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HomeMy WebLinkAbout5603_McDowellCountyMSWLF_GWMR_20171025 December 2017 Old Fort Industrial Solid Waste Landfill Permit Number 56-03 McDowell County, North Carolina 2017 Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report Prepared for ABF Environmental Project Number: C61476-01.01.02 \\Asheville1\Asheville\Projects\ABF Environmental\Report\2017\Final 5603Dec2017WaterQualityReport.docx December 2017 Old Fort Industrial Solid Waste Landfill Permit Number 56-03 McDowell County, North Carolina 2017 Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report Alec Macbeth, PG Project Geologist Prepared for ABF Environmental 28200 Orchard Lake Road, Suite 101 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48334 Prepared by Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC 231 Haywood Street Asheville, North Carolina 2017 Annual Water Quality Report i December 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling .............................................................................................. 2 2.1.1 Groundwater Purging and Sampling Methods ........................................................................ 2 2.1.2 Surface Water Samples ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Sample Handling, Documentation, and Analysis .................................................................................... 3 3 Findings ........................................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Groundwater Samples ....................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.1 RCRA Metals .......................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.2 Field Parameters .................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 Surface Water Samples ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.1 RCRA Metals .......................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Field Parameters .................................................................................................................................. 6 4 Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Future Activities ................................................................................................................................................... 7 5 References ................................................................................................................................... 8 TABLES Table 1 Summary of Laboratory Analyses Performed on Samples Table 2 Summary of Analytical Results FIGURES Figure 1 Site Location Map Figure 2 Sample Location Map APPENDICES Appendix A Sampling Logs and Equipment Documentation and Instrument Calibration Data Sheets Appendix B Report of Laboratory Analysis and Chain-of-Custody Documentation 2017 Annual Water Quality Report ii December 2017 ABBREVIATIONS µS/cm microsiemens per centimeter DEQ North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality DO dissolved oxygen DWM North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Waste Management EDD Electronic Data Deliverable EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency IAC International Automotive Components IMAC interim maximum allowable concentration MDL method detection limit mg/L milligrams per liter MRL method reporting limit mV millivolts NCAC North Carolina Administrative Code NTU nephelometric turbidity unit ORP oxidation reduction potential RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act SU Standard Unit SWSL Solid Waste Section Limit 2017 Annual Water Quality Report 1 December 2017 1 Introduction The International Automotive Components (IAC) Group North America owns and manages the Old Fort Industrial Solid Waste Landfill (Old Fort Landfill, Site) located on State Road 1240 in Old Fort, McDowell County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The landfill is approximately 86 acres in size and is located approximately 5 miles southeast of the IAC plant. Previously, the landfill was owned and operated by Collins & Aikman for the disposal of solid waste related to carpet products. In 2007, IAC acquired the landfill and has not used it for waste disposal since the acquisition. IAC has subsequently closed the Old Fort Landfill. As a result, a Revised Workplan for Landfill Investigation and Closure (RJN Environmental, Inc. [RJN] 2010) and a Final Investigation Report (RJN 2011) were prepared by RJN, to initiate landfill closure activities. The Final Investigation Report summarizes landfill closure investigation procedures, completed activities, and sampled media analytical results. State regulations for landfills are enforced by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), Division of Waste Management (DWM). The subject landfill is permitted by the DWM under Permit No. 56-03. This report is being submitted in general accordance with (1) our proposal to ABF Environmental dated August 21, 2017, and (2) requirements stipulated in the DEQ Solid Waste Management Rules, Title 15A, Subchapter 13B, Section .0500 of the North Carolina Administrative Code (15A NCAC 13B .0500). The water quality monitoring network for the Old Fort Landfill consists of five compliance monitoring wells (upgradient monitoring wells MW-1 and MW-1A, and downgradient monitoring wells MW-2, MW-3, and MW-4) and four surface water sampling locations (SW-1, SW-2, SW-3, and SW-4), associated with various tributaries and drainage points on Site. This 2017 Annual Water Quality Report describes the groundwater and surface water quality sampling event performed on October 25, 2017. Samples associated with the landfill were collected by personnel from Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC (Anchor QEA), and analyzed by Pace Analytical Services, Inc. (Pace). This water quality monitoring report was prepared by Anchor QEA. 2017 Annual Water Quality Report 2 December 2017 2 Methods 2.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling Old Fort Landfill monitoring wells (MW-1, MW-2, MW-3, and MW-4) and surface water sample locations (SW-1, SW-2, SW-3, and SW-4) were sampled by Anchor QEA personnel on October 25, 2017 (Table 1). MW-1A, located adjacent to MW-1, was not sampled during this event, to maintain consistency with historical sampling events. Approximate sample locations are depicted in Figure 2. Table 1 provides a summary of all groundwater and surface water samples collected and the analyses performed on each sample. Field sampling logs are included in Appendix A. 2.1.1 Groundwater Purging and Sampling Methods Monitoring wells MW-1, MW-3, and MW-4 were purged and sampled using low-flow techniques in accordance with the procedures described in “Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures” (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] 1996). During purging, the pH, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), turbidity, and temperature were measured and recorded approximately every 3 minutes. Well purging continued until these parameters stabilized, as determined by three successive readings in which each parameter was within a set range of values, as follows: • pH +/- 0.1 unit • Specific conductivity +/- 3 percent • Temperature +/- 10 percent • DO +/- 10 percent • Turbidity +/- 10 percent • ORP +/- 10 millivolts Once these parameters stabilized, a groundwater sample was collected in laboratory-supplied sample containers by Anchor QEA technicians wearing new nitrile gloves. Monitoring well MW-2 was purged and sampled using a new disposable polyethylene bailer. This well was not sampled using low-flow techniques, due to poor well access. The monitoring well was purged of three successive well volumes prior to sample collection. During purging, the pH, specific conductivity, DO, ORP, turbidity, and temperature were measured and recorded at the start of purging and after each consecutive well volume was purged. After the third consecutive well volume was purged, technicians collected a sample in laboratory-supplied sample containers, wearing new nitrile gloves. 2017 Annual Water Quality Report 3 December 2017 2.1.2 Surface Water Samples Surface water samples SW-1 and SW-2 were collected from locations along an unnamed tributary, downstream of the landfill, as indicated by signage demarking monitoring locations adjacent to the surface water. Surface water sample SW-3 was collected from a location along the same tributary, indicated by respective signage. SW-4 was collected from a tributary in close proximity to monitoring well MW-4, also indicated by signage, and was located downstream of a stormwater discharge pipe that directs runoff away from the landfill cap. 2.2 Sample Handling, Documentation, and Analysis Water quality parameters and water level measurements are presented in the field logs in Appendix A, and in Section 3 of this report, as well as in the Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) submitted separately from this report. Following sample collection, groundwater and surface water samples were immediately placed on ice in a sample cooler. Once all samples were collected, they were transported to Pace, a laboratory certified in North Carolina. Anchor QEA submitted the samples for analysis for Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals using EPA Methods 200.7 and 245.1. Proper chain-of-custody documentation procedures were followed during collection and transport of collected samples. The Report of Laboratory Analysis and chain-of-custody documentation are included in Appendix B. Laboratory analyses performed on the samples are summarized in Table 1. Detections of analytes are reported as follows: • Non-Detects—Constituents of interest that are not detected are reported to the laboratory method detection limit (MDL), which is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be reported by a laboratory with 99 percent confidence that the concentration is greater than zero. • Solid Waste Section Limit (SWSL)—The lowest concentration of an analyte that can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy, as established by the DWM Solid Waste Section. Concentrations below the respective SWSLs are not discussed in the text of this report unless they exceed constituent-specific water quality standards. • “J” Flag— The method reporting limit (MRL) is the minimum concentration of a target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method. (The MRL is referred to as the Practical Quantitation Limit in the Pace Report of Laboratory Analysis.) If the reported concentration is greater than the MDL, but less than the MRL, then the analytical result is an estimate and is flagged with a “J” qualifier. If the reported concentration is greater than the MRL, but less than the SWSL, then the analytical result is an estimate and is flagged with an italicized “J” qualifier. • 2L standards—Detected concentrations of analytes in groundwater samples are compared to the current groundwater quality standards specified in 15A NCAC 2L.0202, referred to as 2L 2017 Annual Water Quality Report 4 December 2017 standards. Constituents with no established 2L standard are compared to the interim maximum allowable concentrations (IMACs), in accordance with 15A NCAC 02L .0202 [c]. • 2B standards—Detected concentrations of analytes in surface water samples are compared to 15A NCAC 2B surface water quality standards, referred to as 2B standards. Table 2 presents analytical results for all analytes detected in groundwater and surface water samples, and identifies analytes detected above their established SWSLs, 2L standards (including IMACs, if applicable), or 2B standards. In the EDD (provided to the DEQ as a separate document), the identification of a well (“WELL ID” in the table) consists of the name of the well prefaced by the unhyphenated facility permit number. For example, monitoring well MW-1 is identified in the EDD as “5603-MW1.” In the tables and figures of this report, however, the identification of a well consists of the name of the well without the facility permit number. 2017 Annual Water Quality Report 5 December 2017 3 Findings The laboratory analytical results and field parameter data for the groundwater and surface water samples collected at the Old Fort Landfill are provided in the report of laboratory analysis issued by Pace, included as Appendix B. In addition, all laboratory results are summarized in the EDD format as specified by the DWM Solid Waste Section on May 5, 2010. 3.1 Groundwater Samples The following subsections summarize the detections of RCRA metals and field parameters in groundwater. 3.1.1 RCRA Metals Arsenic and barium were detected in one or more groundwater samples collected from the monitoring wells. All detections were reported at concentrations below the SWSL. Metals were not detected at or above their respective 2L standards. 3.1.2 Field Parameters The field pH readings obtained from the groundwater samples collected from the monitoring wells, with the exception of MW-1, were below the range of 6.5 to 8.5 Standard Units (SUs) specified in 15A NCAC 02L .0202[c] (Table 2). Specific conductivity values obtained from the groundwater samples ranged from 22 microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm, MW-4) to 81 µS/cm (MW-1). DO concentrations ranged from 2.25 milligrams per liter (mg/L, MW-2) to 6.51 mg/L (MW-3). ORP values obtained from the groundwater samples ranged from -77.4 millivolts (mV, MW-1) to 276.4 mV (MW-4). Turbidity values ranged from 7.29 nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs, MW-3) to 10.9 NTUs (MW-4). These field parameters do not have established groundwater standards. A full summary of field parameter data is presented in Table 2. 3.2 Surface Water Samples The following subsections summarize the detections of RCRA metals and field parameters in surface water. 3.2.1 RCRA Metals Barium and chromium were detected in one or more collected surface water samples. Barium was detected in three surface water samples (SW-1, SW-2, and SW-4) at concentrations above the SWSL, but well below the applicable 2B standard. Barium was detected in the sample from SW-3 at an estimated concentration below the SWSL and applicable 2B standard. Chromium was detected at a 2017 Annual Water Quality Report 6 December 2017 concentration of 15.8 micrograms per liter in surface water sample SW-3. This detection was above the SWSL, but below the 2B standard established for chromium. A full summary of detections can be found in Table 2. 3.2.2 Field Parameters The field pH reading of 5.66 SU measured in surface water sample SW-4 (Table 2) was outside the established 2B standard range of 6.0 to 9.0 SU at the time of sample collection. All other surface water pH measurements were within the 2B standard range. DO readings measured in the surface water samples ranged from 6.86 mg/L (SW-4) to 11.69 mg/L (SW-3). All DO readings are in compliance with the established 2B standard for DO. None of the turbidity readings measured in the four surface water samples exceeded the 2B standard of 25 NTUs. Turbidity readings ranged from 4.96 NTUs (SW-4) to 9.35 NTUs (SW-3). Specific conductivity readings measured in the surface water samples ranged from 24 µS/cm (SW-3) to 90 µS/cm (SW-1). ORP values measured in the surface water samples ranged from 67.3 mV (SW-4) to 208.8 mV (SW-3). Specific conductivity and ORP do not have established 2B standards. A full summary of field parameters collected in the surface water samples can be found in Table 2. 2017 Annual Water Quality Report 7 December 2017 4 Summary Anchor QEA collected groundwater and surface water samples on October 25, 2017, at the Old Fort Landfill. Tables 1 and 2, the field logs in Appendix A, the Pace Report of Laboratory Analysis in Appendix B, and the EDD provide a detailed presentation of analytical results and field data representing the groundwater and surface water quality at the Old Fort Landfill. Analytical results are summarized as follows: • Groundwater ‒ pH—Below the 2L standard range of 6.5 to 8.5 SU in samples collected from monitoring wells MW-2, MW-3, and MW-4 ‒ Metals—Barium was detected in the four samples at concentrations below the 2L standard. Arsenic was detected in the sample collected from MW-2 at a concentration below the 2L standard. • Surface water ‒ pH—Below the 2B standard range in the sample collected from surface water location SW-4 ‒ Metals—Barium was detected above the SWSL, but well below the respective 2B standard, in the samples collected from surface water locations SW-1, SW-2, and SW-4. Barium was detected in the sample from SW-3 at an estimated concentration below the SWSL and applicable 2B standard. Chromium was detected at a concentration above the SWSL, but below the 2B surface water standard in the sample collected from surface water location SW-3. 4.1 Future Activities Anchor QEA will continue to collect groundwater and surface water samples and report the analytical results for monitoring on an annual basis at the Old Fort Landfill. The next water quality sampling event is scheduled for October 2018. 2017 Annual Water Quality Report 8 December 2017 5 References DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section), 2006. New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data. October 27, 2006. DENR, 2007. Addendum to October 27, 2006, NC SWS Memorandum Regarding New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data. February 23, 2007. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1996. “Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures.” Groundwater Issues. April 1996. RJN (RJN Environmental, Inc.), 2010. Revised Workplan for Landfill Investigation and Closure. November 4, 2010. RJN, 2011. Final Investigation Report. June 7, 2011. Tables Table 1 Summary of Laboratory Analyses Performed on Samples GROUNDWATER SAMPLES EPA 200.7 EPA 245.1 56-03 MW-1 10/25/2017 X X 56-03 MW-2 10/25/2017 X X 56-03 MW-3 10/25/2017 X X 56-03 MW-4 10/25/2017 X X SURFACE WATER SAMPLES EPA 200.7 EPA 245.1 56-03 SW-1 10/25/2017 X X 56-03 SW-2 10/25/2017 X X 56-03 SW-3 10/25/2017 X X 56-03 SW-4 10/25/2017 X X Notes: Metals: Analysis includes the following RCRA metals: arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and silver, in accordance with permit requirements. Well ID Collect Date Metals Sample ID Collect Date Metals Facility Permit Facility Permit 2017 Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report Old Fort Industrial Solid Waste Landfill December 2017 Page 1 of 1 Table 2 Summary of Analytical Results Parameter Arsenic Barium Chromium Temperature Specific Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen pH Oxidation- Reduction Potential Turbidity CAS Number 7440-38-2 7440-39-3 7440-47-3 SW325 SW323 7782-44-7 SW320 SW336 SW330 SWS ID 14 15 51 325 323 356 320 336 330 Units µg/L µg/L µg/L °Celsius µS/cm mg/L SU mV NTU Sample ID Collect Date Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result MW-1 10/25/2017 5.0 U 9.2 J 2.5 U 15.03 81 3.62 7.01 -77.4 9.75 MW-2 10/25/2017 5.0 J 38.5 J 2.5 U 12.75 75 2.25 6.09 50.7 8.46 MW-3 10/25/2017 5.0 U 94.8 J 2.5 U 12.47 52 6.51 5.57 242.2 7.29 MW-4 10/25/2017 5.0 U 31.0 J 2.5 U 14.15 22 3.93 4.97 276.4 10.9 SW-1 10/25/2017 5.0 U 129 2.5 U 11.61 90 11.34 6.31 81.1 6.35 SW-2 10/25/2017 5.0 U 130 2.5 U 11.62 83 10.97 6.52 91.9 8.44 SW-3 10/25/2017 5.0 U 12.6 J 15.8 11.07 24 11.69 6.09 208.8 9.35 SW-4 10/25/2017 5.0 U 335 2.5 U 13.90 85 6.86 5.66 67.3 4.96 MDL 5.0 5.0 2.50 NA NA NA NA NA NA MRL 10.0 10.0 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA SWSL 10 100 10 NE NE NE NE NE NE 2L 700 700 10 NE NE NE 6.5-8.5 NE NE IMAC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 2B 10 200,000 35 NE NE > 5.0 mg/L 6.0-9.0 NE 25 Notes: Parameters Only detected constituents are listed on this table. Please refer to the Pace Report of Laboratory Analysis (Appendix B) for further details. Lab Method The EPA approved analytical method used to analyze the constituents. CAS Number A unique number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to all identified parameters SWS ID Solid Waste Section parameter Identification Number Units RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act MDL MRL SWSL U A laboratory data qualifier used for parameters not detected at concentrations above the MDL J A laboratory data qualifier used for parameters detected at estimated concentrations above the MDL but below the MRL and SWSL J Assigned by Anchor QEA to reflect a detected concentration that is greater than the MRL and MDL but less than the SWSL 2L IMAC Interim maximum allowable concentration. IMAC concentrations are listed in Appendix #1 of the 2L standards. 2B NE not established NA not applicable 129 A bold entry Indicates a result in exceedance of the SWSL 5.57 A shaded cell indicates the result is in exceedance of the 2L standard, IMAC, GWP Standard, or 2B standard. 40200.7, 245.1Laboratory CertificationLaboratory Methods The method reporting limit, which is the minimum concentration of a target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method. The MRL is also represented as the PQL in the Pace Laboratory Report of Analysis. Micrograms per liter (µg/L) for analytical results, Standard Units (SU) for pH, nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) for turbidity, and milligrams per liter (mg/L) for dissolved oxygen Groundwater standards from North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A: Department of Environmental Quality, Subchapter 2L - Groundwater Classifications and Standards (Amended April 1, 2013) Surface water standard, per North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A: Department of Environmental Quality, Subchapter 2B - Surface Water and Wetland Standards (last amended March, 2016), or the standard obtained from National Criteria per the EPA table (current as of May 15, 2013) The method detection limit, which is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero Solid Waste Section Limit. This limit (identified by the DEQ) is the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy Field Parameters 5445 (pH only) Groundwater Samples Surface Water Samples Metals (RCRA) 2017 Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report Old Fort Industrial Solid Waste Landfill December 2017 Page 1 of 1 Figures [0 2,000 Feet LEGEND: Landfill Property Boundary Publish Date: 2017/12/20, 9:29 AM | User: alesueurFilepath: \\Asheville1\Asheville\Projects\ABF Environmental\Figures\2017\Figure 1 Site Location Map.mxd SOURCES:Basemap: National Geographic 7.5 Minute TopographicMaps, Old Fort Quandrangle (1994), Marion WestQuadrangle (1994), Moffitt Hill Quadrangle (1994), andSugar Hill Quadrangle (1987) Figure 1Site Location Map Old Fort Landfill - Permit Number 56-03State Road 1240, Old Fort, McDowell County, North Carolina !U!U!U !U !U #* #* #* #* MW-1A MW-1MW-4 MW-2 MW-3 SW-4 SW-3 SW-2 SW-1 Brevard CreekBrevard Creek142014801560 13601520 15401540 1420 14 8 0 1440 1380 15201460 15601540 146 0 154015201440 1 5 4 0 152015201440144015 2 0 14601460156 0 1440 142 0 1480 148014801460 1520 1580 1 4 8 0 1 4 6 0 1540144014201380 1540 1520 1580 156 0 1400 15001500 1500 1400 1500 1 5 0 0 1500 15 0 0 150 0 1600 1600 1500 15001400Unnamed TributaryUnnamed TributaryPublish Date: 2017/12/20, 9:34 AM | User: alesueurFilepath: \\Asheville1\Asheville\Projects\ABF Environmental\Figures\2017\Figure 2 - Sample Location Map.mxd [ 0 300 Feet NOTES:1. Sample locations areapproximate.2. Location of Unnamed Tributaryis approximate. Figure 2Sample Location Map Old Fort Landfill - Permit Number 56-03State Road 1240, Old Fort, McDowell County, North Carolina LEGEND: #*Approximate Surface Water Sample Location !U Approximate Monitoring WellLocation Topographic Contours(20-Foot Interval) Streams Landfill Property Boundary SOURCES:1. Basemap - NC OneMap 20132. Parcel and Stream - McDowellCounty GIS3. Contour Lines - NC Lidar 2007 Appendix A Sampling Logs and Equipment Documentation and Instrument Calibration Data Sheets Appendix B Report of Laboratory Analysis and Chain-of-Custody Documentation #=CL# November 07, 2017 LIMS USE: FR - BRIAN GANT LIMS OBJECT ID: 92360630 92360630 Project: Pace Project No.: RE: Brian Gant Anchor QEA 231 Haywood Street Asheville, NC 28804 Old Fort Landfill Dear Brian Gant: Enclosed are the analytical results for sample(s) received by the laboratory on October 25, 2017. The results relate only to the samples included in this report. Results reported herein conform to the most current, applicable TNI/NELAC standards and the laboratory's Quality Assurance Manual, where applicable, unless otherwise noted in the body of the report. Revised Report. MDLs and J-Flags added. If you have any questions concerning this report, please feel free to contact me. Sincerely, Lorri Patton lorri.patton@pacelabs.com Project Manager 1(828)254-7176 Enclosures REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC. Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 1 of 20 #=CP# CERTIFICATIONS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Asheville Certification IDs 2225 Riverside Drive, Asheville, NC 28804 Florida/NELAP Certification #: E87648 Massachusetts Certification #: M-NC030 North Carolina Drinking Water Certification #: 37712 North Carolina Wastewater Certification #: 40 South Carolina Certification #: 99030001 Virginia/VELAP Certification #: 460222 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC. Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 2 of 20 #=SS# SAMPLE SUMMARY Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Lab ID Sample ID Matrix Date Collected Date Received 92360630001 MW-1 Water 10/25/17 13:51 10/25/17 14:50 92360630002 MW-2 Water 10/25/17 12:00 10/25/17 14:50 92360630003 MW-3 Water 10/25/17 11:17 10/25/17 14:50 92360630004 MW-4 Water 10/25/17 10:12 10/25/17 14:50 92360630005 SW-1 Water 10/25/17 12:05 10/25/17 14:50 92360630006 SW-2 Water 10/25/17 12:10 10/25/17 14:50 92360630007 SW-3 Water 10/25/17 11:24 10/25/17 14:50 92360630008 SW-4 Water 10/25/17 10:26 10/25/17 14:50 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC. Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 3 of 20 #=SA# SAMPLE ANALYTE COUNT Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Lab ID Sample ID Method Analytes Reported LaboratoryAnalysts 92360630001 MW-1 EPA 200.7 7 PASI-ASH1 EPA 245.1 1 PASI-AWAB 92360630002 MW-2 EPA 200.7 7 PASI-ASH1 EPA 245.1 1 PASI-AWAB 92360630003 MW-3 EPA 200.7 7 PASI-ASH1 EPA 245.1 1 PASI-AWAB 92360630004 MW-4 EPA 200.7 7 PASI-ASH1 EPA 245.1 1 PASI-AWAB 92360630005 SW-1 EPA 200.7 7 PASI-ASH1 EPA 245.1 1 PASI-AWAB 92360630006 SW-2 EPA 200.7 7 PASI-ASH1 EPA 245.1 1 PASI-AWAB 92360630007 SW-3 EPA 200.7 7 PASI-ASH1 EPA 245.1 1 PASI-AWAB 92360630008 SW-4 EPA 200.7 7 PASI-ASH1 EPA 245.1 1 PASI-AWAB REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC. Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 4 of 20 #=AR# ANALYTICAL RESULTS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Sample:MW-1 Lab ID:92360630001 Collected:10/25/17 13:51 Received:10/25/17 14:50 Matrix:Water Parameters Results Units DF Prepared Analyzed CAS No.QualMDLPQL Analytical Method: EPA 200.7 Preparation Method: EPA 200.7200.7 MET ICP Arsenic ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:41 7440-38-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Barium 9.2 ug/L 10/30/17 14:41 7440-39-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Cadmium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:41 7440-43-910/27/17 14:101.0 0.50 1 Chromium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:41 7440-47-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Lead ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:41 7439-92-110/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Selenium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:41 7782-49-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Silver ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:41 7440-22-410/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Analytical Method: EPA 245.1 Preparation Method: EPA 245.1245.1 Mercury Mercury ND ug/L 10/31/17 13:26 7439-97-610/25/17 23:450.20 0.070 1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 5 of 20 #=AR# ANALYTICAL RESULTS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Sample:MW-2 Lab ID:92360630002 Collected:10/25/17 12:00 Received:10/25/17 14:50 Matrix:Water Parameters Results Units DF Prepared Analyzed CAS No.QualMDLPQL Analytical Method: EPA 200.7 Preparation Method: EPA 200.7200.7 MET ICP Arsenic 5.0J ug/L 10/30/17 14:51 7440-38-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Barium 38.5 ug/L 10/30/17 14:51 7440-39-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Cadmium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:51 7440-43-910/27/17 14:101.0 0.50 1 Chromium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:51 7440-47-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Lead ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:51 7439-92-110/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Selenium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:51 7782-49-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Silver ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:51 7440-22-410/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Analytical Method: EPA 245.1 Preparation Method: EPA 245.1245.1 Mercury Mercury ND ug/L 10/31/17 13:28 7439-97-610/25/17 23:450.20 0.070 1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 6 of 20 #=AR# ANALYTICAL RESULTS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Sample:MW-3 Lab ID:92360630003 Collected:10/25/17 11:17 Received:10/25/17 14:50 Matrix:Water Parameters Results Units DF Prepared Analyzed CAS No.QualMDLPQL Analytical Method: EPA 200.7 Preparation Method: EPA 200.7200.7 MET ICP Arsenic ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:54 7440-38-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Barium 94.8 ug/L 10/30/17 14:54 7440-39-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Cadmium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:54 7440-43-910/27/17 14:101.0 0.50 1 Chromium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:54 7440-47-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Lead ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:54 7439-92-110/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Selenium ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:54 7782-49-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Silver ND ug/L 10/30/17 14:54 7440-22-410/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Analytical Method: EPA 245.1 Preparation Method: EPA 245.1245.1 Mercury Mercury ND ug/L 10/31/17 13:31 7439-97-610/25/17 23:450.20 0.070 1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 7 of 20 #=AR# ANALYTICAL RESULTS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Sample:MW-4 Lab ID:92360630004 Collected:10/25/17 10:12 Received:10/25/17 14:50 Matrix:Water Parameters Results Units DF Prepared Analyzed CAS No.QualMDLPQL Analytical Method: EPA 200.7 Preparation Method: EPA 200.7200.7 MET ICP Arsenic ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:00 7440-38-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Barium 31.0 ug/L 10/30/17 15:00 7440-39-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Cadmium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:00 7440-43-910/27/17 14:101.0 0.50 1 Chromium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:00 7440-47-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Lead ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:00 7439-92-110/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Selenium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:00 7782-49-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Silver ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:00 7440-22-410/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Analytical Method: EPA 245.1 Preparation Method: EPA 245.1245.1 Mercury Mercury ND ug/L 10/31/17 13:40 7439-97-610/25/17 23:450.20 0.070 1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 8 of 20 #=AR# ANALYTICAL RESULTS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Sample:SW-1 Lab ID:92360630005 Collected:10/25/17 12:05 Received:10/25/17 14:50 Matrix:Water Parameters Results Units DF Prepared Analyzed CAS No.QualMDLPQL Analytical Method: EPA 200.7 Preparation Method: EPA 200.7200.7 MET ICP Arsenic ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:03 7440-38-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Barium 129 ug/L 10/30/17 15:03 7440-39-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Cadmium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:03 7440-43-910/27/17 14:101.0 0.50 1 Chromium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:03 7440-47-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Lead ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:03 7439-92-110/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Selenium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:03 7782-49-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Silver ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:03 7440-22-410/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Analytical Method: EPA 245.1 Preparation Method: EPA 245.1245.1 Mercury Mercury ND ug/L 10/31/17 13:42 7439-97-610/25/17 23:450.20 0.070 1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 9 of 20 #=AR# ANALYTICAL RESULTS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Sample:SW-2 Lab ID:92360630006 Collected:10/25/17 12:10 Received:10/25/17 14:50 Matrix:Water Parameters Results Units DF Prepared Analyzed CAS No.QualMDLPQL Analytical Method: EPA 200.7 Preparation Method: EPA 200.7200.7 MET ICP Arsenic ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:06 7440-38-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Barium 130 ug/L 10/30/17 15:06 7440-39-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Cadmium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:06 7440-43-910/27/17 14:101.0 0.50 1 Chromium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:06 7440-47-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Lead ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:06 7439-92-110/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Selenium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:06 7782-49-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Silver ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:06 7440-22-410/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Analytical Method: EPA 245.1 Preparation Method: EPA 245.1245.1 Mercury Mercury ND ug/L 10/31/17 13:45 7439-97-610/25/17 23:450.20 0.070 1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 10 of 20 #=AR# ANALYTICAL RESULTS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Sample:SW-3 Lab ID:92360630007 Collected:10/25/17 11:24 Received:10/25/17 14:50 Matrix:Water Parameters Results Units DF Prepared Analyzed CAS No.QualMDLPQL Analytical Method: EPA 200.7 Preparation Method: EPA 200.7200.7 MET ICP Arsenic ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:10 7440-38-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Barium 12.6 ug/L 10/30/17 15:10 7440-39-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Cadmium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:10 7440-43-910/27/17 14:101.0 0.50 1 Chromium 15.8 ug/L 10/30/17 15:10 7440-47-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Lead ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:10 7439-92-110/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Selenium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:10 7782-49-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Silver ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:10 7440-22-410/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Analytical Method: EPA 245.1 Preparation Method: EPA 245.1245.1 Mercury Mercury ND ug/L 10/31/17 13:47 7439-97-610/25/17 23:450.20 0.070 1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 11 of 20 #=AR# ANALYTICAL RESULTS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Sample:SW-4 Lab ID:92360630008 Collected:10/25/17 10:26 Received:10/25/17 14:50 Matrix:Water Parameters Results Units DF Prepared Analyzed CAS No.QualMDLPQL Analytical Method: EPA 200.7 Preparation Method: EPA 200.7200.7 MET ICP Arsenic ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:13 7440-38-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Barium 335 ug/L 10/30/17 15:13 7440-39-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Cadmium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:13 7440-43-910/27/17 14:101.0 0.50 1 Chromium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:13 7440-47-310/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Lead ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:13 7439-92-110/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Selenium ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:13 7782-49-210/27/17 14:1010.0 5.0 1 Silver ND ug/L 10/30/17 15:13 7440-22-410/27/17 14:105.0 2.5 1 Analytical Method: EPA 245.1 Preparation Method: EPA 245.1245.1 Mercury Mercury ND ug/L 10/31/17 13:49 7439-97-610/25/17 23:450.20 0.070 1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 12 of 20 #=QC# QUALITY CONTROL DATA Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Results presented on this page are in the units indicated by the "Units" column except where an alternate unit is presented to the right of the result. QC Batch: QC Batch Method: Analysis Method: Analysis Description: 383997 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 245.1 Mercury Associated Lab Samples:92360630001, 92360630002, 92360630003, 92360630004, 92360630005, 92360630006, 92360630007, 92360630008 Parameter Units Blank Result Reporting Limit Qualifiers METHOD BLANK:2128313 Associated Lab Samples:92360630001, 92360630002, 92360630003, 92360630004, 92360630005, 92360630006, 92360630007, 92360630008 Matrix:Water AnalyzedMDL Mercury ug/L ND 0.20 10/31/17 13:140.070 Parameter Units LCS Result % Rec Limits Qualifiers% RecConc. 2128314LABORATORY CONTROL SAMPLE: LCSSpike Mercury ug/L 2.72.5 109 85-115 Parameter Units MS Result % Rec Limits Qual% RecConc. 2128315MATRIX SPIKE & MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE: MSSpike Result 92360010003 2128316 MSD Result MSD % Rec RPD RPD Max MSDMS Spike Conc. Mercury ug/L 2.5 98 70-13099 1 202.5ND 2.5 2.5 Parameter Units MS Result % Rec Limits Qual% RecConc. 2128317MATRIX SPIKE & MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE: MSSpike Result 92360106002 2128318 MSD Result MSD % Rec RPD RPD Max MSDMS Spike Conc. Mercury ug/L 2.5 96 70-130102 5 202.5ND 2.4 2.6 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 13 of 20 #=QC# QUALITY CONTROL DATA Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Results presented on this page are in the units indicated by the "Units" column except where an alternate unit is presented to the right of the result. QC Batch: QC Batch Method: Analysis Method: Analysis Description: 384205 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 200.7 MET Associated Lab Samples:92360630001, 92360630002, 92360630003, 92360630004, 92360630005, 92360630006, 92360630007, 92360630008 Parameter Units Blank Result Reporting Limit Qualifiers METHOD BLANK:2129473 Associated Lab Samples:92360630001, 92360630002, 92360630003, 92360630004, 92360630005, 92360630006, 92360630007, 92360630008 Matrix:Water AnalyzedMDL Arsenic ug/L ND 10.0 10/30/17 13:365.0 Barium ug/L ND 5.0 10/30/17 13:362.5 Cadmium ug/L ND 1.0 10/30/17 13:360.50 Chromium ug/L ND 5.0 10/30/17 13:362.5 Lead ug/L ND 5.0 10/30/17 13:362.5 Selenium ug/L ND 10.0 10/30/17 13:365.0 Silver ug/L ND 5.0 10/30/17 13:362.5 Parameter Units LCS Result % Rec Limits Qualifiers% RecConc. 2129474LABORATORY CONTROL SAMPLE: LCSSpike Arsenic ug/L 460500 92 85-115 Barium ug/L 467500 93 85-115 Cadmium ug/L 463500 93 85-115 Chromium ug/L 444500 89 85-115 Lead ug/L 462500 92 85-115 Selenium ug/L 473500 95 85-115 Silver ug/L 232250 93 85-115 Parameter Units MS Result % Rec Limits Qual% RecConc. 2129475MATRIX SPIKE & MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE: MSSpike Result 92359931001 2129476 MSD Result MSD % Rec RPD RPD Max MSDMS Spike Conc. Arsenic ug/L 500 96 70-13095 1 20500ND482479 Barium ug/L 500 94 70-13094 0 2050020.8 490 492 Cadmium ug/L 500 94 70-13094 0 20500ND468470 Chromium ug/L 500 88 70-13089 1 20500ND442445 Lead ug/L 500 90 70-13090 0 20500ND450452 Selenium ug/L 500 95 70-13095 0 20500ND474476 Silver ug/L 250 93 70-13093 1 20250ND233235 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 14 of 20 #=QC# QUALITY CONTROL DATA Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Results presented on this page are in the units indicated by the "Units" column except where an alternate unit is presented to the right of the result. Parameter Units MS Result % Rec Limits Qual% RecConc. 2129477MATRIX SPIKE & MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE: MSSpike Result 92360524006 2129478 MSD Result MSD % Rec RPD RPD Max MSDMS Spike Conc. Arsenic ug/L 500 90 70-13093 3 20500ND455470 Barium ug/L 500 91 70-13093 1 2050047.6 504 510 Cadmium ug/L 500 91 70-13092 2 20500ND453461 Chromium ug/L 500 88 70-13089 2 20500ND438446 Lead ug/L 500 89 70-13091 2 20500ND446455 Selenium ug/L 500 90 70-13093 3 20500ND454466 Silver ug/L 250 91 70-13092 2 20250ND227231 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 15 of 20 #=QL# QUALIFIERS Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill DEFINITIONS DF - Dilution Factor, if reported, represents the factor applied to the reported data due to dilution of the sample aliquot. ND - Not Detected at or above adjusted reporting limit. TNTC - Too Numerous To Count J - Estimated concentration above the adjusted method detection limit and below the adjusted reporting limit. MDL - Adjusted Method Detection Limit. PQL - Practical Quantitation Limit. RL - Reporting Limit. S - Surrogate 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine decomposes to and cannot be separated from Azobenzene using Method 8270. The result for each analyte isa combined concentration. Consistent with EPA guidelines, unrounded data are displayed and have been used to calculate % recovery and RPD values. LCS(D) - Laboratory Control Sample (Duplicate) MS(D) - Matrix Spike (Duplicate) DUP - Sample Duplicate RPD - Relative Percent Difference NC - Not Calculable. SG - Silica Gel - Clean-Up U - Indicates the compound was analyzed for, but not detected. Acid preservation may not be appropriate for 2 Chloroethylvinyl ether. A separate vial preserved to a pH of 4-5 is recommended in SW846 Chapter 4 for the analysis of Acrolein and Acrylonitrile by EPA Method 8260. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine decomposes and cannot be separated from Diphenylamine using Method 8270. The result reported for each analyte is a combined concentration. Pace Analytical is TNI accredited. Contact your Pace PM for the current list of accredited analytes. TNI - The NELAC Institute. LABORATORIES Pace Analytical Services - AshevillePASI-A REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 16 of 20 #=CR# QUALITY CONTROL DATA CROSS REFERENCE TABLE Pace Project No.: Project: 92360630 Old Fort Landfill Lab ID Sample ID QC Batch Method QC Batch Analytical Method Analytical Batch 92360630001 384205 384415MW-1 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 92360630002 384205 384415MW-2 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 92360630003 384205 384415MW-3 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 92360630004 384205 384415MW-4 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 92360630005 384205 384415SW-1 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 92360630006 384205 384415SW-2 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 92360630007 384205 384415SW-3 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 92360630008 384205 384415SW-4 EPA 200.7 EPA 200.7 92360630001 383997 384028MW-1 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 92360630002 383997 384028MW-2 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 92360630003 383997 384028MW-3 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 92360630004 383997 384028MW-4 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 92360630005 383997 384028SW-1 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 92360630006 383997 384028SW-2 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 92360630007 383997 384028SW-3 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 92360630008 383997 384028SW-4 EPA 245.1 EPA 245.1 REPORT OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written consent of Pace Analytical Services, LLC.Date: 11/07/2017 10:59 AM Pace Analytical Services, LLC 2225 Riverside Dr. Asheville, NC 28804 (828)254-7176 Page 17 of 20 Page 18 of 20 Page 19 of 20 Page 20 of 20