20051097 Ver 1_Complete File_20060314

Wolf Cteek Engineering, PLLC
Wolf free Engineering and Environmental Consulting
y h?
March 10, 2006 77D
I A R 1 ? `t1li
Mr. Larry Eaton
n6111IR . VsaVE R R (a?AL;rvDivision of Water Quality 'NE-
??) OR.Ir4ERBRApdcti
Program and Policy Development Unit
Mail Service Center 1650
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
RE: Pre-construction benthic sampling of Lick Creek site
Dear Mr. Eaton:
Please accept the enclosed report, maps, and photographs as the pre-construction benthic
sampling results for the Lick Creek stream restoration project in Lee County, NC. The
sampling was conducted in January 2006 by a certified biologist, Eric Black. Dave Lenat
conducted the sample analysis and compiled the enclosed report. The reference sites
listed in the report are located upstream on of the project site. They were chosen due to
their proximity to the project reach, the existence of a wooded buffer, and relatively
stable channel conditions. If you require any additional, information please advise.
Sincerely, '
Wolf Creek. Engineering, PLLC
an Ginn, P.E.
President
cc: Worth Creech

2705 Rustic Brick Road • Raleigh, North Carolina 27603 • 919.779.1825 • www.wolfcreekeng.com
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE
SAMPLING REPORT
FOR
LICK CREEK STREAM RESTORATION
LEE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED BY:
=*Qo I f Crag
EIEENG
FOR:
MARCH 2006
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLES - LICK CREEK AND WALLACE BRANCH
January 2006
Study Area
Lick Creek is a tributary of the Cape Fear River, northeast of Sanford in Lee County; Wallace
Branch is the northwestern fork of Lick Creek. Both streams are located in the Triassic Basin and
drain portions of Sanford in Cape Fear River subbasin 7. Due to severe habitat problems,
portions of these two streams I;is been selected for restoration, including construction of new
channels with more sinuosity, graded banks, and better riffle-pool sequences.
The substrate in Lick Creek and Wallace Branch is primarily sand and clay. Historic land use
(agriculture, logging) has lead to deeply entrenched channels with steep, eroding banks.
Problems in the Lick Creek area are related to both land use and the Triassic Basin geology. The
clay soils near Sanford (including portions of both Cape Fear subbasins 7 and 11) do not produce
either the rocky streams seen to the west in the Slate Belt area or the coarse sand/gravel streams
seen to the east in the Sandhills ecoregion. The clay soils of the Triassic region also have poor
groundwater storage, leading to flooding after heavy rainfall and lack of flow during droughts.
Many Triassic streams stop flowing in the summer, severely limiting the diversity of the aquatic
fauna.
All portions of Lick Creek and Wallace Creek had poor habitat, characterized by a relatively
uniform "run" habitat (few good pools or riffles), deeply entrenched channel, severely eroding
banks, and sparse habitat for fish or benthic macroinvertebrates. Current land use within the
project area is pasture; current land use for upstream reference sites is forest. A more detailed
analysis of habitat characteristics will be presented elsewhere.
Sic sites were established within the upper Lick Cr catchment: 4 sites on Lick Creek and 2 sites
on Wallace Branch. Sites are listed below in upstream/downstream order:
Wallace Branch
Site #6: Reference site above area to be restored. This area contains many beaverdams.
Site #5: At the upper end of the project area.
Lick Creek
Site #4: Reference site above the area to be restored.
Site #3: Within project area, upstream of Wallace Branch.
Site #2: Within project area, downstream of Wallace Branch.
Site #1: Downstream of project area.
Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected on January 21, 2006 - prior to stream
restoration. This data will be compared to post restoration samples.
Prior Data
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) has no prior biological collections from Lick
Creek. Collections by DWQ from nearby small Triassic streams (Gulf Creek, Hughes Creek,
Little Buffalo Creek) usually yield only 3-5 taxa in the intolerant "EPT" groups (see methods).
Larger streams in this area (Buffalo Creek) may have as many as 14-17 EPT taxa, probably due
to more constant flow.
Methods
Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using Qual-4 methods, as described in the Standard
Operating Procedures for the Biologicai Assessment Group, NC Division of Water Quality. Four
samples are collected at each site. 1 kick-net sample, 1 sweep-net sample, 1 leaf pack, plus
visual inspection of large rocks and logs.
Data analysis used both taxa richness (especially taxa richness for the intolerant EPT groups)
and a biotic index. EPT taxa richness (a simple count of the number of different kinds of
invertebrates that are in Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera or Trichoptera groups) usually increases with
better water quality and/or habitat quality, although this metric naturally varies over a gradient of
stream size within the Triassic Basin. The biotic index summarizes the tolerance data for all
macroinvertebrate taxa; lower numbers indicate better water and/or habitat quality. Tolerance
values for individual taxa vary from 0 to 10, but the biotic index for a piedmont stream is usually in
the range of 4.5 to 9.0.
Reference sites are used to develop site ratings (bioclassifications) using EPT taxa richness and
biotic index values. Unfortunately, biologists with the North Carolina Division of Water Quality
have been unable to find adequate reference sites for this ecoregion (Trish MacPherson,
personal communication). Other Triassic Basin streams (near both Durham and Sanford) usually
have low EPT taxa richness and high biotic index values (NC Division of Water Quality's
Basinwide Assessment Reports for the Neuse River Basin in 2001 and for the Cape Fear River
Basin in 2004). It is not clear whether this pattern reflects limits imposed by Triassic basin soils
or if no undisturbed streams can be found in these areas.
Early DWQ reports listed Triassic Basin streams as having Poor or Fair macroinvertebrate
ratings, but their more recent reports simply list these streams as "Not Rated" until criteria can be
developed for this ecoregion. DWQ also changed routine macroinvertebrate sampling times for
Triassic Basin streams from summer to winter, in order to avoid collections during periods with no
flowing water.
Results and Discussion. Tables 1-2, Appendix 1
Wallace Branch
There are many beaverdams at upstream site (#6), which reduces flow velocity and may cause
lower dissolved oxygen values. The macroinvertebrate fauna of Wallace Branch reflected low-
flow conditions, and it is likely that Wallace Branch stopped flowing during the Fall 2005 drought.
Many of dominant taxa are more typical of swamps or ditches than streams: Hydrobaenus,
Procambarus, and Crangonyx. This also was the only site where isopods (usually associated
with lentic conditions) were common. None of the dominant species suggested enrichment,
although most of the common and abundant taxa can withstand low dissolved oxygen
concentrations.
The stonefly Allocapnia was present only in Wallace Branch, being abundant at the upstream site
and common further downstream. This suggests that water quality during winter months may be
better in Wallace Branch than in Lick Creek. The low-flow assemblage in Wallace Branch,
however, is made of tolerant and facultative species that contribute to the high biotic index values
at both site #5 and site #6.
Comparisons of sites #5 and #6 suggest a decline in water quality or habitat quality at site #5.
Note both the higher biotic index at site #5 and the lower EPT abundance. This pattern may be
quite different after stream restoration.
Lick Creek
The samples collected from Lick Creek showed a decline in water quality and/or habitat quality
from site #4 (the upstream reference site) through site #2. The largest change was seen between
site #3 and site #2, suggesting that Wallace Branch has a negative influence on aquatic life in
Lick Creek. Site #4 and Site #3 had the lowest biotic index values in this survey (6.2-6.6) and
were the only sites where a mayfly (Stenonema modestum) was the dominant species. There
was also a small decline between site #4 and site #3, illustrating the effects of land use changing
from forest to pasture.
Table 1. Taxa Richness (by group) and summary parameters, Wallace Branch (#5-6) and Lick Creek (#1-4),
Lee County, January 2006. Sites are in upstream/downstream order.
Wallace Br Lick Cr
Group #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1
Ephemeroptera - 1 3 3 2 3
Poeoptera 1 1 1 - - -
Trichoptera - 1 1 1 - 1
Coleoptera 1 2 2 3 1 4
Megaloptera - 2 - - 2
Odonata 2 1 4 5 2 5
Diptera: Misc. 3 3 2 1 3 1
Diptera: Chironomidae 7 11 4 2 4 4
Oligochaeta 1 3 - - 3 1
Crustacea 3 2 1 1 1 1
Mollusca 3 2 1 - 1 3
Other 1 3 - - i 1
Total Taxa Richness 22 30 21 16 18 26
Total Abundance* 86 77 42 38 43 78
EPT Taxa Richness 1 3 5 4 1 2
EPT Abundance* 10 5 16 13 4 8
Biotic index** 7.1 7.6 6.2 6.6 7.4 7.1
BI Rating Fair Poor Good-Fair Fair Fair Fair
*Abundant = 10, Common = 3, Rare = 1(summed for all taxa in group)
Seasonally corrected. Ratings given here are for Piedmont streams; they are used solely to demonstrate
between-site changes in water quality/habitat quality. These streams cannot be rated until criteria are
developed for Triassic Basin streams.
Table 2. Distribution of abundant species (>10 collected at any one site), Wallace Branch (#5-6) and Lick
Creek (#1-4), Lee County, January 2006. "+" indicates dominant taxa.
Taxa
EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)
Stenonema (=Maccaffertium) modestum
PLECOPTERA (Stoneflies)
Allocapnia sp
COLEOPTERA (Beetles)
Neoporus spp
Ancyronyx variegata
DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE (Blackflies)
Prosimulium spp
DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE (Midges)
Hydrobaenus sp
Orthocladius obumbratus gr
Tribelos jucundus
Polypedilum ha(terale gr
CRUSTACEA
Procambarus sp (a crayfish)*
Crangonyx sp (an amphipod)
GASTROPODA (Snails)
Physella sp (low DO indicator)
Wallace Br Lick Cr
#6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1

- - A+ A+ C C
A C - - - -
A C R R C C
- - - - - A
A+ C C - - -
A+ A+ - - R -
A A C A A
- R - C C A
- - - A R -
C C R R - -
A A - - - -
C - R - C A
*Crayfish are included are due to their larger size relative to other macroinvertebrates
There may be a slight recovery at site #1, largely due to larger size and the subsequent addition
of some species (especially elmid beetles). However, note the increase in Physella, an indicator
of low dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Rare Taxa
There are very few rare or highly intolerant taxa in January samples from Lick Creek and Wallace
Branch. Two species that were present in the January samples, however, are relatively
uncommon in DWQ stream samples:
Axarus sp. (Chironomidae). This genus is uncommonly collected in North Carolina, but
there is little reason to believe it is an intolerant species. Some Axarus larvae burrow in
clay sediments.
Cnephia omithophila (Simuliiae). Usually identified (incorrectly) as C. pecuarum and
collected in North Carolina along a narrow band within the inner coastal plain. Adler et al.
(2004) indicate that this blackfly is found along most of east coast, extending west along
the Gulf coast into Texas. C. omithophila is a winter species.
Appendix 1. Taxa list and relative abundance, Wallace Branch (#5-6) and Lick Creek (#1-4)), Lee
County, 21 January 2006. A=Abundant, C=Common, R=Rare.
Taxon N #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1
EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)
Stenonema (=Maccaffertium) modestum 5.5 A+ A+ C C
Stenacron interpunctatum 6.9 R R C
Leptophlebia sp 6.2 R R R
Eurylophella sp 4.3 R R
PLECOPTERA (Stoneflies)
Allocapnia sp 2.5 A C
Clioperla clio 4.7 R
TRICHOPTERA (Caddisflies)
Cheumatopsyche sp 6.2 C R R
Ptilostomis sp 6.4 R
COLEOPTERA (Beetles)
Neoporus spp 8.6 A C R R C C
Neoporus mellitus 4.0 R
Gyrinus sp 6.2 R
Dineutus sp 5.5 R R
Ancyronyx variegatus 6.5 A
Macronychus glabratus 4.6 C
Dubiraphia sp (larvae) 5.9 R
ODONATA (Dragonflies/Damselflies)
Argia sp 8.2 R R R
Calopteryx sp 7.8 C C R
Gomphus sp 5.8 R R R
Progomphus obscurus 8.2 R R R R
Boyeria vinosa 5.9 C R
Libellula sp 9.6 R R
Pachydiplax longipennis 9.9 R
Macromia sp 6.2 R
Somatochiora sp 9.2 R
MEGALOPTERA
Corydalus cornutus 5.2 R
Nigronia serricornis 5.0 R
Sialis sp 7.2 R C
DIPTERA: MISCELLANEOUS
Prosimulium spp
/ k° Y 6.0 A+ C C
Simulium congareenarum - 4.9 C C
Cnephia ornithophila 5.0 C
Tipula spp 7.3 R R R R
Hexatoma sp 4.3 R R
Chrysops sp 6.7 R
Appendix 1. Continued
Taxon
DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE (Midges)
Conchapelopia gr
Chironomus sp
Kiefferulus sp
Tribelos jucundus
Stenochironomus sp
Stictochironomus sp
Axarus sp
Polypedilum halterale
Rheotanytarsus sp
Paratanytarsus sp
Hydrobaenus sp
Hydrobaenus Sp O Epler
Diplocladius cultriger
Tvetenia bavarica gr
Orthocladius obumbratus gr
Orthocladius oliveri
Cricotopus annulator gr
OLIGOCHAETA (Worms)
Lumbriculidae
Limnodrilus hoffineisteri
Nais sp
Spirosperma nikolskyi
CRUSTACEA
Procambarus sp
Crangonyx sp
Asellus (=Caecidotea) forbesi
MOLLUSCA (Snails/Clams)
Physella spp
Sphaerium sp
Pisidium sp
Corbicula fluminea
OTHER
Corixidae (Hemiptera)
Belostoma sp (Hemiptera)
Prostoma graecens (Nemertea)
Helobdella triserialis (Hiridinea)
TV #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1

8.4 R R
9.6 C
10 R R
6.3 R C C A
6.5 R
6.5 R
2.0 C
7.3 A R
5.9 R
8.5 R
9.5 A+ A+ R
5.0 R
7.4 R R
3.7 R R
8.5 A A C A A
6.0 C R
7.6 R
7.0 R C C R
9.5 R C
8.9 R
5.3 R
7.0 C C R R
7.9 A A_
6.0 C R R
8.8 C R C A
7.6 R C
6.5 R C C
6.1 C
9.0 R R
9.8 R
6.1 R C
9.2 R
Benthic Sampling Locations for
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project, Lee Co., NC

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Site 2: Lick Creek - Downstream of confluence with Wallace Branch
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Site 2: Lick Creek - Downstream of confluence with Wallace Branch
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
Site 3: Lick Creek - Upstream end of project

Site 3: Lick Creek - Upstream end of project
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples

Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
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BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE
SAMPLING REPORT
FOR
LICK CREEK STREAM RESTORATION
LEE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED BY:
FOR:
MARCH 2006
There may be a slight recovery at site #1, largely due to larger size and the subsequent addition
of some species (especially elmid beetles). However, note the increase in Physella, an indicator
of low dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Rare Taxa
There are very few rare or highly intolerant taxa in January samples from Lick Creek and Wallace
Branch. Two species that were present in the January samples, however, are relatively
uncommon in DWQ stream samples:
Axarus sp. (Chironomidae). This genus is uncommonly collected in North Carolina, but
there is little reason to believe it is an intolerant species. Some Axarus larvae burrow in
clay sediments.
Cnephia omifhophda (Simuliiae). Usually identified (incorrectly) as C. pecuarum and
collected in North Carolina along a narrow band within the inner coastal plain. Adler et al.
(2004) indicate that this blackfly is found along most of east coast, extending west along
the Gulf coast into Texas. C. omithophila is a winter species.
Appendix 1. Taxa list and relative abundance, Wallace Branch (#5-6) and Lick Creek (#1-4)), Lee
County, 21 January 2006. A=Abundant, C=Common, R=Rare.
Taxori TV #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1
EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)
Stenonema (=Maccaffertium) modestum 5.5 A+ A+ C C
Stenacron interpunctatum 6.9 R R C
Leptophlebia sp 6.2 R R R
Eurylophella sp 4.3 R R
PLECOPTERA (Stoneflies)
Allocapnia sp 2.5 A C
Clioperla clio 4.7 R
TRICHOPTERA (Caddisflies)
Cheumatopsyche sp 6.2 C R R
Ptilostomis sp 6.4 R
COLEOPTERA (Beetles)
Neoporus spp 8.6 A C R R C C
Neoporus mellitus 4.0 R
Gyrinus sp 6.2 R
Dineutus sp 5.5 R R
Ancyronyx variegatus 6.5 A
Macronychus glabratus 4.6 C
Dubiraphia sp (larvae) 5.9 R
ODONATA (Dragonflies/Damselflies)
Argia sp 8.2 R R R
Calopteryx sp 7.8 C C R
Gomphus sp 5.8 R R R
Progomphus obscurus 8.2 R R R R
Boyeria vinosa 5.9 C R
Libellula sp 9.6 R R
Pachydiplax longipennis 9.9 R
Macromia sp 6.2 R
Somatochlora sp 9.2 R
MEGALOPTERA
Corydalus cornutus 5.2 R
Nigronia serricornis 5.0 R
Sialis sp 7.2 R C
DIPTERA: MISCELLANEOUS
Prosimulium spp 6.0 A+ C C
Simulium congareenarum 4.9 C C
Cnephia ornithophila 5.0 C
Tipula spp 7.3 R R R R
Hexatoma sp 4.3 R R
Chrysops sp 6.7 R
Appendix 1. Continued
Taxon
DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE (Midges)
Conchapelopia gr
Chironomus sp
IGefferulus sp
Tribelos jucundus
Stenochironomus sp
Stictochironomus sp
Axarus sp
Polypedilum halterale
Rheotanytarsus sp
Paratanytarsus sp
Hydrobaenus sp
Hydrobaenus Sp O Epler
Diplocladius cultriger
Tvetenia bavarica gr
Orthocladius obumbratus gr
Orthocladius oliveri
Cricotopus annulator gr
OLIGOCHAETA (Worms)
Lumbriculidae
Limnodrilus hoffineisteri
Nais sp
Spirosperma nikolskyi
CRUSTACEA
Procambarus sp
Crangonyx sp
Asellus (=Caecidotea) forbesi
MOLLUSCA (Snails/Clams)
Physella spp
Sphaerium sp
Pisidium sp
Corbicula fluminea
OTHER
Corixidae (Hemiptera)
Belostoma sp (Hemiptera)
Prostoma graecens (Nemertea)
Helobdella triserialis (Hiridinea)
TV #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1

8.4 R R
9.6 C
10 R R
6.3 R C C A
6.5 R
6.5 R
2.0 C
7.3 A R
5.9 R
8.5 R
9.5 A+ A+ R
5.0 R
7.4 R R
3.7 R R
8.5 A A C A A
6.0 C R
7.6 R
7.0 R C C R
9.5 R C
8.9 R
5.3 R
7.0 C C R R
7.9 A A_
6.0 C R R
8.8 C R C A
7.6 R C
6.5 R C C
6.1 C
9.0 R R
9.8 R
6.1 R C
9.2 R
Benthic Sampling Locations for
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project, Lee Co., NC

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Site 1: Lick Creek - Downstream end of project
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
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Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
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Site 3: Lick Creek - Upstream end of project
Site 3: Lick Creek - Upstream end of project

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Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples

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Site 4: Lick Creek - Upstream Reference
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Site 4: Lick Creek - Upstream Reference
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
Site 5: Wallace Branch - Upstream end of project
Site 5: Wallace Branch - Upstream end of project

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Site 6: Wallace Branch - Upstream Reference
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Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE
SAMPLING REPORT
FOR
LICK CREEK STREAM RESTORATION
LEE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED BY:
.Qo1f
FOR:
MARCH 2006
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLES - LICK CREEK AND WALLACE BRANCH
January 2006
Study Area
Lick Creek is a tributary of the Cape Fear River, northeast of Sanford in Lee County; Wallace
Branch is the northwestern fork of Lick Creek. Both streams are located in the Triassic Basin and
drain portions of Sanford in Cape Fear River subbasin 7. Due to severe habitat problems,
portions of these two streams has been selected for restoration, including construction of new
channels with more sinuosity, graded banks, and better riffle-pool sequences.
The substrate in Lick Creek and Wallace Branch is primarily sand and clay. Historic land use
(agriculture, logging) has lead to deeply entrenched channels with steep, eroding banks.
Problems in the Lick Creek area are related to both land use and the Triassic Basin geology. The
clay soils near Sanford (including portions of both Cape Fear subbasins 7 and 11) do not produce
either the rocky streams seen to the west in the Slate Belt area or the coarse sand/gravel streams
seen to the east in the Sandhills ecoregion. The clay soils of the Triassic region also have poor
groundwater storage, leading to flooding after heavy rainfall and lack of flow during droughts.
Many Triassic streams stop flowing in the summer, severely limiting the diversity of the aquatic
fauna.
All portions of Lick Creek and Wallace Creek had poor habitat, characterized by a relatively
uniform "run" habitat (few good pools or riffles), deeply entrenched channel, severely eroding
banks, and sparse habitat for fish or benthic macroinvertebrates. Current land use within the
project area is pasture; current land use for upstream reference sites is forest. A more detailed
analysis of habitat characteristics will be presented elsewhere.
Six sites were established within the upper Lick Cr catchment: 4 sites on Lick Creek and 2 sites
on Wallace Branch. Sites are listed below in upstream/downstream order:
Wallace Branch
Site #6: Reference site above area to be restored. This area contains many beaverdams.
Site #5: At the upper end of the project area.
Lick Creek
Site #4: Reference site above the area to be restored.
Site #3: Within project area, upstream of Wallace Branch.
Site #2: Within project area, downstream of Wallace Branch.
Site #1: Downstream of project area.
Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected on January 21, 2006 - prior to stream
restoration. This data will be compared to post-restoration samples.
Prior Data
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) has no prior biological collections from Lick
Creek. Collections by DWQ from nearby small Triassic streams (Gulf Creek, Hughes Creek,
Little Buffalo Creek) usually yield only 3-5 taxa in the intolerant "EPT" groups (see methods).
Larger streams in this area (Buffalo Creek) may have as many as 14-17 EPT taxa, probably due
to more constant flow.
Methods
Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using Qual-4 methods, as described in the Standard
Operating Procedures for the Biological Assessment Group, NC Division of Water Quality. Four
samples are collected at each site: 1 kick-net sample, 1 sweep-net sample, 1 leaf pack, plus
visual inspection of large rocks and logs.
Data analysis used both taxa richness (especially taxa richness for the intolerant EPT groups)
and a biotic index. EPT taxa richness (a simple count of the number of different kinds of
invertebrates that are in Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera or Trichoptera groups) usually increases with
better water quality and/or habitat quality, although this metric naturally varies over a gradient of
stream size within the Triassic Basin. The biotic index summarizes the tolerance data for all
macroinvertebrate taxa; lower numbers indicate better water and/or habitat quality. Tolerance
values for individual taxa vary from 0 to 10, but the biotic index for a piedmont stream is usually in
the range of 4.5 to 9.0.
Reference sites are used to develop site ratings (bioclassifications) using EPT taxa richness and
biotic index values. Unfortunately, biologists with the North Carolina Division of Water Quality
have been unable to find adequate reference sites for this ecoregion (Trish MacPherson,
personal communication). Other Triassic Basin streams (near both Durham and Sanford) usually
have low EPT taxa richness and high biotic index values (NC Division of Water Quality's
Basinwide Assessment Reports for the Neuse River Basin in 2001 and for the Cape Fear River
Basin in 2004). It is not clear whether this pattern reflects limits imposed by Triassic basin soils
or if no undisturbed streams can be found in these areas.
Early DWQ reports listed Triassic Basin streams as having Poor or Fair macroinvertebrate
ratings, but their more recent reports simply list these streams as "Not Rated" until criteria can be
developed for this ecoregion. DWQ also changed routine macroinvertebrate sampling times for
Triassic Basin streams from summer to winter, in order to avoid collections during periods with no
flowing water.
Results and Discussion. Tables 1-2, Appendix 1
Wallace Branch
There are many beaverdams at upstream site (#6), which reduces flow velocity and may cause
lower dissolved oxygen values. The macroinvertebrate fauna of Wallace Branch reflected low-
flow conditions, and it is likely that Wallace Branch stopped flowing during the Fall 2005 drought.
Many of dominant taxa are more typical of swamps or ditches than streams: Hydrobaenus,
Procambarus, and Crangonyx. This also was the only site where isopods (usually associated
with lentic conditions) were common. None of the dominant species suggested enrichment,
although most of the common and abundant taxa can withstand low dissolved oxygen
concentrations.
The stonefly Allocapnia was present only in Wallace Branch, being abundant at the upstream site
and common further downstream. This suggests that water quality during winter months may be
better in Wallace Branch than in Lick Creek. The low-flow assemblage in Wallace Branch,
however, is made of tolerant and facultative species that contribute to the high biotic index values
at both site #5 and site #6.
Comparisons of sites #5 and #6 suggest a decline in water quality or habitat quality at site #5.
Note both the higher biotic index at site #5 and the lower EPT abundance. This pattern may be
quite different after stream restoration.
Lick Greek
The samples collected from Lick Creek showed a decline in water quality and/or habitat quality
from site #4 (the upstream reference site) through site #2. The largest change was seen between
site #3 and site #2, suggesting that Wallace Branch has a negative influence on aquatic life in
Lick Creek. Site #4 and Site #3 had the lowest biotic index "values in this survey (6.2-6.6) and
were the only sites where a mayfly (Stenonema modestum) was the dominant species. There
was also a small decline between site #4 and site #3, illustrating the effects of land use changing
from forest to pasture.

Table 1. Taxa Richness (by group) and summary parameters, Wallace Branch (#5-6) and Lick Creek (#1-4),
Lee County, January 2006. Sites are in upstream/downstream order.
Wallace Br Lick Cr
Group #6 #5 #4 _#3#2 #1
Ephemeroptera - 1 3 3 2 3
Poeoptera 1 1 1 - -
1 1 - -
1
Trichoptera -
1 1
2 2 3 1 4
Coleoptera 2 - - 2
Megaloptera -
2 1 4 5 2 5
Odonata
Diptera: Misc. 3 3 2 1 3 1
Diptera: Chironomidae 7 11 4 2 4 4
Oligochaeta 1 3 - - 3
1 1 1 1
1
Crustacea 3
3 2
2 1 - 1 3
Mollusca 1 1
Other 1 3 - -
Total Taxa Richness 22 30 21 16 18
42 38 43 26
78
Total Abundance* 86 77 5 4 1 2
EPT Taxa Richness 1
EPT Abundance* 10 3
5 16 13 4 8
Biotic index** 7.1 7.6 6.2 6.6 7.4 7.1
BI Rating Fair Poor Good-Fair Fair Fair Fair
Common = 3, Rare =1(summed for all taxa in group)
*Abundant= 10
,
"Seasonally corrected. Ratings given here are for Piedmont streams; they are used solely to demonstrate
between-site changes in water quality/habitat quality. These streams cannot be rated until criteria are
developed for Triassic Basin streams.
Table 2. Distribution of abundant species (>10 collected at any one site), Wallace Branch (#5-6) and Lick
Creek (#1-4), Lee County, January 2006. indicates dominant taxa.
Wallace Br Lick Cr
Taxa #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1
EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)
A+ A+
C C
Stenonema (=Maccaffertium) modestum - -
PLECOPTERA (Stoneflies)
Allocapnia sp A C - - - -
COLEOPTERA (Beetles)
A C R R
C C
Neoporus spp A
Ancyronyx variegata -
DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE (Blackflies)
Prosimulium spp A+ C C - - -
DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE (Midges)
Hydrobaenus sp A+ A+ - -
A A C R -
A A
Orthocladius obumbratus gr - R - C C A
Tribelos jucundus - - A R -
Polypedilum halterale gr -
CRUSTACEA
Procambarus sp (a crayfish)*
C C R R
- -
Crangonyx sp (an amphipod) A A - - - -
GASTROPODA (Snails)
C - R -
C A
Physella sp (low DO indicator)
*Crayfish are included are due to their larger size relative to other macroinvertebrates
There may be a slight recovery at site #1, largely due to larger size and the subsequent addition
of some species (especially elmid beetles). However, note the increase in Physella, an indicator
of low dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Rare Taxa
There are very few rare or highly intolerant taxa in January samples from Lick Creek and Wallace
Branch. Two species that were present in the January samples, however, are relatively
uncommon in DWQ stream samples:
Axarus sp. (Chironomidae). This genus is uncommonly collected in North Carolina, but
there is little reason to believe it is an intolerant species. Some Axarus larvae burrow in
clay sediments.
Cnephia omithophda (Simuliiae). Usually identified (incorrectly) as C. pecuarum and
collected in North Carolina along a narrow band within the inner coastal plain. Adler et al.
(2004) indicate that this blackfly is found along most of east coast, extending west along
the Gulf coast into Texas. C. omithophila is a winter species.
Appendix 1. Taxa list and relative abundance, Wallace Branch (#5-6) and Lick Creek (#1-4)), Lee
County, 21 January 2006. A=Abundant, C=Common, R=Rare.
N #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1
Taxon
EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)
C
C
Stenonema (=Maccaffertium) modestum 5.5 A+ A+
Stenacron interpunctatum 6.9 R R C
Leptophlebia sp 6.2 R R R
R
Eurylophella sp 4.3 R
PLECOPTERA (Stoneflies)
Allocapnia sp 2.5 A C
Clioperla Clio 4.7 R
TRICHOPTERA (Caddisflies)
R
Cheumatopsyche sp 6.2 C R
Ptilostomis sp 6.4 R
COLEOPTERA (Beetles)
6 A
8
C
R
R
C
C
Neoporus spp .
4
0 R
Neoporus mellitus .
Gyrinus sp 6.2
5
5 R
R
R
Dineutus sp .
5
6 A
Ancyronyx variegatus . C
Macronychus giabratus 4.6 R
Dubiraphia sp (larvae) 5.9
ODONATA (Dragonflies/Damselflies)
Argia sp 8.2
7
8 R
C R
C R
R
Calopteryx sp .
8
5 R R R
Gomphus sp
Progomphus obscurus .
8.2 R R R R
Boyeria vinosa 5.9 C R
Libellula sp 9.6 R R
Pachydiplax longipennis 9.9 R
Macromia sp 6.2 R
Somatochlora sp 9.2 R
MEGALOPTERA
Corydalus cornutus 5.2 R
R
Nigronia serricornis 5.0 R C
Sialis sp 7.2
DIPTERA: MISCELLANEOUS
Prosimulium spp 6.0 A+ C C
C
Simulium congareenarum 4.9 C C
Cnephia ornithophila 5.0
3 R
7 R R R
Tipula spp .
4
3 R R
Hexatoma sp .
6
7 R
Chrysops sp .
Appendix 1. Continued
Taxon
DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE (Midges)
Conchapelopia gr
Chironomus sp
Kefferulus sp
Tribelos jucundus
Stenochironomus sp
Stictochironomus sp
Axarus sp
Polypedilum halterale
Rheotanytarsus sp
Paratanytarsus sp
Hydrobaenus sp
Hydrobaenus Sp O Epler
Diplocladius cultriger
Tvetenia bavarica gr
Orthocladius obumbratus gr
Orthocladius oliveri
Cricotopus annulator gr
OLIGOCHAETA (Worms)
Lumbriculidae
Limnodrilus hoffineisteri
Nais sp
Spirosperma nikolskyi
CRUSTACEA
Procambarus sp
Crangonyx sp
Asellus (=Caecidotea) forbesi
MOLLUSCA (Snails/Clams)
Physella spp
Sphaerium sp
Pisidium sp
Corbicula fluminea
OTHER
Corixidae (Hemiptera)
Belostoma sp (Hemiptera)
Prostoma graecens (Nemertea)
Helobdella triserialis (Hiridinea)
TV #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1

8.4 R R
9.6 C
10 R R
6.3 R C C A
6.5 R
6.5 R
2.0 C
7.3 A R
5.9 R
8.5 R
9.5 A+ A+ R
5.0 R
7.4 R R
3.7 R R
8.5 A A C A A
6.0 C R
7.6 R
7.0 R C C R
9.5 R C
8.9 R
5.3 R
7.0 C C R R
7.9 A_ A_
6.0 C R R
8.8 C R C A
7.6 R C
6.5 R C C
6.1 C
9.0 R R
9.8 R
6.1 R C
9.2 R
Benthic Sampling Locations for
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project, Lee Co., NC
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Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
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Site 1: Lick Creek - Downstream end of project
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Site 1: Lick Creek - Downstream end of project
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
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Site 2: Lick Creek - Downstream of confluence with Wallace Branch
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Site 2: Lick Creek - Downstream of confluence with Wallace Branch
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
Site 3: Lick Creek - Upstream end of project
Site 3: Lick Creek - Upstream end of project
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples
Site 4: Lick Creek - Upstream Reference

Site 4: Lick Creek - Upstream Reference
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples

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Site 5: Wallace Branch - Upstream end of project

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Site 5: Wallace Branch - Upstream end of project
Lick Creek
Pre-Construction Benthic Samples

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Site 6: Wallace Branch - Upstream Reference xt-
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Site 6: Wallace Branch - Upstream Reference
O?O? W AT ?9QG
CO r
DWQ Project No.: V-J
Applicant: 1Z.c4-n
Project Nam
Date of Issuance of 401
tt? MAY 1 MAY L?O?
iO9-7 County- L 2G ?- //?'oan+?-, -
f1-- • ----------------
Water Quality Certification:
Certificate of Completion
Upon completion of all work approved within the 401 Water Quality Certification or applicable Buffer
Rules, and any subsequent modifications, the applicant is required to return this certificate to the
401/Wetlands Unit, North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC,
27699-1650. This form may be returned to DWQ by the applicant, the applicant's authorized agent, or
the project engineer. It is not necessary to send certificates from all of these.
Applicant's Certification
I, , hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care
and diligence was used in the observation of the construction such that the construction was observed to
be built within substantial compliance and intent of the 401 Water Quality Certification and Buffer
Rules, the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting materials.
Signature: Date:
Agenj's =on
I, ? / I Z ;"Z? i:?Z , hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care
and diligence was used in the observation of the construction such that the construction was observed to
be built within substantial compliance and intent of the 401 Water Quality Certification and Buffer
Rules, the a ve ans an s eci ea3ions, and other ,,srr}}p?portin materials.
T?_?
Signature._ 11 C " Date*
If this project was designed by a Certified Professional
I, ?,• CggAN7 (aigg , as a duly registered Professional L wo*#41i.e.,
Engineer, Landscape Architect, Surveyor, etc.) in the State of North Carolina, having been authorized
to observe (periodically, weekly, full time) the construction of the project, for the Permitee hereby state
that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence was used in the observation of the construction
such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial compliance and intent of the 401
Water Quality Certification and Buffer Rules, the approved plans and specifications, and other
supporting mat k?.
Signature Registration No. OZ t7 6 7 Date ' UT e-21 Zr-W6 14 7 77
N'1 AY 1. 7 2006
DENR - , ,?, ;T„
y' RAIPE` ,1!0!f A
ACMA
NWEV
a C Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
1 \ _ a t _ t)5 Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certification Unit,
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (Location)
919-733-1786 (phone), 919-733-6893 (fax), http://h2o.enr.state.nc.uslncwetlands/
UI
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051097
Stream Restoration Plan
Lick Creek
Lee County, North Carolina
Submitted to:
t
i a ',,nen
F'ROV3 R.ft.M
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
o ? 1pp5
JAN 1 ? n????
o?oS?os a?
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 107
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
May 2005

Submitted by:

t
t
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
Stream Restoration Plan
Lick Creek
Lee County, North Carolina
Prepared for:
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 107
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
By:
URS Corporation
1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 400
Morrisville, NC 27560
--[? 4?J
Kathleen McKeithan, PE, CPESC
Project Engineer
-7S-Robert Bail 6y
Project Manager
May 2005

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Restoration Systems is submitting this Restoration Plan to the North Carolina Ecosystem
Enhancement Program (EEP) for the Lick Creek Stream Restoration Full Delivery Project with
intentions of restoring a degraded section of Lick Creek and Wallace Branch located within Lee
County, North Carolina. The project reach is approximately 8,500 linear feet. The project is
located within the Cape Fear River Basin, Cataloging Unit 03030004. The site consists of 40
acres of floodplain, 5,000 linear feet of perennial, second/third order stream designated as Lick
Creek and 3,500 linear feet of perennial, second order stream designated as Wallace Branch.
The existing channels are highly degraded due to unrestricted livestock access, channel
straightening activities, riparian vegetation removal, and increasing non-point source runoff from
the developing watershed.
The project site is in a rural setting currently pastured and contains open fields of grasses with
woody vegetation confined to some areas adjacent to the existing stream reaches. The
surrounding area is rural in nature, with some residential development. The project reach has
active channel widening characterized by severe bank erosion.
The primary goals and objectives of the restoration of Lick Creek focus on improving local water
quality, enhancing flood attenuation and restoring aquatic and riparian habitat. These goals and
objectives will be accomplished by:
¦ Reestablishing stream stability and capacity to transport watershed flows and sediment load
by restoring stable channel morphology supported by natural instream habitat and
grade/bank stabilization structures;
¦ Reducing non-point source sedimentation and nutrient inputs into the identified project
reaches through the elimination of accelerated bank erosion, exclusion of livestock, and
reestablishment of native riparian buffers greater than 50 feet in width; and
¦ Enhancing the capacity of the site to mitigate flood flows by improving the stream's
connection to its floodplain.
The proposed stream dimension, pattern, and profile was based on the detailed morphological
criteria and hydraulic geometry relationships developed from reference reaches - stable
portions of unnamed tributaries to Reedy Creek, a second order rural stream located in Anson
County. The reference reaches are located in the same hydrophysiographic province as the
' project stream. The reference also has similar land use, valley slope, and sediment distribution
as the project site.
L

The restoration design is based on a Priority Level 1 approach that will improve connection of
approximately 9,500 linear feet of meandering, bankfull channel to its previous floodplain and
provide stable flow maintenance and sediment transport. The design bankfull stage will equal
the floodplain elevation. The design stream profile will restore stable bed morphology including
appropriate riffle-pool sequencing. Cross-vane, J-Hook vane (J-Vane), and vane instream
structures have been integrated in the design to provide grade control, assist in stabilizing the
banks and reduce the burden of energy dissipation on the channel geometry. Biodegradable
coir fiber matting will be used to provide temporary stabilization on the newly graded
streambanks. The confluence of tributaries within the project reach will be incorporated and
stabilized with a grade control structure to match the proposed grade of the restored main
channel. Excavated materials from the design channel will be used to backfill the abandoned
portions of the existing channel.
Native woody and herbaceous species will be used to establish at minimum a fifty (50) foot wide
riparian buffer on each side of the restored reach. The riparian buffer planting plan consists of

zones in which different species are associated. Live staking with appropriate native species
will also be used along the streambanks to provide natural stabilization as well as temporary
' seeding and planting of native herbs and grass seeding.
Monitoring shall consist of the collection and analysis of stream stability and riparian/stream
bank vegetation survivability data to assist in the evaluation of the project in meeting established
restoration objectives. Specifically, the success of channel modification, erosion control and re-
vegetation parameters will be assessed using measurements of stream dimension, pattern, and
profile, site photographs, and vegetation sampling.

I ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................
1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................1

r 1.1 General Project Description
1.1.1 USGS and NCDWQ River Basin Designations .............................................
..1
1.1.2 NCDWQ Surface Water Classification ......................................................... ..1

2.0 1.2 Project Goals and Objectives ...................................................................................
Watershed Characterization .......................................................................................... ..1
..2
2.1
2.2 General Description .................................................................................................
Drainage Area ......................................................................................................... ..2
..2
2.3 Land Use and Development Potential ...................................................................... ..2
2.4 Water Quality ........................................................................................................... ..3
2.5 Significant Cultural and Natural Resources .............................................................. ..3
2.5.1 Historical Resources .................................................................................... .. 3
2.5.2 Archaeological Resources ........................................................................... ..3
2.5.3 Rare/Threatened/Endangered Species and Critical Habitats ........................ ..3
3.0 Proj ect Site Existing Conditions Survey ...................................................................... ..4
3.1
3.2 General Site Description ..........................................................................................
Geology and Soils ................................................................................................... ..4
..4
3.3 Existing Riparian Buffer and Natural Communities .................................................. ..5
3.4 Existing Stream Characteristics ....:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::............................
3.4.1 Morphological Description. ..6
.6
3.4.2 Channel Evolution Stage .............................................................................. ..6
3.4.3 Stability Assessment ....................................................................................
3.4.4 Bankfull Verification ..................................................................................... ..7
..7
3.5 Constraints .............................................................................................................. .. 8
' 4.0 Methodology ................................................................................................................... ..8
4.1 Stream Classification ............................................................................................... .. 8
4.2 Sediment Transport Analysis ................................................................................... .. 9
4.3 Discharge Analysis .................................................................................................. 10
4.4 Flooding Analysis .................................................................................................... 10
4.5 Biotic Survey ........................................................................................................... 10
' 5.0 Reference Reach Analysis ............................................................................................. 10
5.1 UT to Reedy Creek (Mainstem) Reference Reach ................................................... 11

6.0 5.2 UT to Reedy Creek (Tributary) Reference Reach ....................................................
Stream Restoration Design ........................................................................................... 11
11
6.1 Proposed Conditions for Natural Channel Design ....................................................
6.1.1 Proposed Channel Description and Stream Classification ............................ 11
13
6.1.2 Sediment Transport ..................................................................................... 13
6.1.3 Flood Analysis .............................................................................................. 13
6.1.4 Structures Used for Natural Channel Design ................................................ 13
7.0 Riparian Buffer Restoration Design .............................................................................. 16
7.1 Eradication of Exotic Species ..................................................................................
16
7.2 Planting Plan ...........................................................................................................16
iii

C

1
11
11

11
8.0 Wetland Creation ............................................................................................................18
8.1 Pocket Wetland .......................................................................................................18
9.0 Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................................ 19
9.1 Duration ................................................................................:.................................. 19
9.2 Reporting ................................................................................................................. 19
9.3 Stream Stability ....................................................................................................... 19
9.3.1 Dimension .................................................................................................... 19
9.3.2 Pattern ........................................ .......................................... 20
9.3.3 Profile .......................................................................................................... 20
9.3.4 Bed Materials ......................... .......................... 20
9.4 Photograph Reference Points .................................................................................. 20
9.4.1 Cross-Section Photograph Reference Points ............................................... 20
9.4.2 Longitudinal Photograph Reference Points .................................................. 21
9.4.3 Additional Photograph Reference Points ...................................................... 21
9.5 Bankfull Hydrology ................................................................................................... 21
9.6 Vegetation Monitoring .............................................................................................. 21
10.0 References ......................................................................................................................22
TABLES
Table 1. Existing Channel Morphology by Sub-Reach .......................................................6
Table 2. Priority 1 Level Restoration ................................................................................12
Table 3. Morphological Design Criteria ............................................................................15
FIGURES
Figure 1. Vicinity Map
Figure 2. Project Location Map
Figure 3. Watershed Extent
Figure 4. Watershed Land Cover
Figure 5. Project Site Aerial
Figure 6. Soils Map
Figure 7. Bankfull Indicators
Figure 8. NC Rural Piedmont Regional Curve (Cross-sectional Area)
Figure 9. Reference Reach Location Map
Figure 10. Typical Cross-sections
Figure 11A. Restoration Plan and Profile Sheet
Figure 11 B. Restoration Plan and Profile Sheet
Figure 11 C. Restoration Plan and Profile Sheet
Figure 11 D. Restoration Plan and Profile Sheet
Figure 11 E. Restoration Plan and Profile Sheet
Figure 11 F. Restoration Plan and Profile Sheet
Figure 12. Details: Typical Structures
iv

APPENDICES
Appendix A. Project Site Existing Conditions Photographs
Appendix B. Project Site Existing Conditions Data
Appendix C. Reference Reach Photographs
' Appendix D. Reference Reach Data

11

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
1.0 INTRODUCTION
' The purpose of the Lick Creek Restoration Stream Restoration Project is to restore a degraded
section of Lick Creek and Wallace Branch located in Lee County, North Carolina. This Plan
presents detailed information regarding the existing site and watershed conditions, the
morphological design criteria developed from a selected reference reach, and the project design
parameters based upon natural channel restoration methodologies.
1.1 GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Lick Creek is located approximately 2.6 miles northeast of the City of Sanford in rural Lee County,
' North Carolina (Figure 1: Vicinity Map). The site consists of 40 acres of floodplain, 5,000 linear
feet of stream designated as Lick Creek and 3,500 linear feet of stream designated as Wallace
Branch (Figure 2: Project Location Map). These reaches consist of perennial, second and third
order streams that have historically been impacted by riparian and bank vegetation removal, the
introduction of agricultural ditch inputs, channel straightening, unrestricted livestock access, and
the increasing development of the contributing drainage area. Existing land use within the site
consists of forested areas and pasture. The site is located within the floodplains of Wallace Branch
' and Lick Creek so elevations remain relatively level. Past land management activities have
included timber harvest with resulting land clearing for pastoral uses.
1.1.1 USGS and NCDWQ River Basin Designations
The project reach is located in the Lick Creek watershed of the Cape Fear River Basin (United
States Geological Survey (USGS) 14-digit Hydrologic Unit 03030004010010) within North Carolina
Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) sub-basin 03-06-07. The 03-06-07 subbasin contains all of the
Lick Creek drainage area as well as all other drainages to the 25-river miles of the Cape Fear River
extending from near the confluence at Lick Creek in Lee County to near Buies Creek in. Harnett
County. This subbasin is primarily forested, although agriculture accounts for a significant amount
of land usage.
1.1.2 NCDWQ Surface Water Classification
The NCDWQ assigns surface waters a classification in order to help protect, maintain, and
preserve water quality. Lick Creek and Wallace Branch are classified as WS-IV waters protected
as water supplies which are generally in moderately to highly developed watersheds. Local
programs to control non-point source and stormwater discharge of pollution are required. These
waters are additionally classified as suitable for aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing,
wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. Based upon their 1992 rating, NCDWQ has
assigned all streams within this sub-basin a water quality use support rating of "fully supporting"
with increasing watershed development and non-point source pollution as identified causes of
probable impairment (NCDENR 2005).
1.2 PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The goals and objectives of the Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project focus on improving local
water quality, enhancing flood attenuation and restoring aquatic and riparian habitat and will be
accomplished by:
¦ Reestablishing stream stability and capacity to transport watershed flows and sediment load by
restoring stable channel morphology supported by natural instream habitat and grade/bank
stabilization structures;

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
¦
Reducing non-point source sedimentation and nutrient inputs into the identified project reaches
through the elimination of accelerated bank erosion, exclusion of livestock, and reestablishment
' of native riparian buffers greater than 50 feet in width, and
¦ Enhancing the capacity of the site to mitigate flood flows by improving the connection of the
stream to its floodplain.
2.0 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION
2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The project site is located in a rural setting within the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The
topography is characterized by nearly level to steep upland areas of the Piedmont {Stimpson
1989). The headwaters of both Lick Creek and Wallace Branch form to the west and south of the
project site, along the fringe of the Sanford City Limits. Elevations within the drainage area range
from a low of 200 feet National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) within the bed of Lick Creek to a
high of approximately 400 feet NGVD along the southwestern drainage area boundary near
Sanford (USGS 1970, 1974, 1977, & 1993).
2.2 DRAINAGE AREA
The total drainage area for the project is 14.0 mil (Figure 3: Watershed Extent). The contributing
area to the Wallace Branch project reach is 4.9 mil while the contributing area to the Lick Creek
project reach before the confluence with Wallace Branch is 8.9 mil. Prior to reaching the
downstream limits of the project area, an additional 0.2 miz of area drains to the project reach.
2.3 LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
Land use in the drainage area consists primarily of forest, pasture, and agriculture. Additional land
uses include rural residential development, secondary surface transportation routes, and suburban
residential and commercial/industrial development in the headwaters. The headwaters of the
contributing drainage area includes the eastern portion of the Sanford Municipal Limits and Extra-
territorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) which lies approximately 2.6 miles southwest of the site {Figure 4:
Watershed Land Cover).
' Lee County experienced a population growth of approximately 19 percent from 1990 to 2000 and is
predicting a 16 percent increase by 2010. Most of this growth has occurred directly north of and
south of the City of Sanford adjacent to the major transportation routes of US 1, US 15, US 501,
' and US 421.
Development potential within the contributing drainage area would be considered high based solely
' on the proximity of the expanding Sanford urban area and the existing US 1 and US 421
transportation routes. However, the pending US 421 Bypass Transportation Improvement Project
around the eastern side of Sanford and through the middle of the site's contributing drainage area
serves to further increase this development potential.
The NCDOT is currently finalizing the design of the US 421-NC 87 Bypass of Sanford
(Transportation Improvement Program Project R-2417). The proposed design is approximately 11
miles in length extending west of the City of Sanford from SR 1400 {Cumnock Road) to NC 87 west
of SR 1138 (Harvey Faulk Road). Right-of-way acquisition is in progress with construction
scheduled to begin in Fiscal Year (FY) 2008 (NCDOT 2005).

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina

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Relatively lower residential housing costs for commuters to the RTP/Raleigh/Cary job market and a
strong commitment by County officials to offer economic incentives to attract manufacturing
facilities serve to confirm that expansion of development in the site area is likely to accelerate in
conjunction with the construction of the US 421 Bypass. According to the Lee County Economic
Development Corporation (EDC), "local access will become even stronger when the US 421
Bypass is completed, opening southern Lee County for easy trucking."
2.4 WATER QUALITY
The location of the proposed stream restoration along Lick Creek and Wallace Branch is potentially
important to local water quality due to proximity to the Cape Fear River and the City of Sanford
drinking water intake (located approximately two miles downstream of Lick Creek's confluence with
the Cape Fear River near the NC 42 river crossing). In the future, when overflow residential
development from RTP and existing residential/industrial development in Sanford expands, this
restored and protected site will afford a degree of protection to local water quality.
As part of their land use planning initiatives, Sanford and Lee County officials are actively
developing protection initiatives for environmentally sensitive areas by setting long-term goals that
include: 1) preserving stream valleys for open space corridors and passive recreation; 2)
identifying, protecting, and enhancing ecologically valuable land and surface water for the present
and future community residents; 3) promoting Lee County as a "Green" community; and 4) creating
buffering along all creeks, rivers, and floodplains in the community. Their specific buffering goals
include establishing 30-foot minimum buffers along all creeks and streams, and a 300-foot
minimum buffer adjacent to all riverbanks including the Little River, Deep River, and Cape Fear
River.
The proposed project is supportive of these local water quality goals, will serve to address existing
deficiencies with the WS-IV watershed, and will assist the EEP in meeting mitigation goals in the
Cape Fear River Basin 03030004 cataloging unit.
2.5 SIGNIFICANT CULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES
2.5.1 Historical Resources
A review of available records at the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources - State
Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) indicates a survey for Lee County has been completed. There
are numerous resources mapped within the contributing drainage area to the proposed project.
However, only two structures, designated as potential 50-year old structures for which evaluations
have not been conducted, occur within the vicinity of the site. These structures are located on
upland areas approximately 500 feet from the existing Lick Creek channel and well outside of the
proposed riparian corridor.
2.5.2 Archaeological Resources
A review of available records indicates that no known archaeological sites are recorded within the
project site or adjacent areas and no archeology survey is recommended.
2.5.3 Rare/Threatened/Endangered Species and Critical Habitats
A review of the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) database was conducted to
determine the presence of any rare, threatened, or endangered (RTE) species or critical habitats

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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
on or near the site. Additionally, existing site conditions were evaluated in order to determine if
suitable habitat exists on the site for supporting listed species occurring within the county. No
listed occurrences of RTE species / critical habitats or existing suitable habitat for supporting such
occurrences were identified on or near the site.
Although no protected species were identified within the project area, the proposed project has the
potential to restore habitat suitable for supporting a listed species. Historic and current
occurrences of harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum) were indicated on islands in the Deep River
approximately 7 miles north of the project stream (NCNHP 2004). Harperella is federally and state
listed as endangered. Harperella is an annual herbaceous plant with a slender, smooth stem and
hollow, quill-like leaves. Its flowers are small, white, and arranged in umbels similar in appearance
to Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota). Harperella grows in thin streamside soils between cobble
and in rock crevices. Populations of the species are dependant on seasonal fluctuations of water
levels. Sustained periods of higher winter and spring water levels provide protection from cold and
ice, and removal of competing species. Lower summer flows expose seedbed and rooting strata
(NCDENR 2001a). It is anticipated that the restored stream conditions will eliminate excessive
silty, fine-grained sediment and produce the seasonal flood regime suitable for this species to
thrive.
3.0 PROJECT SITE EXISTING CONDITIONS SURVEY
3.1 GENERAL SITE DESCRIPTION
The project site is located in a rural area outside the City of Sanford. The majority of the project
site is currently pastured and dominated by open fields of grasses with woody vegetation confined
to areas adjacent to the existing stream reaches and along the Lick Creek reach section that is
partially forested (Figure 5: Project Site Aerial). The project reach crosses one roadway, Lower
Moncure Road. The site consists of 40 acres of floodplain, 3,500 linear feet of stream designated
as Wallace Branch and 5,000 linear feet of stream designated as Lick Creek. These reaches
consist of perennial, second and third order streams that have historically been impacted by
riparian and bank vegetation removal, the introduction of agricultural ditch inputs, channel
straightening, unrestricted livestock access, and the increasing development of the contributing
drainage area. Photographs of representative site conditions are provided in Appendix A (Project
Site Existing Conditions Photographs).
3.2 GEOLOGY AND SOILS
The project site is located in the southeastern portion of the Piedmont physiographic province,
specifically, within the Chatham Group, Sanford-Durham Sub-basin of the Triassic Basin
ecoregion. The Triassic Basins consist of dissected irregular plains with some low rounded hills
and ridges. This ecoregion has low to moderate gradient streams with relatively wider floodplains
than other Piedmont ecoregions (Griffith et al 2002).
' According to the Soil Survey of Lee County (Stimpson, 1989), predominant soil groups found within
the contributing watershed include Mayodan-Pinkston, Creedmoor-White Store, and Chewacla-
Wehadkee-Congaree (Figure 6: Soils Map).
' Soils within the project site are predominately mapped as Congaree silt loam (Cp). The site also
includes minor areas of Chewacla silt loam (Ch), present at the upstream end of the floodplain of
Lick Creek, and Mayodan fine sandy loam, found on the small upland inclusion south of Wallace
Branch near Lower Moncure Road (Stimpson 1989).

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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
Congaree silt loam, a thermic Typic Udifluvent, is swell-drained soil that generally occurs in narrow
bands on nearly. level slopes (0-2%) parallel to streams where channels are deep enough to
provide good drainage. They were formed in fine loamy material washed from soils on uplands.
Congaree soils typically contain inclusions of Chewacla soils, which have hydric inclusions, and
Wehadkee soils, which are hydric soils. Congaree soils are frequently flooded for very brief
periods, have moderate permeability, and low shrink-swell potential. The seasonal high water
table can be as shallow as 2.5 feet. In a typical profile, the surface layer is silt loam approximately
9 inches thick with underlying material to a depth of 52 inches that is friable silt loam stratified with
I thin lenses of fine sandy loam. Below this, to a depth of about 65 inches is silty clay loam.
Congaree soils are classified in the B hydrologic soil group (Stimpson 1989).
' If destabilized, the low cohesive strength of these soils makes them highly vulnerable to active
erosional processes such as slab and rotational failure due to basal cleanout, especially in the
absence of adequate streambank vegetation.
' Chewacla loam, a thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts, is described as a nearly level and
somewhat poorly drained soil found within long, narrow floodplains along major streams. The soil is
moderately permeable, and available water capacity is high. The seasonal high water table is 0.5
foot to 1.5 feet below the surface, which allows frequently flooding for brief periods. Chewacla
soils, which have hydric inclusions, typically contain small inclusions of Congaree soils, which have
hydric inclusions, and Wehadkee soils, which are hydric soils located in depressions. Chewacla
soils are mostly used as woodland with small areas used as cropland or pasture (Stimpson 1989).
3.3 EXISTING RIPARIAN BUFFER AND NATURAL COMMUNITIES
The project site is in a rural setting with agricultural activities occurring in close proximity including
pasturing of cattle and a fowl production facility. Two vegetative communities were identified on
' site, Agricultural Grass and PiedmonVMountain Bottomland Forest.
The existing stream buffer in the farming area is not regarded as a naturally occurring system, but
as a result of human induced disturbance. The pastured areas bordering the project channels are
primarily vegetated with typical field grasses such as fescue (Festuca sp.) and other herbs and
shrubs. Other herbaceous species include chickweed (Stellaria media), curly dock (Rumex
crispus), white clover (Trifolium repens), and dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium). Scattered
individuals or small clumps of shrubs and trees were also noted in these areas, predominantly
sweetgum (Liquidambar styracif/ua), red maple (Acer rubrum), and eastern redcedar (Juniperus
virginiana), blackberry species (Rubus sp.) and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense).
The canopy above the Lick Creek reach contains species indicative of a Piedmont/Mountain
Bottomland Forest (Schafale and Weakley 1990). The dominant canopy species in this area were
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), sweetgum, river birch (Betula nigra), green ash
(Fraxinus pennsylvanica), and box-elder maple (Acer negundo). Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
and American elm (Ulmus americana) were also present. The shrub level was fairly dense
throughout these areas and was dominated by Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), giant cane
(Arundinaria gigantea), and saplings of the canopy tree species. Grape (Vitus spp.), greenbrier
(Smilax spp.), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera
japonica) were present throughout. The predominant species rooted in the stream banks was
Chinese privet.
The canopy of the forested areas beyond the levee on the adjoining property to the south and east
' of the stream has been altered by forestry operations. Where this logging activity was conducted,

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
the canopy was approximately 10 feet tall and the dominant species were sweet9um box-elder
maple, red maple, and American hazel (Cory/us americana). Chinese privet, grape, greenbrier,
poison ivy, and Japanese honeysuckle were noted throughout.
An area to the northwest of the confluence of Lick Creek and Wallace Branch was also identified
as a Piedmont/Mountain Bottomland Forest community. The species composition was similar to
the other bottomland forest areas identified; however, it has a higher constituent of sweetgum and
river birch and appears to be subject to frequently saturated conditions and considered a
jurisdictional wetland. This area totals approximately 3.5 acres, but was not subject to a
jurisdictional delineation. Of this acreage, only one-half to one acre are planned to be included in
the restored stream/riparian corridor easement and none of the area will be impacted by the
stream design or construction.
3.4 EXISTING STREAM CHARACTERISTICS
3.4.1 Morphological Description
A Rosgen Level II assessment was conducted initially in March 2004 to determine restoration
potential of the site and Rosgen Level III assessment in January 2005 to gather existing stream
dimension, pattern, and profile data (i.e., width, depth, cross-sectional area, slope, radius of
curvature, belt width, meander length), develop morphological parameters (i.e., W/D ratio,
entrenchment ratio, radius of curvature to bankfull width ratio, sinuosity). The project reach is
subdivided into five sections due to the road crossing, confluence of Wallace Branch and Lick
Creek, and the change in drainage areas. Data developed from this assessment are summarized
below and detailed data records are presented in Appendix B jProject Site Existing Conditions
Data).

Table 1. Existing Channel Morpholoqy by Sub-Reach

Parameter Wallace
Branch
Reach A Wallace
Branch
Reach B Lick Creek
Reach C Lick Creek
Reach D Lick Creek
Reach E
Drainage Area mi 4.89 4.94 8.86 13.89 14.01
Bankfull Width ft 25.4 16.0 29.9 32.6 26.1
Mean Bankfull Depth ft 2.4 3.1 2.9 4.0 4.8
Max Bankfull Depth ft 4.3 4.3 5.1 5.9 6.1
Width / Depth Ratio 10.5 5.2 10.3 8.1 5.4
Width Flood prone Area (ft) 110 100 120 100 120
Bankfull Area ft 61.5 65.0 87.0 132.1 126.7
Entrenchment Ratio 4.3 6.3 4.0 3.1 4.6
Bank Hei ht Ratio 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2
Average Slope ft/ft 0.0028 0.0017 0.0027 0.0008 -0.0003
Sinuosity K 1.39 1.15 1.08 1.14 1.71
Ros en Stream Type Degraded E4 Degraded E4 ?D_eqLaded E4 Degraded E4 Degraded E4
3.4.2 Channel Evolution Stage
Historically, on-site reaches may have been characterized as E4 streams. E-type streams are
characterized as slightly entrenched, riffle-pool channels with high sinuosity (stream length/valley
length) greater than a 1.5 ratio. E-type channels are typically considered a stable stream form.
However, these streams are sensitive to disturbance, especially in low cohesive soils, and may
rapidly degrade to unstable G and F-type channels.
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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
To better understand the existing condition of the project stream, qualitative stability assessments
of distinct stream sections were developed based upon measured stream dimensional
characteristics (i.e., entrenchment ratio, bank height ratio) and visual observations utilizing the
Pfankuch Channel Stability and Rosgen Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) methodologies. These
' evaluations confirm that both streams are in a poor state of stability and exhibit high potential for
continued bank erosion (See Appendix B).
The impacts associated with unrestricted cattle access to the stream and the absence of riparian
and bank vegetation are the most significant factors contributing to stream degradation on site.
Grazing of livestock near stable streams generally leads to channel adjustments including
increases in bank erosion, sediment supply, and width/depth ratio. On-site, hoof shear and a lack
of sufficient stabilizing vegetation have resulted in a high rate of bank erosion and collapse. This
bank instability has begun the process of incision, over-widening and straighting to varying
' degrees. The large amount of fine-grained particles contributed by the eroding banks is causing
excessive sediment accumulation and channel aggradation that only exacerbates the need for the
hydraulically inefficient channels to over-widen. This silt and sediment buildup appears to be the
main aquatic habitat-limiting factor as it clogs the substrate and creates conditions unsuitable to
' support diverse bivalve, benthic macroinvertebrate, and fish habitat.
It is important to consider this process of channel evolution where incision, widening and aggrading
' is occurring when evaluating the potential of the existing degraded channel to naturally stabilize
over time. Without intervention, it is expected that bank materials will continue to erode at an
accelerated rate - a process that is likely to be exacerbated by flow regime alterations that will
' occur in response to pending watershed development. The channels are expected to continue
degrading, causing the stream to migrate from a degraded E-type to an incised G-type or a further
overwidened F-type stream.
' 3.4.3 Stability Assessment

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The current "stream state or condition" (Rosgen 1996) was further analyzed using Rosgen Level III
methodologies to assess stability through an examination of parameters such as channel
dimension (W/DS;te compared with W/D,fe,,ce), vertical stability (Bank Height Ratio), lateral stability
(Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI)), and sediment supply/transport.
In the project reach, comparisons of the existing width-to-depth ratio values to the reference reach
width-to-depth ratio values vary slightly and bank height ratios in this section ranged from 1.0 to
1.3. However, Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) scores ranged from 39.2 to 39.8 indicating a
high potential for continued bank erosion and channel widening in the upper project reach.
Additionally, sediment supply is high from severely eroding banks. The existing channel also
exhibits long straightened reaches, lack of riffle-pool sequence, lack of pool depth and some
entrenchment holding above bankfull flows longer than in reference reach situation. Collectively,
these factors indicate both vertical and lateral instability through channel incision and widening,
respectively, in this portion of the project reach.
3.4.4 Bankfull Verification
The accepted methodology for natural channel design is based on the ability to select the
appropriate bankfull discharge and generate the corresponding bankfull hydraulic geometry from a
stable reference reach. Thus, the determination of bankfull stage is the most critical component of
the natural channel design process.

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
Observable bankfull stage indicators in North Carolina include the incipient point of flooding (top of
bank), upper breaks in bank slope, the back of the highest depositional feature (i.e. point bars and
benches), and the highest scour line. At the project reach, the most consistent field indicator of
bankfull stage proved to be a discernable change in bank slope aspect. Photographs of typical
bankfull indicators and related morphological features at the project site are provided in Figure 7:
Bankfull Indicators.
The identification of bankfull stage can be problematic, especially in a degraded system.
Therefore, verification measures must be taken to ensure the accurate identification of the bankfull
stage. The field indicated bankfull stage was verified using a combination of tools and data,
including regional hydraulic geometry relationships (regional curves) (Harmon et al 1999).
The bankfull cross-sectional areas for the project reach were consistent with the cross-sectional
area regressed power function lines from the regional curve; plotting within the 95% confidence
' limits (Figure 8: NC Rural Piedmont Regional Curve).
3.5 CONSTRAINTS
The presence of any constraints that have the potential to hinder restoration activities on the
project site were evaluated. This evaluation focused primarily on the presence of hazardous
' materials, utilities, restrictive easements, rare/threatened/endangered species or critical habitats,
cultural resources, and the potential for hydrologic trespass as well as any site conditions that have
the potential to restrict the restoration design and implementation.
i The restoration design was required to incorporate the presence of structural requirements
associated with the Lower Moncure Road Bridge over Wallace Branch. The 50-foot right-of-way,
which contains a subsurface water line, dictated limitations in stream planform adjustment and
riparian revegetation parameters.
No other conditions, natural or man-made, were identified as having the potential to impede the
' proposed restoration activities.
4.0 METHODOLOGY
1 Information and techniques on stream classification and morphology from Applied River
Morphology by Rosgen (1996) was used for classifying the stream and reference reaches.
For this restoration plan, the existing conditions of the stream and surrounding area were first
observed and recorded in order to understand what was occurring within the system. This
enabled the development of a plan that focuses on the restoration of the entire system.
Information was collected on existing conditions, reference conditions, and proposed conditions for
the stream and buffer restoration areas.
' 4.1 STREAM CLASSIFICATION
Information on stream morphology and classification from Applied River Morphology (Rosgen
' 1996) was used to evaluate and classify the stream. Several pieces of data are needed in order to
classify a stream including: width-to-depth ratio, entrenchment ratio, slope, sinuosity, and dominant
type of channel material. All five of the criteria are interrelated and used to determine the current
' condition of the channel, classify the stream, and aid in the design process.
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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
Width-to-depth ratio is the ratio of the bankfull width to the mean depth of the bankfull channel.
' The width-to-depth ratio indicates the channel's ability to dissipate energy and transport sediment.
The entrenchment ratio is the vertical containment of the stream and the degree to which the
channel is incised in the valley floor. The entrenchment ratio indicates if the stream is able to
' access its floodplain. The flood-prone width divided by the bankfull width yields the entrenchment
ratio. The slope is the change in water surface elevation per unit of stream length. The slope can
be analyzed over the entire reach, to determine if the slope is stable within the existing channel
material, or over sections, to determine the condition of pools and riffles. Sinuosity is the ratio of
stream length to valley length. Extremely low sinuosity channels in the piedmont of North Carolina
typically indicate a straightened channel. Channel bed and bank materials indicate the channel's
' resistance to hydraulic stress and ability to transport sediment (Rosgen 1996).
Elevation measurements for the longitudinal profile survey as well as pool and riffle cross-sections
included, but were not limited to:
¦ thalweg, ¦ top of low bank,
¦ edge of water, ¦ terrace,
¦ water surface, ¦ width (bankfull, top of channel, flow)
' bankfull, ¦ depth (mean, bankfull, max).
Measurements were also taken for the following:
• bank slope, ¦ straight length,
¦ width of flood prone area, ¦ pool-to-pool spacing,
¦ belt width, ¦ bankfull area,
' ¦ valley length, ¦ composition of channel materials.
These items helped to classify the stream and are used in the design process. Once the
' measurements were known, a design was proposed based on the geomorphic processes
occurring with the channel. The survey also identified design constraints of the site (e.g.,
roadways, culverts, and bridges).
4.2 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSIS
The stream's ability to transport the sediment load without aggrading or degrading is the
threshold of the stream's stability. This stability is evaluated through an evaluation of channel
competency. Competency is the channel's ability to move particles of a certain size, expressed
as units of Ibs/ft2.
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Shear stress is the force required to initiate the general movement of particles in a streambed.
This entrainment of particles must have the ability to move the largest particle from the bar
sample (D;) to prevent aggradation of particles. In order to move the D; particle, the stream
design must meet a critical depth and slope. The shear stress analysis indicates whether a
stream has the ability to move its bedload.
To validate this theory-based explanation, shear stress was calculated for the design riffle
cross-sections in both the upper and lower project reaches using the equation:
= yRs
Where:T = shear stress (Ibs/ft2)
y = specific gravity of water (62.4 Ibs/ft3)
R = hydraulic radius (ft)
s = average water slope (ft/ft)
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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
Lee County, North Carolina
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4.3 DISCHARGE ANALYSIS
' The methodology used to evaluate the hydrologic analysis required the evaluation of the
existing stream's bankfull discharge. The bankfull discharge was determined by evaluating the
' North Carolina Rural Piedmont Discharge Curve (Harman et al 1999).
4.4 FLOODING ANALYSIS
' Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System Version 3.01 (HEC-RAS) was used to
evaluate how the discharge flows within the proposed channel geometry. This evaluation
' verifies that the proposed plan, dimension, and profile would adequately carry the discharge at
the bankfull stage, the point where water begins to overflow onto the floodplain tUSACE 2001).
Given that the project involves modifications to a stream channel, it is important to analyze the
effect of the change on flood elevations. Floodwater elevations were analyzed using HEC-RAS.
HEC-RAS is a software package designed to perform one-dimensional, steady flow, analysis of
water surface profiles for a network of natural and constructed channels.
' HEC-RAS uses two equations, energy and/or momentum, depending upon the water surface
profile. The energy losses are evaluated by friction (Manning's equation) and
contraction/expansion (coefficient multiplied by the change in velocity head). The momentum
equation is used in situations where the water surface profile rapidly varies, such as hydraulic
jumps and stream junctions.
Backwater analysis was performed for the existing and proposed conditions for both bankfull
and 100-year discharges. In addition to steady flow data, geometric data are required to run
' HEC-RAS. Geometric data consists of establishing the connectivity of the river system, which
includes: cross-section data, reach lengths, energy loss coefficients (friction losses, contraction,
and expansion losses), and stream junction information.
' 4.5 BIOTIC SURVEY
A survey of the biotic community was conducted prior to restoration. The survey of the existing
reach included observation of aquatic species, terrestrial wildlife, and plant communities. The
post-construction stream survey will also include those items. This information assists with
development of the restoration plan and will provide evidence for measuring the successfulness
of the restoration project.
5.0 REFERENCE REACH ANALYSIS
A reference reach is a channel with a stable dimension, pattern, and profile within a particular
valley morphology. The reference reach is used to develop dimensionless morphological ratios
(based on bankfull stage) that can be extrapolated to disturbed/unstable streams to restore a
stream of the same type and disposition as the reference stream (Rosgen, 1998).
' The reference reach search encompassed the entire Triassic basin within North Carolina.
Finding stable streams with the correct sediment type, valley type and slope was difficult. The
search for an appropriate reference reach exhausted the Triassic basin and yielded only two
reference reaches within Anson County, North Carolina suitable for the restoration reach. The
' streams are referred to as UT to Reedy Creek Mainstem and UT to Reedy Creek Tributary.

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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
5.1 UT TO REEDY CREEK (MAINSTEM) REFERENCE REACH
A stable section of an unnamed tributary to Reedy Creek (mainstem), a second order stream
located in Anson County that flows south into Reedy Creek, was selected as a reference reach
for the project (Figure 9: Reference Reach Location Map). Approximately 232 linear feet (15
bankfull widths) of the unnamed tributary to Reedy Creek were surveyed in February 2005. The
selection of this reach was based on its location in the same hydrophysiographic province,
similar watershed position and land use, and similar sediment regime as the project site.
Likewise, the valley slope (0.6 % compared to 0.8 %) and sediment distribution (d50 of 5 mm
compared to 4 mm) of the reference site are very similar to that of the project site.
The unnamed tributary to Reedy Creek reference reach was classified as a E4 stream type.
Collected morphological data as well as representative photographs of the reference site are
provided in Appendix C and Appendix D. The measured morphological variables and
dimensionless hydraulic geometry relationships developed to facilitate the restoration design are
provided in Section 6: Stream Restoration Design.
5.2 UT TO REEDY CREEK (TRIBUTARY) REFERENCE REACH
In addition to the aforementioned reference reach, a tributary (UT to Reedy Creek Tributary) to
that reference reach was also surveyed and evaluated as supporting data for the stream design
in February 2005. Approximately 109 linear feet (16 bankfull widths) of the tributary was
surveyed. The selection of this reach was based on its location as a contributing tributary with
similar watershed position, land use, similar sediment regime, valley slope (0.6 % compared to
0.9 %) and sediment distribution (d50 of 1.1 mm compared to 4 mm) to that of the project site.
' The tributary reference reach was classified as an E5 stream type. Collected morphological
data as well as representative photographs of the reference site are provided in Appendix C and
Appendix D. The measured morphological variables and dimensionless hydraulic geometry
' relationships developed to facilitate the restoration design are provided in Section 6: Stream
Restoration Design.
6.0 STREAM RESTORATION DESIGN
6.1 PROPOSED CONDITIONS FOR NATURAL CHANNEL DESIGN
' The restoration design of Wallace Branch and Lick Creek is based on a Priority Level 1
approach, as described in "A Geomorphological Approach to Restoration of Incised Rivers",
(Rosgen, 1997). For clarity and convenience, the definition of Priority 1 Restoration is provided
in Table 2.
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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
Table 2. Priority 1 Level Restoration.
Lee Countv. North Carolina
Description Methods Advantages
Convert G, F and Re-establish channel on previous floodplain Re-establishment of floodplain and
degraded E/C using relic channel or construction of new stable channel:
stream types to C bankfull discharge channel. ¦ reduces bank height and
or E stream types streambank erosion,
at previous Design of stable dimension, pattern, and profile ¦ reduces land loss,
elevation with based upon morphological criteria developed ¦ raises water table,
floodplain. from reference reach with similar watershed, ¦ reconnects stream to floodplain
valley, land use, and sediment supply. providing flood attenuation
¦ decreases sediment,
Fill in existing incised channel or create ¦ improves aquatic and terrestrial
discontinuous oxbow lakes level with new habitats,
floodplain elevation. ¦ improves land productivity, and
¦ improves aesthetics.
Adapted from Rosgen (1997), A Geomorphological Approach to Restoration of Incised Rivers".
The design proposes constructing 9,500 linear feet of meandering channel. Based upon
existing stream and valley characteristics, a Priority Level 1 restoration approach, as generally
defined in Table 2, will be used to restore stable "E4" stream channels. The restoration will
establish a bankfull channel with a native floodplain at bankfull elevation and the dimension
necessary to provide stable flow maintenance and sediment transport. The design bankfull
stage will equal the floodplain elevation in the new channel (bank height ratio = 1.0). The
proposed stream dimension, pattern, and profile will be based on the detailed morphological
criteria and hydraulic geometry relationships developed from the reference reach stream, see
Table 3. The establishment of a stable bedform (i.e., riffle-pool sequence, pool spacing) will be
addressed in the profiling of the design channel. Refer to Figures 10 and 11A-F for the
proposed channel dimension, pattern and profile.
In-stream structures such as cross-vanes, j-hook vanes, rock vanes, root wads, etc. (Figure 12:
Details: Typical Instream Structures) will be incorporated in the stream design to reduce the
burden of energy dissipation on the channel geometry. These structures are designed to
reduce bank erosion and the influence of secondary circulation in the near-bank region of
stream bends. The structures further promote efficient sediment transport and
produce/enhance in-stream habitat. Cross-vanes will serve as grade control in the restored
channel. Biodegradable coir fiber matting will be used to provide temporary stabilization on the
newly graded streambanks as well as planting of temporary seed mixtures. The confluence of
tributaries with the restored stream will be stabilized with grade control structures and step
sequences where necessary to match the proposed grade of the restored main channel.
Excavated materials from the design channel will be used to backfill the abandoned channel
sections. However, shallow linear depressions (oxbows) within the existing channel belt width
may be incorporated to provide additional flood storage and valuable aquatic habitat in the
floodplain.
Cattle exclusion fencing will be installed along the outer boundary of the restored riparian buffer
/ permanent conservation easement area. This will prevent continued bank erosion and
collapses caused by hoof shear as well as eliminate cattle excrement and resulting fecal
coliform loading. A limited number of stabilized, rock ford stream crossings will be installed to
provide cattle access to isolated pasture areas. These crossing points will be fenced on both
sides, utilizing standard NRCS water gate designs, to prevent cattle from further accessing the
stream and riparian buffers.
12

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
6.1.1 Proposed Channel Description and Stream Classification
The proposed channel is a stable E4 channel. As previously discussed, the existing channel
contains minimal pattern, profile, or dimension variation. The proposed pattern utilizes a few
places where the channel has adequate meandering pattern and enhances the pattern in areas
that have been over straightened. The proposed pattern will be further enhanced by a more
effective profile form. Riffles, runs, pools, and glides will oscillate with the meanders providing
energy dissipation. Furthermore, the dimension will alter from a typical riffle through the run into
the pool cross section and again from the pool through the glide into the riffle cross section.
The channel will be able to access the floodplain more efficiently in the proposed design to
reduce stress from the streambanks. E4 channels with appropriate dimension, pattern, and
profile form as well as the ability to access the floodplain are efficient and stable channels.
6.1.2 Sediment Transport
The proposed design's stability has been evaluated through the analysis of shear stress since
the stream's ability to transport the sediment load without aggrading or degrading is the
threshold of the stream's stability. The d50 for the stream is four millimeters, thus the allowable
shear stress is in the 0.04 - 0.07 Ibs/ft2 range. Each reach of the proposed design falls within
this range. Reach A will require several grade control structures (four drops at 0.5 ft each) to
decrease the riffle slopes into a suitable shear stress.
6.1.3 Flood Analysis
' HEC-RAS has been utilized to verify the proposed design flows within the proposed geometry
and above bankfull flows access the floodplain. This evaluation verifies that the proposed
pattern, dimension, and profile would adequately carry the discharge at the bankfull stage.
Since the proposed plan modifies the existing stream channel, and both Lick Creek and Wallace
Branch are FEMA regulated, it is important to analyze the effect of the change on flood
elevations. Floodwater elevations were analyzed using HEC-RAS. The proposed design is
considered a "no-rise".

1

1
6.1.4 Structures Used for Natural Channel Design
A number of different structures and methods will be used to control grade and stabilize the
channel. These structures and methods may include, but are not limited to: rock cross-vanes,
rock vanes, log-vanes, j-hook vanes, root wads, floodplain interceptors, matting, and planting
materials. These structures provide grade control and bank stabilization; such that the proper
dimension, pattern, and profile are maintained while providing various habitats for aquatic
organisms. The structures provide a substrate for benthic macroinvertebrates to feed on, hide
under, and attach. They also provide shelter and create eddies for fish to rest and feed near.
The majority of the materials for the structures will come from off site. Diagrams of these
structures are located in Figure 12 (Details: Typical Structures).
Rock cross-vanes, rock vanes, and j-hook vanes will be utilized to direct the flow away from the
bank and toward the center of the channel. Rootwads will be used for bank stabilization and to
introduce woody material into the channel. Without this introduction it would be many years
before the planted saplings would be able to provide the stream with this habitat feature.
13

0

0
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
Lee Countv. North Carolina
Rock Cross-Vanes - Rock cross-vanes direct the flow away from the streambanks into the
middle of the channel. The structure creates a scour pool below, while maintaining the grade
for the upstream reach. These structures will also provide a stable drop in the stream profile.
Boulders are used to build these structures and filter fabric and smaller rock will be used to
further strengthen it by solidifying gaps between the boulders.
Rock Vanes - The rock vane directs the flow away from the stream bank and into the center of
the channel. The rock vane structure creates a scour pool immediately downstream which
provides a habitat feature. Boulders are used to build these structures and will be used on the
outside meander bend.
J-Hook Vanes - J-Hook Vanes are built with boulders and placed in the stream to direct flow
away from the streambanks. The structure has the appearance of a "J" since it consists of one
rock vane with boulders placed in the center of the channel curving back around to form a hook.
In addition to the vanes scour pool, the openings between the extra boulders create a variety of
flow patterns. Fish often hold in the calm water behind the boulders to catch food flowing flow
patterns around the bounders.
Rootwads - Rootwads will be utilized for streambank protection, habitat for fish, habitat for
terrestrial insects, cover and introduction of woody material into the stream. Rootwads act as a
deflection device to the stream's flow. The roots buffer the streambank and aid in deflecting the
1 stream's erosive forces away from the streambank.
Floodplain Interceptor - Floodplain interceptors will provide water on the floodplain with a
' stabilized access point to flow back into the channel. The floodplain interceptors shall be placed
in low swale type areas on the floodplain where floodwater is expected to re-enter the stream
channel.

E

7

Matting and Planting - Matting, live staking, and vegetation planting will be utilized to stabilize
the project. Matting will provide immediate protection to the streambanks while the plantings
develop a root mass and aid in protecting against shear stress. Vegetation transplanting may
be used. The plantings will develop into mature trees that will be capable of providing the
stream with shade and wildlife habitat. The streambed and point bars of the stream channel will
not be matted or planted. The detailed planting plan is discussed in Section 7.2.
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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
1

I

17
H

H

Lee Countv. North Carolina
7.0 RIPARIAN BUFFER RESTORATION DESIGN
Re-establishing a riparian buffer greater than 50 feet in width composed of native woody and
herbaceous species is to critical to the success of a stream restoration design. The riparian buffer
design consists of 1) acquisition of available plant species, 2) implementation of proposed site
preparation including eradicating exotic species, and 3) planting the selected species.
7.1 ERADICATION OF EXOTIC SPECIES
Prior to the re-vegetation phase of the project, non-native floral species must be removed. Exotic
species currently identified within the project area include Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and
Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). Invasive species eradication and management will
begin during the site preparation stage and continue through the 5-year monitoring period at a
minimum. Management procedures described below are based upon recommendations taken
from the Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual.
Personnel performing herbicide application will have a commercial license as required by the North
Carolina Pesticide Board and all work will comply with the North Carolina Pesticide Law of 1971
and applicable federal laws. Environmental conditions including weather, wind, temperature and
period of the growing season will be evaluated prior to initiation of management efforts. The
sequence of removal procedures will be coordinated with planned seeding and planting tasks.
The first step in removal will consist of an application of Rodeo® or equal herbicide (glyphosate -
aquatic label) designated as suitable for extermination of trees and shrubs in riparian and wetland
areas. Application will occur late in the growing season but before dormancy. Ambient air
temperature at the time of application will be above 40° F. The herbicide will be applied at the
maximum recommended rate in accordance with label instructions. This application will be
completed a minimum of two weeks prior to construction activities. The herbicide will be applied by
spraying on all identified invasive plants and will be conducted in such a way as to prevent drift into
adjacent areas.
Two weeks after spraying, all woody vegetation will be removed by cutting stems and stumps to a
maximum height of two inches above ground. A 25% glyphosate herbicide solution shall
subsequently be applied to completely cover the cut surface of each individual stem or stump.
After an additional two-week period, woody remnants will be grubbed out, separated from the soil
and burned on site.
The site shall be scrutinized throughout the monitoring period to evaluate invasive management
effectiveness. If required, additional control steps will be implemented.
7.2 PLANTING PLAN
Native woody and herbaceous species will be used to establish a minimum fifty (50) foot wide
riparian buffer on both sides of the restored reach. In some areas the buffer will extend beyond 50
feet as the riparian buffer plantings will encompass the entire conservation easement. The stream
design will take into account the necessary 50 foot buffer and top of bank will be no closer than 50
feet from the edge of the easement. The buffer area adjacent to the stream reach was divided up
into four (4) different zones as follows:
¦ Streamside,
¦ Lower Floodplain,
16

L
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
¦ Upland Slope, and
¦ Pocket Wetlands.
Lee County, North Carolina
Species selected for planting will be dependent upon availability of local seedling sources, but may
consist of those listed below. Advance notification/coordination with local nurseries (1 year) will
facilitate availability of various non-commercial elements.
The proposed plantings will cover the constructed streambanks, floodplain, and constructed
wetland areas. Throughout the majority of the site, the target natural community will be a
Piedmont/Mountain Bottomland Forest. Where the project area encompasses portions of upland
slopes adjacent to the floodplain areas, limited to a minor area on the southern bank of Wallace
Creek upstream of the Lower Moncure Road crossing, the target community will be a Mixed Mesic
Hardwood Forest.
In some areas, remnants of the target natural communities currently exist with mature individuals of
the desired species. As much as possible in these areas, the zone of construction activity will be
limited to lessen damage to individual stems. Maintaining existing trees in place with intact root
masses will contribute to post-construction slope soil and stream bank retention. Areas with
existing tree canopy will receive primarily herbaceous and shrub plantings.
Where opportunities exist to transplant existing trees for re-vegetation, those individuals will be
' moved to new positions along the constructed stream section. Individuals considered candidates
for transplanting should not be larger than 1.5 inches in diameter at breast height (dbh).

Bare-root seedlings will be planted within the specified areas at a density of 436 stems per acre
(based on an average 10' x 10' spacing) to achieve a mature survivability of 320 trees per acre in
the riparian zone (DENR, 2001). To provide structural diversity, native shrubs will also be
incorporated in the buffers at a density of 681 stems per acre. Shrubs will typically be installed in
small groupings of 2 to 3 individuals with overall placement of both the individual stems and the
groupings to be randomized in order to develop a more naturalized appearance in the buffer
zones.
On the restored stream banks (Streamside Zone), live stakes and/or bare root seedlings will be
used in conjunction with the native herbaceous seed mix to provide natural stabilization.
Appropriate species identified for live staking include elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), silky
willow (Salix sericea), silky dogwood (Corpus amomum), and black willow (Salix nigra). Live
stakes or seedlings will be placed on the outside of meander bends at a density of 2-4 stakes per
square yard and in random fashion to give a natural appearance. Woody vegetation planting will
be conducted during dormancy. Plant placement will be further defined during the design process.
Herbaceous vegetation within the buffer shall consist of a native grass mix that may include: big
bluestem (Andropogon gerardil), purple love grass (Eragrostis spectabilis), deertongue (Panicum
clandestinum), Eastern gama grass (Tripsacum dactyloides), river oats (Chasmanthium latifolium),
and Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus). In addition, rye grain (Secale cereale) or pearl millet
(Pennisetum glaucum) will be used for temporary stabilization, depending upon the construction
season and schedule. The following planting zones and species have been identified for the
project:
17
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11,

I

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
Potential Riparian Buffer Planting Lists tby Zone and plant type)
¦ Streamside:
Shrubs
Black willow (Salix nigra)
Elderberry(Sambucus canadensis)
Silky dogwood (Comus amomum)
Silky willow (Salix sericea)
¦ Floodplain:
Trees
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American elm (Ulmus americana)
Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
River birch (Betula nigra)
Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)
Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
Water oak (Quercus nigra)
Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Black walnut (Juglans nigra)
Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis)
Swamp Chestnut oak (Quercus michauxir)
¦ Upland Slope:
Trees
American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
American elm (Ulmus americana)
White ash (Fraxinus americana)
Biternut hickory (Carya cordiformis)
Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
White oak (Quercus alba)
Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
¦ Pocket Wetlands:
Shrubs
Alder (Alnus serrulata)
Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera)
American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana)
Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)
Herbs / Seed Mixture
Swamp sunflower (Helianthus angustifolius)
Ironweed (Vemonia noveboracensis)
Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incamata)
Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum)
Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)
Bushy beard grass (Andropogon glomeratus)
Deertongue (Panicum clandestimum)
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
Shrubs
Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
Tag alder (Alnus serrulata)
Virginia willow (ltea virginica)
Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)
Strawberry bush (Euonymus americans)
American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana)
Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius)
Waxmyrtle (Myrica cerifera)
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)
American hazelnut (Corylus americana)
Herbs / Seed Mixture
Swamp sunflower (Helianthus angustifolius)
Ironweed (Vemonia noveboracensis)
Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incamata)
Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum)
Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)
Bushy beard grass (Andropogon glomeratus)
Deertongue (Panicum clandestimum)
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
Soft rush (Juncus effusus)
Shrubs
Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea)
Redbud (Cercis canadensis)
Flowering dogwood (Comus florida)
Hazel-nut (Corylus americana)
Deciduous holly (Ilex decidua)
Coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus)
Southern arrow-wood (Viburnum dentatum)
Herbs
Lizards's tail (Saururus cemuus)
Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata)
Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia)
Rose mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)
Sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibifis)
Southern blue flag (Iris virginica)
Bulrush (Scirpus sp.)
8.0 WETLAND CREATION
Herbs / Seed Mixture
Big blue stem(Andropogon gerardfi)
Ironweed (Vemonia noveboracensis)
Joe-pye weed(Eupatorium fistulosum)
Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans)
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
Eastern gama grass (Tripsacum dactyloides)
8.1 POCKET WETLAND
Excavating shallow pools in the floodplain as well as using the existing agricultural ditches and
' areas of the relic channel after the new channel is constructed will be used to create pocket
wetlands. Benefits of pocket wetlands include providing added water quality benefits by treating
some of the stormwater runoff from the agricultural fields, floodwater retention and provide more
' diversity of habitat for insects, amphibians, and birds along the project reach. The wetland areas
may be planted with lizard's tail, pickerelweed, duck potato, rose mallow, sensitive fern, southern
blue flag iris, bulrush, and buttonbush.

18

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Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee Countv. North Carolina
9.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
The stream restoration monitoring protocol will follow that outlined within the EEP Site Specific
Mitigation Plan and detailed in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Stream Mitigation
Guidelines for Monitoring Level I. Monitoring shall consist of the collection and analysis of stream
stability and riparian/stream bank vegetation survivability data to support the evaluation of the
project in meeting established restoration objectives. Specifically, project monitoring will include
measurements of stream dimension/profile/pattern/bed materials, photo-documentation, vegetation
survivability sampling, and stream bankfull return interval.
9.1 DURATION
Monitoring shall be conducted annually for a minimul of five (5) years, or until success criteria are
met as required in the guidelines and called for in the contract agreements. The first scheduled
monitoring event will be conducted at the end of the first full growing season following project
construction and planting.
9.2 REPORTING
A monitoring report will be prepared after all monitoring tasks for each annual monitoring event are
completed. Each report will provide the new monitoring data and compare the new data against
previous findings. Data tables, cross sections, profiles, photographs and other graphics will be
included in the report as necessary. Each report will include a discussion of any significant
deviations from the as-built survey and previous annual measurements, as well as evaluations as
to whether the changes indicate a stabilizing or de-stabilizing condition.
Each annual monitoring report will be submitted by December 31 of the year during which the
monitoring event was conducted.
9.3 STREAM STABILITY
The purpose of monitoring is to evaluate the stability of the restored stream. Following the
procedures established in the USDA Forest Service Manual, Stream Channel Reference Sites
(Harrelson et.al 1994) and the methodologies utilized in the Rosgen stream assessment and
classification system (Rosgen 1994, 1996), data collected will consist of detailed dimension and
pattern measurements, a longitudinal profile, and bed materials sampling.
9.3.1 Dimension
Permanent cross-sections (1 per 20 bankfull-width lengths, evenly divided based upon riffle and
pool percentages), will be established and used to evaluate stream dimension. At least one riffle
and one pool cross-section will be located within the area also surveyed as part of the longitudinal
profile. Permanent monuments, recoverable either through field identification or use of GPS, will
be established at the left and right extents of each cross-section. The cross-section surveys shall
provide a detailed measurement of the stream and banks, to include points on the adjacent
floodplain, at the top of bank, bankfull, at all breaks in slope, the edge of water, and thalweg.
Subsequently, width/depth ratios, entrenchment ratios and bank height ratios will be calculated for
each cross-section.
Cross-section measurements should indicate little change from the as-built cross-sections. If
changes do occur, they will be evaluated to determine whether they are adjustments associated
19
' Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
Lee County, North Carolina
' with settling and increased stability or whether they indicate movement toward an unstable
condition.
' 9.3.2 Pattern
' Evaluations of stream pattern, based on valley type/stream type, will be developed based upon
measurements of sinuosity, meander width ratio, and radius of curvature (on newly constructed
meanders only for 1st year monitoring). Calculations will be made of sinuosity, meander width
' ratio, radius of curvature/bankfull width ratio, and meander length/bankfull width ratio.
Measurements and calculated values should indicate stability with little deviation from as-built
' conditions and established morphological ranges for the restored stream type.
9.3.3 Profile
' Three (3) longitudinal profiles, each covering 20 bankfull-width lengths, will be established and
surveyed. The first monitored longitudinal profile will cover a portion of the restored section of
Wallace Branch, upstream of its confluence with Lick Creek. The second monitored longitudinal
profile will cover a portion of the restored section of Lick Creek, upstream of its confluence with
Wallace Branch. The last monitored longitudinal profile will cover a portion of the restored section
of Lick Creek located between its confluence with Wallace Branch and the downstream project
limits. The beginning and ending points of each measured section will be permanently
monumented. Average, pool, and riffle slopes, as well as pool-to-pool spacing will be calculated.
' Annual measurements should indicate stable bedform features with little change from the as-built
survey. The pools should maintain their depth with flatter water surface slopes, while the riffles
should remain shallower and steeper..
9.3.4 Bed Materials
Pebble counts will be conducted at each cross-section, as well as across the overall study reach
' (based upon percentage of riffles and pools) for the purpose of classification and evaluation of
sediment transport. Pebble count data will be plotted by size distribution in order to assess the
D50 and D85 size class.
Calculated D50 and D85 values should indicate coarser size class distribution of bed materials in
riffles and finer size class distribution in pools.
9.4 PHOTOGRAPH REFERENCE POINTS
' Photograph reference points (PRPs) will be established to assist in characterizing the site and to
allow qualitative evaluation of the site conditions. The location of each photo point will be
permanently marked in the field and the bearing/orientation of the photograph will be documented
' to allow for consistent repetition.
9.4.1 Cross-section Photograph Reference Points
A photograph will be taken at each permanent cross section established. The photograph will be
taken from a point located upstream of the cross-section looking downstream, and will show as
much of the banks and channel as possible. The survey tape used for cross-sectional
1 measurements will be centered in each photograph and the water line will be located near the
20
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
' lower edge. An effort will be made to consistently photograph the same area in each subsequent
monitoring event.
' 9.4.2 Longitudinal Photograph Reference Points
A maximum of twenty (20) additional PRPs will be established along the restored stream to allow
further documentation and qualitative evaluation of the channel condition.
9.4.3 Additional Photograph Reference Points
Additional PRPs will be established, as needed, to allow documentation and qualitative evaluation
of the condition of specific in-stream structures such as cross vanes, J-hook vanes, and rootwads.
' 9.5 BANKFULL HYDROLOGY
' Monitored stream flow data will be used to evaluate the success of restoring the intended bankfull
return period. Four stream gauges will be used for monitoring flow stage within the restored
reaches: one each at the upstream limits of Lick Creek and Wallace Branch, one at the confluence
of the streams, and one at the downstream limits of Lick Creek within the site.
Monitored data and calculated return intervals should indicate the occurrence of a bankfull event
' during a minimum of two of the five monitored years.
9.6 VEGETATION MONITORING
The survivability of the riparian buffer plantings will be evaluated using a sufficient number of
randomly placed tenth-acre vegetative sampling plots to provide combined sample coverage of 2%
of the replanted area. The corners of each monitoring plot will be marked in the field and their
position documented by either conventional survey or GPS. The monitoring will consist of a
physical inventory within each plot and a subsequent statistical analysis in order to determine the
composition and number of surviving species and the total number of stems per acre. To the
' extent possible, differentiation between planted and volunteer stems will be accomplished. The
presence of non-native, exotic and undesirable species will be noted. Additionally, sequential
photographs will be taken from the center of each monitoring plot, starting at due north, to create a
360-degree view of the sample site.
Riparian vegetation monitoring shall be conducted for a minimum of five (5) years to make sure the
success criteria are met per USACE guidelines. If monitoring indicates either that the specified
survival rate is not being met or the development of detrimental conditions (i.e., invasive species,
diseased vegetation), appropriate corrective actions will be developed.

1 21
' Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
10.0 REFERENCES
' Griffith, G.E., Omernik, J.M., Comstock, J.A., Schafale, M.P., McNab, W.H., Lenat, D.R.,
MacPherson. 2002. Ecoregions of North Carolina (map scale 1:1,500,000). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Corvallis, Oregon.
' Harman, W.H. et al. 1999. Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry Relationships for North Carolina Streams.
AWRA Wildland Hydrology Symposium Proceedings. Edited By: D.S. Olsen and J.P. Potyondy.
' AWRA Summer Symposium. Bozeman, MT.
Harrelson, C.C., C.L. Rawlins, and J.P. Potyondy. 1994. Stream Channel Reference Sites. An
Illustrated Guide to Field Technique. General Technical Report RM-245. USDA Forest Service,
Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO.
North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCCGIA). 1996. Land Cover -
1996 Raster. Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat), NCCGIA distributes dataset. Rockville, MD.
NCDENR. 2001a. "Guide to Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Species of North
Carolina." Division of Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Available
URL: (http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/guide/87.pdf). Accessed March 15, 2005.
NCDENR. 2001b. "Guidelines for Riparian Buffer Restoration." Division of Water Quality,
Wetlands Restoration Program, Raleigh, NC. Available URL:
(http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/pdf/buffers.pdo. Accessed March 15, 2005.
' NCDENR. 2005. "North Carolina Waterbodies Reports." Division of Water Quality. Available URL:
(http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/bims/reports/basinsandwaterbodies). Accessed March 15, 2005.
NCDOT. 2005. "2004-2010 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)". Available URL:
(http://www.ncdot.org/planning/development/TlP/TIP/Trans/division8.htm). Accessed March 15,
2005.
' NCNHP. 2004. North Carolina Natural Heritage Database of Threatened, Rare and Endangered
Species of North Carolina.
Rosgen, D.L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena 22: 169-199.
Rosgen, D.L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology Books, Pagosa Springs, CO.
Rosgen, D.L. 1997. A Geomorphological Approach to Restoration of Incised Rivers. In: Wang,
S.S.Y., E.J. Langendoen, and F.D. Shields, Jr. {Eds.). Proceedings of the Conference on
t Management of Landscapes Disturbed by Channel Incision. pp. 12-22.
Rosgen, D.L. 1998. The Reference Reach - a Blueprint for Natural Channel Design. Presented
' at ASCE Conference, Denver, CO - June 1998.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
' Carolina, 3rd Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, NCDEHNR, Division of
Parks and Recreation. Raleigh, NC.
' 22
' Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, Nort h Carolina
' Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council (SE-EPPC). 2003. Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council
Invasive Plant Manual. Available URL: (http://www.invasive.org/eastern/eppc/). Accessed March
' 15, 2005.
Stimpson, Jerry V. 1989. Soil Survey for Lee County, North Carolina. United States Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1970 [Photorevised 1981]. Colon quadrangle, North Carolina
[map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Washington D.C.: USGS.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1974 [Photorevised 1981]. Sandford quadrangle, North Carolina
[map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Washington D.C.: USGS.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1977 {Photorevised 1981]. Broadway quadrangle, North
Carolina [map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Washington D.C.: USGS.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1993. Moncure quadrangle, North Carolina [map]. 1:24,000. 7.5
Minute Series. Washington D.C.: USGS.

23

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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A
Project Site Existing Conditions Photographs

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
Lee Countv. North Carolina
Appendix A - Lick Creek and Wallace Branch Photographs
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Photo 5 - Lick Creek Reach C
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Photo 2 - Lick Creek Reach E
Photo 3 - Lick
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Photo 4 - Lick Creek Reach D

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8 - Lick Creek Reach
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Photo 6 - Lick Creek Reach C
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
Appendix A - Lick Creek and Wallace Branch Photographs
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Wallace Branch Reach A
Lee County, North Carolina
Photo 10 -Wallace Branch Reach B
Photo 13 -Wallace Branch Reach B
Photo 12 -Wallace Branch Reach B
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
Lee Countv. North Carolina
Appendix A - Lick Creek and Wallace Branch Photographs
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Photo 18 - Wallace Branch Reach A

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APPENDIX B
Project Site Existing Conditions Data

Fasting Reach A
Wallace Branch, tributary to Uck Creek, Riffle
98
96
c 94
15 92
w 90
88
86
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Width
Bankfufl Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
61.5 x-section area (it 110.0 W flood prone area ft) - D50 (mm)
25.4 widlh(it) 4.3 entrenchment ratio - 084 (mm)
2.4 can depth (ft) 5.5 low bank heir$n (ft) 18 threshold grain sae (mm):
4.3 max depth (ft) 1.3 low bank heipht ratio
29.1 wetted perimeter (ft)
2.1 hvd red (ft)
10.5 width-depth ratio
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
- velocdv (Ns) - Manning's roughn 0.28 charutel slope (%1
- dischimis rate (cfs) - D'Mw-Weisbach trip. 0.37 shear stress (Mso.R)
- Froude number - resistance factor u/u• 0.44 shear velocity Mail
- relative rouphr- - unit strm power (IbM/s)
Wallace Branch, tributary to Lick Creek, Pool
98
96
...... .........
94 92
w 90
88
86
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Width
Bankfull Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
78.8 x-secdon area Mac.) 120.0 W Rood prone area (ft) - D50 (mm)
21.8 width (fl) 5.6 entrenchment ratio - D84 (mm)
3.6 mean depth (ft) 7.2 low bank height (ft) 25 threshold grain sae (mm):
5.7 max' epth (ft) 1.3 lo. bank height ratio
26.7 wetted perimeter (ft)
2.9 hvd radi (ft)
8.1 widtii-depth ratio
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
- vekxity (ftfs) - Mannirxj-ohneas 0.28 channel slope (%)
- discharge rat. (cis) - D'Ar Weisbach Bic. 0.50 shear stress (lb/sg.ft)
- Froude number - resistance factor u/u• 0.51 shear velocity Me)
- relative muphness - unit strm power (IbM/s)
Longitudinal Slope P
Wallace Branch, tributary to Lick Creek
-bed -+-water art +bankfull A x-section o riffle crest • pool ¦ run o glide x LTOB + RTOB -
97

95
F 94
93
° 92
a
91 --

0 50 100 150 200 250
Channel Distance (ft)
sloe % Slope ratio ten ft leretlo 00 0l edn ftratio
reach 0.28 - 233.8 (9.2 channel witllhs) - -
rMe 0.84 (0-2.7) 3 (0. Be) 11.2 (5-21.8) 0.4 (0.2-0.91 -
pool 0 (0.0.18) 0 (0-0.8) 15.9 (4.1-27.3) 0.8 (0.2-1.1) 42.0 (27-84.3) 1.7 (1.1-2.5)
run 0.98 (0.16-2.7) 3.5 (0.8-918) 11.2 (4.9-17.1) 0.4-(0.2-0.7) - •-
glide 0.6 (0.42-0.84) 2.1 (1.5-3) 10.5 (2.7-24) 0.4 (0.1-0.9) - -
t
Fldstiig Reach B
0+16 Wallace Brance,tribto Lick Creek, Riffle
100
98
a 96
R 94
m 92
W 90
88
86
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Width
Bankfull Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materia ls
65.0 -lion area (Rsa.) 100.0 W Rood prone area (ft) 4 D50 Channel (mm)
27.0 0 width (ft) 4.8 entrenchmeht ratio 11 084 Channel (mm)
3.7 can depth (ft) 5.1 low bank he'a't (ft) 14 threshold wain size (mm):
4.3 max depth (R) 12 low bank height ratio
24.9 wetted parameter (N
2.6 hvd rah (ft)
6.8 width-depth ratio
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
3.1 velocity (ft/.) 0.038 Mann'nds roughness 0.17 channel slope (%)
199.5 Csdiarae rate (c(s) 0.72 O'Mcv-Weisbach fric. 0.28 shear stress (Ib/sa.R)
0.33 Froude number 14.0 resistance factor Wu' 0.38 shear velocity (Ns)
85.8 relative roughness - unk strm oower (It
1 +79 Wallace Branco, trib to Lick Creek, Pool
98
96
c 94
w 90
88
86
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
With
Bankfu8 Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
75.9 x-secton area (RSO.) 110.0 W flood prone area (ft) 4 D50 Channel (mm)
20.2 width (ft) 5.4 entrenchment ratio it 1)84 Channel (mm)
3.8 can depth (R) 6.6 low bank hel9m (ft) 16 threshold wain size (mm):
4.9 mat depth (it) 1.3 low bank height ratio
24.7 wetted perimeter (ft)
3.1 hyd radi (R)
5.4 width-depth ratio
Bankfu8 Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
3.4 vebdty(N.) 0.038 Mannine's roughness 0.17 channel slope (%)
259.6 disdharae rate (cfs) 0.12 D'/4cy-Weasbsch Ric. 0.33 show stress (Ibtso.R)
0.34 Frouds number 14.4 ressterhu factor uh 0.41 shear velodly (Ns)
104.0 relative roughness - un8 strm Power (Ibrft/s)
Wallace Branca, fib to Lick Creek
- bed -'-water srf -*-bankfull o x-secton 0 rifle crest • pool ¦ run n glide x RTOB + LTOB
98
96
94
92
88
86
84
0 W 100 150 200 250
Channel Distance (it)
sloe % sloe ratio Ian R Ia n ratio ooh oohs acin (ft) p-p ratio
reach 0.17 250.0 01.9 channel widths)
- -
riffle 1.9 (0-4.8) 11.2 (0.27.1) 8.9 (7.1.11.7) 0.4 (0.3-0.6) -
pool 1.9 (0-6.9) 112 (0-40.6) 26.2 (16.5-39) 1.2 (0.8-1.9) 42.3 (33.9-59.3) 2 (1.6-2.8)
3 (1.3-4.3) 17.6 (7.6-25.3) 9.2 (7.6.12.4) - 0.4 (0.4-0.6) - -

77 - 1
00
1790
Glade 0 (0-0.15) 0 (0-0.9) 11.7 (6.8-16.5) 0.6 (0.3-0.8) - -
t
t
EAsting Reach C
0+93.5 tick Creek, Pool
104
102
100
° 98
m 96
w 94
92
90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Width
Bankfufl Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
40.3 x-section area (ftso.) 100.0 W Rood prone area (ft) 4 D50 Riffle (mm)
16.2 width (ft) 6.2 entrenchment ratio 17 D64 Rime (mm)
2.5 can depth (ft) 4.8 low bank heipM (ft) 18 threshold pram sae (mm):
4.8 max depth (R) 1.0 low bank heipM ratio
21.3 wetted parmeter(it)
1.9 hvd radi (ft)
6.5 width-depth ratio
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces 8 Power
5.0 velocity (ftfs) 0.024 Manninps roughness 0.27 channel slope (%)
203.1 discharge rate We) 0.05 D'ArcV-Weisbach X, 0.32 shear stress (rb/so.fQ
0.65 Froude number 12.4 resistance factor ufu' 0.41 shear velocity (ills)
44.6 relative roughness - unit= power (IbMs)
Cross Section
1+29 Lick Creek Riffle
104
102
100
c 98
96
w
94
92
90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Width
Bankfull Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materia ls
87.0 xsection area (ftsg.) 1200 .W Rood prone area (ft) 4 D50 RBfle (mm)
29.9 width (ft) 4.0 entrenchment ratio 17 D84 RiMe (mm)
2.9 mean depth (ft) 5.3 low bank heipM (ft) 20 threshold grain size (mm):
5.1 max depth (ft) 1.0 low bank helpht ratio
35.6 wetted Perimeter (ft)
2.4 hvd redi (ft)
10.3 width-depth ratio
Bankfufl Flow Flow Resistance Forces 8 Power
0.4 velocity (Rfs) 0.380 Manning's roughness 0.27 channel slope (%)
32.1 discharge rate tots) 12.44 D'Arcv-Weisbach fic. 0.41 shear stress (,bt q.ft)
0.04 Froude number 12.9 resistance factor Wu' 0.46 shear velocHV (ftfs)
52.1 relative roughness - unRStrm power (IbMs)
Lick Creek

7 -bed-watersr1-0-bankfull a x-section 0 rif8ecrest • pool • run a glide X RTOB + LTOB

97 . . .
95
e 94
93

03 92

-A___ .. A
93.5 129.0
89
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Channel Distance (ft)
slope (%1 I.P. sratio a gtlh (ft) lengthrata pool-pool specing (it) rat.
reach 0.27 - 190.9 (8.4 channel widths) - - -
riffle OVA
-1
12 (1.88.6) 0.2 (0.1-0.6) - -
Pool 0 (0-0.54) 0 (0-2) 10.2 (1.5
-17.1) 0.3 (0.1-0.6) 21.5 (5.39989999999998 0.7 (0.2-1.3)
run 4.2 (0.18) 15.6 (0-68.7) 3.0 (0.8-8) 0.1 (0.0.2) - -
glide MA - 3.7 (43.10.7) 0.1 (--0.4) - -

Basdrq Reach D
Lick Creek, Riffle
100
98
96
0 94 ..:............
92
90
w
88
86
84
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Width
Bankfull Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
132.1 x-secdon area Mae.) 100.0 W flood prone area (ft) - D50 (mm)
32.6 width (it) 3.1 entrenhmemratio - DIM (mm)
4.0 mean depth (ft) 6.7 low bank height (fl) 1 threshold grain size (mm):
5.9 max depth (fl) 1.1 low bank he Art ratio
37.4 wetted parimeter(it)
35 hvd red (it)
8.1 width-depth ratio
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
0.9 velocity (Ns) 0.038 Mennnp's-ahn ss 0.01 channelslope(%)
120.1 discharge rate (cfs) 0.11 D'/4cv-Weisbechz. 0.02 shear stress (lb/sq.ft)
0.09 Froude number -
M-fact-fu 0.11 shear velociy (Ns)
=
- tive roughness - unit strm power (IbMs)
Lick Creek. Pool
100
98
96
94
0
92
w 90
88
86
84

0 20 40 60
Width
Bankfufl Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
147.5 xsection area (ftsq.) 120.0 W flood Prone area (fl) - D50 (mm)
25.7 width (9) 4.7 entrenchment redo - D84 (mm)
5.7 mean depth (fl) 8.5 low bank helpht (fl) 4 threshold grain size (mm):
7.4 max depth (fl) 1.2 low bank height ratio
32.7 wetted Park"tar (ft)
4.5 h d redi (fl)
4.5 dh-0eph relic
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
1.9 velocity (Ns) 0.038 Meminp's roughness 0.03 channel slope (%)
273.1 discharge rate Will 0.10 D'7vq-Waisbech Eric. 0.08 shear stress (Ib/sq.%)
0.15 Froude number - resistance factor u/u' 0.21 shear velocity (NS)
- relative roughness - unk strm Power (0,M)
Longitudinal Slope P
-
Lick Creek
-

98 gybed- mtersrfl-bankfull A x-section o riillecrest • pool ¦ tun C glide x LTOB + RTOB

96
^ gb
a:
c 92
>
90
U.1 88

86
84

0 w 100 150 200 250 300
Channel Distance (ft)
skxre (%1 slope ratio lemh (m length ratio 00 00l aan ft ratio
reach 0.08 252.4 (7.7 channel wldhs) - -

L rime 0.082 (0.032-0.093) 0.8 (0.4.1.2) 31.7 (30.9.32.41 1 (0.9.1)
Pool 0.028 (0-0.055) 0.4 (0-0.7) 36.7 (38.2-37.1) 1.1 (1.1.1.1) 93.0 (79.1-106.8) 2.8 (2.4-3.3)
run 0.39 (0.073-0.84) 4.9 (0.9-10.5) 18.9 (9.5-27.3) 0.8 (0.3-0.81 - -
.Ad. 0 (0-0.13) 0 (0-1.8) 18.0 (11.5-23.1) 0.5 (0.4-0.7) - -
80 100 120
i
Etdstig Reach E
1+25 Lick Creek, Pool
102
100
98
96
94
92
w
90
88
FE?
86
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Width
Bankrull Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
137.7 -ction area(ftsq.) 100.0 W flood prone area(ft) - D50 (mm)
26.0 width (ft) 3.8 entrenchmmn ratio - D84 (mm)
5.3 mean depth (ft) 7.6 low bank height (ft) 4 threshold grain sae (mm):
6.6 max depth (ft) 1.2 low bank helpht ratio
30.6 wetted perimeter( ft)
4.5 hvd radi (ft)
4.9 width-depth ratio -
Bankhdl Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
- velocity (Pos) - Manning'. roughness 0.029 channel slope (%1
- discharge rate(cfs) - D'Ar Weisbach iris. 0.08 shear stress(IWsq.ft.)
- Froude number - resistance (actor ulu' 0.20 shearvelociN (Pos)
- relative rouphnew - unit sbm power (Ib/ft/s)
0+48.6 Lick Creek, Riffle
102
100
98
96
94
0
w 92
90
88
86

0 5 1 0 15 20 25 30
Width
Bankfull Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
126.7 x section area (ftaq.) 120.0 W flood prone area (ft) - D50 (mm)
26.1 width (M 4.6 entrenchment ratio - D84 (mm)
4.8 mean depth (ft) 7.1 low bank height (ft) 3 threshold grain size (mm):
6.1 max depth (ft) 1.2 low bank height ratio
32.6 wetted Perimeter M)
3.9 hvd red (ft)
5.4 width-depth ratio
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
1.3 velocity (Poe) 0.048 Maming's roughness 0.029 channel slope (%)
162.2 d'scharpe rate (cis) 0.18 D'Ar Weisbach trio. 0.07 shear stress (Ib/sq.ft)
0.11 Froude number - resistance factor u/u• 0.19 sheer v.IodN(ftls)
- relative roughness - Wilt sbm Power (bits)
Lick Creek
gybed -water art -•- bankfull G x-section o rif0ecrest • pool ¦ run n glide x LTOB + RTOB -
-
98

96
94

0 92
i 90
w 88

86
84

0 50 100 150 200 250
Channel Distance (ft)
slope M slope ratio length (ft) length ratio 00 M) p-p ratio
reach 0.029 242.0 (8.3 chervhel wilts) - -
riffle -0.053 (0-0.79) -1.8 (0.27.2) 10.3 (3.7-17.8) 0.4 (0.1 -0.7) -
Pool 0.38 (02)
- 12.4 (0-69) 17.4 (7.4-30.81 0.7 (0.3-1.2) 39.4 (11.1-79.7) 1.5 (0.4-3)
run 0.18 (0
-0.43) 5.5 (0-14.8) 13.1 (7-21.5) 0.5 (0.3.0.8) - -
plide 1 (0.0.76) 0 (0-28.2) 12.4 (4.7-23) 0.5 (0.2-0.9) - -

--- - --
46.6 125.0 I
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APPENDIX C
Reference Reach Photographs

Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan
f Appendix C - Reference Reach Photographs

Photo 1 - UT To Reedy Creek Mainstem Channel

V
Lee Countv, North Carolina
1 L ?
Photo 7 - UT To Reedy Creek Mainstem
Photo
To Reedy Creek Mainstem Channel

Photo 2 - UT To Reedy Creek Mainstem Channel
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Plan Lee County, North Carolina
Appendix C - Reference Reach Photographs

z:
Photo 13 - UT To Reedy Creek Tributary Channel
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Phot) 9 - UT To Reedy Creek Tributary Channel
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c .-
Channel

Photo 15 - UT To Reedy
Phcto 10 - UT To Reedy Creek Tributary Channel
Photo 14 - UT To Reedy Creek Tributary Channel
Photo 16 - UT To Reedy Creek Tributary Floodplain

I
r

C

APPENDIX D
Reference Reach Data

Reference Reach #t
1 -498 UT to Reedy Fork Reference Reach #1 , Riffle
a 9J
94
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Width
Bankfill Dimensions Flood Dimensions Matenals
22.' -section area (fl. so.) 100.0 W flood Drone area (ft)
4.9
050 Bed (mm)
15..' wdth(ft) 66 entrenchment ratio 10 D84 Bed (mm)
1.! -an depth (ft) 22 low bank heiahl I'll 23 threshold grain sae (mm)-.
2.: ak depth (fl) 1 0 low bank height ratio
16 1 wetted parameter (fl)
1.r hrd rad, (R)
10 ? vndth-depth rab.
Banktull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
1.' velocity INS) 0092 Manning ouahness 055 channel slope (%1
33 7 discharge rate (cfs) 0.88 D'Afcv-Wesbach fric. 0.47 shear stress (Ib/so.ft)
0.22 Froude number 126 esistance factor Wu- 0.49 shear veloc4v (Ns)
45.5 relative rouohness - -, strm power (Ib/Ns)
1 -276 UT to Reedy Fork Rarerence Reach #1 Pool
98
97
96
0 95
e 94
w
93
92
91
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Width
11-1,11 11-enslons Flood Dimension Matenal s
31.3 as-n area (ft.sa.l 120 0 W Rood Prone area (ft) 4.9 D50 Bed (mm)
1 3 6 moth (ft) 7.2 entrenchment ratio 10 D84 Bed (mm)
' E -nean depth IR) 3.3 low bank heioht (ft) 26 threshoid organ sae (mm)'.
ax depth (In 1 0 low bank height rat.
2) ?. .vetted P rnmeter (ft)
?A ad, (ft)
Mdth-depth ratio
Barkfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces 8 Power
6 velocM (NS) 0.092 Man m's roughness 0.55 channel slope M
48.0 d-harce rate (cfs) 0.86 D'Arw-Wembach fric. 0.52 shear stress (lb/sq. R.)
C 23 Froude number 13.0 esistarKe factor Wu' 0.52 shear velocity (Ns)
55.2 relatrve -hness - -rt strm power (IbM/s)
97
96
95
= 94
> 93
w
92
91
90
UT to Reedy Fork Reference Reach #1
?d -water sd t bankfull 4 x section riffle crest 0 pool ¦ W glide x RTOB - LTOB er berm,
0 50 100 150 200 250
Channel Distance (ft)
sloe b sloe ratio len ft le ntith ratio ool- pool spac'ng ft ratio
reach 0.55 - 232.0 05.3 channel widths) - - --
nMe 0.6 (022-1.11 1.1 (0.4-21 21.5 (4,5-41.1) 1.4 (0.3-27) - -
pool 2.2 10.12-1t) 4 (0.2-20) 136 (8.1-22) 0.9 (0.5-14) 402 (15.7-67.9) 2.6 (1-4.51
1.2 2.2 4.1 0.3 - -
alide 0 (0-0.42) 0 (0-08) 4.2 (3.1-4.81 0.3 (0.2-03) - --
Reference Reach k2
Cross Section
1 -9 UT to Reedy Fork Reference Reach f12, Rifle
97.5
97
96.5
96
0 95.5
95
w 94.5 - - - --
94
93.5 - - - -
93
92.5
0 5 10 15 20 25
Width
Bankfull Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materials
70 x-section area IRsq.1 100.0 W flood Drone area M; 1.1 050 Bed (mm)
6.9 vnc,h(ft) 74.5 entrenchment rato 6.8 D84 Bed fmm)
1 0 an depth (fl) 1 6 low bank height (R) 24 threshold or.,, size (mm)'.
i 6 max depth ft 1.0 low bank height ratio
7 9 wetted Darimeter (fl)
0 9 hvd rad, Ifl)
67 wdlh-depth rata
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
14 velochy (Rfs) 0.092 Manninq's roughness 0.89 channel slope (%)
10.0 discharge are (crs) 1.02 D'An-Welsbach fnc 0.50 shear stress (Ib/sq fl)
0.26 Froude number 12.5 satance factor Wu- 0.51 shear velocity 011s)
45.9 relatve roughness -- unh strm power Obits)
0+58 UT to Reedy Fork Reference Reach #2, Pool
98
97?---.._-_
0 96
95 _
w 94 --
93
92
0 5 10 15 20 25
Width
Bank'ull Dimensions Flood Dimensions Materia ls
12.5 secton area (Bsq.1 80.0 W flood Drone area I t) 1.1 050 Bed (mm)
10 4 wdth ( Rl 7.7 entrenchment ratio 6.8 D84 Bed (mm)
1 :? an depth (fl) 2.3 I-bank he1gM (RI 29 threshold grain sae (mm):
2.:1 . ax depth (ft) 1.1 low bank height rat.
11 8 wetted panmeter IR)
1.' Nora. lft)
8. i w1.dth-depth ratio
Bankfull Flow Flow Resistance Forces & Power
1.1 veloc8v (R/s) 0.092 Man no's roud- 0.89 channel slope (%)
20 1 dscharge rate fcfsl 0.96 D'Arw-Weabach Ric. 0.59 shear stress (Ib/so ft.)
VI Fronde number 13.1 sistarce factor wu' 0 55 shear velocM f1s)
54.2 relative roughness - unn stm power ([hilts)
UT to Reedy Fork Reference Reach 82
gybed -- water sn' -?-bankfull A x-sec_don riffle-crest 0 pool ¦ run glide -
96.5
96
x
95.5 .......
r 95
o° 945
' Y
m 94 -
93.5
93
4
92.5 58.0 109.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Channel Distance (R)
,;e V7.7 10.095-2.8) 12 (0.1 -2,9) 114 5,8 19111 w1.un1 1.9 (0.8-2.81 - -
pool 0 (0-16) 0 (0-16) 4.5 (1.5-9.31 0.7 (02-1.41 30.0 (5-72.1) ab (0.7-10.5)
4.3 (0.99-11) 4.8 11.1-12.4) 7.2 (3-15.1) 1 (0.4-2.21 - -
run glide 0 10-1.3) 0 (0-1.5) 3.3 (2.3-4.5) 0.5 (0.3-0.71 - -

FEASIBILITY STUDY
051097
LICK CREEK STREAM RESTORATION SITE
LEE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
CAPE FEAR RIVER BASIN, CATALOGING UNIT 03030004
Prepared for:
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Ecosystem Enhancement Program
Raleigh, North Carolina
Prepared by:
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 107
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
October 1, 2004
?09@9%91
,JUN 1 i 2005
?? mo S fORMWp ER BRA??H

f

fl

ill

1

? 11
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Site
prepared for
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Ecosystem Enhancement Program
by
Restoration Systems, LLC
Raleigh, North Carolina
Contract Number D04013-1
A. Project Description:
The Lick Creek Stream Restoration Site is located approximately 2.6 miles northeast of the City
of Sanford in rural Lee County. It includes 40 acres of floodplain, 5,000 linear feet of perennial,
t second/third order stream designated as Lick Creek and 3,500 linear feet of perennial, second
order stream designated as Wallace Branch. The existing channels are highly degraded due to
unrestricted livestock access, riparian vegetation removal, and increasing non-point source
' runoff from the developing watershed. The proposed project consists of 100 percent
restoration, as defined in the Stream Mitigation Guidelines (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Wilmington District, April 2003). The proposed stream restoration process will involve: 1)
' raising the base elevation (profile) and constructing a new bankfull channel; 2) backfilling the
abandoned, existing channel; 3) erecting livestock exclusion fencing; 4) invasive species
removal; and 5) reestablishing a diverse native riparian buffer. This project will provide 9,500
linear feet of Stream Mitigation Units with the Cape Fear River Basin Cataloging Unit (CU)
03030004.
B. Purpose and Need:
The NCDENR Ecosystem Enhancement Program is responsible for providing compensatory
' mitigation for authorized wetland, stream and riparian buffer impacts associated with
transportation-related infrastructure and economic development. As part of their overall
mitigation strategy, the EEP published a request for proposals (RFP) in December 2003 seeking
Full Delivery Projects that would provide stream mitigation credits within the Cape Fear River
Basin CU 03030004. In response to the RFP, Restoration Systems, LCC submitted the "Lick
Creek Stream Restoration Site, Lee County, North Carolina Technical and Cost Proposal" on
' March 24, 2004.
C. Proposed Improvements:
' The following Type II improvements which apply to the project are circled:
1. Modernization of a highway by resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation,
' reconstruction, adding shoulders, or adding auxiliary lanes (e.g., parking,
weaving, turning, climbing).
' a. Restoring, Resurfacing, Rehabilitating, and Reconstructing pavement (3R
and 4R improvements)
1
b. Widening roadway and shoulders without adding through lanes
c. Modernizing gore treatments
d. Constructing lane improvements (merge, auxiliary, and turn lanes)
e. Adding shoulder drains
f. Replacing and rehabilitating culverts, inlets, and drainage pipes,
including safety treatments
g. Providing driveway pipes
h. Performing minor bridge widening (less than one through lane)
L Structural BMP's for water quality improvement
2.
3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Highway safety or traffic operations improvement projects including the
installation of ramp metering control devices and lighting.
a. Installing ramp metering devices
b. Installing lights
c. Adding or upgrading guardrail
d. Installing safety barriers including Jersey type barriers and pier
protection
e. Installing or replacing impact attenuators
f. Upgrading medians including adding or upgrading median barriers
g. Improving intersections including relocation and/or realignment
h. Making minor roadway realignment
i. Channelizing traffic
j. Performing clear zone safety improvements including removing hazards
and flattening slopes
k. Implementing traffic aid systems, signals, and motorist aid
1. Installing bridge safety hardware including bridge rail retrofit
Bridge rehabilitation, reconstruction, or replacement or the construction of grade
separation to replace existing at-grade railroad crossings.
a. Rehabilitating, reconstructing, or replacing bridge approach slabs
b. Rehabilitating or replacing bridge decks
c. Rehabilitating bridges including painting (no red lead paint), scour
repair, fender systems, and minor structural improvements
d. Replacing a bridge (structure and/or fill)
Transportation corridor fringe parking facilities.
Construction of new truck weigh stations or rest areas.
Approvals for disposal of excess right-of-way or for joint or limited use of right-
of-way, where the proposed use does not have significant adverse impacts.
Approvals for changes in access control..
Acquisition and construction of mitigation sites.
Construction of new bus storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such construction
is not inconsistent with existing zoning and located on or near a street with
adequate capacity to handle anticipated bus and support vehicle traffic.
2

' 10. Rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing rail and bus buildings and ancillary
facilities where only minor amounts of additional land are required and there is
not a substantial increase in the number of users.
11. Construction of bus transfer facilities (an open area consisting of passenger
shelters, boarding areas, kiosks and related street improvements) when located
in a commercial area or other high activity center in which there is adequate
street capacity for projected bus traffic.
' 12. Construction of rail storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such construction
is not inconsistent with existing zoning and where there is no significant noise
impact on the surrounding community.
13. Acquisition of land for hardship or protective purposes, advance land acquisition
loans under section 3(b) of the UMT Act. Hardship and protective buying will be
permitted only for a particular parcel or a limited number of parcels. These types
of land acquisition qualify for a CE only where the acquisition will not limit the
evaluation of alternatives, including shifts in alignment for planned construction
projects, which may be required in the NEPA process. No project development
on such land may proceed until the NEPA process has been completed.
D. Special Project Information:
Estimated Costs: Total Construction $1,721,200
Right of Way $321,300
' Total $2,042,500
E. Threshold Criteria
The following evaluation of threshold criteria must be completed for Type II actions
ECOLOGICAL YES NO
(1) Will the project have a substantial impact on any unique or
important natural resource? X
(2) Does the project involve habitat where federally listed
endangered or threatened species may occur? ? X
(3) Will the project affect anadromous fish? 0 X
(4) If the project involves wetlands, is the amount of permanent
' and/or temporary wetland taking less than one-tenth (1/10) of
an acre and have all practicable measures to avoid and X
minimise wetland takings been evaluated?
(5) Will the project require the use of U. S. Forest Service lands? 0 X
' (6) Will the quality of adjacent water resources be adversely ?
impacted by proposed construction activities? X
' (7) Does the project involve waters classified as Outstanding
Water Resources (OWR) and/or High Quality Waters (HQW)? X
3
(8) Will the project require fill in waters of the United States
in any of the designated mountain trout counties? X
(9) Does the project involve any known underground storage
tanks (UST's) or hazardous materials sites? X
PERMITS AND COORDINATION YES NO
(10) If the project is located within a CAMA county, will the
project significantly affect the coastal zone and/or any
"Area of Environmental Concern" (AEC)? X
(11) Does the project involve Coastal Barrier Resources Act
resources? X
(12) Will a U. S. Coast Guard permit be required? 0 X
(13) Will the project result in the modification of any existing
regulatory floodway? X
(14) Will the project require any stream relocations or channel
changes? Please see Section F for further explanation. X
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES YES NO
(15) Will the project induce substantial impacts to planned
growth or land use for the area? X
(16) Will the project require the relocation of any family or
business? X
(17) Will the project have a disproportionately high and
adverse human health and environmental effect on any
?
minority or low-income population? X
(18) If the project involves the acquisition of right of way, is the

amount of right of way acquisition considered minor? ?
X
(19) Will the project involve any changes in access control? 0 X
(20) Will the project substantially alter the usefulness and/or land
?
use of adjacent property? X
(21) Will the project have an adverse effect on permanent local
traffic patterns or community cohesiveness? X
(22) Is the project included in an approved thoroughfare plan
and/or Transportation Improvement Program (and is,
therefore, in conformance with the Clean Air Act of 1990)? X
(23) Is the project anticipated to cause an increase in traffic
F
volumes? X
4
(24) Will traffic be maintained during construction using existing ?
' roads, staged construction, or on-site detours? X
(25) If the project is a bridge replacement project, will the bridge be

' replaced at its existing location (along the existing facility) and
will all construction proposed in association with the bridge X
replacement project be contained on the existing facility?
' (26) Is there substantial controversy on social, economic, or
t? X
i
th
t
l
d
i
ng
e projec
s concern
a
groun
env
ronmen
' (27) Is the project consistent with all Federal, State, and local laws
?
relating to the environmental aspects of the project? X
' (28) Will the project have an "effect" on structures/ properties
?
X
eligible for or listed on the National Register of Historic Places?
(29) Will the project affect any archaeological remains, which are
a
X
important to history or pre-history?
' (30) Will the project require the use of Section 4(f) resources
(public parks, recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges,
historic sites, or historic bridges, as defined in Section 4(f) of X
' the U. S. Department of Transportation Act of 1966)?
(31) Will the project result in any conversion of assisted public
recreation sites or facilities to non-recreation uses, as
' defined by Section 6(f) of the Land and Water Conservation
Act of 1965, as amended? X
' (32) Will the project involve construction in, across, or adjacent to
a river designated as a component of or proposed for inclusion X
in the Natural System of Wild and Scenic Rivers?
'
F. Additional Documentation Required for Unfavorable Responses in Part E
(Discussion regarding all unfavorable responses in Part E should be provided below.
' Additional supporting documentation may be attached, as necessary.)
14) Will the project require any stream relocations or channel changes?
This is a stream restoration project based upon natural channel design methodologies
' that will use a Rosgen Priority Level 1 approach to restore stable " EXV stream
channels on the historic floodplain by raising the base elevation (profile) and
' constructing a new bankfull channel. The broad floodplain provides the opportunity
to increase the stream belt width and sinuosity through the establishment of a more
meandering planform. It is expected that the restored channel will be constructed
' both off-line and on-line, meandering through the protected stream riparian corridor.
Modifications will also be made to the profile in order to re-establish a natural riffle
and pool bed morphology with appropriate pool spacing.

G. CE Approval
Project Description:
Categorical Exclusion Action Classification:
TYPE II(A)
X TYPE II(B)
Approved:
" N/A
Date Assistant Manager
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
N/A
Date Project Planning Unit Head
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
N/A
Date Project Development Engineer
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
For Type II(B) projects only-
Date
?,,d t-L, 6--,-?? /?-, r
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
6

FEASIBILITY STUDY
LICK CREEK STREAM RESTORATION SITE
LEE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... l
2.0 Project Description ............................................................................................................1
3.0 Environmental Constraints ................................................................................................5
A. Environmental Screening .........................................................................................5
B. Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................5
C. Protected Species .....................................................................................................6
4.0 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................7
FIGURES
Figure 1. Project Site Location ..........................................................................................8
Figure 2. Project Site Existing Features ............................................................................9
Figure 3. Proposed Restoration Concept .........................................................................10
ATTACHMENTS
Environmental Data Resources Radius Map (Environmental Database Information)
Environmental Screening Inspection Form

77

1

11

' FEASIBILITY STUDY
' LICK CREEK STREAM RESTORATION SITE
LEE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
' 1.0 Introduction
The NCDENR Ecosystem Enhancement Program is responsible for providing
compensatory mitigation for authorized wetland, stream and riparian buffer impacts
associated with transportation-related infrastructure and economic development. As part
of their overall mitigation strategy, the EEP published a request for proposals (RFP) in
' December 2003 seeking Full Delivery Projects that would provide stream mitigation
credits within the Cape Fear River Basin CU 03030004. In response to the RFP,
Restoration Systems, LCC submitted the "Lick Creek Stream Restoration Site, Lee
' County, North Carolina Technical and Cost Proposal" on March 24, 2004.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential affect that the proposed project, as
' described in more detail below, would have on natural and cultural resources at and or near
the project site. The results of this feasibility assessment are provided in the preceding
Programmatic Categorical Exclusion Action Classification Form as well as in the
' summary text below.
2.0 Project Description
The Lick Creek Stream Restoration Site is located approximately 2.6 miles northeast of the
City of Sanford in rural Lee County and includes 40 acres of floodplain, 5,000 linear feet
' of perennial, second/third order stream designated as Lick Creek and 3,500 linear feet of
perennial, second order stream designated as Wallace Branch. The existing channels are
highly degraded due to unrestricted livestock access, riparian vegetation removal, and
' increasing non-point source runoff from the developing watershed.
' This project will provide 9,500 linear feet of Stream Mitigation Units with the Cape Fear
River Basin Cataloging Unit (CU) 03030004. It consists of 100 percent restoration, as
defined in the Stream Mitigation Guidelines (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington
District, April 2003) and provides the following advantages:
¦ provides 9,500 linear feet of Stream Mitigation Units, as calculated in accordance
with the requirements stipulated in RFP 16-D04013.
' ¦ located in a WS-1V Water Supply Watershed.
¦ provides opportunities for pollutant removal.
¦ exceeds minimum riparian buffer requirements.
' potential to reestablish habitat for Federal/State endangered species, Harperella.
¦ located approximately 1.5 miles downstream of pending US 421 - Sanford Bypass.
¦ no natural or man-made physical constraints to impede the proposed restoration.

1
The primary goals of this stream restoration project focus on improving local water
quality, enhancing flood attenuation and restoring aquatic and riparian habitat and will be
accomplished by:
¦ Reestablishing stream stability and capacity to transport watershed flows and
sediment load by restoring stable channel morphology supported by natural instream
habitat and gradelbank stabilization structures.
¦ Reducing non-point source sedimentation and nutrient inputs into the identified
project reaches through the elimination of accelerated bank erosion, exclusion of
livestock, and reestablishment of native riparian buffers greater than 50 feet in width,
¦ Enhancing the capacity of the site to mitigate flood flows by reconnecting the stream
to its floodplain.
Specific actions proposed to achieve these restoration goals consist of the activities
described below, which will be further refined during restoration planning and design.
Stream Restoration
Based upon existing stream and valley characteristics, a Priority Level 1 restoration
approach, as generally defined in Table 2, will be used to restore stable ` E/C4" stream
channels on the historic floodplain by raising the base elevation (profile) and constructing
a new bankfull channel. The design bankfull stage will equal the floodplain elevation in
the new channel (bank height ratio = 1.0). The proposed stream dimension, pattern, and
profile for the restored channels will be based on the morphological criteria and hydraulic
geometry relationships developed from appropriate reference reaches. In addition, the
broad floodplain provides the opportunity to increase the stream belt width and sinuosity
through the establishment of a more meandering planform. It is expected that the restored
channel will be constructed both off-line and on-line, meandering through the protected
stream riparian corridor. Channel planform adjustment and relocation is expected to
increase overall sinuosity to a more appropriate range of between 1.2 and 1.5, producing
9,500 linear feet of restored stream. Modifications will also be made to the profile in order
to re-establish a natural riffle and pool bed morphology with appropriate pool spacing.
In-stream structures will be incorporated throughout the restored channels. Cross-Vanes
and J-Hook Vanes will be used to reduce the burden of energy dissipation on the channel
geometry and prevent bank erosion by minimizing near-bank shear stress and the influence
of secondary circulation in the near-bank region of stream bends. The structures further
promote efficient sediment transport and produce/enhance in-stream habitat. Cross-vanes
will serve as grade control in the restored channel.
Abandoned Channel Backfill
Excavated materials from the design channel will be used to backfill the majority of the
abandoned, existing channel. However, shallow linear depressions (oxbows) within the
existing channel belt width may be incorporated to provide additional flood storage and
valuable aquatic habitat in the floodplain. With continued development in the contributing
drainage area (including the pending US 421 Bypass), these features will support primary
settlement of transport sediments and nutrients subsequently improving water quality and
reducing inputs to the Cape Fear River.
2

1
Livestock Exclusion
Cattle exclusion fencing will be installed along the outer boundary of the restored riparian
buffer / permanent conservation easement area. This will prevent continued bank erosion
and collapses caused by hoof shear as well as eliminate cattle excrement and resulting
' fecal coliform loading. A limited number of stabilized, rock ford stream crossings will be
installed to provide cattle access to isolated pasture areas. These crossing points will be
fenced on both sides, utilizing standard NRCS water gate designs, to prevent cattle from
further accessing the stream and riparian buffers.
Riparian Buffer Restoration
' The purpose of the planting plan is to re-establish a riparian buffer greater than 50 feet in
width composed of native woody and herbaceous species. The plan consists of 1)
acquisition of available plant species, 2) implementation of proposed site preparation, and
' 3) planting of selected species. The proposed plantings will cover the constructed
streambanks, floodplain, and minor upland slopes located within the Site. Throughout the
majority of the Site, the target natural community will be a Piedmont/Mountain
Bottomland Forest. Where the project area encompasses portions of upland slopes
adjacent to the floodplain areas, limited to a minor area on the southern bank of Wallace
Creek upstream of the Lower Moncure Road crossing, the target community will be a
Mixed Mesic Hardwood Forest. Bare-root seedlings will be planted within the specified
areas at a density of 436 stems per acre. Tree species will be installed individually, while
shrub plantings will be installed in small groupings of 2 to 3 individuals. All plantings
' will be randomly spaced and grouped to promote a natural appearance. Typical species
targeted for planting are indicated in the tables below.

Potential Tree Snecies List.
Location " Scientific name Common Name
Carya ovata Shagbark hickory
Floodplain Pinus taeda Loblolly pine
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash
Quercus michauxii Swamp Chestnut oak
Quercus phellos Willow oak
Salix nigra Black willow
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip poplar
Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory
Upland Slope Pinus taeda Loblolly pine
Liriodendron tulipifiera Tulip poplar
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon
Quercus alba White oak
Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum
Prunus serotina Black cherry
Quercus rubra Northern red oak
Fagus grandifolia American beech
3
Potential Shrub Species List.
Location Scientific name Common Name
Alnus serrulata Tag alder
Floodplain Cornus amomum Silky dogwood
Carpinus caroliniana Ironwood
Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry
Itea virginica Virginia willow
Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark
Rhododendron viscosum Swamp azalea
Amelanchier arborea Service berry
Upland Slope Cercis canadensis Redbud
Cornus alternifolia Alternate leaf dogwood
Corylus americana Hazel-nut
flex decidua Deciduous holly
Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry
Viburnum dentatum Southern arrow-wood
Potential Herbaceous Seed Mixes.
Location Scientific name Common Name'
Eupatorium fistulosum Joe pye weed
Floodplain & Streambank Helianthus angustifolius Swamp sunflower
Andropogon glomeratus Bushy beard grass
Panicum clandestimum Deertongue
Panicum virgatum Switchgrass
Vernonia noveboracensis Ironweed
Andropogon gerardii Big blue stem
Upland Slope Eupatorium fistulosum Joe pye weed
Panicum virgatum Switchgrass
Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass
Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gama grass
Vernonia noveboracensis Ironweed
In some areas, remnants of the target natural communities currently exist with mature
individuals of the desired species. As much as possible in these areas, the zone of
construction activity will be limited to lessen damage to individual stems. Maintaining
existing trees in place with intact root masses will contribute to post-construction slope
soil and stream bank retention. Areas with existing tree canopy will receive primarily
herbaceous and shrub plantings. Where opportunities exist to transplant existing trees for
re-vegetation, those individuals will be moved to new positions along the constructed
stream section. Individuals considered candidates for transplanting should not be larger
than 1.5 inches in diameter at breast height (dbh).
Live stakes and/or bare root seedlings will be used to stabilize and revegetate stream banks
on the outside of meander bends. Typical species to be utilized may include: Silky
dogwood (Cornus amomum), Red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), Black willow
4

0

C

ri

(Salix nigra), Silky willow (Salix sericea), and Elderberry (Sambucus Canadensis). These
will be planted at a density of 2-4 stakes per square yard and in a random fashion to give a
natural appearance. Native herbaceous vegetation will also be established within the
streambank and buffer areas.
Invasive Species Control
Prior to the re-vegetation phase of the project, non-native floral species will be removed.
Exotic species currently identified within the project area include Chinese privet and
Japanese honeysuckle. Invasive species management will begin during the site preparation
stage and continue through the 5-year monitoring period at a minimum. Removal and
management procedures will be based upon recommendations established by the Southeast
Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual.
3.0 Environmental Constraints
An evaluation was conducted in order to identify possible environmental constraints that
have the potential to either affect or be affected by the proposed project. Three specific
categories of environmental constraints were evaluated: 1) an Environmental Screening of
potential conditions related to hazardous wastes, 2) Cultural Resources, and 3) Threatened
and Endangered Species. These evaluations consisted of a review of available records and
a preliminary visual site inspection. Summaries of the findings are provided below:
A. Environmental Screening
An Environmental Data Resources (EDR) Radius Map with GeoCheck was generated for
the subject site. The radius search for this report was the ASTM standard of one mile plus
two additional miles to encompass the entire linear project area. No environmental
concerns were identified within one mile of the project area. In addition, during the
preliminary visual site investigation, no visual signs of potential contamination were
noted. A copy of both the EDR Database Report and the Environmental Screening
Inspection Form are included as attachments.
B. Cultural Resources
Available records were reviewed at the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources,
State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and Office of State Archaeology (OSA) to
determine the presence of known historic preservation sites or sites of archeological
importance on or near the study site. The review of available records indicates that a
historic survey for Lee County has been completed. There are numerous resources
mapped within the contributing drainage area to the proposed project. However, only two
structures, designated as potential 50-year old structures for which evaluations have not
been conducted, occur within the vicinity of the Site. These structures are located on
upland areas approximately 500 feet from the existing Lick Creek channel and well
outside of the proposed riparian corridor. No impacts to listed or potentially eligible
cultural resources are expected. Additionally, based on review of U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) quad sheets at the Office of State Archaeology (OSA) no sites of known
archaeological significance have been identified either within or adjacent to the Site.
Based upon the results of both the records research and the preliminary visual site visit, the
5
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project is not anticipated to impact any known historic or
archaeological resource.
C. Protected Species
Available North Carolina Department of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program
(NC NHP) records were reviewed determine the presence of any threatened, or endangered
species or critical habitats on or near the study site. No NC NHP identified occurrences of
RTE species or critical habitats are located on or near the study site. Additionally, during
the field investigation, the existing site conditions were evaluated in order to determine the
presence of habitat suitable for Federally listed Endangered and Threatened species that
occur in Lee County. A summary of the listed species and a preliminary assessment of the
potential project impact is provided below:
Picoides borealis red-cockaded woodpecker Endangered Historic
The red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) range today is from Florida to Virginia and west to
southeast Oklahoma and eastern Texas. The habitat for the species includes mature pine
forests. Longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) seem to be preferred, but other southern pines
have been used. The RCW excavates cavities exclusively in living pine trees. The older
pines favored by the RCW often suffer from a fungus called red heart disease which
attacks the center of the trunk, causing the heartwood to become soft. The NC NHP
records were searched and no known occurrences of the species have been documented
within the project area. The project area does not contain any mature open pine forests of
large enough acreage for the species to occur, therefore, habitat is not available for the
species and it is unlikely the project will have any impact on RCWs.
Biological Conclusion: No Affect
Notropis mekistocholas Cape Fear shiner Endangered Current
The Cape Fear shiner is endemic to central North Carolina in the Cape Fear drainage. The
habitat of the species includes water willow (Justicia americana) beds in flowing areas of
creeks and rivers. The species is found in clean, rocky streams over gravel, cobble, and
boulder substrate. They are known to inhabit pools, riffles, and slow runs. Juveniles are
often found in slack water, among mid-stream rock outcrops, and in side channels and
pools. Threats to the species include deterioration of water quality due to toxic chemical
pollution, changes in stream flow, channel modification, siltation, and impoundments. The
NC NHP records were searched and no known occurrences of the species have been
documented within the project area. The project area does not contain clean rocky streams
over gravel, cobble or boulder substrate, therefore, habitat is not available and it is unlikely
the project will have any impact on the species.
Biological Conclusion: No Affect
Ptilimnium nodosum harperella Endangered Historic
Harperella is an annual herb known from 12 extant populations range wide with two of
those in North Carolina counties (Granville and Chatham). One historic population was
noted for Lee County. The habitat for harperella includes two types: 1) rocky or gravel
shoals and margins of clear, swift-flowing stream sections, and 2) edges of intermittent
pineland ponds in the coastal plain. This plant tolerates and may actually require a very
6

' specific and unusual water regime, which includes moderately intensive spring floods,
which may reduce or eliminate competing vegetation. Alterations of the water regime,
' which result from impoundments, water withdrawal, and drainage, or deepening of ponds
readily eliminates Harperella from its habitat. Other factors such as siltation, pollution, and
shoreline development also threaten harperella populations. The NC NHP records were
' searched and no known occurrences of the species have been documented within the
project area. The project area does not currently contain rocky/gravel shoals, clear swift-
flowing waters, or pineland ponds, therefore, habitat is not available and it is unlikely the
project will have a detrimental impact on harperella.
Biological Conclusion: No Affect
' 4.0 Conclusions
Based upon the results of this preliminary feasibility assessment, the Lick Creek Stream
Restoration Project is not expected to negatively affect the evaluated resources located
within the project area. In fact, this stream restoration is expected to have a beneficial
affect on both habitat and water quality within the Cape Fear River 03030004, to include:
¦ restoring stable channel morphology and aquatic habitat,
¦ reducing non-point source sedimentation and nutrient inputs in a WS-IV Water
Supply Watershed,
¦ replacing invasives on site and reestablishing diverse, native riparian buffer habitat
greater than 50 feet wide, and
¦ potentially reestablishing habitat for the endangered Harperella.
I?

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The EDR Radius Map
with GeoChecko
Lick Creek Stream Restoration
Lower Moncure Road
SANFORD, NC 27330
Inquiry Number: 01274228.1r
September 22, 2004
EDK' Environmental
Data Resources Inc
The Standard in
Environmental Risk
Management Information
440 Wheelers Farms Road
Milford, Connecticut 06460
Nationwide Customer Service
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Internet: www.edrnet.com
FORMERN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
Executive Summary ------------------------------------------------------ ES1
Overview Map---------------------------------------------------------- 2
Detail Map------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Map Findings Summary --------------------------------------------------- 4
Map Findings----------------------------------------------------------. 6
Orphan Summary ------------------------------------------------------- 13
Government Records Searched/Data Currency Tracking- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GR-1
GEOCHECK ADDENDUM
Physical Setting Source Addendum-----------------------------------------. A-1
Physical Setting Source Summary ------------------------------------------- A-2
Physical Setting Source Map ----------------------------------------------- A-7
Physical Setting Source Map Findings---------------------------------------. A-8
Physical Setting Source Records Searched ------------------------------------ A-10
Thank you for your business.
Please contact EDR at 1-800-352-0050
. with any questions or comments.
Disclaimer - Copyright and Trademark Notice
This report contains information obtained from a variety of public and other sources. NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, IS MADE
WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH THIS REPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE MAKING OF ANY
SUCH WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE. ALL RISK IS
ASSUMED BY THE USER. IN NO EVENT SHALL EDR BE LIABLE TO ANYONE, WHETHER ARISING OUT OF ERRORS OR OMISSIONS, NEGLIGENCE,
ACCIDENT OR ANY OTHER CAUSE, FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. It can not be concluded from this report that coverage information for the target and surrounding properties does not
exist from other sources. Any analyses, estimates, ratings or risk codes provided in this report are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are
not intended to provide, nor should they be interpreted as providing any facts regarding, or prediction or forecast of, any environmental risk for
any property. Any liability on the part of EDR is strictly limited to a refund of the amount paid for this report.
Copyright 2004 by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any media or format, in whole
or in part, of any report or map of Environmental Data Resources, Inc., or its affiliates, is prohibited without prior written permission.
EDR and its logos (including Sanborn and Sanborn Map) are trademarks of Environmental Data Resources, Inc. or its affiliates. All other
trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.

TC01274228.1 r Page 1 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A search of available environmental records was conducted by Environmental Data Resources, Inc.
(EDR). The report meets the government records search requirements of ASTM Standard Practice for
Environmental Site Assessments, E 1527-00. Search distances are per ASTM standard or custom
distances requested by the user.
TARGET PROPERTY INFORMATION
ADDRESS

LOWER MONCURE ROAD
SANFORD, NC 27330
COORDINATES
Latitude (North): 35.515200 - 35° 30'54.7"
Longitude (West): 79.119100 - 79° 7'8.8"
Universal Tranverse Mercator: Zone 17
UTM X (Meters): 670566.6
' UTM Y (Meters):
Elevation: 3931606.8
258 ft. above sea level
USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP ASSOCIATED WITH TARGET PROPERTY
Target Property: 35079-E1 MONCURE, NC
Source: USGS 7.5 min quad index
TARGET PROPERTY SEARCH RESULTS

I I

0

n
The target property was not listed in any of the databases searched by EDR.
DATABASES WITH NO MAPPED SITES
No mapped sites were found in EDR's search of available ( "reasonably ascertainable ") government
records either on the target property or within the ASTM E 1527-00 search radius around the target
property for the following databases:
FEDERAL ASTM STANDARD
NPL________________________ National Priority List
Proposed NPL-------------- Proposed National Priority List Sites
CERCLIS____________________ Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information
System
CERC-NFRAP--------------- CERCLIS No Further Remedial Action Planned
CORRACTS----------------- Corrective Action Report
RCRIS-TSD------------------ Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System
RCRIS-LQG-----------------. Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System
RCRIS-SQG----------------- Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System
ERNS----------------------- Emergency Response Notification System
STATE ASTM STANDARD
SHWS_______________________ Inactive Hazardous Sites Inventory
TC01274228.1r EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SWF/LF---------------------- List of Solid Waste Facilities
UST ------------------------- Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Database
OLI__________________________ Old Landfill Inventory
INDIAN UST ----------------- Underground Storage Tanks on Indian Land
VCP_________________________ Responsible Party Voluntary Action Sites
FEDERAL ASTM SUPPLEMENTAL
CONSENT___________________ Superfund (CERCLA) Consent Decrees
ROD_________________________ Records Of Decision
Delisted NPL_______ ________ National Priority List Deletions
FINDS_______________ ________ Facility Index System/Facility Identification Initiative Program Summary Report
HMIRS______________ _________ Hazardous Materials Information Reporting System
MLTS________________________ Material Licensing Tracking System
NPL Liens___________ ________ Federal Superfund Liens
PADS --------------- --------- PCB Activity Database System
UMTRA_____________________ Uranium Mill Tailings Sites
FUDS________________________ Formerly Used Defense Sites
INDIAN RESERV ---- --------- Indian Reservations
US BROWNFIELDS- --------- A Listing of Brownfields Sites
DOD_________________________ Department of Defense Sites
RAATS______________ ________ RCRA Administrative Action Tracking System
TRIS_________________________ Toxic Chemical Release Inventory System
TSCA_______________ _________ Toxic Substances Control Act
SSTS________________________ Section 7 Tracking Systems
FTTS INSP__________ ________. FIFRA/TSCA Tracking System - FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, &
Rodenticide ACt)/TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act)
STATE OR LOCAL ASTM SUPPLEMENTAL
AST ------------------------- AST Database
DRYCLEANERS_____________ Drycleaning Sites
EDR PROPRIETARY HISTORICAL DATABASES
Coal Gas____________________ Former Manufactured Gas (Coal Gas) Sites
BROWNFIELDS DATABASES
US BROWNFIELDS__________ A Listing of Brownfields Sites
Brownfields_________________ Brownfields Projects Inventory
INST CONTROL ------------ No Further Action Sites With Land Use Restrictions Monitoring
VCP_________________________ Responsible Party Voluntary Action Sites
SURROUNDING SITES: SEARCH RESULTS
Surrounding sites were identified.
Elevations have been determined from the USGS Digital Elevation Model and should be evaluated on
a relative (not an absolute) basis. Relative elevation information between sites of close proximity
should be field verified. Sites with an elevation equal to or higher than the target property have been
differentiated below from sites with an elevation lower than the target property.
Page numbers and map identification numbers refer to the EDR Radius Map report where detailed
data on individual sites can be reviewed.
Sites listed in bold italics are in multiple databases.
Unmappable (orphan) sites are not considered in the foregoing analysis.
TC01274228.1r EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

STATE ASTM STANDARD
LUST: The Leaking Underground Storage Tank Incidents Management Database contains an inventory of reported
' leaking underground storage tank incidents. The data come from the Department of Environment,
& Natural Resources' Incidents by Address.
A review of the LUST list, as provided by EDR, and dated 06/04/2004 has revealed that there are 3
' LUST sites within approximately 2.5 miles of the target property.
Equal/Higher Elevation Address Dist / Dir Map ID Page
' CHEROKEE SANFORD GROUP 1600 COLON ROAD >2 WNW A3 6
CHEROKEE SANFORD MAINTENANCE 1600 COLON RD. >2 WNW A4 8
CHEROKEE SANFORD?SANFORD PLANT 1600 COLON ROAD >2 WNW A5 10

FEDERAL ASTM SUPPLEMENTAL
u

1
k

LI

Mines: Mines Master Index File. The source of this database is the Dept. of Labor, Mine Safety
and Health Administration.
A review of the MINES list, as provided by EDR, and dated 06/04/2004 has revealed that there is 1
MINES site within approximately 2.25 miles of the target property.
Equal/Higher Elevation Address Dist / Dir Map ID Page
HANFORD BRICK CO INC >2 W 1 6
STATE OR LOCAL ASTM SUPPLEMENTAL
HSDS: The Hazardous Substance Disposal Sites list contains locations of uncontrolled and unregulated
hazardous waste sites. The file contains sites on the national priority list as well as the state priority list.
The data source is the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis.
A review of the NC HSDS list, as provided by EDR, and dated 06/21/1995 has revealed that there is 1
NC HSDS site within approximately 3 miles of the target property.
Equal/Higher Elevation Address Dist / Dir Map ID Page
SAN LEE PARK >2 SSW 2 6
LUST TRUST: This database contains information about claims against
the State Trust Funds for reimbursements for expenses incurred while
remediating Leaking USTs.
A review of the LUST TRUST list, as provided by EDR, and dated 08/06/2004 has revealed that there is
1 LUST TRUST site within approximately 2.5 miles of the target property.
Equal/Higher Elevation Address Dist / Dir Map ID Page
CHEROKEE SANFORD GROUP 1600 COLON ROAD >2 WNW A3 6
TC01274228.1r EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3

Map ID
Direction
Distance
Distance (ft.)
Elevation Site
MAP FINDINGS
MINES M000076850
N/A
Coal Gas Site Search: No site was found in a search of Real Property Scan's ENVIROHAZ database.
1 HANFORD BRICK CO INC
West
> 1 LEE (County), NC
11879 ft.
Relative: U.S. MINES:
Higher Mine ID: 3100139
Entity Name: COLON CLAY + SHALE M
Actual: State FIPS code: 37
285 ft. Status Date: 11/28/1978
Operation Class: Non-coal mining
Number of Pits: 000
Latitude: 35 30 38
SIC Codes: 14550 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
Company: HANFORD BRICK CO INC
County FIPS code: 105
Status: permanently abandoned
Number of Shops: 0
Number of Plants: 0
Longitude: 079 09 31
2 SAN LEE PARK
SSW
>1 NC
12338 ft.
Relative: NC HSDS:
Higher Facility Name: SAN LEE PARK
Latitude: 35 28 56.132435
Actual: Site Type: Federal
383 ft.
A3 CHEROKEE SANFORD GROUP
WNW 1600 COLON ROAD
> 1 SANFORD, NC 27331
13039 ft.
Site 1 of 3 in cluster A
Relative:
Higher LUST:
Incident Number: 8061
Actual: Date Occurred: / /
365 ft. 5 Min Quad: Not reported
Lat/Long: 0000000000 / 0000000000
Source Type: 3
Facility ID: Not reported
Operation: Commercial
UST Number : RA-1220
Regional Officer Project Mgr : MAF
Region : Raleigh
Responsible PartyCHEROKEE SANFORD GROUP
RP Address : 1600 COLON RD
SANFORD, NC 27330
RP County: Not reported
Date Reported : 12102/91
Comm / Non-comm UST Site : Commercial
Tank Regulated Status : Regulated
NORR Issued Date :
NOV Issued Date / /
Risk ClassificationL•
Risk Classification Based On Review : L
Site Risk Reason :Not reported
Corrective Action Plan Type: Not reported
Level Of Soil Cleanup Achieved : Not reported
Closure Request Date :
NC HSDS S102442602
N/A
Longitude: 79 7 48.222204
Superfund ID #: 981 021 652
EDR ID Number
Database(s) EPA ID Number
IMD 1003886486
LUST NIA
LUST TRUST
GPS Confirmed: Not reported
Testlat : 0000000000
Contact Person : Not reported
Product Type : Petroleum
Phase Of LSA Req Not reported
Land Use : Not reported
TC01274228.1 r Page 6
f

I I

L 17

Map ID MAP FINDINGS
Direction
Distance
Distance (ft.) EDR ID Number
Elevation Site Database(s) EPA ID Number
CHEROKEE SANFORD GROUP (Continued) 1003886486
NFA Letter Date : 05/22/92
Contamination Type : SL
MTBE : 0 # Of Supply Wells : 0
Comments : NO SOIL CONTAMINATION LEFT AFTER EXCAVATION FOLLOWING UST REMOVAL.
INCIDENT CLOSED 5/22/92.4/21/03 KAH
Telephone : [phone] Flag : 1
Error Flag : 0 LUR Filed :
MTBE1: Unknown Flag1: No
Cleanup : Current Status : File Located in Archives
RBCA GW : Not reported PETOPT : 3
CD Num : 85 Reel Num : 3785
RPOW : False RPOP : False
RPL : False
Type : 3
Date Occurred: 11/20/61
Date Reported : 06/03/92
Incident Description : CONTAMINATION FOUND DURING UST REMOVAL
Ownership: Private Location: Facility
Site Priority: Not reported
Type : 3 Priority Update :
Wells Affected: Not reported Num Affected: 0.00000
7.5 Min Quad: Not reported 5 Min Quad: Not reported
Release Code: Not reported Source Type: Not reported
Error Type : Not reported
UST Number : RA-1220
Operation Type : Commercial
Last Modified: 03/08/99
Incident Phase: Closed Out
NOV Issued: NORR Issued: / /
45 Day Report: SOC Sighned: / /
Public Meeting Held:
Close-out Report: 05/22/92 RS Designation:
Corrective Action Planned:
Reclassification Report:
Closure Request Date:
LUST TRUST:
Facility ID : 0-017383
Site ID: 10589
Site Note: Not reported
Site Eligible?: True
Commercial Find : 100% Commercial
Priority Rank: Low
3rd Party Deductable Amount: 0
Sum of 3rd Party Amounts Applied: 0
Deductable Amount: 20000
Glick thic hypprlink while viewing on your computer to access
additional NC LUST TRUST detail in the EDR Site Report.
IMD:
Incident Number: 8061
Region: RAL
Date Occurred: / /
Submit Date: 06/03/92
GW Contam: No
Soil Contam: Yes
Operator: Not reported
TC01274228.1 r Page 7

Map ID MAP FINDINGS
Direction
Distance
Distance (ft.)
Elevation Site
CHEROKEE SANFORD MAINTENANCE (Continued)
Contact Phone: Not reported
Priority Code: L
Priority Update: 04/16/98
Site Priority: 40D
Dem Contact: MAF
Wells Affected: No
Num Affected: 0
Sampled By: Samples Include:
7.5 Min Quad: Not reported
5 Min Quad: N45Y
Incident Desc: UPON REMOVAL OF LISTS, SOIL CONTAM. WAS DISCOVERED.
Ownership: Private
Operation: Commercial
Material: DIESEL
Qty Lost: Not reported
Qty Recovered: Not reported
Material: GASOLINE
Qty Lost: Not reported
Qty Recovered: Not reported
Source: Leak-underground
Type: Gasoline/diesel
Location: Facility
Setting: Not reported
Wells Contam: Not reported
Sampled By: Other
Samples Include: Not reported
Owner Company: CHEROKEE SANFORD GROUP
Lat/Long: Not reported
Risk Site L
Lat/Long Decimal:0 / 0
Lat/Long Number D 10
GPS: NOD Agency : DWM
Last Modified: 09/14/94 Incident Phase: FU
NOV Issued: 08/30/94
45 Day Report: / / SOC Sighned: / /
Public Meeting Held:
Corrective Action Planned:
Reclassification Report:
Close-out Report: / / RS Designation: / /
Closure Request Date:
A5 CHEROKEE SANFORDSANFORD PLANT
WNW 1600 COLON ROAD
> 1 SANFORD, NC 27330
13039 ft.
Site 3 of 3 in cluster A
Relative:
Higher LUST:
Incident Number: 21026
Actual: Date Occurred: 12/10/98
365 fL 5 Min Quad: Not reported
Lat/Long: 0000000000 / 0000000000
Source Type: 3
Facility ID: Not reported
Operation: Industrial
UST Number : RA-3234
Regional Officer Project Mgr: RKD
Region : Raleigh
Responsible PartyCHEROKEE SANFORD GROUP INC
! I

i

IMD 1001478105
LUST NIA '
F1
GPS Confirmed: Not reported
Testlat : 0000000000
Contact Person : WARREN PASCHAL

EDR ID Number
Database(s) EPA ID Number '
TC01274228.1 r Page 10
1000535201

Map ID MAP FINDINGS
' Di
ti
rec
on
Distance
Distance (ft.) EDR ID Number
Elevation Site Database(s) EPA ID Number

CHEROKEE SANFORD-SANFORD PLANT (Continued) 1001478105
RP Address : 1600 COLON ROAD
' SANFORD, NC 27330
RP County : Not reported Product Type : Petroleum
Date Reported : 03/30/99
Comm / Non-comm UST Site : Commercial
' Tank Regulated Status : Regulated
NORR Issued Date :
NOV Issued Date / / Phase Of LSA Req Not reported
' Risk ClassificationL•
Risk Classification Based On Review : L
Site Risk Reason :Not reported Land Use : Not reported
Corrective Action Plan Type: Not reported
Level Of Soil Cleanup Achieved : Not reported
Closure Request Date :
NFA Letter Date : 12/20/99
Contamination Type : SL
MTBE : 0 # Of Supply Wells : 0
Comments : MINOR SOIL CONT FROM 550 GAL WASTE OIL UST
' Telephone : [phone] Flag : 0
Error Flag : 0 LUR Filed :
MTBE1: Unknown Flag1: No
Cleanup : Current Status : File Located in Archives
' RBCA GW : Not reported PETOPT : 5
CD Num : 85 Reel Num : 3785
RPOW : False RPOP : False
RPL : False
Type : 5
' Date Occurred: 12/10/98
Date Reported : 06/27/99
Incident Description : 1 550 GAL WASTE OIL UST REMOVED MI NOR SOIL CONTAMINATION DETECTED
51.5 TONS OF SOIL EXCAVATED AND DISPOSED OF PROPERLY UST DISPOSED OF
PROPERLY
Ownership: Private Location: Facility
Site Priority: L
Type : 5 Priority Update : 06/27/99
Wells Affected: Not reported Num Affected: 0.00000
7.5 Min Quad: Not reported 5 Min Quad: Not reported
Release Code: Not reported Source Type: Not reported
Error Type : Not reported
UST Number : RA-3234
Operation Type : Industrial
Last Modified: 03/16/00
Incident Phase: Closed Out
NOV Issued: NORR Issued:
45 Day Report: SOC Sighned:
Public Meeting Held:
Close-out Report: 12/20/99 RS Designation:
Corrective Action Planned:
' Reclassification Report:
Closure Request Date:
IMD:
Incident Number: 21026
' Region: RAIL
Date Occurred: 12110/98
Submit Date: 06/27/99
GW Contam: No
' Soil Contam: Yes

TC01274228.1 r Page 11

Map ID
Direction
Distance
Distance (ft.)
Elevation Site
MAP FINDINGS

EDR ID Number
Database(s) EPA ID Number '
CHEROKEE SANFORDSANFORD PLANT (Continued) 1001478105
Operator: WARREN PASCHAL
1600 COLON ROAD
SANFORD, NC 27330
Contact Phone: [phone]
Priority Code: L
Priority Update: 06/27/99
Site Priority: L
Dem Contact: RKD
Wells Affected: Not reported
Num Affected: 0
Sampled By: Samples Include:
7.5 Min Quad: Not reported
5 Min Quad: Not reported
Incident Desc: 1 550 GAL WASTE OIL UST REMOVED MINOR SOIL CONTAMINATION DETECTED
51.5 TONS OF SOIL EXCAVATED AND DISPOSED OF PROPERLY UST DISPOSED OF
PROPERLY
Ownership: Private
Operation: Industrial
Material: WASTE OIL
Qty Lost: Not reported
Qty Recovered: Not reported
Source: Leak-underground
Type: Gasoline/diesel
Location: Facility
Setting: Industrial
Wells Contam: Not reported
Sampled By: Not reported
Samples Include: Not reported
Owner Company: CHEROKEE SANFORD GROUP INC
LattLong: Not reported
Risk Site L
Lat/Long Decimal:0 / 0
Lat/Long Number A / 0
GPS: NOD Agency : DWM
Last Modified: 03/16/00 Incident Phase: CO
NOV Issued: / /
45 Day Report: / / SOC Sighned:
Public Meeting Held:
Corrective Action Planned: / /
Reclassification Report: / /
Close-out Report: 12/20/99 RS Designation: / /
Closure Request Date: / /
TC01274228.1 r Page 12
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GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED /DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
To maintain currency of the following federal and state databases, EDR contacts the appropriate governmental agency
on a monthly or quarterly basis, as required.
Elapsed ASTM days: Provides confirmation that this EDR report meets or exceeds the 90-day updating requirement
of the ASTM standard.
FEDERAL ASTM STANDARD RECORDS
NPL: National Priority List
Source: EPA
Telephone: N/A
National Priorities List (Superfund). The NPL is a subset of CERCLIS and identifies over 1,200 sites for priority
cleanup under the Superfund Program. NPL sites may encompass relatively large areas. As such, EDR provides polygon
coverage for over 1,000 NPL site boundaries produced by EPA's Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center
(EPIC) and regional EPA offices.
Date of Government Version: 07130/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 09/09/04
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 08/03/04
Elapsed ASTM days: 37
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/03/04
NPL Site Boundaries
Sources:
EPA's Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center (EPIC)
Telephone: [phone]
EPA Region 1
Telephone [phone]
EPA Region 3
Telephone [phone]
EPA Region 4
Telephone [phone]
Proposed NPL: Proposed National Priority List Sites
Source: EPA
Telephone: N/A
Date of Government Version: 07/22/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 09/09/04
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
EPA Region 6
Telephone: [phone]
EPA Region 8
Telephone: [phone]
Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 08/03/04
Elapsed ASTM days: 37
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/03/04
CERCLIS: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
CERCLIS contains data on potentially hazardous waste sites that have been reported to the USEPA by states, municipalities,
private companies and private persons, pursuant to Section 103 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act (CERCLA). CERCLIS contains sites which are either proposed to or on the National Priorities
List (NPL) and sites which are in the screening and assessment phase for possible inclusion on the NPL.
Date of Government Version: 05/17/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 08/10/04
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly
Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 06/23/04
Elapsed ASTM days: 48
Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/23/04
CERCLIS-NFRAP: CERCLIS No Further Remedial Action Planned
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
As of February 1995, CERCLIS sites designated "No Further Remedial Action Planned" (NFRAP) have been removed
from CERCLIS. NFRAP sites may be sites where, following an initial investigation, no contamination was found,
contamination was removed quickly without the need for the site to be placed on the NPL, or the contamination
was not serious enough to require Federal Superfund action or NPL consideration. EPA has removed approximately
25,000 NFRAP sites to lift the unintended barriers to the redevelopment of these properties and has archived them
as historical records so EPA does not needlessly repeat the investigations in the future. This policy change is
part of the EPA's Brownfields Redevelopment Program to help cities, states, private investors and affected citizens
to promote economic redevelopment of unproductive urban sites.
TC01274228.1 r Page GR-1

GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED I DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
Date of Government Version: 05/17/04 Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 06/23/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 08/10/04 Elapsed ASTM days: 48
' Database Release Frequency: Quarterly Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/23/04
CORRACTS: Corrective Action Report
Source: EPA
' Telephone: [phone]
CORRACTS identifies hazardous waste handlers with RCRA corrective action activity.
Date of Government Version: 06/15/04 Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 06/25/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 08/10/04 Elapsed ASTM days: 46
' Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/07/04
RCRIS: Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System. RCRIS includes selective information on sites which generate,
transport, store, treat and/or dispose of hazardous waste as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQGs): generate less than 100 kg of hazardous
' waste, or less than 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste per month. Small quantity generators (SQGs): generate between
100 kg and 1,000 kg of hazardous waste per month. Large quantity generators (LQGs): generate over 1,000 kilograms
(kg) of hazardous waste, or over 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste per month. Transporters are individuals or
entities that move hazardous waste from the generator off-site to a facility that can recycle, treat, store, or
dispose of the waste. TSDFs treat, store, or dispose of the waste.
Date of Government Version: 06/15/04 Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 06/23/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 07/20/04 Elapsed ASTM days: 27
Database Release Frequency: Varies Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/24/04
ERNS: Emergency Response Notification System
Source: National Response Center, United States Coast Guard
Telephone: [phone]
Emergency Response Notification System. ERNS records and stores information on reported releases of oil and hazardous
substances.
Date of Government Version: 12/31/03 Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 01/26/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 03/12/04 Elapsed ASTM days: 46
' Database Release Frequency: Annually Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/26/04
FEDERAL ASTM SUPPLEMENTAL RECORDS
BRS: Biennial Reporting System
Source: EPA/NTIS
Telephone: [phone]
The Biennial Reporting System is a national system administered by the EPA that collects data on the generation
' and management of hazardous waste. BRS captures detailed data from two groups: Large Quantity Generators (LQG)
and Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities.

Date of Government Version: 12/01/01
Database Release Frequency: Biennially
Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/22/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/13/04

LI,
P

CONSENT: Superfund (CERCLA) Consent Decrees
Source: Department of Justice, Consent Decree Library
Telephone: Varies
Major legal settlements that establish responsibility and standards for cleanup at NPL (Superfund) sites. Released
periodically by United States District Courts after settlement by parties to litigation matters.
Date of Government Version: 03/05/04
Database Release Frequency: Varies
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/30/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/25/04
TC01274228.1 r Page GR-2

GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED / DATA CURRENCY TRACKING

ROD: Records Of Decision
Source: EPA

Telephone: [phone] '
Record of Decision. ROD documents mandate a permanent remedy at an NPL (Superfund) site containing technical
and health information to aid in the cleanup.
Date of Government Version: 06/07/04 Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/07/04

Database Release Frequency: Annually Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/04/04 '
DELISTED NPL: National Priority List Deletions
Source: EPA
Telephone: N/A
The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) establishes the criteria that the
EPA uses to delete sites from the NPL. In accordance with 40 CFR 300.425.(e), sites may be deleted from the
NPL where no further response is appropriate.
Date of Government Version: 07/30/04 Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/03/04
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/01/04
FINDS: Facility Index System/Facility Identification Initiative Program Summary Report

Source: EPA '
Telephone: N/A
Facility Index System. FINDS contains both facility information and 'pointers' to other sources that contain more
detail. EDR includes the following FINDS databases in this report: PCS (Permit Compliance System), AIRS (Aerometric
Information Retrieval System), DOCKET (Enforcement Docket used to manage and track information on civil judicial
enforcement cases for all environmental statutes), FURS (Federal Underground Injection Control), C-DOCKET (Criminal
Docket System used to track criminal enforcement actions for all environmental statutes), FFIS (Federal Facilities
Information System), STATE (State Environmental Laws and Statutes), and PADS (PCB Activity Data System).

Date of Government Version: 04/08/04 Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/06/04 '
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/04/04
HMIRS: Hazardous Materials Information Reporting System
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation
Telephone: [phone]
Hazardous Materials Incident Report System. HMIRS contains hazardous material spill incidents reported to DOT.
Date of Government Version: 02/17/04 Date of Last EDR Contact: 04/20/04
Database Release Frequency: Annually Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 07/19/04 '
MILTS: Material Licensing Tracking System
Source: Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Telephone: [phone]
MLTS is maintained by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and contains a list of approximately 8,100 sites which
possess or use radioactive materials and which are subject to NRC licensing requirements. To maintain currency,
EDR contacts the Agency on a quarterly basis.
Date of Government Version: 07/15/04 Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/06/04 '
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/04/04
MINES: Mines Master Index File
Source: Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration
Telephone: [phone]
Date of Government Version: 06/04/04 Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/30/04
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/27/04
NPL LIENS: Federal Superfund Liens '
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
Federal Superfund Liens. Under the authority granted the USEPA by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, the USEPA has the authority to file liens against real property in order
to recover remedial action expenditures or when the property owner receives notification of potential liability.
USEPA compiles a listing of filed notices of Superfund Liens.

TC01274228.1 r Page GR-3

n

1

GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED / DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
Date of Government Version: 10/15/91
Database Release Frequency: No Update Planned
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/23/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/22104
PADS: PCB Activity Database System
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
PCB Activity Database. PADS Identifies generators, transporters, commercial storers and/or brokers and disposers
of PCB's who are required to notify the EPA of such activities.
Date of Government Version: 06/29/04
Database Release Frequency: Annually
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/10/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/08/04
DOD: Department of Defense Sites
Source: USGS
Telephone: [phone]
This data set consists of federally owned or administered lands, administered by the Department of Defense, that
have any area equal to or greater than 640 acres of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Date of Government Version: 10/01/03
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/12/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/08/04
STORMWATER: Storm Water General Permits
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
Telephone: [phone]
A listing of all facilities with Storm Water General Permits.
Date of Government Version: 02/04/04
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/06/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/04/04
INDIAN RESERV: Indian Reservations
Source: USGS
Telephone: [phone]
This map layer portrays Indian administered lands of the United States that have any area equal to or greater
than 640 acres.
Date of Government Version: 10/01103
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/12/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/08/04
US BROWNFIELDS: A Listing of Brownfields Sites
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
Telephone: [phone]
Included in the listing are brownfields properties addresses by Cooperative Agreement Recipients and brownfields
properties addressed by Targeted Brownfields Assessments. Targeted Brownfields Assessments-EPA's Targeted Brownfields
Assessments (TBA) program is designed to help states, tribes, and municipalities--especially those without EPA
Brownfields Assessment Demonstration Pilots--minimize the uncertainties of contamination often associated with
brownfields. Under the TBA program, EPA provides funding and/or technical assistance for environmental assessments
at brownfields sites throughout the country. Targeted Brownfields Assessments supplement and work with other efforts
under EPA's Brownfields Initiative to promote cleanup and redevelopment of brownfields. Cooperative Agreement
Recipients-States, political subdivisions, territories, and Indian tribes become BCRLF cooperative agreement recipients
when they enter into BCRLF cooperative agreements with the U.S. EPA. EPA selects BCRLF cooperative agreement recipients
based on a proposal and application process. BCRLF cooperative agreement recipients must use EPA funds provided
through BCRLF cooperative agreement for specified brownfields-related cleanup activities.
Date of Government Version: 07/06104
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/14/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/13/04
RMP: Risk Management Plans
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
Telephone: [phone]
When Congress passed the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, it required EPA to publish regulations and guidance
for chemical accident prevention at facilities using extremely hazardous substances. The Risk Management Program
Rule (RMP Rule) was written to implement Section 112(r) of these amendments. The rule, which built upon existing
industry codes and standards, requires companies of all sizes that use certain flammable and toxic substances
to develop a Risk Management Program, which includes a(n): Hazard assessment that details the potential effects
of an accidental release, an accident history of the last five years, and an evaluation of worst-case and alternative
accidental releases; Prevention program that includes safety precautions and maintenance, monitoring, and employee
training measures; and Emergency response program that spells out emergency health care, employee training measures
and procedures for informing the public and response agencies (e.g the fire department) should an accident occur.
TC01274228.1r Page GR-4
i
GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED 1 DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
Date of Government Version: 05/27/04
Database Release Frequency: Varies
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/23/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/22/04
FUDS: Formerly Used Defense Sites
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Telephone: [phone]
The listing includes locations of Formerly Used Defense Sites properties where the US Army Corps of Engineers
is actively working or will take necessary cleanup actions.
Date of Government Version: 12/31/03
Database Release Frequency: Varies
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/06/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/04/04
UMTRA: Uranium Mill Tailings Sites
Source: Department of Energy
Telephone: [phone]
Uranium ore was mined by private companies for federal government use in national defense programs. When the mills
shut down, large piles of the sand-like material (mill tailings) remain after uranium has been extracted from
the ore. Levels of human exposure to radioactive materials from the piles are low; however, in some cases tailings
were used as construction materials before the potential health hazards of the tailings were recognized. In 1978,
24 inactive uranium mill tailings sites in Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Pennsylvania, and on Navajo and Hopi tribal lands, were targeted for cleanup by the Department of
Energy.
Date of Government Version: 04/22/04
Database Release Frequency: Varies

Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/21/04 '
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/20/04
RAATS: RCRA Administrative Action Tracking System
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
RCRA Administration Action Tracking System. RAATS contains records based on enforcement actions issued under RCRA
pertaining to major violators and includes administrative and civil actions brought by the EPA. For administration
actions after September 30, 1995, data entry in the RAATS database was discontinued. EPA will retain a copy of
the database for historical records. It was necessary to terminate RAATS because a decrease in agency resources
made it impossible to continue to update the information contained in the database.
Date of Government Version: 04/17/95
Database Release Frequency: No Update Planned
Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/07/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/06/04
TRIS: Toxic Chemical Release Inventory System
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
Toxic Release Inventory System. TRIS identifies facilities which release toxic chemicals to the air, water and
land in reportable quantities under SARA Title 111 Section 313.
Date of Government Version: 12131/02
Database Release Frequency: Annually
Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/22/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/20/04
TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
Toxic Substances Control Act. TSCA identifies manufacturers and importers of chemical substances included on the
TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory list. It includes data on the production volume of these substances by plant
site.
Date of Government Version: 12/31/02
Database Release Frequency: Every 4 Years
Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/07/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/06/04
FTTS INSP: FIFRA/ TSCA Tracking System - FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, & Rodenticide Act)fTSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act)
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
TC01274228.1r Page GR-5
1

GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED /DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
Date of Government Version: 04/13/04
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly
Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/21/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/20/04
SSTS: Section 7 Tracking Systems
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
Section 7 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended (92 Stat. 829) requires all
registered pesticide-producing establishments to submit a report to the Environmental Protection Agency by March
1 st each year. Each establishment must report the types and amounts of pesticides, active ingredients and devices
being produced, and those having been produced and sold or distributed in the past year.
Date of Government Version: 12/31/01
Database Release Frequency: Annually
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/20/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/18/04
FTTS: FIFRA/ TSCA Tracking System - FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, & Rodenticide Act)/TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act)
' Source: EPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Telephone: [phone]
FTTS tracks administrative cases and pesticide enforcement actions and compliance activities related to FIFRA,
TSCA and EPCRA (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act). To maintain currency, EDR contacts the
' Agency on a quarterly basis.
Date of Government Version: 04/13/04 Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/21/04
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 09/20/04
1
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA ASTM STANDARD RECORDS
SHWS: Inactive Hazardous Sites Inventory
Source: Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
State Hazardous Waste Sites. State hazardous waste site records are the states' equivalent to CERCLIS. These sites
' may or may not already be listed on the federal CERCLIS list. Priority sites planned for cleanup using state funds
(state equivalent of Superfund) are identified along with sites where cleanup will be paid for by potentially
responsible parties. Available information varies by state.
Date of Government Version: 04/15/04 Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 04/15/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 05/26/04 Elapsed ASTM days: 41
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/12/04

1

SWF/LF: List of Solid Waste Facilities
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Solid Waste Facilities/Landfill Sites. SWF/LF type records typically contain an inventory of solid waste disposal
facilities or landfills in a particular state. Depending on the state, these may be active or inactive facilities
or open dumps that failed to meet RCRA Subtitle D Section 4004 criteria for solid waste landfills or disposal
sites.
Date of Government Version: 07/27/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 08/31/04
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 07/27/04
Elapsed ASTM days: 35
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/26/04
LUST: Incidents Management Database
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Leaking Underground Storage Tank Incident Reports. LUST records contain an inventory of reported leaking underground
storage tank incidents. Not all states maintain these records, and the information stored varies by state.
Date of Government Version: 06/04/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 07/09/04
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly
Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 06/08/04
Elapsed ASTM days: 31
Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/08/04
TC01274228.1r Page GR-6
GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED / DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
UST: Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Database
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Registered Underground Storage Tanks. UST's are regulated under Subtitle 1 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) and must be registered with the state department responsible for administering the UST program. Available
information varies by state program.
Date of Government Version: 06/21/04 Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 06/23/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 07/12/04 Elapsed ASTM days: 19
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly Date of Last EDR Contact: 06/11/04
OLI: Old Landfill Inventory
Source: Department of Environment & Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Date of Government Version: 04/05/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 05/26/04
Database Release Frequency: Varies
Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 04/28/04
Elapsed ASTM days: 28
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/25/04
VCP: Responsible Party Voluntary Action Sites
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Date of Government Version: 07/14/04
Date Made Active at EDR: 08/16/04
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 07/15/04
Elapsed ASTM days: 32
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/12/04
INDIAN UST: Underground Storage Tanks on Indian Land
Source: EPA Region 4
Telephone: [phone]
Date of Government Version: 10/22/03
Date Made Active at EDR: 01/09/04
Database Release Frequency: Varies
Date of Data Arrival at EDR: 12/19/03
Elapsed ASTM days: 21
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/23/04
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA ASTM SUPPLEMENTAL RECORDS
HSDS: Hazardous Substance Disposal Site
Source: North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
Telephone: [phone]
Locations of uncontrolled and unregulated hazardous waste sites. The file includes sites on the National Priority
List as well as those on the state priority list.
Date of Government Version: 06/21/95 Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/30/04
Database Release Frequency: Biennially Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/29/04
AST: AST Database
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Facilities with aboveground storage tanks that have a capacity greater than 21,000 gallons.
Date of Government Version: 01/09/04 Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/19/04

Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/18/04 '
LUST TRUST: State Trust Fund Database
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
This database contains information about claims against the State Trust Funds for reimbursements for expenses
incurred while remediating Leaking USTs.

TC01274228.1 r Page GR-7

GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED / DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
Date of Government Version: 08/06/04
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/10/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/08/04
DRYCLEANERS: Drycleaning Sites
Source: Department of Environment & Natural Resources
' Telephone: [phone]
Potential and known dryceaning sites, active and abandoned, that the Drycleaning Solvent Cleanup Program has
knowledge of and entered into this database.
Date of Government Version: 05/19/04
Database Release Frequency: Varies
IMD: Incident Management Database
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Groundwater and/or soil contamination incidents
Date of Government Version: 06/15/04
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly

EDR PROPRIETARY HISTORICAL DATABASES
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/19/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/18/04
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/27/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/25/04
' Former Manufactured Gas (Coal Gas) Sites: The existence and location of Coal Gas sites is provided exclusively to
EDR by Real Property Scan, Inc. ©Copyright 1993 Real Property Scan, Inc. For a technical description of the types
of hazards which may be found at such sites, contact your EDR customer service representative.

El

l?
Disclaimer Provided by Real Property Scan, Inc.
The information contained in this report has predominantly been obtained from publicly available sources produced by entities
other than Real Property Scan. While reasonable steps have been taken to insure the accuracy of this report, Real Property
Scan does not guarantee the accuracy of this report. Any liability on the part of Real Property Scan is strictly limited to a refund
of the amount paid. No claim is made for the actual existence of toxins at any site. This report does not constitute a legal
opinion.
BROWNFIELDS DATABASES
Brownfields: Brownfields Projects Inventory
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
A brownfield site is an abandoned, idled, or underused property where the threat of environmental contamination
has hindered its redevelopment. All of the sites in the inventory are working toward a brownfield agreement for
cleanup and liabitliy control.
Date of Government Version: 03131/04
Database Release Frequency: Varies
VCP: Responsible Party Voluntary Action Sites
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Date of Government Version: 07/14/04
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
INST CONTROL: No Further Action Sites With Land Use Restrictions Monitoring
Source: Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Date of Last EDR Contact: 08/03/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 11/01/04
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/12/04
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/11/04
TC01274228.1r Page GR-8
GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED /DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
Date of Government Version: 07/14/04
Database Release Frequency: Quarterly
Date of Last EDR Contact: 07/12104
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: 10/11/04

US BROWNFIELDS: A Listing of Brownfields Sites
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
Telephone: [phone]
Included in the listing are brownfields properties addresses by Cooperative Agreement Recipients and brownfields
properties addressed by Targeted Brownfields Assessments. Targeted Brownfields Assessments-EPA's Targeted Brownfields
Assessments (TBA) program is designed to help states, tribes, and municipalities--especially those without EPA
Brownfields Assessment Demonstration Pilots-minimize the uncertainties of contamination often associated with
brownfields. Under the TBA program, EPA provides funding and/or technical assistance for environmental assessments
at brownfields sites throughout the country. Targeted Brownfields Assessments supplement and work with other efforts
under EPA's Brownfields Initiative to promote cleanup and redevelopment of brownfields. Cooperative Agreement
Recipients-States, political subdivisions, territories, and Indian tribes become BCRLF cooperative agreement recipients
when they enter into BCRLF cooperative agreements with the U.S. EPA. EPA selects BCRLF cooperative agreement recipients
based on a proposal and application process. BCRLF cooperative agreement recipients must use EPA funds provided
through BCRLF cooperative agreement for specified brownfields-related cleanup activities.
Date of Government Version: N/A
Database Release Frequency: Semi-Annually
OTHER DATABASE(S)

Date of Last EDR Contact: N/A ,
Date of Next Scheduled EDR Contact: N/A
Depending on the geographic area covered by this report, the data provided in these specialty databases may or may not be
complete. For example, the existence of wetlands information data in a specific report does not mean that all wetlands in the
area covered by the report are included. Moreover, the absence of any reported wetlands information does not necessarily
mean that wetlands do not exist in the area covered by the report.
Oil/Gas Pipelines: This data was obtained by EDR from the USGS in 1994. It is referred to by USGS as GeoData Digital Line Graphs
from 1:100,000-Scale Maps. It was extracted from the transportation category including some oil, but primarily
gas pipelines.
Electric Power Transmission Line Data
Source: PennWell Corporation
Telephone: [phone]
This map includes information copyrighted by PennWell Corporation. This information is provided
on a best effort basis and PennWell Corporation does not guarantee its accuracy nor warrant its
fitness for any particular purpose. Such information has been reprinted with the permission of PennWell.
Sensitive Receptors: There are individuals deemed sensitive receptors due to their fragile immune systems and special sensitivity
to environmental discharges. These sensitive receptors typically include the elderly, the sick, and children. While the location of all
sensitive receptors cannot be determined, EDR indicates those buildings and facilities - schools, daycares, hospitals, medical centers,
and nursing homes - where individuals who are sensitive receptors are likely to be located.
AHA Hospitals:
Source: American Hospital Association, Inc.
Telephone: [phone]
The database includes a listing of hospitals based on the American Hospital Association's annual survey of hospitals.
Medical Centers: Provider of Services Listing
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Telephone: [phone]
A listing of hospitals with Medicare provider number, produced by Centers of Medicare & Medicaid Services,
a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Nursing Homes
Source: National Institutes of Health
Telephone: [phone]
Information on Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes in the United States.
Public Schools
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Telephone: [phone]
The National Center for Education Statistics' primary database on elementary
and secondary public education in the United States. It is a comprehensive, annual, national statistical
database of all public elementary and secondary schools and school districts, which contains data that are
comparable across all states.
TC01274228.1 r Page GR-9

17
U
GOVERNMENT RECORDS SEARCHED / DATA CURRENCY TRACKING
Private Schools
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Telephone: [phone]
The National Center for Education Statistics' primary database on private school locations in the United States.
Daycare Centers: Child Care Facility List
Source: Department of Health & Human Services
Telephone: [phone]

1

1

1
Flood Zone Data: This data, available in select counties across the country, was obtained by EDR in 1999 from the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Data depicts 100-year and 500-year flood zones as defined by FEMA.
NWI: National Wetlands Inventory. This data, available in select counties across the country, was obtained by EDR
in 2002 from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
STREET AND ADDRESS INFORMATION
© 2003 Geographic Data Technology, Inc., Rel. 07/2003. This product contains proprietary and confidential property of Geographic
Data Technology, Inc. Unauthorized use, including copying for other than testing and standard backup procedures, of this product is
expressly prohibited.
TC01274228.1 r Page GR-10
1
GEOCHECK®- PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE ADDENDUM
TARGET PROPERTY ADDRESS
LICK CREEK STREAM RESTORATION
LOWER MONCURE ROAD
SANFORD, NC 27330
TARGET PROPERTY COORDINATES
Latitude (North):
Longitude (West):
Universal Tranverse Mercator:
UTM X (Meters):
UTM Y (Meters):
Elevation:
35.515202 - 35° 30' 54.7"
79.119102 - 79° 7'8.8"
Zone 17
670566.6
3931606.8
258 ft. above sea level
EDR's GeoCheck Physical Setting Source Addendum has been developed to assist the environmental professional
with the collection of physical setting source information in accordance with ASTM 1527-00, Section 7.2.3.
Section 7.2.3 requires that a current USGS 7.5 Minute Topographic Map (or equivalent, such as the USGS Digital
Elevation Model) be reviewed. It also requires that one or more additional physical setting sources be sought
when (1) conditions have been identified in which hazardous substances or petroleum products are likely
to migrate to or from the property, and (2) more information than is provided in the current USGS 7.5 Minute
Topographic Map (or equivalent) is generally obtained, pursuant to local good commercial or customary practice,
to assess the impact of migration of recognized environmental conditions in connection with the property. Such
additional physical setting sources generally include information about the topographic, hydrologic, hydrogeologic,
and geologic characteristics of a site, and wells in the area.
Assessment of the impact of contaminant migration generally has two principle investigative components:
1. Groundwater flow direction, and
2. Groundwater flow velocity.
Groundwater flow direction may be impacted by surface topography, hydrology, hydrogeology, characteristics
of the soil, and nearby wells. Groundwater flow velocity is generally impacted by the nature of the geologic strata.
EDR's GeoCheck Physical Setting Source Addendum is provided to assist the environmental professional in
forming an opinion about the impact of potential contaminant migration.
TC01274228.1 r Page A-1

GEOCHECe - PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE SUMMARY
GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTION INFORMATION
Groundwater flow direction for a particular site is best determined by a qualified environmental professional
using site-specific well data. If such data is not reasonably ascertainable, it may be necessary to rely on other
sources of information, such as surface topographic information, hydrologic information, hydrogeologic data
collected on nearby properties, and regional groundwater flow information (from deep aquifers).
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Surface topography may be indicative of the direction of surficial groundwater flow. This information can be used to
assist the environmental professional in forming an opinion about the impact of nearby contaminated properties or,
should contamination exist on the target property, what downgradient sites might be impacted.
TARGET PROPERTY TOPOGRAPHY
USGS Topographic Map: 35079-E1 MONCURE, NC
General Topographic Gradient: General West
Source: USGS 7.5 min quad index
SURROUNDING TOPOGRAPHY: ELEVATION PROFILES
s
C
C
Q
U
i2
North
TP
A W
p ? N fT W
a
C ? ? N r
? N W W r
(O ? m m N A G W
1 ? N N W O
? N N N N
W N
West
Target Property Elevation: 258 ft.
TP
0
East
1/2 1 Miles
Source: Topography has been determined from the USGS 7.5' Digital Elevation Model and should be evaluated
on a relative (not an absolute) basis. Relative elevation information between sites of close proximity
should be field verified.
TC01274228.1 r Page A-2
GEOCHECK@ - PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE SUMMARY
I
HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION
Surface water can act as a hydrologic barrier to groundwater flow. Such hydrologic information can be used to assist
the environmental professional in forming an opinion about the impact of nearby contaminated properties or, should
contamination exist on the target property, what downgradient sites might be impacted.
Refer to the Physical Setting Source Map following this summary for hydrologic information (major waterways
and bodies of water).
FEMA FLOOD ZONE
FEMA Flood
Target Property County Electronic Data
LEE, NC Not Available
Flood Plain Panel at Target Property: Not Reported
Additional Panels in search area: Not Reported
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY
NWI Electronic
NWI Quad at Target Property Data Coverage
MONCURE YES - refer to the Overview Map and Detail Map
HYDROGEOLOGIC INFORMATION
Hydrogeologic information obtained by installation of wells on a specific site can often be an indicator
of groundwater flow direction in the immediate area. Such hydrogeologic information can be used to assist the
environmental professional in forming an opinion about the impact of nearby contaminated properties or, should
contamination exist on the target property, what downgradient sites might be impacted.
AQUIFLOW®
Search Radius: 1.000 Mile.
EDR has developed the AQUIFLOW Information System to provide data on the general direction of groundwater
flow at specific points. EDR has reviewed reports submitted by environmental professionals to regulatory
authorities at select sites and has extracted the date of the report, groundwater flow direction as determined
hydrogeologically, and the depth to water table.
LOCATION GENERAL DIRECTION
MAP ID FROM TP GROUNDWATER FLOW
Not Reported
TC01274228.1 r Page A-3
I?
?j

1

GEOCHECK® - PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE SUMMARY
GROUNDWATER FLOW VELOCITY INFORMATION
Groundwater flow velocity information for a particular site is best determined by a qualified environmental professional
using site specific geologic and soil strata data. If such data are not reasonably ascertainable, it may be necessary
to rely on other sources of information, including geologic age identification, rock stratigraphic unit and soil
characteristics data collected on nearby properties and regional soil information. In general, contaminant plumes
move more quickly through sandy-gravelly types of soils than silty-clayey types of soils.
GEOLOGIC INFORMATION IN GENERAL AREA OF TARGET PROPERTY
Geologic information can be used by the environmental professional in forming an opinion about the relative speed
at which contaminant migration may be occurring.
ROCK STRATIGRAPHIC UNIT
GEOLOGIC AGE IDENTIFICATION
Era: Mesozoic Category: Stratified Sequence
System: Triassic
Series: Triassic
Code: Tr (decoded above as Era, System & Series)
Geologic Age and Rock Stratigraphic Unit Source: P.G. Schruben, R.E. Arndt and W.J. Bawiec, Geology
of the Conterminous U.S. at 1:2,500,000 Scale - a digital representation of the 1974 P.B. King and H.M. Beikman
Map, USGS Digital Data Series DDS -11 (1994).
DOMINANT SOIL COMPOSITION IN GENERAL AREA OF TARGET PROPERTY
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Soil Conservation Service (SCS) leads the National Cooperative Soil
Survey (NCSS) and is responsible for collecting, storing, maintaining and distributing soil survey information
for privately owned lands in the United States. A soil map in a soil survey is a representation of soil patterns
in a landscape. Soil maps for STATSGO are compiled by generalizing more detailed (SSURGO) soil survey maps.
The following information is based on Soil Conservation Service STATSGO data.
Soil Component Name: MAYODAN
Soil Surface Texture: sandy loam
Hydrologic Group: Class B - Moderate infiltration rates. Deep and moderately deep,
moderately well and well drained soils with moderately coarse
textures.
Soil Drainage Class: Well drained. Soils have intermediate water holding capacity. Depth to
water table is more than 6 feet.
Hydric Status: Soil does not meet the requirements for a hydric soil.
Corrosion Potential - Uncoated Steel: HIGH
Depth to Bedrock Min: > Winches
Depth to Bedrock Max: > 60 inches
TC01274228.1 r Page A-4

GEOCHECe - PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE SUMMARY
Soil Layer Information
Boundary Classification
Layer Upper Lower Soil Texture Class AASHTO Group Unified Soil Permeability Soil Reaction
Rate (in/hr) (pH)
1 0 inches 12 inches sandy loam Granular COARSE-GRAINED Max: 6.00 Max: 6.00
materials (35 SOILS, Sands, Min: 2.00 Min: 4.50
pct. or less Sands with
passing No. fines, Silty
200), Silty, or Sand.
Clayey Gravel
and Sand.
2 12 inches 18 inches silty clay loam Silt-Clay FINE-GRAINED Max: 2.00 Max: 6.00
Materials (more SOILS, Silts Min: 0.60 Min: 4.50
than 35 pct. and Clays
passing No. (liquid limit
200), Silty less than 50%),
Soils. Lean Clay
3 18 inches 47 inches clay Silt-Clay FINE-GRAINED Max: 2.00 Max: 5.50
Materials (more SOILS, Silts Min: 0.60 Min: 4.50
than 35 pct. and Clays
passing No. (liquid limit
200), Clayey 50% or more),
Soils. Elastic silt.
4 47 inches Winches variable Not reported Not reported Max: 0.00 Max: 0.00
Min: 0.00 Min: 0.00
OTHER SOIL TYPES IN AREA
Based on Soil Conservation Service STATSGO data, the following additional subordinant soil types may
appear within the general area of target property.
Soil Surface Textures: silt loam
fine sandy loam
channery - silt loam
clay loam
loam
Surficial Soil Types: silt loam
fine sandy loam
channery - silt loam
clay loam
loam
Shallow Soil Types: loam
sandy clay loam
clay
very channery - silt loam
silt loam
Deeper Soil Types: unweathered bedrock
weathered bedrock
loamy sand
TC01274228.1 r Page A-5

GEOCHECW - PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE SUMMARY
ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD SOURCES
According to ASTM E 1527-00, Section 7.2.2, "one or more additional state or local sources of environmental
records may be checked, in the discretion of the environmental professional, to enhance and supplement federal
and state sources... Factors to consider in determining which local or additional state records, if
any, should be checked include (1) whether they are reasonably ascertainable, (2) whether they are sufficiently
useful, accurate, and complete in light of the objective of the records review (see 7.1.1), and (3) whether they
are obtained, pursuant to local, good commercial or customary practice." One of the record sources listed in Section
7.2.2 is water well information. Water well information can be used to assist the environmental professional in
assessing sources that may impact groundwater flow direction, and in forming an opinion about the impact of
contaminant migration on nearby drinking water wells.
WELL SEARCH DISTANCE INFORMATION
DATABASE SEARCH DISTANCE (miles)
Federal USGS 1.000
Federal FRDS PWS Nearest PWS within 1 mile
State Database 1.000
FEDERAL USGS WELL INFORMATION
LOCATION
MAP ID WELL ID FROM TP
No Wells Found
FEDERAL FRDS PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM INFORMATION
LOCATION
MAP ID WELL ID FROM TP
No PWS System Found
Note: PWS System location is not always the same as well location.
STATE DATABASE WELL INFORMATION
LOCATION
MAP ID WELL ID FROM TP
1 NCWS006414 1/2 -1 Mile SE
TC01274228.1 r Page A-6
PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE MAP - 01274228.1 r

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-41-51
\.
340 - '•. : ,.. i %;' I
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/
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\ \? \ •,\
J

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L ?.
z.:W
N county Boundary
/v Major Roads
Contour Lines
OO Earthquake epicenter, Richter 5 or greater
® Water Wells
© Public Water Supply Wells
Iii Cluster of Multiple Icons
0 1/4 1/2 1 Miles
Groundwater Flow Direction Wildlife Areas
c Indeterminate Groundwater Flow at Location 44 Natural Areas
h_ _..,..
Cc DV, Groundwater Flow Varies at Location p Rare & Endangered Species
TARGET PROPERTY: Lick Creek Stream Restoration CUSTOMER: URS Corporation
ADDRESS: Lower Moncure Road CONTACT: Tina Randazzo
CITY/STATE/ZIP: SANFORD NC 27330 INQUIRY#: 01274228.1r
LAT/LONG: 35.5152 / 79.1191 DATE: September 22, 2004 7:44 pm
Copyright - 2004 EDR, Inc. (0 2003 GDT, Inc. Rel. 0712003. All Rights Reserved.

GEOCHECK@-- PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE MAP FINDINGS
Map ID
Direction
Distance
Elevation
Database EDR ID Number
1
SE
1/2 -1 Mile
Higher
Site Name: WELL #1
PWS ID: 0353423
City: SANFORD
County: Lee
Latitude: 353018.036
Availability: Permanent
Type: Ground
Owner: UNITY BAPTIST CHURCH
NC WELLS NCWS006414
Source code: W01
Longitude: 790629.687
Depth: 0
TC01274228.1 r Page A-8
GEOCHECK®- PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE MAP FINDINGS
RADON
AREA RADON INFORMATION
State Database: NC Radon
Radon Test Results
County Result Type Total Sites Avg pCi/L
LEE Statistical 5 0.54
LEE Non-Statistical 135 1.19
Federal EPA Radon Zone for LEE County: 3
Note: Zone 1 indoor average level > 4 pCi/L.
Zone 2 indoor average level - 2 pCi/L and - 4 pCi/L.
Zone 3 indoor average level < 2 pCi/L.
Range pCi/L
-0.40-1.20
0.00-6.00
Federal Area Radon Information for Zip Code: 27330
Number of sites tested: 6
Area Average Activity % <4 pCi/L % 4-20 pCi/L % >20 pCi/L
Living Area -1 st Floor 0.600 pCi/L 100% 0% 0%
Living Area - 2nd Floor Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported
Basement Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported
TC01274228.1 r Page A-9
t

PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE RECORDS SEARCHED
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
USGS 7.5' Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Source: United States Geologic Survey
EDR acquired the USGS 7.5' Digital Elevation Model in 2002.7.5-Minute DEMs correspond to the USGS
1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale topographic quadrangle maps.
'
HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION
Flood Zone Data: This data, available in select counties across the country, was obtained by EDR in 1999 from the Federal
' Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Data depicts 100-year and 500-year flood zones as defined by FEMA.
NWI: National Wetlands Inventory. This data, available in select counties across the country, was obtained by EDR
' in 2002 from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
HYDROGEOLOGIC INFORMATION
AQUIFLOWR Information System
Source: EDR proprietary database of groundwater flow information
EDR has developed the AQUIFLOW Information System (AIS) to provide data on the general direction of groundwater
flow at specific points. EDR has reviewed reports submitted to regulatory authorities at select sites and has
extracted the date of the report, hydrogeologically determined groundwater flow direction and depth to water table
' information.

GEOLOGIC INFORMATION
Geologic Age and Rock Stratigraphic Unit
Source: P.G. Schruben, R.E. Arndt and W.J. Bawiec, Geology of the Conterminous U.S. at 1:2,500,000 Scale - A digital
representation of the 1974 P.B. King and H.M. Beikman Map, USGS Digital Data Series DDS - 11 (1994).
STATSGO: State Soil Geographic Database
Source: Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Services
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) leads the national
Conservation Soil Survey (NCSS) and is responsible for collecting, storing, maintaining and distributing soil
survey information for privately owned lands in the United States. A soil map in a soil survey is a representation
of soil patterns in a landscape. Soil maps for STATSGO are compiled by generalizing more detailed (SSURGO)
soil survey maps.
ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD SOURCES
FEDERAL WATER WELLS
PWS: Public Water Systems
Source: EPA/Office of Drinking Water
Telephone: [phone]
Public Water System data from the Federal Reporting Data System. A PWS is any water system which provides water to at
least 25 people for at least 60 days annually. PWSs provide water from wells, rivers and other sources.
PWS ENF: Public Water Systems Violation and Enforcement Data
' Source: EPA/Office of Drinking Water
Telephone: [phone]
Violation and Enforcement data for Public Water Systems from the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) after
August 1995. Prior to August 1995, the data came from the Federal Reporting Data System (FRDS).
' USGS Water Wells: USGS National Water Inventory System (NWIS)
This database contains descriptive information on sites where the USGS collects or has collected data on surface
water and/or groundwater. The groundwater data includes information on wells, springs, and other sources of groundwater.

TC01274228.1 r Page A-10
PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCE RECORDS SEARCHED
STATE RECORDS
NC Natural Areas: Significant Natural Heritage Areas
Source: Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
Telephone: [phone]
A polygon converage identifying sites (terrestrial or aquatic that have particular biodiversity significance.
A site's significance may be due to the presenceof rare species, rare or hight quality natural communities, or
other important ecological features.
NC Game Lands: Wildlife Resources Commission Game Lands
Source: Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
Telephone: [phone]
All publicly owned game lands managed by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and as listed in Hunting
and Fishing Maps.
NC Natural Heritage Sites: Natural Heritage Element Occurrence Sites
Source: Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
Telephone: [phone]
A point coverage identifying locations of rare and endangered species, occurrences of exemplary or unique natural
ecosystems (terrestrial or aquatic), and special animal habitats (e.g., colonial waterbird nesting sites).
North Carolina Public Water Supply Wells
Source: Department of Environmental Health
Telephone: [phone]
RADON
State Database: NC Radon
Source: Department of Environment & Natural Resources
Telephone: [phone]
Radon Statistical and Non Statiscal Data
Area Radon Information
Source: USGS
Telephone: [phone]
The National Radon Database has been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) and is a compilation of the EPA/State Residential Radon Survey and the National Residential Radon Survey.
The study covers the years 1986 -1992. Where necessary data has been supplemented by information collected at
private sources such as universities and research institutions.
EPA Radon Zones
Source: EPA
Telephone: [phone]
Sections 307 & 309 of IRAA directed EPA to list and identify areas of U.S. with the potential for elevated indoor
radon levels.
OTHER
Airport Landing Facilities: Private and public use landing facilities
Source: Federal Aviation Administration, 800-457-6656
Epicenters: World earthquake epicenters, Richter 5 or greater
Source: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
TC01274228.1 r Page A-11

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Fi

I Environmental Screening Inspection Form

11

0

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING INSPECTION (ESI) FORM
The objective of the ESI is to have an Inspector screen a property for the visual presence of the items
' listed on this form without making an evaluation of the conditions or history of the observed concerns.
This ESI Form defines the scope of work to be performed in a checklist format, and also serves as the
report document once the Inspector has recorded the observations taken during the inspection, and has
attached the site plan and photographs.
This form was completed in the field by an Inspector who conducted a non-destructive visual inspection of
the subject property to document observations on-site and, to the extent possible, on the adjacent
properties. The inspector did not disturb, dismantle or rearrange any materials, containers or equipment
in performance of the inspection.
' The entire subject property was covered in a manner conducive to observing and recording evidence of
environmental concern. Photographs depicting the general overall condition of the site as well as each
item of environmental concern are included.
1. Subject Site Description
Site Name: Lick Creek Stream Restoration Site
Address/Location: Lower Moncure Road
' City: Sanford County: Lee State: North Carolina
' Size: 40 acres
Current Landuse(s): Agricultural and Forested
Number of buildings: 0 ? occupied 0 ? unoccupied
Site Improvements: ® undeveloped land ? paving & utility improvements ? buildings ? fenced
Utilities Serving the Subject Property:
? city sewer ? septic system ? electricity ? gas
? city water ? well water ? telephone

Date Sept. 23, 2004

11. On-Site Industrial/Manufacturing Activity Checklist:
The following observations were made of industrial/manufacturing activities currently in operation
and/or evidence indicating such previous activities on the subject site:
1. agricultural or horticultural production ® Yes ? No
2. airport or aircraft maintenance ? Yes ® No
3. analytical testing laboratories ? Yes ® No
4. asphalt or cement plant ? Yes ® No
5. chemical manufacturing or treatment ? Yes ® No
6. dairy, meat or food processing ? Yes ® No
7. dry cleaning facilities ? Yes ® No
8. explosive manufacturing ? Yes ® No
9. foundries, smelters or casting operations ? Yes ® No
10. freight terminals ? Yes ® No
11. gasoline station or convenience store ? Yes ® No
12. herbicide or pesticide manufacturing ? Yes ® No
13. incineration furnace or air emissions ? Yes ® No
14. inks, dye and paint manufacturing or use ? Yes ® No
15. junk or scrap yard ? Yes ® No
16. landfill or open dump ? Yes ® No
17. livestock feed lots or manure stockpiles ? Yes ® No
18. machine shops ? Yes ® No
19. metal fabrication or production ? Yes ® No
20. metal plating or finishing ? Yes ® No
21. military base ? Yes ® No
22. mining or quarry activities ? Yes ® No
23. motor vehicle maintenance or repairs ? Yes ® No
24. oil and gas production or refining ? Yes ® No
25. paper manufacturing ? Yes ® No
26. pharmaceutical or medical production ? Yes ® No
27. photochemical laboratories ? Yes ® No
28. plastic or fiberglass fabrication or manufacturing ? Yes ® No
29. power plant ? Yes ® No
30. printing industries ? Yes ® No
31. railroad yard or spur ? Yes ® No
32. treatment, storage & disposal (TDS) facility ? Yes ® No
33. vehicle or equipment de-greasing or washing ? Yes ® No
34. waste treatment process ? Yes ® No
35. wood preservation or finishing ? Yes ® No
36. fertilizer manufacturing ? Yes ® No
Description of the overall appearance of the subject property and observed industrial/manufacturing
activities (if any):
The subject property is undeveloped forest land with agricultural fields. No industrial/manufacturing
activities were observed.
Date Sept. 23, 2004

I I
0

kli
t
III. s
:
On-Site Inspection Chec
' Evidence of the following operations/conditions was observed on the subject property:
1. floor drains, septic systems ? Yes ® No
2. damaged/leaking transformers ? Yes ® No
' 3. heavy equipment, tankers, spray rigs, paint booths ? Yes ® No
4. storage containers, drums ? Yes ® No
5. chemical, petroleum, foul odors ? Yes ® No
6. dumping, disturbed soil, direct burial activity, injection
' wells, other disposal activities ? Yes ® No
7. surface impoundments/holding ponds
(other than storm water retention) ? Yes ® No
8. waste water discharges ? Yes ® No
.
9. sumps, hydraulic lifts/equipment ? Yes ® No
10. ASTs, USTs, fill pipes, vent pipes, vaults, UST
manhole covers, pumping equipment, patched areas
' of asphalt or concrete indicative of previous UST
locations or repairs ? Yes ® No
11. monitoring wells, piezometers, other subsurface
monitoring devices, remedial activities ? Yes ® No
12. stained/discolored soil ? Yes ® No
13. leachate or seeps ? Yes ® No
14. chemically distressed, discolored, stained vegetation ? Yes ® No
15. chemical spills/releases ? Yes ® No
16. petroleum sheens on water
(excluding parking lot ponding) ? Yes ® No
17. other ? Yes ® No
' Description of identified environmental concerns (if any):
No environmental concerns were identified on the subject property.

r
I NOTES:

11
Date Sept. 23, 2004

IV. Adiacent/Abuttina Property Checklist:
The inspector has observed and documented land uses, business operations, and conditions of concern
on all adjacent/abutting properties, from the boundaries of the subject property and from public streets,
alleys, sidewalks, etc. An "abutting property" means those sites that share a common property boundary
with the subject site, while "adjacent property" means those sites separated from the subject site by an
easement, such as a street, highway, railroad, etc.
A. The adjacent property(s) to the North (direction) is:
® uphill from ? downhill from ? level with, the subject site.
Current use(s) Rural Residential and Agricultural ® occupied ? unoccupied
Observed concerns: ? chemical spills/releases ? chemical odors
? underground storage tanks ? aboveground storage tanks ? stained soil
? impoundments/holding ponds ? drums/containers ? dumping
? remediation/clean-up activity ? landfill/burial activity ? monitoring wells
? industrial/manufacturing activity ? wastewater discharge ? air emissions
Comments: No environmental concerns noted.

B. The adjacent property(s) to the South (direction) is:
® uphill from ? downhill from ? level with, the subject site.
Current use(s) Rural Residential, ® occupied ? unoccupied
Forested, Agricultural
Observed concerns: ? chemical spills/releases ? chemical odors
? underground storage tanks ? aboveground storage tanks ? stained soil
? impoundments/holding ponds ? drums/containers ? dumping
? remediation/clean-up activity ? landfill/burial activity ? monitoring wells
? industrial/manufacturing activity ? wastewater discharge ? air emissions
Comments: No environmental concerns noted.
Date Sept. 23, 2004

1
11

u

L

i

0

0

C. The adjacent property(s) to the East (direction) is:
® uphill from ? downhill from ? level with, the subject site.
Current use(s) Forested [ occupied ® unoccupied

Observed concerns: ? chemical spills/releases ? chemical odors
? underground storage tanks ? aboveground storage tanks ? stained soil
? impoundments/holding ponds ? drums/containers ? dumping
? remediation/clean-up activity ? landfill/burial activity ? monitoring wells
? industrial/manufacturing activity ? wastewater discharge ? air emissions
Comments: No environmental con cerns noted.
D. The adjacent property(s) to the West (direction) is:
® uphill from ? downhill from ? level with, the subject site.
Current use(s) Chicken Farm, Rural ® occupied ? unoccupied
Residential, and Agricultural
Observed concerns: ? chemical spills/releases ? chemical odors
? underground storage tanks ? aboveground storage tanks ? stained soil
? impoundments/holding ponds ? drums/containers ? dumping
? remediation/clean-up activity ? landfill/burial activity ? monitoring wells
? industrial/manufacturing activity ? wastewater discharge ? air emissions
Comments: No environmental concerns noted.
Date Sept. 23, 2004

7

n
C

F

PAYMENT
RECEIVED
051097
June 15, 2005
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615
ATTENTION: Jean Manuele, Chief
Raleigh Field Office
JUN 1 7 2005
aft Qup'?_Iv
ADS ANA STWA gkpplCH
SUBJECT: Application for Nationwide 27 Permit for the Construction/Restoration of
8,500 Linear Feet of New Channel Reaches for Lick Creek and Wallace
Branch in the Cape Fear River Basin CU 03030004; Lee County
Restoration Systems, LLC (RS) is pleased to submit a pre-construction notification of proposed
stream restoration activities for 8,500 linear feet of Lick Creek and Wallace Branch located
northeast of Sanford in Lee County. These stream reaches have been severely degraded due to
unrestricted use by livestock. This full delivery project was proposed by RS to address needs
identified by the Ecosystem Enhancement Program in the Cape Fear 03030004 watershed.
Seven copies of this application and its attachments/enclosures are being provided to the Division
of Water Quality. A separate application package including Sedimentation and Erosion Control
plans is being sent to the North Carolina Division of Land Quality.
In addition to construction plan sheets (11" x 17") this application package contains a copy of the
Feasibility Study, the Stream Restoration Plan, the conservation easement (and survey), NCDWQ
Stream Classification Forms, and the Categorical Exclusion (CE) Action Classification Form,
signed by the Federal Highway Administration. Please note that Section 7 (ESA) and Section
106 (NHPA) are addressed in the Feasibility Study.
Please review the attached/enclosed exhibits as you process this application leading to issuance of
the NWP 27. Please submit any questions to M. Randall Turner in Raleigh at 755-9490.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely
M. Randall Turner
Enclosures/Attachments
Cc: Cyndi Karoly, DWQ (7 copies/Check for $475.00)
Rob Bailey, P.E., URS Corp.
Worth Creech, RS
Pilot Mill • 1101 Havnes St.. Suite 107 • Ralei&NC 27604 • www.restorationsystems.com • Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
• .1
Office Use Only:
PAYMENT
RECEIVED
Form Version March 05
No. ®5 1 0 9 7
DwQ
US c
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
ACE A tion ID No
1. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ? Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: Nationwide 27
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ?
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details checgf D
D ?v U
II. Applicant Information ,1UN 17 2005
1. Owner/Applicant Information DENR _wpTER nUALI'
Name: Georg A. Howard
Mailing Address: Restoration S stems LLC
_ 1101 Haynes Street Suite 107
Raleigh, NC 27604
Telephone Number: 91.9-755-9490 Fax Number: 919-755-9492
E-mail Address: eor e restorations stems.com
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number:
E-mail Address:_
Fax Number:
Page 1 of 9
11.1. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other snaps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Naive of project: Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project see enclosed Stream Restoration Plan)
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): N/A
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): Portions of the following properties are enrolled in
the conservation easement: 9664-4.2-2507-00 9664-51-6788-00, 9664-32-6352-00, 9664-32-034.9-
00 9664-43-2455-00 and 9664-64-8054-00. The parcel is described in a deed recorded in Deed
Book 948, at Page 339 of the Lee County Registry North Carolina (See Attachment A and B).
4. Location
County:_
Nearest Town: Sanford
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): N/A
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.): See Figures 1 and 2 of the
enclosed Restoration Plan for Vicinity Map and Project Location Map Take US 1 South into Lee
County. Turn left onto Colon Rd Cross Post Office Rd. and take the next left onto Riddle
Road. Dead end into Lower Moncure Road and turn right The project stream is at the first bridge.
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): 35.515200 ON 79.119100 °W
6. Property size (acres): approximately 54 acres - Conservation Easement See Attachment A for the
conservation easement survey and prot?erty information),
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Lick Creek and Wallace Branch
8. River Basin: Cape Fear 03030004
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at httn://h2o.enr state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
Page 2 of 9
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application:_ The reaches of Lick Creels and Wallace Branch designated for
restoration are highly degraded due to unrestricted livestock access, channelization, riparian
vegetation removal, agricultural ditchin and increasing non-point source runoff from the d.evelopinc
watershed. The area surrounding the project site consists primarily of forest, pasture, and agriculture,
with some residential development and secondary surface transportation routes. A full description of
existing conditions can be found in Chapter 3 of the enclosed Stream Restoration Plan. The following
relevant figures are also found in the Restoration Plan: Figure 4: Watershed Land Cover: Fi&ure 5:
Project Site Aerial Photograph, Figure 6: Project Site Soils Map Project Site Existing Conditions
Photographs are shown in Appendix A of the Stream Restoration Plan.
10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: The
proposed project involves Priority 1 restoration of 5,000 LF of Lick Creek and 3,500 LF of Wallace
Branch. The restoration design will create an additional 1,000 LF of stream channel for a total
restored stream length of 9,500 LF. Restoration activities include constructing a new stable stream
channel, installing natural instream habitat and grade/bank stabilization structures riparian plantings,
and livestock exclusion fencing. The project also includes the creation of six pocket wetlands
Equipment to be used during construction may include an excavator, skid-steer, front-end loader, and
dump truck. The proposed restoration design is shown in Sheets 1-6, presented as Figure 11, in the
enclosed Stream Restoration Plan.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: The proposed project is being conducted as a full-
delivery project for the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program CEEP) The purpose of
the project is to restore a degraded section of Lick Creek and Wallace Branch in order to improve
local water quality, enhance flood attenuation and restore aquatic and riparian habitat. This project
will provide 9,500 LF of Stream Mitigation Units within the Cape Fear River Basin Cataloging Unit
(CU) 03030004 for the NCEEP.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USAGE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules. None.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
Page 3 of 9
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: As the proposed meandering
stream channel is constructed across the existing channel footprint, parts of the existing channel will
be filled. However the total stream length will be increased from 8,500 to 9,500 LF, for a net gain of
1,000 LF. No wetlands will be impacted by the project However, six pocket wetlands will be
created for a total acreage of approximately 0.76 acres. See Plan Sheets 1-6 of the Restoration Plan
for a plan view of the proposed design. See Attachment C for stream evaluation forms. Photos of the
existing site are provided in Appendix A of the Restoration Plan.
2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact Type of Wetland
(e.g., forested, marsh,
herbaceous, bog, etc.) Located within
100-year
Floodplain
(yes/no) Distance to
Nearest
Stream
(Linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)

Total Wetland Impact (acres) 0
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: An area to the
northwest of the confluence of Lick Creek and Wallace Branch was identified as a
Piedn-iont/Mountain Bottomland Forest community. This area appears to be subject to saturated
conditions and may be considered a wetland. Approximately one-half to one acre of this area lies
within the project site/conservation easement boundary and none of the area will be impacted by the
stream desi or construction. The portion within the conservation easement boundaEY will be
preserved. in perpetuity.
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
Page 4 of 9
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must he included. calculate acreage. multiply length X width. then divide by 43,560.
Stream Impact
Perennial Average Impact Area of
Number Stream Name Type of Impact Intermittent? Stream Width Length Impact
indicate on map) Before Impact linear feet acres)
Reach A and B Wallace Branch Temporary
(Restoration) Perennial 20 ft 3,500 1.6
Reach C, D, and E Lick Creels Temporary
(Restoration) Perennial 30 ft 5,000 3.4

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 8,500 5.0
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill- excavation_ dredging- flooding. drainage. bulkheads. etc.
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma) Name of Waterbody

(if applicable)
Type of Impact Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,
ocean, etc.) Area of
Impact
acres

Total Open Water Impact (acres) 0
6. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resulting from the project:
Stream Impact (acres): 5
Wetland Impact (acres): 0
Open Water Impact (acres): 0
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 5
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 8,500
7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ? Yes Z No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USAGE.
8. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): N/A
Page 5 of 9
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.): N/A
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond: N/A
Size of watershed draining to pond: N/A Expected pond surface area: N/A
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. Avoidance: In order to restore
lost functions to Lick Creek, it was necessary to reconfigure its pattern, profile and dimensions.
Excavating a totally new chamnel, separate from the existing channel, would not have been
practicable due to the large volume of surplus waste (soil) to be displaced.
Minimization.: A tpmporary pump-around system will be utilized during construction, and each
section will be stabilized as it is completed. All appropriate erosion and sediment control
practices will be utilized.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Peirnits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
hqp:/I.i2o_enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlajads/strm ide.html.
Page 6 of 9
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
The mitigation plan is described in the enclosed Stream Restoration Plan. The plan
provides 9,500 LF of Priority I stream restoration for the EEP in Cape Fear Cataloging Unit
03030004. Site location is given in Figures 1 and 2. Affected streams are Lick Creels and
Wallace Branch. The plan view representing the proposed design is shown on Sheets 1-6 of
the enclosed Restoration Plan. A permanent conservation easement for the site was recorded
in Lee County on December 6, 2004 (Deed Book 948, Page 339).
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http:/l120.enr.state.nc.us/vvr Ondex.htrn. If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes N No El
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No N
3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes N No N
A Categorical Exclusion document pursuant to NEPA was submitted to FHWA. See Attachment
D for a copy of the approval letter from FHWA.
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
Page 7 of 9
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ? No
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multiuliers.
Zone* Impact
(square feet Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 3 (2 for Catawba)
2 1.5
Total
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
3. If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, or Payment into the
Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified
within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0244, or .0260. N/A
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level.
No change _in impervious acreage is proposed
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
No wastewater generation is associated with this project.
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Page 8 of 9
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 211.0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application? Yes ? No Z
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ? No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http://h2o.enr.state.ne.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
This stream restoration site will be protected by a permanent conservation easement, which prohibits anX
future development, agriculture, or timbering activities on the site. See Attachment B for a copy of the
"Wallace and Lick Creels Site" Conservation Easement recorded December 6 2004.
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these pen-nits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
,A IZ--All (5/14/cs-
Applicant/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 9 of 9
ATTACHMENT A
Conservation Easement Survey
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ATTACHMENT B
Conservation Easement Document
0948
0339
F1LED
LEE COUNTY
MOLLIE A. MCINNIS
REGISTER OF DEEDS
FILED Dec 08, 2004
AT 12:26:14 pm
BOOK 00948
START PAGE 0339
L« CQ=q 12-W2W4 END PAGE 0345
NORTH CAROLINA INSTRUMENT # 11912
Real Fstets
Excise Tax $15 .i14 BK:00948 PG:0339
?XGSe 7AX : 76-0.0
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
CONSERVATION EASEMENT
COUNTY OF LEE
Prepared by and return to:
William P. Aycock 11, Esquire
P. 0, Box 21847
Greensboro, North Carolina 27401
THIS CONSERVATION EASEMENT DEED, made this (DfN day of
'D2cew+6¢r , 2004, by and between DAVID THOMAS PATTERSON, Grantor,
and RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC, a North Carolina limited liability company with its
principal place of business located at 1101 Haynes Street, Suite 107, Raleigh, North
Carolina, 27605, Grantee. The designations Grantor and Grantee as used herein shall include
said parties, their heirs, successors, and assigns, and shall include singular, plural, masculine,
feminine, or neuter as required by context.
WHEREAS, pursuant to the provisions of N,C. Gen. Stat. § 143-214.8 et M. the
State of North Carolina has established the Ecosystem Enhancement Program within the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources for the purposes of funding, acquiring,
maintaining, restoring, enhancing, and creating wetland and riparian resources that contribute
to the protection and improvement of water quality, flood prevention, fisheries, aquatic
habitat, wildlife habitat, and recreational opportunities; and
WHEREAS, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the North
Carolina Department of Transportation and the United States Army Corps of Engineers,
Wilmington District have entered into a Memorandum of Agreement, (MOA) duly executed
by all parties on July 22, 2003. This MOA recognizes that the Ecosystem Enhancement
Program is to provide for compensatory mitigation by effective protection of the land and
natural resources of the State by restoring, enhancing and preserving ecosystem functions;
150137_ 1.DOC
0340
and
BK:00948 PG:0340
WHEREAS, Grantor owns in fee simple certain real property situated, lying, and
being in East Sanford Township, Lee County, North Carolina (the "Protected Property"), and
being more particularly described as a portion of the parcel of land described_in a deed
recorded in Deed Book 250, at Page 412 of the Lee County Registry, North Carolina; and
WHEREAS, the restoration, enhancement, creation, and preservation of the Protected
Property is a condition of the funding provided by the N.C. Ecosystem Enhancement
Program. Grantor and Grantee agree that third-party rights of access, monitoring,
enforcement and completion of any project encumbered by this conservation easement shall
be held by the N.C. Ecosystem Enhancement Program (to include any successor State
agencies), and that these rights are in addition to, and do not limit, the rights of enforcement
under this conservation easement; and
WHEREAS, Grantor is willing to grant a Conservation Easement on a portion of the
Protected Property, thereby restricting and limiting the use of a portion of the Protected
Property to the terms and conditions and for the purposes hereinafter set forth, and Grantee is
willing to accept such easement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants, terms, conditions,
and restrictions hereinafter set forth, Grantor, unconditionally and irrevocably hereby grants
and conveys unto Grantee, its successors and assigns, forever and in perpetuity, a
Conservation Easement of the nature and character and to the extent hereinafter set forth,
over a portion of the Protected Property, referred to hereafter as the Easement Area, for the
benefit of the people of North Carolina, and being all of the tract ofaand as identified"
Tract "D" as shown on a plat of survey entitled "'Wallace & Lick Creek, Site" dated ] 0/21%04,
certified by K2M Design Group, and'recorded in Plat Cabinet 10, Slide 561, Lee'County
Registry and being more particularly described as follows:
SEE EXHIBIT "A" ATTACHED HERETO AND INCORPORATED
HEREIN BY REFERENCE.
The purposes of this Conservation Easement are to preserve, maintain, restore, enhance,
and create wetland and/or riparian resources in the Easement Area that contributes to the
protection and improvement of water quality, flood prevention, fisheries, aquatic habitat,
wildlife habitat, and recreational opportunities; to maintain permanently the Easement Area in
its natural condition, consistent with these purposes; and to prevent any use of the Easement
Area that will significantly impair or interfere with these purposes. To achieve these
purposes, the following conditions and;restrictions are set forth:
I. DURATION OF EASEMENT
This Conservation Easement shall be perpetual. It is an easement in gross, runs with
the land, and is enforceable by Grantee against Grantor, their personal representatives, heirs,
successors, and assigns, lessees, agents, and licensees.
0948
0341
BK:O0948 PG:0341
II. RESERVED USES AND RESTRICTED ACTIVITES
The Easement Area shall be restricted from any development or usage that would
impair or interfere with the purposes of this Conservation Easement. Unless expressly
reserved as a compatible use herein, any activity in, or use of, the Easement Area by the
Grantor is prohibited as inconsistent with the purposes of this Conservation Easement. Any
rights not expressly reserved hereunder by the Grantor have been acquired by the Grantee.
The following specific uses are prohibited, restricted, or reserved as indicated:
A. Recreational Uses. Grantor expressly reserves the right to undeveloped
recreational uses, including hunting and fishing, and access to the Easement
Area for the purposes thereof. Usage of motorized vehicles in the Easement Area
is prohibited.
B. Educational Uses. The Grantor reserves the right to undeveloped educational
uses and the right of access to the Easement Area for such purposes including
organized educational activities such as site visits, studies, and observations.
C. Vegetative Cutting. Cutting, removal, mowing, harming, or destruction of any
vegetation in the Easement Area is prohibited.
D. Industrial Use. Industrial activities in the Easement Area are prohibited.
E. Residential Use. Residential use of the Easement Area is prohibited.
F. Commercial Use. Commercial activities in the Easement Area are prohibited.
G. Agricultural Use. Agricultural use of the Easement Area including use for
cropland, waste lagoons, or pastureland is prohibited.
H. New Construction. There shall be no building, facility, mobile home, or other
structure constructed or placed in the Easement Area.
1. Signs. No signs shall be permitted in the Easement Area except interpretive
signs describing restoration activities and the conservation values of the
Easement Area, signs identifying the owner of the Protected Property and the
holder of the Conservation Easement, and signs giving directions or
proscribing rules and regulations for the use of the Easement Area.
J. Dumping. Dumping of soil, trash, ashes, garbage, waste, abandoned vehicles,
appliance or machinery, or other material in the Easement Area is prohibited.
K. Grading, Mineral Use, Excavation, Dredging. There shall be no grading,
filling, excavation, dredging, mining, or drilling; no removal of topsoil, sand,
gravel, rock, peat, minerals, or other materials.
L Water Quality and Drainage Patterns. There shall be no diking, draining,
dredging, channeling, filling, leveling, pumping, impounding or related
activities, or altering or tampering with water control structures or devices, or
disruption or alteration of the restored, enhanced, or created drainage patterns.
In addition, diverting of causing or permitting the diversion of surface or
underground water into, within or out of the easement area by any means,
removal of wetlands, polluting or discharging into waters, springs, seeps, or
wetlands, or use of pesticide or bi6cides is prohibited.
M. Subdivision. Subdivision, partitioning, or dividing the Easement Area is
prohibited.
N. Development Rights. No development rights which have been encumbered or
0948
0342
BK:00948 PG:0342
extinguished by this Conservation Easement shall be transferred pursuant to a
transferable development rights scheme or cluster development arrangement
or otherwise.
The Grantee, and authorized representatives of the Grantee, shall have the right to
enter the Easement Area and shall have the right of reasonable ingress and egress to the
Easement Area over the Protected Property, at all reasonable times to undertake any
activities to restore, manage, maintain, enhance, and monitor the wetland and riparian
resources of the Easement Area. These activities include planting of trees, shrubs and
herbaceous vegetation, installation of monitoring wells, utilization of heavy equipment to
grade, fill, and prepare the soil, modification of the hydrology of the site, and installation of
natural and manmade materials as needed to direct in-stream, above ground, and
subterraneous water flow. In addition, the Grantee, and authorized representatives of the
Grantee, shall have the right to enter the Easement Area and-shall have the right of reasonable
ingress and egress to the Easement Area over the Protected Property, at all reasonable times
for the purpose of inspecting said property to determine if the Grantor is complying with the
terms, conditions, restrictions, and purposes of this Conservation Easement. The easement
rights granted herein do not include public access rights.
The Grantor may request permission to vary from the above restrictions for good
cause shown, provided that any such request is consistent with the purposes of this
Conservation Easement. The Grantor shall not vary from the above restrictions without first
obtaining written approval from the Grantee and the Ecosystem Enhancement Program,
whose mailing address is 1619 Mail Services Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1619.
111. ENFORCEMENT AND REMEDIES
A. In the event that the Grantee determines that the Grantor has violated or is
threatening to violate any of these terms, conditions, or restrictions, the
Grantee may institute a suit to enjoin such violation and if necessary, to
require the restoration of the Easement Area to its prior condition at the
expense of the Grantor.
B. No failure on the part of Grantee to enforce any covenant or provision hereof
shall discharge or invalidate such covenant or any other covenant, condition, or
provision hereof or affect the right of Grantee to enforce the same in the event
of a subsequent breach or default.
IV. MISCELLANEOUS
A. This Conservation Easement shall be construed to promote the purposes of
N.C. Gen Stat. § 143-214.8 et seq., the Ecosystem Enhancement Program.
B. This instrument sets forth the entire agreement of the parties with respect to
the Conservation Easement and supersedes all prior discussions, negotiations,
understandings or agreements relating to the Conservation Easement. If any
0948
0343
BK:00948 PG:0343
provision is found to be invalid, the remainder of the provisions of the
Conservation Easement, and the application of such provision to persons or
circumstances other than those as to which it is found to be invalid, shall not
be affected thereby.
C. Any-notices shall be sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt
requested to the parties at their addresses shown above or to other address(es)
as either party establishes in writing upon notification to the other.
D. Grantor shall notify Grantee in writing of the name and address and any party
to whom the Protected Property or any part thereof is to be transferred at or
prior to the time said transfer is made. Grantor further agrees to make any
subsequent lease, deed, or other legal instrument by which any interest in the
Protected Property is conveyed subject to the Conservation Easement herein
created.
V. QUIET ENJOYMENT
Grantor reserves all rights accruing from ownership of the Protected Property,
including the right to engage in or permit or invite others to engage in only those uses of the
Easement Area that are expressly reserved herein, not prohibited or restricted herein, and are
not inconsistent with the purposes of this Conservation Easement. Without limiting the
generality of the foregoing, the Grantor expressly reserves to the Grantor, and the Grantor's
invitees and licensees, the right of access to the Easement Area, and the right of quiet
enjoyment of the Easement Area.
TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the said rights and easements perpetually unto Grantee
for the aforesaid purposes.
AND Grantor covenants that Grantor is seized of said premises in fee and has the right
to convey the permanent easement herein granted; that the same are free from encumbrances
and that Grantor will warrant and defend title to the same against the claims of all persons
whomsoever.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, the Grantor has hereunto set his hand and seal, the
day and year first above written.
David Thomas Patterson
0948
0344
BK:00948 PG:0344
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF Wake,
1, Cha"(044e8061 son , a Notary Public, do hereby certify that DAVID
THOMAS PATTERSON personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the due
execution of the foregoing instrument.
WITNESS my hand and official seat this the (0?' day of beCeMq11elr , 2004.
lIO..I OM t) 4off?
Notary Public
My commission expires:
CHARLOTTE ROBINSON
hAau? 11, 2OOQt Notary Public, North Carolina
Wake County
My Commission Expires
S/i4 (04
NORTH CAROLINA • LEE COUNTY
The foregoing cerlikate(s}of
CHARLOTTE ROBINSON
Notary Public is (are) cs rtitled to be cornet.
Duty registered this date and tour shown
on the first page besot.
MOLUE A MCINNIS
Register of Deeds
gN?"? [/ ae?t roepny ?l.?d?
6
8948
8345
BK:00948 PG:0345
EXHIBIT "A"
Attached to and made it part of that certain Conservation Easement dated December 6
2004, by and between DAVID THOMAS PATTERSON (Grantor) and RESTORATION
SYSTEMS, LLC (Grantee).
All of Parcel "D" containing 0.50± acres as shown on a Survey for Restoration Systems, LLC
(Wallace & Lick Creek Site) recorded in Plat Cabinet 10, Slide 56B, Office of the Register of
Deeds of Lee County, North Carolina.
7
ATTACHMENT C
Stream Evaluation Forms
NCDWQ Stream Classification Form
Project Name: Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project River Basin: Cape Fear 14-Digit HUC: 03030004010010 County: Lee
Nearest Named Stream: Wallace Branch Evaluator: Bailey, Bode Signature: Date: 03/18/2004
USGS Quad: Colon, Moncure DWQ Project #: Latitude: Longitude:
Location/Directions: Located on David Thomas property (1700 If extending upstr from Lower Moncure Rd) and Fred Thomas property (-1400 If dwnstr of road)
'PLEASE NOTE: If evaluator and landowner agree that the feature is a man-made ditch, then use of this form is not necessary. Also, if in the best professional judgment of
the evaluator, the feature is a man-made ditch and not a modified natural stream-this rating system should not be used`
Primary Field Indicators: (indicate one number per line)
1. Geomorphology Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1) Is there a riffle-pool sequence? 0 1 2 3
2) Is the USDA texture in streambed different from surrounding terrain? 0 1 2 0
II. Hydrology Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1) Is there a groundwater flow/discharge present? 0 1 2 3
Primary Hydrology Indicator Points: 2
3) Is periphyton present? 0 1 2 3
4) Are bivalves present? Not sampled For 0 1 2 3
Primary Biology Indicator Points: 6
Secondary Field Indicators: (Circle one number per line)
1. Geomorphology Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1) Is there a head cut present in channel? 0 0:5 1 1.5
2) Is there a grade control point in channel? 0 0'5 1 1.5
3) Does topographv indicate a natural drainage wav? 0 0.5 1 15
Secondary Geomorphology Indicator Points: 2.5
Secondary Hydrology Indicator Points: 615
III. Biology Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1) Are fish present? Not sampled for 0 0.5 1 1.5
TOTAL POINTS (Primary + Secondary= 36 (If z 19 points, the stream is at least intermittent)
(if z 30 points, the stream is considered perennial)
('NOTE If bed and bank caused by ditching and WITHOUT sinuosity, then score = 0')
10) Is a 2nd order or greater channel (as indicated on Topo Map and/or in field) present? Yes= 3 No = 0
Primary Geomorphology Indicator Points: 18
4) Is water in channel and >48 hrs. since last known rain? 0 0.5 1 1:5
6) Are iron oxidizing bacteria/fungus present? 0 0.5 1 1.5
7) Is filamentous algae present? 0 0.5 1 1.5 _
8) Are wetland plants in streambed? SAV Mostly OBL Mostly FACW Mostly FAC Mostly FACU Mostly UPL
2 1 0.75 0.5 0 0
NOTE: If total absence of all plants in streambed as noted above skip this step UNLESS SAV present')
Secondary Biology Indicator Points: I
NCDWQ Stream Classification Form
Project Name: _Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project River Basin: Cape Fear 14-Digit HUC: 03030004010010 County:
Nearest Named Stream: Lick Creek Evaluator: Bailey, Bode Signature: Date:
USGS Quad: Moncure DWQ Project #: Latitude: Longitude:
Lee
03/1912004
Location/Directions: Reach located along Fred Thomas and Alvin Hartness common property line: adjacent to cattle pasture
'PLEASE NOTE: If evaluator and landowner agree that the feature is a man-made ditch, then use of this form is not necessary. Also, if in the best professional judgment of
the evaluator, the feature is a man-made ditch and not a modified natural stream-this rating system should not be used'
Is a continuous bed & bank present?
10) Is a 21d order or greater channel (as indicated on Topo Map and/or in field) present? Yes..-_= 3 No = 0
Primary Geomorphology Indicator Points: 22
II. Hydrology Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1) Is there a groundwater flow/discharge present? 0 1 2 3
Primary Hydrology Indicator Points:
III. Biology 2
Absent
Weak
Moderate
Strong
11 Are fibrous roots present in streambed? 3 2 1 0
2) Are rooted plants present in streambed? 3 2 1 0
3) Is periphyton present? 0 1 2 3
4_) Are bivalves present? Not sampled for 0 1 2 3
Primary Biology Indicator Points: 6
Secondary Field Indicators: (Circle one number per line)
Moderate St
4) Is water in channel and >48 hrs. since last known rain?
0.5
31 Are aquatic turtles present? Not sampled for 0 0.5 1 1.5
4 )-Are crayfish present? Not sampled for 0 0.5 1 1,5
5) Are macro benthos present? Not sampled for 0 0.5 1 1.5
6) Are iron oxidizing bacteria/fungus present? 0 _
0.5 1 1.5
7 Is filamentous algae present? t) 0.5 1 1.5
8) Are wetland plants in streambed? SAV Mostly OBL Mostly FACW Mostly FAC Mostly FACU Mostly UPL
2 1 0.75 0.5 0 0
C NOTE: If total absence of all plants in streambed as noted above, skip this step. UNLESS SAV present').
Secondary Biology Indicator Points: 1
TOTAL POINTS (Primary + Secondary),= 40.5 (if ? 19 points, the stream is at least intermittent)
(if >_ 30 points, the stream is considered perennial)
Secondary Geomorphology Indicator Points: 25
Secondary Hydrology Indicator Points: 7
Primary Field Indicators: (indicate one number per line)
1. Geomorphology Absent Weak Moderate Strnnn
ATTACHMENT D
Categorical Exclusion Document
Jun402'05 11:05a Restoration Systems 919-755-9492 p.2
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Site
prepared for
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Ecosystem Enhancement Program
by
Restoration Systems, LLC
Raleigh, North Carolina
Contract Number D04013-1
A. Project Description:
The Lick Creek Stream Restoration Site is located approximately 2.6 miles northeast of the City
of Sanford in rural Lee County. It includes 40 acres of floodplain, 5,000 linear feet of perennial,
second/third order stream designated as Lick Creek and 3,500 linear feet of perennial, second
order stream designated as Wallace Branch. The existing channels are highly degraded due to
unrestricted livestock access, riparian vegetation removal, and increasing non-point source
runoff from the developing watershed. The proposed project consists of 100 percent
restoration, as defined in the Streani Mitigation Guidelines (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Wilmington District, April 2003). The proposed stream restoration process will involve: 1)
raising the base elevation (profile) and constructing a new bankfull channel; 2) backfMing the
abandoned, existing channel; 3) erecting livestock exclusion fencing; 4) invasive species
removal; and 5) reestablishing a diverse native riparian buffer. This project will provide 9,500
linear feet of Stream Mitigation Units with the Cape Fear River Basin Cataloging Unit (CU)
03030004.
B. Purpose and Need:
The NCDENR Ecosystem Enhancement Program is responsible for providing compensatory
mitigation for authorized wetland, stream and riparian buffer impacts associated with
transportation-related infrastructure and economic development. As part of their overall
mitigation strategy, the EEP published a request for proposals (RFP) in December 2003 seeking
Full Delivery Projects that would provide stream mitigation credits within the Cape Fear River
Basin CU 03030004. In response to the RFP, Restoration Systems, LCC submitted the "Lick
Creek Stream Restoration Site, Lee County, North Carolina Technical and Cost Proposay, on
March 24, 2004,
C. Proposed Improvements:
The following Type II improvements which apply to the project are circled:
1. Modernization of a highway by resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation,
reconstruction, adding shoulders, or adding auxiliary lanes (e.g., parking,
weaving, turning, climbing).
a. Restoring, Resurfacing, Rehabilitating, and Reconstructing pavement (3R
and 4R improvements)
1
Jinn 0205 11:07a Restoration Systems 919-755-9492 p.4
b. Widening roadway and shoulders without adding through lanes
c. Modernizing gore treatments
d. Constructing lane improvements (merge, auxiliary, and'turn lanes)
e. Adding shoulder drains
f. Replacing and rehabilitating culverts, inlets, and drainage pipes,
including safety treatments
g. Providing driveway pipes
h. Performing minor bridge widening (less than one through lane)
i. Structural BMP's for water quality improvement
2. Highway safety or traffic operations improvement projects including the
installation of ramp metering control devices and lighting.
a. Installing ramp metering devices
b. Installing lights
c. Adding or upgrading guardrail
d. Installing safety barriers including Jersey type barriers and pier
protection
e. Installing or replacing impact attenuators
f. Upgrading medians including adding or upgrading median barriers
g. Improving intersections including relocation and/or realignment
h. Making minor roadway realignment
i. Channelizing traffic
j. Performing clear zone safety improvements including removing hazards
and flattening slopes
k. Implementing traffic aid systems, signals, and motorist aid
1. Installing bridge safety hardware including bridge rail retrofit
3. Bridge rehabilitation, reconstruction, or replacement or the construction of grade
separation to replace existing at-grade railroad crossings.
a. Rehabilitating, reconstructing, or replacing bridge approach slabs
b. Rehabilitating or replacing bridge decks
c. Rehabilitating bridges including painting (no red lead paint), scour
repair, fender systems, and minor structural improvements
d. Replacing a bridge (structure and/or fill)
4. Transportation corridor fringe parking facilities.
5. Construction of new truck weigh stations or rest areas.
6. Approvals for disposal of excess right-of-way or for joint or limited use of right-
of-way, where the proposed use does not have significant adverse impacts.
7. Approvals for changes in access control.
8. Acquisition and construction of mitigation sites.
9. Construction of new bus storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such construction
is not inconsistent with existing zoning and located on or near a street with
adequate capacity to handle anticipated bus and support vehicle traffic.
Jun 02.05 11:05a Restoration Systems 919-755-9492 p.3
10.
Rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing rail and bus buildings and ancillary
facilities where only minor amounts of additional land are required and there is
not a substantial increase in the number of users.
11. Construction of bus transfer facilities (an open area consisting of passenger
shelters, boarding areas, kiosks and related street improvements) when located
in a commercial area or other high activity center in which there is adequate
street capacity for projected bus traffic.
12. Construction of rail storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for.industrial or transportation purposes where such construction
is not inconsistent with existing zoning and where there is no significant noise
impact on the surrounding community.
13. Acquisition of land for hardship or protective purposes, advance land acquisition
loans under section 3(b) of the UMT Act. Hardship and protective buying will be
permitted only for a particular parcel or a limited number of parcels. These grpes
of land acquisition qualify for a CE only where the acquisition will not limit the
evaluation of alternatives, including shifts in alignment for planned construction
projects, which may be required in the NEPA process. No project development
on such land may proceed until the NEPA process has been completed.
D. Special Project Information:
Estimated Costs: Total Construction $1,721,200
Right of Way $321,300
Total $2,042,500
E. Threshold Criteria
The following evaluation of threshold criteria must be completed for Type II actions
ECOLOGICAL YES NO
(1) Will the project have a substantial impact on any unique or
important natural resource? X
(2) Does the project involve habitat where federally listed
endangered or threatened species may occur? X
(3) Will the project affect anadromous fish? X
(4) If the project involves wetlands, is the amount of permanent
and/or temporary wetland taking less than one-tenth (1/10) of
an acre and have all practicable measures to avoid and X
minimize wetland takings been evaluated?
(5) Will the project require the use of U. S. Forest Service lands? X
(6) Will the quality of adjacent water resources be adversely
impacted by proposed construction activities? ? X
(7) Does the project involve waters classified as Outstanding
Water Resources (OWR) and/or High Quality Waters (HQW)? X
3
jun ue,u5 11:w/a Restoration Systems 919-755-9492
(8) Will the project require fill in waters of the United States
in any of the designated mountain trout counties? X
(9) Does the project involve any known underground storage
tanks (UST's) or hazardous materials sites? X
PERMITS AND COORDINATION YES NO
(10) If the project is located within a CAMA county, will the
project significantly affect the coastal zone and/or any
"Area of Environmental Concern" (AEC)? X
(11) Does the project involve Coastal Barrier Resources Act
resources? ? X
(12) Will a U. S. Coast Guard permit be required? X
(13) Will the project result in the modification of any existing
regulatory floodway? X
(14) Will the project require any stream relocations or channel
changes? Please see Section F for fiertl2er explanation. X
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES YES NO
(15) Will the project induce substantial impacts to planned
growth or land use for the area? X
(16) Will the project require the relocation of any family or
business? u X
(17) Will the project have a disproportionately high and
adverse human health and environmental effect on any
minority or low-income population? X
(18) If the project involves the acquisition of right of way, is the
amount of right of way acquisition considered minor? X
(19) Will the project involve any changes in access control? X
(20) Will the project substantially alter the usefulness and/or land
use of adjacent property? u X
(21) Will the project have an adverse effect on permanent local

traffic patterns or community cohesiveness? a
X
(22) Is the project included in an approved thoroughfare plan
and/or Transportation Improvement Program (and is,
therefore, in conformance with the Clean Air Act of 1990)? X
(23) Is the project anticipated to cause an increase in traffic

volumes? ?
X
A
p.3
Jun 02.05 11:05a Restoration Systems 919-755-9492
(24) Will traffic be maintained during construction using existing
roads, staged construction, or on-site detours? X
(25) If the project is a bridge replacement project, will the bridge be
replaced at its existing location (along the existing facility) and
will all construction proposed in association with the bridge X
replacement project be contained on the existing facility?
(26) Is there substantial controversy on social, economic, or
environmental grounds concerning the project?
(27) Is the project consistent with all Federal, State, and local laws
relating to the environmental aspects of the project? X
(28) Will the project have an "effect" on structures/ properties
eligible for or listed on the National Register of Historic Places?
(29) Will the project affect any archaeological remains, which are ?
important to history or pre-history?
(30) Will the project require the use of Section 4(f) resources
(public parks, recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges,
historic sites, or historic bridges, as defined in Section 4(f) of
the U. S. Department of Transportation Act of 1966)?
(31) Will the project result in any conversion of assisted public
recreation sites or facilities to non-recreation uses, as
defined by Section 6(f) of the Land and Water Conservation
Act of 1965, as amended?
(32) Will the project involve construction in, across, or adjacent to
a river designated as a component of or proposed for inclusion
in the Natural System of Wild and Scenic Rivers?

X
D
X
X
X
X
X
F. Additional Documentation Required for Unfavorable Responses in Part E
(Discussion regarding all unfavorable responses in Part E should be provided below.
Additional supporting documentation may be attached, as necessary.)
p.4
14) VVill the project require any strewn relocations or channel changes?
This is a stream restoration project based upon natural channel design methodologies
that will use a.Rosgen Priority Level l approach to restore stable "EX4" stream
channels on the historic floodplain by raising the base elevation (profile) and
constructing a new bankfull channel. The broad floodplain provides the opportunity
to increase the stream belt width and sinuosity through the establishment of a more
meandering planform. It is expected that the restored channel will be constructed
both off-line and on-line, meandering through the protected stream riparian corridor.
Modifications will also be made to the profile in order to re-establish a natural riffle
and pool bed morphology with appropriate pool spacing.
5
]up 02.05 11:07a Restoration Systems
G. CE Approval
Project Description:
Categorical Exclusion Action Classification:
TYPE II(A)
X TYPE II(B)
Approved:
919-755-9492
. N/A
Date Assistant Manager
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
N/A
Date Project Planning Unit Head
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
N/A
Date Project Development Engineer
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
For Type II(B) projects only:_
Date Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
p.2
G
051097
Technical Specifications
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project
Lee County, North Carolina
Project Being Conducted for:
r 1140-
A;iq

rROu"A M
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
Project Being Conducted by:
vp OW"J
I NO
VD;w tl; VkWa
V
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 107
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
June 2005
i
Technical Specifications
Lick Creek Stream Restoration Project
Lee County, North Carolina
Project Being Conducted by:
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 107
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Designed by:

URS Corporation
1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 400
Morrisville, NC 27560 ?aaA":?H+CpR
S//q
;2 ? 2? /
Kate Wolfe, PWS, AICP
Project Planner/Ecologist
23432 : Q
Kathleen McKeithan, PE, CPESC
Project Engineer
ii
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
SECTION 1: GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS, SURVEYS AND LAYOUT
1.0 General Specifications
1.1 Construction Survey
1.2 Sensitive Areas
1.3 Utilities
SECTION 2: CLEARING, GRADING AND CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
2.0 Equipment Specifications
2.1 Site Preparation Prior to Grading Operations
2.2 Construction Activities in Stream Channel
2.3 Grading Operations
2.4 Temporary Stream Crossing
2.5 Floodplain Interceptor
2.6 Pocket Wetland
SECTION 3: STRUCTURES
3.0 Structure Stone
3.1 Rock Vane
3.2 Rock Cross Vane
3.3 Root Wad
3.4 Permanent Stream Crossing
SECTION 4: EROSION CONTROL
4.0 Temporary Gravel Construction Entrance
4.1 Access Roads
4.2 Temporary Impervious Dike
4.3 Pump Around Operation
4.4 Coir Fiber Mat
4.5 Temporary Silt Fence
4.6 Rock Dam
SECTION 5: VEGETATION
5.0 Specification for the Establishment of Vegetation
5.1 Eradication of Exotic Species
5.2 Site Preparation: Ripping
5.3 Site Preparation: Discing
5.4 Temporary Seeding
5.5 Permanent Seeding
5.6 Live Staking
5.7 Bare Root Seedlings
SECTION 6: COOPERATION BETWEEN CONTRACTORS
SECTION 7: TERMINOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
The Contractor is responsible for the following sequence of construction in accordance
with the construction plans and the Technical Specifications, as directed by the
Designer.
Initial Site Preparation
1. Install construction entrances.
2. Prepare staging and stockpiling areas in areas located on the
construction plans or as approved by the Designer.
3. Stake and mark sensitive areas with boundary marking material as
directed by the Designer.
4. Stake limits of construction and proposed alignment as shown on the
construction plans or as directed by the Designer.
5. Install sediment and erosion control devices.
6. Install stream crossing(s) at locations approved by the Designer.
Channel Construction - Each Phase will follow the same sequence. Phases
shall be completed in order by phase number and in their entirety prior to
construction of the next phase.
Phase 1 Sta 10+00 to 20+00 Wallace Branch, Reach A
Phase 2 Sta 20+00 to 26+50 Wallace Branch, Reach A
Phase 3 Sta 10+00 to 20+00 Lick Creek, Reach C
Phase 4 Sta 20+00 to 28+00 Lick Creek, Reach C
Phase 5 Sta 27+00 to 36+00 Wallace Branch, Reach B
Phase 6 Sta 36+00 to 46+00 Wallace Branch, Reach B
Phase 7 Sta 46+00 to 51+50 Lick Creek, Reach D
Phase 8 Sta 51+50 to 57+00 Lick Creek, Reach D
Phase 9 Sta 57+00 to 65+00 Lick Creek, Reach D
Phase 10 Sta 65+00 to 75+00 Lick Creek, Reach E
Phase 11 Sta 75+00 to 84+24 Lick Creek, Reach E
1. Project will be constructed from the upstream working in the downstream
direction.
2. Install sediment and erosion control devices.
3. Install temporary pump around operation, as approved by the Designer.
4. Construct the proposed stream channel. Open up only that portion of the
channel that can be completed and stabilized within the same day.
5. Construct the proposed stream channel to the grade specified in the
cross-sections and profile. Stockpile and separate all soil suitable for fill
or topsoil in the area indicated on the construction plans. Any soil
unsuitable for fill shall be disposed of appropriately offsite.
6. Install structures (root wads, rock cross vanes, rock vanes, etc.).
7. Place soil plugs where new channel crosses the existing channel.
8. Seed areas where matting is to be installed with permanent seed mix.
9. Install coir fiber matting.
10. Fill in the abandoned channel with suitable material approved by the
Designer.
11. Divert water into constructed channel, remove pump around operation
and temporary impervious channel plug, and complete all stabilization
activities as approved by the Designer.
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12. Seed and mulch all disturbed areas within 10 calendar days.
13. The entire phase's channel, floodplain, and banks shall be completed and
stabilized prior to further construction.
III. Repair all disturbed areas.
IV. Remove sediment and erosion control devices, any temporary fencing, staking,
sensitive area marking material, trash, etc. from the site as approved by the
Designer.
V. Seed and mulch staging, stockpiling, and any bare areas with permanent seed
mixture.
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SECTION 1: GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS, SURVEYS AND LAYOUT
1.0 General Specifications
1. The Contractor shall not utilize a borrow pit that is located within 1/2 mile of any
boundary of a wetland mitigation site, if excavation in the borrow pit will fall below the
highest elevation of the nearby mitigation site.
2. No borrow material shall be taken from the site unless directed by the Designer.
3. There is limited subsurface information available for this project. The Contractor
shall complete any additional investigation of subsurface conditions required for
construction.
4. The Contractor is responsible for clearing and disposing of any fallen trees or other
trees that lie within construction limits as directed by the Designer.
5. The Contractor is responsible for clearing and disposing of any man-made materials
or other debris that lie within construction limits, as requested and approved by the
Designer.
6. Suitable topsoil shall be stockpiled and replaced at the appropriate grade as
approved by the Designer.
7. All work shall be performed in accordance with the North Carolina Department of
Transportation Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures dated January
2002 (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002). The Contractor will
be required to have an English copy of the "Standard Specifications for Roads and
Structures." Any mention of the Department in NCDOT specifications (Standard
Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002) shall mean the Owner of this
contract.
8. Any site damage resulting from actions of the Contractor will be repaired or replaced
to a quality meeting or exceeding their previous standards at the expense of the
Contractor.
9. The Contractor shall utilize the construction plans to build the job. Electronic files will
not be available.
1.1 Construction Survey
The construction survey shall be performed in accordance with Section 801 of the
NCDOT Standard Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures,
2002) and shall include but not be limited to setting the construction baseline, setting
centerline and any other survey incidental to construction as directed by the Designer.
Laser level equipment shall be utilized for the construction survey.
At a minimum, the Contractor is responsible for:
• All construction staking.
• Layout and maintenance of a construction baseline that is offset from the project.
Stationing shall be set at a minimum of 20-foot intervals.
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• Staking all horizontal centerline control, elevation benchmarks, and bankfull
location and elevation.
• Benchmarks shall be set and preserved.
• Furnishing As-built Drawings indicating the final location and elevation of the
stream centerline, thalweg, instream structures (including the upstream most and
downstream most locations of each structure), left and right bank bankfull
elevations, left and right bank top-of-bank, and left and right bank toe-of-bank.
The Designer may check all or any portion of the work, and the Contractor shall afford all
necessary assistance to the Designer in carrying out such checks. The Contractor shall
immediately make any necessary corrections to the work. Such checking by the
Designer shall not relieve the Contractor of any responsibilities for the accuracy or
completeness of the work.
Payment at the contract Lump Sum (LS) price for "Construction Surveying" will be made
for providing all construction layout, surveying, stakeout, and engineering necessary for
the proper construction operations to construct the project in accordance with the lines,
grades and dimensions detailed in the construction plans, cross-sections, and these
technical specifications.
Payment will be made under
Construction Surveying ................................................................................................. LS
1.2 Sensitive Areas
Marking of Sensitive Areas
To limit disturbance of soils on site, the Contractor shall restrict the movement of all
construction equipment within the sensitive areas. Sensitive areas are inside and
outside the construction limits including: existing stream crossings, agricultural ditches,
specimen trees, wetlands, and utility networks (i.e., subsurface water line associated
with the Lower Moncure Road Bridge over Wallace Branch, etc.). The Designer may
request the Contractor flag all or some sensitive areas due to their proximity to the
project. The Contractor shall identify the boundaries of all sensitive areas by using a
highly visible tape, silt fencing, or orange boundary fencing, and will stake the limits of
where construction equipment is permitted to travel, as directed by the Designer.
Sensitive areas shall remain marked throughout the duration of the construction. The
Contractor just prior to final acceptance will remove the marking.
The Contractor assumes responsibility for "in-kind" replacement of any resources
damaged within the sensitive areas. Sensitive areas are listed above and may be added
to as indicated on the construction plans or by the Designer.
Materials
Acceptable materials for identifying sensitive areas include highly visible tape, silt fence
or orange boundary fencing. Other materials may be utilized upon approval of the
Designer.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of boundary marking material measured will not be measured for payment
under this section.
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Basis of Payment
Payment of marking sensitive areas will not be measured for payment under this section.
Payment for marking sensitive areas will be incidental to clearing and grubbing work as
outlined under "Site Preparation Prior to Grading Operations" in Section 2.1.
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials,
and incidentals necessary to mark sensitive areas.
1.3 Utilities
The Contractor will be responsible for making investigations for determining the exact
location, size, and type material of the existing facilities necessary for the construction of
the proposed utilities and to avoid damage to existing facilities.
The Contractor shall have all utilities located and properly removed on the site to the
approval of the Designer. The Contractor shall be responsible for coordinating with the
Designer and utility companies.
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SECTION 2: CLEARING, GRADING AND CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
2.0 Eauipment Specifications
Excavation on site shall be accomplished with the use of a minimum Y2 cubic yard heavy
duty bucket placed on a CAT 231 excavator or equivalent machine and fitted with a
hydraulic thumb. Additionally, a 4-'/2 cubic yard capacity hydraulic backhoe capable of
lifting capacity of 7,500 pounds at a trench depth of ten (10) feet will be required. All
equipment shall be on track instead of wheels to prevent excess soil compaction on site.
All equipment used on site shall be in good repair and meet the minimum specifications
set forth under this contract. Additionally, all equipment shall not be leaking any fluids.
2.1 Site Preparation Prior to Grading Operations
Clearing and Grubbing
Sensitive areas shall be marked prior to any clearing and grubbing work. The Contractor
assumes responsibility for "in-kind" replacement of anything damaged within the
sensitive areas. (See Section 1.2 "Sensitive Areas".)
Clearing and grubbing operations shall be performed to the grading limits shown on the
construction plans, in accordance with Section 200 of the NCDOT Standard
Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002) and as directed
by the Designer. The Contractor is directed to salvage hardwood trees of basal
diameter greater than 10 inches with root mass intact for use as root wad structure (See
Section 3.3 "Root Wads" in this document and detail on the construction plans). The
branches shall be removed, trunk and root mass shall remain intact for a 15 to 20 foot
total length and any root and trunk sections shall be stockpiled in designated stockpiling
areas. Branches and any excess trunk material shall be disposed of as directed by the
Designer.
In locations where the old stream channels are to be filled, clearing and grubbing
operations shall be performed to the specifications covered in the section "Construction
Activities in Stream Channel."
Debris and waste material shall be disposed of off site at a location to be determined by
the Contractor.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of Clearing and Grubbing shall be measured along the surface of the
ground that has been cleared and grubbed. Marking sensitive areas shall be considered
incidental to clearing and grubbing work. Disposal area fees shall be considered
incidental to clearing and grubbing work.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of clearing and grubbing measured, as provided for above, will be paid for
at the lump sum contract unit price for "Clearing and Grubbing."
Payment will be made under:
Clearing and Grubbing .................................................................................................. LS
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The above price and payment will be full compensation for all
section including but not limited to furnishing, installing and
material; hauling, placing, shaping and tamping when required
surplus stockpiled material.
2.2 Construction Activities in Stream Channel
work covered by this
maintaining marking
and disposing of any
General
No equipment shall be allowed in the stream flow within the channel.
Excavation of Material On Site
Suitable soil material excavated from the new stream channel shall be stockpiled as
directed by the Designer. Any debris or unsuitable soil material removed during
excavation shall be disposed of appropriately offsite. Suitable material will be used to fill
in the old stream channel. If additional fill material is needed, the Contractor must
supply suitable material at the Contractor's cost. Debris, unsuitable material, and
excess soil material shall be disposed of offsite by the Contractor at the Contractor's
cost.
Channel Fill
The old stream channel is to be filled and compacted up to the top 1 foot with suitable
soil material. The Contractor shall overfill the channel with soil such that the soil is
"mounded" above the normal bank elevation of the old stream channel itself, as detailed
on the construction plans. Organic material shall not exceed 10 percent of the total
volume of fill material used. The table below is to be used in determining the minimum
height of the soil mound above the normal bank elevation.
Depth of channel invert
below normal bank elevation Height of un-compacted soil
mound above normal bank elevation
0-2.0ft. 6 -12 in.
2.1 - 3.5 ft. 12 - 18 in.
3.6-5.0ft. 18 -24 in.
5.1-6.5ft. 24 -30 in.
6.6-8.5ft. 30 -36 in.
> 8.5 ft A height which is 35 percent of
stream channel depth
Impervious Stream Channel Plugs
Impervious stream channel plugs shall be used to prevent the stream flow from re-
activating the old channel in locations where the abandoned and new stream channels
intersect. In locations where the construction plans or the Designer specify that
impervious stream channel plugs are to be installed, the Contractor shall:
a. Construct the stream channel plug to the dimensions detailed in the
construction plans at all locations where new channel intercepts the old
stream channel.
b. Clear and grub the stream channel plug cross-section on all sides to remove
all vegetation and root mat material as directed by the Designer, to an
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elevation which is at least one foot below the elevation of the existing stream
channel cross-section.
c. Construct the stream channel plug using material that meets the
requirements of the "Impervious Select Material" Sub-section of this
specification and mat the plug using material that meets the requirements of
the "Coir Fiber Mat" Section of these specifications.
d. After all impervious stream channel plug construction operations are
complete, the Contractor shall stake the plug location on the ground to
prevent any final ripping or disking of these areas.
Impervious Select Material
Materials that will function as impervious barriers to water movement shall be a silt or
clayey soil material meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 145 for soil classification A-
2, A-6, and A-7 provided such materials do not have a Liquid Limit (LL) greater than 50.
To maintain soil workability for placement and compaction, the following criteria shall
apply for Plasticity Index (PI):
Position of borrow material Constraints on Plasticity Index PI
Below the water table Must be greater than 7 and less than 25
Above the water table Must be greater than 7 and less than 35
Plasticity Index shall be determined in accordance with AASHTO T90, and Liquid Limit
shall be determined in accordance with AASHTO T89.
(The Contractor is cautioned that soils tend to become less workable as the PI increases
above 20. Although a PI of 35 may be acceptable, the Contractor shall be aware that
additional efforts may be necessary to work the soil in order to achieve minimum
compaction standards.)
Method of Measurement
The quantity of impervious select material to be paid for will be the actual number of
cubic yards of approved material, measured in its original position by cross-sectioning
and computing by the average end area method, which has been excavated from the
borrow source and incorporated into the completed and accepted work. No
measurement will be made of any overburden or unsuitable material removed from the
source, or of any material excavated prior to cross-sections being taken.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of impervious select material, measured as provided above, will be paid for
at the contract unit price per cubic yard for "impervious select material."
The above price and payment will be full compensation for all work covered by this
provision including, but not limited to, furnishing of the impervious select material;
providing and implementing a development, use, and reclamation plan; building,
maintaining, and obliterating access roads; clearing and grubbing the source; removal
and disposition of overburden and other unsuitable material; excavation; hauling;
restoration of the source and access roads to an acceptable condition; and seeding,
mulching and maintaining the work.
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Payment will be made under:
Impervious Select Material ........................................................................................... CY
2.3 Gradinq Operations
Description
The Contractor shall perform grading as shown on the construction plans and attached
cross-sections. Final above bankfull grades shall meet the grading plan and cross-
sections within a tolerance of + 0.4 feet (4.8 inches). Stream dimensions shall meet
typical cross-sections within a tolerance of + 0.2 feet (2.4 inches). Field conditions may
dictate necessary adjustments to grading plans. In such cases, the Designer shall
indicate adjustments to the Contractor.
No compaction shall be performed for graded areas unless as directed by the Designer.
Method of Measurement
Grading operations shall be lump sum for "Grading Operations."
Basis of Payment
All work covered by the provision will be paid for at the contract lump sum price for
"Grading Operations." This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor,
equipment, materials, and incidentals necessary for grading operations.
Payment will be made under:
Grading ......................................................................................................................... LS
2.4 Temporary Stream Crossing
Description
Temporary stream crossings will serve as a means of crossing the existing and
proposed channels to allow access to both the left and right side of the existing stream.
Stream crossings will be constructed as approved by the Designer. The quantity of
stream crossings may be increased, decreased, or eliminated entirely at the direction of
the Designer. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as alterations in the
details of construction or a change in the character of the work. (See temporary stream
crossing detail on the construction plans.)
Materials
A minimum of 15-inch corrugated metal pipe shall be utilized for crossing drainage
ditches north of the channel construction. A minimum of three 36-inch corrugated metal
pipes shall be utilized to cross Wallace Branch. Class A or B stone shall meet the
requirements of Rip Rap-Class A and B as outlined in "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0.
Filter fabric shall be Type 3 engineering fabric, Class A or B meeting the requirements of
Section 1056 of the NCDOT Standard Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads
and Structures, 2002).
Installation
Cover area with filter fabric and install the corrugated metal pipes (CMPs). Backfill over
CMPs with Rip Rap-Class A or B Stone to a minimum depth of 12 inches or one half
pipe diameter, whichever is greater. The structures shall be approved by the Designer
and capable of carrying the necessary loads. The Contractor may propose alternate
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forms of dry bridge crossings from top of bank to top of bank as approved by the
Designer.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of structure stone, Rip Rap-Class A and B, to be paid for will be measured
for payment as outlined under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0. Filter fabric will be
incidental.
The quantity of CMP will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot used in the
construction of stream crossings.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of stone, Rip Rap-Class A and B, to be paid for will be measured for
payment as described under Section 3.0, "Structure Stone". This payment shall be
considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials, and incidentals
necessary temporary stream construction.
Payment for installation of CMP will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot of
"Temporary 15-inch CMP" and "Temporary 36-inch CMP."
Payment will be made under:
Temporary 15-inch CMP ............................................................................................... LF
Temporary 36-inch CMP ............................................................................................... LF
2.5 Floodplain Interceptor
Description
The work covered by this section consists of furnishing, installing and maintaining a
floodplain interceptor in locations shown on construction plans or as directed by the
Designer. The floodplain interceptor will provide water on the floodplain with a stabilized
access point to flow back into the channel. The quantity of floodplain interceptors to be
installed will be affected by the actual conditions that occur during the construction of the
project. The quantity of floodplain interceptors may be increased, decreased, or
eliminated entirely at the direction of the Designer. Such variations in quantity will not be
considered as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of
the work. (See floodplain interceptor detail on the construction plans.)
Materials
All materials shall meet the requirements of Rip Rap-Class A as outlined in "Structure
Stone" in Section 3.0. Filter fabric shall be Type 3 engineering fabric, Class A or B
meeting the requirements of Section 1056 of the NCDOT Standard Specifications
(Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002).
Installation
Construct a small depression in the top of slope. Install filter fabric and line with Rip
Rap-Class A stone as outlined in construction plans.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of structure stone to be paid for will be measured for payment as outlined
under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0. Filter fabric will be incidental.
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Basis of Payment
The quantity of stone to be paid for will be measured for payment as described under
Section 3.0 "Structure Stone."
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials,
and incidentals necessary to construct the floodplain interceptor.
2.6 Pocket Wetland
Description
The work covered by this section consists of installing a pocket wetland in locations
shown on construction plans or as directed by the Designer. The pocket wetland is a
means of lowering the amount of fill material required to fill the abandoned stream
channel while increasing wildlife habitat and water quality on site. The quantity of pocket
wetlands are shown on the plans, but may be affected by the actual conditions that
occur during the construction of the project. The quantity of pocket wetlands may be
increased, decreased, or eliminated entirely at the direction of the Designer.
Materials
Rip Rap-Class B shall meet the requirements as outlined in "Structure Stone" in Section
3.0.
Installation
Construct each pocket wetland as shown on the plans and approved by the Designer. A
rock dam composed of Rip Rap-Class B will be installed at the end of the inlet swell and
at the head of the outlet swell. Each outlet swale shall tie into a floodplain interceptor.
Grade the wetland so that a bench is installed between the surface elevation and the
pool as shown on the plans.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of Rip Rap-Class B, to be paid for will be measured for payment as outlined
under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0. Grading will be considered incidental.
Basis of Payment
Rip Rap-Class B stone will be paid under Section 3.0, "Structure Stone".
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials,
and incidentals necessary to construct the pocket wetland.
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SECTION 3: STRUCTURES
3.0 Structure Stone
Description
The work covered by this section consists of furnishing, stockpiling, placing and
maintaining approved stone to be utilized to construct rock cross vanes, rock vanes, root
wad structures, stream plugs, stream crossings and for use in other locations as directed
by the Designer. The quantity of stone may be increased, decreased, or eliminated
entirely at the direction of the Designer. Such variations in quantity will not be considered
as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of the work.
Materials
Stone for Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone, "Rip Rap-Class A", "Rip Rap-Class B", and
"Boulder", shall consist of blasted stone or other stone approved by the Designer. The
stone shall be sound, tough, dense, resistant to the action of air and water, and suitable
in all other respects for the purpose intended.
All stone shall meet the approval of the Designer. While no specific gradation is
required, the various sizes of the stone shall be equally distributed within the required
size range. The size of an individual stone particle will be determined by measuring its
long dimension.
Acceptance Criteria for Stone
CLASS REQUIR ED STONE SIZES INCHES
Minimum
. Average Maximum
A 2 4 6
B 5 8 12
Boulder 30 36 72
No more than 5 percent of the material furnished can be less than the minimum size
specified. No more than 10 percent of the material can exceed the maximum size
specified.
Footer boulders meeting the required stone sizes shall be individually picked for use in
the structures. Boulders meeting the required stone sizes shall be individually picked for
use as the headers in the structures. Boulders shall be relatively flat on either side in the
same dimension, preferably the long dimension.
The Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone shall meet the requirements of Section 1005 of the
NCDOT Standard Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures,
2002) for No. 57 coarse aggregate.
Installation
The Contractor shall place stone, in locations shown on the construction plans to the
thickness, widths, and lengths as shown on the construction plans or as directed by the
Designer. All stone shall be placed to form a sediment and erosion control device, an in-
stream structure or a channel lining neatly and uniformly with an even surface in
accordance with the construction plans, and shall meet the approval of the Designer.
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Method of Measurement
The quantity of stone to be paid for will be the actual number of tons of stone that has
been incorporated into the work, or has been delivered to and stockpiled on the project
as directed by the Designer. Stone that has been stockpiled will not be measured a
second time. The stone will be measured by being weighed in trucks on certified
platform scales or other certified weighing devices.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of stone measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit
price per ton for, "Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone", "Rip Rap-Class A", "Rip Rap-Class
B", and "Boulder". Such price and payment will be full compensation for all work
covered by this section, including but not limited to furnishing, weighing, stockpiling, re-
handling, placing, and maintaining the stone and disposal of any materials not
incorporated into the project if directed by the Designer.
Payment will be made under:
Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone .............................................................................. Tons
Rip Rap-Class A ....................................................................................................... Tons
Rip Rap-Class B ....................................................................................................... Tons
Boulder ..................................................................................................................... Tons
3.1 Rock Vane
Description
This structure serves to decrease stress in the near-bank region while promoting
scouring in the downstream pool. Footer boulders are placed in the channel bottom for
stability. Header boulders are then placed on top of these footer boulders in the middle
of the channel at approximately the same elevation as the riffle. Boulders are placed at
an angle to the stream bank, gradually inclining in elevation until they are located at the
bankfull surface directly adjacent to the streambank. Water flowing downstream is
forced over these boulders towards the middle of the channel, effectively scouring out a
pool below. The quantity of rock vanes may be increased, decreased, or eliminated
entirely at the direction of the Designer. Such variations in quantity will not be considered
as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of the work. (See
rock vane detail on the construction plans.)
Materials
All materials shall meet the requirements of Boulder, Rip Rap-Class A, and Coarse
Aggregate, No. 57 Stone as outlined under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0.
Installation
A trench shall be dug in such a manner that the footer boulders and at least 1/3 of the
header boulders are buried beneath the bed surface elevation. The rock vane shall
extend from the edge of the bankfull channel into 1/3 of the bankfull channel width at a
20 to 30 degree angle. The rock vane angle shall be measured upstream from the
tangent line where the rock vane intercepts the bank. Refer to the construction plans for
exact installation guide and locations of rock vanes to be installed. An excavator, with a
bucket that includes a hydraulic thumb, shall be used to place boulders under the
supervision of the Designer. Header and footer boulders shall meet the required stone
sizes as indicated in the "Structure Stone" section. Footer boulders shall be placed first
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with header boulders placed on top of but offset upstream of the footer boulders as
shown in the plans prior to any back filling of the trench. Boulders shall be selected and
positioned such that they butt tightly together and there are multiple contact points
between all boulders (flat smooth surfaces that fit together). Filter fabric shall be placed
on the upstream side of the structure to prevent the washout of sediment through
boulder gaps. Filter fabric shall extend from the bottom of the footer boulder to the
finished grade elevation and shall be placed the entire length of the structure. Gaps
between boulders shall be filled with a combination of Rip Rap-Class A and Coarse
Aggregate, No. 57 Stone until plugged. In the center portion of the channel, the header
boulder shall be placed such that the top of the header boulder is at an elevation equal
to the bed elevation. The header boulders shall be placed in such a manner as they
slope up from bed elevation to reach the bankfull stage at a 2 to 7 percent slope.
Header and footer boulders shall be tied in securely to the bank in such a way that
eliminates the possibility of water diverting around them. A rock sill shall be utilized to
further prevent water from cutting around the structure. Structures shall be built to the
approval of the Designer. The area between the streambank and the rock vane on the
upstream side of the structure will be backfilled with Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone.
The Designer may adjust the number and placement of structures in the field.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of Boulder, Rip Rap-Class A, and Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone to be
paid for will not be measured for payment under this section. Filter fabric shall be
incidental.
Basis of Payment
Payment for installation of Boulder, Rip Rap-Class A, and Coarse Aggregate No. 57
Stone shall be paid for as outlined under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0.
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, hauling,
placing, handling, sorting, fitting, materials, and incidentals necessary to construct the
rock vane.
3.2 Rock Cross Vane
Description
A rock cross vane is primarily used for grade control. This structure serves to maintain
the integrity of the upstream riffle while promoting scouring in the downstream pool. The
design shape is roughly that of the letter "U" with the apex located on the upstream side
at the foot of the riffle. Footer boulders are placed in the channel bottom for stability.
Header boulders are then placed on top of but offset upstream of these footer boulders
as shown in the plans. Header boulders in the middle of the channel are at
approximately the same elevation as the riffle. On either side of the channel, wing
boulders are placed at an angle to the stream bank, gradually inclining in elevation until
they are located at the bankfull surface directly adjacent to the streambank. Water
flowing downstream is forced over these boulders towards the middle of the channel on
either side of the structure, effectively scouring out a pool below. Boulders placed at the
apex hold back streambed material and prevent it from washing downstream. The
quantity of rock cross vanes may be increased, decreased, or eliminated entirely at the
direction of the Designer. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as
alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of the work. (See
rock cross vane detail on the construction plans.)
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Materials
All materials shall meet the requirements of Boulder, Rip Rap-Class A, and Coarse
Aggregate, No. 57 Stone as outlined under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0.
Installation
A trench shall be dug in such a manner that the footer boulders, the cross header
boulders and at least 1/3 of the wing header boulders are buried beneath the bed
surface elevation. The rock cross vane arms shall extend from the edges of the bankfull
channel into 1/3 of the bankfull channel width at 20 to 30 degree angles. The rock cross
vane arm angles shall be measured upstream from the tangent line where the vane
intercepts the bank. Refer to the construction plans for exact installation guide and
locations of rock cross vanes to be installed. An excavator, with a bucket that includes a
hydraulic thumb, shall be used to place boulders under the supervision of the Designer.
Header and footer boulders shall meet the required stone sizes as indicated in the
"Structure Stone" section. Footer boulders shall be placed first with header boulders
placed on top of but offset upstream of the footer boulders as shown in the plans prior to
any back filling of the trench. Boulders shall be selected and positioned such that they
butt tightly together and there are multiple contact points between all boulders (flat
smooth surfaces that fit together). Filter fabric shall be placed on the upstream side of
the structure to prevent the washout of sediment through boulder gaps. Filter fabric shall
extend from the bottom of the footer boulder to finished grade elevation on the upstream
side of the structure. Filter fabric shall be placed the entire length of the structure. Gaps
between boulders shall be filled with a combination of Rip Rap-Class A and Coarse
Aggregate, No. 57 Stone until plugged. In the center, or cross, portion of the channel,
the header boulder shall be placed such that the top of the header boulder is at an
elevation equal to the bed elevation. The header boulders in the side, or wing, portion
shall be placed in such a manner as they slope up from bed elevation, at the cross
portion, to the bankfull stage at a 2 to 7 percent slope. Header and footer boulders at
both banks shall be tied in securely to the bank in such a way that eliminates the
possibility of water diverting around them. A rock sill shall be utilized to further prevent
water from cutting around the structure. The area between the streambank and both
vanes on the upstream side of the structure will be backfilled with Coarse Aggregate,
No. 57 Stone. Structures shall be built to the approval of the Designer. The Designer
may adjust the number and placement of structures in the field.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of Boulder, Rip Rap-Class A, and Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone to be
paid for will not be measured for payment under this section. Filter fabric will be
incidental.
Basis of Payment
Payment for installation of Boulder, Rip Rap-Class A, and Coarse Aggregate, No. 57
Stone shall be paid for as outlined under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0.
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, hauling,
placing, handling, sorting, fitting, materials, and incidentals necessary to construct the
rock cross vane.
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3.3 Root Wad
Description
The objectives of this structure is to: (1) protect the streambank from erosion; (2) provide
in-stream and overhead cover for fish; (3) provide shade, detritus, insect habitat; (4) look
natural; and, (5) provide diversity of habitats. In areas along the streambank where
there is no remaining deep rooting vegetation, a footer log and boulder are placed on the
channel bottom and abut the streambank along an outside meander. This provides
support for the root wad and additionally stability to the bank. A large tree root wad is
then placed in the streambank with additional boulders on either side for stability. This
structure deflects flowing water away from the bank and towards the center of the
channel. The quantity of root wads may be increased, decreased, or eliminated entirely
at the direction of the Designer. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as
alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of the work. (See
root wad detail on construction plans.)
Materials
All materials shall meet the approval of the Designer. Trees to be used for the root wads
shall be provided by the Contractor. The root mass shall have a diameter between 3
and 6 feet. Loose soil shall be removed from the root mass. Care must be taken to
protect the root mass. The tree shall have been alive when recently removed from the
ground. The trunk shall extend 15-20 feet from root mass and may be cut to a point at
the end. Tree basal diameter shall be a minimum of 10 inches. Hardwoods shall be
used; softwoods such as pine or poplar shall not be accepted.
Footer logs of a 10-inch minimum basal diameter shall be pruned with blunt ends.
Footer logs shall be between 7 to 15 feet long depending on the amount of root wads to
be installed and their dimensions. Longer footer logs will be required in areas where
multiple root wads can be placed and/or where larger diameter root wads will be used.
Footer logs shall extend a minimum of 2 feet on either side of the root ball. Hardwoods
shall be used; softwoods such as pine or poplar shall not be accepted.
All boulder materials shall meet the requirements of "Boulder" in Section 3.0, "Structure
Stone".
Installation
The preferred method for installation is to drive the trunk of the root wads into the
streambank using an excavator that contains a hydraulic thumb. The root mass shall be
oriented in such a way that the velocity vectors of the water will intersect the root mass
at a 90-degree angle. There shall be no void between the root mass and the bank on the
upstream side of the channel or the bottom of the channel and the root wads. A boulder
shall be placed on the downstream side between the root mass and the bank to provide
erosion control. The boulder shall meet the required stone sizes as indicated in the
"Structure Stone" section. If the root wad is driven into the bank, a footer log is not
required. The Contractor is responsible for making sure the root wad will not be driven
into any utilities prior to installation.
If it is not possible to drive the trunk into the bank, a trench shall be dug in the bank and
the trunk shall be placed in the trench. The trench shall be backfilled and compacted. A
trench shall be dug along the toe of the bank to a depth of %2 the diameter of the footer
log. A pruned footer log shall be placed at the toe of the channel and the root wad shall
17
be placed directly above it in the locations directed on the construction plans, as directed
by the Designer. The root mass shall be oriented in such a way that the velocity vectors
of the water will intersect the root mass at a 90-degree angle. There shall be no void
between the root mass and the bank on the upstream side of the channel or the bottom
of the channel and the root wad. A boulder shall be placed on the downstream side
between the root mass and the bank to provide erosion control. The Contractor is
responsible for making sure all trenching activities will not interfere with any utilities prior
to trenching. The boulder shall meet the required stone sizes as indicated in the
"Structure Stone" section
A 6-inch berm shall be constructed on the bank running parallel to the stream
approximately 2 - 3 feet behind the root wad. The berm will divert water leaving the
floodplain and reentering the channel away from the streambank where the root wad is
installed.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of root wads to be paid for will be the actual number of root wads installed
and accepted by the Designer. Footer logs will be considered incidental to the
installation of the root wads.
The quantity of boulders to be paid for will not be measured for payment under this
section.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of root wads will be paid for at the contract unit price per stem for "Root
Wads." The cost of the footer logs are considered incidental to the various items
involved in the construction of the structures.
Payment for installation of boulders shall be paid for as outlined under "Structure Stone"
in Section 3.0.
Such price and payment will be full compensation for all work covered by this section,
including but not limited to furnishing, weighing, stockpiling, rehandling, placing, and
maintaining root wad structure and disposal of any materials not incorporated into the
project if directed by the Designer.
Payment will be made under:
Root Wads ................................................................................................................... EA
3.3 Permanent Stream Crossin
Description
This structure will serve as a means of crossing the proposed channel to allow access to
both the left and right side of the stream. The stream crossing will be constructed as
approved by the designer (see "permanent stream crossing" detail on the construction
plans.)
Materials
All material shall meet the requirements of Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone and Rip
Rap-Class A, as outlined in "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0. Filter fabric shall be Type 3
engineering fabric, Class A or B meeting the requirements of Section 1056 of the
18
NCDOT Standard Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures,
2002). Farm gate and fencing will not be provided under this contract.
Installation
Keep clearing and excavation of the stream banks and bed and approach sections to a
minimum. Construct permanent stream crossing while stream is dry (i.e. during pump
around). Keep stream crossing at right angles to the stream flow. Ensure that
permanent measures needed to control erosion from road water runoff (such as riprap
and paved channels, paved flumes, or riprap outlet protection) meet all construction
requirements for those practices.
Construct stream crossing with a minimum 10-foot width as shown on construction
plans. Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone will be placed on the left and right banks at a
minimum depth of six inches. Rip Rap-Class A will be placed within the channel at a
minimum depth of eight inches. The structure shall be constructed as directed on
construction plans and approved by the Designer.
Maintenance
Inspect permanent stream crossings periodically and after major storms to check for
channel blockage, erosion of abutments, channel degradation, riprap displacement,
slope failure, and piping. Make all needed repairs immediately to prevent further
damage to the installation.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of stone, Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone and Rip Rap-Class A, to be paid
for will be measured for payment as outlined under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0.
Filter fabric will be incidental. Farm gate and fencing will not be provided under this
contract.
Basis of Payment
Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone and Rip Rap-Class A stone will be paid under Section
3.0, "Structure Stone".
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials,
and incidentals necessary to construct the stream crossing.
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SECTION 4: EROSION CONTROL
4.0 Temporary Gravel Construction Entrance
Description
The work covered by this section consists of furnishing, installing, and maintaining and
removing any and all material required for the construction of temporary gravel
construction entrances and access road maintenance.
The Contractor shall coordinate with the landowner to determine the exact location of the
temporary gravel construction entrances.
Sediment and erosion control measures shall be conducted along the construction
access roads to the project site. The Contractor shall maintain the access roads for the
duration of the project. Upon completion of the project, the Contractor shall return the
temporary gravel construction entrances and access roads to a condition that meets or
exceeds its pre-construction condition. Additionally, repair of any erosional areas that
have resulted from construction activities will be the responsibility of the Contractor.
Materials
All materials shall meet the requirements of Rip Rap-Class A as outlined under
"Structure Stone" in Section 3.0. Geotextile fabric shall also be utilized.
Installation
The Contractor shall install and maintain temporary gravel construction entrances in
accordance with the details in the plans. Initially, the Contractor shall coordinate with the
landowner to determine the exact location of the temporary gravel construction
entrances. A 6-inch minimum layer of Rip Rap-Class A stone shall be placed for the first
50 linear feet on geotextile fabric. The stone shall be rolled or tamped to provide an
even stable surface. Periodic top dressing will be required during the construction phase
to maintain the road. The remaining length of road extending from the end of the
temporary gravel construction entrances to the construction site shall be maintained in a
condition that meets or exceeds the pre-existing conditions. Soil or gravel shall be used
to address problem areas that arise due to construction traffic entering and leaving the
site. Upon completion of the project, the Contractor shall return the access roads to the
conditions that meets or exceeds the pre-existing conditions as directed by the Designer.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of the temporary gravel construction entrances to be paid for will be the
actual number of temporary gravel construction entrances installed and accepted by the
Designer. Geotextile fabric and all excavation shall be considered incidental to the
installation of the temporary gravel construction entrances. The quantity of Rip Rap-
Class A stone to be paid for will not be measured for payment under this section.
Basis of Payment:
Geotextile fabric and all excavation shall be considered incidental to the installation of
the temporary gravel construction entrances.
Payment for installation of Rip Rap-Class A stone shall be measured and paid for under
Section 3.0, "Structure Stone".
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Such price and payment shall be considered full compensation for all work covered by
this provision including all materials, construction, maintenance, and removal of
temporary gravel construction entrances as directed by the Designer.
4.1 Access Roads
Description
The work covered in this section consists of furnishing, stockpiling, placing and shaping
stone material for use in all access roads within the project limits.
Access roads on the project site shall be limited to the designated routes and locations
that are depicted on the construction plans.
A construction entrance shall be established according to the plans. Damage to any
existing access road or vegetation shall be repaired to a condition that is at least as
good as the condition before start of construction, as directed by the Designer.
Materials
The graded stone material shall consist of "Incidental Stone Base" meeting the
requirements in NCDOT Standard Specifications Section 545 (Standard Specifications
for Roads and Structures, 2002).
Installation
The stone material shall be uniformly spread over the area required and then shaped
and dressed to the satisfaction of the Designer.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of incidental stone base to be paid for will be the actual number of tons of
material that has been stockpiled or incorporated into the completed and accepted work.
This quantity will be measured as provided for in NCDOT Standard Specifications
Section 545 (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002). Incidental stone
base that has been stockpiled will not be measured more than one time.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of incidental stone base will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for
"Incidental Stone Base." The above's price and payment will be full compensation for all
work covered by this section including but not limited to furnishing, hauling, placing,
shaping, tamping when required, and maintaining the base; and disposing of any surplus
stockpiled material as approved by the Designer.
Payment will be made under:
Incidental Stone Base ................................................................................................. Ton
4.2 Temnorarv Impervious Dike
Description
The work covered by this section consists of furnishing, installing, maintaining, and
removing a temporary impervious dike for purposes of diverting bankfull flow
around/through the construction site, to insure that the Contractor is working in dry
conditions during construction. Temporary impervious dikes will also be used for turning
the stream flow from the existing channel to the newly constructed channel or pump
21
around system. Construction of the impervious dike will be in areas identified on the
construction plans in the sequence listed in the "Construction Sequence of Events," as
directed by the Designer. The quantity of impervious dikes may be increased,
decreased, or eliminated entirely at the direction of the Designer. Such variations in
quantity will not be considered as alterations in the details of construction or a change in
the character of the work.
Materials
Acceptable materials shall include but are not limited to sheet piles, sandbags, and/or
the placement of an acceptable size stone lined with polypropylene or other impervious
fabric. Earth material shall not be used to construct an impervious dike unless
vegetation can be established before contact with the stream flow takes place.
Installation
The Contractor shall construct a temporary impervious dike in such a manner approved
by the Designer. The dike shall not permit seepage of water into the construction area
or contribute to siltation of the stream. The impervious dike shall be constructed of an
acceptable material as directed by the Designer.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of impervious dike will not be measured for payment under this section.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of impervious dikes will be incidental to the temporary diversion. The
above prices and payments will be full compensation for all work covered by this section
including, but not limited to furnishing all of the necessary materials, construction,
maintenance and removal of the impervious dike.
4.3 Pump Around Operation
Description
The work covered by this section consists of furnishing, installing, maintaining and
removing any and all pump around systems and required materials used on this project.
The Contractor shall install a pump around system in locations chosen by the Contractor
and approved by the Designer that is adequate to pump average daily flow around
construction activities. Average daily flow rate is approximately 3.4 cfs (Low-Flow
Characteristics of Streams in North Carolina, 1991). The Contractor shall field verify the
flow rate. The pump around system shall adequately dewater the channel being
constructed. The number of pump arounds may be increased, decreased, or eliminated
entirely at the direction of the Designer. Such variations in quantity will not be considered
as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of the work. (See
example of pump around operation detail on the construction plans.)
Materials
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to provide all necessary materials including
but not limited to pipe/hose, special stilling basin with rock pads, pumps, and all
materials and apparatus required to maintain pumping activities as required during
construction for the duration of the project.
22
Installation
All water shall be pumped through a special stilling basin with rock pad. Follow details
for the pump around. Once the work is complete in an area remove the pump system.
Place structures in the area and stabilize immediately (e.g., seed and mulch) following
removal of pump around system.
Method of Measurement
Pump around shall be lump sum. This shall include multiple installations and removals
of system.
Basis of Payment
Payment will be made under:
Pump Around Operation ............................................................................................... LS
The above prices and payments will be full compensation for all work covered by this
section including, but not limited to furnishing all of the necessary materials,
construction, maintenance and removal of the impervious dike and pump around
system.
4.4 Coir Fiber Mat
Description
Furnish materials, install and maintain coir fiber matting in locations shown on the
construction plans or in locations as directed by the Designer. Work includes providing
all materials, excavating and backfilling, and placing and securing coir fiber matting.
Coir fiber matting will only be used in locations identified on the construction plans or
specified by the Designer.
Materials
Matting:
Provide coir fiber matting to meet the following specifications:
Physical Specification (Roll)
Material 100 percent coir twine woven into high strength mat (matting)
Thickness 0.30 in.
Tensile Strength 1348 x 626 lb/ft.
Elongation 34% x 38%
Flexibility 65030 x 29590 mg/cm
Flow Velocity Observed 11 ft./sec.
Weight 20 oz/SY
Size 6.6 x 164 ft 120 s
"C" Factor 0.002
Open Area measured 50%
Stakes:
Provide stakes made of a biodegradable material with a hook to anchor matting. Stakes
shall be installed to no less than 2 feet for use on side slopes and no less than 3 feet for
areas at the toe of slope.
23
Installation
Install the coir fiber matting immediately upon final grading. Provide a smooth soil
surface free from stones, clods, or debris that will prevent the contact of the matting with
the soil. Apply permanent seed mix covered with straw mulch prior to installing matting.
Coir fiber matting shall be installed only in the riffle, run, and outside meander sections.
Begin installation at the upstream end of the channel by anchoring the matting in a 12-
inch deep and 12-inch wide initial anchor trench. Backfill and compact the trench after
staking with 5 evenly spaced stakes. Install matting in the direction of flow. Install
matting loosely and in full contact with the soil such that there are no creases in the
matting. Secure the top slope end of the matting a minimum of 5 feet beyond the top of
bank by anchoring in a 6-inch deep by 6-inch wide trench, staking, backfilling and
compacting. The edges of the parallel matting must be staked with approximately 6
inches of overlap such that the edge of the downstream matting is under the one just up-
slope. When matting must be spliced down the slope, install matting end-over-end
(shingle style) with approximately 6 inches of overlap and stake. Install stakes across the
matting at ends, junctions and trenches approximately 1.3 feet apart. Install stakes
down the center of each strip of matting and along all lapped edges approximately 2 feet
apart. Excess matting at the toe of the slope shall be trimmed (if necessary) and
secured by anchoring in a 6-inch deep by 6-inch wide trench, staking (as described
above), backfilling and compacting. Provide a final anchor trench, 12 inches deep by 12
inches wide, at the downstream limits of the application area. Stake the matting as
described above, backfill and compact.
The Designer may require adjustments in the trenching or staking requirements to fit
individual site conditions.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of coir fiber matting measured will be paid for according to the actual
number of square yards measured along the surface of the ground over which the coir
fiber matting is installed and accepted by the Designer.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of coir fiber matting, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the
contract unit price per square yard for "coir fiber matting". The cost of the stakes is
considered incidental to the various items involved in the construction of the matting.
Such price and payment will be full compensation for all work covered by this section,
including but not limited to furnishing, placing, stabilizing, staking, and maintaining coir
fiber matting.
Payment will be made under:
Coir Fiber Matting ........................................................................................................ SY
4.5 Temporary Silt Fence
Description
Furnish material, construct, maintain, and remove temporary silt fence in locations
shown on the plans or in locations that require surface drainage to be filtered.
24
Materials
Posts:
Provide wood or steel post meeting the following requirements:
Wood post:
- Minimum 6 feet long.
- Minimum 3 inches in nominal diameter.
- Straight enough to provide a fence without noticeable misalignment.
- Structurally sound enough to support fence loading.
Steel post:
- Minimum 5 feet long.
- Minimum 1 3/8 inches wide measured parallel to the fence.
- Minimum weight of 1.25 lb/ft of length.
- Equipped with an anchor plate with minimum area of 14.0 square inches.
- Have a means of retaining wire and fabric in the desired position without
displacement.
Woven Wire Fence:
Provide woven wire fence meeting the following requirements:
- Minimum 32 inches high.
- Minimum 5 horizontal wires.
- Vertical wires spaced 12 inches apart.
- Minimum 10 gage top and bottom wires.
- Minimum 12 1/2 gage all other wires.
Filter Fabric:
Provide Type 3 engineering fabric, Class A or B meeting the requirements of Section
1056 of the NCDOT Standard Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads and
Structures, 2002).
Attachment Device:
Provide No. 9 staple with a minimum length of 1 1/2 inches or other approved
attachment device (e.g., plastic tie). The stone material shall be uniformly spread over
the area required and then shaped and dressed to the satisfaction of the Designer.
Installation
Install in locations as shown on the plans or as directed. Install wire and fabric as shown
in the plans. Class B synthetic filter fabric may be used without the woven wire fence
backing, subject to the following conditions: maximum post spacing of 6 feet, fabric is
approved by the Designer, and post spacing is inclined toward the runoff source, at an
angle of not more than 20 degrees from vertical. Install post with no more than 3 feet of
the post appearing above ground. Attach filter fabric to the wire fence with wire or other
acceptable methods. Overlap filter fabric a minimum of 18 inches at splice joints. Install
fabric that is free of defects, rips, holes, flaws, deterioration, or damage.
Maintenance and Removal
Maintain the silt fence until the project is accepted or until the fence is removed.
Remove and replace deteriorated or ineffective filter fabric. Remove and dispose of silt
accumulations in accordance with Section 1630 of the NCDOT Standard Specifications
(Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002) when necessary or as
directed. Leave silt fence in place until site stabilization and remove at project
completion. Removed silt fence becomes the property of the Contractor. Dress, seed
25
and mulch all areas where silt fence is removed in accordance with the permanent
seeding specification.
Method of Measurement
Temporary silt fence will be measured by the linear foot, as accepted in place, along the
ground line of the fence. Removal and disposal of silt accumulations will be incidental.
Seeding and mulching will be measured as provided in the seeding specification.
Basis of Payment
Payment will be made for quantities as measured in Article 1605-5 of the NCDOT
Standard Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002) for the
pay items listed below. The provisions of Article 104-5 of the NCDOT Standard
Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002) pertaining to
revised contract prices for overrunning minor items will not apply to this item. No revision
in the contract unit price will be allowed because of any overrun or underrun. This
payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials, and
incidentals necessary for the temporary silt fences.
Payment will be made under:
Temporary Silt Fence .................................................................................................... LF
4.6 Rock Dam
Description
Construct, maintain, and remove devices placed in ditches, diversions or swales to
reduce water velocity and contain sediment. The actual conditions which occur during
the construction of the project will determine the quantity of temporary rock dams
constructed. The quantity of rock dams may be increased, decreased, or eliminated
entirely as directed. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as alterations in
the details of construction or a change in the character of the work.
Materials
Refer to Division 10: Stone for Erosion Control, Class B Article 1042-1 of the NCDOT
Standard Specifications (Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2002) and
Section 1005 for Sediment Control Stone. Stone for Erosion Control, Class B shall be
Rip Rap-Class B, and Sediment Control Stone shall be Coarse Aggregate, No. 57
Stone.
Installation
Rip Rap-Class B in the channel, ditch, diversion or swale with approximately 2:1 side
slopes. Place Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone, approximately 12 inches thick on the
upstream side. Construct rock dam as shown on the plans and at other locations as
directed.
Maintenance and Removal
Maintain the rock dams, and remove and dispose of silt accumulations at the rock dams
immediately following any precipitation event. Remove rock dams as the project phase
nears completion. The actual time of removal will be as directed. After removal of rock
dams, dress the area to blend with existing contours and seed and mulch the area in
accordance with permanent seeding specification.
26
Method of Measurement
The quantity of Rip Rap-Class B and Coarse Aggregate, No. 57 Stone to be paid for will
not be measured for payment under this section.
Basis of Payment
Payment for installation of Rip Rap-Class B and Coarse Aggregate No. 57 Stone shall
be paid for as outlined under "Structure Stone" in Section 3.0.
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, hauling,
placing, handling, sorting, fitting, materials, and incidentals necessary to construct the
rock vane.
27
SECTION 5: VEGETATION
5.0 Specifications for the Establishment of Veaetation
It is mandatory that the Contractor provide, or subcontract with, a Planting Supervisor
that has one of the following credentials: Certified Landscape Technician, Certified Plant
Professional, Registered Forester, or Registered Landscape Contractor. The appropriate
certification or registration information will be provided to Restoration Systems, LLC in
the bid package at the bid opening. Bid proposals will be reviewed for the required
credentials.
The Planting Supervisor will be responsible for managing and being on site during all
activities involving permanent planting, including but not limited to the following: site
preparation for planting, exotic plant removal, seedling handling and storage, planting
operations, quality control inspections, managing plant competition. Activities associated
with permanent planting that are not supervised by the Planting Supervisor are to be
halted by the Designer and are not to be approved for payment.
Restoration Systems, LLC will provide all plants except for the seeding and live stakes,
which will be provided by the Contractor. Tree and shrub plantings shall consist of
species in the quantities and sizes as stipulated in Tables 1 and 2. During planting,
individual stem placement will be randomized, mixed, and grouped, at the direction of
the Designer, in order to replicate a natural buffer community.
The Contractor shall warrant an 80 percent survival rate against defects including
mortality and poor growth, except for defects resulting from abuse by other parties and
abnormal weather conditions. The Designer will develop a remedial planting plan, if
necessary, based upon the first-year monitoring report. The remedial planting plan will
be implemented by the Contractor and overseen by the Designer. The remedial planting
plan should include the components of site preparation, competition control, and re-
planting.
A serious effort shall be made to retain and protect existing specimen vegetation that is
well established, healthy and appropriately sited alongside the impacted channel as
directed by the Designer. The planting of any species of fescue grass on site is
prohibited.
5.1 Eradication of Exotic Species
Description
Prior to the re-vegetation phase of the project, non-native floral species shall be
removed. Exotic species currently identified within the project area include Chinese
privet (Ligustrum sinense) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica).
Management procedures described below are based upon recommendations taken from
the Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual.
Materials
Rodeo® or equal herbicide (glyphosate - aquatic label) designated as suitable for
extermination of trees and shrubs in riparian and wetland areas is allowable as a
herbicide. Personnel performing herbicide application will have a commercial license as
28
required by the North Carolina Pesticide Board and all work will comply with the North
Carolina Pesticide Law of 1971 and applicable federal laws.
Installation
Environmental conditions including weather, wind, temperature and period of the
growing season will be evaluated and will comply with the manufacturer's requirements
prior to initiation of herbicide application. The sequence of removal procedures will be
coordinated with planned seeding and planting tasks.
The first step in removal will consist of cutting exotic stems and trunks to a maximum
height of two inches above ground surface. The cut materials will be disposed off site or
by burning as directed by the Designer. Immediately after cutting, an application of
Rodeo@ or equal herbicide (glyphosate - aquatic label), designated as suitable for
extermination of trees and shrubs in riparian and wetland areas, will be applied to freshly
cut stems and stumps according to the manufacturer's instructions. This application will
be completed a minimum of two weeks prior to construction activities.
Two weeks after herbicide application, all cut stems and stumps and other woody
remnants will be grubbed out, separated from the soil and disposed of as directed by the
Designer. After an additional two-week period, the application area will be inspected, in
conjunction with the Designer, to identify locations of exotic species regrowth. If
required, the Contractor will conduct another herbicide application to regrowth, as
directed by the Designer.
Method of Measurement
The eradication of exotic species shall be lump sum.
Basis of Payment
All work covered by this provision will be paid for at the contract lump sum price for
"Eradication of Exotic Species." This payment shall be considered full compensation for
all work covered by this section, including, but not limited to, furnishing, preparing, and
applying all materials necessary to perform exotic species removal, and includes
removal and disposal of all trunks, branches, and root debris.
Payment will be made under:
Eradication of Exotic Species ........................................................................................LS
5.2 Site Preparation: Ripping
Description
Upon completion of grading and stream excavation/channel filling related work, and prior
to the revegetation, the areas to be planted, as indicated in the plans shall be ripped.
Ripping shall not be performed within the top of banks of the restored stream nor at the
locations of installed in-stream structures, channel blocks, and ditch plugs.
Ripping shall be conducted utilizing a "v" ripper tillage tool. The "v" ripper tillage tool
shall have a minimum of three (3) shanks spaced a maximum of 20 inches apart and
have shanks of sufficient length capable of providing a minimum depth of 18 inches.
The tractor used to perform this work shall be of sufficient size and horsepower capable
of pulling this implement to the minimum specifications stated above. Each sequential
29
swath of the equipment shall be consistent in spacing and shall have a maximum of 20
inches between ripper (shank) rows.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of ripping to be paid for will be the actual number of acres (AC) measured
along the surface of the ground, which has been ripped.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of ripping, measured as provided for above, will be paid for at the contract
unit price per acre for "Ripping." Such price and payment will be full compensation for all
work covered by this provision, including but not limited to furnishing all materials,
equipment and labor necessary to complete the specified work.
Payment will be made under:
Ripping ........................................................................................................................ AC
5.3 Site Preparation: Discing
Description
Discing shall be performed in all mowed areas and all areas that have been ripped, as
indicated on the plans and as directed by the Designer. The disc harrow equipment
shall be either a tandem disc harrow or an offset disc harrow with a minimum of 18
blades, and sufficient weight and size to provide the eight inch minimum cutting depth
and mixing of vegetation debris.
In areas where discing is not feasible due to space constraints (i.e., between existing
trees), the Contractor shall utilize other mechanical or manual means to properly prepare
the ground surface, as directed by the Designer, prior to commencing any permanent
seeding and revegetation work.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of discing to be paid for will be the actual number of acres, measured along
the surface of the ground, which have been disced and accepted.
Basis of Payment
The quantity of discing, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit
price per acre for "Discing." Such price and payment will be full compensation for all
work covered by this provision, including but not limited to furnishing all materials,
equipment and labor necessary to complete the specified work.
Payment will be made under:
Discing ......................................................................................................................... AC
5.4 Temporary Seeding
Description
The work covered by this section consists of furnishing, installing, and maintaining all
material necessary to conduct seeding and mulching activities as shown on the plans
and as directed by the Designer.
30
Materials
The Contractor shall utilize fertilizer and/or limestone, if necessary, as described below.
Temporary seed mixtures shall consist of Kobe or Korean Lespedeza, German Millet, or
Browntop Millet during the summer months, and Rye Grain during the remainder of the
year. The Designer will determine the exact dates for using each kind of seed.
Installation
Prior to seeding, the Contractor shall conduct and submit soil analyses of the soil where
grading has occurred to the Designer. If the Contractor decides that fertilizer and/or
limestone is necessary to meet the performance standards described in Section 5.0, the
Contractor shall submit samples and descriptions of the fertilizer and/or limestone and
application rates to be used for approval by the Designer. For bidding purposes, the
Contractor shall assume that fertilizer and limestone will be applied at the rate of 500
lbs./acre and 4000 lbs./acre, respectively. The Contractor shall also assume that the
fertilizer will be 10-20-20 analysis for bidding purposes.
Temporary seed mixtures shall be applied at a rate of 50 lbs./acre. Seeded areas are to
be protected by spreading straw mulch uniformly to form a continuous blanket over
seeded areas.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of seed, fertilizer, and/or limestone measured will be paid for according to
the actual number of acres that have been seeded with temporary species, fertilized,
and/or applied with limestone and approved by the Designer. Mulch shall be considered
incidental.
Basis of Payment
Payment for temporary seeding will be the actual number of acres that have been
temporarily seeded, fertilized, and/or applied with limestone and approved by the
Designer. Such price and payment will be full compensation for all work covered by this
provision, including but not limited to, furnishing and placing all materials and watering
associated with seeding. Mulch shall be considered incidental.
Payment will be made under:
Temporary Seeding ..................................................................................................... AC
Fertilizer ....................................................................................................................... AC
Limestone .................................................................................................................... AC
5.5 Permanent Seeding
Description
Permanent seeding will be required below the bankfull elevation on the stream banks, in
the riparian buffer, remnants of the filled channel, floodplain pool areas, and all staging
and stockpiling areas. Only certified seed shall be allowed.
Permanent seeding shall occur in conjunction with temporary seeding where applicable.
Ideally, permanent seeding shall occur during the planting season for each seed type.
Areas treated with fertilizer and/or limestone for temporary seeding shall be considered
sufficiently treated for permanent seeding; additional fertilizer and/or limestone will not
be required for permanent seeding in these areas. Areas where temporary seeding was
31
not performed should have fertilizer and/or limestone added if needed as described in
Section 5.4.
Materials
The Contractor shall utilize the permanent seed mixtures provided in Table 1. The
Contractor shall provide detailed information including but not limited to germination
rates, noxious weed seeds and date and location of harvest on seed mix. The Designer
must approve seed mix and rate prior to application. The Contractor shall utilize fertilizer
and/or limestone, if necessary, as described in Section 5.4.
Installation
Prior to seeding, the Contractor shall conduct and submit soil analyses of the soil where
grading has occurred to the Designer as described in Section 5.4. If the Contractor
decides that fertilizer and/or limestone is necessary to meet the performance standards
described in Section 5.0, the Contractor shall submit samples and descriptions of the
fertilizer and/or limestone and application rates to be used for approval by the Designer.
For bidding purposes, the Contractor shall assume that fertilizer and limestone will be
applied at the rate of 500 lbs./acre and 4000 lbs./acre, respectively. The Contractor
shall also assume that the fertilizer will be 10-20-20 analysis for bidding purposes.
The Contractor shall loosen the sub-grade to a minimum depth of 4 inches and graded
to a smooth surface with a loose, uniformly fine texture. The Contractor is to limit sub
grade and finish grade preparation to areas that will be planted immediately. Prepared
areas are to be moistened prior to seeding when soil is dry but care shall be taken not to
create muddy conditions. Prepared areas are to be restored if eroded or otherwise
distributed after fine grading and before planting.
Seed shall be sown with a spreader or a seeding machine. Seed is not to be broadcast
or dropped when wind velocity exceeds 5 mph. Seed shall be evenly distributed by
sowing in two directions at right angles to each other. Wet seed or seed that is moldy or
otherwise damaged in transit or storage is not to be used. After being sown, the seed
shall be raked into the top 1/9 inch of the topsoil, lightly rolled, and watered with fine
spray. Seeded areas on stream banks shall be protected with coir fiber matting. Other
seeded areas are to be protected by spreading straw mulch uniformly to form a
continuous blanket over seeded areas. Straw mulch is to be spread by hand, blower, or
other suitable equipment.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of permanent seed to be paid for will be the actual number of acres that
have been permanently seeded and approved by the Designer. Fertilizer and limestone
shall be measured and paid for under Section 5.4. Mulch shall be considered incidental.
Basis of Payment
Payment for permanent seeding will be the actual number of acres (AC) that have been
permanently seeded and approved by the Designer. Fertilizer and limestone shall be
paid for under Section 5.4. Such price and payment will be full compensation for all work
covered by this provision, including but not limited to, furnishing and placing all materials
and watering associated with seeding. Mulch shall be considered incidental.
Payment will be made under:
Permanent Seeding ..................................................................................................... AC
32
5.6 Live Staking
Description
The work covered by this section consists of furnishing, installing and maintaining live
stakes as shown on the plans and Table 2 or in locations as directed by the Designer.
Work includes providing all materials necessary to install the live stake cuttings.
Materials
The Contractor will provide all live stakes as shown in the plans and Table 2. All plant
material shall be harvested locally (within the same physiographic ecoregion and plant
hardiness zone) or purchased from a local nursery, with the approval of the Designer.
Live stakes obtained from a nursery must meet the same physiographic ecoregion and
plant hardiness zone requirements as harvested stakes. The Designer must approve the
live stakes as well as their source of supply.
All live stakes shall be dormant at time of acquisition and planting. Live stakes can be
installed between November 15 and May 15. Live stakes shall be %2-1'h inch in
diameter. Stakes shall also be 2 - 4 feet in length.
During preparation, the basal ends of the live stakes shall be cleanly cut at an angle to
facilitate easy insertion into the soil, while the tops shall be cut square or blunt for
tamping. All limbs shall be removed from the sides of the live cutting prior to installation.
Installation
Cuttings for live stakes shall be harvested in a manner such that they are cut,
immediately put into water to be soaked for ten days, and then planted immediately after
the ten days are completed. Cuttings shall remain wet until they are planted. Outside
storage locations should be continually shaded and protected from wind and direct
sunlight.
Live stakes shall be tamped perpendicularly into the finished bank slope with a dead
blow hammer, with buds oriented in an upward direction. Stakes should be tamped until
approximately 3/4 of the stake length is within the ground. The area around each live
stake shall be compacted by foot after the live stake has been installed. One to two
inches shall be cut cleanly off of the top of each live stake (with loppers) at an angle of
approximately 15 degrees following installation. Any stakes that are split or damaged
during installation shall be removed and replaced.
Method of Measurement
The Contractor shall provide all live stakes. The quantity of live staking measured and
accepted, will be paid for at the contract unit bid price per each live stake for "Live
Staking".
Basis of Payment
The Contractor shall provide all live stakes. The quantity of live staking, measured as
provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per each (EA) live stake for
"Live Staking". The above prices and payments will be considered full compensation for
all work covered by this section, including but not limited to furnishing, and installing all
live stakes.
33
Payment will be made under:
Live Staking ................................................................................................................. EA
5.7 Bare Root Seedlings
Description
The work covered by this section consists of installing and maintaining bare rootstock at
locations described on the plans and Table 2 or in locations as directed by the Designer
in accordance with these specifications. The work of planting includes planting bed
preparation, initial planting, plant establishment, and replacement planting. Restoration
Systems, LLC will provide all bare root seedlings.
Materials
Restoration Systems, LLC will provide all bare root seedlings as shown in the plans and
Table 2. Restoration Systems, LLC will provide the species, in the quantities and sizes,
as stipulated Table 2. Hardwood species planted as bare root seedlings must have a
minimum of four first order lateral roots (FOLK) that exceed 1 mm in diameter. Seedlings
that do not possess the minimum number of FOLR will be culled from planting.
Hardwood bare root seedlings that will form the canopy must have a minimum root collar
diameter (RCD) of 3/8-inch. Seedlings with lesser RCD's will be culled from planting. For
species of bare root seedlings that do not typically exhibit RCD's of 3/8-inch, such as
bald cypress or river birch, a minimum RCD of 1/4-inch may be allowed, with the
permission of the Designer.
The planting stock should be grown by nurseries within the same physiographic province
and plant hardiness zone of North Carolina within 200 miles of the project site. The
seed sources for the plant material should also match the physiographic province and
plant hardiness zone of the area to be planted. Plant stock or seed mixes may be
obtained from nurseries beyond the 200-mile limit with the approval of the Designer.
Installation
The storage, handling, and planting of bare root seedlings will follow the procedures
outlined in the NC Division of Forest Resources' (NCFS) Pocket Guide to Seedling Care
and Planting Standards, 4th Edition, which can be obtained at all NCFS county offices.
Planting will not take place on `Severe Days' as defined by the Pocket Guide To
Seedling Care and Planting Standards.
Installation of the bare root vegetation shall be located in designated areas along the
streambank above and below bankfull elevation as described in the plans and Table 2 or
as directed by the Designer. All hardwood seedlings will be planted with shovels or
augers rather than with a hoe-dad, KBC bar, or OST bar. The Designer will monitor the
planting operation to enforce correct planting techniques. Each planted bare root
seedling must be mulched with two flakes from a bale of hay.
The Designer will conduct inspections, per the NCFS guidelines, during the planting of
all permanent vegetation. The attached NCFS document Tree Planting Quality Control
Inspection is to be filled out by the Designer. Randomly placed quality control sampling
plots (non-permanent) are to be 1/100 acre in size and a minimum of five plots should be
sampled per 1000 linear feet of riparian area or every 3 acres of wetland area. Seedlings
are to be examined for above-ground and below-ground defects (two trees per plot) that
34
include but are not limited to the following: cull seedlings; planted excessively deep or
shallow; more than one tree per planting location; loosely planted seedlings; excessively
leaning seedlings; dead or damaged seedlings; cull seedling (RCD/FOLR); debris in
planting hole; `J', `U', or `L' rooted seedlings; and twisted roots.
Calculations of correctly planted trees per acre will be developed on-site and corrective
actions will be taken to meet the prescribed number of correctly planted seedlings per
acre. If remedial actions are necessary, the Designer is to inspect the site again using
the same procedures outlined above and a second set of Tree Planting Quality Control
Inspection documents are to be completed.
Method of Measurement
Tree Planting Quality Control Inspection documents are to be reported to the Restoration
Systems project manager upon satisfactory completion of the planting. The Designer will
determine the number of trees correctly planted per acre (adjusted for defects).
Restoration Systems, LLC will provide all bare root seedlings as shown in the plans and
Table 2, and the Contractor will install the plantings. Mulch shall be considered
incidental.
Basis of Payment
Tree Planting Quality Control Inspection documents are to be attached to the invoices.
The planting of seedlings will be paid for at the contract price for "Bare root Seedlings"
per the number of correctly planted stems. Restoration Systems, LLC will provide all
bare root seedlings as shown in the plans and Table 2, and the Contractor will install
them. This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, and
incidentals necessary for bare root seedlings. Mulch shall be considered incidental.
Payment will be made under:
Bare Root Seedling ...................................................................................................... EA
35
SECTION 6: COOPERATION BETWEEN CONTRACTORS
When separate or additional contracts are let within the limits of any one project, each
contractor shall conduct his work so as not to interfere with or hinder the progress or
completion of the work being performed by other contractors. Contractors working within
the limits of the same project shall cooperate with each other. Each contractor shall
conduct his operations in such a manner as to avoid damaging any work being
performed by others or that has been completed by others.
The owner will under no circumstances be liable for any claim for additional
compensation due to the acts of one contractor holding up the work of another. The
owner will under no circumstances be liable for any damages experienced by one
contractor as a result of the presence and operations of other contractors working within
the limits of the same project.
36
SECTION 7: TERMINOLOGY
• Bankfull - the level or stage of flow in a stream at which channel maintenance, i.e.
sediment transport, is most effective and results in the average morphologic
characteristics of the stream. The bankfull level does not necessarily coincide with
the "top of bank" in a stream.
• Channel - a natural or manmade waterway that continuously or intermittently carries
water.
• Coir fiber matting - coir (coconut) fiber woven into a natural twine matting that
supports vegetation establishment and is used for slope stabilization and erosion
protection on high velocity streambanks and intermittent flow channels.
• rock cross vane - an in-stream structure, spanning the entire bankfull channel,
constructed to replicate a natural rock stream feature that provides vertical grade
control of the streambed, stabilizes streambanks and decreases erosion, and
increases aquatic habitat diversity.
• Rock vane - an in-stream structure, spanning one-third to half of the bankfull
channel, constructed to replicate a natural rock stream feature that naturally
stabilizes streambanks by decreasing erosion and increasing aquatic habitat
diversity.
• Meander - a bend in a stream channel.
• Inside meander - the inside of the bend within the stream channel.
• Outside meander - the outside of the bend within the stream channel.
• Pool - a topographical low in the streambed profile that is produced naturally by
scour and is characterized by slow moving water and finer-grained bed particles.
• Riffle - a topographical high in the streambed profile created by the accumulation of
relatively coarse-grained bed materials and is characterized by faster moving water.
• Riparian buffer - an undisturbed, vegetated strip of land adjacent to a watercourse.
• Root wad - an in-stream structure composed of a portion of the bole and rootball of
a tree embedded in the streambank that is intended to replicate the natural presence
of large woody debris in a stream. A root wad serves to stabilize streambanks,
decrease erosion and increase aquatic habitat diversity.
• Run - the section of a stream profile that constitutes a transition in the streambed
from a riffle to a pool.
• Streambank - the channel side slopes within which streamflow is confined.
• Streambed - the area of the stream channel located between the toe of the
streambanks.
• Thalweg - a line connecting the deepest streambed points along a stream channel.
• Toe - the break in slope at the bottom of a streambank where it meets the
streambed.
37
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