HomeMy WebLinkAboutCumberland Contractor Yard - Soil - Ksat testing-GeoSystec-Cumberland Yard Site -3-30-18
Geosyntec Consultants of NC, PC March 30, 2018
Attn: Mr. Beau Hodge, P.G. (NC) Principal S&EC Project # 13479.S1
2501 Blue Ridge Road, Suite 430
Raleigh, NC 27607
Re: Soil Evaluation and In-Situ Conductivity Measurements – Contractor Yard Site, Cumberland
County, NC.
Dear Mr. Hodge:
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA (S&EC) S&EC was contacted to help assess the soil conditions
within the vicinity of the potential storm water BMP sites on the project mentioned above. The
purpose of this evaluation was to provide soil data for the proper design of the potential storm water
BMP, including the depth to the seasonal high water table (SHWT) and the in-situ testing of the
unsaturated soil horizons at the contractor yard site in Cumberland County, NC. This report discusses
S&EC’s methods and testing results and was completed as per our scope of work dated March 25,
2018.
Soil/Site Evaluation Methodology
The site evaluation was performed by advancing a hand auger to complete the soil borings to a depth
of 4 feet within the proposed storm water BMP areas (see attached Figure 1 Map). The soil boring
locations were determined by the client prior to S&EC’s field evaluation. Soil morphological
conditions using standard techniques outlined in the “Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils,
Version 3” published by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS, 2012). A detailed soil
profile description from each of the soil boring locations (Site 1 thru Site 4) are included in Attachment
1 to this report.
Soil/Site Conditions
This site is located in the middle coastal plain region of Cumberland County, NC. The sites shown on
the attached map are in an open agricultural field. These soils range from somewhat poorly drained to
poorly drained soils with moderate to slow permeable infiltration rates. Within the in-situ testing phase
of this evaluation (described below), S&EC was able to test the conductivity rate at the targeted depth
of 12 inches below land surface at two locations, at 6 inches at one location and due to saturated soil
conditions, one site was unable to be tested.
At the first area evaluated (Site 1), S&EC did observed a seasonal high water table within 13 inches
below top of ground. The apparent water table (free water in the borehole) was noted at 44 inches
below the top of ground. At this location, the upper 10 inches was a sandy loam soil and the lower
portion was sandy clay loam. See the soil profile description (Site 1) in Attachment 1 below.
Within the second BMP area (Site 2), S&EC observed a seasonal high water table within 23 inches
below top of ground. There was not an apparent water table observe within 48 inches below the top of
ground. At this location, the upper 23 inches was a sandy loam soil and the lower portion was sandy
clay loam. See the soil profile description (Site 2) in Attachment 1 below.
Within the third BMP area (Site 3), S&EC did observed a seasonal high water table at the land surface
as this soil is identified as poorly drained. The apparent water table (free water in the borehole) was
observed at 20 inches below the top of ground and the soil was noted as saturated at field capacity.
Also in areas near the boring site, the land surface was noted as being saturated. At this location, the
upper 11 inches was a clay loam soil and the lower portion was clay. See the soil profile description
(Site 3) in Attachment 1 below. Due to these conditions, we were unable to conduct an in-situ
measurement at this location.
At the fourth area evaluated (Site 4), S&EC did observed a seasonal high water table within 5 inches
below top of ground. The apparent water table (free water in the borehole) was not observed within 36
inches below the top of ground. At this location, the upper 5 inches was a sandy loam soil and the
lower portion was clay loam to sandy clay loam. See the soil profile description (Site 4) in Attachment
1 below. Given the soil moisture conditions and depth to the seasonal high water table, we conducted
an in-situ test measurement at 6 inches below top of ground at this location.
Given the site topography and sloping conditions within the agricultural field, the seasonal high water
table could vary across the BMP areas and the soil boring descriptions (noted below) were a single
targeted point within the BMP’s. If needed, S&EC can conduct additional soil borings and testing in
the area.
In-Situ Hydraulic Conductivity Analysis:
In-situ saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) measurements were conducted in the unsaturated soil
horizons at three sites within the target BMP areas by the constant head well permeameter technique
(also known as shallow well pump-in technique and bore hole permeameter method). These sites are
shown on the attached map (Site 1, Site 2 & Site 4). The initial target depth to run this in-situ analysis
was 12 inches below land surface at each location, however as mentioned above Site 4 was ran at 6
inches below top of land surface. This in-situ Ksat procedure is described in Methods of Soil Analysis,
Part 1., Chapter 29 – Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Soils: Field Methods, 29 – 3.2 Shallow
Well Pump In Method, pp. 758-763 and in the Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 53, no. 5,
Sept. – Oct. 1989, “A Constant-head Permeameter for Measuring Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of
the Vadose Zone” and “Comparison of the Glover Solution with the Simultaneous – Equations
Approach for Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity.” In essence, a volume of water was applied and
measured with time until a steady state of water flow was achieved. This volume/time with steady
state was used to calculate the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the subsoil by the Glover equation.
The Ksat value for each site is summarized below. Ksat data calculations are provided in Attachment
2 of this report.
Ksat Location Horizon, Soil Texture & Testing Depth Ksat Values (in/hr)
Site 1
A & Upper Bt, Sandy Loam & Sandy Clay
Loam, 12 inches 0.10
Site 2 A, Sandy Loam, 12 inches 0.32
Site 4
A & Upper Bt, Sandy Loam & Clay loam,
6 inches 0.11
These measurements were made in the unsaturated soil zone and are not intended to provide values of
the saturated zone, possible mounding or the rate of water movement off site. The hydraulic
conductivity of soil varies based on the soil texture and conditions. The test results noted above
should be used as a general guide in the decision of the final construction and permitting of the storm
water device, however any soil variations or site impacts within the BMP could affect the results.
Attachment 1.
Soil Boring Profile Descriptions
SITE-1
Horizon &
Depth
Texture, &
Structure
Munsell Color Notes
A
0 – 4 in
Sandy Loam, Granular 10 YR 2/2
BE
4 – 10 in
Sandy Loam, Granular 10 YR 6/4 Not Sticky, Not
Plastic
Bt1
10 – 13 in
Sandy Clay Loam, Medium,
Subangular Blocky
10 YR 5/3 Slightly Sticky,
Slightly Plastic
Bt2
13 – 22 in
Sandy Clay Loam,
Massive, Medium,
Subangular Blocky
10 YR 5/3
7.5 YR 5/3
Sticky, Plastic
Bt3
22 – 32 in
Sandy Clay Loam, Massive,
Medium, Subangular
Blocky
10 YR 6/2
7.5 YR 5/6
Dual Matrix
Colors, Sticky,
Plastic
C
32 – 48 in
Sandy Loam/Sandy Clay
Loam
10 YR 6/1
7.5 YR 5/6
Patches of gley
clay
Seasonal High
Water Table
Indicators observed
within 13 inches
below land surface
Apparent Water
Table Observed
within 44 inches of
land surface
SITE-2
Horizon &
Depth
Texture, &
Structure
Munsell Color Notes
A
0 – 5 in
Sandy Loam,
Weak, Medium, Granular
10 YR 3/2
E
5 – 13 in
Sandy Loam,
Weak, Medium, Granular
2.5 Y 4/4
BE
13 – 23 in
Sandy Loam, Weak,
Medium, Subangular
Blocky
10 YR 6/1
Bt1
23 – 32 in
Sandy Clay Loam,
Weak, Medium, Subangular
Blocky
10 YR 6/8
7.5 YR 5/8
10 YR 6/1
Mottled, Slightly
Sticky, Slightly
Plastic
Bt2
35 – 41 in
Sandy Clay Loam,
Moderate, Medium,
Subangular Blocky
10 YR 6/1
7.5 YR 5/6
Sticky, Plastic
Btg
41 – 48 in
Sandy Clay Loam,
Moderate, Medium,
Subangular Blocky
10 YR 6/1
7.5 YR 5/6
Sticky, Plastic
Seasonal High
Water Table
Indicators observed
within 23 inches
below land surface
No Apparent
Water Table
Observed within 4
feet of land surface
SITE-3
Horizon &
Depth
Texture, &
Structure
Munsell Color Notes
A/B
0 – 11 in
Clay Loam, Weak, Medium,
Subangular Blocky
10 YR 3/1
7.5 YR 5/2
10 YR 4/6
Slightly Sticky,
Slightly Plastic
Bt
11 – 20 in
Clay, Moderate, Medium,
Subangular Blocky
10 YR 4/2
7.5 YR 5/2
10 YR 4/1
Sticky, Plastic
Btg1
20 – 29 in
Clay, Moderate to Strong,
Medium, Subangular
Blocky
10 YR 5/2
7.5 YR 5/2
10 YR 4/1
Sticky, Plastic
Btg2
29 – 36 in
Clay, Strong, Medium,
Subangular Blocky
10 YR 5/1
7.5 YR 5/2
10 YR 4/1
Very Sticky, Very
Plastic
Seasonal High
Water Table
Indicators observed
at surface, standing
water observed
near site
Apparent Water
Table observed
within 20 inches of
land surface
SITE-4
Horizon &
Depth
Texture, &
Structure
Munsell Color Notes
Ap
0 – 5 in
Sandy Loam, Weak,
Medium,
Subangular Blocky
10 YR 3/2
Not Sticky, Not
Plastic
Bt1
5 – 16 in
Clay Loam, Medium,
Moderate, Subangular
Blocky
7.5 YR 5/6
7.5 YR 5/2
Slightly Sticky,
Slightly Plastic
Bt2
16 – 26 in
Clay, Moderate, Medium,
Subangular Blocky
7.5 YR 5/6
7.5 YR 5/2
7.5 YR 5/1
Sticky, Plastic
BCg
26 – 34 in
Sandy Clay Loam, Strong,
Medium, Subangular
Blocky
7.5 YR 6/1
7.5 YR 6/6
Sticky, Plastic
Cg
34+ in
Sandy Loam, Structureless 7.5 YR 6/1
7.5 YR 6.6
Very Friable, Not
Sticky, Not Plastic
Seasonal High
Water Table
Indicators observed
at 5 inches
No Apparent Water
Table observed
within 36 inches
Attachment 2
In-Situ Ksat Worksheets
Calculating Saturated Hydraulic Conductiviy, Ksat, by the Glover model
INFORMATION
Date 3/29/2018
Measurement Conducted By Don Wells
Job Name Cumberland Yard BMP's
Job Number 13479.S1
Weather Cond., Temp.sunny, 72
Ksat Location Site # 1
Soil Ag Field
Horizon A & Bt, SL & SCL
Source of Water tap
Required Data Value Units
Radius of Hole 2.5 cm
Depth of Hole 30.48 cm
Initial Depth of Water in Hole (H)22.86 cm
Final Depth of Water in Hole (H)22.86 cm
Start Saturation Time 12:13 Hour:Min
Start of Steady-State Condition Time 13:01 Hour:Min
No. of Reservoirs Used at Steady-State 2
Ratio H/r 9.1440
A factor in Equation [2] of Manual 0.000613
Clock Water Time Change Flow Flow Flow
Time Level Interval in Water Volume Rate Rate
Reading Level Q Q Ksat Ksat
Hr.Min cm Minute cm cm3 cm3/min cm3/hour cm/hour cm/day
cm/hour in/hour gpd/sf
12.13 19.5 0.26 0.10 1.54
12.16 13.3 3.00 6.2 651 217.00 13020.0 7.98 191.54
12.31 12.4 15.00 0.9 94.5 6.30 378.0 0.23 5.56
13.01 10.2 30.00 2.2 231 7.70 462.0 0.28 6.80
13.31 8 30.00 2.2 231 7.70 462.0 0.28 6.80
14.01 6.1 30.00 1.9 199.5 6.65 399.0 0.24 5.87
14.31 4 30.00 2.1 220.5 7.35 441.0 0.27 6.49
14.46 3 15.00 1 105 7.00 420.0 0.26 6.18
15.01 2 15.00 1 105 7.00 420.0 0.26 6.18 inch cm
15.16 1 15.00 1 105 7.00 420.0 0.26 6.18 Hole Depth:12 30.48
Hi:9 22.86
Hf:9 22.86
Graph Data
Time Ksat
12.31 0.23
13.01 0.28
13.31 0.28
14.01 0.24
14.31 0.27
14.46 0.26
15.01 0.26
15.16 0.26
AVERAGE:
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00
Series1
Calculating Saturated Hydraulic Conductiviy, Ksat, by the Glover model
INFORMATION
Date 3/29/2018
Measurement Conducted By Don Wells
Job Name Cumberland Yard BMP's
Job Number 13479.S1
Weather Cond., Temp.sunny, 70
Ksat Location Site # 2
Soil Ag Field
Horizon A, Sandy loam
Source of Water tap
Required Data Value Units
Radius of Hole 2.5 cm
Depth of Hole 30.48 cm
Initial Depth of Water in Hole (H)15.24 cm
Final Depth of Water in Hole (H)15.24 cm
Start Saturation Time 12:06 Hour:Min
Start of Steady-State Condition Time 12:36 Hour:Min
No. of Reservoirs Used at Steady-State 2
Ratio H/r 6.0960
A factor in Equation [2] of Manual 0.001136
Clock Water Time Change Flow Flow Flow
Time Level Interval in Water Volume Rate Rate
Reading Level Q Q Ksat Ksat
Hr.Min cm Minute cm cm3 cm3/min cm3/hour cm/hour cm/day
12.06 26
12.21 20.8 15.00 5.2 546 36.40 2184.0 2.48 59.56
12.36 19.2 15.00 1.6 168 11.20 672.0 0.76 18.33
13.06 16.1 30.00 3.1 325.5 10.85 651.0 0.74 17.75 cm/hour in/hour gpd/sf
13.36 13 30.00 3.1 325.5 10.85 651.0 0.74 17.75 0.81 0.32 4.80
14.06 9.6 30.00 3.4 357 11.90 714.0 0.81 19.47
14.36 6.4 30.00 3.2 336 11.20 672.0 0.76 18.33
15.06 2.6 30.00 3.8 399 13.30 798.0 0.91 21.76
15.21 1 15.00 1.6 168 11.20 672.0 0.76 18.33
inch cm
Hole Depth:12 30.48
Hi:6 15.24
Hf:6 15.24
Graph Data
Time Ksat
12.36 0.76
13.06 0.74
13.36 0.74
14.06 0.81
14.36 0.76
15.06 0.91
15.21 0.76
AVERAGE:
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00
Series1
Calculating Saturated Hydraulic Conductiviy, Ksat, by the Glover model
INFORMATION
Date 3/29/2018
Measurement Conducted By Don Wells
Job Name Cumberland Yard BMP's
Job Number 13479.S1
Weather Cond., Temp.sunny, 72
Ksat Location Site #4
Soil Ag Field
Horizon A & Bt; SL & CL
Source of Water tap
Required Data Value Units
Radius of Hole 2.5 cm
Depth of Hole 15.24 cm
Initial Depth of Water in Hole (H)15.24 cm
Final Depth of Water in Hole (H)15.24 cm
Start Saturation Time 11:48 Hour:Min
Start of Steady-State Condition Time 12:20 Hour:Min
No. of Reservoirs Used at Steady-State 2
Ratio H/r 6.0960
A factor in Equation [2] of Manual 0.001136
Clock Water Time Change Flow Flow Flow
Time Level Interval in Water Volume Rate Rate
Reading Level Q Q Ksat Ksat
Hr.Min cm Minute cm cm3 cm3/min cm3/hour cm/hour cm/day
cm/hour in/hour gpd/sf
0.27 0.11 1.62
11.48 11.8
11.50 9.2 2.00 2.6 273 136.50 8190.0 9.31 223.34
12.20 7.1 30.00 2.1 220.5 7.35 441.0 0.50 12.03
12.50 5.6 30.00 1.5 157.5 5.25 315.0 0.36 8.59
13.20 4.1 30.00 1.5 157.5 5.25 315.0 0.36 8.59
13.50 3 30.00 1.1 115.5 3.85 231.0 0.26 6.30
14.20 2 30.00 1 105 3.50 210.0 0.24 5.73 inch cm
14.50 1 30.00 1 105 3.50 210.0 0.24 5.73 Hole Depth:6 15.24
Hi:6 15.24
Hf:6 15.24
Graph Data
Time Ksat
12.20 0.50
12.50 0.36
13.20 0.36
13.50 0.26
14.20 0.24
14.50 0.24
AVERAGE:
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00
Series1
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@?-78.822244, 35.042356
-78.824596, 35.045426
-78.823073, 35.046019
-78.820309, 35.042148
NC HWY 24
DOWNING RD
ACCORD RDNC Center for Geographic Information & Anaylsis
Project Number:
DWProject Manager:
1" = 300'Scale:
03/29/18Date:
Map Title:
Source:
Ksat & Soil Boring Map
North Carolina ACP Contractor Yard
Cumberland County, NC
Cumberland Co GIS,
2017 aerial from NCOneMap.com
13479.S1 Figure 1
0 150 300 450 600Feet
Legend
@?Ksat & Soil Boring Locations