10001_YanceyMitchellMSWLF_1987_GWMR_FID1086147

Jan 24, 2018

January 2018
Yancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality
Monitoring Report
Yancey County, North Carolina, Permit No. 100-01
Prepared for Yancey County, North Carolina

Project Number: C61485-01.01.02
\\Asheville1\asheville\Projects\Yancey County\Solid Waste\Reports\2017\Fall\MSW LF\FINAL 100-01 Fall 2017 Water Quality Report.docx
January 2018
Yancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality
Monitoring Report
Yancey County, North Carolina, Permit No. 100-01
Prepared for
110 Town Square
Yancey County Courthouse, Room 11
Burnsville, North Carolina 28714

Prepared by
Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC
231 Haywood Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Alec Macbeth, PG Staff 2 Geologist

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report i January 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling .............................................................................................. 2
2.1.1 Groundwater Purging and Sampling Methods ........................................................................ 2
2.1.2 Surface Water Sampling Methods ................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Sample Handling, Documentation, and Analysis .................................................................................... 4
3 Findings ........................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1 Analytical Results ................................................................................................................................................. 6
3.1.1 Groundwater Samples ....................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.2 Surface Water Samples ..................................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Hydrogeology ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
4 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Future Activities ................................................................................................................................................ 10
5 References .................................................................................................................................. 11

TABLES
Table 1 Monitoring Well Construction Summary
Table 2 Summary of Laboratory Analyses Performed on Samples
Table 3 Summary of Analytical Results

FIGURES
Figure 1 Site Location Map
Figure 2 Sample Location and Posted Data Map
Figure 3 Generalized Groundwater Flow Direction Map

APPENDICES
Appendix A Sampling Logs and Equipment Documentation and Instrument Calibration Data
Sheets
Appendix B Reports of Laboratory Analysis and Chain-of-Custody Documentation

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report ii January 2018
ABBREVIATIONS
µg/L micrograms per liter
µS/cm microsiemens per centimeter
Anchor QEA Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC
C&D Landfill construction and demolition debris landfill
DEQ North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
DO dissolved oxygen
DWM Division of Waste Management
feet-TOC feet below the top of the well casing
MDL method detection limit
mg/L milligrams per liter
MRL method reporting limit
MSW Landfill municipal solid waste landfill
mV millivolt
NCAC North Carolina Administrative Code
NTU nephelometric turbidity unit
ORP oxidation reduction potential
Prism Prism Laboratories
SC specific conductivity
SU standard unit
SWS Solid Waste Section
SWSL Solid Waste Section Limit
VOC volatile organic compound

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 1 January 2018
1 Introduction
This Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report is presented by Anchor QEA of
North Carolina, PLLC (Anchor QEA).
The Yancey County Solid Waste Department operates a solid waste facility located on Landfill Road
near NC Highway 80 in Burnsville, North Carolina (Figure 1). The facility accepts solid waste from
both Yancey County and Mitchell County and includes the following permitted components:
• A closed municipal solid waste landfill (MSW Landfill) (Permit No. 100-01)
• A closed construction and demolition debris landfill (C&D Landfill) (Permit No. 100-02)
• An active transfer station (Permit No. 100-03T)
The approximate locations of the two landfill units within the solid waste facility are shown in
Figure 2.
This report addresses water quality associated with the MSW Landfill only. Water quality at the
C&D Landfill is addressed in a separate report because the C&D Landfill is permitted separately
under the rules codified in Title 15A, Subchapter 13B, Sections .0500 and .0601 of the North Carolina
Administrative Code (NCAC) (15A NCAC 13B. 0500 and 15A NCAC 13B .0601).
This report documents the second semiannual groundwater and surface water monitoring event for
2017. It is being submitted in accordance with the requirements stipulated in the letter regarding
“Closure of the Yancey-Mitchell County Landfill Permit #100-01” (DENR 1995a), issued by the
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), Division of Waste Management (DWM)
for the MSW Landfill on December 21, 1995, with regulations codified in the DEQ Solid Waste
Management Rules 15A NCAC 13B .0510. The letter requires semiannual monitoring of groundwater
and surface water quality. This report provides an evaluation of surface water and groundwater
quality for the MSW Landfill.
The water quality monitoring network for the MSW Landfill consists of four compliance monitoring
wells (MW 2, MW-3, MW-AR, and MW-B), one background monitoring well (MW-J), and two surface
water sampling locations (SW-1 and SW-2) positioned along the North Toe River (Figure 2).

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 2 January 2018
2 Methods
2.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling
On September 26 and 27, 2017, groundwater and surface water samples were collected by
Anchor QEA. Sampling locations are shown in Figure 2. Summaries of monitoring well construction
and water level measurement are presented in Table 1. This table includes both the closed
MSW Landfill wells and the closed C&D Landfill wells to provide a more comprehensive dataset for
evaluating groundwater flow direction. Table 2 provides a list of groundwater and surface water
samples collected from the MSW Landfill and the analyses performed on each sample.
2.1.1 Groundwater Purging and Sampling Methods
Groundwater purging and sampling was performed using either a disposable bailer or downhole
pump, as described in Sections 2.1.1.1 through 2.1.1.3. Prior to purging and sampling of the
monitoring wells, the static water level was gauged with a decontaminated Geotech ET Water Level
Meter. Field parameters—pH, specific conductivity (SC), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, oxidation
reduction potential (ORP), and temperature—were measured and recorded during purging with a
YSI 556 Multiprobe Water Quality Meter. Well sampling logs with static water level measurements
and the field parameter data are included in Appendix A. Static water level measurements are also
provided in Table 1. Groundwater samples were collected after the monitoring wells had been
purged and field parameters had stabilized. When monitoring wells were purged with a disposable
bailer, a minimum of three well volumes was purged from the monitoring well, or if the monitoring
well recharged slowly, the monitoring well was bailed dry and allowed to recharge prior to sampling.
The total depth of each monitoring well, the condition of the well casing, the groundwater recharge
rate as determined during purging, and the respective sample collection method(s) used were
recorded in sampling logs, provided in Appendix A. Groundwater purging and sampling was
performed by Anchor QEA personnel wearing new nitrile gloves, and samples were collected in
laboratory-supplied sample containers. The specific purging methodologies used for the individual
monitoring wells are described in Sections 2.1.1.1 through 2.1.1.3. These methodologies are
consistent with historical practices.
2.1.1.1 Monitoring Well MW-2
Monitoring well MW-2 was purged and sampled on September 27, 2017. No well construction log or
drilling record is available for MW-2 (Table 1). The screened interval for monitoring well MW-2 is
assumed to be constructed in saprolite. The well’s total depth is 56.30 feet below the top of the well
casing (feet-TOC), as measured with the water level meter on the day of sampling. Although the
well’s surface completion is capped and secure, the casing is bent and likely cracked at
approximately 10 feet below ground surface. This bend obstructed the downhole pump, so

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 3 January 2018
Anchor QEA personnel used a more flexible dedicated Teflon bailer (rather than a polyethylene
bailer) to bypass the bend in the casing, purged three well volumes, and subsequently collected a
groundwater sample. Field parameters were recorded for the initial groundwater withdrawal and
after each consecutive well volume was purged.
2.1.1.2 Monitoring Wells MW-AR, MW-B, and MW-3
A bladder pump and low-flow sampling techniques were used to purge and sample compliance
monitoring wells MW-3, MW-AR, and MW-B. No well construction log or drilling record is available
for monitoring wells MW-3 or MW-AR (Table 1). The screened interval for monitoring well MW-3 is
assumed to be constructed in saprolite. Monitoring well MW-3 has a total well depth of 38.0 feet-
TOC, as measured with a water level meter on the day of sampling. Monitoring well MW-AR has a
total depth of 71.4 feet-TOC, and its screened interval is assumed to be constructed in bedrock. The
screened interval for monitoring well MW-B is constructed in bedrock, with a total well depth of
70 feet-TOC. Total well depths for monitoring wells MW-AR and MW-B were measured with a water
level meter during prior sampling events. These three monitoring wells were purged using low-flow
sampling techniques in accordance with the procedures described in Ground Water Issue: Low-Flow
(Minimal Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures (Puls and Barcelona 1996).
During purging, field parameters were measured and recorded approximately every 3 minutes. Well
purging continued until these parameters stabilized for three consecutive readings, as outlined in the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 4 Science and Ecosystem Support Division Operating
Procedure: Groundwater Sampling (EPA 2017).
The required stabilization criteria were as follows:
• pH values within ± 0.1 standard unit (SU)
• SC values within ± 3%
• Temperature, DO, and turbidity values within ± 10%
• ORP values within ± 10 millivolts (mV)
Once the parameters stabilized, a groundwater sample was collected by an Anchor QEA technician
wearing a new pair of nitrile gloves.
2.1.1.3 Monitoring Well MW-J
Monitoring well MW-J, which has a total depth of 194.5 feet below ground surface (Table 1), is
located on a ridge in the western part of the C&D Landfill. It is screened in bedrock and serves as a
background well for the water quality monitoring network. A bladder pump could not be used to
purge or sample this well due to the pressure head caused by the deep groundwater level in the well
(146.01 feet-TOC). Instead, Anchor QEA technicians used a GeoTech Geosub pump and performed
low-flow sampling techniques to purge and sample the well on September 26, 2017. During purging,

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 4 January 2018
the field parameters for groundwater were measured and recorded approximately every 3 minutes.
Well purging continued until these parameters stabilized for three consecutive readings. The
stabilization criteria were the same as for other wells (as described in Section 2.1.1.2). Once the
parameters had stabilized, groundwater samples were collected and placed into laboratory-supplied
sample bottles by a technician wearing a new pair of nitrile gloves.
2.1.2 Surface Water Sampling Methods
Surface water samples SW-1 and SW-2 were collected on September 26, 2017, from designated
locations in the North Toe River, which is located just east of the MSW Landfill. The SW-1 sample
represents surface water quality upstream of the MSW Landfill, and the SW-2 sample represents
surface water quality downstream of the landfill. One round of field parameters—consisting of
temperature, pH, SC, DO, ORP, and turbidity—was measured and recorded at each surface water
sampling location prior to collecting the sample. Each sample was collected in laboratory-supplied
sample containers by a technician wearing a new pair of nitrile gloves.
2.2 Sample Handling, Documentation, and Analysis
Field parameters and additional observations pertaining to the MSW Landfill sampling locations are
provided in sampling logs included in Appendix A. Following collection, each groundwater and
surface water sample was immediately placed on ice in a sample cooler for shipment to
Prism Laboratories (Prism), a North Carolina-certified laboratory located in Charlotte, North Carolina.
The 1995 closure letter (DENR 1995a) refers to Appendix 2 of Sampling and Analysis Requirements for
Construction and Demolition Landfills and Closed Sanitary Landfills of the North Carolina Water
Quality Monitoring Guidance Document for Solid Waste Facilities (DENR 1995b) for the required list of
parameters to be monitoring at the Site. Table 2 provides details of the analyses performed on
collected samples.
Proper chain-of-custody documentation procedures were followed during collection and
transportation of each sample to the laboratory. The documentation is included in Appendix B of this
report. A trip blank, provided by the laboratory, was placed in each sample cooler and analyzed for
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specified in Appendix I of Title 40 of the Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 258. The laboratory analytical reports are provided in Appendix B.
The Prism laboratory report of analysis, presented in Appendix B, contains results for selected
constituents that are not discussed in the text of this report. These constituents include eight
additional metals from the Appendix I constituent list, as well as tetrahydrofuran, chloride,
manganese, sulfate, iron, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids. The additional constituents were
included in the laboratory analyses performed on three samples: the two surface water locations
(SW-1 and SW-2) and monitoring well MW-J. Samples were collected from these points to satisfy
monitoring requirements for both the MSW Landfill and C&D Landfill. Samples collected from the

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 5 January 2018
three referenced sampling points were analyzed for the additional constituents to meet the
requirements of the 15A NCAC 13B .0500 and .0601 rules pertaining to construction and demolition
debris landfills. A discussion of results for the applicable constituents is included in the Fall 2017
Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report, Yancey-Mitchell County Construction and Demolition
Debris Landfill submitted in January 2018 (Anchor QEA 2018).

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 6 January 2018
3 Findings
3.1 Analytical Results
The laboratory analytical results and field parameter data for the groundwater and surface water
samples collected at the landfill are included in Appendices A and B, as well as in the Electronic Data
Deliverable, which has been submitted separately to the DEQ DWM Solid Waste Section (SWS), per
applicable guidelines.
As stipulated in the SWS documents referenced in the preceding paragraph, laboratory analytical
results were reported and appropriately qualified as follows:
• Non-Detections: Non-detections (non-detects) are values reported by the laboratory as
below method detection limits (MDLs). They are tabulated in Table 3 and are flagged with a
“U” qualifier. The MDL is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured
and reported by a laboratory with 99% confidence that the constituent concentration is
greater than zero.
• Solid Waste Section Limits: Detections (values above the MDL) were compared to
constituent-specific Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSLs) established by DEQ. The SWSL is
defined as the lowest concentration of a constituent in a sample that can be quantitatively
determined with suitable precision and accuracy. A non-italicized “J” qualifier is used by the
laboratory to flag parameters that are detected at estimated concentrations greater than the
MDL but less than the laboratory’s method reporting limit (MRL). The MRL is the minimum
concentration of a target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced
method.
• Estimated or “J”-Qualified: If the reported concentration is greater than the laboratory MDL
and MRL but less than the SWSL, the analytical result is qualified as estimated and flagged
with an italicized “J” qualifier by Anchor QEA, per SWS reporting requirements. In addition to
non-detects, detected constituent concentrations below the applicable SWSLs are included in
Table 3.
• 2L Standard: Detected concentrations of constituents in groundwater samples were
compared to the applicable North Carolina groundwater quality standards. For most
constituents, this standard is the 2L standard, defined in 15A NCAC 2L .0202. Detected
concentrations of analytes in groundwater with no established 2L standard were compared
either to the interim maximum allowable concentrations for Class GA and GSA groundwater
(in accordance with 15A NCAC 02L .0202 [c]) or to the Groundwater Protection Standards,
pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B .1634.
• 2B Standard: Detections of analytes in surface water samples were compared to the surface
water quality standards described in 15A NCAC 2B (2B standards).

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 7 January 2018
Table 3 presents a summary of detected constituents and outlines concentrations of analytes that
were above applicable SWSLs, as well as detected analytes that exceeded their respective 2L
standard, interim maximum allowable concentration, or 2B standard.
3.1.1 Groundwater Samples
The following sections summarize detections of field parameters, Appendix I VOCs, and metals in
groundwater.
3.1.1.1 Field Parameters
The pH readings for the samples collected from all of the monitoring wells were below the
acceptable range of 6.5 to 8.5 SUs specified in the 2L standards (Table 3). The pH readings recorded
for this event are consistent with historical data.
Turbidity values at the time of sampling the monitoring wells ranged from 2.95 nephelometric
turbidity units (NTUs) in MW-B to 57.6 NTUs in MW-3 (Table 3). MW-2, which was purged and
sampled with a bailer, showed a turbidity value of 3.40 NTUs.
DO readings for the samples collected from the monitoring wells ranged between 1.38 milligrams
per liter (mg/L) in MW-AR to 5.57 mg/L in MW-J. SC measurements ranged between
61 microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm) in MW-AR to 2,142 µS/cm in MW-B. ORP values measured
in the samples collected from the monitoring wells ranged between -88.1 mV in MW-B to 526.7 mV
in MW-AR. No SWSLs or 2L standards are established for DO, SC, or ORP.
3.1.1.2 Volatile Organic Compounds
Fifteen VOCs were detected in the groundwater samples collected from one or more of the
monitoring wells (Table 3). Seven of the 15 VOCs (1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, chlorobenzene,
ethylbenzene, toluene, vinyl chloride, and total xylenes) were detected at concentrations above their
respective SWSLs in samples from one or more monitoring wells (Table 3). Three compounds
(1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, and vinyl chloride) were detected at concentrations above their 2L
standards. These exceedances occurred in the groundwater sample collected from MW-B, at
8.1 micrograms per liter (µg/L), 5.4 µg/L, and 3.8 µg/L, respectively (Table 3 and Figure 2). Historical
data for monitoring well MW-B show consistent exceedances of these constituents during prior
sampling events.
3.1.1.3 Metals
Six metals were detected in the groundwater samples collected from one or more monitoring wells
(Table 3). Barium was detected at a concentration above its SWSL in the sample collected from
monitoring well MW-2 (Table 3). Chromium was detected above its 2L standard in monitoring well
MW-J (Table 3). Concentrations of the detected metals are consistent with historical data.

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 8 January 2018
3.1.2 Surface Water Samples
The following sections summarize detections of field parameters, VOCs, metals, and field parameters
in surface water. The location of sample point SW-1 in the North Toe River is upstream of the landfill
and is assumed to represent surface water quality upstream of the Yancey County MSW and
C&D landfills. The location of sample point SW-2 in the North Toe River is downstream of the landfill
and is assumed to represent surface water quality downstream of the landfills (Figure 2).
3.1.2.1 Field Parameters
Surface water sample pH readings were obtained on September 26, 2017. The pH readings measured
6.14 and 6.55 SU for surface water samples SW-1 and SW-2, respectively. Both results are within the
2B standard range for pH, established at 6.0 to 9.0 SU (Table 3), and are consistent with historical
readings.
Turbidity was measured and recorded for SW-1 and SW-2 at 2.81 and 4.75 NTUs, respectively. Both
values are within the 2B standard of 10 NTUs (Table 3) and are consistent with historical readings.
DO was measured at 8.52 mg/L for SW-1 and 8.07 mg/L at SW-2. Both values are within the
established DO 2B standard of 6.0 mg/L (the 2B standard indicates “equal to or greater than
6.0 mg/L” for trout water) and are consistent with historical readings.
SC measurements in surface water samples SW-1 and SW-2 were recorded at 116 and 85 µS/cm,
respectively. ORP measurements for SW-1 and SW-2 were recorded at 347.6 and 262.5 mV,
respectively. 2B standards do not exist for these field parameters. Detailed field parameter results are
provided in Appendix A and Table 3 of this report.
3.1.2.2 Volatile Organic Compounds
No VOCs were detected in either of the surface water samples collected from the landfill.
3.1.2.3 Metals
Three metals (barium, chromium, and lead) were detected in both surface water samples (Table 3).
None of the detected metals exceeded their respective SWSLs or 2B standards. The relationship of
overall metal concentrations between the upstream and downstream surface water samples does not
show evidence of the landfill impacting surface water downstream. Metals in the downstream sample
location were detected in similar concentration ranges to those in the upstream sample location,
supporting the conclusion that the metal concentrations in the landfill groundwater monitoring wells
are not impacting the surface water.

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 9 January 2018
3.2 Hydrogeology
Groundwater elevations were calculated for the fall 2017 semiannual water quality monitoring event
using the measured depths to water and the associated top-of-casing elevations determined from a
survey of the monitoring wells performed in October 2009. Groundwater elevation data are reported
in Table 1. Figure 3 presents the generalized groundwater flow direction for bedrock and saprolite,
respectively. Generalized groundwater flow directions were estimated using groundwater elevation
data associated with a limited number of monitoring well locations in an area of complex
topographic and geologic conditions. The estimated groundwater flow directions indicate that
groundwater in the bedrock is generally flowing in a northeasterly direction and that groundwater in
the saprolite is generally mimicking topography. In the area for which data are available,
groundwater flow in the saprolite is interpreted to be convergent toward a topographic trough in a
northerly direction. The apparent groundwater flow directions and the local topography suggest that
groundwater in both the saprolite and the bedrock is flowing toward the North Toe River.

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 10 January 2018
4 Summary
Anchor QEA completed the second semiannual water quality monitoring event of 2017 at the
Yancey-Mitchell County MSW Landfill on September 26 and 27, 2017.
Table 3 of this report and the Prism analytical reports (Appendix B) provide detailed analytical results
and field data representing the groundwater and surface water quality at the MSW Landfill.
Generally, the groundwater and surface water analytical results show that constituent concentrations
are below their respective SWSLs, 2B standards, and 2L standards, with the exception of
1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, and vinyl chloride in groundwater samples from compliance
monitoring well MW-B. These VOCs have never been detected in downstream surface water samples.
The similarity in concentrations of metals in both surface water samples supports the conclusion that
groundwater flow from the landfill toward the North Toe River is not impacting surface water.
4.1 Future Activities
Anchor QEA will continue to measure field parameters and collect water quality samples from
groundwater and surface water monitoring points associated with the MSW Landfill. Water quality
samples will be submitted to a North Carolina-certified laboratory for analysis for eight metals and
Appendix I VOCs on a semiannual basis. The next sampling event is scheduled for March 2018.

Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report 11 January 2018
5 References
Anchor QEA (Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC), 2018. Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality
Monitoring Report, Yancey-Mitchell County Construction and Demolition Debris Landfill.
January 2018.
DENR (North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources), 1995a. Letter to: Earl
Tipton, Yancey County. Regarding: Closure of the Yancey-Mitchell County Landfill Permit
#100-01. Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section. December 21, 1995.
DENR, 1995b. North Carolina Water Quality Monitoring Guidance Document for Solid Waste Facilities.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2017. Operating Procedure: Groundwater Sampling.
Science and Ecosystem Support Division. Revised April 26, 2017.
Puls, R.W., and M.J. Barcelona, 1996. Ground Water Issue: Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown)
Ground-Water Sampling Procedures. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development and Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
EPA/540/S-95/504. April 1996.

Tables
Table 1
Monitoring Well Construction Summary
Northing Easting
Ground Surface
Elevation TOC Elevation Stick Up
Total
Well
Depth
Depth
to
Water
Groundwater
Elevation
Approximate
Depth to
Bedrock
Approximate
Bedrock
Elevation
Depth to
Top of
Screened
Interval
Depth to
Bottom of
Screened
Interval
Top of Screen
Elevation
Bottom of
Screen
Elevation
(NAD83;
2007)
(NAD83;
2007)(feet NAVD88)(feet NAVD88)
(feet above
ground
surface)
(feet-
TOC)
(feet-
TOC)(feet NAVD88)
(feet below
ground
surface)(feet NAVD88)
(feet below
ground
surface)
(feet below
ground
surface)(feet NAVD88)(feet NAVD88)
MW-2 809474.01 1059181.42 2,568.85 2,572.06 3.21 56.30 36.20 2,535.86
MW-3 809357.74 1058830.13 2,551.34 2,553.57 1.70 38.00 32.84 2,520.73
MW-AR 808483.97 1059176.2 2,688.76 2,691.17 2.30 71.40 63.08 2,628.09 Assumed
Bedrock
MW-B 12/02/1996 809020.07 1059514.58 2,624.07 2,626.27 2.00 70.00 60.95 2,565.32 18.00 2,606.07 53.00 68.00 2,571.07 2,556.07 Bedrock
100-01 MW-J 11/26/1996 808698.05 1057994.86 2,873.58 2,875.99 2.30 196.80 148.06 2,727.93 2.00 2,871.58 179.50 194.50 2,694.08 2,679.08 Bedrock
MW-H 12/04/1996 809563.75 1058698.38 2,566.36 2,568.68 2.32 64.50 60.75 2,507.93 62.00 2,504.36 47.00 62.00 2,519.36 2,504.36 Saprolite
MW-I 12/02/1996 809923.04 1058531.91 2,596.57 2,598.77 2.00 83.00 65.95 2,532.82 85.0 2,512.00 64.00 79.00 2,532.57 2,517.57 Saprolite
Notes:
Survey data showing the horizontal and vertical positions of the monitoring wells were presented in Appendix A of the Fall 2009 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report, Yancey-Mitchell County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, dated December 31, 2009.
Depth to water was measured on September 26 and 27, 2017.
"No Well Record" indicates that the well record, if it exists, was not readily obtainable.
C&D: construction and demolition debris
MSW: municipal solid waste
NAD83: North American Datum of 1983
NAVD88: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
feet-TOC: feet below the top of the well casing
100-02
100-01
No Well
Construction/
Drilling Record is
Available
DENR Well
Construction/
Drilling Log
Record, dated
12/31/1996
DENR Well
Construction/
Drilling Log
Record, dated
12/31/1996
No Well Record No Well
Record
No Well
Record
No Well
Record
No Well
Record
No Well
Record
Assumed
Saprolite
C&D Landfill Monitoring Wells
No Well
Record
MSW Landfill Monitoring Wells
Well ID Date Drilled
Geology of
Screened
Interval
Source of Well
Construction
Information
Facility
Permit
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report
Yancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Page 1 of 1
January 2018
Table 2
Summary of Laboratory Analyses Performed on Samples
Groundwater Samples
VOCs Metals
EPA 8260B
EPA 6020B,
EPA 7470A
100-01 MW-2 09/27/2017 X X
100-01 MW-3 09/26/2017 X X
100-01 MW-AR 09/26/2017 X X
100-01 MW-B 09/27/2017 X X
100-01 MW-J 09/26/2017 X X
Surface Water Samples
VOCs Metals
EPA 8260B
EPA 6020B,
EPA 7470A
100-01 SW-1 09/26/2017 X X
100-01 SW-2 09/26/2017 X X
Quality Control Samples
VOCs
EPA 8260B
100-01 TRIP BLANK (MSW)09/26/2017 X
100-01 TRIP BLANK (J)09/26/2017 X
100-01 TRIP BLANK (SW)09/26/2017 X
Notes:
EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
MSW: municipal solid waste
VOC: volatile organic compound
Facility Permit Well ID Collect Date
Facility Permit Sample ID Collect Date
Tetrahydrofuran: Analysis has been performed since the spring 2011 sampling event, per the North Carolina Division of Waste
Management, Solid Waste Section requirement specified in the June 25, 2010 memorandum.
VOC analyses include Appendix I constituents per 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 258.
Facility Permit Sample ID Collect Date
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report
Yancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Page 1 of 1
January 2018
Table 3
Summary of Analytical Results
Metals (RCRA)Field Parameters
Lab Certification 402 5445 (pH only)
Lab Method EPA 6020B, EPA 7470A
Parameter Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Lead Selenium pH Turbidity
Dissolved
Oxygen Temperature
Specific
Conductivity
Oxidation
Reduction
Potential
CAS Number 7440-38-2 7440-39-3 7440-43-9 7440-47-3 7439-92-1 7782-49-2 SW320 SW330 7782-44-7 SW325 SW323 SW336
SWS ID 14 15 34 51 131 183 320 330 356 325 323 336
Units µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L SU NTU mg/L °C µS/cm mV
Collect Date Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result
09/27/2017 0.45 U 160 0.053 U 0.41 J 0.25 J 0.45 U 5.95 3.40 2.97 13.93 497 139.0
09/26/2017 0.45 U 92 J 0.084 J 0.84 J 0.18 J 0.45 U 5.91 57.6 1.99 16.03 287 164.3
09/26/2017 0.45 U 47 J 0.35 J 0.68 J 0.25 J 0.45 U 5.25 4.03 1.38 13.94 61 526.7
09/27/2017 3.5 J 75 J 0.053 U 0.89 J 0.091 J 0.45 U 6.49 2.95 1.80 15.41 2,142 -88.1
09/26/2017 1.7 J 24 J 0.064 J 12 1.1 J 1.2 J 6.67 22.8 5.57 14.76 273 220.4
09/26/2017 0.45 U 23 J 0.053 U 0.30 J 0.14 J 0.45 U 6.14 2.81 8.52 19.56 116 347.6
09/26/2017 0.45 U 18 J 0.053 U 0.29 J 0.15 J 0.45 U 6.55 4.75 8.07 20.23 85 262.5
09/26/2017 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
09/26/2017 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
09/26/2017 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
MDL 0.45 0.120 0.053 0.081 0.061 0.45 NA NA NA NA NA NA
MRL 1.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 NA NA NE NE NE NE
SWSL 10 100 1 10 10 10 NE NE NE NE NE NE
2L 10 700 2 10 15 20 6.5-8.5 NE NE NE NE NE
IMAC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
GWPS NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
2B 10 200,000 0.15 35 0.54 5 6.0-9.0 10 ≥6.0 NE NE NE.Notes:
Only detected constituents are listed on this table. Please refer to the Prism laboratory report of analyses for further details.
Bold numbers indicate an SWSL exceedance.
Appendix I: indicates volatile organic compounds and metals per 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 258
B: a laboratory data qualifier used to indicate an analyte that is found in the associated blank at a concentration greater than one half of the report limit
CAS Number: a unique number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to all identified parameters
Collect Date: the date on which the sample was collected in the field EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
MRL: method reporting limit, which is the minimum concentration of a target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method
MSW: municipal solid waste
NA: not applicable
NE: not established
Result: analytical data reported by the laboratory or field data collected by Anchor QEASWS ID: Solid Waste Section Identification Number
SWSL: Solid Waste Section Limit (identified by the Department of Environmental Quality), which is the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy
U: a laboratory data qualifier used for parameters not detected at concentrations above the MDL
IMAC: Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration. IMAC concentrations are listed in Appendix #1 of the 2L.
J: a laboratory data qualifier used for parameters detected at estimated concentrations above the MDL but below the MRL
2L: Subchapter 2L – Groundwater Classifications and Standards, Department of Environmental Quality (Amended April 1, 2013). Groundwater standard from North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A.
2B: surface water standard per NCAC, Title 15A: DEQ, Subchapter 2B – Surface Water and Wetland Standards (last amended in March 2016), or the standard obtained from National Criteria, per the EPA table (current as of May 15, 2013).
Shaded cells indicate the result is in exceedance of the 2L, IMAC, GWPS, or 2B standard.
Sample ID
Groundwater Samples
MW-2
MW-3
MW-AR
MW-B
MW-J
Surface Water Samples
SW-1
SW-2
Quality Control Samples
TRIP BLANK (MSW)
TRIP BLANK (J)
TRIP BLANK (SW)
Units: micrograms per liter (µg/L) and milligrams per liter (mg/L) for analytical results, Standard Units (SU) for pH, nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) for turbidity, microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm) for specific conductivity, degrees Celsius (°C) for temperature,
and millivolts (mV) for oxidation reduction potential
GWPS: Groundwater Protection Standard pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B .1634, Department of Environmental Quality. Current standards were obtained from https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-permit-guidance/solid-waste-
section/environmental-monitoring/environmental-monitoring-list (last updated June, 2011). GWPS is used only if 2L or IMAC standards are not established for a specific constituent.
J: a qualifier assigned by Anchor QEA to reflect a detected concentration that is greater than the MRL and MDL, but less than the SWSL Lab Method: the analytical method used to analyze the constituents
MDL: method detection limit, which is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report
Yancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Page 1 of 2
January 2018
Table 3
Summary of Analytical Results
VOCs (Appendix I)
Lab Certification 402
Lab Method EPA 8260B
Parameter
1,4-Dichloro-
benzene Acetone Benzene
Chloro-
benzene
Chloro-
ethane
cis-1,2-
Dichloro-
ethylene
Ethyl-
benzene m,p-Xylenes
Methyl Butyl
Ketone (2-
Hexanone)
Methyl
Isobutyl
Ketone o-Xylene
Tetra-
hydrofuran Toluene
Vinyl
Chloride
Xylenes,
Total
CAS Number 106-46-7 67-64-1 71-43-2 108-90-7 75-00-3 156-59-2 100-41-4 108-38-3 591-78-6 108-10-1 95-47-6 109-99-9 108-88-3 75-01-4 1330-20-7
SWS ID 71 3 16 39 41 78 110 359 124 147 408 458 196 211 346
Units µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L
Sample ID Collect Date Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result Result
Groundwater Samples
MW-2 09/27/2017 3.5 0.31 U 0.86 J 4.3 0.55 J 0.60 J 0.061 U 0.12 U 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.15 U
MW-3 09/26/2017 1.9 0.31 U 0.048 U 3.9 0.22 U 0.056 U 0.061 U 0.12 U 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.15 U
MW-AR 09/26/2017 0.050 U 0.31 U 0.048 U 0.062 U 0.22 U 0.056 U 0.061 U 0.12 U 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.15 U
MW-B 09/27/2017 8.1 5.3 J 5.4 11 0.22 U 0.056 U 3.8 12 1.1 J 9.3 J 5.2 170 3.6 3.8 18
MW-J 09/26/2017 0.050 U 0.31 U 0.048 U 0.062 U 0.22 U 0.056 U 0.061 U 0.71 J 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.71 J
Surface Water Samples
SW-1 09/26/2017 0.050 U 0.31 U 0.048 U 0.062 U 0.22 U 0.056 U 0.061 U 0.12 U 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.15 U
SW-2 09/26/2017 0.050 U 0.31 U 0.048 U 0.062 U 0.22 U 0.056 U 0.061 U 0.12 U 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.15 U
Quality Control Samples
TRIP BLANK (MSW)09/26/2017 0.050 U 0.31 U 0.048 U 0.062 U 0.22 U 0.056 U 0.061 U 0.12 U 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.15 U
TRIP BLANK (J)09/26/2017 0.050 U 0.31 U 0.048 U 0.062 U 0.22 U 0.056 U 0.061 U 0.12 U 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.15 U
TRIP BLANK (SW)09/26/2017 0.050 U 0.31 U 0.048 U 0.062 U 0.22 U 0.056 U 0.061 U 0.12 U 0.065 U 0.078 U 0.044 U 0.16 U 0.044 U 0.097 U 0.15 U
MDL 0.050 0.31 0.048 0.062 0.22 0.056 0.061 0.12 0.065 0.078 0.044 0.16 0.044 0.097 0.15
MRL 0.50 5.0 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.0 5.0 5.0 0.50 10 0.50 0.50 1.5
SWSL 1 100 1 3 10 5 1 NE 50 100 NE NE 1 1 5
2L 6 6000 1 50 3000 70 600 NE NE NE NE NE 600 0.03 500
IMAC NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 40 100 NE NE NE NE NE
GWPS NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 40 560 NE NE NE NE NE
2B 56 2,000 51 140 NE 720 97 550 NE 26,000 400 NE 0.36 2.4 450
Notes:
GWPS: The Groundwater Protection Standard pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B .1634, Department of Environmental Quality. Current standards were obtained from https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-permit-guidance/solid-waste-section/environmental-
monitoring/environmental-monitoring-list (last updated June, 2011). GWPS is used only if 2L or IMAC standards are not established for a specific constituent.IMAC: Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration. IMAC concentrations are listed in Appendix #1 of the 2L.
J: a laboratory data qualifier used for parameters detected at estimated concentrations above the MDL but below the MRL
J: a qualifier assigned by Anchor QEA to reflect a detected concentration that is greater than the MRL and MDL, but less than the SWSL Lab Method: the analytical method used to analyze the constituents
Appendix I: indicates volatile organic compounds and metals per 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 258
B: a laboratory data qualifier used to indicate an analyte that is found in the associated blank at a concentration greater than one half of the report limit
CAS Number: a unique number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to all identified parameters
Collect Date: the date on which the sample was collected in the field EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Only detected constituents are listed on this table. Please refer to the Prism laboratory report of analyses for further details.
Bold numbers indicate an SWSL exceedance.
Shaded cells indicate the result is in exceedance of the 2L, IMAC, GWPS, or 2B standard.
2B: surface water standard per NCAC, Title 15A: DEQ, Subchapter 2B – Surface Water and Wetland Standards (last amended in March 2016), or the standard obtained from National Criteria, per the EPA table (current as of May 15, 2013).
2L: Subchapter 2L – Groundwater Classifications and Standards, Department of Environmental Quality (Amended April 1, 2013). Groundwater standard from North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A.
Result: analytical data reported by the laboratory or field data collected by Anchor QEASWS ID: Solid Waste Section Identification Number
SWSL: Solid Waste Section Limit (identified by the Department of Environmental Quality), which is the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy
U: a laboratory data qualifier used for parameters not detected at concentrations above the MDL
Units: micrograms per liter (µg/L) and milligrams per liter (mg/L) for analytical results, Standard Units (SU) for pH, nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) for turbidity, microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm) for specific conductivity, degrees Celsius (°C) for temperature, and millivolts (mV) for oxidation reduction
potential
MDL: method detection limit, which is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zeroMRL: method reporting limit, which is the minimum concentration of a target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method
MSW: municipal solid waste
NA: not applicable
NE: not established
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report
Yancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Page 2 of 2
January 2018

Figures
[
0 2,0001,000
Feet
NOTE:Burnsville, North Carolina is located approximately 7.0miles southwest of the landfill parcel boundary.
LEGEND:
Landfill Property Boundary
Publish Date: 2018/01/23, 4:16 PM | User: alesueurFilepath: \\Asheville1\Asheville\Projects\Yancey County\Solid Waste\Figures\GIS\MXD\2017\Fall\Figure 1 - Site Location Map MSW AQ.mxd
Figure 1Site Location Map
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring ReportYancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
SOURCES:Basemap: USGS 1:24,000 Scale Topo Maps, Micaville Quadrangle, 1987Site Property Boundary: Yancey County GIS
Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC%7 miles to Burnsville, NC %NC Highway 80
#*
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
MW-2pH (5.95 SU)
MW-3
pH (5.91 SU)
MW-B
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (8.1 µg/L)
Benzene (5.4 µg/L)
Vinyl Chloride (3.8 µg/L)pH (6.49 SU)
MW-AR
pH (5.25 SU)
MW-J (Background Well)
(No Exceedances)
SW-1
No Exceedances
Municipal Solid
Waste Landfill
Construction and
Demolition Debris Landfill REBELS CREEKREBELS CREEKNORTH TOE
RIVERNORTH TOE RIVER
WOLF BRANCHWOLF BRANCH[
0 500 1,000250
Feet
NOTES:1. Posted data indicate constituents detected atconcentrations above their respective water qualitystandard (2L standard, Interim Maximum AllowableConcentration [IMAC], or 2B standard)2. Sample dates: September 26 and 27, 20173. Surface water sample locations are approximate.The downstream surface water sample (SW-2) isshown on the map inset.
LEGEND:
!U Bedrock Monitoring Well Location
!U Saprolite Monitoring Well Location
#*Surface Water Location
Approximate Landfill Boundaries
Streams
Landfill Parcel Boundary
Publish Date: 2018/01/23, 4:31 PM | User: alesueurFilepath: \\Asheville1\Asheville\Projects\Yancey County\Solid Waste\Figures\GIS\MXD\2017\Fall\Figure 2 - MSW Sample Location Map AQ.mxd
Figure 2Sample Location and Posted Data Map
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring ReportYancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
SOURCE(S):Basemap: NC OneMap 2010Parcels and Streams: Yancey County GISMonitoring Wells: Survey Data from Webb A. Morganand Associates, P.A. (2009)
#*
#*
SW-2
No Exceedances
Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC
0 6,0003,000Feet
2L Groundwater Standards or IMAC1,4-Dichlorobenzene (6 µg/L)Benzene (1.0 µg/L)Vinyl Chloride (0.03 µg/L)pH (6.5-8.5 Standard Units [SU])
%
Transfer Station %Fl
o
w

D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
Flo
w

D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
%%%%
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U %Flow Direction
Flow Direction
Generalized Bedrock Groundwater Flow
Generalized SaproliteGroundwater Flow
Construction
and DemolitionDebris Landfill
Municipal SolidWaste Landfill
MW-2
(2,535.86)MW-3
(2,520.73)
MW-AR
(2,628.09)
MW-B
(2,565.32)
MW-J
(2,727.93)
MW-H
(2,507.93)
MW-I
(2,532.82)25402580
25202380
25202560
2460 2680
2 5 6 0
2440
2
4
8
0
2420
266026402620
2420
2540
24602520
24402480
2360
2600
2500
2400 25002
5
0
0
27002600
24002700
24002500
27002400
2700
280025802420256028602480
2620272027802
7
4
0
2480
268025
4
0
252024402860272
0
24202520
2380
244024202640
2840 244027202460
28202620
2 4 602680
278026602760 2480264027602680
2360
WOLF BRANCHWOLF BRANCHREBELS CREEKREBELS CREEKNORTH TOE RIVERNORTH TOE RIVER
Publish Date: 2018/01/23, 4:38 PM | User: alesueurFilepath: \\Asheville1\Asheville\Projects\Yancey County\Solid Waste\Figures\GIS\MXD\2017\Fall\Fig3AQ.mxd
[
0 400200
Feet
NOTES:1. (2,522.73): Calculated groundwaterelevation2. Groundwater elevations are based ondepth to water measurements collectedon September 26 and 27, 2017.
Figure 3Generalized Groundwater Flow Direction Map
Fall 2017 Semiannual Water Quality ReportYancey-Mitchell County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
LEGEND:
!U Bedrock Monitoring Well Location
!U Saprolite Monitoring Well Location
Approximate Landfill Boundaries
Elevation Contour (20-Foot Interval)
Landfill Parcel Boundary
Streams
SOURCES:1. Parcels: Yancey County GIS2. Monitoring Wells: Survey data fromWebb A. Morgan and Associates, P.A.(2009)3. Elevation Contours: NCDOT Lidar,20074. Roads: Yancey County and MitchellCounty GIS
Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC

Appendix A
Sampling Logs and Equipment
Documentation and Instrument
Calibration Data Sheets

Appendix B
Reports of Laboratory Analysis and Chain-
of-Custody Documentation
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