment 2 of this Plan, Closure and Post-
Closure Cost Estimate. The estimate reflects closure of the initial phase (Phase 1). Approximately
7.7 acres of landfill area (Phase 1) will be capped at this point, if the facility does not obtain
approval to expand into Phases 2 and 3.

2.6 CLOSURE CERTIFICATION

Following completion of the cap, a professional engineer representing the facility will
certify the closure. The certification will document that the closure of the landfill was in
accordance with the following:
 The CQA Plan.
 The conditions of the permit to construct.
 The requirements of NCAC Rule .0541.
 The requirements of NCAC Rule .0543.
 The approved closure plan
 Acceptable engineering practices.

The Construction Quality Assurance report must be prepared according to Rule .0541(c)
and (d) and submitted to DENR with the closure certification and shall include the following:

 Quality control testing results, including results of failed tests, a description of corrective
procedures in the case of failed testing, and results of retesting.

 As-built drawings noting any deviation from the approved engineering plans.

 A comprehensive narrative that includes daily reports from the QAE, color photographs
of major features, and documentation of progress and troubleshooting meetings.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-13

2.7 RECORDATION

In order to comply with NCAC Rule .0543(c)(8)(B), within 3 months after capping
activities are completed, the facility will record a notation on the deed to the facility property that
would notify a potential purchaser of the property that the land was used as a C&D facility and
its use is restricted under the closure plan approved by the Division. The document will be
recorded with Orange County and copies submitted to DENR.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-14

3.0 POST-CLOSURE PLAN

3.1 POST-CLOSURE CONTACT

Agency: Orange County
Person: Mr. Gayle Wilson, Director of Solid Waste
Address: P. O. Box 17177
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
Phone: [phone]

3.2 INSPECTION

After the initial closure construction ceases, maintenance and care for the property will be
needed to provide the necessary erosion control and site upkeep. Monitoring activities will
continue for a period of 30 years after closure of the landfill. Orange County will be responsible
for routine monitoring of the closed facility. Such monitoring includes not only the ground and
surface water monitoring but also periodic visual inspections to review the condition of the
vegetative cover and grading. In addition, inspections will also be made to check for leachate
seeps or other problems. If major problems are identified that could affect the health or welfare of
the adjacent property owners, DENR will be contacted. However, for routine maintenance, the
work required will be completed without notification to DENR.

An inspection program will be established that will inspect the vegetative cover, erosion
control measures, and other physical aspects of the site. Initially, these inspections will be made on
a monthly basis, or more frequently as necessary by Orange County. For the remainder of the
normal post closure period, the site will be inspected quarterly by the County. The County will
keep a log of inspections and resulting maintenance work on file.

Post-closure maintenance will include a program of mowing of the grass cover as
necessary. This will be done to improve the stand of grass being developed on the landfill cap.
During the normal post-closure period, the site will be mowed as needed to maintain the grass
cover. It is expected that the frequency of mowing will diminish as the cover becomes better
established.

In addition to the mowing operations, post-closure care activities will include a program of
annual reseeding. In the fall of the year, the vegetative cover will be evaluated during a regular
inspection. A plan for reseeding will be developed based on the needs of the site during that year.
The necessary seeding will be applied during the fall planting season.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-15

Two inspection forms have been prepared for use in the post-closure period. One form is
for the first two-year post-closure period and the second form is for the remainder of post-closure
inspection. The forms are included as Attachment 1 of this plan, Post Closure Inspection Report
Forms.

The following post-closure inspection and maintenance schedule is suggested for the site
but could be modified as experience dictates:

1. Initial Two Years of Post-Closure

a. Monthly, a complete inspection of the site will be made by the County to
include, but not be limited to, security control devices, erosion damage,
cover settlement, subsidence and displacement, leachate seeps, vegetative
cover, run-on and run-off control measures, landfill gas probes, and
groundwater monitoring wells. Repairs shall be made as necessary.

b. Annually, or more frequently if necessary, mow the site. Annually, reseed
areas as necessary.

2. After First Two Years of Closure

a. Monthly, inspect the security gate, lock, fencing and other barriers.

b. Quarterly, a complete inspection of the site will be made by Orange
County and repairs made as necessary. The inspection will include, but
not be limited to, security control devices, erosion damage, cover
settlement, subsidence and displacement, leachate seeps, vegetative cover,
run-on and runoff control measures, landfill gas probes, and groundwater
monitoring wells.

c. Annually, or more frequently if necessary, mow the site. Fertilize, lime
and reseed as necessary.

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

3.3.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring

A Groundwater Monitoring Plan is included as Attachment IV-E to the
Operations Report. The plan represents the controlling document for obtaining and
analyzing representative groundwater samples from the uppermost aquifer underlying the
existing facility.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-16

The compliance well network is described in the water quality monitoring plan.
Sampling and reporting must occur at least semi-annually. Analytical requirements,
including a list of volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), are included in the water quality
monitoring plan. Water quality monitoring will continue through the post-closure period.

Maintenance of the groundwater monitoring system will include quarterly
inspections. Signs of damage or contamination will be recorded. Minor damages will be
repaired promptly. If a major damage or contamination is suspected, a professional
geologist will be retained to evaluate the condition of the monitoring well. If the well must
be replaced, the old well will be abandoned in accordance with the specifications contained
in the water quality monitoring plan. New well construction will also be in accordance
with the detail and specifications contained in the plan.

3.3.2 Landfill Gas Monitoring

A series of landfill gas monitoring probes are located around the perimeter of the
landfill unit. These probes will be monitored during the active life of the landfill and
during the post-closure care period. A Gas Control Plan is included as Attachment IV-F to
the Operations Report.

3.4 MAINTENANCE

Post-closure maintenance will consist of the following preventive and corrective
maintenance activities:

3.4.1. Security Control Devices

No waste is to remain exposed after closure. Locked gates and fencing will block
the entrances. The remaining property boundaries have wooded buffers or other natural
obstructions. Orange County will be able to closely monitor the closed landfill through
routine inspections by Orange County personnel. If security does become a problem,
additional fencing and/or other access preventing measures will be installed where
necessary.

3.4.2. Erosion Damage Control

The landfill will be inspected at least quarterly, and after every major storm event
for signs of erosion damage. Areas to be inspected will include the landfill slopes,
diversion ditches, sediment basins, access roads, and culverts. Erosion gullies will be
filled, compacted, and reseeded. Ditches and culverts filled with sediment will be cleaned
as needed. The sediment basin will be cleaned as required. Damage to berms, slope
drains, or access roads will be repaired promptly. Additional erosion control measures will
be installed if the proposed measures prove to be inadequate.
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-17

3.4.3. Correction of Settlement, Subsidence and Displacement

The landfill cover will be inspected quarterly. It is not expected that major portions
of the landfill will be subject to excessive settlement. However, if areas appear to have
settled to create ponding of stormwater, the cap will be repaired. Small areas of ponding
will be filled with soil to promote positive drainage. The final surface will be seeded and
mulched. The side slopes of the closed landfill will generally not exceed 28.6 percent
(3.5:1). On the flatter top slopes, positive drainage will be maintained to reduce ponding
of water on the fill. Erosion control matting will be placed, as needed, along the slopes of
the landfill to reduce erosion after final grading. The minimum top slope is to be 5
percent after construction. This minimum top slope will be maintained during the post-
closure period.

3.4.4. Run-on and Runoff Control Structures

Erosion and sediment control devices will be inspected at least quarterly, as
discussed in 3.4.2. above.

3.4.5. Leachate Collection System

The landfill does not have a leachate collection system.

3.4.6. Landfill Gas Collection/Venting System

A landfill gas interception trench is located along the western perimeter of the
waste disposal area. Section 2.1.6 above describes the background on the interception
trench. The “Landfill Gas Remediation Plan” developed by Draper Aden Associates
dated December 16, 2009 contains additional background information, plans and
specifications for the interception trench. Landfill gas vents will be installed within the
waste mass at the time of closure, and if monitoring results determine that additional
passive venting of gas from the waste is needed. Should the interception trench remain in
use through the active life of the facility, collection/venting components will be inspected
quarterly.

3.4.7. Groundwater Monitoring Wells

Groundwater monitoring wells will be inspected quarterly. Signs of damage or
contamination will be recorded. Minor damages will be repaired promptly. If major
damage or contamination is suspected, a professional geologist will be retained to evaluate
the condition of the monitoring well. If the well must be replaced, the old well will be
abandoned in accordance with the specifications contained in the water quality monitoring
plan. New well construction will be in accordance with the detail and specifications
contained in the water quality monitoring plan.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-18

3.5 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

This facility does not have a leachate collection system.

3.6 POST-CLOSURE CERTIFICATION

Following completion of the post-closure care period, the facility will notify the Solid
Waste Division of DENR that a certification, signed by a registered professional engineer,
verifying that post-closure care has been completed in accordance with the post-closure plan, has
been placed in the operating record.

3.7 POST-CLOSURE USES

The site is planned for use as an open green space during and after the post-closure care
period. This site will not be open or accessible to the public.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Page V-19

4.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE CARE COST ESTIMATES

4.1 CLOSURE COSTS

The closure cost estimate for the facility is included as Attachment 2 of this Plan, Closure
and Post-Closure Cost Estimates. Closure costs were estimated for a third party to perform closure
of the 7.7-acre Phase 1 area. The estimate covers Phase 1, and Phase 2& 3 areas. The estimates
will be revised when Phases 4 and are constructed.

4.2 POST-CLOSURE CARE COSTS

The estimated post-closure cost for the facility is included as Attachment 2 of this Plan,
Closure and Post-Closure Cost Estimates. Post-closure costs were estimated for closure of the
Phase 1 area. At that time, approximately 7.7 acres of the landfill will require post-closure
activities. Post closure care costs assume a 30-year post-closure care period.

4.3 FINANCIAL ASSURANCE

Orange County must provide financial assurance for the closure and post-closure care at
this facility. Closure and Post-Closure Care Costs have been prepared for this facility and are
included in Attachment 2 of this Plan, Closure and Post-Closure Cost Estimates. These estimates
will be updated annually. Orange County will provide the mechanism for financial assurance
separate from this document.

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment V-1

ATTACHMENT V-1

POST-CLOSURE INSPECTION REPORT FORMS

Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment V-1

POST-CLOSURE INSPECTION CHECKLIST
ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
FIRST TWO-YEAR POST-CLOSURE PERIOD

Date of Inspection _________________________________________________________________________

Inspector's Name _________________________________________________________________________

Monthly Inspections

Category No. Inspection to be Conducted

Security 1 Is entrance gate and lock functioning properly Yes No
Control 2 Is fencing maintained Yes No
Devices 3 Is access controlled by wooded areas where no fence exists Yes No

Leachate 4 Are there signs of leachate seeps Yes No
Control

5 Is there sign of erosion at the access roads Yes No
Erosion 6 Is there sign of erosion damage on the landfill cap Yes No
Damage such as gullies or rills on the surface
7 Are ditches and channels collecting siltation Yes No
8 Is the sedimentation basin at capacity Yes No
9 Is the spillway cleaned, functional, and undamaged Yes No

(Note: Erosion damage to be inspected after every major storm event in addition to monthly inspections)

Cover 10 Is there sign of settlement on the landfill Yes No
Settlement 11 Is there evidence of slope failures on the landfill cap Yes No

Vegetative 12 Are there areas of the cap needing vegetation Yes No
Cover 13 Does the vegetation require mowing Yes No
Condition 14 Does the vegetation appear healthy Yes No

Run-on & 15 Surface water control features functional (is run on collected Yes No
Runoff and run-off diverted from site)
Control 16 Surface water control features adequate for site Yes No
17 Is ponding of water on top of waste in evidence Yes No

Monitoring 18 Are monitoring well locks missing or inoperable Yes No
System 19 Are well outer casings damaged Yes No
20 Are well inner casings damaged Yes No
21 Are there signs of well contamination Yes No
22 Signs of settlement or damage to concrete apron Yes No
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment V-1

Comments: (Include item number from checklist where applicable)

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Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment V-1

POST-CLOSURE INSPECTION CHECKLIST
ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C&D LANDFILL
AFTER FIRST TWO YEAR POST-CLOSURE PERIOD

Date of Inspection _________________________________________________________________________

Inspector's Name ________________________________________________________________________

Monthly Inspections

Category No. Inspection to be Conducted

Security 1 Is entrance gate and lock functioning properly Yes No
Control 2 Is fencing maintained Yes No
Devices 3 Is access controlled by wooded areas where no fence exists Yes No

Leachate 4 Are there signs of leachate seeps Yes No
Control

Quarterly Inspections (in addition to Monthly items)

5 Is there sign of erosion at the access roads Yes No
Erosion 6 Is there sign of erosion damage on the landfill cap Yes No
Damage such as gullies or rills on the surface
7 Are ditches and channels collecting siltation Yes No
8 Is the sedimentation basin at capacity Yes No
9 Is the spillway cleaned, functional, and undamaged Yes No

(Note: Erosion damage to be inspected after every major storm event in addition to quarterly inspections)

Cover 10 Is there sign of settlement on the landfill Yes No
Settlement 11 Is there evidence of slope failures on the landfill cap Yes No

Vegetative 12 Are there areas of the cap needing vegetation Yes No
Cover 13 Does the vegetation require mowing Yes No
Condition 14 Does the vegetation appear healthy Yes No

Run-on & 15 Surface water control features functional (is run on collected Yes No
Runoff and run-off diverted from site)
Control 16 Surface water control features adequate for site Yes No
17 Is ponding on water on top of waste in evidence Yes No

Monitoring 18 Are monitoring well locks missing or inoperable Yes No
System 19 Are well outer casings damaged Yes No
Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment V-1

20 Are well inner casings damaged Yes No
21 Are there signs of well contamination Yes No
22 Signs of settlement or damage to concrete apron Yes No

Annual Inspections (in addition to Quarterly and Monthly items)

Benchmarks 23 Have the benchmarks been damaged or struck Yes No
24 Is there sign of settlement around the benchmarks Yes No
25 Are the benchmarks readily accessible Yes No

Comments: (Include item number from checklist where applicable)

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Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Amendment - Closure and Post-Closure Plan
Revised June 23, 2017
Attachment V-2

ATTACHMENT V-2

CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE CARE COST ESTIMATES

DAA #R00592-00
Summary Worksheet: CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE COSTS
Facility:Orange County Eubanks Road C&D Landfill
Permit Number:68-04
Facility Address:Eubanks Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Facility Owner:Orange County, North Carolina
Facility Representative:Mr. Gayle Wilson,
Representative Completing Format:Draper Aden Associates, William G. Hase, P.E.
Draper Aden Associates, Thomas Laughlin

Date Completed:Revised June 2, 2017

Closure Costs:$1,095,337 See Worksheet 01
Post-Closure Care Costs:$943,214 See Worksheet 02
Corrective Action:$1,000,000 Per NCGS 130A-295.2(h1)
Totals:$3,038,552
Notes:
1. Closure costs are for Phase 1.
2. Phase 1 area is 7.7 acres.
3. Unit costs are in 2017 dollars, per NCDEQ Financial Assurance for Solid Waste Management

Facilities, Effective January 1, 2017, the Inflation Factor price Deflator/Multiplier = 1.013
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate 2
I.Slope & Fill - Soil Below Cap Calculation or Conversion
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840 yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of soil needed for slope and fill 0 inches x 1yd/36in 0.00 yd
c.Quantity of soil needed a x b 0 yd3
d.Percentage of soil from off-site 0%
e.Purchase unit cost for off-site material /yd3
f.Percentage of soil from on-site (1 - d)100%
g.Excavation unit cost (on-site material)$4.58 /yd3
h.Total soil unit cost (d x e) + (f x g)$4.58 /yd3
i.Hauling, Placement and Spreading unit cost $1.21 /yd3
j.Compaction unit cost $0.31 /yd3
k.Total soil unit cost h + i + j $6.10 /yd3
l.Soil subtotal k x b $0
m.Percent compaction 15%
Total Slope & Fill Cost l x (1 + m)$0
II.Infiltration Barrier Layer Soil
Infiltration Soil Cost
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of infiltration soil needed 18 inches x 1yd/36in 0.50 yd
c.Quantity of infiltration soil needed a x b 18,634 yd3
d.Percentage of soil from off-site 100%
e.Purchase unit cost for off-site material $3.32 /yd3
f.Delivery unit cost $7.72 /yd3
g.Total infiltration cost to site d x e $11.04 /yd3
h.Placement and Spreading unit cost $1.21 /yd3
i.Compaction unit cost $1.98 /yd3
j.Total infiltration soil unit cost g + h + i $14.22 /yd3
k.Infiltration soil subtotal k x b $265,043
l.Percent compaction 25%N/A
m.Subtotal Infiltration Soil Cost l x (1 + m)$331,303
Soil Admixture Cost
o.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
p.Soil admixture unit cost $0.00 /yd2
q.Subtotal admixture cost a x b $0
Soil Testing
r.Area to be capped 7.7 acres
s.Testing unit cost $1,545.48 /acre
t.Subtotal soil testing cost a x b $11,900
Total Infiltration Soil Cost (soil, admixtures, and testing)n + q + t $343,203
Worksheet 01: FORMAT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CLOSURE COSTS

Soil Cap Components
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate 3
III.Erosion Control / Protective Cover Soil
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of soil needed 12 inches x 1yd/36in 0.33 yd
c.Quantity of soil needed a x b 12,423 yd3
d.Percentage of soil from off-site
e.Purchase unit cost for off-site material /yd3
f.Percentage of soil from on-site (1 - d)100%
g.Excavation unit cost (on-site material)$4.58 /yd3
h.Total erosion/protective soil unit cost (d x e) + (f x g)$4.58 /yd3
i.Hauling, Placement and Spreading unit cost $1.21 /yd3
j.Compaction unit cost $0.00 /yd3
k.Total soil unit cost h + i + j $5.79 /yd3
l.Erosion/Protective soil subtotal k x b $71,912
m.Percent compaction 15%N/A
Total Erosion Control/Protective Cover Soil Cost l x (1 + m)$82,699
IV.Vegetative support soil (Topsoil)
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of topsoil needed 6 inches x 1yd/36in 0.17 yd
c.Quantity of topsoil needed a x b 6,211 yd3
d.Percentage of topsoil from off-site 100%
e.Purchase and delivery unit cost for off-site $13.13 /yd3
f.Percentage of topsoil from on-site (1 - d)0%
g.Excavation unit cost (on-site material)/yd3
h.Total topsoil unit cost (d x e) + (f x g)$13.13 /yd3
i.Placement and Spreading unit cost $1.21 /yd3
j.Total soil unit cost h + i $14.34 /yd3
k.Vegetative support soil (Topsoil) subtotal $89,085.43
l.Percent compaction 10%
Total Topsoil Cost k x (1 + l)$97,994
V.Vegetative Cover
a.Area to be vegetated 7.7 acres
b.Vegetative cover (seeding) unit cost $2,429 /acre
c.Erosion control matting unit cost $4,500 /acre
Total Vegetative Cover Cost a x (b + c)$53,353
VI.Flexible Membrane Liner Calculation or Conversion
a.Quantity of FML needed 0 acres x 43,560 ft2/ac 0 ft2
b.Purchase unit cost $0.32 /ft2
c.Installation unit cost $0.09 /ft2
d.Total FML unit cost b + c $0.41
Total FML cost a x d $0
VII.Geosynthetic Clay Liner
a.Quantity of GCL needed 0 acres x 43,560 ft2/ac 0 ft2
b.Purchase unit cost $0.57 /ft2
c.Installation unit cost $0.13 /ft2
d.Total GCL unit cost b + c $0.70 /ft2
Total GCL Cost a x d $0
Geosynthetic Barrier & Infiltration Layers
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate 4
VIII.Sand or Gravel Drainage Calculation or Conversion
a.Area to be capped 7.7 acres x 4,840yd2/ac 37,268 yd2
b.Depth of sand or gravel needed 0 inches x 1yd/36in 0.00 yd
c.Quantity of drainage material needed a x b 0 yd3
d.Percentage of media from off-site
e.Purchase unit cost for off-site material /yd3
f.Percentage of material from on-site (1 - d)100%
g.Excavation unit cost (on-site material)/yd3
h.Total drainage material unit cost (d x e) + (f x g)$0.00 /yd3
i.Hauling, Placement and Spreading unit cost /yd3
j.Compaction unit cost /yd3
k.Total drainage material unit cost h + i + j $0.00 /yd3
l.Drainage material subtotal k x b $0.00
m.Percent compaction
Total drainage material cost l x (1 + m)$0
IX.Geotextile
a.Quantity of geotextile needed 0 acres x 43,560ft2/ac 0 ft2
b.Purchase unit cost /ft2
c.Installation unit cost /ft2
d.Total geotextile unit cost b + c $0.00 /ft2
Total Geotextile Cost a x d $0
X.Geocomposite Gas Collection Layer
a.Quantity of geonet composite needed 7.7 acres x 43,560ft2/ac 335,412 ft2
b.Purchase unit cost $0.40 /ft2
c.Installation unit cost $0.09 /ft2
d.Total geonet composite unit cost b + c $0.49 /ft2
Total Geonet Composite Cost a x d $163,010
XI.Toe Drain
a.Length of toe drain needed 0 LF
b.Purchase unit cost $0.42 /LF
c.Trenching and backfilling cost $5.16 /LF
d.Total toe drain unit cost b + c $5.58 /ft2
Total Toe Drain Cost a x d $0
XII.Drainage Channels (Stormwater Control)
Drainage benches and berms
a.Size of drainage bench needed LF
b.Drainage bench unit cost $15.47 /LF
c.Subtotal drainage bench cost a x b $0
d.Size of drainage swale/berm needed 0 LF
e.Drainage swale/berm unit cost $14.00 /LF
f.Subtotal drainage swale/berm cost d x e $0
Drainage Components
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate 5
Rip Rap
g.Quantity of Rip Rap needed - yd2
h.Rip rap unit cost $77.00 /yd2
i.Total rip rap cost g x h $0
Slope Drains
m.Quantity of slope drain needed 0 LF
n.Slope Drain unit cost $20.00 /LF
o.Slope drain cost m x n $0
Total Stormwater Control Cost c + f + i + l + o $0
XIII.Landfill Gas Monitoring & Control Components Calculation
Landfill Perimeter System
a.Number of probes to be installed 0 probes
b.LFG probe unit cost /probe
c.Subtotal LFG probe cost a x b $0
Landfill Control Systems
d.Area to be closed 7.7 acres
e.Average number of vents per acre 1 vents / acre
f.Number of vents required 8 each
g.LFG vent unit cost $3,311 /vent
h.Subtotal LFG vent cost f x g $26,490.24
i.Length of header pipe needed - LF
j.Header pipe unit cost /LF
k.Header pipe installation cost /LF
l.Subtotal LFG active vent hook-up h x (i + j)$0
Total Landfill Gas Management Cost c + g + k $26,490
XIV.Groundwater Monitoring Components
a.Hydrogeologic study cost $0
b.Number of wells to be installed 0 wells
c.GW Monitoring Well unit cost /well
d.Number of wells > 50 ft length wells
e.Additional well length over 50 ft LF/well
f.Unit cost for additional well length /LF
Total Groundwater Monitoring Well Cost a + (b x c) + (d x e x f)$0
XV.Calculation
a.Quantity of stockpiled materials - yd3
b.Loading and Hauling unit cost /yd3
c.Disposal unit cost /yd3
d.Total Removal/Disposal Cost a x (b + c)$0
Miscellaneous
Removal and Disposal of Stockpiled Material
Landfill Gas and Groundwater Features
Orange County C-D Landfill Closure Estimate 6
XVI.Erosion/Sediment Control
a.Quantity of silt fence needed 5,000 LF
b.Silt Fence unit cost $2.37 /LF
Total Silt Fence Cost a x b $11,850
XVII.Landfill Access Road
a.Size of LF access road - yd2
b.Depth of gravel needed 6 inches x 1yd/36in 0.2 yd
c.Depth of asphalt needed 0 inches x 1yd/36in 0.0 yd
d.Total material needed a x (b + c)0 yd3
e.Road material unit cost $20.62 /yd3
f.Placement/Spreading unit cost $36.10 /yd3
Total access road cost c x (d + e)$0
XVIII.Site Security
Fencing
a.Length of fencing needed - ft
b.Fence unit cost /ft
c.Subtotal fencing cost a x b $0
Gate or Barrier
d.Number of gates required -
e.Gate unit cost /gate
f.Subtotal gate cost d x e $0
Closed Sign
g.Number of signs required 1
h.Sign unit cost $650 /sign
i.Subtotal sign cost g x h $350
Total site security cost c + f + i $350
XIX.Mobilization / Demobilization
a.Cost for mobilization/demobilization $38,947 5%, incl. stakeout survey
Total mobilization/demobilization cost $38,947
Closure Cost Subtotal (CCS):(I + … + XIX)$817,897
Contingency (10%): CCS x 0.10 $81,790
Engineering & Documentation:
a.No. of acres to be capped 7.7 acres
b.Engineering and Construction QA/QC $19,000 /acre a x b $146,300
c.Closure Certification and CQA Report $1,100 /acre a x c $8,470
d.Survey and as-builts (2%)$3,094 /acre a x d $23,824
e.Cost for survey plat and deed notation $3,000
Total Engineering & Documentation Costs $181,594
Total Closure Cost (2016 Dollars):CCS + Contingency + Engineering $1,081,2812017 Inflation Factor 1.013
Total Closure Cost (2017 Dollars):CCS + Contingency + Engineering $1,095,337
POST-CLOSURE ESTIMATE
PERMIT 68-04 - ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C-D LANDFILLORANGE COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT
REVISED JUNE 2, 2017
Orange County C-D Landfill Post Closure Costs 7
I.Groundwater Monitoring Calculation or Conversion
a.Total number of monitoring wells 5 wells
b.Total number of sampling events/year 2 events/yr a x b 10 samples/yr
c.Quantity of additional samples (e.g. QA/QC)1 samples/event a x c 5 samples/yr
d.Total samples per year b + c 15 samples/yr
e.Analysis unit cost (Appendix I constituents)$270.00 /sample
f.Total Analysis cost d x e $4,050 /yr
g.GW Monitoring unit cost $700.00 /event b x g $1,400
i.Total sampling cost f + g $5,450 /yr
j.Engineering fees & reports $8,600 /yr
Yearly Groundwater Monitoring Cost i + j $14,050 /yr
II.Landfill Gas Monitoring, Maintenance, and Control
a.Frequency of LFG compliance monitoring 4 events/yr
b.LFG Monitoring unit cost $1,395.00 /event
c.Total perimeter LFG monitoring cost a x b $5,580 /yr
d.Frequency of surface monitoring (air permit)0 events/yr
e.Surface monitoring unit cost $0.00 /event
f.Total surface monitoring cost d x e $0 /yr
g.Control system operating unit cost $0 /yr
h.Frequency of LFG control system inspections 0 events/yr
i.Control system inspection cost $0.00 /event
j.Total control system cost g + (h x i)$0 /yr
Yearly Landfill Gas Monitoring, Maintenance, & Control Cost c + f + j $5,580 /yr
III.Leachate Management
a.Quantity of leachate generated - gal/yr
On-site Leachate Management or Pre-Treatment
b.On-site treatment operating unit cost $0.00 /gal
c.Total on-site management cost a x b $0 /yr
Leachate Disposal
d.Private disposal unit cost $0.00 /gal
e.POTW disposal unit cost /gal
f.Direct discharge to POTW unit cost $0.0068 /gal
g.Pump & Haul unit cost $0.00 /gal
h.Subtotal leachate disposal unit cost d + e + f + g $0.0068
i.Total leachate disposal cost a x h $0 /yr
j.Leachate sampling & analysis unit cost $0.00 /sample
k.Frequency of leachate sampling & analysis 0 sample/yr
l.Total leachate sampling & analysis cost j x k $0.00 /yr
Yearly Leachate Management Cost c + i + l $0 /yr
IV.Cap Maintenance & Repair
a.Closed Landfill Area 7.7 acres
Mowing & Fertilization
b.Mowing frequency 2 visits/yr
c.Mowing unit cost $90.00 /acre/visit
d.Total mowing cost a x b x c $1,386 /yr
e.Fertilizer frequency 1 visits/yr
f.Fertilizer unit cost $49.00 /acre/visit
g.Total fertilizer cost a x e x f $377 /yr
Worksheet 02: FORMAT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF POST-CLOSURE COSTS

POST-CLOSURE ESTIMATE
PERMIT 68-04 - ORANGE COUNTY EUBANKS ROAD C-D LANDFILLORANGE COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT
REVISED JUNE 2, 2017
Orange County C-D Landfill Post Closure Costs 8
Cap Erosion & Repair
h.Area to reseed/year 33% x a 2.6 acres
i.Reseeding unit cost $1,200.00 /acre
j.Total reseeding cost h x i $3,080.00 /yr
k.Area of cap erosion/year 10% x a 0.8 acres
l.Cap erosion repair unit cost $310.00 /acre
m Mobilization/Demobilization $550.00 /yr
n.Total cap erosion repair cost (k x l) + m $789 /yr
Yearly Cap Maintenance & Repair cost d + g + j + n $5,632 /yr
V.Sediment Basin Maintenance & Repair
a.Sediment basin cleanout frequency, 1 per 3 years 1 / a 0.33 event/yr
b.Sediment basin cleanout unit cost $10,500 /event
c.Mobilization/Demobilization $0 /event
d.Total sediment basin maintenance cost a x (b + c)$3,500 /yr
e.Total number of stormwater sampling locations - locations
f.Stormwater sampling frequency - events/yr
g.Total number of stormwater samples e x f 0 samples/yr
h.Analysis unit cost (permit parameters)$0 /sample
i.Total Analysis cost g x h $0 /yr
j.Mobilization unit cost $0.00 /event
k.Technician field unit cost $0.00 /event
l.Total sampling cost f x (j + k)$0.00 /yr
m Engineering fees & reports $0 /yr
n.Total Stormwater Sampling & Analysis cost f + i + j $0 /yr
Yearly Sediment Basin Maintenance & Repair d + n $3,500 /yr
VI.Vector & Rodent Control
a.Vector and rodent control unit cost $515 /yr
Yearly Vector and Rodent Control Cost a $515 /yr
VII.Post-Closure Care General Inspections
a.General Inspection unit cost $1,500 /inspection
b.Number of inspections per year 1
Yearly Post-Closure Care General Inspection Cost a x b $1,500 /yr
Annual Post-Closure Care Cost (APCC)I + … + VII $30,777 /yr
Length of post-closure care (LPCC)30 years
Post-Closure Care Cost APCC x LPCC $923,310
Engineering & Documentation Engineering Sum $7,800
Post-Closure Care Evaluation $5,200
Post-Closure Care Certification $2,600
Cost for survey and deed notation
(if not completed at time of landfill closure)Total Post-Closure Care Cost (2016 Dollars)Post-Closure Cost + Engineering + FA Maintenance $931,1102017 Inflation Factor 1.013
Total Post-Closure Care Cost (2017 Dollars)Post-Closure Cost + Engineering + FA Maintenance $943,214
Orange County Landfill Permit Amendment – Section Contents June 23, 2017 FIGURES

FIGURES