19920081 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19960903

C-.0
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY NOV - 9
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890 NDS GROUP
November 1, 1993 WATER UALITYSECTi0y;
IN HtYLY HtftH IU
Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199201050
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Drive
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408
Dear Ms. Price:
Reference your application for Department of the Army authorization to
construct an access road and bridge and place fill material in intertidal
wetlands adjacent Mad Inlet and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW),
Bird Island, near Sunset Beach, Brunswick County, North Carolina.
Through coordination with the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management, we have learned that you have not furnished information necessary
for them to process their required authorization. You should immediately
provide the requested information as Federal authorization is dependent upon
your meeting their requirements.
Please notify us of your intentions within 10 days of your receipt of this
letter. If we do not hear from you, we will assume that you are not
interested in pursuing Federal authorization at this time, and your
application will be retired.
Questions or comments may be addressed to Mr. Rudolf Schiener, Wilmington
Field Office, Regulatory Branch, telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch
ra
-2-
Copies Furnished:
John Dorney
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. C. Robert Stroud, Jr.
Wilmington Regional office
North Carolina Division
of Coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845
nM.;
r
U.$. Department Commander
of Transportation Fifth Coast Guard Distric
United States
Coast Guard
Va
SUPPL MENTAL PUBLIC NOTICE 5-826
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
Federal Building
431 Crawford Street
Portsmouth, VA 23f6-R94
0Staff Symbol: Phone: ( 804 ) 398-6222
16590
13 Dec 94
All interested parties are notified that the Fifth Coast Guard
District has tentatively changed its position regarding its
previous determination concerning the level of environmental
documentation required in support of an application from
Century/Von Oeson, Consulting Engineers, representing Ms. Janie
Pace Price, for approval of construction of a new privately-owned
bridge across a navigable waterway of the United States.
WATERWAY AND LOCATION: Mad Inlet, Bird Island, mile 0.03, Sunset
Beach, North Carolina
BACKGROUND: Coast Guard Public Notice 5-826 dated June 6, 1994,
stated that the U.S. Coast Guard, lead Federal agency for
environmental documentation for this project, had determined that
the project will require the preparation of an Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS). This determination was based on public
input available to the Coast Guard at that time. The Coast Guard
informed the applicant of this and began to move into the EIS
process required under the National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 (NEPA). In retrospect, the Coast Guard now believes it
should have stated "tentatively determined", as it did not yet
have all the facts bearing on the case, and consequently may have
made an inappropriate determination.
DISCUSSION: At a meeting held at the Fifth Coast Guard District
in Portsmouth, VA on October 5, 1994, among the Coast Guard, the
applicant and their representatives, and the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, the Coast Guard heard facts that caused it to
believe that the project's impacts to the environment would be
minimal, and that avoidance of harm to the environment as opposed
" to mitigation of adverse impacts, was the plan for execution of
construction of the project. The Council on Environmental
Quality NEPA implementing regulations provide that an agency may
revise an environmental determination if significant new
circumstances or information arise which bear on the proposal or
its impacts. Based on the new facts presented by the applicant
at the meeting, the Coast Guard decided that preparation of an
Environmental Assessment (EA) will be adequate at this time, with
REC iV
®?C ? ' 1994
f11PVlA'fDlUP?7,cp y.fp? sCffMCE,S
r ?
J
16590
13 Dec 94
the understanding that the level of environmental documentation
may be elevated to an EIS if the environmental review and comment
process demonstrates an EA is not adequate. Upon conclusion of
the EA development, circulation, review and comment period, the
Coast Guard will hold a meeting for concerned agencies and
persons, if good cause is shown. If scheduled, this meeting will
be announced by a later public notice. The Coast Guard will then
determine the level of environmental documentation for this
project required under NEPA.
Please pass this information on to any interested parties you are
aware of who may not have received a copy of this notice.
ANN B. DEATON
Chief, Bridge Section
By direction of the Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
2

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
A...,.?r Z 1 QQ9
IN MI'Lr IStrt11 IU -- °- - -- , -
Regulatory -Branch
S: September 4, 1992
Action ID. 199201050 n R n n n?
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Road
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408
Dear Ms. Price:
Reference your application for Department of the Army authorization to
replace a bridge, causeway and access pier spanning waters adjacent to Mad
Inlet, the Atlantic Ocean, Bird Island, Sunset Beach, Brunswick County, North
Carolina.
Enclosed for your review are letters received from owners of property in
the vicinity of your proposed work. It is not necessary that you respond to
these comments, but they are furnished to provide an opportunity for your
rebuttal. Should you have a response, we would appreciate receiving it on or
before September 4, 1992.
Questions or comments may be addressed to Mr. Rudy Schiener, Wilmington
Field Office, Regulatory Branch, telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
Enclosures
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch

z

I`
-2-
Copies Furnished (without enclosures):
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
M John Dorney
Ater Quality Section
Division of Environmental
Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. John R. Oxenfeld
Box 422
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
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NORTH-CAROLINA

COASTAL
FEDERATION
HADNOT CREEK FARM • 3223-4 HIGHWAY 58 • SWANSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 28584 • [phone]
April 3, 1992 4
?I (?
John Dorney
Ron Ferrell
N.C. Division of Environmental Management WETLANDSGROUI'
P.O.. Box 27687 WATER UALITYSECTIi??J
Raleigh, NC 27611
Dear John and Ron:
Wayne Wright informed me that the Corps is expecting to hear
something from you regarding DEM's decision on the 401 water
quality certification for the proposed Bird Island Development at
Sunset Beach, Brunswick County. The deadline for your action on
t1e Certification is April 7. He indicated that "no action" by
DLM`would mean automatic issuance of the Certification.
Attached is a letter sent to the project applicant by the
N,,;C. Division of Coastal Management. As of yesterday, DCM has
not received this requested information and it still does not
have a complete application for the project.
We tYnk-issuance of a 401 Certification at this time would
be premature and request that you ask the Corps for more time to
evaluate this request. At a minimum, it would seem hasty to
issue:the'401 Water Quality Certification without being able to
evalua4", the :.information that DCM has requested. Moreover, the
other eviev agencies°and the public still have not been given
the opportunity to review the complete application.
There is considerable local interest in this proposed
??projecr- we,would also'request a public hearing be held on the

Thankz,you for looking into this matter.
sincerely,
Todd Miller
Executive Director
7ttachments
cc: Sunset eac, ay?rs Association
a e arad p`e agencies
- {.
4 printed on recycled paper

O0F
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources "
Division of Coastal Management
James G. Martin, Governor
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary
February 12, 1992
Mrs. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carisle Road
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408
Dear Mrs. Price:
Roger N. Schecter
Director
FILE COPY
The Division of Coastal Management hereby acknowledges receipt of
your application for State permits to develop your property at Bird
Island in Brunswick County. We have been coordinating our initial
permit review with the Army Corps of Engineers and have found that your
application'lacks information necessary to consider it complete under
Coastal Management regulations. In order to have a complete
:application necessary for us to begin processing, you should submit the
following items:
1. Revised Application
Section 4 (a) Please include a copy of your submerged lands
claim for property below MHW.
(g) Apparently portions of the island will be
classified by Brunswick County Land Use Plan
and the remainder by the sunset Beach Land Use
Plan.
Section 5 Must be completed to include the proposed
subdivision. A Sedimentation and Erosion y3?sg
Control Plan, as well as, a Stormwater Management
Plan will be required for the project.
Section 6 (a) The dimensions of the pier, bridges, bridge
abutments, and rip rap must be included in this
section.
Section 7 The information relating to the placement of rip rap
in Section 6 should be moved to this Section.
127 Cardinal Drive 6mension • Wiimington, North Carolina 28105-3845 Tekphorx [phone] Fax (%9) 2542004
An EgtW Oppommiry Affinnattw Action Fmpjpyw
Mrs. Janie Pace Price
February 12, 1992
Page two
2. Revised Plan View and Detail Drawings:
- 22 copies of blue lines are required.
- Proposed lot dimensions or approximate square
footage (ie. 15000 sq. ft. minimum lot size in
Inlet Hazard Area of Environmental concern).
- Expanded plan view matched drawings, similar to
page 3 of 10, for the entire length of the
causeway would best present this application to
the review agencies. Additional information which
must be included in the application drawings:
- Name of water bodies, creeks, etc.
- Width, depth, channel location, and piling
location with respect to the channel, in areas
of proposed bridges.
- MHW contour and vegetation contour lines,
especially in areas of bridge abutments and rip
rap.
- Cross-sectional drawing of beach accessways
showing elevation above dune vegetation.
Copies of certified mail receipts from application mailing to
reparian property owners must be submitted.
4. Check for application fee must be made payable to the Department
of Environment, Health and Natural Resources.
Once we have received this additional information, you will be
notified of acceptance of your application as complete or if further
clarification of your request is required. Please contact me if you
have any questions concerning your application or if I may provide
additional information or assistance, please advise.
EFB/7P
cc: Charles Davis
John Oxenfield
C ly,
E.F. Brooks
Field Representative
a y a,

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
February 7, 1992
FIL6-
IN REPLY FIEFEH 10
Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199201050
r ! h ? 1992
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Road DIMS"):"i OF
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408
Dear Ms. Price:
On February 11, 1991, we renewed general permit No. CESAW-C080-N-000-0291
(copy enclosed), which provides Federal authorization for construction
.activities that receive authorization from the State of North Carolina.
A review of your application received February 3, 1992, for Department of
theArmy authorization to replace a bridge, causeway and access pier spanning
waters adjacent to Mad Inlet, the Atlantic Ocean, Bird Island, Sunset Beach,
Brunswick County, North Carolina, indicates it to be a candidate for Federal
authorization under this general permit. Accordingly, the administrative
processing of your application will be accomplished by the North Carolina
Division of Coastal Management. Comments from Federal review agencies will be
furnished to the State.
If your application must be withdrawn from this general permit process for
any reason, you will be informed regarding its further management. If there
are no unresolved differences in state-Federal positions or policies, the
final action taken on your application by the State will result in your
receiving written notice from us that your application is consistent with the
general permit and you may commence your activity. Only after receiving such
confirmation should you-begin work.
Your application, pursuant to Section 10 of the River and Harbor Act and
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, has been assigned Action ID No. 199201050
and will be coordinated by Mr. Rudy Schiener, Wilmington Field Office,
s
Regulatory Branch. He is available at telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch
Enclosure

-2-
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and.
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. John Dorney
Water Quality Section
Division of Environmental
Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Ms. L. K. (Mike) Gantt
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Fish and Wildlife Enhancement
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
Mr. Larry Hardy
National Marine Fisheries Service
Habitat Conservation Division
Pivers Island
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency - Region IV
Wetlands Regulatory Unit
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Mr. James Herstine
Wilmington Regional Office
North Carolina Division of
Coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845
Mr. John R. Oxenfeld
Box 422
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402

07
NORd NA
y
' HADNOT CREEK FARM • 3223-4 HIGH WA SWANSBORO, NORTH 0 ROLINA 28584 • [phone]
WETLANDS GROUP
WATER QUALITY SECTION
COASTAL April 3, 1992
FEDERATION
John Dorney APR 9 1992
Ron Ferrell
N . C Division of Environmental Management DI,? OF E1O11??E?+17A1.M,
P.O. Box 27687 Di Ea^.TOKS OFFECE
Raleigh, NC 27611
R"ear. John,, and Ron:
a' Wayne Wright informed me that the Corps is expecting to hear
something from you regarding DEM's decision on the 401 water
quality certification ..for the proposed Bird Island Development at
Sunset Beach,B.runswick County. The deadline for your action on
the Certifications April 7. He indicated that "no action" by
OEM would mean automatic issuance of the certification.
Attached is a letter sent to the project applicant by the
N. C. bv,is'ion of :Coastal Management. As of yesterday, DCM has
.,not,received this requested information and it still does not.
have acomplete'application for the project.
-"We thihk;issuance of a 401 Certification at this time would
be.-premature and request that you ask the Corps for more time to
ovalUate this request -At a minimum, it would seem hasty to
issue tie 401 Water.Quality Certification without being able to
eva>l,uateithe information that DCM has requested. Moreover, the
other_:.r4-V ew agencies and the public still have not been given
thr opportunity to review the complete application.
There is ycpnsiderable.local interest in this proposed
project. `We would also .request a public hearing be held on the
401 ;Water 4ua.lity CCertification in Sunset Beach before a final
decision is Made on its, issuance.
Thank you':-forlooking into this matter.
Sincerely,
o ?G'Ti?r.? t
Todd Miller
.?f Executive Director
, tt`ichments c ^ ^
' • - Y? a (.J.+ wid.Ji?.W+.i?l 7??,tyi
"'Cc Sunset .,Beach Taxpayers Association
State _and Federal' Agencies'
<. APR 10 1992
It, . i4 9
R,
JY M?s?
i
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources '-
Division of Coastal Management
James G. ,Martin, Governor Roger N. Schecter
William W ..Cobey, Jr., Secretary Director
February 12, 1992
Mrs. Janie P oe Price
.1801 Carisle Itdad. FILE
dreensbor'o,pVOrth Carolina 27408
Dear Mrs. - Price
The Division of Coastal Management hereby acknowledges receipt of
your application for State permits to develop your property at Bird
Island in Brunswick County. We have been coordinating our initial
permit review,-with the Army Corps of Engineers and have found that your
.application lacks information necessary to consider it complete under
Coastal Management regulations. In order to have a complete
applt4ia.1oh' necessary for us to begin processing, you should submit th'
follo?ng; ~item.s -:
1. Revised Application
.,-Section 4 (a) Please include a copy of your submerged lands
claim for property below MHW.
(g.? Apparently portions of the island will be
chassified by Brunswick County Land Use Plan
and the remainder by the Sunset Beach Land Use
Plan:
Section 5 Must be,'GOmpleted to include the proposed
subs ivision. A Sedimentation and Erosion
coritr6l,,Plan, as well as, a Stormwater Management
. Plar,{wil.l; berequired for the project.
Section 6 (.a) The dimensions. of the pier, bridges, bridge
abutments, and rip rap must be included in this
section..
$e?ct"bn 7 The 'information relating to the placement of rip
in Section 6 should be moved to this Section.
W 0, 5
`g3 J -0
rap c
Mrs. Janie Pace Price
February 12, 1992
Page two
2. Revised Plan View and Detail Drawings:
- 22 copies of blue lines are required.
- Proposed lot dimensions or approximate square
footage (ie. 15000 sq. ft. minimum lot size in
Inlet Hazard Area of Environmental concern).
Expanded plan view matched drawings, similar to
page 3 of 10, for the entire length of the
causeway would best present this application to
the review agencies. Additional information which
must be included in the application drawings:
Name of water bodies, creeks, etc.
Width, depth, channel location, and piling
location with respect to the channel, in areas
of proposed bridges.
MEiW contour and vegetation contour lines,
especially in areas of bridge abutments and rip
rap.
Cross-sectional drawing of beach accessways
showing elevation above dune vegetation.
3: Copier. of,''. certified mail receipts from application mailing to
T epar-ian . Property owners must be submitted.
4. Chek for application fee must be made payable to the Department
'of:'Environment, Health and Natural Resources.
Once -we have received this additional information, you will be
;Notified of acceptance of -your application as complete or if further
clarification 'of yourY`request is required. Please contact.me if you
have any, questions concerning. your application or if I may provide
' additional information or assistance, please advise.
C ly,
E.F. Brooks
Field Representative
EFB%7P

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO February 7, 1992
Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199201050
F (LL
r. IL
F 1-5 10 1992
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Road DiVIS'3"I OF
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408 -
Dear Ms. Pricer
T On,.Vebruary'`31, 1991,' we renewed general permit No. CESAW-CO80-N-000-0291
(dopy enclosed); which provides Federal authorization for construction
activities that receive authorization from the State of North Carolina.
A .review of your application received February 3, 1992, for Department of
the Army authorization to replace a bridge, causeway and access pier spanning
waters adjacent to Mad Inlet, the Atlantic Ocean, Bird Island, Sunset Beach,
Brunswick County, North Carolina, indicates it to be a candidate for Federal
authorization under this general permit. Accordingly, the administrative
rocessiii2j of your application will be accomplished by the North Carolina
Division.'of Coastal Management. Comments from Federal review agencies will be
furnished to the State.
f your application must be withdrawn from this general permit process for
any reason, you will be informed regarding its further management. If there
are, no, unresolved differences in State-Federal positions or policies, the
final action taken on your application by the State will result in your
receiving written notice from us that your application is consistent with the
general perrti`it and you may commence your activity. Only after receiving such
confirmatioiishould you begin work.
Your application, pursuant to Section 10 of the River and Harbor Act and
-Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, has been assigned Action ID No. 199201050
and will be coordinated by Mr. Rudy Schiener, Wilmington Field Office,
Regulatory Branch. He is available at telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
M
-2-
copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. John Parker
Division of.Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and.
Natural Resources
i.; Post office Box 27687
,. Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. John Dorney .
Wate;,vquality Section
Divison of Environmental
< <_ Management .,
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post%Office Box 27687
Rale`g ,' North. Carolina
27611-7687
L K._,(Mike) Gantt
'b.S. Fish, and Wildlife Service
Fish and.Wildlife Enhancement
,Post„O -ice Box 33726
Raleigh,'North ;Carolina 27636-3726
Mr. Larry Hardy
National Marine Fisheries Service
,'''Habitat Conservation Division
- P9wers• Island
Beaufort, forth Car(:lIina 28516
J.S. Environmental Protection
Agency - Region IV
Wetlands Regulatory unit
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
`Atlanta, Georgia 30365,
?Mr. .Tames Herstine
<Wilmington Regional Office
t North Carolina Division of
coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845
MSC+?,; John R. Oxenfeld
B6x'"42 2
Wilmington, North ;Carolina 28402
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t

DISTRIBUTION AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS
OF PIPING PLOVERS (Charadrius melodus)
WINTERING ALONG THE ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTS
Janice Lee Nicholls r
Certificate of Approval:
Nicho,Ias R. Holler
Associate Professor
Zoology and Wildlife Science
George W. ;: olkerts
Professor
Zoology and Wildlife Science
Guy Baldassarre, Chairman
Assistant Professor
Zoology and Wildlife Science
Norman J. Doorenbos, Dean
Graduate School
10
islands) was determined from NOAA reports (National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration 1979).
Piping Plovers were tallied using 1OX-50 binoculars and
a 15X-60 spotting scope. An attempt was made to identify
all banded birds (i.e., to note color combinations) to
determine breeding origins. Potential disturbance factors
(i.e.,.human and ORV traffic, water and shoreline
stabilization structures) were noted at each site.
Results
Atlantic Coast survey
A total of 221 Piping Plovers was sighted during the
Atlantic Coast survey, with birds encountered from North
Carolina through Florida (Table 1, Fig. 1). This
represented about 5% of the total breeding population and
13.8% of the Atlantic Coast breeding population (Dyer et,
al. 1987). Only 10 banded birds were sighted (4.3g of all
birds) of which positive identification was possible on 4
individuals (Appendix B).
Piping Plovers were found most frequently in Georgia
(69% of the sites had birds), and least frequently in
Florida (12.5% of the sites had birds) (Table l). Georgia
also had the highest density of plovers per km surveyed
(0.77), followed by South Carolina (0.22). Sites with the
highest numbers of Piping Plovers were Little St. Simon's

12
- O
Figure 1. Piping Plover sightings on the Atlantic Coast
Dec 1986- Mar 1987
Y ?
13
Island (32), Cumberland Island National Seashore (20) and
Pelican Spit (19) in Georgia, Rachel Carson's Estuary (16)
in North Carolina, Huntington Beach State Park (12) and
North Island (12) in South Carolina and Shackleford Banks
(9) in North Carolina. The remaining 30 sites with plovers
had groups of less than 9 birds (Appendix C).
Sites were rated in importance based on, 1) number of
birds seen at the site, 2) suitability of habitat (presence
of foraging and roosting sites), 3) CBC evidence, of
historical use and 4) disturbance factors. Sites ranked l
or 2 are considered the most important areas (Table 2),
whereas sites ranked 3-4 are considered to be supporting
sites (Appendix D). Sites ranked as 5 probably are not
quality sites and may represent incidental sightings.
overall, the survey covered 1,422.km of coastline (551
km mainland and 871 km island) from the eastern shore of
Virginia to the Florida Keys. The survey examined 134 sites
comprising 69% of the total coast; 41% of the-coast was
actually walked or driven. Survey coverage in each`jstate
ranged from 64-86%, and was highest in North Carolina (86%)
and Georgia (72%) (Table 3). Sites with potential. habitat
but not included in the survey were: (1) Wreck, Ship Shoal
and Smith Islands in Virginia; (2) Corncake Inlet on Bald
Head Island, Brown and Bear Inlets at Camp LeJeune Marine
Corps Base'and Tubbs Inlet at Waites Island in North

28
a few birds along the Mexican Gulf Coast, however, only 25%
of the coastline from Tamaulipas to the Yucatan peninsula
was covered. Potential habitat exists in the Laguna Madre
de Tamaulipas (Tamaulipas), Altamira (Tamaulipas) and Rio
Lagartos (Yucatan) (Haig and Oring 1985, Blacklock, Cruces
and Blankenship pers. comm.).
Deterioration of habitat used by wintering Piping
Plovers has been suggested for portions of Alabama
(Baldassarre 1986), Florida, and Texas (United States Fish
aiid Wildlife. Service 198.8). Piping Plovers also have been
affected by oil spills in Texas (Amos 1988), and may be
among the more vulnerable species because plovers forage in
intertidal areas.(Chapman 1984). The Gulf Coast survey
noted potential disturbances at 43% of the non-plover sites
and.AIA ofthe plover sites. Recreational activity was
higher at non-plover sites (6.5 people and 0.4 ORV's per km)
compared to plover sites (0.7 people and 0.2 ORV's per
site)
C'nnr I iicir)n-- /Rar-nmmanAati nn-
This study found that Piping Plovers generally occurred
in small groups and were distributed unevenly along the two
coasts; although concentrations of >50 birds did occur
(i.e., Honeymoon Island State Park in Florida, Chandeleur
Islands and Rockefeller Refuge in Louisiana, and Bolivar

29
Flats, San Jose Island, Corpus Christi Pass and the Laguna
Madre in Texas). Generally, plovers were found foraging on
sandflats adjacent to passes and inlets, on mudflats near
sandy beaches, on overwash sandy mudflats and on the
foreshore of open beaches. Thus, diverse coastal systems
such as-.the barrier island complex of Mobile Bay..may
concentrate wintering Piping Plovers because of the
juxtaposition of roosting and feeding areas. Similarly, the
Laguna Madre system in Texas may support high numbers due to
the availability of expansive sandflats and beach in close
proximity.- Management and protection efforts probably
should focus on areas that are historically used by
wintering plovers (i.e., the feeding areas) because other
sites may be used unpredictably.
The survey corroborated historical CBC data, and also
located additional wintering sites. However, South Carolina'
and Louisiana received less thorough coverage than other
states and may"yield more plovers. Future surveys should
focus on locating wintering sites outside the United `States
which could be a formidable task in the Caribbean because of
the expansive habitat and small group size of plovers.
Overall, the winter distribution of plovers breeding' in.,the
Great Plains (i.e., wintering in the Gulf coast) is much
better known than that of plovers breeding on the Atlantic
Coast.

65
substrate patches. During this study, Snowy Plovers were
observed primarily on the upper beach (37%), whereas
Semipalmated Plovers were found mostly on mudflats (46%).
Thus, microhabitat selection may operate to reduce
competition between these small plovers.
conclusions/Management Implications
This study presents two coastal models representing
Piping Plover winter habitat. The habitat characteristics
that separate..presence/absence of plovers differ in their
relative importance between the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts.
overall, variables that may be important to Piping Plover
habiltat use include large inlets (or passes), and a high
percentage of sandflat or mudflat within a relatively large
area. The low percentage of variability explained by the
models-makes it.difficult to draw conclusions regarding the
specific features of Piping Plover winter habitat. Thus,
the habitat models are at best suggestive, and are not
recommended for determining critical wintering habitat.
Identification of specific features responsible for a
species' presence can be perplexing, especially if total
community structure is the important component (Anderson
1981). Plover distribution may be correlated with habitat
heterogeneity versus specific habitat features. Sites with
large concentrations of plovers (i.e., Little Dauphin Island
in Mobile Bay, Alabama and the Laguna Madre in Texas)

66
consist of complex systems with several habitats in
relatively close juxtaposition. Possibly, the proximity of
foraging and roosting sites may be important in Piping
Plover habitat use.
Wintering Piping Plovers are probably dependent on key
feeding areas (i.e., intertidal flats). These preferred
foraging sites were qualitatively described as sandflats and
sandy mudflats, and quantitatively defined as having a
substrate primarily consisting of sand. Piping Plovers were
found foraging on other microhabitats such as lower beach,
spoil banks and mudflats which implies that. they are
relatively generalized in habitat selection. However; a
paucity of preferred sites may limit plover numbers, and may
be the reason for the lower numbers seen on the Atlantic
versus Gulf coast. Overall, the information gained during
this study is preliminary, but may provide both a st:imulus.:
and foundation for future winter ecology research.

Atlantic Coast
Piping Plover
Recoverv Plan

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
.
l
.
?
0
_ -4
\

• E s
POPULATION PARR-METERS
Abundance
Historical population trends for the Atlantic Coast piping plover have been
reconstructed from scattered, largely qualitative records. Nineteenth century
naturalists,%such as Audubon and Wilson, described the piping plover as a
common summer resident on the beaches of the Atlantic Coast. By the beginning
of the 20-th century, uncontrolled shooting, primarily for. the millinery trade,
and egg collecting had greatly,: reduced the population, and in some areas along
the Atlantic Coast the plover was close to extirpation Following passage of
the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918, combined with changes in the fashion
industry, 'plover numbers recovered and the species was again considered common
(Bent. 1929, Wilcox 1939, Griscom and Snyder 1955, Bull 1964, Hathaway unpub.
notes).
Raithel (19E=:) showed that Rhode Island piping plover numbers' reached a 20th
century pear: following the 1938 hurricane, which flattered dunes'`and destroyed
shoreline developments. Rhode Island plover numbers declined after 'W'orld t;ar
II, as habitat was lost to dune stabilization efforts and summer home
construction:. The population partially recovered following another severe
hurricane in 1954, before beginning the steady decline which continues today.
Wilcox (1959) documented major fluctuations in piping plover numbers on Long
Island he correlated with habitat changes. An increase from 20 pairs
12
i
,I
r •
before the hurricane in 1938 to 64 pairs in 1941 attests to the plover's
ability to rapidly colonize newly available habitat. The population then
declined as habitat was lost to dune stabilization, summer homes, and road
construction.
Reports of local or statewide declines in the last 30 years are numerous and
many are summarized by Cairns and McLaren (1980) and by Haig and Oring (1985).
.While Wilcox.(1939) reported 500 pairs of plovers on Long Island, a 1985
"survey recorded.114 pairs (Peterson et Al. 1985•). Numbers of pairs of
breeding piping plovers declined 50-100% at 7 Massachusetts sites between the
early 1970.'s and 1984 (S Melvin pens. comm.).
Available data suggest that the entire Atlantic Coast population has beer.
decreasing since 1955 or earlier (Haig and Oring 1985). Since 1972, the
National Audubon Society's "Blue List" of birds with deteriorating status has
included the piping plover as a bird in potential danger. Johnsgard (19E!)
described the' piping ple,,•er a declining throug?,out its range and in
rather serious trouble:" The Canadian Committee on the Status of Endangered
Wildlife in Canada designated the piping plover as "Threatened" in 1978, and
elevated the plover's status to "Endangered" in 1985. Nearly all states arc
provinces within the Atlantic Coast piping plover breeding range have
conducted censuses in the past few years. A 1986 compilation of these data
(Table. l) yielded an estimate of 790 breeding pairs -in the Atlantic Coast
population, 550 pairs in the U.S. and 240 pairs in Canada.
13
w
0.7 fledg;d oung per nest at Cadden Beach in 1985. Tull (1984) reported 1.7
fledged chicks per nest at Kouchibouguac Park. At Coast Guard Beach,
Massachusetts, fledge rate was 0.8 chicks per nesting female, while other
study areas on Outer Cape Cod fledged 0.3 to 2.3 chicks per nesting female in
1985, for an average of 0.98 (MacIvor et al. 1985). Raithel (1984) reported
0.57 young/pair in Rhode Island in 1981, 0.60 young/pair in 1982, and' 1.36
young/pair in 1983. Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge in Virginia fledged
1.1 - 1.3 young/pair in-1985 (Riles pers. comm.). In 1985 Parker River
National Vildlife Refuge Massachusetts, fledged 0:4 young/pair (Secatore
1986).
CAUSES OF DECLINE
While hunting is thought to have been a major factor contributing to'-the
decline of the piping plover in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
shooting of the plover has been prohibited since 1918. Habitat loss and
degradation, disturbance by humans and domestic animals, and increased
predation are important causes of the current downtrend (U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service 1985). However, the fact that the plover does not now nest
on many beaches where it once nested, and which still appear suitable.,
suggests that disturbance or direct loss of nests rather than shortage of
suitable habitat are currently the most critical contributors to the
population decrease (Cairns and McLaren 1980).
is
ANN-
W A
Habitat Loss and Degradation
The wide, flat, sparsely vegetated outer beaches preferred by the piping
plover are a transitory habitat, dependent upon natural forces for renewal and
susceptible to degradation by human activities.
Raithel (1984) cited coastal development and shoreline stabilization,
including construction and dredging of permanent breachways, building of
breakwaters, and planting of dune areas as major contributors to the decline
of the piping plover in Rhode Island. Such efforts not only destroy piping
plover habitat directly, but, in some cases, may also impede natural forces
that renew habitat. Sand deposition may be interrupted by jetties and
breakwaters, and protective structures and planted vegetation may prevent
storms from flattening and scarifying dunes. In some places habitat loss may
force birds to nest in suboptimal habitat thereby depressing nesting success.
Rai'the1,(198 ) notEd that short-term benefits of development occasionally
occur whEZe dredISe spoil provides suitable nesting habitat, but that spoil
areas quickly degrade due to revegetation and soon become unsuitable for
nesting'. Wilcox '(1959) pointed to summer home and road construction as causes
ofx declining plover nesting at Moriches Bay on Long Island, New York.
There is no information that describes mortality of piping plovers on their
wintering grounds. optimal shorebird habitat is, however, being destroyed by
development the Florida Keys (A. Sprunt pers. corr-T:.). It is likely that
19
i Y
the same processes that have destroyed nesting habitat in the Northeast are.
working to reduce and degrade wintering habitat (mud and sand flats) elsewhere
along the southeastern coast of the United States. Haig and Oring (1985)
called attention to the absence of wintering plovers on apparently favorable
habitat in northern Mexico. They speculated that water stabilization
structures which have been built between Laguna Madre and barrier ishands may
have eliminated some piping plover habitat by inundating sandflats.
Disturbance by Humans and Domestic Animals
I
Several-studies have linked human disturbance with curtailed breeding success.
Disturbance may cause the adults to leave the nest, exposing eggs to the.
summer sun or predators. Cairns (1977) found reproductive success was '1.3 to
2.1 fledged young/pair on remote beaches but only, 0.7 to 1.1 fledged
young/pair on beaches used for recreation in Nova Scotia. Flemming '(19"84)
calculated that fledging success per nest attempt on beaches in Nova Scotia
was significantly reduced from 1.8 to 0.5 young/pair for birds exposed to lo..-
and high recreational activity-, respectively. He, defined low activity as 0-20
visits/week and hi g-: activity as 30 or more visits/we:(.4,k` by people and their,
vehicles. Foot and vehicular traffic may crush eggs or young (Tull. 1984,
Burger 1986, Raithel pers. comm., Strauss pers. comm.). Free running dogs and
cats have caused nest failure in some areas (Cairns and McLaren 1980,, Burger
1986).
20

MANAGEMENT
OF
NORTH CAROLINNS
COLONIAL WATERBIRDS
by
James E Parnell
Department of.Biological Sciences
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Wilmington, N. C. 28403
and
Mark A. Shields
Department of Biological Sciences
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Wilmington, N. C. 28403
Breeding Site Requirements
A key to successful management of breeding populations of colonial waterbirds is
providing the basic requirements for reproduction. Two of the most important requirements
are isolated, disturbance-free colony sites and appropriate nesting habitat at such sites.
Isolated colony sites. Isolation of colony sites on small islands reduces the chances of
predation and human disturbance and increases the chances of successful nesting. Because of
their colonial breeding habit, nesting waterbirds are often conspicuous. For example, large
colonies of white-plumed birds (which include most colonial waterbirds in North Carolina)
may be visible from several miles away. Such flocks of birds may act as beacons directing
predators to the colony as they regularly fly between the colony and foraging areas.
If a predator gains access to a colony, predation on eggs, chicks, and adult birds may be
severe (Burger 19,811 a, Wittenberger and Hunt 1985, Rodgers 1987). Mammals, such as the gray
fox (Urocyon cineroargenteus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), and feral
cat (Fells domesticus), are the most destructive predators in North Carolina colonies. For this
reason, colonial. waterbirds generally seek sites that are inaccessible to terrestrial mammals
(Lack 19,68, Shields 1989). Avian predators, such as gulls, Fish Crows (Corvus ossifragus), and
Bald. Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) can easily reach even the most remote colony. They
appear to have less of an adverse impact on colony productivity than do mammalian
predators..Thi? is,probably a result of differences in the timing of attacks by these two groups
of predators. Gulls; crows, and eagles forage during the day when colonial waterbirds can see
their approach and respond by group mobbing (Kruuk 1964) or increasing nest attentiveness
(Burger and Hahn 1977). These defensive tactics often deter avian predators. Mammalian
predators are most active at night, and colonial waterbirds seem to have evolved few defensive
mechanisms :against nocturnal attacks (Southern et al. 1982). Such attacks may send panic
throughout the colony, which can result in loss of eggs and chicks or complete colony
abandonment (Emlen et al. 1966, Southern et al. 1985).
Disturbance of colonies by humans can have equally devastating effects (see Burger
1981b and references therein). When adult birds are disturbed by the presence of humans, they
leave their nests unattended, and embryos and young nestlings may die of chilling or
overheating. Larger chicks may wander from their nests and become lost or tangled in
vegetation, or they may even be killed by other colony members whose territories they have
entered. In addition, predators such as crows and gulls often take advantage of human-
induced disturbances to rob unattended nests. Colony sites subjected to frequent or intensive
human disturbance are likely to be abandoned.
Because nests are often densely packed together, even a single visit by a predator or
human can have a.significant, detrimental impact on the reproductive output of the colony.
Several species of colonial waterbirds .6s't in large numbers at only a few sites along our coast.
Predation or disturbance at just one of these sites could adversely affect the regional population
of a species. Prevention, or at least reduction, of disturbance is therefore a critical component
of any management effort.
4
Nesting habitat. The 25 species of colonial waterbirds breeding in coastal North
Carolina occupy diverse habitats, ranging from bare, wind-swept beaches to the canopies of
dense maritime or swamp forests. Although all colonial waterbird species prefer isolated,
predator-free breeding sites, each has its own preference for a particular nesting substrate and
vegetation community.
Ground-nesting colonial waterbirds prefer sandy substrates, but the amount of shell
mixed with the sand may be important for some species. For example, Least Terns and Gull-
billed Terns prefer sites with much shell mixed with sand (Jernigan et al. 1978, Everhart et al.
1980). Shell at the surface reduces wind erosion and stabilizes a site. Ground nesters generally
avoid silty substrates, which are more prone to nest-destroying erosion. Substrate particle size
is of little direct importance to wading birds, Anhingas and cormorants because they usually
nest in vegetation above the ground.
Most coastal islands in North Carolina are composed primarily of sand mixed with
varying amounts of shell. Only where rivers carry considerable amounts of silt into the
estuaries and where dredged-material islands are diked do substrates contain enough silt to
jeopardize their use by ground nesters.
Vegetation structure is a major determinant of colony site selection by colonial water-
birds. Each species will occupy only a narrow range of plant cover and height configurations
(Soots and Parnell 1975). Species with similar or overlapping habitat preferences often nest
together in mixed-species colonies.
Because vegetation succession typically leads to taller and denser stands of plants at a
site (Soots and Parnell 1975), the habitats preferred by many colonial waterbird species are
temporary. For example, a newly created dredged-material surface may succeed from bare
sand to dense shrub thicket in 20 years or less (Soots and Parnell 1975). The shrub thicket may
endure for decades, but the earlier successional stages last only a few years each. Waterbird
species preferring these early stages must therefore move frequently, as succession leads to less
suitable conditions. But suitable nearby sites may not always be available to relocating birds.
Manipulation of vegetation succession patterns at selected breeding sites will be required to
ensure the continued availability of appropriate nesting habitat for these species as alternative
sites become fewer.
5
V
Mad Inlet, Northside (BW-047-04)
Sunset Beach just north of Mad Inlet (33°52N, 78°31'W) (Map Z).
Site type: Barrier island.
Size: Not applicable.
Topography: Sand beach between high tide line and dunes.
Vegetation: This inlet spit is generally bare of vegetation.
Surroundings: Beach and dune fields.
Ownership: Unknown.
History of use by colonial waterbirds: This site is occasionally used by small Least Tern and Black
Skimmer colonies. In 1988, about 48 nests were located.
Site potential: This is a heavily used public beach. While the site is likely to remain bare or nearly
bare, disturbance will be an important factor discouraging use by nesting birds.
128

Cr 0CbE
COLONIAL ,WATERBIRDS
JOURNAL OF THE COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOCIETY
VOL. 11, No. 2 1988 PAGES 129-345
Reprinted from Colonial Waterbirds, Volume 11, No. 2, 1988
Colonial Waterbird Management in North America*
JAMES F. PARNELL', DAVID G. AINLEY2, HANS BLOKPOEL3 BRIAN CAIN',
THOMAS W. CUSTER', JULIAN L. DuW, STEPHEN KRESS', JAMES A. KUSHLANs,
WILLIAM E. SOUTHERN", LYNNE E. STENZEL2, AND BRUCE C. THOMPSON10
'Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington,
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA;
2Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, California 94970, USA;
'Canadian Wildlife Service, Ontario Region, 1725 Woodward Drive, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OH3, Canada;
'U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1729 El Camino Real, Suite 211, Houston, Texas 77058;
°U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
'Department of Zoology and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, Auburn University, Alabama, 36849, USA,.
.'Ornithological Research Unit, The National Audubon Society, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road,
Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA;
'Department of Biology; University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677 USA;
'Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, Illinois, 60115, USA;
1'Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 4200 Smith School Road, Austin, Texas;.78744, USA.
Abstract --Colonial waterbirds are an important natural resource highly valued by many people in Canada
and the United States. The habit of nesting often in large groups makes these birds especially susceptible.to
problems, such as human disturbance, predation, severe weather events and competition for nestin habitat
g
They,. like all birds, also face threats from habitat degradation, loss and contamination of their environments,
and'ch'anges in food webs.
Management strategies to deal with these problems include habitat preservation and restoration, the elimi-
nation of, toxic chemicals from the environment, reduction of predation, competition, and disturbance at
nesting sites, 'reintroduction of species to nesting sites from which they have been eliminated, and fisheries
management from a multispecies ecosystem perspective. Techniques are discussed and examples provided.
A few colonial waterbird species have increased greatly in numbers and now pose problems for other bird
species or ar`e in conflict with people. Management is also involved in the control of such problem birds.
Strategies include habitat modifications and scaring or killing problem birds.
There is a continuing need for information and research to allow appropriate management to be applied.
RegtSlar.surveys and inventories are necessary on a regional basis to detect trends in population status and to
minimize and mitigate conflicts with human activities. Studies of population demography are needed for
species declining in numbers, and research into species ecology is often necessary before appropriate manage-
mentcan be applied. Additional techniques to reduce conflicts between birds and humans are also needed.
Human activities are likely a major limiting factor for some species, and, conversely, humans are largely
responsible for the increases of several species that have become problems.
Continued education of the public and of conservation management agencies to the role and importance
:of colonial 'waterbirds is important. Many species are likely to continue to suffer from gradual incremental
loss and degradation of habitats, and a conservation strategy for the protection of these birds throughout
I North America is recommended.
Key words.-Alcids, colonial waterbirds, colony, cormorants, conservation, contaminants, egrets, gulls,
terns, herons, ibises, natural resources management, pelicans, petrels, storks, seabirds, wildlife.
Colonial Waterbirds 11(2): 129-169, 1988
Colonial waterbirds are distinctive
members of wetland and. shoreline ecosys-
*A report sponsored by the Colonial Waterbird
Society. The views expressed in this paper. do not
necessarily reflect the official positions of the Society
or the organizational affiliations of [4i authors. Re-
prints Play be purchased for $4.00,111'.S., from the
treasurer of the society.
tems. To millions of North Americans,
gulls symbolize the ocean and lakefront;
and, to many; the egret is a recognized
symbol of wetland conservation. Colonial
waterbird populations have long been a
focus for conservation action, particularly
for efforts to preserve the wetlands on
which they depend. They are worthy of
K 4
PARNELL ET AL. • COLONIAL WATERBIRD MANAGEhIENT 133
ggs
ive
:)d)
rid
cis-
.iat
ter
lly
er-
rly
°r_ .
w-
ed
-ry
.n-
fic
:o-
s
.t
s

the 1970s. Surveys had been conducted
since the 1930s in Florida and Texas (by
the National Audubon Society) and later
in Texas by the Texas Colonial Waterbird
Survey, and in the Canadian prairies by
the Canadian Wildlife Service in the 1970s.
Regional surveys sponsored by the U.
S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Minerals
Management Service along the Atlantic,
Gulf, Pacific, and Arctic coasts of the
United States and Canada in 1975-1977
(Custer and Osborn 1977, Osborn and
Custer 1978, Sowls et al. 1978, 1980, Erwin
and Korschgen 1979, Brown 1986) pro-
vided the first opportunity for broad reg-
ional comparisons and involved many stu-
dents and researchers in colonial water-
bird. work for the first time. This coordi-
nated effort by many people and organiza-
tions was a part of the impetus for the for-
mation of the Pacific Seabird Group in
1973 and the Colonial Waterbird Group
in 1976, which have provided much of the
interchange of ideas leading to the current
high level of interest in colonial waterbirds
and their management in North America.
A second side to the concept of manag-
ing colonial waterbirds is that certain
species at certain times and places have
been considered nuisances, dangers to
public health, or competitors with humans
for resources. Cormorants, for example,
are thought to compete for fishery re-
sources and have at times been controlled
(Craven and Lev 1987). Cattle Egrets and
gulls, especially species such as Ring-billed,
Herring, and Glacous-winged gulls whose
populations have grown rapidly in recent
years, can prove to be nuisances, and
perhaps health hazards (Blokpoel and
Tessier 1986, Telfair and Thompson
1986, Vermeer et al. 1988a) or hazards to
aircraft (Blokpoel 1984). They may also
compete at nesting sites with other species
whose populations have declined (Blok-
poel 1984).
able to rebound following legislative pro-
tection because the growing human popu-
lation had not usurped or degraded
habitats required for reproduction and
other requirements. Today an expanding,
modernized human population is placing
a renewed threat on this group of birds.
Habitat Degradation and Loss
PROBLEMS
Birds that gather in groups to nest are
particularly susceptible to predation, catas-
r trophic natural events such as storms and
disturbance. Colonial nesting, however,
also facilitates management.
t Most of the species that are declining
I have been persecuted by man. Many were
The greatest threat to colonial water-
bird species is the reduction in habitat
quantity .and quality that is occurring
today. Worldwide demands for agricul-
tural land, forest products, coastal recrea-
tional areas, home sites, and other ac-
tivities that result in environmental _degra-
dation all contribute to the loss. As a conse-
quence, the number of colony sites and
amount of feeding habitat is declining,
which in turn further limits the number of .
birds that can be sustained within breeding
ranges. In addition, the remaining. seg
ments of populations are becoming more
concentrated, placing them in greater
jeopardy, because a single event could de-
stroy a significant portion of the survivors
in a number of cases.
Although each species has specific
habitat requirements, there are sufficient
factors common to closely related forms
that single threats will often limit,popula-
tions of clusters of species.
Tree Nesting and Tree Roosting
Species.-A variety of, forest types, from
mature upland hardwoods to coastal man-
groves, are used by'pelicans, frigate birds,
herons, egrets, storks, ibises, and mur-
relets for nesting and roosting. The great-
est threat to many species results when
wetlands and forests are converted . to
other uses. Clearing can result in environ-
ments inhospitable to colonial waterbirds,
and coastal forests are being cleared at an
alarming rate (Wolf 1985). Many coastal
wetlands have been drained and filled
which eliminates any chance of the im-
pacted land reverting back to natural com-
munities 'in the future. Lesser develop-
ments may be equally devastating since the
remaining. Habitat is avoided by water-
birds. For' example, stands of timbeiz;,.are
being fragmented by housing develop-
ments, lumbering, highway construction
and agriculture. Managing for younger
stands of timber with increased biomass or
134 COLONIAL WATERBIRDS
stumpage for woodchip operations also is
generally not compatible with colonial Natural changes in habitat quality also

waterbird use of a forest. may be detrimental to some species, al-
though beneficial to others
Pla
t

Breaking up larger tracts reduces the,
buffer against human disturbance
Av
i .
n
succes-
sion may render a site unsuitable for
.
o
-
dance of such areas reduces the regional ground nesting species that prefer open
ex
i
l

avian population and further compacts panses on
s
ands or coastal shorelines.
Portions of island habitats are

birds in the remaining suitable habitat.
Some individuals may acclimate to su
h eventually
invaded by woody shrubs and perhaps
c
modified nesting environments, if forag-
i trees (Soots and Parnell 1975). Species
such as gulls and terns that have nested

ng opportunities exist.
Grazing by livestock and fire also ma at
such sites for many years may continue to
d
y
reduce the attractiveness of a woodland to o so even when conditions are becoming
suboptimal
The
event
ll
b

colonial waterbirds. Fire and heavy graz-
ing eliminates the u
d .
y
ua
y a
andon the
site, which may now become suited for he-
n
erstory and creates
a park=like setting. The result is loss of. a rons, egrets, pelicans or other tree-nesting
forms (Soots and Parnell 1975)
S
h

buffer effect., increased disturbance, and
the absence of replacement trees develo .
uc
natu-
ral changes in habitat availability do not
p-
ing in the understory. Fires during the
nestin
sea
n c
e jeopardize the displaced species when al-
ternate sites are available. A problem today
g
so
an r
sult in direct mortal-
ity or site abandonment is that there are progressively fewer suita-
.
Ground Nesting Species.-A variety of ble sites that may be colonized by birds
forced to relocate

factors affect habitat availability and qual-
ity for island-and-beach-nesting gulls .
All of these types of problems are
b
d
,
terns, arid,skimmers. Development of bar-
i
` exacer
ate
by the increased restriction of
colonial waterbirds to fewer and s
ll

r
er islands and
other coastal areas repre- ma
er,
suitable sites as human develo
m

sent one of the most serious threats (Erwin
1980b, Vermeer and Rankin 1984)
C p
ent prog-
resses. Planned and coordinated dredged
.
oas-
tal communities further impact the birds material deposition could play an impor-

by attracting increasing numbers of people tant role in some regions in creating alter-
nate
i
i

to the shoreline for recreation. Swimmers, nest
ng s
tes for birds displaced by
such activities

picnickers, anglers,all-terrain-vehicle
operators and other beachenthusi
di
t .
Wetland Nesters.-Nesting habitat es-
as
s
s-
place birds froth areas essential for re sential to birds such as Forster's and Black
pro-
duction (Fisk 1975, Buckley and Buckle terns, requiring palustrine, riverine, lacus-
trine
l
y
1930, Downing 1980, Vermeer and Ran-
kin 1984) and diminish the re
roductive or coasta
wetlands, continues to dis-
appear in North America. Wetlands are
l
p
success of remaining nesters (Warriner et
al. 1986); a
so important feeding sites for both
ground and tree nesters. A significant por-

Dredging operations and the as- tion of the wetlands in the United States
have disappeared as a result of d
i
i

sociated -diking and spoil deposition in
coastal areas
and alo ra
n
ng,
filling, damming and flood control pro-
.
ng major rivers can be
detrimental The timing of deposition of • jects (Frayer et al. 1983, Burger and
Shisler 1978)
In other cas
i
i

dredged material is of major importance
since n .
es, compet
t
on
for water by the growing human popula-
ests may be destroyed and nesting
activities may be disrupted when. deposi-
i tion dictates water distribution, and often
this results in too much in some habitats
t
on occurs during the breeding season
(Hutchinson et al. 1987). The depositio and too little in others. The situation is be-
i
d
n .
of dredged material may also alter sub-,
strates by coverin
existi
l
c com
ng
esperate in some states as de-
velopment chips away at remaining wet-
g
ng p
ant
over or;. ,
by changing substrate texture, thus re- .
ndering sites unsuitable o
le
ui
a
: lands.
The loss of wetland function owing to
r
ss s
t
ble to
some species-(Snots and Parnell 1975, Par- water diversion and flood control practices
has as great an im
act as d
i
C
l

nell et al. 1978, Soots and 'Landin 1978, .
Thompson and Slack 1982) p
ra
nage.
o
o-
nial waterbirds that' feed in wetlands are
. attuned to seasonal patterns of hydrologi-
cal fluctt
tion of t
nesting
Thus, pt
the first
vation;
aged to
nesting c,
Environr.
Colon
in food <,
nify, lea(
levels in
Ohlendo
Burger 1
North Ai.,
known tc:
of contan
viduals ai
are bein,-,
direct n.
success, (,
Four maj
taminant?
American,
clude p,
pounds,
and met;
Petr(
contamitt
summarir,
and Albei
in the m,
transport
three per(
ment is
trophic s
low-level
tially mot
marine e(
trophic spi
the direct
even of is
major un
1988).
Direct
due to plu
a result of
(Vermeer;,
1981, Parn,
production
tung 1965.
can occur 1,
PARNELL ET AL. • COLONIAL WATERBIRD MANAGEMENT
cal fluctuations (Kushlan in press). Disrup-
tion of these patterns can lead to lowered
nesting success and population decreases.
Thus, protection of wetland habitat is only
the first step in colonial waterbird conser-
vation; such wetlands must also be man-
aged to provide appropriate feeding and
nesting conditions (Kushlan 1986b, 1987).
Contamination
Environmental
to .
lg Colonial waterbirds generally are high
ze in food webs. Many contaminants biomag-
e- nify, leading to high contaminant residue
-ig levels in birds (Vermeer and Peakall 1977,
u- Ohlendorf et al. 1978a, Gochfeld and
of Burger 1982). At this time there are no
3.1- North American colonial waterbird species
ay known to be at risk of extinction because
:a- of contaminants. There are, however, indi-
ds viduals and in some cases populations that
are being seriously affected either through
.re direct mortality, decreased reproductive
of success, or degradation of feeding habitat.
.er Four major groups of environmental con-
)g- taminants are known to affect North
ed American colonial waterbirds. They in-
)r- elude petroleum, organochlorine com-
er- pounds, organophosphorus pesticides,
by and metals.
Petroleum.-The effect of petroleum
es- contamination in the estuarine zone is
Ick summarized by Ohlendorf et al. (1978a)
us- and Albers (1982).
Most oil contamination
[is- .
in the marine environment arises from
ire transport and refining operations. Only
)th three percent of oil in the marine environ-
or- ment is estimated to come from catas-
.tes trophic spills (Farrington 1977). Chronic
ng, low-level pollution could also be poten-
ro- tially more dangerous to estuarine or
Lnd marine ecosystems than isolated catas-
ion trophic spills (Stenzel et al. 1988). Gauging
ila- the direct mortality of such pollution, or
ten even of isolated spills is a complex and
tats major undertaking (Carter and Page
be- 1988).
de- Direct effects of oil include mortality
vet- due to plumage oiling, mortality of eggs as
a result of the transfer of oil from adults
to (Vermeer and Vermeer 1975, Ainley et al.
Ices 1981
and reduced re-
Parnell et al. 1984)
Ao- ,
,
production due to ingestion of oil (Har-
are tung 1965, Albers 1982). Indirect effects
ogi- can occur by decreasing the prey available.
135
Millions of barrels of produced water
(brine) contaminated with water soluble
fractions of oil, as well as small droplets of
oil, are discharged daily into bays and bay-
ous in Texas and Louisiana. Sediments in
the receiving areas are usually heavily con-
taminated with aliphatic and aromatic hy-
drocarbons (Armstrong et al. 1979) result-
ing in a severely depressed aquatic fauna
(Heffernan 1972). Dikes adjacent to evap-
oration pits used to dispose of oil-field
brine attract some nesting terns and ploy-
ers. Young and adults become oiled when
they enter the pit water to escape distur-
bances.
The biggest gap in our knowledge is
the long-term effect of chronic oil con-
tamination. Areas of concern include large
shipping ports, heavily used shipping
lanes, offshore drilling sites, and onshore
drilling sites with brine discharge (e.g. Ain-
ley and Lewis 1974).
Organochlorines.-Organochlorine con.
taminants do not appear to pose a con-
tinent-wide threat to colonial waterbirds.
However, there are several hotspots where
survival and reproduction of local colonial
waterbird populations are being adversely
affected (Ohlendorf et al.:, 1978a, Nisbet
1980).
Data from the Pesticide Monitoring
Program 1980-1981 (SchmltCl'et al. 1985)
indicate that, with a few exceptions,signif-
icant declines in total DDT are occurring
in fish throughout the United States; the .
process, however, is'.slow. Residues, of total
DDT near' former DDT manufacturing
sites in Alabama and Arkansas re-main sub-
stantial. A significant downward trend in
polychlorinated biphenyls also is occurring
in the United States. Dieldrin concentra
tions showed no trends. and remained
highest in the Great Lakes and Hawaii. To-
xaphene concentrations have reached a
plateau after a steady increase through the,,,;'
1970s. Chlordane concentrations have de-
creased slightly. Other ` 6rganochlorines -
were found, at relatively few stations or
were characterized by relatively lbw con-
centrations:
Data from waterbirds indicate that or-
ganochlorine poisoning is continuing. Al-
though endrin, DDT, and dieldrin were
banned in 1964, 1972, and 1975, respec-
tively, these chemicals have caused mortal-
138
COLONIAL WATERBIRDS
Boroff 1967, Rosen 1971, Jensen and and Frohring Price 1987, Brand et al. 1988). , 1985, Vos et al. 1985, and
Chlamydiosis, an infectious disease Hill 1986). Olr
caused by a rickettsia-like intracellular When disturbed, adult birds fl away colonic,
parasite, Chlamydia psittaci, occurs fre- from their nests. Some species, e. the "sport"
quently parasite, in her egrets, and ibises and Green-backed Heron, go a short disc nce, lion is
occasionally r gulls and terns Locke alight and, watch their nests (Ensor, pers. onies a
ccas Burkhart and Page 1971): It is comm.). ther birds such as herons, ulls, to e e 1987, of particular interest because it can be trans- terns, and murres may circle overhead or, ally keep
milted la
humans (Wobes it
and Brand fly some distance away. Cormorants de- ally per :
1982). part for the water where they remain until Her.
Verminous peritonitis, caused b the the cause of their fright is gone. If the dis- what prs
nematode ustreriton sp. has been re- turbance is minor, just a few birds react island is
ported d herons and egrets (Locke 1961 (usually those not incubating); proach a
prolonged, the whole colonmy react by m er 19-
Cooper et al. 1978, Windingstad and temporarily deserting the site (Mueller
Swineford_ 1981). Mortality in these species and Class 1988). Short disturbances au-mos?
was attributed to this organism in Dela- low and
ware ' in 1X76 (Weise et al. 1977) and torn Miles, ai cra tr perm i the t Len b hd to re- for pe( to their nests
Louisiana in 1985 (Roffe 1988). then eo
distur
Although„ the factors discussed above bances (humans on foot) may keep them °DY (King
are known` h_ occasionally cause discussed ab it from their nests for a longer period; both Gulls. murres y adults leave eggs or young nestlings, thus, tubbed o
among colonial waterbirds, their impact on exposing them to avian predators such as tht,
populations is unknown. Numerous other tubbed al
parasites have been found in waterbirds crows (Shields. and Parnell 1986), to cold, level onies, and
d
but their significance, in terms of mortal-
or on a hot summer day to a lethallY' hot with an sanr.
ity Is 'also ver
temperature (Kury and Gochfeld 1
y poorly understood. Birds may not abandon a site because of to boater
Disturbances 'at:Colon Sites frequent human disturbance, but repro- Parnell p
y duction may be impaired. heavily d
Disturbances at breeding, feedin and Birds may become habituated to distur- however,
roosting sites have been recognized fora bances such as sounds of passing air lanes lack of nab
long time and have been well documented or boats, and may feed at the edge of a with beach
during the past 10 to 1 years. These rob- busy highway or airport taxiway and pay Gull a
lems range from factb'rs having Min p no attention to the noises. Heron colonies trial area
effects to those that cornpr°mi 'breedinol are even established near houses, within bance
eactivities and that may result i e eo e lete
oe cities (Dusi 1985a). The herons tolerate sites (drye
d.-
p and perhaps derive benefit from human ers, dump
site abandonment. Such disturbances gen- presence at the periphery of the u
erally result from the effects of weather, birds. Disr
human activities, research, predation; and site, but when people enter the site, colony road-vehicl
noise from aircraft and other, machines. disturbance they cause may be disruptive protected
Human activities are a major factor in to nesting. When herons are establishing 1986), but
the disturbance o f breeding and fora. nests, egg laying, or incubating, a distur= protection
by birds (Hunt, 1972, Ainley and `Lewis bance may cause nest and colony site aban- Domes.
1 .74, Gillet et al'. 1975, Roberts and Ralph dOnment, but after eggs are hatched, even dogs may
P. great and frequent disturbances may not
feeding, or
1975, Johnson and Sloan 1976; Werschkul cause desertion (Dusi stur
et al 1976; Ellison and Cleary 1978, Man= eat nestling
uwal 1978; Campbell 197.9, Duff 1979, Disturbance of beach colonies of gulls, times seriou
Shugart et al. 1979, Tremblay and Ellison terns, or shorebirds depends upon the jacent mars; i a,
h g, Anderson and Keith y an Cairns ease of access to the beach (Buckley and ing species ,
1980, 'M`nd 1980, Parker 1980, Burger Buckley 1976, Taylor et al. 1982). In n upland c
198 1 nests (Mcl;
a,' Burger 1981 b, Bunnell et al. 1981 highly populated areas; unprotected col
Desgranges 1981a, and Reed 1981, Rodgers and onies often are vandalized or driven found genes
Burger 1981, Parsons and Burger 1'.982, through by off-road-vehicles or horseback islands. am
Safina and Bi,4rger 1982, Fetteroff, and, riders: They may be affected also by spray- domestic ro(
1983; Vermeer and Rankin ing for mosquito control. Isolated beaches bance to grog
Blokpoel orses pay li
1984, Jackson and Jackson 1985, Kushlan .. <; are usually safe in comparison (Buckley h
and Buckley 1976). ing birds, b,
nests or dist
,r,
PARNELL ET AL. • COLONIAL WATERBIRD MANAGEMENT 139
and
985 Often people can easily enter upland activities Q. F. Parnell pers. obs.). Hogs
, colonies. Herons may even be shot for may destroy nests and eat eggs and nestl-
fly away "sport" (Dusi 1958) or for food if protec- ings. Mammals such as the introduced nut-
the tion is lax (Dusi pers. obs.). Swamp col- ria (Myocaster coypw) also may cause distur-
e.g.
distance onies are not as easily disturbed by people, bance and even colony abandonment.
,
s especially if the vegetation is thick enough when nocturnal foraging takes them into
.
sor, per
)ns, gulls, to keep boats out, and disturbance is usu- colonies of ground nesters such as Laugh-
erhead or ally peripheral. ing Gulls (J.. F. Parnell, pers. obs.).
rants de- Heron colonies on islands are some- Research activities, especially trapping
nain until what protected by the water barrier. If the and handling, may interfere with normal
If the dis- island is well above water and the sur- breeding activities and reduce productivity
irds react rounding water deep, boats can easily ap- (Southern 1972, Blokpoel 1981, Brubeck
1 major or proach and disturbances may result (Ver- et al. 1981, Gochfeld 1981, Nisbet 1981, .
y react by Meer 1970, Pullin 1983). If the island is and Southern and Southern 1983). Ex-
(Mueller low and marshy or the water too shallow perimental egg removal also has been
inces (au- for most boats, e.g., Cat Island, Alabama, shown to influence production (Feare
irds to re- then people can not easily disturb the col- 1976), and some marking techniques alter
.
shy distur- ony (King pers. comm.). reproductive behavior (Southern and
,eep them Gulls, terns, shorebirds, pelicans, or Southern 1985). As these factors received
riod; both murres occupying insular colonies are dis- greater recognition in the 1970s and
ings, thus, turbed also by people if, like heron, col- 1980s, interest was directed at mitigating
rs such as onies, they are elevated well above water the effect of researcher presence (Kress.
Ainle
and
t al 1987
i
C
983
to cold,
i) level and easily approached by boat. Sites y
,
rns e
a
,
1
,
?thally hot with sandy beaches are especially desirable Boekelheide in press).
eld 1975). to boaters seeking isolated beaches Q. F.
because of Parnell pers. obs.). Least Terns on some . Competition and Predation at. Colony Sites
but repro- heavily developed Mississippi beaches;
however, appear to have benefited from a A dynamic equilibrium exists among
d to distur- lack of natural predators usually associated species that compete fora shared resource
airplanes
g with beaches (Jackson and Jackson 1985). such as nesting habitat. However, when
edge of a Gull and tern colonies in urban/indus- one species greatly increases in numbers,
iy and pay trial areas are highly vulnerable to distur- it may encroach upon the nesting space of
:)n colonies bance by people and their pets, yet many other species: and eventually take over an
ses, within sites (dredged-material deposits, breakwat- entire site as: is happening in -the Great
ns tolerate ers, dump sites) appear attractive to these Lakes where Ring-billed 'Gulls are usurp-
Dm human birds. Disturbances by people and off- ing nesting areas of Common Terns and,
the colony road-vehicles are difficult to control at un- to a lesser extent, Caspian Terns (Blokpoel
ie site, the protected sites (Blokpoel and Tessier , and Tessier 1986). Increasing murre and
disruptive 1986), but such colonies may persist with cormorant populations on the Farallon Is-
establishing protection (Jackson and Jackson 1985). lands displace Western Gulls (Ainley and
'
g, a distur- Domestic animals, such as unleashed Boekelheide in press).
ry site aban- dogs may flush birds that are nesting, Herons. may compete for nesting sites
tched, even feeding, or roosting and disrupt nests and and materials with others of their species
:es may not eat nestlings and eggs. Feral cats are some- and with other species nesting at tJsame
i
times serious problems on beaches and ad- e sel-
colony site, but sites and material? r
.ies of gulls, jacent marshlands. Cats kill ground nest- dom limiting. Cattle Egrets have been ob-
s upon the ing species and occasionally young herons served pecking Little Blue Heron nestlings
4uckley and, in upland colonies, even climbing trees to ., until,forced from their nests, then taking
1982). In nests (McKitrick 1975). They are not "over the..:nests (McKitrick 1975, Dusi
otected col- found generally in swamps or on isolated 1966), they have taken over heron nests
or driven islands. The night-time presence of containing eggs (Dusi and, Dusi 1970).
natural occurrence`and
tio
Pr
d
it horseback
lso by spray- n is a
e
a
domestic animals may cause great distur-
bance to ground nesting birds. Cattle and becomes of management importance when
ited beaches horses pay little attention to ground-nest- ..it adversely . affects declining:„species . or
on (Buckley ing birds, but may accidentally trample . when it affects a large portion of a colony.
nests or disturb colonies during feeding: . A , variety of avian predators have been
i
r
1988 SURVEY OF THE BREEDING STATUS OF THE PIPING PLOVER
IN NORTH CAROLINA
Derb S. Carter, Jr. elf'.
2108 Dunnhill Drive
Raleigh, NC 27608 `
November 1988 (? S 0
SPecies`Act of.1973. Ari essential part of the effort to
protect the. existing population of Atlantic Coast P.i.'ping'
Plovers, and to manage the population for recovery is a
comprehensive assessment of the breeding. status in each.
state and province in which breeding occurs. These.,
comprehensive surveys will provide the basis for
subsequent management to maximize survival and
productivity and a baseline by which to judge the success
of management efforts.
' summer of 1988 volunteers participated in
.the
During
a comprehensive survey of the breeding status of the
Piping Plover i.n North. Carolina. Several published and
unpublished breeding surveys and records exist for known
nesting areas but a comprehensive survey during one
nesting season had never.been conducted. Volunteers
surveyed all known previous nesting areas and other areas
on'ba,rxier islands with characteristic Piping.Plover
breeding habitat.
The 1988 survey located forty breeding pairs of
Piping Plovers along the North Carolina coast. This
exceeds by ten the estimate of thirty breeding pairs in
North Carolina cited in the 1986 recovery plan prepared by
the U. S. Fish and`Wildlife Service but compares favorably
with recent survey. results from specific sites. Breeding
pairs of Piping Plovers located during the 1988 survey
occurred at seven distinct sites with apparent optimum
habitat. All but one breeding pair located during the
1988 survey were in areas of known nesting activity during
recent years. Extensive surveys of possible nesting sites
with no previous records of breeding activity produced
only one new breeding area. The Long Beach nesting was
the first known to occur at that site.
MAR 14 ?9?9
A
Thirty-eight of the forty breeding pairs located
during the 1988 survey were on public lands managed by the
National Park Service or U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service._..
Thirty-five of the breeding pairs occurred on National
Park Service lands between Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout
(26"on Cape Lookout National Seashore and 9 on Cape
Hatteras National Seashore). Three breeding pairs were
located on Currituck National Wildlife Refuge. Breeding
pairs on non-public lands occurred north of Corolla and on
the west end of Long Beach.
The limitations of the 1988 breeding survey of Piping
Plovers in North Carolina should be recognized. The
effort is not a substitute for the annual surveys of
population abundance, distribution, and productivity
called for in the recovery plan. The principal results of
the 1988 survey are a confirmation that.defined areas of
breeding concentration exist and 'a confirmation that the
estimated population of breeding pairs of Piping Plovers.:
for North Carolina should be increased to forty. The
identification of a new nesting site at Long Beach is.:also
noteworthy. The results of the 1988. survey c.nd previous
surveys. should provide a starting point for. the
development of a. comprehensive state conservation plan
which is also called -for in the recovery plan.
The 1988 survey also identified several threats to
plover nesting sites and breeding success. Furman.
disturbance of nesting activities and sites as a.'potential
threat to breeding success at all located sites. Off-road
vehicles are permitted in the vicinity of a.l.l nest sites
except Long Beach. Pedestrian disturbance is a-potential
threat at all sites. The plovers do appeax to ,receive
some protection from recent efforts to rope-of,f and
protect colonial bird nesting sites at several locations.
Finally, the 1988 survey demonstrates that volunteers: can
contribute to Piping Plover management efforts.
This report concludes with several recommendations,
for more intensive and extensive research aqd. management
activities which will be required to meet management and
recovery objectives. These recommendations.,include
conducting intensive annual breeding surveys; more
extensive protection and monitoring of nesting..and
foraging sites; developing a banding or marking program;
research on suitable breeding habitat,'',territgriality; and
carrying capacity; and winter habitat surveys.
k..
A
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This survey of the breeding status of the Piping
Plover in North Carolina was supported by the U. S. Fish
and wildlife Service through the Take Pride in America
Program. The Take Pride in America Program encourages
volunteer efforts by individuals or groups on behalf of
public lands and natural and.cultural resources. The
following individuals participated in or assisted with the
survey:. Derb S. Carter, Jr. (Chair), Bill Brooks, Ann
Carter;'Olin Darby, Richard Davis, John Fussell, Harry
LeGrand, Debbie Mignono, James Parnell, Charles Peterson,
Clyde Sorenson, Howard Winkemeir.
SURVEY METHODS
The objective of the 1988
status- of the Piping Plover in
conduct-du ' ring one breeding se
of known or;potential breeding
to assess the distribution and
threatened species.
survey of the breeding
North Carolina was to
ason a comprehensive survey
sites in the state in order
abundance of this
The barrier islands of North' Carolina provide the
southernmost breeding sites for the Atlantic coastal
population of t'he :Piping Plover. Previous. surveys in
North Carolina (G`old?er':;. 1985; Fussell, 1986; Cooper, 1987;
Fussell,` 198J) iAernt'il .ed areas of concentrations of
breeding a;i`rs of plovers. Most of the areas of breeding
concentration 'are`within or proximate to active inlet
over-wash areas, old inlet.;overwash areas, or capes. These
dynamic areas are characterized by frequent overwashing
from. storm surge which results in broad expanses of flat
sandy and she'lly substrate, sciattered tidal pools, and
often tidal flats on, the landward side of the island.
These areas differ markedly from the remainder of the
barri-lr island which is characterized by a relatively
narrow and steep,bea.ch., high dunes, tracts of stable
vegetation, and 'minimeL;tidal flats on the landward side
of the island. The,?approxima:te 320 miles of North
Carolina barrier islands are broken by 22 active inlets.
Old inlets and exterieive overwash areas occur at several
other sites::` -
Volunteers, which always included at least one
experienced birder,. were assigned to survey all known and
potentially suitable,'breeding sites. Surveys were
conducted by vehicle, boat; and on foot. Records were
maintained of survey effort even if breeding plovers were
not located.
In accordance with the suggested guidelines for
conducting Piping Plover nesting surveys in the recovery
. _
plan, the survey attempted to determine the number of
"breeding pairs" of plovers observed. A "breeding pair"
included a pair exhibiting territorial behavior, a nest
with an incubating adult, or adults with chicks. The
precise location of breeding pairs was described and
recorded on a map. If a nest was located or a family
group observed, the number of eggs or chicks was
determined and recorded. Additional information recorded
for each breeding pair included a description of the
nesting area, ownership of *the area if known, and any
observed threat to the breeding success of the plovers.
RESULTS
The 1988 survey located forty breeding pairs of
Piping Plovers oft North Carolina barrier islands. Table l
summarizes the location, date, and evidence of breeding
for each of the breeding pairs. Of the forty breeding
pairs located, eight nests with eggs and thirteen broods
of chicks were observed. Mean clutch size was 2.75 eggs
and mean brood size was 2.30 chicks. It appears that.the
1988 survey, conducted primarily from mid-June to early
July coincided with the peak hatch of a late breeding
season. Nearly all observed chicks were estimated to be
days or at the most-two weeks out of the nest. Only one
observed brood consisted of nearly fledged chicks: A
severe late spring storm overwashed much of the optimal
nesting habitat along the North Carolina co.ast'. -Rangers
at Cane Lookout National Seashore reported that, this storm
destroyed several nests and it appears likely that most
nests were destroyed and renesting was occurring.
The estimate of forty breeding pairs of Piping
Plovers for North Carolina compares favorably to the
combined results of recent surveys of selected areas.
Table 2 compares the results of the 1988 survey with• the
results of previous surveys. Thirty-eight of .,the forty
breeding pairs were located on public lands.under the
management of the National Park Service of the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. The two breeding pairs not on
public lands were located at the west end of Long,Beach
and approximately four miles north of Corolla.
i
?..
Handbook for Nongame Bird Management and
Monitoring in the Southeast Region
Prepared by

. Y
IV
Coastal flats and sand islands (including inlets, beaches, spoil islands,
and estuaries).
A. Primary management problems.
1. Loss of exposed flats through dredging that takes.spoil off-
shore, hard-structures (jetties, groins) that cause accelerated
erosion in some areas while accretion in others, among other
activities.
2. Coastal development and associated intensity of recreation that
may include off-road vehicle use and increased predation/
disturbance from domestic dogs.
3. Protection of beach and insular nesting species, especially those
that are colonial, from habitat loss, increasing. depredation from
both native and exotic species, and human disturbance.
B. Management opportunities and suggestions.
1. Effective use of Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, Clean Water
Act, Rivers and Harbors Act, Coastal Barrier Resources Act, and
Endangered Species Act should provide for protection of coastal
flats and beaches and the systems that support them. Special
designation of important nesting and shorebird migration stopover
sites may be included within national wildlife refuges, national
seashores and parks, state and commonwealth parks and.preserves,
and selected private lands. Special designations may include
"resource category 1 sites" (unique and,.irreplaceable resources,
according to the Service's mitigation policy) such as at Cabo
Rojo Salt Flats, PR.
2. Work with local landowners/ governments to restrict vehicular
use and other disturbance along upper beach zones at least
during the nesting season (Mid-March to Mid-August) where known
concentrations of beach nesting birds occur.: Other„areas,
especially near inlets and passes, where waves and currents
revitalize upper beaches also should be restricted from overuse
by humans, vehicles, and pets.

3. Most beach nesting species, especially colonial ones, select
open nest sites largely devoid of vegetation cover. However,
where a variety of ground and aerial predators are numerous, and
include exotic species, an equally diverse response in nest site
selection from beach nesting species may=be found, such as at
Culebra, Puerto Rico. An understanding of the response to local
conditions to include local depredation pressure by each beach=`
nesting species is essential to maintaining the habitat quality,
necessary for successful reproduction throughout each species
distribution (Burger and Gochfield 1988, Saliva and Burger 1989').
IT4

4. Opportunities exist to provide for and maintain insular b•reeding
habitat by revitalizing spoil islands with new dredge material
annually and during the nonbreeding season (late August to
early March). Vegetation encroachment on these spoil islands
must be minimized and human disturbance eliminated if at all
possible for most species that would use such situations.
5. Maintain shallow pannes (very shallow, sparsely vegetated zones
that are often dry) in high marsh, particularly as feeding sites
for shorebird broods. The benefits of high marsh pannes for
.foraging and roosting shorebirds may be substantial (Howe 1990).
Open marsh water management programs for mosquito control can be
modified to minimize adverse alteration of these pannes. Also
shorebird chicks hatched on beaches or upland sites may require
unrestricted access to marsh pannes. Eliminate potential
barriers to terrestrial dispersal by shorebird chicks to these.
marsh pannes.
C. Key'references.
1. Burger, J., and M. Gochfield. 1988. Nest-site selection by
Roseate Terns in two tropical colonies on Culebra, Puerto
Rico. Condor 90:843-851.
2. Clapp, R. Z., D. Morgan-Jacobs, and R. C. Banks. 1983. Marine
Birds of,the Southeastern'United States and Gulf of Mexico;
Part:III. Charadriifromes. FWS/OBS-83/30, September 1983.
3. Howe, M. ' A.:: ` 1990. Management of wetlands and beaches for
shorebirds. Pp. 94-108 in N. It. Wells (Compiler),
Proceedings of the Nongame Migratory Bird Workshop,
Region 4, Atlanta, Georgia, 14-16 November 1989.
L).'S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office Information
Transfer, Ft. Collins, CO.
4. Myers, J. P'. 1983. Conservation of migrating shorebirds:
Staging areas, geographic bottlenecks, and regional
mbvements. Am. Birds 37:23-25.
5. Myers, J:,P. 1988. The Sanderling. Pp. 651-666 in
W.. J., Chandler (ed.). Audubon Wildlife Report 1988/1989.
Academic Press.,., -San Diego, CA. 817 pp.
Pi?telka•,' A: (ed.). 1979. Shorebirds in Marine Environments.
Studies in Avian Biology No. 2.
7. Saliva, J.Q.E., and. J. Burger. 1989. Effect of experimental
manipulation of•vegetation density on nest-site selection
in Sooty Terns: Condor 91:689-698.
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Table 1. BREEDING PAIRS OF PIPING PLOVERS LOCATED DURING
1988 SURVEY WITH EVIDENCE OF BREEDING
Pair
Evidence Date Location
terr* 7/2 Currituck NWR
terr 7/2 Currituck Nk'R
2 chicks 7/2 Currituck NWR
4 eggs , 7/2 @ Pennys Hill n. of Corolla
3 chicks 7/2 Cape Point, Cape Hatteras NS
terr 7/2 Cape Point, Cape Hatteras NS
4 chicks 7/2 Cape Point, Cape Hatteras NS
2 chicks 7/2 Cape Point, Cape Hatteras NS
l chick 7/2 Hatteras Island at Hatteras Inlet
4.eggs 7/2 Hatteras Island at Hatteras -Inlet
2`chicks 7/2 Hatteras Island at Hatteras Inlet
terr - 7/1 Ocracoke Island at Hatteras Inlet
terr 7/1 Ocracoke Island at Ocracoke Inlet
terr 6/27
term 6/27
terr/cop* 6/27
tern/cop 6/27
3 .chicks 6/27
2, ;eggs - 6/27
terr 6/27
terr 6/27
terr 6/27
terr 6/27
terr .6/26
terr .6/26
terr 6/26
3 eggs 6/26
4:chicks 6/26
3 chicks ` 6/26
terr/cop 6/26
3 :.chicks 6/27
ter'r 6/26
1 egg 6%-26'
2 eggs 6?/25
4 eggs 62,5
terr 6/25
1 click 6/25
1 chick 6/25
2 e? s 6/25
1 c'1?1,Ek 3/21
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island...
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
north end. Portsmouth island
north end.Portsmouth Island
north end Portsmouth Island
Portsmouth Island at Old Drum
Portsmouth Island at Old Drum
Portsmouth Island at Old Drum
Portsmouth Island at Old Drum
Portsmouth Island at New Drum
Portsmouth Island at New Drum
Core Banks at New Drum Inlet
Core Banks at New Drum Inlet
Cape Lookout, Power Squadron
Cape Lookout, Power Squadron
Cape Lookout, Power Squadron
Cape Lookout, Power Squadron
west end Long Beach
te'rr:. pair exhibiting territorial behavior
terr/cop: pair exhibting territorial behavior;
copulation o`'bserved

Inlet
Inlet
Inlet
Inlet
Inlet
Inlet
Spit
Spit
Spit
Spit
Table 2. COMPARISON OF 1988 SU?ZVEY RESULTS WITH PREVIOUS
SURVEYS FOR SELECTED AREAS
Area Number Breeding Pairs
1988 Survey Previous Survey.
Currituck NWR 4 5 (Fussell,. 1987)
Cape Point 4 4 (Cooper, 1987)
(Golder, 1986)
Hatteras Inlet 4 5 . (Cooper, 1987)
(Golder, 1986)
n. Portsmouth Island 14 20 (Fussell, 1986)
New/Old Drum Inlet 8 5 (Fussell., 1986)
Cape Lookout 4 1 (Fussell, 19.86):
Shackleford Banks 0 (Fussell, 19 )
LAND OWNERSHIP OF PIPING PLOVER ICIEST SITES L'OCATEDDURING
1988 SURVEY
National Park Service 35
[Cape Lookout National Seashore] [26]
[Cape Hatteras National Seashore] [ 9]'r
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 3
[Currituck National Wildlife Refuge] [ 3]°
Private 2
Total 40

INNORTHCAROU
} 'JANUARY 1990 ' 775 CENTS -
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It V
' �iL� ./ �rrt �r..A :.-� t � t}/ �.1 j11��\�.' -•�tk e � i J ./ 4 i
iN
5 � 7
e Y•

Many coastal birds nest
together, and protecting',the
places where they raise their
young is the key to their
survival.
by Tom Henson.
photography byKen,Taylor
t wasn't hard to figure out that water
birds inhabited the island. Scores. of
them were in the air, flashing patches of
characteristic bright white feathers. And
even if they hadn't been visible, we would
have known they were thereby the'intense
aroma of fish that greeted us as we
maneuvered the boat from downwind.
The scene we witnessed, as we°waded
ashore, is one of the great spectacles of
nature. In virtually-every area of bare sand
were closely packed nesting terns-thou-
sands of royal terns and hundreds of sand-
wich terns in intermixed..colonie. To the
east, in dense stands of grasses and.other
vegetation, were thousands of,laughing gulls
attending their, ;well-bidden nests. In a small
clump of shrubs; sev#al tricolored hesoW
sat on. crude nests b from sticks and
vegetaiion. Overheat the sky was filledt ,
with raucous birds vok' ing dtspie„,uge ,t our
presence as they carried food to mates arid,
Young -
"-This .
This liuely scene is repeated yearly as the
wat4
?birds congregate during the spring and
slArnmer months on islands and beaches
throughout the coastal region of North
.Cardfina they are-ere to nest. They nest
inloud;:squaw"Qbloniesbecause they, _
are'?olony,nesti#ig or colonial waterliirds,
birds that feed c t fish and other 4,4altit~, a
Thousd)ds o f ri ng royal terns lay
their eggs'ori bare sand on a rAa, -Agile
island in the Cape Fear RiieA.`The "
coos, twrning colony u typical of `Elie
nesang strategies adopted by 25 coastal
bird species that fiird safety in numbers.
15,
Our Coastal
Colony Nesters
their eggs on bare, windswept beaches;
An Island's Changing Habitat others like the safety of dense maritime
Over time, islands made of dredged sand are invaded by,plants in several stages forests; still others feel more protected in
deep coastal swamp forests.
of natural.succession. Each stage may attract different.species of nesting waterbirds. Over the years, the timeless nesting urge
of these birds has changed as their habitat
grasses s.. herbs ?trrt shrubs
. has diminished. Once most colonial water-
birds nested on beaches and natural islands.

Year r ,
But because of heavy recreation and devet
opment, many species today have shifted to

't -
man-made islands-islands built or moth
-•, r ..?u t v s ?:, M.:. fied by dredging operations in estuaries and
Seed s: deposited 6 spring and high dries farm mo conrenLm rings of g asses on the b.werdrift ndgesaf theulg .....Royal
reins, sandwich terns and least terns nest on the bare sand of the isf slopes. coastal rivers. These islands provide:?uitable.'
nesting Habitats for many species, although
many of these habitats are temporary: In- v
deed,.arLisland that begins as a pile of .. 4
Years
.14

dredged sand•will 'change over time as
different plants become established. First,

- On17110R K? +? 4.
r ?t F
r S>r?
y
u grasses will colonize the lower slopes of the ,
-
.... ...-K.. .,.u.
t?s w.: :.. ,.- is 67wlcsl[vtemer a ll/ack?lfem7xer * •. .,' ._ > nr island; movingup the slopes year by year.
i
l
O
h
ll
ants wi
t
er p
start growing, creating
Al plants move in, the area c banesand has retreated to the dome where
f royal terns may sail nest. Grownn on the l°"p' '
slopes are sparse
rasses and herbs where common terns
gull-billed terns and black skimm
r
d n
tin
habira
fi denser patches of vegetation. Finally, a. thick
g
,
n
g
c.
e
s
es
maritime forest will replace the earlier stages
of vegetation. The entire process of suc-
Year io . cession may take 30 years, and each habitat
stage attracts specific species of birds.

herons .. b herons
`,rr The change to island nesting has been
- - 'brown peGcmu -, blac?.rlammer brownpettcmss
h'ngs fortunate in at least one respect. In most
cases, islands prbvide the isolation that's
Common terns>i1;bi1(ed terns, and black skimmers now find their grassy nesting habitat higher on the slopes. Lower
down, the uegera£imi has iiwre dense, aaiacting nesting brown pelicans and laughing gulls. Some heron species
b
in
h
t
sh
l e'lo
r
i
h
i
d necessary for successful breeding. Because

the islands are normally developed in open
rn y
e nes
ing
t
e
t at r
wes
po
nt of t
an
e;s
. water in a very short time, mammalian
predators are absent. These islands have now
„ Rear 30+ A!
become critical habitat for the birds and
may, in fact, represent their last nesting
r

? h
` havens in the state.
At first glance, the status of these birds is
deceiving. If you visit an island where
Irl.d,e young maridine fairest that deuelopsdur rig rite islands ?are*"suaessional stages, hetoru, egrets and ibises nest Note thousands of nesting waterbirds are
1ww the wind has eroded the island. New sand•tieposrts orc these islands can result in a mixture of siu face ages and
habitats. gathered, you might get the impression that
technit:a{ asiis,{ar :_James F. Parnell, Uniw sky of Nonh Carolim at ?ArJmington these birds are downright abundant. But the
island may be only one of a few sites with
nesting habitat. In addition, many of the
species and derive safety from numbers colored, green-backed, black-crowned and'

Wh
t ki
d
f
mb
? I
ei
w
n th
ll
w
d
h
h
h
d
preferred habitats are temporary and can
dl
f d
l
h
b
a
o
nu
n
ers
t G
s o
e ye
o
-cro
ne
nig
t
erons), t
e great an eve
y
ecause o
opment,
c
ange rapi
specie. In a given colony, fherelinay be only , snowy egrets,` and the white glossy ibises. erosion and vegetative succession.
a fevr dozentesi ing pairs of herds and The colony-nesting shorebirds comprise In fact, population levels of most colonial
egrets, but a few thousand;paiirs.6f gulls and three gulls (laughing gull, herring gull, and waterbirds in North Carolina today are de-
terns may be tl3ere as well,.
great black-backed gull), seven terns (gull-
clining. The snowy egret, little blue heron,
Twenty five species exalt it 50lony- billed, Caspian, royal, sandwich, common, tricolored heron, glossy ibis, and black
nes havior in North t' rghna~. Among Forster's and least), and the black skimmer.
h
bi
lrl
d
h
i
d
h
•
'
= skimmer have declined so much that they
d
"
l
"
t
ecae
ce
r
s are
ie an
ir
ga, t
Twenty
e
-
one of these species nest on barrier
double= rL ted cormorant and die-brown islands and estuarine islands and the er
may be given
specia
status un
concern
the North Carolina statutes on rare and
pelican. The long-legged waders iricltide six rer4 fining four species nest primarily in the endangered animals. Populations of the
heron species (great blue, little blue; tTi- coastal swamps. Some of them prefer to lay brown pelican, double-crested cormorant,
16 ?.
A common tern finds a convenient
perch on a sign erected by Wildlife
Commission biologists. About 30
islands serving as nesting grounds were
posted in 1989. Discouraging human
disturbance on these islands is only pare
Of a multi-agency effort to protect "
vulnerable populations of the colony- '
nesters.
great egret, black-crowned night-heron,
yellow-crowned night heron, white ibis,
least tern, common tern,"royaitern,
Forster's tern, and sandwich tern are
considered to be vulnerable.
To help these birds, the N.C.: Wildlife
Resources Commission's Nongame and.
Endangered Wildlife Program has under=
taken a new management project based
primarily on the research.o f Dr.. James:,
Parnell of the University of North Carolina
at Wilmington. Although the Wil4fe
Commission will be the lead agency, a host
of other agencies and organizations will also
be involved; including the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers,;National Audubon Society,
National ParkService,,U.S. Fish aztd Wild-
life Service, National Marine Fisheries Ser-
vice,N.C Division of ivf4*tFi heries,
N.C. Division of Coastal' ainagecnent; and
N. C. Division of Nks and Recreation. A11
of these agencies have an interest .in the
coastal environment,*d several have dliect
land-management responsibilities. All have,_;.
agreed to cooperate.i managngand pro-
tecting these birds,
The first step h the progiaitm is to prO test
nesting area and nesting birds. Many
,nesting areas will be closed to entry since
disturbance by peop" le can have devastating
effects in colonial svaterbird nesting Colo-aies. When adult birds are disturbed, they
leave their nests wended with eggs or,
chicks exposed' o-.t'h6elements. Chrlling `.
during cool, wed weather or overheating in
'the summer su? can kill developing em-,.
bryos and small`chicks. Larger chicks riay
befi)tced away,ftotn thi ,nest ahd" become
entangled in vej etas' di ,bf they niay ?sren be
killed:.byother birds in the colony whose`
territories they violate Avianpredators such
as gulls a td fish crows often take advantd'ge '
of human disturbarices to rob unattended
nests. In addition, the eggs and chicks of
ill
Our Coastal
Colony Nesters
Forced from their natural rtiasting
habitats along the beaches and barrier
islands, many colony nesters moued.m
man-made islands like'this one ir?,the
Cape Fear River. As it, is colonised by
different plants oa#tWw, the island
offers a variety of terl tp'grcxry hnb i= co ` .
biros''.
ground nester are highly eatnoaflaged anal
maybe inadvertently cruk?d udder foot tit:
rua,ovq by vehicles. u
Other kinds of disturbance are even more
lethal ,not only to birds but tq other wildlife
as well. The coastal region toclay, is: exploding
with people building houses, roads and -
marinas, development that disturbs nesting
but also destroys habitat and pollutes water.
Water pollution is a most insidious
problem, resulting in slashed food supplies,
poispned birds and eggs that won't produce
.chicks. Garbage is a problem, too, especially
plastics. Many birds are killed each year after
becoming entangled in discarded monofila-
t, ment fishing lines, nets and plastic packaging
materials.
When all these facts are considered, it's
obvious that our colonial waterbirds are in a
precarious situation. To protect the birds
from intrusion, the Wildlife Commission in
1989 posted approximately 30 islands that
serve as nesting grounds for waterbirds.
Other cooperating agencies have done the
same on several beaches. Although these
agencies hope for voluntary compliance,
-regulations are now being formulated that
will make entry into some of the nesting
areas during the nesting season a
misdemeanor punishable by fines. These
closures will be enforced by the
Commission's Division of Enforcement.
The second step in the program will be
managing nesting habitat. Each waterbird
species is adapted to a particular nesting
substrate and vegetative community. Terns,
for example, won't lay their eggs anywhere
except on the bare sand. Brown pelicans and
18

KEN TAYLOR
Like cormorants and other birds, an
anhinga (top left) spreads its wings to
dry. Anhingas nest in inland ponds and
lakes rather than on coastal islands.
Broom pelicans (below) nest among
densely growing plants on coastal
islands.
laughing gulls like denser plant cover, and . ,.
herons and egrets require thic6t 66rees
and shrubs for nest-building The; Lange, of ?, .
preferred nesting habitat for each species is
very narrow and colonies will readily move'
to. more suitable habitat from yeo to year.
The object of habitat nianagernent is to
provide enough of the right nesting ,habitat
for each species in a well-distributed net-
work throughout the coastal area: The
to managing habitat will be;durnping
dredged materials onto islands, thatare
eroding or have become overly,vegetated
This will permit new habitats =* aresand;
for example-to develop that weren't
present before. Such manipulation will Help
assure that preferred habitat is available to
each species. In some instances; it wwill i ?, , .
necessary to control vegetation directly by
mechanical means.
To locate colonies and decide how to
manage thesk6, Wildlife &ommission
biologists conducted aerial surveys of the
entire coastal ar%a last May. This annual
activity will yield; informationthat can be
compared fromn year t6year to identify ateas
that have become unsu ble fos: nesting.,The ,
habitat can then be assesse(?-w find,o6t why
ihe.birds abandoned it Aiid Steps Gait beUa n to restore its at ktiveftwio nesting?
birds. The`results'ot he surveys will i
available to'all parties of the cooperative
agreement to aid them in managing their
colonies or'help in reviewing the environ<
mental mpacts gf+development.
IortliCarolui "ploiial Waterbird
Broj ct has great tentiai in conservigg
these"rimportant dlife resources. VrI'itliin
tie cooperative a#nosphere, a number of
accomplishments have already beeti reaW&.
Perhaps the greatest has been m4&"g tfblic
agencies and private citizens aware`o£ ihe '
value of these birds and the'need tci'gcotect
their habitats. The cooperative appi?6aclt'is
unique and':it can become a model for b
states and-for other w,%ife;;ppecies. ® ?
19

Cry of the Plover
FRANK GRAHAIM JR.
C
J
s
r
0
a
s
The,.piping plover: Exquisitely implanted in its wild surroundings.
HELP STAMP ,OUT PIPING pairs of piping plovers remained around
PLOVERS. the Great L<kes, and only 476 pairs
Is this exhorrarion about to appear on. along the entire Atlantic Coast of the
bumper scicke75 in the northern Great I United States.
Plains? Not t?ety ; likely.' Yet:. the senci But organizations that mighc be de-
merit may lodge ,cep in the hurts of scribed as "important interests" would
certain cic'i_ens There, not because of any prefer to let matters take their course.
depredations carried our by, these pretty, These groups include the Central Ne-
melodious,litciq,shoreb rds', hit because braska Public Power and Irrigation Dis-
their.. very vulnerabilicy threatens' to, . , trici; Wyoming Water Development As-
scotch plalls;fvr ©ne c4r two more,water sociation, Colorado Water Conservation
devel'opgiepc pro?acts along the region's Board, Board of Water Commissioners
major +rivers
. g ;. of the City and County of Denver, and
the pipin?„pl{ ver is one,of those birds &ebaaska Water Resources Association.
nvhose fame has soared in'.invecse propor- At a series of public hearings in Ne-
tl on to its numbers. Last Decenaber',the'
federal government "listed" it, deck lnn,
the species endangered in thc;; Great
Lakes region and threatened throughout
. rd ..
the rest of its range
'Logical enough. W/llac ?edse would you,
do with,a bird whose dw,lidling,popu
'lation has been comme*, d on with,
co ern byomithologists and birders for
More tTlan a decade? In,1 ,72 Americ to
BirJ{ piit che; species on 'i'ts. Blue Lfst,
Which sir es as an early-wariUng sy,scet l
on che;,,"eceriorating status, of North
An;eriCai1 birds: It-i. Argil 19,85 the C,
11, iln Committee of tiie catu's of En-
< a geM. i ife in ana , a eclared
t iT it endanger
ed in t Tit oountr?.
Last summer only sever?!en brcedinR
braska, Colorado, and Wyoming during
1985, they and about twenty other
groups expressed their opposition to giv-
ing the piping plover the protection of
the Endangered Species Act.
Although the basis of the opposition
was, of course, economic (more dams for
development, more irrigation projects
for agriculture), the overt issue at the
hearings; was the adequacy of the sci
entific data supporting the proposed list-
ing :Qtlie`ptping'plover in the northern
Grear Plains: Presenting the case for the
plover were more than 170 federal, state,
and Canadian agencies, biologists, con-
seryation organizations. (including Au:..
dubc.n. representatives)';` and other inter-
ested, men and women. It was a scenario
familiar to those who have followed the
ernbatded fortunes of obscure organisms
such as the. snail darter and Furbish's,'.
lousewort,, though rare in the attempt
to list creatures with as much public ap-
peal as birds. Alas, the piping plover's
appeal has generally been restricted to
birders who themselves haunt the open
beaches and inland watery places of our
continent.
Compared with most other shorebirds,
the piping plover has a limited year-
round range. It breeds in. a discontin-
uous paccem along the Atlantic Coast
from Newfoundland to North Carolina,
around the Great Lakes, and on the
northern Great Plains. It spends the
winter on the Atlantic and Gulf of Mex-
ico coasts from North Carolina south-
ward, and in the Bahamas and West
Indies.
Z
s
S
- 12-
Distraction display near a piping plover's nest: The picture is dismal.
An ample range, one is tempted to
say. Yet within this area the suitable
nesting sites were never abundant, even
on pristine coastlines and riverbanks.
Today they are disappearing with dra-
matic speed. The piping plover chooses
only sandy stretches, marked by pebbles
and shells but only sparse vegetation.
High on beaches near the dunes, sand-
bars scoured of vegetation in the middle
of rivers, salt-encrusted areas of sand,
gravel, or pebbly mud on interior alkali
lakes and ponds-these are the settings
in which the plovers court and raise
their young. Their nests are shallow de-
pressions scraped in the sand and some-
times lined with shells, pebbles, and bits
of organic.debris found on the beach.
Few birds are so exquisitely implanted
in their wild surroundings. The color of
this plover's plumage is exactly that of
the dry`sarid on northern beaches, while
the black of its broken collar and of the
streak along its folded wings mimics the
brittle flotsam`of dried seaweeds, skate-
egg;cases, and wind.-rolled twigs of the
dunelands:.The eggs and chicks, flecked
in a pepper-and-salt pattern, grade as
softly as the 'adults intro the shiftingsands.
THE BIRD'S VOICE is, in an-
other 'sense, equal to its environ-
ment. Although we associate birds with
songs and calls, we name them more of-
ten for the colors of their plumage or the
shapes of their features. Any birder ad-
dicted to trivia, however, ought to be
able to come up with a couple of dozen
North American species whose names
are based on the sounds they utter, or
are imagined to utter. Would you in-
clude mute s-,van or calliope humming-
bird (Steilula calliope, "little star with a
beautiful voice")?
The quality of the piping plover's call
is likewise suggested by both its ver-
nacular and scientific names (the latter
is Charadrius melodus), drawn from the
musical vocabulary. Ornithologists often
reproduce its call as peep-Li. Winsor IMir-
rett Tyler, who wrote the account of this target of gunners on both its spring and
fall mi
rati
H

species for A. C. Bent's Life Histmies of g
ons.
erbert K. Job, an or-
nithologist and photographer
ex
ressed
North American Shore Birds, caught the ,
p
a different point of view when he wrote

essence of this note.
"Walk along the water's edge and, ,
"The sight of a big man with a gun chas-
ing the little things has always seemed to
although the sea may be pounding
on the shore and a northerl
gale h
wl- me an atrocity." The species hit a low
i
'
y
o
ing about our ears, we shall hear the po
nt early in our own
century, but relief
came juste in time with the
i

plover's voice; a soft musical moan, we passage
n
1918 of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act

cannot tell from where, but clear and
distinct above the sound of waves and ,
which gave federal protection to most of
the sh
bi
d
T

wind. The note has a ventriloquial qual- ore
r
s.
he plover rebounded
gallantly.
ity, and it is often our first- intimation By 1929 Tyler was able to work up an
that a piping plover is near, for the soft
' extremely optimistic prognosis
based on
gray of the bird
s plumage .matches the
sandy background
whereas the not
i ,
the species' new legal status and the
,
e
s
pervasive and attracts our attention. by protective coloration which tended to
thwart wild predators
"The e
h

its strangeness."

It is appropriate 'that-, a -N4, which .
ggs, t
e
young, and the adult,b.ird are alike pro-
tected," he wrote
"so, now that man

melts so perfectly into its surroundings ,
,
is no longer its, deadly enemy there
is
and whose cry is so haunting along the
wild shore should be inoffensiv
_V66`
' .
little to check the species from re- '
'
'
e e
in
°
defense of its nest. The plover some populating
its
breeding haunts in its
former numbers."
times dives:or'calls at an intruder, but as
Peter Matthiessen writes irL '
The Wi
d Ali, the clouded crystal ball: Man the
'
,
n
Bads, "Its belligerence is sd- airy and' in-" .
gunner turned" out to. be nor as deadly
as. man the recreationist. Beaches every=
audible that a victim who was not alerr
% `dhere have been appropriated for com-
would scarcely be aware of it at all. ' Like.. ;
other plovers
it resorts to di
t
i
di •mercial and recreational development.:.
C
,
s
ract
on.
s-
plays, which often have the efEeci ofaur-. - ,
ottages -and hot dog: stands occupy
'the plover's former nesting sites
beach
ing a potential predator away from the,
nest. John James Audubon
who
ainted ,,
buggies crush its. eggs and young, while
k
,
p
the species on his trip to the Magdalen even ra
ing the beacli for trash scoops :.
h

Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in up t
e eggs as well. A U,S. Fish :and '
Wildlife Service- docurnent m
i
'
June 1833, described its contortions. ent
ons
other hazards:
"You may see the mother, with ex- "There has been an in(
reasing num-
panded tail and wings trailing on the
ground, limping and fluttering before ,
ber of unleashed pets, as well as feral
do
d
T
h

you, as if about to expire," Audubon

" gs an
cats...
he result
as been
predation of plover checks and'ehs and'
-
wrote.
It is true you know it to be an
artifice... when the bird has fairl
g
t
id abandonment of nesting areas. Human
d
l
y
o
r
of her unwelcome visitor, and you'see eve
opments near beaches have attract= . '
ed an increased number 'of' predators

her start up on her legs, stretch'forth
her wings
and fl
i
i
h .
such as skuriks'and 6accoons. On the '
'
,
y away p
p
ng
er soft northem,plains, the raccoon ha
greatly
note, you cannot but participate in the expanded.its range since ;he t940s`and
joy that she feels."
The bird was still abundant i
A is a common predator 'of the American
w
e
`
'
n
u-
dubon's time. But as the nineteenth avoc
r,
hich nest
s. in
habitat similar to.
that of the,plover Gulls, which have in-
century wore on, it became a favorite crew§ed, rapidly in portions of the Great
Lakes and Atlantic Coast over the past
thirty years, may be a.,significant factor
in reducing,plover numbers by predation
of eggs and yourig
Ori the Great; Plains,,, the damming
and,,. channel izatrgn of" rivers had+`'de
stroyed mo's't of -tie sandbars where the
plover once nested. "Along three short
stretches of thelVlissouri Rivet not, in-
undated by reservbirs,,..utltiniely xvatxr.
releases from 'dams sub}:ect remditrin
sandbar habitat to alteration and flood-

voL,,? ing during the breeding season," the
Fish and Wildlifg„Service. reports. "Thee
damming and wh dra%val of water for ir-
rigation an&otHer';4aurposes have altered E
-14- i

T
dr?

4

water flows in rivers such as the Platte
River." When the flow is cut, the sand-
bars are no longer scoured of their vege-
tation, and the dense tangles that grow
up ruin the plover's potential nesting
sites.
The calamity here is that individual
birds are often locked into their tradi-
tional sites. The trait is known to or-
nithologists as "place faithfulness" and is
particularly strong in this species. The
birds return again and again to the same
locations, start to nest on a vacant
beach, but repeatedly have their nests
destroyed as humans come flocking in
with the fine weather. What may serve
as a symbol of their persistence was a
piping plover originally banded as. a'.chick on Long Island, New York, and
trapped at the same place fourteen years
later, in 1961. at also established itself
at the time as the oldest shorebird on
record.)
A MOST ALL NESTING sites of
the species are known to.biolo- _
gists, and the picture is dismal.
number of breeding pairs on Long Island
has ec ine om more t an iv`e u
re in t e s to a ut -one Fu--n-Jr-ed
at present. he Five hundred pain once
own to ave re around t e eeat
La s are n3Y own to seventeen, w i e
t o popu ation esrimace at more t n a
e pairs at ng oint, tario,
Iias vanished: The largest concer tra-
Lion, if that is the proper wo-r remains
on. the Wort em rear Plains o t e
ni a tares an anada, t oug t e
n=Tberttereis fewer c'-ian i teen un-
dre pairs an ec fining rap:t2 y. That re-
gion ar ors most oT Che opposition to
listing the species.
"Opposition to the proposed rule was
received from twenty-five water manage-
ment organizations, attorneys represent-
ing the organizations, and consultants
retained by those organizations in the
Platte River Basin of Colorado, Ne-
braska, and Wyoming," the Fish and
Wildlife Service reports. "The principal
concern of the Colorado and Wyoming
water groups was the potential impacts
this listing might have on water devel-
opment projects on the South Platte
River, Colorado, and the North Platte
River, Wyoming. Nebraska water groups
expressed similar.concems for the two
rivers, as well as the Platte River itself.
The water groups contend that proposed
reservoirs and other river-related projects
may be curtailed because 'the piping
plover nests on sandbars in the Platte
River and its tributaries."
Basically, the opposition groups con-
tended that there was not enough evi-
-16-
dente co prove that their water projects
had anything to do with the piping'
plover's decline, or that the decline was
significant. One opposition report even
argued that the development of woody
floodplain .vegetation .vas not the result
of altered flow in the Platte River Basin,
but rather of the year-round presence
of water in the river. The Fish and Wild-
life Service, which is charged by Con-
gress with enforcing the Endangered
Species-Act,--replied- that a number of
studies by various-. agencies (including
the us Geological Survey) proved that
a lack of scouring was the principal
cause of the loss or modification of open
sandbars: It reported.that about seventy
percent'of 'the PIatte's.'annual flow was
diverted. forvarious projects ;in the three
states.and.that the -channel width in
many areas had been. reduced. to
be- ten' "and: 'twenty:rpercent of its
former size..
"In the present judgmerit;of the. Ser-
viceits report argued `the de-watering
of the: Platte ' Ri'V' e ove e past fifty
years; has been a. causativeA' gent in "the
reduction . of available .wetlands and
sandbars fbr.the.piping`ploverand. other
species of 'Wildlife', -.*tiding the- least '
tem and whooping 'crane."
Pointing out that its final decision
must be made on biological rather than
economic grounds, the Fish and Wild-
life Service opted for the plover. The
agency recognized the plover's near-
extirpation in the Great Lakes area by
declaring it "endangered" there, while
listing it as "threatened" in the rest of its
range.
The difference is a matter of degree.
In the case of an endangered species,
certain money might be available, and
certain steps might be taken on an
emergency basis, while those resources
might not be extended to a threatened
species. The penalties for killing or oth-
erwise molesting birds are higher for the
endangered species, too.
"But the welfare of the species will be
considered as a whole," says James En-
gel, endangered species coordinator in
the Fish and Wildlife Service's Minne
sofa office. "The first step is to put to-
gecher a recovery team, and then pre-
pare a recovery plan. We cannot say at
this tine whether any water projects will
be altered by the plan. But we will be
working closely with state agencies and
consulting with water groups to make
sure 'that. the terms of the Endangered
Species Act are carried out."
If the recovery team is successful,
and `e apposition is not, the piping
plover mad :lapse yagain into blessed
obscurity. *'
RONICA645
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Attachment C
Information Supplied By
the N.C. Natural Heritage Program
on Bird Island
:.-` `' APR 13 1 92 13:03 DEFINR LIBRARY 337 P03

Natural Features of Bird Island, North and South Carolina
by Flan s. Weakley
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Ve e, t(ck l
Bird island is a barrier island in Brunswick Comity, North Carolina and
Horny County, South Carolina. It is one of the very few undeveloped barrier
islanus in North Carolina from the state line north to Cape Lookout, a stretch
of-roughly 140 miles. The others are Masonboro Island in New Hanover County,
Hutaff Island and Lea Island in Pendex County, Bear Island in onslow County, and
''Shackleford Banks in Carteret County.
Bird island has vegetation (natural communities) typical of barrier islands
of the middle Atlantic States. These natural communities have declined.rapidly
throughout the region owing to development of beachfront property. Only a small
percentage of barrier islands remain in natural or semi.-natural cona?.tion. Bird
islands vegetation can ba divided into a number of natural communities. Upper
Beach, Dune Grass, Maritime Ivry Grassland, Maritime Wet Grassland, Maritime
shrub, Maritime Evergreen Forest, Maritime Shrub Swamp, Brackish Marsh, Salt
Shrub, salt Flat, and Salt Marsh communities are found here. All are in good to
excellent condition, with a minimum of? human disturbance.
of greatest note are the Maritime Evergreen Forest and Maritime Shrub Swamp
natural communities. While not extensive on Bird Island, both of these
community types are considered endangered an a state and global bailie.
A number of rare species have been reported from Bird Island. A rare
plant", seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) is found on the overwash flat at
the "western end of the island and on the upper beach and along the base of the
foredunes the length of the island. Once distributed from South Carolina to
Massachusetts, seabeach amaranth has been extirpated from Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, New York, New jersey,. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia,
and is now limited to about twenty-five islands between Cape Hatteras, North
Carolina and Cape Romain, South Carolina. Threatened in North Carolina, this
plant is,, being considered for addition to the federal list of endangered and
threatened species. What makes the plight of this unassuming beach plant so
interesting is its potential as a crop plant. Many species of the amaranth
genus have been used as grain.or vegetable crops, especially in third world
countries. Amaranths (also known as pigweeds) are especially important crops
becauca:of their high nutritive content, the grain and leaves being rich in
protein and vitamins. Seabeach amaranth is of interest to crop researchers
because it has the largest seeds in the genus, and can obviously grow in saline
environments, which are common in desert and irrigated parts of the world.
Scientists are presently r©searching itc development as a crop and its potential
use in Ethiopia.
.Black Skimmers (Rynchops n_iger) have used Bird Island as a nest site.
These spectacular and odd birds ere considered a Spocial Concern species in
North Carolina because of declines in their populations, apparently because of
their sensitivity while nesting to human disturbance. Bird Island has also been
used by Least Terns (Sterna albifrons) as a nesting site. This attractive
waterbird (the Smallest of North American terns) nests in colonies on beachs and
island ends which are not too often disturbed by human visitors. While not yet
1

fhroatened, Least Terns are declining because of the ever-increasing usage of
their habitat by humans and their pets. Bird Island serves as a refuge to these
colonial nesters because of its undeveloped condition and relatively light usage
by human visitors.
Estuarine waters and marshes behind Bird Island serve as habitat for two
other rare animals, the marked goby (Gobionellus stigmaticus), a fish of Special
Concern in North Carolina, and knobbed whelk (Busycon carica),. a mollusk of
special Concern. The statue of those two aquatic organisms is not well known.
The assurance of the long-term protection of Bird Island in an undeveloped
condition would help assure a brighter future for the rare and endangered
natural resources of the barrier ialands of the Carolinas.

A APR 13 '92 13:00 DEHNR LIBRARY 337 P01
' ....?., .: ....... , . - - .. "=:. 'fir. • t,?;l?,
North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources &Community Development
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Howard N. Lee, Secretary
January 26, 1978
MEMORANDUM
TO: Heritage Program files
Alan Eakes
Dr. Robert Teulings
FROM: E. La Verne Smith, Lance Peacock
N. C. Natural Heritage Program
SUBJECT: Bird Island
The following recommendations and description of the
biota of Bird Island are based on a January 16, 1978 field
reconnaissance conducted by the authors of this memorandum
with the assistance of the Division of Marine Fisheries'
personnel, plane, and boat. Aerial and ground reconnaissance
and photography were possible, and 35 min color slides of
Bird Island are available from the Heritage Program.
Bird Island, which is the last island off the North
Carolina coast before the South Carolina border, totals
approximately 40-60 hectares high ground. It has an average
width of 304 meters"and is low topographically, with very
low, arcuate, northeast trending dune ridges being the
dominant feature"(COE Final EI5; 1977). At two points
on.the island the marsh extends into the island approximately
15-20 meters and small pools' exist at the end of these marsh
channels Evidence of man's past attempts to use the island
exists, such as the old dock near the southern end of the
island,`the unpaved road running NE-SW across the island
and originating from the burned bridge which once provided
access from Sunset Beach,, and remaining telephone poles.
A single duck blind exists on the margin of the northeast
pool.
_r. O. oar 27aa7 Raleigh, North Carolina 27011
An Equal Opportunity Afflrmettee Action Employer
r
APR 13 '92 13:01 DEHNR LIBRARY
Memo to Heritage Program files
Page Two
January 26, 1978
337 P02
The vegetation of Bird Island is typical of that found
on North Carolina's other barrier islands. Due to its
southern location the island's four dunes are vegetated
primarily by Uniola pan?iculata (Sea Oats) with small patches
dominated by Iva im ricta 'U5ea Elder). The shoreline in
the area has been accreting for four to five years and the
inlets to the north and south of Bird island are shallow
and shoaled. The central portion of the island is occupied
primarily by shrub thicket vegetation, the canopy of which
varies from 2--4 m and is dominated by uercus virginiana
(Live Oak), ica cerifera (Wax myrtle , anus taeda
(Loblolly pine), and Bacchagis an ustifolia alse willow).
Swales and lower portions of the is an are occupied by
S artina atens (Salt meadow cordgrass) grading into a
partina a terniflora (Smooth cordgrass marsh which extends
behind the is and. and along the channels entering the island.
Large amounts of Limonium carolini.anum (Sea Lavender) and
ats wit large amounts of Salicornia
TT-
several small salt
virginiea (GlasCffort) occur in the S. patens mea ows.
8alicornia euurrooea (Glasswort) was interspersed in the S.
a to ni ora-marsh along drainages and small stands of
Borric a frutescens (Sea ox-eye) were noted in the higher
reaches of t1e marsh.
Two animal species of concern which may nest on Bird
Island are the Least Tern and the Loggerhead Turtle. Neither
species was reported by Marine Fisheries personnel, but
could be checked for on the ground later thin year. The
turtle could also be checked for in season by the Marine'
Fisheries pilot on his daily flights, as "crawls" are
visible from the air.
Although the natural value of any undeveloped barrier
island as wil&life and water fowl habitat, for public shore
access and common open space is high, a number of other
factors need to be considered in deciding.the value of Bird
Island. The vegetation and fauna observed on our visit
are representative of those found on North Carolina's barrier
islands, but no natural features of superior quality or
uniqueness were observed. One detracting aspect is the
island's location close to both North Myrtle Beach and
Sunset Beach. The development on Sunset Beach is easily
vieible..i'rom most points on Bird Island. Water pollution
reaches Bird Island from North Myrtle Beach result in
the marshes behind the island being closed to sheltishing.

HADNOT CREEK FARM • 3223-4 HIGHWAY 58 • SWANSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 28584 • [phone]
COASTAL
APR 1 ?
FEDERATION
April 13, 1992 UV
MEMORANDUM SFCT10i App is *0
1001.
TO NC Division of Coastal Management
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Lyt..p
U.S. EPA
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Marine Fisheries Service
N.C. Division of Environmental Management
N.C. Division of Health Services
N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries
N .C,. Wildlife Resources Commission
N.C. Division of Land Resources
From Cletus A. Waldmiller, President, Sunset Beach
?Taxpayers Association
Todd-Miller, Executive Director, NCCF
Subject Bird Island Development Proposal, Sunset Beach, NC'
The North Carolina Coastal Federation and the Sunset Beach
Taxpayers Association,jointly submit the following comments. in
regard to the application by Janie Pace Price to "replace a
bridge, causeway and water access pier to support future develop-
ment of Bird,,Island."
T'he''configuration of Bird Island, its surrounding marshes,
tidal.creeks and Mad Inlet is changing constantly. The extremely
dynamic nature of'this barrier island, inlet, and estuarine
system..makes a review of this development permit extremely
complex. Pr`'ese`ri,.and future configurations of these natural
systems need to'be considered in order to avoid impediments to
navigation; destruction of habitat for threatened and endangered
species; deterioration of water quality and fisheries; and
.`inconsistencies with the Sunset Beach land use plan. (See Attach-
..'ment A which shows shoreline changes over the last 30 years.)
Another important consideration is that most of the estua-
rine waters and tidal marshes adjacent to Bird Island are desig-
nated as a primary.nursery area (PNA) by the N.C. Division of
Marine Fisheries. (See attachment B.) This appears to includes
the waters where the causeway and bridge are proposed. PNAs are
those areas in the estuarine system where initial post larval
development of finfish and crustaceans takes place.
printed on.Ie YVed p*Ar5
Bird Island Comments
April 13, 1992
Page 2.
It is also important to note that Bird Island is a component
of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act. For this reason, Congress
prohibits the expenditure of any federal funds that would subsi-
dize the development of the island. Questions regarding the
extension of public utilities (water and electricity) if these
systems,.,have received federal assistance must be resolved.
The application contains insufficient information to allow
for adequate evaluation of project impacts. Many of the defi-
ciencies in information have been identified by the NC Division
of Coastal Management (February 12, 1992) and U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (February 7, 1992) letters to the applicant. It is our
understanding that the information requested in these letters has
still not been submitted to the agencies.
Our concerns about the effects of this project on the
coastal environment are explained below:
Application Process
The application as submitted is inaccurate and incomplete.
The following information required by CAMA regulations has not
been supplied:
(1) Scale of Plats (15 NCAC 07J.0203(a)):
CAMA regulations say that a scale of 111=200' or less is
normally required in order that the project detail can
be easily understood.
Deficiencies in Scales:
(1) No scale is shown on General Location Map of Access.
(2) No scale indicated on Adjacent Property Owners Map.
(3) Enlarged Plan of Causeway at a Scale of 111=600!.
Concern about Deficiencies in Scales:
The level of detail provided by these maps makes it'impossi-
ble to fully evaluate this project. It is impossible to
include on these maps all information required under CAMA.'
regulations (See below).
(2) Work Plats (15 NCAC 07J.0203(b)):
Topview or Planview Plats: CAMA regulations require these
drawings to: "show existing and proposed features 'such as
dune systems, shorelines, creeks, marshlands, docks, piers,
bulkheads, excavated areas, fill areas, type and location of
sewage treatment facilities and effluent outlets. Existing
water depths must be indicated using mean low water as base

Bird Island Comments
April 13, 1992
Page 3.
or zero. These can be shown either as contours or spot
elevation. Care should be used in indicating which features
are existing and which are proposed. Property boundaries,
as they appear on the deed, and the names of adjacent prop-
erty owners must be shown on the detailed plat. The work
plat must clearly show any areas to be excavated and exact
locality for disposal of the excavated material. When fill
material is to be placed behind a bulkhead or dike, and the
adequacy of the bulkhead or dike to confine the material.
Drawing must indicate approximate mean low and mean high
water lines and the presence of marsh in the area of pro-
posed work."
Deficiencies in Topview or Planview Plats:
(1) Existing and proposed features not clearly shown.
There will be a lot more filling and rebuilding of
causeway than is indicated in the plats.
(2) Location of sewage treatment systems not shown.
,(3) Existing water depths not shown.
(4) Areas to be excavated not shown.
(5) Amount of fill not shown.
,(6) Mean low and high water lines and the presence of marsh
in the areas of work not clearly shown.
(7), Adequate details on subdivision not shown.
(8). Title blocks do not include scales.
(9) Cross-Section drawings of entire bridge and causeway
showing depth and elevation of proposed work relative.
to existing ground level -- mean low and mean high
water line are not supplied. Typical cross-section
drawings provide too little detail to evaluate impacts
of 'project.
Concerns about-Deficiencies in Plats:
State regulations require all of the above information so
that`the environmental impacts of the project can be thor-
oughly; evaluated. Adjacent riparian property owners have
not been sent a complete application as part of the public
notice procedure containing information required by CAMA
rules.
(3)) Total Project Review (15 NCAC 7J.203(c)):
CAMA rules require submission of the following information
.regarding total project design:
(1 )Detailed information on any development located in or
directly impacting an AEC.
(2) A plat showing the entire tract of land to be developed
and possible access or roadway locations;
Bird Island Comments - ti?
April 13, 1992
Page 4.
(3) Maps or statement concerning the location of wetlands
within the project areas to the extent that .a wetlands
examination has been made by a private consultant or
government agency.
(4) A narrative description of the proposed development
that shall include, at a minimum, the following infor-
mation:
(a) the character of development;
(b) the maximum number of residential living units
that will be permitted;
(c) the maximum acreage that will be utilized for non-
residential purposes;
(d) a general description of any on-site treatment
system;
(e) a statement that access, as required by all land
use regulations, is available through the site to
the AEC without crossing any section 404 wetland
or, if such a crossing is required, a statement
that such a crossing is authorized; and
(f) Any maps or plans that have been prepared to meet
other regulatory requirements such as stormwater
management plans and sedimentation and erosion
control plans.
Deficiencies in Description of Total Project:
(1) There is incomplete information about the total project
(including residential development) to determine what
parts of the project fall into the following Areas of
Environmental Concern: Coastal Wetlands; Estuarine
Waters; Public Trust Areas; Estuarine shoreline; ocean
Erodible Area; High Hazard Flood Area; Inlet Hazard
Area; and Unvegetated Beach Area. These AECs should be
mapped so that appropriate regulations can beyapplied
in each AEC category. Please note that the Sunset
Beach Coastal Area Management Act Land Use Plans states
on pages 17 and 51 that the Ocean Erodible AEC is 440
feet from the first line of stable natural vegetation.
Thus, the Ocean Erodible AEC on Bird Island may encom-
pass the majority of the proposed subdivision (the
scale of the subdivision map in the application makes
this very difficult to determine.)
(2) Section 404 wetlands are not mapped.
(3) The maximum density of development allowed under exist-
ing rules is not provided.
(4) An evaluation plan determining the impact of the pro-
ject on threatened and endangered species is not pro-
vided.
Concerns about Deficiencies in Description of Total Project:
Bird Island Comments
April 13, 1992
Page 5.
Without the information that is required by CAMA regula-
tions, it is impossible to determine the potential effects
of this project if the maximum density of development oc-
curred as would be currently allowed under the law. A
description of the total project is necessary to determine
cumulative impacts and alternatives to the project. It is
impossible from the information provided to determine what
portion of the development is within a CAMA Area of Environ-
mental Concern.
(4) CAMA Application Processing (15 NCAC 7J .0204):
On February 12 CAMA Field Representative E. F. Brooks in-
formed the applicant that more information would be needed,
and therefore her application was not complete. However,
certified.letters with incomplete and inaccurate information
have already been sent to adjacent riparian property owners.
This is inconsistent with NCAC 15 NCAC 7J.0204(5)(A). We
believe that all adjacent riparian landowners have the legal
right to receive a complete application under LAMA rules.
(5) Corps of Engineers' General Permit No. CESAW-C080-N-000-
'0291:
Currently, the Corps of Engineers intends to review this
,.project with a general permit in concert with the Major CAMA
permit review process. This project may not be a candidate
for ,such a General Permit from the Corps of Engineers. In
addition to the significant new filling of coastal wetlands
that:is proposed, a thorough analysis of impacts to freshwa-
ter.wetlands outside the state's jurisdiction needs to be
considered. The N.C. Division of Coastal Management has
requested details on the proposed subdivision of the island.
Roads.to be constructed for the subdivision need to be
evaluated to assure that wetland impacts will be avoided.
Furthermore, the project could effect habitat for endangered
and threaten., species. If it does, the general permit is not
applicable to this project. For this reason, we encourage
the District Engineer of the Corps to require the necessary
investigations to determine if: "Endangered or threatened
species or habitat of such species as determined by the
Secretaries of Interior or Commerce and conserved in accor-
dance with the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531)" will
be adversely impacted by this project.
Finally',-we,believe this project should be reviewed under an
individual 404 permit to provide the public adequate oppor-
tunity`to determine if it is consistent with the 404(b)(1)
guidelines. The State CAMA permit review does not afford
the much broader public interest review outlined in the
404(b)(1) guidelines particularly in cases were freshwater
wetlands outside the CAMA jurisdiction may be impacted.
Bird Island Comments
April 13, 1992
Page 6.
Furthermore, the CAMA permit review process does not.provide
an opportunity for a public hearing before permit issuance.
We request a public hearing be held as part of the 404
permit review for this project.
Potential Violations of State and
Federal Regulations
State Regulations:
In addition to the procedural concerns outlined above, we find
that the project will violate the following CAMA regulations:
(1) Estuarine System Areas of Environmental Concern (AE Cs):
The project will affect the following Estuarine System AECs:
Coastal Wetlands; Estuarine Waters; and Public Trust Areas.
The following use standards will be violated:
(a) Alternatives Analysis (15 NCAC 7H.0208(a)(2)(B): Boat
access to the island presents an alternative to the
causeway and bridge. Given the navigation issues and
migrating character of Mad Inlet, boat access could be
much more compatible with estuarine resources.
(b) Development Shall Not Violate water quality standards
(15 NCAC 7H.0208(a)(2)(C): No stormwater plain has been
presented with the application. There is also no
Sedimentation and Erosions Control Plan. Sewage treat-
ment systems for the residential development have not
been approved.

(c) Development shall not create stagnant water bodies (15
NCAC 7H.0208(a)(2)(F): What is left of the causeway
currently interferes with tidal flows and storm surges.
The existing.causeway has already been overwashed and
breached. Natural tidal flows will be constricted by
the new fill, creating stagnant water bodies,and in-
creasing the flood hazard to adjacent properties.
(Interference with natural circulation of tidal waters"
such as during storm tides is also inconsistent-with,
the Sunset Beach CAMA land use plan.)
(d) Development shall not impede navigation or create undue
interference with access to, or use of, public trust or
estuarine resources (15 NCAC 7H.0208(a)(2)(H) and
Development shall not significantly interfere with
existing public rights of access to, or use of, naviga-
ble waters or public resources (15 NCAC 7H.0209(e)(5)):
Except at low tide, Mad Inlet is used by boaters in-
Bird Island Comments
April 13, 1992
Page 7.
cluding small sailboats and windsurfers. The inlet is
extremely dynamic as indicated by the attached maps
indicating shoreline changes. The present alignment
will impede navigation. Future changes in the shore-
line of Mad Inlet could cause complete impediment of
navigation. (See attached migration maps.)
(f) Boat basins must be aligned or located so as to avoid
primary nursery areas (15 NCAC 7H.0208(4)(b)(1)(A):
The boat basin may be proposed for a primary nursery
area in violation of CAMA rules. (See Attachment B.)
(g);. All spoil material from new construction shall be
confined landward of regularly and irregularly flooded
-coastal wetlands and stabilized to prevent entry of
sediments into adjacent water bodies or marsh (15 NCAC
7H.0208 (4) (b) (1) (B)
Proposed fill for causeway will violate this regula-
tion.
(2) Ocean Hazard Areas of Environmental Concern:
The project will affect the following Ocean Hazard Areas:
Ocean Erodible Area; High Hazard Flood Area; and Inlet
Hazard Area. However, the boundaries of these AECs are not
identified in the application. These boundaries need to be
established to fully implement CAMA regulations. For exam-
ple,,the'100-year storm recession boundary needs to be
established to determine the Ocean Erodible Area AEC. The
Sunset Beach'Land Use Plan states that the Ocean Erodible
AEC in the Town is 440 feet from the first line of stable
vegetation
The project is likely to violate the following Ocean Hazard
Area LAMA rules:
(a) Development shall be set back from the first line of
stable natural vegetation a distance equal to the
setback required in the adjacent ocean hazard area.
(b)' Permanent structures shall be permitted at a density of
no more than one commercial or residential unit per
15,.000 square feet of land area on lots.
(3) Inconsistencies with the Sunset Beach Coastal Area Manage-
ment Act Land Use Plan:
The Sunset Beach Coastal Area Management Act Land Use Plan
(1986) has the following policies that must be considered in
evaluating this project:
Bird Island Comments
April 13, 1992
Page 8.
Page 36: Within the estuarine system,
significantly interfere with
rights or access to, or use
or public resources."
"development does not
existing public
of, navigable waters
"Development does not have a significant adverse
impact on estuarine resources.."
"A substantial chance of pollution occurring from
development does not exist."

Page 36: The land use plan states the public has certain
established rights to certain land and water. areas
including "Mad Inlet." The plan says that.these
areas support recreational uses "such as swimming,
boating, water skiing, and sportsfishing and com-
mercial fishing" and that "...Appropriate uses
include those which protect public rights for
navigation and recreation. Projects which would
directly or indirectly block or impairs existing
navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion,
deposit spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse
water circulation patterns, violate water quality
standards, or cause degradation of shellfish wa-
ters, shall not be allowed. Allowable uses shall
be those which do not cause detriment to,the phys-
ical, chemical or biological functions of public
trust areas."
Page 56: "The "conservation" class provides for effective
long-term management of significant limited or
irreplaceable areas. This management may be need
ed because of its natural, cultural, recreational.,_
productive, or scenic values. This Class should
be limited to lands that contain: major wetlands;
essentially undeveloped shorelands that are
unique, fragile, or hazardous for development;
necessary wildlife habitat or areas that have a
high probability for providing necessary habitat
conditions...."
Inconsistencies Between Proposed Project and Sunset Beach
land. Use Plan:
The policies listed above present a number of inconsisten-
cies with the proposed project. The causeway and bridge are
located within an area classified as "Conservation" in the
land use plan. A major inconsistency with the project
exists in regard to the town's stated intent to protect
public trust rights against "direct" or "indirect:" impacts.
The proposed causeway will cause "adverse circulation pat-
terns" during stormtides. The proposed bridge will. have a

Bird Island Comments
April 13, 1992
Page 9.
"direct" and "indirect" effect on the navigation uses spe-
cifically listed in the land use plan. Any fill below mean
high tide is prohibited by the town's plan. Fill in coastal
wetlands will cause "detriment" to their "physical, chemical
and biologic" functions.
Federal Requirements:
Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, should require avoidance of impacts to waters and
wetlands through the selection of the least damaging, practical
alternative. In addition, the Corps should take appropriate and
practical"steps to minimize impacts on waters and wetlands; it
should,,.evaluate the secondary impacts of the project; and final-
ly, compensate for any remaining unavoidable impacts to the
extent appropriate and practical.
According to the N.C. Natural Heritage Program, the island
provides"some of the'last available undeveloped barrier island
habitat in Brunswick County for endangered and threatened species
including sea turtles and colonial waterbirds (See Attachment C).
,Bird Island is the only undeveloped barrier island in North
Carolina -southof the Cape Fear River. The attached reprints
(See Attachment D) outline many management concerns regarding
maintenance of habitat for nongame birds including the piping
plover. Habitat loss and degradation, disturbance by humans and
domestic animals, and increased predation are important causes of
the current downtrend in the piping plover according to the U.S.
..Fish and Wildlife's Atlantic Coast Piping Plover Recovery Plan.
An analysis of the impact of`this project on threatened and
endangered species should be conducted. This analysis should
include an evaluation not only of the present use of the island
by such species, but its probable use in the future given expect-
ed shoreline changes that will occur as a result of storms and
rising sea levels.
cies.
If endangered or threatened species could potentially reside on
the island, then an assessment of the use of the island by such
species and an evaluation of the impact of development on their
continued use of'the island should also be required by the Corps.
The U.S Fish and Wildlife Service should recommend permit denial
if the project will jeopardize the continued existence of spe-
We believe that development activity (bridge, caus
residential development) could jeopardize the use
by.the threatened and endangered species. The isl
ry in nature. Open beaches, dunes, and shorelines
changing.,`The habitats used by endangered species
allowed to migrate with the island. Migration of
result in lost habitat once you established fixed
,:the island.
eway, and
of the island
and is migrato-
are constantly
need to be
the island will
structures on
Bird Island Comments
April 13, 1992
Page 10.
(I am still waiting on information from the N.C. Natural Heritage
Program to include in this section.)
Request To Be Kept Informed
Please inform us about any changes in the permit applica-
tion, permit decisions or modifications.

Attachment A
Shoreline Changes - Mad Inlet

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CALABASH CREEK
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TNBBS INLET
IITTL Iy?p
RIVER IMLET
INLET ATLANTIC OCEAX
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JUN - 4 19?
John Dorney
Water Quality Section
Div. of Environmental Management
NC Dept. of Environment, Health
PO Box 27611
Dear Sir:
9827 Warwick Circle
Charlotte, NC 28210
May 28, 1992
and Natural Resources
My husband and I have been going to Sunset Beach for 22
years. Four years ago we were finally able to purchase our
own home there on 39th street. A life's dream for us!
Sunset has grown a lot over these past 22 years, but has
still retained it's noncommercial family atmosphere. In
fact, that is why we love it and why renters return year
after year after year! It is different. It is unique. It
is not the grand strand, nor the posh of Hilton Head Island.
It's an island for ordinary folk. Like us.
At night, as you cross over the pontoon bridge to Sunset
Beach, you only have to look to the right and to the left to
see the lights of the encroaching high rises at North Myrtle
'Beach and at Ocean Isle. The high rises mean progress to
some, but disaster to others. It was with dismay that we
discovered a "Wings" in Calabash two summers ago as we came
down to open our home for the summer. It's changed the
entire complexion of a once unique seaport town. It will
never be the same.
,fin light of the sewer study now being done at Sunset Beach,
I.urge you to ask the N.C. state legislature to set in place
a 35 ft, height limit that can only be changed by a
referendum of the taxpayers of Sunset Beach. There is so
much you can do now to prevent the destruction of a truly
unique island. Once gone, it can never be the same.
Previous to moving back to the Carolinas, we lived in a very
unique town in western N.J. called Clinton. It was a
historic town and the whole downtown was a cluster of 20-25
`shops carrying unique items and emanating from the Old Mill
with a waterwheel, which is now an colonial museum, and
across the spillway is the old grist mill, now an art
museum. The town tried with all their might to keep out the
fast food chains and up until three years ago succeeded.
There-already existed several unique and charming eating
establishments. Now that there's a McDonalds the others are
sure to follow. To what end? Obviously it will destroy the
very uniqueness that made a Clinton a desirable place to
live. All for burgers and fries! I truly feel the same
thing might happen to Sunset Beach if the height
restriction is allowed to be changed. We will just become

another extension of N. Myrtle which is an extension of
Myrtle Beach.
People choose to purchase property for the specific location
and the surrounding amenities. People have long been
supporting, through rental revenue, the businesses that have
thrived in our area. We still remain non-commercial; no
water slides, no big motels or high rises, no goofy golf!
Sunset is walks on the beach at sunrise and sunset,
bicycling along the quiet streets and the beach. No bars,
dance joints, or other honky tonk to disturb the wonderful
atmosphere we so much treasure and the tranquil moonlight
'walks along the beach. I'm not against development, just
destruction. Please help us preserve the most beautiful
"family" beach on the North Carolina Coast. I would hate
to'see a:,handful of people who own businesses (realtors,
devalopets and builders) in time destroy what others have
taken.rso long to preserve.
Sincerely,
Laura and Steven Lefevre

Alt-"
MAY 1 3 W2
Barry R Lentz
179 Tradescant Dr
Chapel Hill., NC 27514
Tel: [phone](off)
Roger- Schecter, Director
N.C. Division of Coastal Managemertt
P.O. Box 27611
Raleigh, NC, 27611
Dear Mr. Schecter:
I am writinq you regarding Bird Island on the North Carolina/-
South Carolina boarder, just south of Sunset Beach. This little
isl.And, (ca 60 acres) is currently wild and is habitat to several
species of endangered birds and, reportedly, to a cougar pair.
Iry addition, the bridge needed to link Sunset Beach with Hird
Island would impede navigation and recreation in Mad Inlet
between these two islands. Finally, this area is already overde-
vk,#oped, and development of this :last wild island would add to
t threat to water quality and primary nurserieFi in the area.
Thy"fie is a c;reat deal of inter-t=st in south Brunswick county in
fn C3 nai.rzinq this little barrier island in its riat:ive = tote, free
from trusrtan intrusion. They owner, d`ts. Jane P_ Pra.co of tireens-
boro, -,ias filed for a L: AMA permit and has asked that Suer ,et Beach
zone the island for development. However, Ms_ Price ndicatecl at
a recent Sunset 3each Town Council meeting Lhat she wot i l d enter---
tain an offer to purchase the island by an organization willing
to preser,>e it. I reraliv do think that Bird 1 gland or"se->rsts art
ideal oppAtunity to maintain a small piece of coastal. North
Carolina in":a'wild state, sand I urge you to consider it seriously
as a project"',jor your organ.ization_ Tlrartks for yc:iur attention
and for any h TFr you cart providea in maintairsing this special
little island `as one of the few remaining truly wild re-tuctes in
the harrier islands of North Carolina.
:`sincerely vcrurs,
13ar-ry T?_ Lent;z
J- W:i l lmingtcln office NCI)CM, US Array Corps of engineer En(lineers, US EPA,
t+JC Div L:nvironmental t'fanagerae?rit, Natioiial llaririe !=ishe?ries
Service, US Fu,-ti & Wildlife Sevicc:?, NC Div o Marine I isheriers,
NC Div cif E:zvironmental Management, NC' Shellfish :3ani tatiori
Branch, NC Wild:ii.l=e Resottrse Cornmissiori, NC lair crt Lancl
Resourses, Ms. Minnie Hunt (Sun-set Beach coordinator cat i4*tortsa f
to save Bird island , 919-579 -2124)

HADNOT CREEK FARM • 3223-4 HIGI? R•rIS?? CAROLINA 28584 • [phone]
COASTAL
FEDERATION
SEP ! 4 1992
rvtILANU') 4.
WATER al- Y Sc,
September 9, 1
Roger Schecter, Director
NC Division'of Coastal Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
RE: Major CAMA Permit for Bird Island
Dear Roger:
Attached are two reports that I am submitting for your.
re"view. I ask that they be made part of the permit application
file for the proposed Bird Island project.
The first report was prepared by Dr. John Wells, a geologist
at the UNC-Institute of Marine Sciences in Morehead City. He has
reviewed the permit application and visited Mad Inlet. His
report provides ample evidence that fixed structures, such as
being proposed by this permit application, are inappropriate in
an inlet hazard area. This project will violate the following
CAMA regulations pertaining to Inlet Hazard Areas:
(1) All development in the inlet hazard area shall be set back
from the first line of stable natural vegetation a distance
equal to the setback required in the adjacent ocean hazard
area. (7H.0310(1)) This development clearly violates this
rule.
(2)' Only residential structures of four units or less or non-
residential structures of less than 5,000 square feet total
/floor, area shall be allowed within the inlet hazard zone.
(7H .0310(2)) The development exceeds 5,000 square feet.
(3)' Established common-law and statutory public rights of access
to the public trust lands and waters in inlet hazard areas
shall not be eliminated or restricted. Development shall
not encroach upon public accessways nor shall it limit the
intended use of the accessways. (7H.0310(4)) The causeway
and bridges will restrict public rights of access.
(4) Shoreline stabilization structures shall be permitted only
as a part of a publicly supported project. (7H.0310(5))
This private development involves extensive stabilization
measures within the inlet hazard zone.

4
The second attachment is a map that was prepared for the
Town of Sunset Beach by Rob Moul. I understand that Rob's report
has been given to your office and was sent to the Corps of
Engineers. We request that his report be made part of the permit
file, and that all review agencies be given the opportunity to
examine it. His "Landuse Restriction Map" indicates that the
vast majority of Bird Island is wetlands. The proposed roadway
would involve extensive filling of these wetlands. The map in
the permit application, which shows the proposed subdivision on
the island, places most of the lots almost entirely within 404
wetlands. Many of the oceanfront lots would be unbuildable due
to the CAMA ocean hazard setback and local zoning requirements.
Since this permit is being processed jointly with the Corps of
engineers, it is vital that you conduct a total development
review of this permit application for consistency with both state
and federal development regulations.
Thank you for considering these comments. Please contact us
immediately if you accept any permit application modifications,
or a permit decision is made. We also request that a second
public notice be issued if any significant modifications to the
permit application are made.
Sincerely,
Todd Miller
Executive Director
Attachments`
cc: Regulatory Agencies
Interested Citizens and Press
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THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
AT
CHAPEL HILL
Institute of Marine Sciences
919/726-6841
FAX: [phone]
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
3431 Arendell Street
Morehead City, North Carolina 28557
TO: Todd Miller ?V
FROM: John T. Wells
DATE: September 5, 1992
SUBJECT: Janie Price Bridge/Causeway Application
I have reviewed the application and visited the f ield site
for the proposed bridge and causeway construction across Mad
Inlet between Sunset Beach and Bird Island, North Carolina. My
comments below are directed towards inlet dynamics, possible
project impacts, and engineering considerations.
1. Tidal inlets are without question the most dynamic of all
coastal environments. They are subject to episodic changes in
channel location, orientation, size, configuration, and sediment
transport dynamics. Even a casual examination of virtually any of
North Carolina's unstabilized inlets, perhaps most notably Oregon
Inlet, bears witness to this fact. Although there are many
differences between Oregon Inlet and Mad Inlet, Oregon Inlet
nevertheless serves as a good reminder of the types of problems
encountered when bridges and causeways are built across unstable
bodies of tidal waters.
2. Given the unstable nature of tidal inlets, any effort to
bridge Mad Inlet from Sunset Beach to Bird Island will involve a
substantial amount of engineering and construction work. This is
not a trivial project and the construction itself will be
environmentally damaging. Over one mile of combined bridge and
causeway construction (5,440 ft) will be required which by any
point of reference would he considered highly disruptive given
the small planned number of estate lots (15). In areas where the
causeway will form a barrier to north-south flow, it is likely
that the natural hydrologic patterns in the adjacent wetlands
will be disrupted.
3. The location of the channel at the time of construction will
not be the channel location in one year, or five years, or ten
years. Design for a bridge will require sufficient flexibility in
terms of inlet location and configuration to allow for this
movement. Aerial photographs show that between 1956 and 1961 Mad
Inlet shifted several hundred feet to the west, and by 1974, had
completely changed orientation along the lower part of its
course, and shifted another 1000 feet or so farther west.
1

Aerial photographs (1949,1956,1966,1969,1972,1977) further
show that the inlet typically has an "S" shaped configuration and
a cross-sectional area that varies greatly between high tide and
low tide. The pattern of inlet migration is to the west over a
period of years, followed by episodic movement back to the east,
most likely from breakthroughs during storms. One significant
aspect of inlet dynamics is that the northern zone of overwash
and active inlet processes, including channel migration, is
farther inland than the proposed bridge and causeway system. The
ocean today is considerably closer to the proposed
bridge/causeway system than it was when the original access was
constructed in the early 1960s. I believe that, if private access
across Mad Inlet is constructed, then the state ultimately will
be faced with subsequent requests for structures such as jetties,
bulkheads, or revetments for stabilization purposes, justified in
part by the,enormous amount of money that will already have been
spent for the bridge and causeway construction.
Further, it is important to recognize that the bridge and
causeway are but one part of a development package. Because of
the disruption during construction and the potential need for
subsequent stabilization or repair, it may be necessary to
consider a much broader range of impacts than those from the
bridge and causeway alone.. It is critical to consider nothing
less than the impacts for the entire project when reviewing the
permit.
4. Finally, it is important for any bridge to be able to
withstand hurricane force conditions. Otherwise, the property
owners could face the scenario of having to rebuild. Most
meteorologists believe that frequency of severe hurricanes will
increase as drought conditions in west Africa lessen. An article
as recently as last Sunday (August 30) in the News and Observer
summarized quite well the current scientific evidence and
concerns. North Carolina, as well as the entire east coast, has
been largely spared major hurricane damage during the last few
decades. That almost certainly will change.
In summary, I consider this project to be extremely disruptive
for the small stated number of lots to be developed. It is a
project where fixed structures will be put. in a dynamic coastal
barrier system that is not fixed in time or space. Finally, it is
a project where secondary impacts, such as effect on wetlands
hydrology, can be expected.
2

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DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
MEMORANDUM
0W s
Date: April 1, 1992
APR - 3W2
To: John Dorney JL4
Planning Branch
WETLANDS GROUP
From: James H. Gregson WATER UAUTYSECTION
-??
Wilmington Regional Office
Through: Dave Adkins
Wilmington Regional Office
Subject: Regional Office Review and Recommendations
Application for Permit for Excavation and/or Fill
Central Office Permit #92081
Janie Pace Price
Brunswick County
This Office will provide final comments upon submittal of a
Bio.-report by the Division of Coastal Management.
JHG:92081.Apr
cc: Wilmington Regional Office Files
Central Files
M, 4

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY r ;
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
Regulatory Branch
IN REPLY REFER TO
February 7, 1992
April 7, 1992
M
Action ID. 199201050
Mr. John Dorney
Water Quality Section
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Dorney:
F??,1b??2
?lannin? 6ranc.4,
Enclosed is the application of Ms. Janie Pace Price, for Department of the
Army authorization and a State Water Quality Certification to replace a
bridge, causeway and access pier spanning waters adjacent to Mad Inlet, the
Atlantic Ocean, Bird Island, Sunset Beach, Brunswick County, North Carolina.
Your receipt of this letter verifies your acceptance of a valid request for
certification in accordance with Section 325.2(b)(ii) of our administrative
regulations.
We are considering authorizing the proposed activity pursuant to Section.
404 of the Clean Water Act, and we have determined that a water quality
certification: may be required under the provisions of Section 401 of the same
law. A Department of the Army permit will not be granted until the
certification has been obtained or waived.
In accordance with our administrative regulations, 60 days after receipt
of a request fok:certification is a reasonable time for State action.
Therefore, if you;',have not acted on the request by April 7, 1992, the District
Engineer will deer that waiver has occurred.
Questions or comments may be addressed to Mr. Rudy Schiener, Wilmington
Field Office, Regulatory Branch, telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
6i])?w
ne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch

W
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECTS
. BOX 422 ?992,??o So
WILMINGTON. N. C. 28402
jRr-j
E:? VE'D
FE3 1092
REGUTATORY BRANNCM
January 30, 1992
District Engineer
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
P. 0. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
Re: Proposed Replacement of
Bridge and Causeway
Bird Island, North Carolina
Dear Sir:
It is requested that a permit to allow replacement of a bridge and
causeway system which will facilitate access to Bird Island be issued in
accordance with the attached permit application and sketches.
A complete application package is also being submitted to the Wil-
mington office of the Division of Coastal Management, N.C. DEpartment of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please
contact me. Your prompt attention to this request will be sincerely ap-
preciated.
Sincerely yours,
?ohn R. Oxenfeld, A.I.A.
\,./Architect/Agent for
Janie Pace Price.'
Enc.
cc: Division of Coastal Management (Wilmington)
l
$ 41)
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECTS
BOX 42'2
WILMINGTON, N. C. 28402
January 30, 1992
Division of Coastal Management
N. C. Dept. of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
Re: Proposed Replacement of
Bridge and Causeway
Bird Island, North Carolina
Gentlemen:
It is requested that actions be initiated that will facilitate is-
suance of a permit in accordance with the attached permit application
and sketches. The proposed project consists of replacement of bridges
and causeway.to allow access to Bird Island.
A complete application package is also being submitted to the Wil-
mington District, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please
contact me. Your prompt attention to this request will be sincerely ap-
preciated.
Sincerely yours,
John R. Oxenfeld, A.I.A.
Architect/Agent for
Janie Pace Price
Enc.
cc: USAED/Wilmington
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Please type or print. Carefully describe all anticipated
development activities, including construction, excava-
tion, filling, paving, land clearing, and stormwater con-
trol. If the requested information is not relevant to your
project, write N/A (not applicable). Items 1-4 and 8-9
must be completed for all projects.
1 APPLICANT
a. Name JAN I E PACE PRICE
Address 1801 CARLISLE ROAD
City GREENSBORO State N. C.
Zip 27408 Day phone [phone]
Landowner or Authorized agent
b. Project name (if any) BIRD ISLAND BRIDGE AND
CAUSEWAY REPLACEMENT
zzi
RECUI ntnn„
If you plan to build a marina, also complete and
attach Form DCM-MP-2.
b. Is the proposed activity maintenance of an
existing project, new work, or both?
REPLACEMENT OF A BRIDGE AND CAUSEWAY
c. Will the project be for community, private, or
commercial use?
PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT
d. Describe the planned use of the project.
ACCESS TO BIRD ISLAND
4 LAND AND WATER
c. If the applicant is not the landowner, also give the CHARACTERISTICS
owner's name and address. LAND: 85-ACRES; MARSH: 1,100 ACRES
*AUTHORIZED AGENT'S: ' - ° . - - a. Size of entire tract SPO I L: 15 ACRES TOTAL: 1 , 200 ACRES
• HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES, !NC.
_805 NORTH THIRD STREET, WILMINGTON, NC 28401 b.
CHARLES E. DAVIS,.•P. E. (919/763-O141).:__,__
-OR
C.
JOHN R. OXENFELD A1A, ARCHITECT
P. 0. BOX 422, WILMINGTON NC 28402
2 LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT d.
Size of individual lot(s) N/A
Elevation of tract above mean sea level or
National Geodetic Vertical Datum
VARIABLE- 3.2' TO 24.4' MLW
Soil type(s) and texture(s) of tract BOH I CKET S 1 LTY CLAY
LOAM NEWHAN FINE SAND NEWHAN FINE SAND DREDGED
a. Street address or secondary road number
BIRD ISLAND NORTH CAROLINA e. Vegetation on tract PINES, CEDARS, WAX MYRTLES,
YAUPON AND OTHER TYPICAL COASTAL SHRUBS AND PLANTS
b. City, town, community, or landmark
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH f. Man-made features now on tract RAILROAD BED, REMNANTS
OF OLD PIER
c. County BRUNSWICK g. What is the CA1MA Land Use Plan Classification of
the site? (Consult the local land use plan.)
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
jurisdiction? YES
e. Name of body of water nearest project
ATLANTIC OCEAN
3 DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
a. Describe all development activities you propose (for
example, building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead,
or pier). REPLACEMENT OF A BRIDGE, CAUSEWAY AND
WATER ACCESS PIER TO SUPPORT FUTURE RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT OF BIRD ISLAND.
X Conservation Transitional
Developed Community
Rural Other
h. How is the tract zoned by local government?
NnT 7mrn
i. How are adjacent waters classified?
SA, SB
j. Has a professional archaeological survey been
carried out for the tract? No If so, by whom?

5 UPLAND DEVELOPMENT
Complete this section if the project includes any land
development. NOT APPLICABLE
a. Type and number of buildings, facilities, or
structures proposed
b. Number of lots or parcels
c. Density (Give the number of residential units and the
units per acre.)
d. Size of area to be graded or disturbed
e. If the proposed project will disturb more than one
acre of land, the Division of Land Resources must
receive an erosion and sedimentation control plan at
least 30 days before land disturbing activity begins.
If applicable, has a sedimentation and erosion
control plan been submitted to the Division of Land
Resources?
f. Give the percentage of the tract within 75 feet of
mean high water to be covered by impermeable
surfaces, such as pavement, buildings, rooftops.
g. List the materials, such as marl, paver stone, asphalt,
or concrete, to be used for paved surfaces.
h. If applicable, has a stormwater management plan
been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Management?
i. Describe proposed sewage disposal and/or waste
water treatment facilities.
j. Have these facilities received state or local approval?
k. Describe existing treatment facilities.
m. Water supply source
n. If the project is oceanfront development, describe
the steps that will be taken to maintain established
public beach accessways or provide new access.
o. If the project is on the oceanfront, what will be the
elevation above mean sea level of the first habitable
floor?
6 EXCAVATION AND FILL
INFORMATION
a. Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation
or fill activities (excluding bulkheads, which are
covered in Section 7). NONE PLANNED
Access channel
QvILW) or (NWL)
Boat basin
Other (break-
water, pier,
boat ramp,
rock jetty)
Fill placed in
wetland or below
MHW
Upland fill
areas
Length Width Depth
b. Amount of material to be excavated from below
water level in cubic yards NONE
c. Type of material
N/A
d. Does the area to be excavated include marshland,
1. Describe location and type of discharges to waters of swamps, or other wetlands?
0 N/A
the state (for example, surface runoff sanitary
wastewater, industrial/commercial effluent, "wash
down").
e. High ground excavation, in cubic yards
NONE
tom. •
f. Dimensions of spoil disposal area
N/A
a. Location of spoil disposal area
N/A
h. Do you claim title to the disposal area? N/A
If not, attach a letter granting permission from the
owner.
i. Will a disposal area be available for future
maintenance? N/A
If so, where? N/A
j. Does the disposal area include any marshland,
swamps, or water areas?
N/A _
k. Will the fill material be placed below mean high
water? SMALL AMOUNT OF CLEAN STONE RIP RAP AT
BRIDGE ABUTMENTS (SEE SKETCH)
1. Amount of fill in cubic yards ±230
m. Type of fill material
STONE RIP RAP
n. Source of fill material
APPROVED QUARRY SOURCE
o. Will fill material be placed on marsh or other
wedands? NO, ON OLD CAUSEWAY BED
p. Dimensions of the wetland to be filled
N/A
q. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site
and erosion controlled?
GRASSING AND PLANTING; TEMPORARY SILT BARRIERS
ALONG EDGES
r. What type of construction equipment will be used
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic
dredge)? PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT, BACKHOE,
MOTOR GRADER
s. Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment
to project site? NO If yes, explain steps that will
be taken to lessen environmental impacts.
CONSTRUCTION ACCESS WILL BE MADE FROM THE OLD
CAUSEWAY FOR DRIVING PILES FOR THE BRIDGE REPLACE-
MENT
7 SHORELINE STABILIZATION
a. Length of bulkhead or riprap
N/A
b. Average distance waterward of mean high water or
normal water level N/A
c. Shoreline erosion during preceding 12 months, in
feet N/A
d. Type of bulkhead material
N/A
e. Amount of fill, in cubic yards, to be placed below
mean high water N/A
f. Type of fill material N/A
8 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
In addition to the completed application form, the follow-
ing items must be submitted:
A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other
instrument under which the applicant claims title to the
affected property. If the applicant is not claiming to be
the owner of said property, then forward a copy of the
deed or other instrument under which the owner claims
title, plus written permission from the owner to carry out
the project.
An accurate.work plat (including plan view and cross
sectional drawings) drawn to scale in black ink on an 8
1/2 x 11 white paper. (Refer to Coastal Resources
Commission Rule 710203 for a detailed description.)
Please note that original drawings are preferred and
only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue-line
prints or other larger plats are acceptable only if 16 high
quality copies are provided by applicant. (Contact the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding that agency's
use of larger drawings.) A site or location map is a part
of plat requirements and it must be sufficiently detailed
to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the
site. Include county road (SR) numbers, landmarks, and
the like.
A stormwater management plan, if applicable, that
may have been developed in consultation with the
Division of Environmental Management.
A list of the names and complete addresses of the ad-
jacent waterfront (riparian) landowners. These in-
dividuals have 30 days in which to submit comments on
the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Manage-
ment and should be advised by the applicant of that op-
portunity.
Name
Address
SEE ATTACHED LIST
NORTH
Name
Address
EAST
Name
Address
A list of previous state or federal permits issued for
work on the project tract. Include permit numbers,
permittee, and issuing dates.
$250
A check for WOO made payable to the Department of
Natural Resources and Community Development to
cover the costs of processing the application. . .
A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront
and inlet areas.
A statement on the use of public funds. If the project
involves the expenditure of public funds, attach a state-
ment documenting compliance with the North Carolina
Environmental Policy Act (N. C.G.S. 113 A-1 to 10).
9 CERTIFICATION AND PERMISSION
TO ENTER ON LAND
Any permit issued in response to this application will
allow only the development described in the application.
The project will be subject to conditions and restrictions
contained in the permit.
I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the proposed
activity complies with the State of North Carolina's ap-
proved Coastal Management Program and will be con-
ducted in a manner consistent with such program.
I further certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in
fact, grant permission to representatives of state and
federal review agencies to enter on the aforementioned
lands in connection with evaluating information related
to this permit application and follow-up monitoring, of
project.
This is?the day o`f °?-
x ?`--
Landowner or Authorized agent
L/

0 5 7 7 0 5 4 FtlEO frr rrn31t;A1!QN
OR AUG -6 M 41 10
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::seta. Ton I Rrowdine Ttmr. 11ima nut Piee
• Tax Lot No. _ Parcel Identifier N...
Verided by ....... County on the day of
by
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? G. Marlin Evans, Post Office Box 989, Greensboro, North
a!l efts. t+eeordint; to
Carolina, 27402
............ ..
This instrument was prepared by G. Marlin Evans, Attorney at Law
Sriej description for the Index
NORTH CAROLINA GEN L-RAL WARRA`TY DEED
THIS Auqust by and between *- z
THIS DEED made this day of
- GRANTOR, fair A t u.
Ralph C. Price Janie Pace Price
`1801 Carlisle Road 1801 Carlisle Road
Greensboro, N. C. 27408 Greensboro, N. C. 27408 Wit....
_ - s y - - _
- t{arsr In aeoArtate Nede tar amrft path are. 24drevm? see. t1 aepeerlaty. eNeraeter ed eaurT. t.? cervwattw or pulaees•1a.
The desitnatioo Grantor and Grantee as used herein shall include said parties. heir heir+, sucem-o s. and assigns. and
shall isiciw a sis"lar, plural, masculine, feminine or neuter as required by context.
VIT"E83ETH. that the Grantor. for a valuable consideration paid by the Grantee. the receipt of which is hereby
a , acknowledged. has and by these presenu does tram, bargain, sell and convey untu thr Grantee in fee simple, all that
certain lot or parcel of Land situated in the City of Shallotte Tu.rnahip.
Brunswick County. North Carolina and more particularly desrribed as full.-Ws:
All that certain tract or parcel of land described in the deed dated
February 8, 1953, from Donald V. Richardson and wife, Margaret Richardson,
which is recorded in Book 107, Page 301, Brunswick County Registry.
The above-described property is intended to include all property owned by
the Grantor and referred to as the -Bird Island Property,' including any
property acquired by accretion.
This conveyance is made pursuant to C.S. 539-13.3(a) and is intended to
vest title to the above-described property in the Grantee alone.
>n
?. x
The property hereinabuve described was acquired by Grantor by instrument recorded In Book 107, Page 201
A map %howiter the above described property is recorded in Plut 11twk pace
TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the aforesaid lot or parcel of land alld all prlvi:.tics and appurtenances therettl belonging to
the Grantee in fee simple.
And the Crantor covenants with the Grantee, that Grantor is seized of the premises in tee simple. has the right to convey
the same In fee simple. that title in marketable and free and clear of all encumbranere. and that Crsntar will warrant and
defend the title acainst the lawful claims of all perseons whromso.ever except for the rxeeptions hr•reinufter slated.
Tltlo to the property hereinabuve desenbed is subject to the fuUowintr exceptions:
All easements. restrictions and rights of way of record.
?• tie' teaT!Itaa 1e.C>tOI. VV G.eYw tor. Mwa. +.l 1fA aa.e-a" vas. w :t ra ~aw. le" r-d tart arnosrrea to be a.e.e In to
+.ewvor/ caw M W err s.aa..e.e dtw.rs as a r. MV Y be seams. aata r Its a".Yrr) d we a..er•d aan.t.rr tv Yv aM 7ear nets
:iseau.
- aa...-f 110.11,--- ...... .........a......- ........ ---•--• 3 RaiiCe?`???_ .-----• ------
r.
taTSSSS:• -- i . ........... ........................ _....-'.----w-tsud ..
- ----------- ------------ -_-_-___--._..?_..__•_.•___
..-.......... .......arrows tt..o.rsr sow .. i .. _ .. - .__ __.-_lasr.v -
... __ .. ....................
Guilford _
ssrassrnass - •- tom Ral{?ts• C. Price ...............
r. a 7tsastr resew .r wo f.?s7 A" iaae 'at..eaa? ,.wr. -- ..
BOtiALD P. JOHKS?:I -.?...-. »-•_--.:. ` ;.._.: r .._ ?" s,.a•_a..?.:.»_; _-°---. °•`!!'!_
?a NOTARY Nt.:.iC ..ft wo, ae.rY...... sa seat sae aaewalrs.e ta..anrtr d ta. itemc . C Iran..-.. wW? 111111
.4.
I CORD CGLMITY. 94 be" a.e awns tu.oe in, ,..a sr ?i ..__. ri •r _ AugLlat 9A19A4.
a..rtl•• 6a.a f•., lL not ri .?....? ....r..• :_..La 1/.: J.f... - ` - .. _ ?is...l.? ? - .- !t..a.7 N,.r. --
ssaa.ee at. nom CAt*LAXA.
L at !color t7.aata d ue l:e.a? and sire a.r.aa.i. w"Arr usa ...- .............f...-.._----------•
jj p.a...ele eats. r«.e r t.. p a.r a.r...r..Ia a a" ---- r V ----- ---------- ----------- 3..r.aa07 it
lw.e.•-i rar.a.an w see r r. eaaYr h i• _____....__--.
• i... are as ttet am .• 0e aYp.rsa- e. an
= P7..aereL area.. .r• A. aane.oae a." a.e .0r"" N ... ... a. a.. --------- ---......... a..r.oer.
tcarw..or syas acs •'^---• .:.ao.......+, taas aar ai ----------- .....-..•.--- ------
e..e..•e crrare...a.a 4" #a? .1d..? 77ohason.._.Dfota= Public ...................................
•_•_-__-• ........ ... ....... ... •.??- Irar.r- .N iJar t.?..Y.r.r aa•La. 4.Y W 1..a. ..? r IaM a- a.d rrs..a..- .r tae
r rat. ?': b'e tat Y rte.^w: TL. •w.r.r.4 L
• d>zd this th day of August 1984 at 4:10 P.M.
----------- aaa»s=a or tiKtas ran....... SRURSrfICX... ...... cot:..V"
ae•............__....... manna... 4Princ...I.... ........... s.,eo welsssse7t.+a.a... d oww
R
ADJACENT
TO ISLAND
South
ATLANTIC OCEAN
West
WALTER M. STANALAND ESTATE, INC.
Route 7, Box 294
Shallotte, NC 28459
North
MYRDITH MCGLATHERY
Real Estate Officer
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
P. 0. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
East
MANNON C. GORE
c/o Sunset Beach & Twin Lakes
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
RIPARIAN LANDOWNERS
TO 40TH STREET LOT
North
RICHARD D. & GWENDOLYN T. TUCHEK
186 Cantiberry Drive
Salisbury, NC 28144
JOHN M. & SHIRLEY SIMPSON
Route 2, Box 61B
Indian Trail, NC 28079
SAMUEL W., II & SOPHIE ANDREWS
1405 Inlet Drive
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
THOMAS H. UNDERWOOD, JR., ET UX
3911 Brixton Lane
Durham, NC 27707
RICHARD & ELINOR ELLIS
P. 0. Box 64
Changewater, NJ 07831
FLOYD E., JR. & MARGARET WILLIAMS
501 Black Horse Run
Fort Mill, SC 29715
H. MICHAEL BRAZEAL
1413 Inlet Street
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
ROBERT THOMAS, ET UX
Route 1, Box 12A
Ridgeway, SC 29130
F. ROY THIGPEN
P. 0. Box 809
Whiteville, NC 28472
South
ROBERT M. DOSTER
Brook Drive
Lancaster, SC 29720
East
SUNSET BEACH & TWIN LAKES
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
40th Street
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
t
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aynle I Scotts Hill
11 6 t._ ..x_818 _ _ _ _ _ ? 74 «l a Acme \\\ 9 51.4;1 Udc 4Z??
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Irendon 701 ( r _ 6 Cosamo Wril
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)9 J Sidney Band / d Town Cie 0 Mernwlal 421 5 Masonbr.
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Nakina ^ l 9 33 --
.2 Iron Hill 17 87 I 20 c
e6 *`?' ypa 13 S' Bughill B R U N S M/ 6 Orion IomKi Carolina Bea
lah i ? dens a Seabreeze
Ash I Bolivia Orto `an- 1 (teq =pi Beach Acc
on Corol,na on BeocO St. 1
v 'yC ' + 10 kt 11 p Carolina Beach
6
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d o \ •? • Pireway 130 Supply +C? spring Lakes -SUNNY PLEASURE ISLAND
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a ?IARMY
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87 Regional Beach Access
7 Ito 2
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g ; `?? Grissettown 17 130 Sunset 5 1 2 ipv. s uc Fun r
Longs 7 Harbor - 133 21 0r a
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,• easid 904 Holden ?o? Lon Yaupon
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oij w,a P
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Myrtle Beac
Nixonville O herry Gro Beach err
a cean Drive Be (? ?.
Crescent Beach °81 R D ''[S L
PROPOSED"PROJECT
17 Siff E?
'Myrtle Beach
VICINITY MAP
s50a e : III= ID mluas
W.C: OFFIC&L 14IClHwsY MAP 141010
ECIE ELO CE'?l\
CARP .
REGIST D ?.SS ?
AR l C SEAL l
2681
CAROUNA t? kDNE?Q`
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BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, N. C.
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITEC
MIW?11484670". ". C. 24402
® HENRY VON OESEN 8 ASSOCIATES
CONSUITINC EWWNEERS a PLANNERs
MILMINS'TON, NORTH CAROLINA 204M
PROJ=9118 DATE:I-31-921 I OF 10
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BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
- FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
r BIRD ISLAND, N. C.
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECTI
I M. C. 2"02
HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
4= l -0 CONSULTING ENME"S a PLANNERS
_ WILMINGTON, NORTH CAIIOLINA 28402
PROJ:9118 DATE=1-31-,12 S Of 10
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BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
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BIRD ISLAND, N. C.
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECTI
E WItJwINOTON, K G ii??i
® HENRY VON OESEN G ASSOCIATES
CONSUSN4 ENGWEERS a PLANNERS
MILNINOTON, NORTN CAROLINA 214M
PROJ19118 DATE11-31-,12 GOF 10
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FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, N. C.
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
w/LMIN6TON, N. G 2??02
® HENRY VON OESEN s ASSOCIATES
CONSL41WO ENONEERS d PLANNERS
MILMINSTON. MONTH CAQOLINA 20402
PROD=9118 DATE:1-5I-612 &OF 10
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O F I BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
9 F I 1 FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, N. C.
1?/ 'I/ f'1 1/'' G U I//1? 1V?/71I 12? JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECTI
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HENRY VON OESEN 9 ASSOCIATES
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• WILYINYTON, N011TN CAMXIXA 20402
iPRO.J,91181 DATE: 10 OF ICI
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO
February 7,

Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199201050
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Road
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408
Dear Ms. Price:

sue., ?,
On February 11, 1991, we renewed general permit No. CESAW-CO80-N-000-0291
(copy enclosed), which provides Federal authorization for construction
activities that receive authorization from the State of North Carolina.
A review of your application received February 3, 1992, for Department of
the. authorization to replace a bridge, causeway and access pier spanning
wa ers a 'acent to Mad Inlet, the Atlantic Ocean, Bird Island, Sunset Beach,
Brunswic County, North Carolina, indicates it to be a candidate for Federal
thor' ation under this general permit. Accordingly, the administrative
processing of. your application will be accomplished by the North Carolina
Division of Coastal Management. Comments from Federal review agencies will be
furnished to the State.
If your application must be withdrawn from this general permit process for
any reason, you will be informed regarding its further management. If there
are no unresolved differences in State-Federal positions or policies, the
final action taken on your application by the State will result in your
receiving written notice from us that your application is consistent with the
general permit and you may commence your activity. Only after receiving such
confirmation should you begin work.
Your application, pursuant to Section 10 of the River and Harbor Act and
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, has been assigned Action ID No. 199201050
and will be coordinated by Mr. Rudy Schiener, Wilmington Field Office,
Regulatory Branch. He is available at telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch
4 40
-2-
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and.
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. John Dorney
Water Quality Section
Division of Environmental
Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Ms. L. K. (Mike) Gantt
U.'S. Fish and Wildlife Service
-Fish and Wildlife Enhancement
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
Mr. Larry Hardy
National Marine Fisheries Service
Habitat Conservation Division
Pivers Island
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
US. Environmental Protection
Agency - Region IV
Wetlands Regulatory Unit
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
.`Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Mr-. James Herstine
Wilmington Regional Office
North Carolina Division of
Coastal Management
`127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845
Mr. John R. Oxenfeld
Box 422
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890 E C E 1 7---
IN REPLY REFER TO March 25, 1992 MAR 27 1992
Regulatory Branch 117ilill;FV?kon Meforiai wacd
MNI
Action ID. 199201050
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801-Carlisle Road
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408
Dear Ms. Price:
On February 26, 1992, your agent, Mr. Charles E. Davis, Henry Jon Cesen &
Associates, met with Messrs. Rudolf Schiener and Ernest Jahnke of my staff to
determine Corps of Engineers' regulatory jurisdiction concerning your proposal
to construct an access bridge and road causeway for purposes of residential
development on your Bird Island property adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean west
of Mad Inlet and Sunset Beach, Brunswick County, North Carolina. Also present
,were Messrs. James Herstine, Ed Brook, and Bob Stroud, North Carolina Division
of Coastal Management (CAMA).
As explained, details of the access bridge/causeway will be submitted for
.,permit review to LAMA. If the work will entail discharges of fill material
into daily or irregularly flooded tidal or other wetlands, prior authorization
must'be received by Department of the Army (DA) permit under Section 10 of the
River and Harbors Act and/or Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. An
application would be processed jointly under the Corps/CAMA General Permit
(No. SAWC080-N-000-0291, copy enclosed).
The field survey revealed that an estimated 400 to 500 feet of the old
fill causeway has eroded to the extent that wetland hydrology and vegetation
are' present. Refilling the area, or other undisturbed tidal wetlands, to
accommodate the new access road will need Federal authorization. Given the
non-water dependency aspects of such work and the viable alternative of
bridging all wetlands, a favorable review for work of this nature is not
-anticipated.
All bridge structures will be processed under Section 9 of the River and
Harbors Act. This permit review will be undertaken by the United States Coast
Guard (address below). A copy of the plans with a request for their review
should-be forwarded to them. when you are ready to proceed. You may wish to
call"them for additional application information at telephone [phone].
You intend to submit the development details in two parts: The first
phase will consist of the proposed bridge and causeway. If approval is
obtained, final plans of the second phase will be submitted detailing the
residential construction, boat dock and slips, and other amenities for permit
review.
.. ,v
-2-
We understand that Mr. Davis is in contact with the CAMA office working
out the details of your application. Duplicate documents should be submitted
to this office for our jurisdiction determination.
If you have questions of if we can be of further assistance please contact
Mr. Rudolf Schiener at telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
Enclosure
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch
Mr. Charles E. Davis State Property Office
Henry von Oesen & Associates North Carolina Department of
Post Office Box 2087 Administration
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402 116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Mr. Larry Hardy
National Marine Fisheries Service
Habitat Conservation Division
Pivers Island
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
Ms. L.K. (Mike) Gantt
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Fish and Wildlife Enhancement
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
Mr. Lee Pelej
Wetlands Regulatory Section Mr. Jim Gregson
Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds Branch Division of Environmental Management
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency NCDHENR
345 Courtland Street 127 Cardinal Drive
Atlanta, Georgia 30365 Wilmington, North Carolina 28405
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
NCDHENR
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Ms. Carol Miller
North Carolina Division of
Land Quality
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405
Mr. Ed Brooks
North Carolina Division of
Coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extended
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405
r, DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAur:MEur
FIELD INVESTIGATION REPORT
i 31992
1. Applicants name
2. Location of project site
PHOTO INDX: 1989: _193-3,4,5,6 1984: Partial 7
tool ACENA1
STATE PLANE COORDINATES: X: Not Available Y: Jut 9 TV
IN T
3. Investigation type: Dredge & Fill X _ CAMA X
-
4. Investigative procedure: (A) Dates of site visit 22-1892 5-1s
(B) was applicant present s y
5. Processing procedure: Application received June 22,1992 Office Wi.RO
6. Site description:
(B) AEC(s) involved:
(C) Water dependent:
(D) Intended use:
(A) Local Land Use Plan Sunset Beach
• Land Classification from LUP Conservation
Ocean Hazard X
Coastal wetlands X
Estuarine Waters XX
Estuarine Shoreline X
Public Trust Waters X
Other
Yes X No Other
Public Private X Commercial
A -
(E) Type of waste water treatment: Existing None
Planned Individual septic tank systems
(F) Type of structures: Existing None (Remnants of old pier causeway, and bridge
Planned 15 single-family residences, community pier, causeway road, 3 bridges
(G) Estimated annual rate of erosion 2 ft/yr Source DCM-Estimated Long
Term Annual Erosion
Rate Maps P. 1 of 14
7. Habitat description: AREA
Dredged Filled Other
(A) Vegetated wetlands:
.23 acres
2400' x 16' Bridge
(B) Non-vegetated wetlands: coverage
.88 acres
(C) Other:
Highground Causeway
4.O acres
(D) Total Area Disturbed: 4.23 acres .88 acres
(E) PRIMARY NURSERY AREA: YES _ X NO
(F) WATER CLASSIFICATION: SB SA OPEN: YES NO X
8: Project Summary The applicants propose the construction of three bridges (totaling
2300 LF) and road construction (totaling 3770 LF) to access Bird Island from
Sunset Beach.
.? .i PSI' DESCRIPTION
Bird Island is a small undeveloped barrier island located in the southwest
corner of Brunswick County west of Sunset Beach, between Mad Inlet and South
Carolina's, Little River Inlet. The application lists 1200 acres for the area
of the entire tract. However, consulting with representatives of the North
Carolina Attorney General's Office which is currently reviewing the submerged
land claim for the property, indicates that it is unlikely that property below
the MW contour would be considered under private ownership. The high ground
area of the island is approximately eighty-five (85) acres. To the south, the
Atlantic ocean borders the island's beach strand which is approximately a mile
in length. The frontal and primary dune system associated with the oceanfront,
reaches elevations of thirty (30) feet, and appears as a straight line parallel
to the ocean. This is undoubtedly remnant of the erosion escarpment resulting
from the storm surge of Hurricane Hugo in 1989. Accumulations of wind deposited
sand have since tapered the vertical face of the waterward toe of the dune
system. A zone of juvenile dunes, 60-80 feet wide, affronts the primary dune
system along the entire length of the beach strand. These emerging dunes
support a variety of vegetation. Species observed include: Bitter Panecum, Sea
Rocket, and Sea Oats. A zone of relatively level, unvegetated beach, (60-80 feet
wide), lies between mean high water and the juvenile dune system.
Landward of the frontal/primary dune system, secondary dunes and sand ridges
are formed. Along the western end of the island, this area narrows, ranging
from approximately 150-600 feet, between frontal dunes and estuarine wetlands
adjacent to Bonneparts Creek, and extends approximately 2000 feet into South
Carolina. The eastern end of the island adjacent to Mad Inlet is even narrower,
averaging only 150 feet between ocean dune crests and estuarine wetlands. The
vegetation on these secondary dunes is primarily sea oats, yucca, cactus, and
other dune grasses, with some woody shrubs, including: marsh elder (Iva
imbicata), eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimfolia), and wax myrtle. The two
estuarine embayments behind these narrow beach strands at either end of the
island exhibit similar characteristics. Both are fed by small tidal creeks.
Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) borders the creek's regularly flooded
hydrologic perimeters. Broad borders, up to 600 feet wide, of irregularly
flooded, mixed coastal wetland vegetation then transitions to high ground. This
vegetation pattern was observed through out the majority of the estuarine
adjacent sides of Bird Island, as well as, portions of the old causeways. These
broad borders of mixed coastal wetlands invariably included: Spartina,
alterniflora, Salicornia spp., Limonium spp., Distichlis spicata, Borricia
fruetesines, and Spartina patens. A few small areas of Juncus roemarianus were
also observed.
The central section of the island constitutes the majority of the highground
area, approximately 55-60 acres. Here, the depth of the island from the ocean
ranges from approximately 800 to 1900 feet. The area of secondary dunes and
sand ridges transitions into very dense maritime thicket. Vegetation becomes
more diversified, including specimens of numerous perinials such as, smilax,
blackberry, poison ivy, as well as, lobldly pine, live oak and red cedar.
However, maritime forest resources are not extensive, and maritime shrub thicket
is the predominate vegetation community of the islands interior. Topographic
variation creates numerous pockets of low-lying non-tidal wet areas. The old
causeway joins the northeast corner of the island and extends approximately 1250
feet into the saltmarsh behind Mad Inlet. The eastern end of this section of
causeway (approximately 450-470 feet) -173s significantly eroded, allowing the
reestablishment of coastal wetland conditions. Spartina alterniflora, Limonium
spp., Salicornia spp., and Suaeda maritima, were observed in these eroded areas.
A small tidal creek that has breached the old causeway alignment creates the
physical separation (Approximately 80 feet) between the highground areas of
causeways #3 and #2. Causeway #2 extends another 310 feet eastward where it
* adjoins the broad expanse of sandflats, overwash fans and saltmarsh behind Madd
Inlet. The average elevation of these sections is approximately 7 1/2 feet
along the old causeway alignment. To the northeast, some 1740 linear feet,
lies the largest of the three existing causeway sections. It is approximately
1580 feet long and elevations average 10 feet. The area above MHW of this
section of causeway is approximately 15 acres. There are remnants'of the old
bridge abutments on it's eastern end, and the bridge pilings are still visible
extending into the marsh and creek between the causeway and Sunset Beach,
Vegetation is more diverse on this larger section of causeway and includes
numerous shrubs including wax myrtle, eastern Baccharis and marsh elder. All
of the sections of causeway were originally created by filling over the
saltmarsh. Broad plateaus of irregularly flood mixed coastal wetlands border
areas of the causeway perimeters where deposition of fill material altered the
original marsh elevations.
Extensive regularly flooded saltmarshes and numerous associated shallow
tidal creeks comprise the majority (approximately 1100 acres) of the area,
between the north side of the island and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.
Bonneparts Creek is the largest water-course through this area. It exhibits an
average width of 200-250 feet as it meanders through the marsh from the AIM,
expanding to greater than 500 feet wide where it intersects with Little River
Inlet along the north western end of Bird Island. Bonneparts Creek and it's
tributaries constitute a primary hydrologic influence in the water exchange
system supporting the estuary between Bird Island and the AIWW. To the east,
Mad Inlet constitutes the other major influence in the area's hydrology. At the
ocean, Mad Inlet channel is located adjacent to Bird Island and is only 30-40
feet wide and 6-18 inches deep at MLW. However, the inlet area between the
vegetatively stabilized portions of Bird Island and Sunset Beach is
approximately 2500 feet. This area is very dynamic, and although the western
end of Sunset Beach appears to be building and migrating toward Bird Island, the
extensive sand flats and overwash fans which extend 1200 to 2000 feet inland are
evidence of the constantly changing nature of the inlet delta. Mad Inlet
channel bends east behind the narrow, elongated strand at the west end of Sunset
Beach until it reaches the north/south oriented shoreline along town limits.
The channel is very shallow, and shoaled throughout. In the project area, at
the bridge crossing, the open water area is approximately 120 feet at high
water. At low water the creek is only 30-60 feet wide with depths of 1 1/2-2
feet in the channel adjacent to the Sunset Beach side of the creek.
The Atlantic Ocean is classified as SB, and all other waters in the project
area are classified SA, by the NC Division of Environmental Management. The SA
classed waters are closed to the harvesting of shellfish. The estuarine waters
in the project area are designated as primary nursery area by the NC Division
of Marine Fisheries. The long term average annual erosion rate along the
oceanfront of Bird Island is two (2) feet per year. The Federal Emergency
Management Agency, National Flood Insurance rate map lists the island's base
flood elevation varying between 15-20 feet, and the entire island is within the
velocity zone. Bird Island is included in the federal Registry of the Coastal
Barrier Resources Act, which prohibits the expenditures of federal funds or
subsidies for development on coastal barriers included in the Coastal Barrier
Resource System.
The applicants are proposing to access Bird Island by replacing the bridge
(440LF) over Mad Inlet channel that originally connected Sunset Beach to. an
earthen causeway that once spanned the.extensive marsh between the two islands.
The applicants propose two additional bridges (totaling 1860LF) to replace-`'
sections of the old causeway that have overwashed and eroded away. The project
includes the construction of a road and substantial improvement of the remaining
sections of the causeway (3140LF)g This access is proposed to facilitate the
residential development of Bird Island. Fifteen lots, 4-6 acres each, are
tproposed for the island. Common amenities would include two beach access
crosswalks and a community pier, with four boat slips. The final location of
roads and platting of lots have not been presented in this application, as their
placement would be dependent upon a wetlands delineation survey of the interior
of the island. The substantial financial investment to complete these extensive
studies and final details of project development will not be necessary if access
to the island cannot be obtained. The applicants are fully aware that,
prerequisite to initiation of construction, this information must be completed
and reviewed as a major permit modification, should authorization for the access
project be obtained. The bridge and causeway project to access Bird Island is
proposed as follows:
Road Construction and Causeway Improvements:
The total length of proposed road construction is-3770 linear feet. This
total includes the 630 L.F. section of road across the applicant's Sunset Beach
property, between 40th street and Mad Inlet Channel, as well as, the combined
road length (3,140LF) proposed for the three sections of existing causeway. A
road width of 26 feet is proposed, consisting of 18 feet of shell aggregate and
marl, with shoulders of crushed stone (size 57), 4 feet wide, on both sides.
The slopes of the road would be stabilized by 10 feet of rip rap (CBL-511-151),
creating a total roadway width of 46 feet. The rip rap would be installed on
a 2:1 slope in a 12"-15" layer. The base of the rip rap would be dug into the
ground approximately 2 feet to promote infiltration of run-off. A temporary
silt fence would be installed along the delineated wetlands alignment to control
erosion and siltation during the construction process. Fill material would be
imported as necessary to raise the center crowned road finish grade to elevation
+10.5. An average depth of three (3) feet of fill material would be required
over the combined total length of the road (3140LF) proposed over three sections
of existing causeway. In section six of the permit application, the applicants
list a total of approximately 14,000 cubic yards of fill material, including rip
rap, to be utilized in the construction of the road. However, this quantity is
based on a road corridor of forty (40) feet, toe to toe, as are plan view
drawings (pp. 5-12). The road cross section detail drawing (p. 18) exhibits a
road corridor width of forty-six (46) feet, therefore fill quantities would be
increased by 15 per cent, or to approximately 16,000 cubic yards. Also, no fill
activity was proposed in conjunction with the road construction (630LF) on the
applicant's Sunset Beach property. Given the 8-10 feet elevation of the
property shown on the plan drawing (p. 5), some additional fill is anticipated
along the approach to the bridge, where proposed elevation is 13.25 feet.
Bridges
The proposed width of all three bridges is sixteen (16) feet. The finish
asphalt surface would be 13 1/2 feet wide with concrete guardrail barriers (1'-
3" wide x 21-9" high) on both sides. The surface elevation of the bridges would
be 13.25 feet. The body of the bridges would be sections of precast concrete
cored decking (3' wide x 30' long x 1' -3" thick). The bridges would be
supported by a series of concrete pilings and girders, spaced on thirty (30)
feet centers. Each support would consist of three concrete pilings, capped with
a concrete girder. The top of the girders would be set at elevation twelve
(12), creating a vertical clearance of seven (7) feet between MHW and the bottom
of the bridge. A pipe rack, for utilities lines support, would be attached to
the outside edge of the bridge. Utilities lines would be buried adjacent to the
road through upland areas. At the six locations where the bridges intersect
highground, a concrete abutment would be constructed. The abutments would be
sixteen (16) feet wide with eight (8) feet wing walls extending landward at 45
degrees from the face of the abutment. The abutments would be sheet-pile
construction.
•
Bridge #1 would be constructed between Sunset Beach and causeway #1. The
bridge would be 440 feet in length, spanning Mad Inlet Channel and adjacent
marsh.
Bridge #2 would be 1740 feet in length, constructed between causeway #1 and
#2. It would span the sand flats and associated marsh behind Mad Inlet.
There are two small creek channels within this bridge alignment. The
applicants plan to span these channels by centering one of the thirty (30)
feet bridge bays over the deepest water.
Bridge #3 would be 120 feet in length, constructed between causeways #2 and
#3. It would span a shallow creek that has breached the width of the old
causeway. The small creek is virtually dry at MLW.
Wetland Fill
The applicants have completed an extensive wetland delineation survey for
the Bird Island Access project area, which is currently pending approval by the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The wetlands line on the application drawings
(pp. 5-12) has been transcribed from that survey. The applicants propose to
fill approximately .20 acres (Note: This figure would be .23 acres utilizing
a 46 ft. roadway width) of wetlands along the eastern perimeter of causeway #3.
The proposed roadway has been realigned to utilize the maximum existing upland
area. The eight (8) areas (p. 11) proposed to be filled, include approximately
2000 square feet below MHW. The applicants propose to mitigate the wetland loss
by creating new wetlands from one of the upland spoil areas created by the
original causeway construction. Substantial areas adjacent to the old causeway
would be available for this activity, however, no detailed compensatory
mitigation plan has been submitted. Such a plan would be.submitted should
authorization be obtained for the wetland fill.
It should be noted, that, during field inspection of the wetland delineation
line of the access project area, the highground widths at the ends of the
causeway sections were not adequate to support the construction of the proposed
46 feet wide roadway. These areas include; 30 feet at the west end of causeway
#1, 90 feet at the east end and 139 feet at the west end of causeway #2, and of
coarse, the proposed wetland fill area of causeway #3.
10. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS
The most obvious impact associated with the proposed project would be the
residential development of the eighty-five acre barrier island, which is
currently in a relatively natural state. However, the applicant's proposed low
density of one single-family unit per five acres, is less impacting on the
environment than numerous other development options.
The proposed filling of wetlands to reestablish eroded areas of causeway #3
would cause to be consumed approximately .23 acres (10,018 square feet) of
coastal wetlands. Approximately 2000 square feet would be below MHW, consisting
of Spartina alterniflora (±800 square feet) and intertidal sand flats. The
remaining square footage (±8000 square feet) would be irregularly flooded
coastal wetlands consisting primarily of Saliconia spp., Limonium spp., Spartina
Patens, and Borrichia frutesens. Additional consumption of irregularly flooded
coastal wetlands (±2300 square feet) 7-1- anticipated on causeways #1 and #2,
utilizing the proposed roadway width of 46 feet, toe to toe. The construction
of the road on causeways #1 #2 and #3, would create 81,640 square feet of
impervious surface and associated stormwater run-off adjacent to estuarine
..waters. The finish elevations of both causeway (+10.5 feet) and bridges (+13.25
feet) are lower than the predicted 100-year storm flood elevation and would be
a susceptible to erosion damage and/or submersion during major storm surges.
The construction of the three bridges should not alter the current water
exchange pattern in the Mad Inlet system. The bridges will, however, restrict
the navigation in Mad Inlet channel to seven (7) feet vertical clearance at MAW.
S
Submitted by: E.F. Brooks Date: 06-10-92 Office: Wilmington

Please type or print. Carefully describe all anticipated
development activities, including construction, excava-
tion, filling, paving, land clearing, and stormwater con-
trol. If the requested information is not relevant to your
project, write N/A (not applicable). Items 1-4 and 8-9
must be completed for all projects.
1 APPLICANT
a. Name JAN I E PACE PRICE
Address 1801 CARLISLE ROAD
City GREENSBORO State N. C.
Zip 27408 Day phone [phone]
* Landowner or Authorized agent
b. Project name (if any) B I RD I SLAND BR I DGE AND
CAUSEWAY REPLACEMENT
c. If the applicant is not the landowner, also give the
owner's name and address. *AUTHORIZED AGENTS:
CHARLES E:•,DAVIS-, P. EF, (919/763-01411.0 HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES, INC. _
805 NORTH THIRD STREET, WILMINGTON,-NC 28401
2,300 LF TOTAL LENGTH OF BRIDGES
3,140 LF TOTAL LENGTH OF CAUSEWAY
If you plan to build a marina, also complete and
attach Form DCM-MP-2.
b. Is the proposed activity maintenance of an
existing project, new work, or both?
REPLACEMENT OF A BRIDGE AND CAUSEWAY
c. Will the project be for community, private, or
commercial use?
PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT
d. Describe the planned use o
ACCESS TO BIRD ISLAND TI
APR 21
4 LAND AND WATEEOASTAL MANAGEMENT.
CHARACTERISTICS
LAND: 85-ACRES; MARSH: 1,100 ACRES
a. Size of entire tract SPO I L• 15 ACRES TOTAL: 1.200 ACRES
15 LOTS, 4 TO 6 ACRES EACH
b. Size of individual lot(s) . (M I N I MUM: 4 ACRES)
JOHN R. OXENFELD,--'ArA, ARCIiTTECTS~=: _ -"
P. 0. BOX 422, WILMINGTON, NC 28402-'
2 LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT
c. Elevation of tract above mean sea level or
National Geodetic Vertical Datum
VARIABLE; 3.2' TO 24.4' MLW ,
d. Soil type(s) and texture(s) of tract BOH I CKET SILTY CLAY
LOAM, NEWHAN FINE SAND NEWHAN FINE SAND DREDGED
a. Street address or secondary road number
e. Vegetation on tract PINES, CEDARS, WAX MYRTLES, _
BIRD ISLAND NORTH CAROLINA YAUPON AND OTHER TYPICAL COASTAL SHRUBS AND PLANTS
b. City, town, community, or landmark f. Man-made features now on tract RAILROAD CAUSEWAY BED;
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH REMNANTS OF OLD PIER; UNIMPROVED TRAILS
c. County BRUNSWICK
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
'jurisdiction? YES
e. Name of body of water nearest project
ATLANTIC OCEAN
3 DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
a. Describe all development activities you propose (for
example, building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead,
or pier), REPLACEMENT OF A BRIDGE, CAUSEWAY, AND
WATER ACCESS PIER TO SUPPORT FUTURE RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT OF BIRD ISLAND
g. What is the CAMA Land Use Plan Classification of
the site? (Consult the local land use plan.)
X Conservation Transitional
Developed Community
Rural Other
IL How is the tract zoned by local government?
NOT ZONED
i. How are adjacent waters classified?
SB
j. Has a professional archaeological survey been
carried out for the tract? NO If so, by whom?

5 UPLAND DEVELOPMENT
Complete this section if the project includes any land
development. (VERY LOW DENSITY SINGLE FAMILY LOTS)
a. Type and number of buildings, facilities, or
structures proposed NONE BY DEVELOPER
b. Number of lots or parcels
15
c. Density (Give the number of residential units and the
units per acre.) ONE PER 4 TO 6 ACRES
d. Size of area to be graded or disturbed CAUSEWAY
AREA ONLY: 2.9 ACRES
e.
If the proposed project will disturb more than one
acre of land; the Division of Land Resources must
receive an erosion and sedimentation control plan at
least 30 days before land disturbing activity begins.
If applicable, has a sedimentation and erosion
control plan been submitted to the Division of Land
Resources? NO
f. Give the percentage of the tract within 75 feet of
mean high water to be covered by impermeable
surfaces, such as pavement, buildings, rooftops.
APPROXIMATELY 2.2 PERCENT
INFILTRATION/ABSORPTION. THE MINIMAL RUNOFF FROM
BRIDGE SURFACES WILL DISCHARGE OVERBOARD OVER WIDELY
DISPERSED AREA. RUNOFF FROM DWELLINGS WILL BE
INFILTRATED ON LOTS.
m. Water supply source SUNSET BEACH MUNICIPAL SYSTEM
n. If the project is oceanfront development, describe
the steps that will be taken to maintain established
public beach accessways or provide new access.
PUBLIC ACCESS RIGHTS OF WAY AND DUNE CROSS-OVER
STRUCTURES WILL BE PROVIDED; MINIMUM PARKING ALSO
(SEE SKETCHES)
o. If the project is on the oceanfront, what will be the
elevation above mean sea 1 €
16 FEET , `
Hoof?
APR
6 EXCAVATION AND FILL
INFORMATION DIVISION OF
COASIAL a. Describe-below the purpose of proposed excavation T
or fill activities (excluding bulkheads, which are
covered in Section 7). NO EX6AVAT I ON. PROPOSED.
AREAS DESCK I BED ARE F I LL-ONLY.
g. List the materials, such as marl, paver stone, asphalt,
or concrete, to be used for paved surfaces.
MARL, EXCEPT FOR BRIDGE SURFACES WHICH WILL BE
CONCRETE
h. If applicable, has a stormwater management plan
been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Maneizement? NONE REQUIRED. LESS THAN 10% OF
LAND -REA WIL W NY STRUCTURE OR HARDENED
i. Nscfie proposed sewage disposal and/or waste
water treatment facilities.
INDIVIDUAL SEPTIC TANKS ON MINIMUM 4-ACRE LOTS.
j. Have these facilities received state or local approval?
NO; TO BE OBTAINED BY INDIVIDUAL HOMEOWNER/
BUILDER WHEN APPROPRIATE
IL Describe existing treatment facilities.
N/A
1. Describe location and type of discharges to waters of
- the state (for example, surface runoff, sanitary
wastewater, industrial/commercial effluent, "wash
down") SOILS ARE GRANULAR AND HIGHLY ABSORBENT.
SHELL/MARL ROADS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED WITH ROADSIDE
SWALES To CATCH ANY SURFACE RUNOFF TO FACILITATE
Total
Length Width Depth Volume
Access channel
(lILW) or (NWL)
goat basin
Other:
Causeway et
Causeway 02
Causeway e3
Fill placed in
etland or below
w
WHW
trt
V-SKI=TRH •.,.1 .1
Upland fill areas:
Causeway •1
Causeway e2
Causeway 03
N/A I N/A I N/A I
N/A I N/A I N/A I
40' too to toe
1,580 t 3
' evg. 7,022 cy
1
o
310 if 40 too to toe 3 avg.
'
l 1,377 cy
7,250 if 4o' too to too 3' avg. 5,558 cy
A 50' x 5' x 3' average 28 cy
8 20' x 10' x 3' avorag 22 cy
C 45' x 8' x 3' evsra9: 40 Cy
D SO' x 10' x 3' average 55 cy
E 40' x 15' x 3' avorago 67 cy
..F 80' x 14' x 3'avorago 125 cy
O 40'x e' x 3' avorago 38 cy
N 50' x 40' x 3' avorago 257 cy
11,580 if 40: to. to too 3: avg 7,022 cy
l

10 if
l
40 too
I
to : l
1.105 lf too
4o' toe 3' av.. 4,915 Cy
140 to: Total volumes of fill include areas to
be treated with riprap.
b. Amount of material to be excavated from below
water level in cubic yards NONE
C. 1 ype of material N/A
d. Does the area to be excavated include marshland,
swamps, or other wetlands?
N/A
e. High ground excavation, in cubic yards
NONE

f. Dimensions of spoil disposal area
N/A
g. Location of spoil disposal area N/A
h. Do you claim title to the disposal area? N/A
If not, attach a letter granting permission from the
i.
j•
k.
1.
M.
n.
o.
p-
c. Shoreline erosion during preceding 12 months, in
feet N/A
d. Type of bulkhead material N/A
e. Amount of fill, in cubic yams, to be placed below
mean high water NONE
f. Type of fill material N/A
owner.
Will a disposal area be available for maintenance? N/A
If so, where? N/A 8 DITIONAL INFORMATION
APR 21 2
Does the disposal area include any marshland, In addition to the completed application form, the follow
swamps, or water areas? DIVISION Q Fing items must be submitted:
N/A COASIAL _ GEMENjj
Will the fill material be placed below mean high k copy of the deed (with state application only) or other
water? NO instrument under which the applicant claims title to the
NONE affected property. If the applicant is not claiming to be
Amount of fill in cubic yards the owner of said property, then forward a copy of the,
Type of fill material N/A deed or other instrument under which the owner claims
title, plus written permission from the owner to carry out
Source of fill material N/A the project.
VIM fill material be placed on marsh or other
wetlands? YES, ALONG THE OLD CAUSEWAY WHERE WET-
GA-
LANDS HAVE TT U THE N CAUSEWAY LIMITS.-MITI
btiIIleTBLSYlOI1S O thUt wet ands t? b f ffeaESTED.
SEE-SECTION 6A HEREIN.. _
q. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site
and erosion controlled?
GRASSING AND PLANTING; TEMPORARY SILT BARRIER
ALONG EDGES AND COVER WITH STONE RIPRAP ON EDGE
OF CAUSEWAY
r. What type of construction equipment will be used
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic
dredge)? PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT, BACKHOE,
MOTOR GRADER
An accurate work plat (including plan view and cross
sectional drawings) drawn to scale in black ink on an 8
1R x 11 white paper. (Refer to Coastal Resources
Commission Rule 7J.0203 for a detailed description.)
s. Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment
to project site? No If yes, explain steps that will
be taken to lessen environmental impacts.
CONSTRUCTION ACCESS WILL BE MADE FROM THE OLD _
CAUSEWAY FOR DRIVING PILES FOR THE BRIDGE REPLACE-
MENT. ALSO, EQUIPMENT WILL BE MOVED TO THE WEST
-END OF THE ISLAND BY BARGE.
7 SHORELINE STABILIZATION
Please note that original drawings are preferred and
only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue-line
prints or other larger plats are acceptable only if 16 high
quality copies are provided by applicant. (Contact the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding that agency's
use of larger drawings.) A site or location map is a part
of plat requirements and it must be sufficiently detailed
to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the
site. Include county road (SR) numbers, landmarks, and
the like.
A stormwater management plan, if applicable, that
may have been developed in consultation with the
Division of Environmental Management.
A list of the names and complete addresses of the ad-
jacent waterfront (riparian) landowners. These in-
divid->-;ls have 30 days in which to submit comments on
the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Manage-
ment and should be advised by the applicant of that op-
a. Length of bulkhead or ri rap R I PRAP TO BE USED ON portunity.
EDGE OF CAUSEWAY ONLY AND NOT FOR SHORE STABILIZATION.
b. Average distance waterward of mean high water or
normal water level N/A

TO ISLAND
h: ATLANTIC OCEAN
hest: WALTER M. STANALAND ESTATE, INC.
Route 7, Box 294
Shallotte, NC 28459
North: MYRDITH MCGLATHERY
Real-Estate Officer
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
P. 0. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
East: MANNON C. GORE
C/o Sunset Beach & Twin Lakes
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
40TH STREET LOT
North:- RICHARD D. do GWENDOLYN T. TUCHEK
186 Cantiberry Drive
Salisbury, NC 28144
JOHN M. & SHIRLEY SIMPSON
Route 2, Box 61B
Indian Trail, NC 28079
SAMUEL-W., II & SOPHIE ANDREWS
1405 Inlet Drive
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
THOMAS H. UNDERWOOD, JR.,- ET UX
3911 Brixton Lane
Durham, NC 27707
RICHARD do ELINOR ELLIS
P. 0. Box 64
Changewater, NJ 07831
FLOYD E., JR. A MARGARET WILLIAMS
501 Black Horse Run
Fort Mill, SC 29715
H. MICHAEL BRAZEAL
1413 Inlet Street
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
ROBERT THOMAS, ET UX
Route 1, Box 12A
Ridgeway, SC 29130
F. ROY THIGPEN
P. 0. Box 809
Whiteville, NC 28472
South: ROBERT M. DOSTER
Brook Drive
Lancaster, SC 29720
Bast: SUNSET BEACH & TWIN LAKES
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
40th Street: TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
(Certified Mail receipts attached)
A list of previous state or federal permits issued
for work on the project tract. Include permit num-
bers, permittee, and issuing dates.
A check for $250 made payable to the Department of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources to cover
the costs of processing the application.
A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in
oceanfront and inlet areas. '
A statement on the use of public funds. If the
project involves the expenditure of public funds,
attach a statement documenting compliance with the
North'Carolina Environmental Policy Act (N.C.G.S.
113A-1-to 10).
9 CERTIFICATION AND PERMISSION
TO ENTER ON LAND
Any permit issued in response to this application will
allow only the development described in the application.
The project will be subject to conditions and restrictions
contained in the permit.
I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the proposed
activity complies with the State of North Carolina's ap-
proved Coastal Management Program and will be con-
ducted in a manner consistent with such program.
I further certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in
fact, grant permission to representatives of state and
federal review agencies to enter on the aforementioned
lands in connection with evaluating information related
to this permit application and follow-up monitoring of
project.
19 92.
APR 21 1992
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
I3 I evi e 4 Riegelwood 15 Castle 1 ?
rt Rayne Scotts Hill
6 1 76 ,,mss 18 ---- ) 74 30 a Acme g 1 5 .a9 PA O
Hallsoow [a 214 Bolton Freeman Delco g cs
-to Gordo Chadbourn' Wacuma; ? ukv X`4Phoass IIm?? Q 17
I Brunswick K(ocromou Maco 6 ?? v2SSa ???J* 41 y 40 9 N
?. 7q K C
C 0 to L 13o U M ` wocr U S / 7 Le and 3 vi?Yel7 ,, 1 3
12 Lake
Grove 410 Q' Steve Pork J 9 o \ 4 al Re!
701 T r. 6 Crm _ 4 )o i 2 Writ
Irendon Re_
O
7 Sc ulkens - BishoD 1 M.?nor;d 'p, ' 132
Mo Masn
19 J Sidney oird 4 Town Cre o ` 421 5 .o
1 a Mollie Id Doc v
ty I ep o
% 211 Winnabow
n
Nakina g I ? t ? ?
ea iron Hilt 5 17 87 I t
B R U N 5 W 6 C K Carolina Beu
6 4 50413 Bughill ? odens S?teabreeze
lah , Ash Bolivia Orro ' C; =IBSeac, ASt. ci
Lori\),3 {? B t0 on r O Carolina Beach "
Bailing ..'To.w 1 ! Regwnol lteocn Acc?
4 Pireway 7 130 Supply * pring Lakes sUNNr 1 . ? PLEASURE ISLAND
5a 11 -- 3 `?? Kure-Beact
sbrook ; .Shallotte -
on gw-ood Smith I
-... - 87 `tiT .?? Regional Beach Access
7 ?2 01 hic 5 // 9 211 li Ft. Fisher Slate Rec. Area,
Grissettown 17 130 Sunset 5 133 ! 21 F?. rfI. ^? r
5 a • 7 Harbor + c?
Longs 4 Y 6 Sou tCorncoke Inlet 904 on Hot 'enea Yaupon
7 Little ?asid Beach?SwBh Beach Caswell. SMITH ISLAND
River Ocean Isle °?i °jo o e9• Beach
Wai comae 9 "1` 4? Tr. Beach '-o 0-., r oi/ 'oi AALD HEAD ISLAND
UGHTHOUSE CAPE FEAR
,? or S JUnSet 66s
/ !L Beac
• Nixonville Myrtle Beac O erry Gro Beach
cean Drive Be p?
a Crescent Beach A34R
PROPZSED PROJECT I
L1
17 'Myrtle Beach
V IC INITIf MAP-
-I?.C: oFFiCat; WWAHW&Y HAP 101010
APR 21 1992
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENNI
ELD
?.•a""'"?e BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
CARp? FOR
REGIST;KD rrSS ?y JANIE PACE PRICE
'rt`= BIRD ISLAND, N. C.
AR I SEAL
2681 JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
?y kcI N J?5 r..1 .e,MCTOSe K :...:
CAROUNA
HENRY VON OESEN a ASSOCIATES
CONStJITN/a ENGI/EEAS a rt.Al'MIER!
SG cKY?/? rf/• t// MILM11166TOM. NORTH CAN)LINA
P R OJ - 9118 DATE =1-31-921 I OF 21.
REV15??:44-io-,512 No. 385
.73
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PRICE _ GORE ?d '
APPROXIMATE LOTION \ - - -
MHW LINE \ INLET AVENUE
,III, \
\ 630
,?I?, WETLANDS
\ 440 STOGE
\ CREEK\\. * ?o
580, AUSEWAY #? \\ \
9.4
,III, _ _ \ ,? p• --
\\OLD BULKHEAD UPLANDS
UPLADS_?"? 1t(I, \ \ \
+ 8s. OLD BULKHEAD \ \
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
,III, ,III, MHW LINE \y?\\ \
WETLANDS APR 21 1992 \\ ?? \
DIVISION OF \ \
COASTAL MANAGEMEN
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
- FOR
,? JANIE PACE PRICE
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON M.t?rJ BIRD ISLAND, IC
Tj SC
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
VALM NOTON. N. R 28402
0 50 100 Go. HENRY VON OESEN 8 ASSOCIATES
ANSAIWG FNGJIEOtS t fYAMYCRS MLWVG:OV. V.C.
SCALE IN FEET I'-100' PROJECT : 9118 OATL : 4/10/92 1 0F' 20
JOB NO. 38158

N
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
,III, ,ail,
WETL ANDS LIMjT
6.4
JAI,
OLD P.P
x 6.1 tv IV 1
co - -
In 43 'v to% -
co. OLD RIP.
OLD P.P. x OPOSEp ROApWA i
A. 0.8
k 6'4
6.7
?
'b „
7.7
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
?h ^ 6.6
8.3 -.3 MHW LINE
?
APR 21 19Y1
WETLANDS LIMIT DIVISION OF O
COASTAL MANAGEMEN. Q?-
Q
PRICE
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
0 50 100
SCALE IN FEET 1'100'
GORE
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION .
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
%"LY1NOTV". N. C. 25402
HENRY VON OESEN do ASSOCIATES
J ;A'ASIkTM10 LWOMM t 1*.AWVOS TALWV070N. V.C.
PROJECT :911! DA1E : 4/10/92 7 OF . 20
JOB NO. 3656

N
WETLANDS LIMIT
APPROXIMATE LOCATION 6
UPLANDS
MHW LINE. r2
7 7
Gp' ?
0.4
2 ?O?p x 6.5i? 7.0
x 4.3 J pS / _ _
Q x 5•g
/
Oi?D 6P/ UPLANDS * e2
I/ .0 6 2
NO _??x4.2
x 4.5
EDGE GRASS -
CREEK -
WETLANDS LIMIT
PPROXIMATE LOCATION MHW LINE
APR 21 LIM
,1I1, F77 RMIT APPLICATION
DIVISION OF FOR
COASTAL MANAGEMEPACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
MAUIINOTON. N. C. 28402
o e0 ioo HENRY VON OESEN do ASSOCIATES
? J XXSULTM DrXMS t F:AWAM *UA14C W-C V
SCALE IN FEET t•-100' PRO= : 91 IS oME : +/+0/92 a or 20
JOB No. 3855

EDGE GRASS
,\It,
,\Ir,
WETLANDS
CREEK x 4.7

N
,\It,
,\Ir,
,\Ir,
,\I r,

x 3.3
0 In
x 4.1 APR 21 1992
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANA_ GENIgg
WETLANDS
x 31 PROPOSED BRIDGE
2.6
BRIDGE PERMIT APPUCATION
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
\Ir? BIRD ISLAND, NC
EDGE GRASS JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
• ADD V0LU NGTON. N. C. 30404
0 50 \
HENRY VON OESEN do ASSOCIATES
SCAM IN FEET t'-too' 1[ J ComsVoC ENWas ! PLA4as W"14GTON. 4.G
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW. • PROJECT : 911e DATE : 4/10/92 9 OF 20
Joe No. 3858
? a
N
??\pG
WETLANDS LIMIT x 4.3
,111, J 11, x 3.6
,111,
,111,
310 CAUSEWAY. #2 5.6 =
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
WASH OUT • ?? ?Q? /• ,111, - _
lb,
+ - .9 -i l
y 6.9 f
WETLANDS
s= s? + s,o ,11 i, APR 21 1992
,111, OLD P. P.
?!IL DIVISION
OF
EDGE OF CAUSEWAY FILL COASTAL MANAGEMENn
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
- - FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
0 50 100. 114LMINGTON. N. C4 22"2
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW HENRY VON OESEN do ASSOCIATES
SCALE IN FEET 1'-100'
l? .xM7W FNGAMS t PLANNERS 'MLW4CiON. N.C.
PRO ECT : 911E DATE : 4/10/92 10 OF 20
JOe NO. 3E5E

N
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
WETLANDS LIMIT
1 j F-
-7.9 ,il I, 12 '
?E #3
gR?o
7.3 { I ?• ,ill,
1 ,III, wP c • x 5. D
?c #3
,ilr, - P?sE B
I _ X25 W N
10
A
I
/• ° S t
g
I ?? • --? 7 OLD P.P.
UPLANDS 6
v o L . 1`O 6,/
x 5.7 WASI-
-A- 03 6 OUT
x 3.3 1\ 19- x ?b
8.5 S. .
j F
/-`?
.0 UPLANDS
/?..3 L/ x 6.1 H ,111,
t. 0 P. I / o ,ill, -
?,? - -
,ill, APR 21 1992
WETLANDS LIMIT
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEM ENT
EDGE OF CAUSEWAY AREAS A THRU H ARE POSSIBLE
ENCROACHMENTS INTO WETLANDS
APPROXIMATE LOCATION BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
MHW LINE FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW "^'-"'"°T°"• N. c 20402
.0 so 100 HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
?I CON9R7m E?OIS t PLval S MLWNGTON. Y G
SCALE IN FEET 1":1OO' PROJECT : 9116 DATE : +/10/96 11 Or 20
JOB NO. 3858

,\Ir, N
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE ,\II,
EDGE OF CAUSEWAY ,\Ir,
,\11, _ _ ,111, - -
• - WETLANDS LIMIT
, C PuSEW P?-
\11, 1250
-7 r
0) Lo cd 1-11 Y.
" 7.
- - + ?.6UPLANDS/
x 87 OLD P(? J
x 10.5----? 'A
8o
.? OLD°P.P
8.7
A 21 1992
\ x 18.3
DIVISION OF 8.8
=
LQ lAf '6xWK END OF I
CAUSEWAY PROPOSED ? 8;
UNDER. THIS PERMIT /
97 ,\ I r,
0 _ 50 ..100
SCALE IN FEer,•-100• ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
- WETLANDS LIMIT
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION MHW LINE
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
"LMINOTON. N. Q 28402
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JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.IA ARCHITECTI
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® coNSULTM10 ENGINEERS d PLANNERS
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the C fas?"+iti y' 4,:iCd llr i ! <tripf iE d of zi; 'Sr ?,JT t tf i +Tl. The eT1'?`i r??ilt fleT:tt 1`:i;?l al bi T'r'y, r3+?'•d
again.
i cam also ;orft:eriled aF1out. Lana her aspect. The iiri+vilnal brif.Jg ? across Madd
inlet v vials destroyed b fire. So ne say it d':+' .s intentional. l f,.e bridges that Neir> rice
proposes to build v, ill lie. tire. proof but ti ere are other v,iays to destroy a bridge. heir;.
Pr1Ce vviil i_iildC+i. btedly'o'iiantto provide for securifi, along the 's.'':5 miles of access
ro,adxva`'1 and bridges across the mcarsh. '0411 she try to lid lhit up, the n-,car h to deter
t.i SC'8.,,,.?rS+ },'1at ,.lfi l.tt.: addJt.loil of these--, tlwf'it..; +.tw to the;= eTt,rr :T1rC"iE:T1t;.
Finally, rnyr neighbors and I use boats on N/ladd inlet to get to fishing area `+Ira
the infra-i sta11i'+faterv-vayr and to crabbing areas in the creeks in the rnarshl ands.
Because of the silting 'of the if it y-:t, we can only use Ndatfd inlet a flew hours i day right
around high ti. I s?cifi.ally? checked the levels of the water during pG;rtil : c?f h;fi
tide on June .tea Tli ._i ? ' LO, '1T-` 2. 1'hr clearance. under the rr? rnr?,?int of the old
bri.doe that extends fror- i I'Ar's. I rl+:+=_''•'a property on r,th c-.1 ,-,,reet on Sunset Bea-
tit+ uld ni+t 6a'4 +rrliitted even john boat to 1ss. f`' ature is f(Hina in thy: inlet an l
lcmitTil + T1T CC iS bility?ti_+fishing and crabbing arecau Ir Mrs. Price builds. . a bridge
i Lr aS the Tnli t, Y} v Yliill. t?tc.)u'.?t about prohibited Ci?Tn be at on the inlet, et, At least ;=a
ftltUf -' Sturm may reri'iC;ve the silt from the stilt t. The briclersraL+uecir-li+ be D =rrrik#riHrlt
It 171 6' Cs to n? , tl7 t>t`ll , lti, l_+T +1rji..T: ha far re ai_:lrTt iii '?fi- c is on the
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@?1k'11"Qtl!"C`re and o t the quality of life in the area. ?" C-'ubli . hearings s;1ot.':ld be held in
1$ UIISE?t ? ?:11. area, to ct11oV'd tll re;! dents to i express Lh Ti. I lint ,.
please DENY pet"rn ssion to build the +r: ce,s:7 toar,?'4 icayr: % bridge system
-1.,6.Ay4e":SUpset Beach and Bird Island
ink you.
'Yours tri.iiv,
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4 23 40th Street
July 17, 199'2
NAr. John Dorney
N C.. Division Of Envlronrnenta }'/lanagert"lent
Puy . 27687
R,al'eigh, N(-' '2,7611
Dear Mr. 1 . orne ,

.JUL 2 41992
i have read iM}r. . F. Erou?ks letter to Mrs, Janie p"` .E t.ce date
?! e
d Lin
1 t?'L and } } . ii { `i 9' 1 regarding i;t t{ plans
:". rl his his iiel # report i i ???..te' .? .?n l J'; ,.._ 2 ;1r`-. P to
develop, Bird Island and to bu'lld an aC:?:,:e:c;r.: waCib'i+a 1 bridge- ;yster n beb?veer
Sunset Beach and Bird Island.
As a yplar round resident of ti"ie 10,hest land of 'Sunset `,each v iho ap i,eci }e-r
the natural buts of the exi=sting marshlands, I am cir ve? l'.J concerned.
Mrs. Price has, stated p blic:; al ti`lat she vdisi es to t:ulild a :mail fart"lil
t;rrt?po4and on Bird l ls!'"!C1 if t}l!u ! tE"!H case she could i' :3 'A?!tf`IC''•!_J1 thr9 proposed
access roaC'}wriy 1 bridge systt?rr-i sand the ilnivoc it v'',i!i tre, ate on the envi!'o rlme,nt.
Thorp, are examples up an -CA1 dov-vn the, coast vStlh re r<s s to islands is by s. oat, An
e ? a
xarrrpls, is ?, riear?k?,;; Bald Head ,ea?_a is! and.
The"develo pent, of Bird l'_a!al?d.';'viti1outthe! ac ss- bridge ;ytern
would be limited by the ENrrMunt of'oiaste 's1'state that clo{uld be h,Dndled by on 5iip''
SBPtiC s'ytStC-M . Sunset Be-ac.h, in c onlUi:tcttr_,n',/Ath the too, n of sµ;alabash is presently
studying a regional sewer system. If Sunset l`^:oach installs a sevi'er syCtGrn, ther
waste water from Bird Island could be pUrr,l: ed back across the proposed access
roadwayl bridge system and the developme-nt of Bird island 'vvo!_ild be i,vir esstri ted,
made reference to utilizing an abandoned
In Mr. Prices application, she
rai*1road road bed as part of the access system. l have lived here for five years r'i'nd
hale been unable to find anyone ,i`,fho c1r'rer s that'i11e ca4usevfav i s n: i a E;ss 1 P#?;;???riFet,?,?
r?ai'lroad. 1 have alked o several ?1e{,1?..71?.''. who state that the l::'r_'iG'1?)r?''?1 5?'? as L..)}: ilt i,.iy
K*S. Pke`s late husband by filling ;arid dreddirg mate' ials frorn the surrounding
marshlands. 1. am sure that slUc h factions it tc-,uld be. prohi bited toav. PPlease do not
giae credibility to his environmentally destructive actions by giving permission to use.
tat Causeway ,
#t y Y that the Cr. lr-.(avs, has boon abandoned, nature has eP')cp r L f
P 1) the troa. Ttees and shrubbery deli., t s r,?s t:rv n th t:.P?ld.?evvay and gat -ne and ' vi ldli,e
Ic7'' 3 fi?tlrtd tl h o me. Pair. Brooks reLorC state t'ti?t. ,I een tl liJl.i:.?c"i!°!? f s LiC)i(: ''U' rte', F ?i''t`'Ill
w u l: be.required to r'epairthe c' I.a e?, ey 1 ani sure that be-fore the fill is put ?_sov 5<
r'te`
130 Oklahoma Avenue
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
August 3, 1992
John Dorney
N.C. Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 27687 ; Raleigh, NC 27611
1992
Dear Mr. Dorney: WETLANDS GRMIV
Your agency will likely have opportunity to comment on the North
Carolina CAMA permit application of Mrs. Janey Pace Price to
construct causeways and bridges to Bird Island from Sunset Beach
N. C. and pursue residential development of that island, and/or on the
corresponding Corps of Engineers permit. I have enclosed an edited
copy of my recent letter commenting on the former permit
application. Since uninhabited islands and their surrounding
wetlands are becoming rare, I hope you will consider possible
impacts in your agency's area of responsibility and make sure they
are avoided by the proposed actions and their consequences.
I understand that tidal marshlands are important to marine
fisheries, and I wonder whether the causeway construction and
configuration will negatively impact that stressed resource. I
believe the causeways have direct environmental effects, and would
also affect storm water flows in ways that might produce indirect
effects. The argument that the remains of an old causeway still
exist should I think carry little weight, since it is deteriorating by
the year and may be illegal by today's standards.
The wetlands and beaches certainly provide significant areas for
indigenous and migratory wildlife. From personal experience here
we know that nesting colonies move from year to year as the habitat
and other variables change, so there is little doubt that conditions
are sometimes ripe for threatened species. We saw many black
skimmer nests on Sunset Beach near Bird Island in 1989 and 1990,
but not other years. Little tern chicks were seen this year, too.
This is the first year I have seen two reddish egrets together in the
tidal flats. As for migratory species, this year we saw more
whimbrel and black terns than ever before.
Please send me a summary of your agency's comments.
Sincerely
Robert Peelle

Mr. Roger Schecter, Director
Division of Coastal Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
Dear Mr. Schecter:
130 Oklahoma Avenue I 10 Oak Ridge, TN 37830
July 20, 1992
71992
CJ.:tt
Comments on application of Ms. Price to develop Bird Island. N. C.
For 20 years our family has visited Sunset Beach, so we are indirect
tax-payers in the area. Sunset Beach has been very popular among
Oak Ridgers since its early days, and there are some owners from
our town. I am an elected Commissioner of Roane County, TN, for 20
years, so I am aware of needs for judicious development, increase of
property value, etc.
I have read press reports about the permit applications and the
planned development of access to Bird Island, and have considered
these in the light of our specific knowledge of the lands and waters
of interest. For several years we have stayed in a house overlooking
the inlet and the east end of Bird Island, and various family members
have walked and slogged on the island and the remains of the road
leading to it. We have seen deer swimming to the area, and many
animal tracks. Birds regularly use the area to be developed, with
lots of roosting along the remnants of the old roadway. Reddish
egret, supposed to be rare in this area, are often seen.
If Bird Island is developed, the next great tidal surge will undevelop
it, because the "high ground" there is not many feet above sea level.
How will damage from that surge to other properties be affected by
the rebuilt causeway?
The following issues suggest tha
plan by the owner, perhaps using
would better preserve the rights
Development of that tract cannot
owner's property.
t a less destructive development
boat transportation to the tract,
of other property owners.
be thought to influence only the
1. Unless the entrance to the road is locked or guarded, the roadway
will effectively be public, so considerable extra human activity in
the environs can be expected. Even if the roadway is private at
first, our experience in Roane County is that owners eventually will
claim the road is public and ask public bodies to provide
maintainance (and increased access).
2. While the permit application does not refer. to high-rise
development, pressure for such development will very likely occur if
the state builds a bridge (to Sunset Beach) from the mainland. Such
development would lead to very substantial degradation of the
surrounding area. I realize that "foot in the door" arguments are
frustrating to public officials, but such incremental land use
changes do occur. This objection to the application could be
overcome by firm contractual guarantees, but such provisions are
unusual.
3. The fill requirements of the proposed development seem
significant. If the fill is dredged from the marsh, major
environmental effects can be anticipated. If from elsewhere, very
considerable siltation of tidal areas can still be expected prior to
stabilization.
4. Bird Island, except for the questionable jetty at one end and the
vestiges of prior development efforts, is a part of the established
natural character of the region. Expensive development on such a
low island will likely lead to future demands for public funds to
protect that development from storms. The proposed development,
together with the structures that will in time be needed to protect
it, will alter both the visual attactiveness and the environmental
values of the area to a significant extent. The Sunset Beach area
will then be less attractive to both residents and visitors.
For these reasons, we urge your agency to deny the present
applications and suggest the owner propose a much less intrusive
development plan.
Sincerely,
Robert Peelle
Commissioner, Roane County TN
2
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October 15, 1992
Mr. John Dorney is
North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Dear Mr. Dorney,
This letter is written to state our position on the proposed
development of Bird Island, North Carolina. This is the same
property that is owned by Mrs. Janie Price of Greensboro,
North Carolina and is located next to and west of Sunset
Beach, North Carolina.
To simply state our position, we are adamantly opposed to any
development of Bird Island. Our reasons for opposing
development can be summarized as follows:
There are very few undeveloped and unspoiled beaches on the
East Coast and none within 60 miles of Bird Island. The
public trust lands adjacent to Bird Island are priceless.
This public trust land provides a primary nursery for shrimp
.and fish which feed North Carolina residents and visitors;
provides navigation rights and recreation; and provides a
habitat for migratory birds and threatened species such as
,sea turtles.
Bird Island is visited by thousands of people every year. It
is a'place of indescribable beauty. To allow one family to
destroy this place of beauty would be a tragedy. Please help
Mrs. Price understand the value of this property and prevent
her from any development.
We have heard that Mrs. Price just wants to provide a place
where her children and their families can build homes for
themselves. However, we believe that it is unlikely that she
would undertake this venture unless additional development
was, planned. Unlike Sunset Reach, once development began
there would be nothing to prevent the building of high-rise
condominiums like those that have sprung up on Ocean Isle.
We have all seen the extensive damage that the recent
hurricanes have caused to the coastal areas of South
Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. Every U.S. citizen then has
to pay to rebuild the damage through taxes and higher
insurance rates. Do we really need any additional developed
land on the coast?
The proposed development of Bird Island would add a
tremendous burden to the residents of Sunset Beach. All the
vehicular traffic going to Bird Island would have to pass
through Sunset Beach. It would also have to cross over the
already over-traveled draw bridge.
The western point of Bird Island is owned by the State of
4 , 4A
Sue & Owen Weddle
706 North Shore Drive
Sunset Beach, N.C. 28468
August 4, 199''? _
D
Mr. Roger Schecter, Director
N.C. Division of Coastal Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
- 71992
Dear Mr. Schecter:
RE: J. P. PRICE PRIVATE SUNSET BEACH-BIRD ISLAND ROAD

6070 FEET (1.15 MILES)
Mrs. Janie Pace Price has applied for state approval to build
1.15-mile private road across protected marshes and public-trust':."
waters from her house on Sunset Beach Island to her property of
Bird Island, which she proposes to develop.
We urge your agency to deny approval of this project for the
following reasons:
(1) Mrs. Price's private bridge-causeway-road system would
pave over 1.15 miles.of marshes and waters, changing this
delicate environment in ways that are unpredictably destruc-
tive. To visualize the magnitude of this project, consider
that Price's private road would be 40 percent longer (0.3
miles longer) than the public road that connects the main-
land to Sunset Beach Island.
(2) Price's road would disturb 4.23 acres of marshes.
We are homeowners on Blane Creek on Sunset Beach Island.
Blane Creek is the tidal creek that connects Madd Inlet with
the Intracoastal Waterway. We regularly travel by boat
among the tidal creeks Price's project would bridge and
block with causeways.
When we built our home three years ago, new CAMA regulations
required us to set our bulkhead back of older neighboring
bulkheads to avoid disturbing protected grass. CAMA later
required us to tear down and rebuild our dock to avoid
shading protected reeds.

We know these regulations are necessary to protect the
marshes. We believe these regulations should be applied in
responding to Mrs. Price. For the state to permit the Price
project to disturb irrevocably 6070 feet/4.23 acres of marsh
while requiring Blane Creek homeowners to build bulkheads,
docks, and piers (or in some cases do without entirely) so
.that no protected grasses are disturbed is unreasonable
and unfair. To permit this project would undermine the
trust the public places in your agency to protect the marsh
environment.
(3) -Finally, Mrs. Price can easily access and develop her
private island without paving 1.15 miles/6070 feet/4.23
acres of marsh. She can access her island by boat as the
developers of Baldhead and other private islands have done.
Sincerely,
Sue & Owen Weddle
cc. U. S.
U. S.
N. C.
N. C.
U. S.
N. C.
N. C.
Environmental Protection Agency
Fish and Wildlife Service
Division on of Marine Fisheries
Shellfish Sanitation Branch
Wildlife Resources Commission
Army Corps of Engineers
Division of Environmental Management
Division of Land Resources
!F yob ?? faa???
COASTAL
Rj#,{(? 3223 IGHW • SWANSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 28584 • [phone]
HADNOT CR -
??
BUG 13 1992
19 1992
oD?RECTORS OFFICE ??1f
FEDERATION UAL??
viAT•EA Q August 7, 1992
SECTION ?..,
Preston Howard,
Director "'
Division of Environmental Management
P.O.Box 27687
Raleigh,NC 27611-7687
Dear Preston:
The Sunset Beach Taxpayers Association and North Carolina
Coastal Federation request a field trip to
the waters around Bird and.. This fact inding our is
scheduled for Tuesda September l at 11:00 a.m. I will begin
at Bill Ducker's ho se which is located at 1420 I et Drive, next
to Mad Inlet at the south end of Sunset Beac From there, a
boat tour is planned.
State Representative David Redwine and Division of Coastal
Management Director, Roger Schecter are participating in the
field trip along with other key officials and experts, including
Duke University geologist, Dr. Orrin Pilky and Derb Carter from
the Southern Environmental Law Center. Discussions will include
th.e:permitting process, requirements for regulatory consistency
among the various agencies, and the dynamics and unique natural
features of Bird Island. Efforts to secure public funds to
purchase the island for preservation will also be discussed.
Please Qom gents Oe form and return it to us in the
envelope p ovi` d C ual dress, rain gear and
wading.shoes.a e, aWe will hold the event rain
or shine. Refr? rovided by local residents.
We hope'you will join `us for this informative event.
Please contact me if you have any questions about the field trip.
Sincerely,
Lauren Kolodi'
7
Field Representative
Enclosure
printed on recycled paper
.*-. •

HALTING DEVELOPMENT
Redwine wants state to study
whether to buy Bird Island.
By HUNTER KOME that protecting coastal land is always costly.
Raleigh Bureau Chief "I'm so tired of the state having to pay
RALEIGH - The state would study the
possibility,of buying Bird Island to head off a
proposal to develop it, under a measure Rep.
David Redwine, D-Brunswick, is seeking in
the state House of Representatives.
A Greensboro woman has applied for per-
mits that would allow her to build 15 houses
on the undeveloped island near Sunset Beach
in *1k_ B C A art fh
through the nose to protect its natural re-
sources," Rep. Ethridge said. "We don't real-
ly have any choice if we're going to try to
preserve what we have. I would hope we
could get a good price considering how much
money it would take to develop this island."
Linda Fluegel, Sunset Beach town adminis-
trator, said the town has hired a land manage-
ment firm to analyze how much of the island
M 1D-;, uld d 1 d t ak
sou rn runs
y. s p o er
v?oun
plans, Janie Pace Price has applied for per- s. e co eve op an o m e recom-
mendations on how to zone the island.
mits to build a bridge to connect Bird Island to Although Bird Island has no zoning desig-
Sunset Beach. nation, it is classified for conservation in the
The House Appropriations Subcommittee town's Coastal Area Management Act land
on Environment, Health and Natural Re- use plan, Ms. Fluegel said. However, that
sources has approved Rep. Redwine's pro- would not prevent development on the island,
posal, which calls for a state agency to study she said.
the feasibility of buying Bird Island for con-
servation. The Sunset Beach Town Council has
The Department of Environment, Health passed a resolution supporting the efforts of
and Natural Resources would conduct the any conservation organization that might
study and report back to the General Assem- have the money to buy the island. But the
bly by May.- The full Appropriations Commit- resolution also supports Ms. Price's right to
tee probably will vote on the proposal today, develop the island if the law allows, Ms. Flue-
said Rep. Bruce `Ethridge, D-Carteret, co- gel said.
chairman of the environment subcommittee. Ms. Price proposes dividing the island into.
Because: it would cost so much to develop 15 lots of four to six"acres, each with its own
the island '- Ms. Price's plans call for a septic tank, according to state permit a lica-
2,300-foot long bridge and a 3,140-foot bons
causeway - the state should not have to pay prp .M,
an exorbitant amount for the property, Rep. a

Ethridge said. ,
Ms. Pri ce could not be reached for com-
Hlowever, he said, past experience shows ment Tuesday evening.
.14-11
t
r?
October 15, 1992
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Division
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Dorney,
of Environmental
27611
This letter is written to state our position on the proposed
development of Bird Island, North Carolina. This is the same
property that is owned by Mrs. Janie Price of Greensboro,
North Carolina and is located next to and west of Sunset
Beach, North Carolina.
To simply state our position, we are adamantly opposed to any
development of Bird Island. Our reasons for opposing
development can be summarized as follows:
There are very few undeveloped and unspoiled beaches on the
East Coast and none within 60 miles of Bird Island. The
public trust lands adjacent to Bird Island are priceless.
This public trust land provides a primary nursery for shrimp
and fish which feed North Carolina residents and visitors;
provides navigation rights and recreation; and provides a
habitat for migratory birds and threatened species such as
sea turtles.
Bird Island is visited by thousands of people every year. It
is a place of indescribable beauty. To allow one family to
destroy this place of beauty would be a tragedy. Please help
Mrs. Price understand the value of this property and prevent
her from any development.
We have heard that Mrs. Price just wants to provide a place
where her.children and their families can build homes for
themselves. However, we believe that it is unlikely that she
would undertake this venture unless additional development
was',p?anred.. Unlike Sunset Beach, once development began
thero would.be nothing to prevent the building of high-rise
condominiums like those that have sprung up on Ocean Isle.
We have all seen the extensive damage that the recent
hurricanes have caused to the coastal areas of South
.Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. Every U.S. citizen then has
to pay to rebuild the damage through taxes and higher
insurance rates. Do we really need any additional developed
land on the coast?
The proposed development of Bird Island would add a
tremendous burden to the residents of Sunset Beach. All the
vehicular traffic going to Bird Island would have to pass
through Sunset Beach. It would also have to cross over the
already over-traveled draw bridge.
The western point of Bird Island is owned by the State of
s

South Carolina and has been set aside as an area which will
not be developed. We urge you to follow the wise example of
the State of South Carolina and prevent any development of
Bird Island.
Sincerely,
,GG
oise and Sam Sarvis
3451 Stimpson Drive
Pfafftown, North Carolina 27040
[phone]
O"'
South Carolina and has been set aside as an area which will
not be developed. We urge you to follow the wise example of
the State of South Carolina and prevent any development of
Bird Island.
Sincerely,
&' S)M"'?'
Donna and Sam Sarvis
600 Carmenere Drive
Kenner, Louisiana 70065
[phone]
MEMO
DATE:
TO:
SUBJECT:
?2-
V-IA^? C
? ? ? GAL v)a
?-> Vl S I i
y-Ao e -
! S o ?S
11 11?From:
Mc STA7p q
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
? Printed on Recycled Paper
?nM
.4
olowl,
DEAR SIR,
?yy2
LOCATED IN BRUNSWICK CO, NORTH CAROLINA, NATURE HAS GIVEN US
A SMALL UNDEVELOPED ISLAND EVERYBODY IN THE AREA CALLS "BIRD
ISLAND." THIS IS APTLY NAMED FOR SO MANY THREATENED AND
ENDANGERED BIRDS NEST THERE. THEY ALSO SPEND THE REST OF THE
YEAR BATHING IN THE POOLS, FEEDING & JUST SITTING, ALTHOUGH
ALL OF THESE THINGS OCCUR ON DEVELOPED BEACHES, ONE HAS TO
WONDER WHAT THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BRIDGE, OVER ONE MILE LONG,
ACROSS NECESSARY MARSHES TO AN ISLAND WHICH HAS ONLY 33
ACRES OF BUILDING AREA, WOULD DO TO THE ECOSYSTEM. THE
CONSTRUCTION OF A BRIDGE WOULD INVADE THE MARSHES MOST OF
ALL. THE MARSHES ARE NURSERIES FOR BABY SHRIMP, FISH AND
OTHER MARINE LIFE. THE EGRETS, BLUE HERON & OTHER BIRDS FEED
IN THE MARSHES ALONG MADD INLET AND THE SURROUNDING AREAS,
WHA.T;,A BEAUTIFUL SIGHT. IS ALL OF THIS GOING TO BE POTENT-
IALLY-LOST SO ONE INDIVIDUAL CAN BUILD 15 HOMES? AS BIRD
ISLAND IS ONE OF THE TWO REMAINING UNDEVELOPED ISLANDS LEFT
IN NORTH CAROLINA,--I DO HOPE YOU WILL HELP IN THE PROCESS
OF THE STATE AQUIRING BIRD ISLAND FOR EVERYONE TO ENJOY IN
THE YEARS TO COME.
SINCERELY
BETTY & CHARLES DEBARR
114 LONGLEAF LANE
PLYMOUTH, N. C. 27963

V
Winter; All C&
PAPER & PACKAGING SPECIALISTS
June 29, 1992
To Whom It May Concern:
I would like to express my feelings in regard to a recent request
made by Mrs. Price, owner of a home at Sunset Beach, N.C. and owner
of Boid Island, also in North Carolina. Mrs. Price would like to
construct a bridge over Mad Inlet to get from her property to Boid
Island. She convently has access by boat or walking at low tides.
A bridge would obstruct boat traffic - threaten endangered species
and wildlife habitat and may in fact effect the water quality. I
strongly urge you not to allow this to happen.
Thank you very much.
Sincerely,
WINTER`, BELL COMPANY
Rick L. Lewis
President
RLL/pc
P.O. BOX 48 ? 2018 BREVARD ROAD ? HIGH POINT, NC 27261 ? [phone] ? FAX [phone]
Aw All"
Fq??OPy
November 24, 1992
MEMORANDUM
TO: Charles E. Davis
FROM: John R. Dorne 0? V
RE: DEM Water Quality review of Bird Island Project
DEM Project # 92081
Brunswick County
Attached is a copy of a 12 October 1992 letter which I wrote
concerning DEM concerns about the Bird Island project.
Apparently the letter was never sent. I apologize for any
inconvenience that this may have caused. Please call me at 919-
733-1786 if you have any questions.
birdmem.ltr
cc: John Parker, Division of Coastal Management
DEM Wilmington Regional Office
Central Files
Mr. Glenn Dunn
® -.0001-
D e 1992
t
Mr. John Do rney E.A-SE
N. C. Division of Env3.,onme agement
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC, 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Dorney,p
.I am not in favor of Ms. J. P. Price's proposal to construct a 6,100
foot long system of bridging from Sunset Beach, N.C. to Bird Island.
Although Ms. Price owns Bird Island, I do not believe she owns the
marsh and Bay (Mad Inlet) that would be breached for her bridge from
Sunset Beach. What right does she have to impact the beautiful,
ecologically peaceful setting of mad Inlet that is enjoyed by thousands of
Summer vacationers and Sunset Beach property owners? This bridge will
serve only 15 private families on Bird Island - I do not see how this will
benefit the general public and , at the same time, have the bridge
construction put at risk the delicate ecological balance of this area.
In early 1992, I purchased property in Sunset Beach, for which I have
an excellent view of this area. This view was a key part of my purchasing
decision - the beauty of Mad Inlet over to Bird Island.
I guess Ms. Price has the right to develop her private property, but
maybe she should only have boat access! The present proposal negatively
impacts Sunset Beach homeowners and vacationers - the justification is not
there to change the current status quo.
Sincerely,
obert D. Hoover
218 Price ST
Blacksburg, Va, 24060
Owner of # 1006 Main St, Sunset Beach, N.C.
.•
Tel:
John Dorney i
N.C. Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 27697
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Dorney:
Barry R Lentz
179 Tradescant Dr
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
[phone]; 966-5384(off)
I am writing you regarding Bird Island on the North Carolina/South Carolina boarder,
just south of Sunset Beach. This little island (ca 60 acres) is currently wild and is habitat
to several species of endangered birds. The owner, Ms. Jane P. Price of Greensboro, has
filed for a CAMA permit to construct a causeway and bridge from Sunset Beach Island
to Bird Island and has asked that Sunset Beach zone the island for development. I
understand that Ms. Price's proposal has come to your office for approval. I urge your
office to consider carefully the fragile nature of the estuary ecosystem that would be
endangered by Ms. Price's proposed causeway and bridge construction. The bridge
needed to link Sunset Beach with Bird Island would impede navigation and recreation in
Mad Inlet between these two islands. In addition, this is clearly a very dynamic inlet area
and any attempt to harden it in this way could have dire and difficult to predict conse-
quences for the local estuary system. Finally, this area is already overdeveloped, and
development of this last wild island would add to the threat to water quality and primary
nurseries in the area. There is a great deal of interest in south Brunswick county in
maintaining this little barrier island in its native state, free from human intrusion.
Moreover, Ms. Price indicated at a recent Sunset Beach Town Council meeting that she
would entertain an offer to purchase the island by an organization willing to preserve it.
Su6h #n. organization (The Bird Island Preservation Society) has been formed and is
working toward raising both private and State funds to protect this sensitive area. If,
despite'te efforts, Ms. Price wishes to continue her plans to develop the island, she
should be permitted to gain access only by a much less invasive and damaging ferry
system across tittle: River Inlet from the south. Thanks for your attention and for any
help you can provide in maintaining this special little island as one of the few remaining
truly wild refuges in the barrier islands of North Carolina.
Sincerely yours,
Barry R. Lentz

December 21, 1992
John Dorney
N.C. Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 27687 U u
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Mr. Dorney,
I am writing to express my concern over the pr '?o Ne0PN`?`t
development of Bird Island in Brunswick County. The on
of Environmental Management is currently consid r n
application for clean water certification which cludes a
request to build a bridge and road system of over a mile in
length over the marsh between Sunset Beach and Bird Island.
The Division of Coastal Management has estimated that 16,000
cubic yards of fill would be moved into the marsh, in the
process eradicating existing wildlife cover. The change to
these wildlife-critical wetlands is in itself sufficient
reason to reject this application.
It addition, the use of this bridge to bring water and sewer
services to Bird Island would be an invitation to further
development of this important wildlife resource. Even if it
is argued that the owner has the private property right to
build residences on the island, this does not imply that
there is a concommitent right to destroy the publicly owned
wetlands surrounding the island.
Please make a stand for the
water quality in Brunswick
application for development
natural resource.
preservation of wildlife and
C-ounty by rejecting this
of a critical and fragile
Sincerely,
'srl
4e-l( 47?r
Ed Ramey
4825 Highgate Drive
Durham, NC 27713

TRANSMISSION REPORT
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State of. North Caron-na.
Depailme,11t of Enviroti ent, Hea. th, and Natural ??esources
Division of Envixonmental VF.nageirnc; t
J.Q.O. Lox 29535
F.aeiah, ?NT' 27676-0535
WAR, QUALITY SE ON
FAX Yt 919/7733-1338
DD-
TELH- CO.C lY TO: V 'y if\ ?
-r m. l?
??ZGM: PrIONE.
NO. OF PA6ES, z1?TC?t?Z??G COVER S?ET:
d
Donald F. Stovall
3945 Sawmill Road
Winton-Salem, NC 27107
December 21, 1992
Mr. Rudolf Schiener
Department of the Army
Wilmington District Corps of
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890
Re: Bird Island
Dear Mr. Schiener:
V
inPar$ ,. no10??.? SEC ?QN
Thanks for the opportunity to comment about the beautiful Bird Island. I certainly
appreciate its peaceful isolation.
Mrs. Price is fortunate to own such a great piece of this world. That is the essence
of the situation; that she owns it! Mrs. Price must be able to develop her property
if she wants to, within the limits of the law and ordinances. She and her property
deserve no more or less scrutiny for development than anyone else's property. It
seems to me that if she can obtain approvals and permits from all the agencies that
will review permit applications, then the public welfare is more than adequately
guarded. Even though I do not know her, I would plead on her behalf that she be
treated fairly on the merit of her applications and with absence of political
influences.
If one considers what is best for Bird Island, it might be that Mrs. Price has the
best plan other than for leaving it alone. Anyone or family who has the resources
tp develop property on this scale will probably be very protective of it. I would
t?ink that general access to the island would be limited or forbidden.
a?
Quid the island ever become public land, one might expect the following:
- Public demand for access to the island for everyone (requiring bridges and
roads).-.
Demand for public parking;
Demand- for public toilet facilities;
- Demand for handicap provisions mandated by ADA;
Walk trails and boardwalks;
General public litter;
- Concessions;
Given the options that have been published to date, I would rather have the island
preserved with private money with limited improvements than with tax dollars.
Compared.to Sunset Beach and other surrounding developed properties, I do not
believe that Bird Island will suffer from the proposed family compound.
Sincerely,
Donald F. Stovall, P.E.
c: Mr. John Dorney
N.C. Division of Euvironmental Manageniont
P.U. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
- Id-

rr?q
DEC 29 1992
Owen & Sue Weddle WATER QUALITY
706 North Shore Drive SECTION
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
December 18, 1992
N.C. Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 2.7611-7687
COMMENTS ON THE APPLICATION FOR CLEAN WATER ACT CERTIFICATION
Dear Sir or Madam:
We urge the N.C. Division of Environmental Management to deny
state certification to Ms. J.P. Price to construct a 6,100-foot-
long system of bridging and causeway from Sunset Beach island to
Bird Island.
Here are our-reasons, taken from our letters to the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers and the N.C. Division of Coastal Management.
We write as permanent residents of Sunset Beach Island. We live
on Blane Creek overlooking the protected marshes and public-trust
waters through which Ms. Price proposes to build her private
road.
J.. 'We love the natural beauty of these marshes and waters, a
'beauty now defaced by the ruins of a bridge and causeway built by
Mr. 'Price years ago.
We-urge the Corps of Engineers to look at the environmental
destruction and physical ugliness caused by the first Price
project and consider the destructive impact of a new Price
private-road project three or four times as long as the first.
Rat;her;.A-h`an allow Ms. Price to ruin more of our marshes and
wa.t:ers,'.th.e Corps or other agencies should require her to
r.e'pairthe damage done by the first road project. Of course, we
know. this won't be done; but more important, we know the area
affected could never be restored to its pre-Price, natural state.
W.e .also know that no one could have predicted what a mess the
first project would make or what effects the abandoned roadway
has had on Madd Inlet and the waters and wetlands in the area.
2'.. At high"tide, we join the many boaters who enjoy Blane Creek
and"othex tidal creeks and channels and public-trust waters that
P.rtce's road would block and deface with bridges and causeways.
At low, tide, we and many other local citizens and visitors enjoy
wading and hiking through these wetlands collecting shells,
birdwa`tch.ing; and exploring this beautiful natural resource. Ms.
Price's private road would spoil all this.
i
F
3. Bird Island is Ms. Price's private property, which she plans
to develop. Although we hope this doesn't happen, we respect her
private property rights.
However, these rights do not extend to the protected marshes and
public-trust waters between Sunset Beach island and Bird Island.
This beautiful, vital natural area is not her private property.
As homeowners on Blane Creek, we learn?ed._tha.t._.the marsh and tidal
creek next to our lot were not Iour private property but were
governed by strict CAMA and Army Corps of Engineer regulations.
Although we grumbled about restrictions placed on the bulkhead
and short boardwalk and dock we were permitted to build, we have
since learned to appreciate the purpose of these regulations: to
protect the environment and thereby to protect the public inter-
est.
Of all the construction projects under consideration in our area,
none is more clearly contrary to the public interest than a
private road for Ms. Price across the marsh.
Yours sincerely,
I(o • (Us .?Ss..
Owen & Sue Weddle
Qr•
N. C. Division
P. O. Box 27687
Raleigh, N. C.
of Environmental
27611-7687
5427 N. Paseo
Tucson, AriZo
Phone 602/577
January 1, 19
Management

Attention Mr. John Dorney: "`-°----
We write to urge that your office deny Mrs. Janie Pace Price
certification for her plans to build a 6,100 foot long system of
bridging and causeway from sunset Beach island to Bird Island.
We believe that if the bridge system is built, and if Mrs. Price
builds her houses on the island, the nature of the Bird Island
will be altered forever. We have been annual summer residents for
34 years in a cottage on the mainland, 209 W. Canal Avenue, which
we co-own with my sister and her husband. We always loved our
visits to Bird Island: the many birds, the lovely marshes, the
wonderful isolated beach, and the beautiful barren island itself.
We subscribe to the Brunswick Beacon, and have read the story in
the Dec. 17 issue "Corps Seeking Comment on Bird Island
'Proposal." We have seen a video tape of the Stateline TV
on the Island. We are members of the Bird Island Preserprogram
vation
"society, and the Save the Bridge Group. So our interest in the
-area is strong.
We hope that the state will find the means to
purchase Bird
Island from Mrs. Price and retain it as a wild life sanctuary.
I,f' your;office certifies the Price plans to build the bridge and
a$eway the impact on the adjacent marshes and waters will, we
.elieve, be negative. And the sanctuary
.Island will be possibility for Bird
gone everlastingly.
We think that Mrs. Price's rights as a
by the rights of the property owner are dwarfed
general public to access of the island.
moreover, the building of the bridge to the island and the
construction of houses on the island would have a devastating
effect on the wildlife, the marshes and their waters.
i
.,We are ,optimistic that you will deny any certification of Mrs.
Pri.ce''s.plans. We believe that your evaluation of the
probale
of the execution of the plans on the environment will
.indicate that the wild life and marshes as they currently exist
would, be destroyed. So we urge your office to deny any
,t c
certification to Mrs. Price to build the bridge and causeway.
Margaret .W'lson
FILE:ENVIRON.NC
Georg P. i son
rr
,,,?o : John Dorney f-? --'
Planning Branch D l..?
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT JUL 8
a
CAMA MAJOR PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW
PROJECT NAME : Janie Pace Price WATER un_.!i! ??
COUNTY: Brunswick Project #: 92-(T8-1
STREAM OR ADJACENT WATER BODY: Atlantic Ocean, Mad Inlet
CLASS: SB, SA
OPEN OR CLOSED: Closed
STORMWATER PLAN REQ'D: Yes
IF YES, DATE APPROVED:
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The applicant proposes to construct three
bridges totaling 2300 linear feet and highground causeway
totaling 3770 linear feet. Total impervious surface area created
would total 210,220 sq. ft. or 4.8 acres. The construction of
the causeway will result in the filling of approximately .22
acres of wetlands, 2000 q. ft. of which is below MHW. Future
development plans in 15 single family residences, and a
community pier.
REVIEWER: Gregso NT NOTICE: Yes
DATE APP. RECD: 9 /0 3 RECOMMENDATION: Other
RETURNED: (ISSUE/DENY/OTHER)
RESUBMITTED:
INITIAL REPORT
FINAL.REPORT: 92/07/02
WATER QUALITY CERT. (401)
CERT. REQ'D: Yes
IF YES, TYPE: Individual
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
TYPE OF DISPOSAL PROPOSED: Proposed individual septic systems
(EXISTING, PROPOSED, SEPTIC TANK ETC.)
TO BE.PERMITTED BY: County
(DEM, DHS, COUNTY)
IF BY DEM,.IS SITE AVAILABLE AND PERMIT ISSUANCE PROBABLE: N/A
WATER/WETLAND FILL
AREA OF FILL: WATER: N/A
WETLAND: 10,018 sq. ft.
IS FILL ELIMINATING A SIGNIFICANT USE? Yes
DREDGING
IS DREDGING ACTIVITY EXPECTED TO CAUSE A SIGNIFICANT LOSS
OF RESOURCE? N/A
IS SPOIL DISPOSAL ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED? N/A
MARINA
ARE THE FOLLOWING ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED?
SEWAGE DISPOSAL: N/A
MARINA SERVICES: N/A
OXYGEN IN BASIN: N/A
CLOSURE OF SHELLFISHING WATERS: N/A
(ATTACH A MARINA USE ATTAINABILITY EVAL.)
s

92081.Jul
Page Two
RECOMMENDED CONDITIONS OR PERMIT RESTRICTIONS:
The project as proposed would result in the loss of .23
acres of salt marsh. This loss would result in the removal of an
existing use in violation of 15A NCAC 2B .0201. The applicant is
proposing compensatory mitigation for this loss by creating new
wetlands from one of the upland spoil areas. No detailed plan
has been submitted. Prior to any compensatory mitigation the
applicant should first demonstrate that wetland impacts have been
minimized. It would appear that the applicant could reduce or
eliminate the impacts to wetland areas by reducing the road width
in these areas. It is unclear why a 26' wide road is needed to
access a private island when the driving surface of the three
bridges is only 13.5'.
The project must comply with stormwater runoff regulations
(15A NCAC 2H .1000) and should have an approved stormwater
management plan prior to issuance of the CAMA Permit.
JHG:92081.Jul
cc: Central Files
Wilmington Regional Office Files
ISCM-Brooks

r
P
??auwvw'•
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
James G. Martin, Governor
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary
June 26, 1992
TO: Dr. George T. Everett, Director
Division of Environmental Management
FROM: John R. Parker, Jr., Chief
Major Permits Processing Section
SUBJECT: CAMA/Dredge & Fill Application Review
Applicant: Janie Pace Price
Roger N. Schecter
Director
Project Location: Bird Island, adjacent Atlantic Ocean, between Madd Inlet and Little
River Inlet, Brunswick County.
Proposed Project: The applicants propose the construction of three bridges (totaling
2300 LF) and road construction (totaling 3770 Lf) to access Bird
Island from Sunset Beach.
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and
return this form by July 17, 1991. If you have any questions regarding the proposed
project, please contact Ed Brooks at extension 247. When appropriate, in-depth
comnents iw t supporting data are requested.
------------------------------ ---------- --
REPLY This agency has no objection to the project as proposed.
This agency has no continent on the proposed project.
This agency approves of the project, only if the recolYnnended
changes are incorporated. See attached.
This agency objects to the project for reasons described in the
attached continents.
Signed cl'f At" Date D ?---?
412Cardinal Drive Extension • Wilmingto , North Carolina 28405-3845 • Telephone [phone] • Fax [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
FIELD INVESTIGATION REPORT
1. Applicants name Janie Pace Price
2. Location of project site Bird Island, adjacent Atlantic Ocean, between Mad
Inlet and Little River Inlet, Brunswick County.
PHOTO INDX: 1989: 193-3,4.5,6 1984: Partial 7-61
STATE PLANE COORDINATES: X: Not Available Y:
3. Investigation type: Dredge & Fill X CAMA X
4. Investigative procedure: (A) Dates of site visit 2-18-92 5-15-92 6-8-92
(B) Was applicant present _yes es no
5. Processing procedure: Application received June 22,1992 Office WiRO
6. Site description: (A) Local Land Use Plan Sunset Beach
Land Classification from LUP Conservation
(B) AEC(s) involved: Ocean Hazard X Estuarine Shoreline X
Coastal Wetlands X Public Trust Waters X
Estuarine Waters X Other
(C) Water dependent: Yes X No Other
(D) Intended use: Public Private X Commercial
(E) Type of waste water treatment: Existing None
Planned Individual septic tank systems.
(F) Type of structures: Existing None (Remnants of old pier, causeway, and bridge
Planned 15 single-familv residences, community pier, causeway road, 3 bridges
(G) Estimated annual rate of erosion 2 ft/yr Source DCM-Estimated Long
Term Annual Erosion
Rate Maps p. 1 of 14
7. Habitat description: AREA
Dredged Filled Other
(A) Vegetated wetlands:
(B) Non-vegetated wetlands:
(C) Other:
Highground Causeway
(D) Total Area Disturbed:
(E) PRIMARY NURSERY AREA:
.23 acres
cres
4.0 acres-
2400' x 16' Bridge
2400
coverage
.88 acres
4.23 acres .88 acres
YES X NO
(F) WATER CLASSIFICATION: SB SA OPEN: YES NO X
8. Project Summary The applicants propose the construction of three bridges (totaling
2300 LF) and road construction (totaling 3770 IF) to access Bird Island from
Sunset Beach.
-9.14 'PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Bird Island is a small undeveloped barrier island located in the southwest
corner of Brunswick County west of Sunset Beach, between Mad Inlet and South
Carolina's, Little River Inlet. The application lists 1200 acres for the area
of the entire tract. However, consulting with representatives of the North
Carolina Attorney General's Office which is currently reviewing the submerged
land claim for the property, indicates that it is unlikely that property below
the MHW contour would be considered under private ownership. The high ground
area of the island is approximately eighty-five (85) acres. To the south, the
Atlantic Ocean borders the island's beach strand which is approximately a mile
in length. The frontal and primary dune system associated with the oceanfront,
reaches elevations of thirty (30) feet, and appears as a straight line parallel
to the ocean. This is undoubtedly remnant of the erosion escarpment resulting
from the storm surge of Hurricane Hugo in 1989. Accumulations of wind deposited
sand have since tapered the vertical face of the waterward toe of the dune
system. A zone of juvenile dunes, 60-80 feet wide, affronts the primary dune
system along the entire length of the beach strand. These emerging dunes
support a variety of vegetation. Species observed include: Bitter Panecum, Sea
Rocket, and Sea Oats. A zone of relatively level, unvegetated beach, (60-80 feet
wide), lies between mean high water and the juvenile dune system.
Landward of the frontal/primary dune system, secondary dunes and sand ridges
are formed. Along the western end of the island, this area narrows, ranging
from approximately 150-600 feet, between frontal dunes and estuarine wetlands
adjacent to Bonneparts Creek, and extends approximately 2000 feet into South
Carolina. The eastern end of the island adjacent to Mad Inlet is even narrower,
averaging only 150 feet between ocean dune crests and estuarine wetlands. The
vegetation on these secondary dunes is primarily sea oats, yucca, cactus, and
other dune grasses, with some woody shrubs, including: marsh elder (Iva
imbicata) , eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimfolia), and wax myrtle. The two
estuarine embayments behind these narrow beach strands at either end of the
island exhibit similar characteristics. Both are fed by small tidal creeks.
Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) borders the creek's regularly flooded
hydrologic perimeters. Broad borders, up to 600 feet wide, of irregularly
flooded, mixed coastal wetland vegetation then transitions to high ground. This
vegetation pattern was observed through out the majority of the estuarine
adjacent sides of Bird Island, as well as, portions of the old causeways. These
broad borders of mixed coastal wetlands invariably included: -Spartina
alterniflora, Salicornia spp., Limonium spp., Distichlis spicata, Borricia
fruetesines, and Spartina patens. A few small areas of Juncus roemarianus were
also observed.
The central section of the island constitutes the majority of the highground
area, approximately 55-60 acres. Here, the depth of the island from the ocean
ranges from.., approximately 800 to 1900 feet. The area of secondary dunes and
sand ridges transitions into very dense maritime thicket. vegetation becomes
more diversified, including specimens of numerous perinials such as, Smilax,
blackberry, poison ivy, as well as, lobldly pine, live oak and red cedar.
However maritime forest resources are not extensive, and maritime shrub thicket
is the predominate vegetation community of the islands interior. Topographic
variation. creates numerous pockets of low-lying non-tidal wet areas. The old
causeway joins the northeast corner of the island and extends approximately 1250
feet into the saltmarsh behind Mad Inlet. The eastern end of this section of
causeway (approximately 450-470 feet) has significantly eroded, allowing the
reestablishment of coastal wetland conditions. Spartina alterniflora, Limon
ium
slop., Salicornia slop., and Suaeda maritima, were observed in these eroded areas.
A small tidal creek that has breached the old causeway alignment creates the
physical separation (Approximately 80 feet) between the highground areas of
causeways #3 and #2. Causeway #2 extends another 310 feet eastward where it

adjoins the broad expanse of sandflats, overwash fans and saltmarsh behind Madd
inlet. The average elevation of these sections is approximately 7 1/2 feet
along the old causeway alignment. To the northeast, some 1740 linear feet,
lies the largest of the three existing causeway sections. It is approximately
1580 feet long and elevations average 10 feet. The area above MW of this
section of causeway is approximately 15 acres. There are remnants 'of the old
bridge abutments on it's eastern end, and the bridge pilings are still visible
extending into the marsh and creek between the causeway and Sunset Beach,
Vegetation is more diverse on this larger section of causeway and includes
numerous shrubs including wax myrtle, eastern Baccharis and marsh elder. All
of the sections of causeway were originally created by filling over the
saltmarsh. Broad plateaus of irregularly flood mixed coastal wetlands border
areas of the causeway perimeters where deposition of fill material altered the
original marsh elevations.
Extensive regularly flooded saltmarshes and numerous associated shallow
tidal creeks comprise the majority (approximately 1100 acres) of the area,
between the north side of the island and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.
Bonneparts Creek is the largest water-course through this area. It exhibits an
average width of 200-250 feet as it meanders through the marsh from the AIWW,
expanding to greater than 500 feet wide where it intersects with Little River
Inlet along the north western end of Bird Island. Bonneparts Creek and it's
tributaries constitute a primary hydrologic influence in the water exchange
system supporting the estuary between Bird Island and the AIWW. To the east,
Mad Inlet constitutes the other major influence in the area's hydrology. At the
ocean, Mad Inlet channel is located adjacent to Bird Island and is only 30-40
feet wide and 6-18 inches deep at MIN. However, the inlet area between the
vegetatively stabilized portions of Bird Island and Sunset Beach is
approximately 2500 feet. This area is very dynamic, and although the western
end of Sunset Beach appears to be building and migrating toward Bird Island, the
extensive sand flats and overwash fans which extend 1200 to 2000 feet inland are
evidence of the constantly changing nature of the inlet delta. Mad Inlet
channel bends east behind the narrow, elongated strand at the west end of Sunset
Beach until it reaches the north/south oriented shoreline along town limits.
The channel is very shallow, and shoaled throughout. In the project area, at
the bridge crossing, the open water area is approximately 120 feet at high
water. At low water the creek is only 30-60 feet wide with depths of 1 1/2-2
feet in the channel adjacent to the Sunset Beach side of the creek.
The Atlantic Ocean is classified as SB, and all other waters in the project
area are classified SA, by the NC Division of Environmental Management. The SA
classed waters are closed to the harvesting of shellfish. The estuarine waters
in the project area are designated as primary nursery area by the NC Division
of Marine Fisheries. The long term average annual erosion rate along the
oceanfront of Bird Island is two (2) feet per year. The Federal Emergency
Management' Agency, National Flood Insurance rate map lists the island's base
flood elevation varying between 15-20 feet, and the entire island is within the
velocity zone. Bird Island is included in the federal Registry of the Coastal
Barrier Resources Act, which prohibits the expenditures of federal funds or
subsidies for development on coastal barriers included in the Coastal Barrier
Resource System.
The applicants are proposing to access Bird Island by replacing the bridge
(440LF) over Mad Inlet channel that originally connected Sunset Beach to. an
earthen causeway that once spanned the extensive marsh between the two islands.
The applicants propose two additional bridges (totaling 1860LF) to replace
sections of the old causeway that have overwashed and eroded away. The project
includes the construction of a road and substantial improvement of the remaining
sections of the causeway (3140LF)e This access is proposed to facilitate the
residential development of Bird Island. Fifteen lots, 4-6 acres each, are
proposed for the island. Common amenities would include two beach access
crosswalks and a community pier, with four boat slips. The final location of
roads and platting of lots have not been presented in this application, as their
placement would be dependent upon a wetlands delineation survey of the interior
of the island. The substantial financial investment to complete these extensive
studies and final details of project development will not be necessary if access
to the island cannot be obtained. The applicants are fully aware that,
prerequisite to initiation of construction, this information must be completed
and reviewed as a major permit modification, should authorization for the access
project be obtained. The bridge and causeway project to access Bird Island is
proposed as follows:
Road Construction and Causeway Improvements:
The total length of proposed road construction is 3770 linear feet. This
total includes the 630 L.F. section of road across the applicant's Sunset Beach
property, between 40th street and Mad Inlet Channel, as well as, the combined
road length (3,140LF) proposed for the three sections of existing causeway. A
road width of 26 feet is proposed, consisting of 18 feet of shell aggregate and
marl, with shoulders of crushed stone (size 57), 4 feet wide, on both sides.
The slopes of the road would be stabilized by 10 feet of rip rap (CBL-511-1511),
creating a total roadway width of 46 feet. The rip rap would be installed on
a 2:1 slope in a 12"-15" layer. The base of the rip rap would be dug into the
ground approximately 2 feet to promote infiltration of run-off. A temporary
silt fence would be installed along the delineated wetlands alignment to control
erosion and siltation during the construction process. Fill material would be
imported as necessary to raise the center crowned road finish grade to elevation
+10.5. An average depth of three (3) feet of fill material would be required
over the combined total length of the road (3140LF) proposed over three sections
of existing causeway. In section six of the permit application, the applicants
list a total of approximately 14,000 cubic yards of fill material, including rip
rap, to be utilized in the construction of the road. However, this quantity is
based on a road corridor of forty (40) feet, toe to toe, as are plan view
drawings (pp. 5-12). The road cross section detail drawing (p. 18) exhibits a
road corridor width of forty-six (46) feet, therefore fill quantities would be
increased by 15 per cent, or to approximately 16,000 cubic yards. Also, no fill
activity was proposed in conjunction with the road construction (630LF) on the
applicant's Sunset Beach property. Given the 8-10 feet elevation of the
property shown on the plan drawing (p. 5), some additional fill is anticipated
along the approach to the bridge, where proposed elevation is 13.25 feet.
Bridges:
The proposed width of all three bridges is sixteen (16) feet. The finish
asphalt surface would be 13 1/2 feet wide with concrete guardrail barriers (1'-
3" wide x'2'-9" high) on both sides. The surface elevation of the bridges would
be 13.25 feet. The body of the bridges would be sections of precast concrete
cored decking (3' wide x 30' long x 1' -3" thick). The bridges would be
supported by a series of concrete pilings and girders, spaced on thirty (30)
feet centers. Each support would consist of three concrete pilings, capped with
a concrete girder. The top of the girders would be set at elevation twelve
(12), creating a vertical clearance of seven (7) feet between MW and the bottom
of the bridge. A pipe rack, for utilities lines support, would be attached to
` the outside edge of the bridge. Utilities lines would be buried adjacent to the
road through upland areas. At the six (6) locations where the bridges intersect
highground, a concrete abutment would be constructed. The abutments would be
sixteen (16) feet wide with eight (8) feet wing walls extending landward at 45
degrees from the face of the abutment. The abutments would be sheet-pile
construction.

Bridge #1 would be constructed between Sunset Beach and causeway #1. The
bridge would be 440 feet in length, spanning Mad Inlet Channel and adjacent
marsh.
Bridge #2 would be 1740 feet in length, constructed between causeway #1 and
#2. It would span the sand flats and associated marsh behind Mad Inlet.
There are two small creek channels within this bridge alignment. The
applicants plan to span these channels by centering one of the thirty (30)
feet bridge bays over the deepest water.
Bridge #3 would be 120 feet in length, constructed between causeways #2 and
#3. It would span a shallow creek that has breached the width of the old
causeway. The small creek is virtually dry at MLW.
Wetland Fill:
The applicants have completed an extensive wetland delineation survey for
the Bird Island Access project area, which is currently pending approval by the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The wetlands line on the application drawings
(pp. 5-12) has been transcribed from that survey. The applicants propose to
fill approximately .20 acres (Note: This figure would be .23 acres utilizing
a 46 ft. roadway width) of wetlands along the eastern perimeter of causeway #3.
The proposed roadway has been realigned to utilize the maximum existing upland
area. The eight (8) areas (p. 11) proposed to be filled, include approximately
2000 square feet below MHW. The applicants propose to mitigate the wetland loss
by creating new wetlands from one of the upland spoil areas created by the
original causeway construction. Substantial areas adjacent to the old causeway
would be available for this activity, however, no detailed compensatory
mitigation plan has been submitted. Such a plan would be submitted should
authorization be obtained for the wetland fill.
It should be noted, that, during field inspection of the wetland delineation
line of the access project area, the highground widths at the ends of the
causeway sections were not adequate to support the construction of the proposed
46 feet wide roadway. These areas include; 30 feet at the west end of causeway
#1, 90 feet at the east end and 139 feet at the west end of causeway #2, and of
coarse, the proposed wetland fill area of causeway #3.
10. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS
The most obvious impact associated with the proposed project would be the
residential development of the eighty-five acre barrier island, which is
currently in a relatively natural state. However, the applicant's proposed low
density of one single-family unit per five acres, is less impacting on the
environment than numerous other development options.
The proposed filling of wetlands to reestablish eroded areas of causeway #3
would cause to be consumed approximately .23 acres (10,018 square feet) of
coastal wetlands. Approximately 2000 square feet would be below MHW, consisting
of Spartina alterniflora (±800 square feet) and intertidal sand flats. The
remaining square footage (±8000 square feet) would be irregularly flooded
coastal wetlands consisting primarily of Saliconia spp., Limonium spp., Sbartina
patens, and Borrichia frutesens. Additional consumption of irregularly flooded
coastal wetlands (±2300 square feet) is anticipated on causeways #1 and #2,
utilizing the proposed roadway width of 46 feet, toe to toe. The construction
of the road on causeways #1 #2 and #3, would create 81,640 square feet of
impervious surface and associated stormwater run-off adjacent to estuarine
waters. The finish elevations of both causeway (+10.5 feet) and bridges (+13.25
feet) are lower than the predicted 100-year storm flood elevation and would be
¢usceptible to erosion damage andVor submersion during major storm surges.
•e construction of the three bridges should not alter the current water
exchange pattern in the mad Inlet system. The bridges will, however, restrict
• the navigation in Mad Inlet channel to seven (7) feet vertical clearance at MM.
t.
Submitted by: E.F. Brooks 'Date: 06-10-92 office:. Wilmington
a?
F

I N.
I _

M-

3:w''s N t

ill V
Please type orprint. Carefully describe all anticipated
development activities, including construction, excava-
tion, filling, paving, land clearing, and stormwater con-
trol. If the requested information is not relevant to your
project, write N/A (not applicable). Items I-4 and 8-9
must be completed for all projects.
1 APPLICANT
a. Name JAN I E PACE PRICE
Address 1801 CARLISLE ROAD
City GREENSBORO State
N. C.
Zip 27408 Day phone [phone]
* Landowner or Authorized agent
b. Project name (if any) B I RD I SLAND BR I DGE AND
CAUSEWAY REPLACEMENT
C.
If the applicant is not the landowner, also give the
owner's name and address. *AUTHOR I ZED AGENTS:
CHARLES E; DAV IS-, P. EQ, (919/763-01141)1: HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
805 NORTH THIRD STREET, WILMINGTON,-NC 28401
OR . ;._ .._...
JOHN __R, OXENFELD,_ ArA, ;ARCFTTTECT T{
P. 0. BOX 422, WILMINGTON, NC 28402`'
2 LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT
a. Street address or secondary road number
BIRD ISLAND NORTH CAROLINA
b. City, town, community, or landmark
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
2,300 LF TOTAL LENGTH OF BRIDGES
3,140 LF,TOTAL LENGTH OF CAUSEWAY
If you plan to build a marina, also complete and
attach Form DCM-MP-2.
b. Is the proposed activity maintenance of an
existing project, new work, or both?
REPLACEMENT OF A BRIDGE AND CAUSEWAY
c. Will the project be for community, private, or
commercial use?
PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT
d. Describe the planned use o ?
ACCESS TO BIRD ISLAND R I P-MMT
LILA APR 21
4 LAND AND WATEEOASTAL MANAGEMENT .
CHARACTERISTICS
LAND: 85-ACRES; MARSH: 1,100 ACRES
a. Size of entire tract SPO I L• 15 ACRES TOTAL: 1.200 ACRES
15 LOTS, 4 TO 6 ACRES EACH
b. Size of individual lot(S) . (M I N I MUM: 4 ACRES)
c. Elevation of tract above mean sea level or
National Geodetic Vertical Datum
VARIABLE; 3.2' TO 24.4' MLW
d. Soil type(s) and texture(s) of tract BOH I CKET S I LTY CLAY
LOAM NEWHAN FINE SAND NEWHAN FINE SAND DREDGED
e. Vegetation on tract PINES, CEDARS, WAX MYRTLES ,_
YAUPON AND OTHER TYPICAL COASTAL SHRUBS AND PLANTS
f.
Man-made features now on tract RA I LROAD CAUSEWAY BED;
REMNANTS OF OLD PIER; UNIMPROVED TRAILS
What is the CAMA Land Use Plan Classification of
the site? (Consult the local land use plan.)
c. County BRUNSWICK 9-
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
;jurisdiction? YES
e. Name of body of water nearest project
ATLANTIC OCEAN
3 DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
a. Describe all development activities you propose (for
example, building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead,
or pier). REPLACEMENT OF A BRIDGE, CAUSEWAY, AND
WATER ACCESS PIER TO SUPPORT FUTURE RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT OF BIRD ISLAND
X Conservation Transitional
Developed Community
Rural Other
IL How is the tract zoned by local government?
NOT ZONED
i. How are adjacent waters classified?
SA. SB
j. Hasa professional archaeological survey been
carried out for the tract? NO If so, by whom?
1

5 UPLAND DEVELOPMENT
Complete this section if the project includes any land
development. (VERY LOW DENSITY SINGLE FAMILY LOTS)
a. Type and number of buildings, facilities, or
StruCtureSpropoSed NONE BY DEVELOPER
b. Number of lots or parcels 15
c. Density (Give the number of residential units and the
units per acre.) ONE PER 4 TO 6 ACRES
d. Size of area to be graded or disturbed CAUSEWAY
AREA ONLY: 2.9 ACRES
e. If the proposed project will disturb more than one
acre of land; the Division of Land Resources must
receive an erosion and sedimentation control plan at
least 30 days before land disturbing activity begins.
If applicable, has a sedimentation and erosion
control plan been submitted to the Division of Land
Resources? NO
f. -Give the percentage of the tract within 75 feet of
mean high water to be covered by impermeable
surfaces, such as pavement, buildings, rooftops.
APPROXIMATELY 2.2 PERCENT -
g. List the materials, such as marl, paver stone, asphalt,
or concrete, to be used for paved surfaces.
MARL, EXCEPT FOR BRIDGE SURFACES WHICH WILL BE
CONCRETE
IL -If applicable, has a stormwater management plan
been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Management? NONE REQUIRED. LESS THAN 10% OF
LAND AREA WILL-BE WANY STRUCTURE OR HARDENED
i. ff0c?e proposed sewage disposal and/or waste
water treatment facilities.
INDIVIDUAL SEPTIC TANKS ON MINIMUM 4-ACRE LOTS.
j. Have these facilities received state or local approval?
NO; TO BE OBTAINED BY INDIVIDUAL HOMEOWNER/
BUILDER WHEN APPROPRIATE
k. Describe existing treatment facilities.
N/A
L Describe location and type of discharges to waters of
---the state (for example, surface runoff, sanitary
wastewater. industrial/commercial effluent, "wash
down"). SOILS ARE GRANULAR AND HIGHLY ABSORBENT.
SHELL/MARL ROADS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED WITH ROADSIDE
SWALES TO CATCH ANY SURFACE RUNOFF TO FACILITATE
INFILTRATION/ABSORPTION. THE MINIMAL RUNOFF FROM
BRIDGE SURFACES WILL DISCHARGE OVERBOARD OVER WIDELY
DISPERSED AREA. RUNOFF FROM DWELLINGS WILL BE
INFILTRATED ON LOTS.
III. Water sdpply source SUNSET BEACH MUNICIPAL SYSTEM
n. If the project is oceanfront development, describe
the steps that will be taken to maintain established
public beach accessways or provide new access.
PUBLIC ACCESS RIGHTS OF WAY AND DUNE CROSS-OVER
STRUCTURES WILL BE PROVIDED; MINIMUM PARKING ALSO
(SEE SKETCHES)
o. If the project is on the oceanfront, what will be the
elevation above mean sea 1
floor? 16 FEET
. 1009
L% EXCAVATION AND FILL
INFORMATION DIVISION OF T
a. Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation
or fill activities (excluding bulkheads, which are
covered in Section 7). NO ursAVAT 10 N PROPOSED. _
AREAS DESUKIbED ARE FILL ONLY. _ _-------
Total
enetn Width Depth volume
L
Ace*" Channel
(NLW) or (NWL)
boat basin
Other:
Causeway ei
causeway 02
Causeway 03
Fill placed in
wetland or below
WNW
?-SK£ICH-'?Iff11?
Upland fill areas:
Causeway a1
Causeway e2
Causeway 03
N/A 1 N/A I N/A
N/A I N/A ( N/A I
' 40' toe to toe
1,580 1
I 3' avg. 7,022 Cy
I
310 if 40' toe to toe
1
f l
3' avg. 1,377 Cy
1,250 if 40 too to toe 3' avg. 5,556 cy
A 50' x 5' x 3' average - 26 y
c
a 20' x 10' x 3' avorago Cy
22
C 45' x 8' x 3' average 40 Cy
D SO' x 10' x 3' average 66 cy
E 40' x 16' x 3' average 67 cy
F 80' x 14' x 3' average 125 cy
0 40' x 8' x 3' average 36 cY
N 60' x 40' x 3' average 267 cy
1,580 if 40' too to U. 3' avg. I 7,022 cy
I
310 if I
40' toe 1. toe avg. 1,377 cy
1.106 if 40' toe 1 toe 3' avg. 4,915 Cy
Note: Total volumes of fill include areas to
be treated with riprap. -
b. Amount of material to be excavated from below
water level in cubic yards NONE
c. Type of material N/A
d. Does the area to be excavated include marshland,
swamps, or other wetlands? _--
N/A
e. High ground excavation, in cubic yards
. NONE

1"
f. Dimensions of spoil disposal area
N/A
g. Location of spoil disposal area N/A
h. Do you claim title to the disposal area? N/A
If not, attach a letter granting permission from the
owner.
i.
j•
k-
1.
M.
n.
o.
P-
Will a disposal area be available for
maintenance? N/A
If so, where? N/A
c. Shoreline erosion during preceding 12 months, in
feet N/A
d. Type of bulkhead material N/A
e. Amount of fill, in cubic yards, to be placed below
mean high water NONE
f. Type of fill material N/A
8 4)WDITIONAL INFORMATION
APR Q 1 iVVz
Does the disposal area include any marshland, In addition to the completed application form, the follow-
swamps, or water areas?
N/A DIVISION OFng items must be submitted:
_ GEMEJ
Will the fill material be placed below mean high k copy of the deed (with state application only) or other
water? NO instrument under which the applicant claims title to the
Amount of fill in cubic yards NONE affected property. If the applicant is not claiming to be
the owner of said property, then forward a copy of the
Type of fill material N/A deed or other instrument under which the owner claims
title, plus written permission from the owner to carry out
Source of fill material N/A the project. -
Will fill material be placed on marsh or other
wetlands? YES, ALONG THE OLD CAUSEWAY WHERE WET-THE CAUSEWAY LANDS HAVE TT U?q- NN LIMITS. MITI
A-
LLON BYiC HS 1?JUTE etQnd V be fffaESTED.
SEE-SECTION 6A HEREIN..
q. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site
and erosion controlled?
GRASSING AND PLANTING% TEMPORARY SILT BARRIER;
ALONG EDGES AND COVER WITH STONE RIPRAP ON EDGE
OF CAUSEWAY
r. What type of construction equipment will be used
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic
dredge)? PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT, BACKHOE,
MOTOR GRADER
s. Wrll wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment
to project site? No If yes, explain steps that will
be taken to lessen environmental impacts.
CONSTRUCTION ACCESS WILL BE MADE FROM THE OLD
CAUSEWAY FOR DRIVING PILES FOR THE BRIDGE REPLACE-
MENT. ALSO, EQUIPMENT WILL BE MOVED TO THE WEST
END OF THE ISLAND BY BARGE.
7 SHORELINE STABILIZATION
RIPRAP TO BE USED ON
a. Length of bulkhead or n'gDapOT FOR SHORE STABILIZ
EDGE OF CAUSEWAY ONLY AN N
b. Average distance waterward of mean high water or
normal water level N/A
An accurate work plat (including plan view and cross
sectional drawings) drawn to scale in black ink on an 8
1/2 x 11 white paper. (Refer to Coastal Resources
Commission Rule 7J.0203 for a detailed description.)
Please note that original drawings are preferred and
only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue-line
prints or other larger plats are acceptable only if 16 high
quality copies are provided by applicant. (Contact the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding that agency's
use of larger drawings.) A site or location map is a part
of plat requirements and it must be sufficiently detailed
to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the
site. Include county road (SR) numbers, landmarks, and
the like.
A stormwater management plan, if applicable, that
may have been developed in consultation with the
Division of Environmental Management.
- A list of the names and complete addresses of the ad-
- jacent waterfront (riparian) landowners. These in-
dividuals have 30 days in which to submit comments on
the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Manage-
ment and should be advised by the applicant of that op-
Porrunity?_T I ON.
M e

• TO ISLAND
South: ATLANTIC OCEAN
West: WALTER M. STANALAND ESTATE, INC.
Route 7, Box 294
Shallotte, NC 28459
North: MYRDITH MCCLATHERY
Real Estate Officer
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
P. O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
ZA&I: MANNON C. GORE
c/o Sunset Beach do Twin Lakes
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
40TH STREET LOT
North:- RICHARD D. & GWENDOLYN T. TUCHEK
186 Cantiberry Drive
Salisbury, NC 28144
JOHN M. A SHIRLEY SIMPSON
Route 2, Box 61D
Indian Trail, NC 28079
SAMUEL-W., II & SOPHIE ANDREWS
1405 Inlet Drive
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
THOMAS H. UNDERWOOD, JR.,-ET UX
3911 Brixton Lane
Durham, NC 27707
RICHARD 8 ELINOR ELLIS
P. 0. Box 64
Changewater, NJ 07831
FLOYD E., JR. do MARGARET WILLIAMS
501 Black Horse Run
Fort Mill, SC 29715
H. MICHAEL BRAZEAL
1413 Inlet Street
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
ROBERT THOMAS, ET UX
Route 1, Box 12A
Ridgeway, SC 29130
F. ROY THIGPEN
P. O. Box 809
Whiteville, NC 28472
South: ROBERT M. DOSTER
Brook Drive
Lancaster, SC 29720
Z AJ: SUNSET BEACH A TWIN LAKES
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
40th Street: TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
401 South Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Beach, NC 28468
(Certified Mail receipts attached)
A list of previous state or federal permits issued
for work on the project tract. Include permit num-
bers, persittee, and issuing dates.
9 CERTIFICATION AND PERMISSION
TO ENTER ON LAND
Any permit issued in response to this application will
allow only the development described in the application.
The project will be subject to conditions and restrictions
contained in the permit.
I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the proposed
activity complies with the State of North Carolina's ap-
proved Coastal Management Program and will be con-
ducted in a manner consistent with such program.
I further certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in
fact, grant permission to representatives of state and
federal review agencies to enter on the aforementioned
lands in connection with evaluating information related
to this permit application and follow-up monitoring of
project.
T11iS is 10TH da I L 19 92 .
X
& UZW? Authorized aJgent.
+
1K
APR 21 1992 -
U
DIVISION OF -
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
^A check for $250 made payable to the Department of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources to cover
the costs of processing the application. h,
A signed AEC Lazard notice for projects in
oceanfront and inlet areas.
A statement on the use of public funds. If the
project involves the expenditure of public funds,
:attach a statement documenting compliance with the
North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (N.C.G.S.
113A-1 to 10).
e ? 3 I eYt a 5 Cast=e \
t 76 18 , ` 4 Riegelwood Hayne Scotts Hill
130 6 7 )q d Acme * g 1 Si..O Miic -2'
Hill sDowZa 214 4'*;
Bolton Freeman Delco N 1S H A 0
ro Gord had .;n Waccama"ake sX Pho%Rix
1 Brunswick ?t(accamau• .0 Maco 4 6 ?F v?? ?i ??m?? ? 17
C 12 O 10 L 13o U M • U S 7 Le and vile;,1 3' ,?? 4 N
C
ow 1 V ]4 . ArrIM
Grove Lake Waccoie
410 701 Q-' State Pork 9 3 i 70 2 • Re.
Irendon 7 r . 6 55 No i. •? 4 ?n Wri1
Carolina M U
7 Sc ulkens Bishop 1 Battleshio i 132 j Regio'
)9 J Sidney dhd _ 4 Town Cre a M.nroriol 421 5 Maxon&
4 Mollie Id Doc ,
1 ep o
ty O 2. r.. 211 Winnabow,
N 33
es Iron Hill Sakina g 17 87 1
6 t, B R U N S W 6 C K Carolina sea
4 50413 Bughill Orton low
lah Ash , B01ia C'rOr l Seegabreebeach Acc
LOfI\ ]-? 3 4 B 10 an Coro 6exh St.
Boiling ?,.ta„?y Carolina Beach
. (r' r 1`7 Regional Beach Acci
4 • PirewaY 7 130 Supol 7?C pring Lakes 'SUNNI
sbrook 904 !Ol 1 ` PLEASURE ISLAND
3 Shallatte-, c ? ARM , - =Sure Besch
Longwood , . Smith 87 r Regional Beach Access
T 2 01 hiC 9 211 lL h. Fisher State Rec. Ana
4 Grissettown 17 r 130 sunset 5 + 133 1 21 Fr Worm"
5
Longs 7 0
? 4 T 6
Soo tCorncoke Inlet
1 ,• easid 904 t ZOn
Cal bash= Holden 4or each Yaupon
Little. , • 7 oij Beach tcy P Beach Caswell.' SMITH ISLAND
River Ocean Isle
Wai Ca»tOLL 9 ii(•••?j- N Beach
p?i?? p 9Q?
or ??.? °Sunset os6 Beach tALD HEAD ISLAND
Myrtle Beac Beac m ?c6 UGHTHO&SF CAPE FEAR
Nixonville O erry Gro Beach _<<e?
?o cean Drive Be
a? Crescent Beach`
PROPOSED' PROJECT r
17
Myrtle Beach ` .
V (C A (NIT?f M P?
?
Scm e: 1i1= IDMIL s
- --tJ:C: oFF1?1: 141la14wsY MAP 101010
'1227-

APR 21 1992
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
,,off ww?.?w BRIDGE PER FIT APPLICATION
.? CAR
ESSIq? JANIE PACE PRICE
SEAL BIRD ISLAND. N. C.
26 81 JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.LA. ARCHITEGTI
se..:
'1y N(iINE`? ?`'! re/L"INSTON. IL C.
I`1??1 fs' E. Q ?J I HENRY VON OESEN a ASSOCIATES
? ca+slulNa et4l:tNeerts s rulNNtaes
MILMIN411"N. MMTH CAN)LINA 2??0!
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INLET AVE. (30' R\W)
630'±
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P. P. 8.4
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9.0
NEW ROAD
JANIE PACE PRICE
r
PROPERTY LINE
ROBERT M. DOSTER
0 so 100
SCALE IN FEET 1"•100'
. I I
GROUND ELEVATIONS
x i?.18
P. P.
APR 21 1We
I DIVISION OF
COASTA_l. MANAGNEff
- - _ ? I TOWN OF
I?
I SUNSET BEACH
ICI
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I=I ? ,
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I = 8.31 /
/
I
I I BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
I I FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
I JOHN R. OXENFELO, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
VALMINOTON. N. C. 2*4=
I I (0 HENRY VON OESEN do ASSOCIATES
??J . OM M MC ENOMM t MW OS 7M MMGTOK 4-C.
PRO&= : 9118 DATE : 4/10/92 5 .1 20
Joe No. 3858
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PRICE GORE
APPROXIMATE LOTION \ - - -
MHW LINE \ INLET AVENUE
,1(I, \ 6301
WETLANDS \\ 440, BRIDGE
\\ CREEK\ \ } ?o
5801 AUSEWA'( #1 \
\ x 9.4
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION ?A ?\
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WETLANDS
• APR 21 1992 \ \
DIVISION OF \ \
COAS_TA_L MANAGEMEIitT
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW BIRD ISLAND, SC
JOHN R. OXENFELO, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
VALMINOTON. N. 0. 28402
0 56 100 ((?? HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
U i:ONSUTANC ENCMcERS t t`!AN!IFRS MlW4G:0'i.- V.C.
SCALE IN FEET i'-100' P*OECT : w18 DATE : 4/10/92 a OF 20
,100 NO. 3858

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APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
ETLANDS `?M11 = _
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9 • ? ,III,
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PRICE
APR 21 195+'[
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
0 50 100
Min"
SCALE IN FEET 1'-700'
O
GORE
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
IMLMINOTON. N. C. 2"02
n HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
l J zgAMjW EmMER5 t PLKW-RS *UA14Gi0N. Y.G.
PROJECT : 9118 DATE : 4/10/92 7 OF 20
oe No. 3asa
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION 6
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,III, PPIROXIMATE LOCATION MHW LINE
APR 21 X1992
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
DIVISION OF FOR
COASTAL MANAGEMEN JANIE PACE PRICE
-. BIRD ISLAND, NC
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
VMWINOTON. N. C. 29402
0 50 100 J HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
:Ox5UUY1G EMQIc'ERS k PW11M 1NUY4C7m Y.C
SCALE IN FEET 1'•100• PRO&= : 9118 DATE : +/10/92 8 or m
Joe No. 3858
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EDGE GRASS
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x 4.1 APR 21 1992
DIVISION OF
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= = WETLANDS
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0 50 100
SCALE IN PEST 1*-IW \
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW.
PROPOSED BRIDGE
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
,?IrBIRD ISLAND. NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
VMLLIN=0". N. C. 204=
0 HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
CM5Vi7NC FW,&-US k PUWMF375 VA.W400N. N.C.
PROJECT : 0f! DALE : 4/+0/92 9 0i m
Jos No. 3858

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WETLANDS LIMIT x 4.3
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APPROXIMATE LOCATIO
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+ APR 1 1992
X11,•\ ?*,%rOLD P P. +s' ,III, ,?I1,
= N'' DIVISION OF
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BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
- FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
0 50 100 w?UwNOtoN. N. 0. 2904
SCALE IN FEET 1'-too' ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW 1(---'HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
l? AC=T" EMGMEMS t RAMMQtS ALMMION. N.C.
PROJECT : 9116 DATE : 4/10/92 10 OF 20
I JOS NO. 3858

APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
5
WETLANDS LIMIT
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,111,
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
APR 21 1992
WETLANDS LIMIT
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
AREAS A THRU H ARE POSSIBLE
ENCROACHMENTS INTO WETLANDS
- --SE:-6;A FOR51ZES,
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW %"LMNOTON• N. C- 2&402
0 50 100 0 HENRY YON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
CONSATM ENEKERS t PLQDWM MLW4GTON. N.G.
SCALE IN FEET T'-IOO' PROJECT : MIS DATE : ?/T0/92 IT OF 20
JOB NO. 3838
4
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION \?Ir,
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EDGE OF CAUSEWAY \???,
\1i1/
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A 21 1992
x 18.3 8.8 ????, APPROXIMATE
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0®X END OF I
CAUSEWAY PROPOSED 8.5 BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
UNDER THIS PERMIT /i ``I?? FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
--/8.3 - - BIRD ISLAND, NC
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T \1 I, JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
WILMINGTON. N. C. 20402
\1 ? 1,
0 '50 100 = = n HENRY VON OESEN do ASSOCIATES
&j I COMSU',1MG OKKU S t PLWOS Y"4GTON. N.G
SCALE IN FEET t--100' ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLWCr ; 1"1e WIT : 4,110/92 1 12 OF 20
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JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A_ ARCHITEC
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?leas: type or print. Carefully describe all anticipated
ievelopment activities, including construction, excava-
ion, filling, paving, land clearing, and stormwater con-
sol. If the requested information is not relevant to your
?roject, write N/A (not applicable). Items 1-4 and 8-9
must be completed for all projects.
1 APPLICANT
a. Name JAN I E PACE PRICE
Address
1801 CARLISLE ROAD
City GREENSBORO
Zip 27408 Day phone
Landowner or _
919/274-8473
Authorized agent
b. Project name (if any) BIRD ISLAND BRIDGE AND
CAUSEWAY REPLACEMENT
c. If the applicant is not the landowner, also give the
.ow-per's name and address. *AUTHORIZED AGENTS:
CHARLES E: DAVIS, P. E'"(919/763-01411'_ ;.
HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
805 NORTH THIRD STREET, WILMINGTON, NC 28401 - "
OR
JOHN R. OXENFELD,:ArA, ARCHTTECT' <
P. 0. BOX 422, WILMINGTON, NC 28402'
2 LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT
2,300 LF TOTAL LENGTH OF BRIDGES
3,140 LF TOTAL LENGTH OF CAUSEWAY
If you plan to build a marina, also complete and
attach Form DCM .'YM-2.
b. Is the proposed activity maintenance of an
existing project, new work, or both?
REPLACEMENT OF A BRIDGE AND CAUSEWAY
c. Will the project be for community, private, or
commercial use?
PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT
d. Describe the planned use o
ACCESS TO BIRD ISLAND '" i e
APR N i
BiVi?!elri
4 LAND AND WATEEbASTAL MANAGEMENT.
CHARACTERISTICS
LAND: 85 ACRES; MARSH: 1,100 ACRES
a. Size of entire tract SPOIL: 15 ACRES TOTAL: 1,200 ACRES
15 LOTS, 4 TO 6 ACRES EACH
b. Size of individual lot(s) (MINIMUM: 4 ACRES)
C. Elevation of tract above mean sea level or
National Geodetic Vertical Datum
VARIABLE; 3.2' TO 24.4' MLW
d. Soil type(s) and texture(s) of tract BOH I CKET SILTY CLAY
LOAM, NEWHAN FINE SAND, NEWHAN FINE SAND DREDGED
a. Street address or secondary road number
BIRD ISLAND NORTH CAROLINA e. Vegetation on tract PINES, CEDARS, WAX MYRTLES,
YAUPON AND OTHER TYPICAL COASTAL SHRUBS AND PLANTS
b. City, town, community, or landmark
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH f
c. County BRUNSWICK 9-
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
jurisdiction? YES
e. Name of body of water nearest project
ATLANTIC OCEAN
3 DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
a. Describe all development activities you propose (for
example, building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead,
or pier). REPLACEMENT OF A BRIDGE, CAUSEWAY, AND
WATER ACCESS PIER TO SUPPORT FUTURE RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT OF BIRD ISLAND
State N. C.
Man-made features now on tract RA I LROAD CAUSEWAY BED;
REMNANTS OF OLD PIER; UNIMPROVED TRAILS
What is the CAMA Land Use Plan Classification of
the site? (Consult the local land use plan.)
. X Conservation Transitional
Developed Community '
Rural Other
h. How is the tract zoned by local government?
NOT ZONED _
L How are adjacent waters classified?
SA, SB
j. Hasa professional archaeological survey been
carried out for the tract? NO If so, by whom?
40k
5 UPLAND DEVELOPMENT
Complete this section if the project includes any land
development. (VERY LOW DENSITY SINGLE FAMILY LOTS)
a. Type and number of buildings, facilities, or
structurespropoSed NONE BY DEVELOPER
b. Number of lots or parcels 15
c. Density (Give the number of residential units and the
units per acre.) ONE PER 4 TO 6 ACRES
d. Size of area to be graded or disturbed CAUSEWAY
AREA ONLY: 2.9 ACRES
e.
If the proposed project will disturb more than one
acre of land; the Division of Land Resources must
receive an erosion and sedimentation control plan at
least 30 days before land disturbing activity begins.
If applicable, has a sedimentation and erosion
control plan been submitted to the Division of Land
Resources? No
f. Give the percentage of the tract within 75 feet of
mean high water to be covered by impermeable
surfaces, such as pavement, buildings, rooftops.
APPROXIMATELY 2.2 PERCENT
INFILTRATION/ABSORPTION. THE MINIMAL RUNOFF FROM
BRIDGE SURFACES WILL DISCHARGE OVERBOARD OVER WIDELY
DISPERSED AREA. RUNOFF FROM DWELLINGS WILL BE
INFILTRATED ON LOTS.
m. Water supply source SUNSET BEACH MUNICIPAL SYSTEM
n. If the project is oceanfront development, describe
the steps that will be taken to maintain established
public beach accessways or provide new access.
PUBLIC ACCESS RIGHTS OF WAY AND DUNE CROSS-OVER
STRUCTURES WILL BE PROVIDED; MINIMUM PARKING ALSO
(SEE SKETCHES)
o. If the project is on the oceanfront, what will be the
elevation above mean sea 1 @'t??if3tb
floor'? 16 FEET l f , j ;', < I +
6 EXCAVATION AND FILL
INFORMATION DIVISION OF
a. Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation
or fill activities (excluding bulkheads, which are
covered in Section 7). NO EXCAVATION PROPOSED.
AREAS DESCKIbED ARE FILL-ONLY.
g. List the materials, such as marl, paver stone, asphalt,
or concrete, to be used for paved surfaces.
MARL, EXCEPT FOR BRIDGE SURFACES WHICH WILL BE
CONCRETE
h. If applicable, has a stormwater management plan
been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Management? NONE REQUIRED. LESS THAN 10% OF
LAND hREA WILL COVERED W /ANY STRUCTURE OR HARDENED
L I AYR proposed sewage disposal and/or waste
water treatment facilities.
INDIVIDUAL SEPTIC TANKS ON MINIMUM 4-ACRE LOTS.
j. Have these facilities received state or local approval?
NO; TO BE OBTAINED BY INDIVIDUAL HOMEOWNER/
BUILDER WHEN APPROPRIATE
k. Describe existing treatment facilities.
N/A .
1. Describe location and type of discharges to waters of
the state (for example, surface runoff, sanitary
wastewater, industrial/commercial effluent, "wash
SOILS ARE GRANULAR AND HIGHLY ABSORBENT.
SHELL/ARL ROADS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED WITH ROADSIDE
SWALES TO CATCH ANY SURFACE RUNOFF TO FACILITATE
Total
Length Width Depth volur.
Access channel
(MLW) or (NWL)
Boat basin
Other:
u
aseway st
Cseway s2
Cau
Causeway e3
Fill placed in
wetland or below
WNW
upland fill areas:
Causeway i1
Causeway e2
Causeway 03
N/A I N/A I N/A
N/A I N/A N/A
1,580 lf 40' toe to toe 3' avg. 7,022 cy
l
310 if
l 40' toe I
to toe l
3' avg. 1,377 cy
1,250 If toe to too 3' avg. 5.556 cy
A So' x 5' x 3' average 28 cy
a 20' x 10' x 3' average 22 cy
C 45' x e' x 3' average AO Cy
O 50' x 10' x 3' average 56 cy
E AO' x 15' x 3' average 67 cy
F Bo' x 1a' x 3' average 125 cy
G a0' x 8' x 3' average 36 cy
H 60' x 40' x 3' average 267 y
1,56l!lI ' toe to ' avg. 7022 y
c
310 1111 t0' toe to toe I 3' av9. 1,377 cY
T.1 o6 if 40' to to LOS 3' avg. 4.915 t
cy
Note: Total volumes of tilt include areas to
be treated with riprap.
b. Amount of material to be excavated from below
water level in cubic yards NONE
c. Type of material N/A -
d. Does the area to be excavated include marshland,
swamps, or other wetlands?
N/A
e. High ground excavation, in cubic yards
NONE
4-
Dimensions of spoil disposal area c. Shoreline erosion during preceding 12 months, in
N/A feet N/A
Location of spoil disposal area
N/A
d. Type of bulkhead material N/A
Do you claim title to the disposal area? N/A
If not attach a letter agbrantina permission from the
e. Amount of fill, in cubic yards, to be placed below
mean high water NONE
owner. b f. Type of fill material N/A
Will a disposal area be available for
maintenance? N/A
If so, where? N/A 8 DITIONAL INFORMATION
APR 21 _ }i'
Does the disposal area include any marshland, In addition to the completed application form, the follow-
swamps, or water areas? DIVISION Q Fing items must be submitted:
If1IN GEMEI.T
:. Will the fill material be placed below mean high A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other
water? NO instrument under which the applicant claims title to the
Amount of fill in cubic yards NONE affected property. If the applicant is not claiming to be
the owner of said property, then forward a copy of the
n. Type of fill material N/A deed or other instrument under which the owner claims
title, plus written permission from the owner to carry out
>. Source of fill material N/A the project.
?. Will fill material be placed on marsh or other Ian view and cross
wetlands? YES, ALONG THE OLD CAUSEWAY WHERE WEB'- accurate work plat (including, P
LANDS HWJ ENCROACHED CAUSEWAY LIMITS. M I T I GA- sectional drawings) drawn A scale in black ink on an 8
6LON BY.SUBST1TUTE PLANTI G ISfSSCaESTED.
?. unensions or Lie we and o be e 1/2 x 11 white paper. (Refer to Coastal Resources
SEE SECTION 6A HEREIN.. Commission Rule 7J.0203 for a detailed description.)
?. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site
and erosion controlled? Please note that original drawings are preferred and
GRASSING AND PLANTING; TEMPORARY SILT BARRIERS only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue-line
ALONG EDGES AND COVER WITH STONE R I PRAP ON EDGE prints or other larger plats are acceptable only if 16 high
of CAUSEWAY quality copies are provided by applicant. (Contact the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding that agency's
What type of construction equipment will be used use of larger drawings.) A site or location map is a part
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic of plat requirements and it must be sufficiently detailed
dredge)? PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT, BACKHOE,
MOTOR GRADER to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the
site. Include county road (SR) numbers, landmarks, and
Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment the like.
to project site? No If yes, explain steps that will
be taken to lessen environmental impacts. A stormwater management plan, if applicable, that
CONSTRUCTION ACCESS WILL BE MADE FROM THE OLD may have been developed in consultation with the
CAUSEWAY FOR DRIVING PILES FOR THE BRIDGE REPLACE- Division of Environmental Management.
MENT. ALSO, EQUIPMENT WILL BE MOVED TO THE WEST
;END OF THE ISLAND BY BARGE.
A list of the names and complete addresses of the ad-
jacent waterfront (riparian) landowners. These in-
dividuals have 30 days in which to submit comments on
SHORELINE STABILIZATION the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Manage-
ment and should be advised by the applicant of that op-
Length of bulkhead or riprap R I PRAP TO BE USED ON pominity.
EDGE OF CAUSEWAY ONLY AND NOT FOR SHORE STABILIZATION.
Average distance waterward of mean high water or
normal water level N/A
r.
S.
7
a.
b.
lk
•4
A
z?
Q CHANNEL
?Q
,lll,
PRICE GORE \ ?Q
APPROXIMATE LO??TION - -
MHW LINE \ INLET AVENUE
\ I 030'
WETLANDS \ 440, BR10GE #?
wA #.?? \\ ? CREEK \ } ?o
p,USE Y
580' \ \
9.4
g `L \
o•a? 415 ?_?.3 = _ ? \`r;, \
\\OLD BULKHEAD \UPLANDS
UpLANpS.?-1'' ,1I I, \ \
+ e5; OLD BULKHEAD \ ?n\
' o \\ Q i ?\
51
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE \ --A
,111, ,III, \?iP
t!? Q?
WETLANDS APR 21 1972 \\ ?\ \\
DIVISION OF \ \
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
FOR
PACE ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW JB RD SLAND,RSC
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
vAL4#N0TON. N. C. 211402
0 50 100 HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
e01S11'W SNGows a rmw. s Ml?/I4c:04• 4.C.
101.
SCALE IN FEET 1'-100' PROJECT : 9116 DATE : 4/10/92 6 or 20
JOB NO. 34158

Al
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
alr, ,11r,
WETI.ANQS uMlT =. _
x 6.4
cAVSEwAY # ?.
ao i
?- Y 6.1 OLD PP
+
co,
uLD
Y ?
o
OLD P.P. OPOSEp '
''I'll 0AD
Y
6.
6. 4 Dili,
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
us.3? - 3- y MHW LINE
9
X01, r
APR 21 1992 ??
WETLANDS LIMIT
DIVISION OF ?
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
Q
PRICE -/,GORE
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
0 50 100
SCALE IN FEET 1'-100'
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
VAUAIN0712N4 N. C 20402
(?} HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
.0' ONG LlfQrCiS t ilAM US %U44G:04. Y.C.
PROJECT : 9118 DATE : 4/10/92 7 Of YO
JOB NO. 3858

v 4
Al
,11 r,

,11 r,
WETLANDS LIMIT
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE. UPLANDS r2!
-?- )
.13
0.4
O x E.5 i 7.0
x 4.3
J p p x g,s3 / / / _ _
OLD P.P."-
E. 3x a UPLANDS df,
x a
NQ?
x 4.5
GR ASS
FO GE
-
CREEK -
WETLANDS LIMIT
,11r,
APPROXIMATE LOCATION MHW LINE
1?
- } . 77Q
APR 21 _1992
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
DIVISION OF FOR
COASTAL MANAGEMEN d JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
0 50 100
SCALE IN FEET 1'-100'
WIUAINOTON, N. C. 26402
(-'HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
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PROJECT : 911E DATE : 4/10/92 8 OF 20
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
MHW LINE FOR
JANIE PACE PRICE
BIRD ISLAND, NC
JOHN R. OXENFELD, A.I.A. ARCHITECT
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW 4NLUINGTONi. N. G 2002
o so loo 0 HENRY VON OESEN & ASSOCIATES
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8•5 BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
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9
7 JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECT
VAWINCTON, M. 0. 28402
0 50 100 = = HENRY VON OESEN do ASSOCIATES
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DIVISION OF MEIOR7WNOESEn a ASSOCSATES
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§ 113A-120. Grant or denial of permits.
(a) The responsible official or body shall deny an application for a
permit upon f nding:
(1) In the case of coastal wetlands, that the development would
contravene an order that has been or could be issued pur-
suant to G.S. 113-230.
(2) In the case of estuarine waters, that a permit for the devel-
opment would be denied pursuant to G.S. 113-229(e).
(3) In the case of a renewable resource area, that the develop-
ment will result in loss or significant reduction of contin-
ued long-range productivity that would jeopardize one or
more of the water, food or fiber requirements a C-more
'theri`'°
local concern identified in subdivisions a through c of G.S.
113A-113(b)(3).
(4) In the case of a fragile or historic area, or other area con-
taining environmental or natural resources of more than
local significance, that the development will result in
major or irreversible damage to one or more of the historic
cultural, scientific, environmental or scenic values or natu-
ral systems identified in subdivisions a through h of G.S.
113A-113(b)(4).
(5) In the case of areas covered by G.S.113A-113(b)(5), that she
development will jeopardize the public rights or interests
specified in said subdivision.
(6) In the case of natural hazard areas, that the development
would occur in one or more of the areas identified in subdi-
visions a through e of G.S. 113A-113(b)(6) in such a man-
ner as to unreasonably endanger life or property.
(7) In the case of areas which are or may be impacted by key
facilities, that the development is inconsistent with the
State guidelines or the local land-use plans, or would con-
travene any of the provisions of subdivisions (1) to (6) of
this subsection.
(8) In any case, that the development is inconsistent with the
State guidelines or the local land-use plans.
(9) In any case, that considering engineering requirements and
all economic costs there is a practicable alternative that
would accomplish the overall project purposes with less
adverse impact on the public resources.
(10) In any case, that the proposed development would contrib'
ute to cumulative effects that would be inconsistent with
the guidelines set forth in subdivisions (1) through (9) of
this subsection. Cumulative effects are impacts attribut-
able to the collective effects of a number of projects and
include the effects of additional pro'ects similar to the re-
quested permit in areas available or development in the
vicinity.
To: John Dorney
Planning Branch
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
CAMA MAJOR PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW
PROJECT NAME: Janie Pace Price
COUNTY: Brunswick Project #: 92081
STREAM OR ADJACENT WATER BODY: Atlantic Ocean, Mad Inlet
CLASS: SB, SA
OPEN OR CLOSED: Closed
STORMWATER PLAN REQ'D: Yes
IF YES, DATE APPROVED:
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The applicant proposes to construct three
bridges totaling 2300 linear feet and highground,, causeway
totaling 3770 linear feet. Total impervious surface area created
would total 210,220 sq. ft. or 4.8 acres. The construction of
the causeway will result in the filling of approximately .22
acres of wetlands, 2000 q. ft. of which is below MHW. Future
development plans 15 single family residences, and a
community pier.
REVIEWER: Gregso 1
DATE APP. RECD: 9'1'101'
RETURNED:
RESUBMITTED:
INITIAL REPORT
FINAL REPORT: 92/07/02
NOTICE: Yes
RECOMMENDATION: Other
(ISSUE/DENY/OTHER)
WATER QUALITY CERT. (401)
CERT. REQ'D: Yes
IF YES, TYPE: Individual
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
TYPE OF DISPOSAL PROPOSED: Proposed individual septic systems
(EXISTING, PROPOSED, SEPTIC TANK ETC.)
TO BE PERMITTED BY: County
(DEM, DHS, COUNTY)
IF BY DEM, IS SITE AVAILABLE AND PERMIT ISSUANCE PROBABLE: N/A
WATER/WETLAND FILL
AREA OF FILL: WATER: N/A
WETLAND: 10,018 sq. ft.
IS FILL ELIMINATING A SIGNIFICANT USE? Yes
DREDGING
IS DREDGING ACTIVITY EXPECTED
-OF RESOURCE? N/A
IS SPOIL DISPOSAL ADEQUATELY
TO CAUSE A SIGNIFICANT LOSS
ADDRESSED? N/A
MARINA
ARE THE FOLLOWING ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED?
SEWAGE DISPOSAL: N/A
MARINA SERVICES: N/A
OXYGEN IN BASIN: N/A
CLOSURE OF SHELLFISHING WATERS: N/A
(ATTACH A MARINA USE ATTAINABILITY EVAL.)

92081.Jul
Page Two
RECOMMENDED CONDITIONS OR PERMIT RESTRICTIONS:
The project as proposed would result in the loss of .23
acres of salt marsh. This loss would result in the removal of an
existing use in violation of 15A NCAC 2B .0201. The applicant is
proposing compensatory mitigation for this loss by creating new
wetlands from one of the upland spoil areas. No detailed plan
has been submitted. Prior to any compensatory mitigation the
applicant should first demonstrate that wetland impacts have been
minimized. It would appear that the applicant could reduce or
eliminate the impacts to wetland areas by reducing the road width
in these areas. It is unclear why a 26' wide road is needed to
access a private island when the driving surface of the three
bridges is only 13.51.
The project must comply with stormwater runoff regulations
(15A NCAC 2H .1000) and should have an approved stormwater
management plan prior to issuance of the CAMA Permit.
JHG:92081.Jul
cc: Central Files
Wilmington Regional Office Files
ad3CM-Brooks
LIEF I I'--' L I F::P-F-`:

'•
?i. _. .... .._ - __ - .?•? ?Q?t?'_l:r::.1 CI=1'_ ?ar'C r'; :<? :iR
For. i, Sou-th na. l_ 1., r_,_ Ve'
... -.gar,,:. C.f.roij.r.a .. 1-0m the Sta1-- _ il': r' .'a a c "... etc)-
r^l? 14''10 tTl Is. T':? ar., aso1':."oro is La) ..l t`l ';7 il,?.il Vtr l.`117 L. t1
?T (zG c li: vr:_ Ll,i _.C)U i V nil,
Q nd _ Ctct i .... _ _ ..il?.t.....
;hacki: f.:>rd 'Banks in L County,
i31dna has (natural t'%- ,'.scll. o;' }?RI1`}
O!c `.h=3 Mi < 7 AtlanItic .4 =ft ?e s r'i_ 'T
thro,ag o 'he region -win` %v' tevelop'n;en ij? )^2: >i CnC `.2"GV
LrE'rCt_ .. ;xC](% .of Barr i'--r 1'c 1 ani: , remain y„ i1 c1CL1'ra" •o ti;?,ri7__ri8`t r_3IL _.C'r:C,:. tion. B-.,: d
?;+:._._td? ?e?arian ,.<;n b? .___.-__sad __n';.? :_ ni:r:,?„_. __ _: i° ..:a':i :•;i.=_ _t'>;?':rriLi':?_,.-=s, '?t;;;tr
can<. , D-unt' Grass, Marit .lne 0, 7 :,ra X-l and, :Mar. ;.Lii?C. '?? .. _. -": ?, %,, . Mi? 4
u:1rt1Maritime _E,Verg1.z-3:n C( o _, M d 1" lLa.:nE i. ?i;J .
ShrLb, salt Flat, aiUj +?cl_? ..c_ Ji. riL'iiU _., 3t t: 1! c-C?
"_.,f•?1. ,.tt `...,^d 1.1-10 CS, '.,':;. +.:1 rn1ri1^1L;itl .sLL"«. r; CI;,r: '.: ??.::
g
of real:,;st rtote a ar ? Cfie f`1L>'gr Vii. natu al CrowaIIL:^?tie s r,ot yta1'.S1Ve 011 iii. (w =:!=:, i?G L; L "?` -
c:-typ?2S arv cons..-`;<<< :.P.?i3n<J-,?cL ' .--n ?.Ca:y? ?<Yt:_. .
A ntzrber of rare pec_as 'hav _` b:'en
plant seabeactii amarantn (Amarantbl-,S 1)u--d-lus) 1'S
41i(
C,it3 .;es E r' Yl?i Jl the i3i_:1 1 r..'ir1C? on r .? u?; ?C 1 ,It• nq
foredunes the length of the island, Once c,jistr-ibutg.-d :f;orn Sou',-h ?-krslLna t:,
massac.husetts, seabeach c'7ma-ranth has been ex,L1r'aat: d Y'om Ma sSac.'lu ;e tt,:.s, Rlhod ,
Tsland, Ajew York, ;zew ?er`ey, Pennsylvania, !)elSwarQ, °>aryland, and V:rgjnia,
rCid is now l1.TTt1'%ad t0 3;?OT t ??;a{'rity-'f the J. ilarid b etwP_en Imp K c3tte 'a S, I?UL'th
Carol.::na and Cape Romai;l, South CarollTla. Thr,,ax aned in North Carolina, this
plant is being considered for, addition to the federal list of. endangered and
threatened species. What makes thy: .plight of This unassuming beach plant ,?o
interesting iz its •potenti.al as a crop plant. Many '+pec7.ces of the amaranth
genus have been used as grain or vegetabl' crops, especially in t.hi_rd world
countri.-s. Amaranths, (also known as pigweeds) are especially i.mno.rtant crops
beca-azQ of their high nutritive content, the drain and leaves bei.n;; rich in
protein and vitamins. Seabeach amaranth i,s of in.Lerest to crop researchers
because it has the largest seeds in the genus, and can obviously grow in saline
environments, which are common in desert anti irrigated parts of the world.
Scientimt,-3 are prc?„entl.y roGoarching itz atrtvalapmerit as a crop and its potential
use i.n Ethiopia.
Black Ski.rmxiers (Bynchops niger.) have used Bird Island as a. nest site.
These spectacular and ?drl birds are congidorgd a gpocial Concern. species in
Nol:th Carolina because of declines i.n t;:eir populations, apparently because of
their sensitivity whi.? e nesting to human disturbance. Bird Island has also been
used by Least Terns (St::rna albifrons) as a nesting site . This attractive
waterbird (the smallest Of North Fmeviceixi tern') n atil in col.4niez on beachs and
island ends which are not too often disturbed lay human. visitors. While not yet

hE? - ac r }.•, F?r'rll!`; t? t} ;1: ?V?N•°ii`U?-"c: %3.,1, :?C 1.1 ;_a(aP UT
Least '.I ?:Y:,:? _.?n.?..:7rl ._ _ -- ? -
1 iati tC ,'"r il7mans and Lhcr_.. _..-A 3cxr e as
1 ?-
nee-cers because of Its and _?? F11. V3 L light tl ci^:
by 'ci,.;tan visitors.
rJu411c1t'?=:L '.vate.r_ a.^. ti f(1ar:-^F:;... b-,.Aiind ?,:i,? ._ ??? ?? ?? d5 _n
- - _ `".^.?a Licus ) , - L'_5 l C?1 S7?C1al
. i2' animals, i.}1e iTtw??i Ci CIQZ Zr { GU a.n7-l1
,az
Poncarn •,.n North Carytiinn, ai,a hn,-bb Fd w'l lelx var, i c a) r mollusk of
Spt Ct,al illy -=ri. ',T,'hr. staT:L2z9 -- liiot. Ji aCt1.12_.. .?E 1L )Owll.
The assurance of `11-- ?,oilC? 22Tq prate.c t 1C7t1 C,T ?s iail:.'. can bped
condition ,aould lnel-Q a;;sure a br1.(;htz,. f1_ilurf for `llt_ rare na -ndanqere6
o 1 tozll `
rr'Aru of
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OP COMMERCE
National oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NATIONAL MARINE FISHARIES _SEfiV f
Southeast Regional O hce
9450 Koger Boulevard
St. Petersburg, FL 33702
August 5, 1992
Colonel W. Scott Tulloch
District Engineer, Wilmington District
Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers
P. O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Dear Colonel Tulloch:
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has reviewed Public
Notice 199201050(GP) dated June 30, 1992, whereby Ms. Janie Pace
*-=cP1;L9e proposes to construct three bridges and rehabilitate
causeways leading to Bird Island, Brunswick County, North Carolina.
The proposed action would provide access for development of an 85-
acre upland area. These uplands would be divided into fifteen,
four-to-six-acre residential lots with beach access crosswalks. A
community pier with four boat slips is also planned.
Bird island is one of two remaining undeveloped barrier islands in
southeastern North Carolina. The island's uplands are surrounded
by broad borders of regularly and irregularly flooded emergent
wetlands, tidal and intertidal flats, and subtidal bottoms. The
wetland habitats found here support public-trust resources that are
essential to the maintenance of commercial and recreational
fisheries in North Carolina. These areas are used as spawning,
nursery, and forage habitat for such species as summer flounder,
seatrout, spot, shrimp, and blue crab. They also may provide water
quality and hydrologic functions such as sediment and pollutant
removal., erosion protection, wave attenuation, and flood-water
retention. The tidal waters surrounding Bird Island are classified
SA (highest quality) by the N.C. Division of Environmental
Management and they are designated as primary fish nurseries by the
N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries.
Despite the relatively low level of development.pl.a-nned, the NMFS
is concerned that the proposed action could, over time, cause
deterioration of coastal wetlands that surround the project site.
Indirect impacts may include incidental wetland loss in connection
with future developmental activities and passible water quality
degradation through septic tank leachate, and runoff of fertilizer
and pesticides used in connection with lawn and property
maintenance. In this regard, we are especially concerned over
possible changes in the overall plan of development that could lead
to high-density development once vehicular access to the island is
attained. This concern is based on the fact that exact locations
of the residential lots, roads, and the community pier have not

UO%Ua%;lG 11;40 *"010 15J:S $111 \J1Y? J?tCU > bLAUYUi{l ftAbll:ll LCI UU:S UU4

been firmly established and there are no provisions in the federal
regulatory process that would prohibit substantial change in these
components of the overall plan of development.
The ecological importance of Bird Island and its associated
wetlands is so great that any action that may lead to significant
direct or indirect change in biota and habitat quality should be
carefully considered. The appropriate means for evaluating the
effect of federal authorization of work that may significantly
alter such high quality ecosystems is the environmental review
process prescribed in the Regulations for Implementing the
Procedural Provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (40
CFR 1500). Therefore, based on the establx stud",",value of the
overall project area, and on the possibility of significant change
that may be brought about by federal authorization of the proposed
action, the NMFS recommends that the Wilmington District prepare
either an environmental assessment or an environmental impact
statement for use in its,decision regarding authorization of the
proposed action.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on this matter. Please
contact me or Mr. Larry Hardy of our Beaufort Branch office if
further assistance is needed.
Si cerely,
Andreas Mager, Jr.
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division

FILE
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
August 11, 1992
Colonel Walter S. Tulloch
District Engineer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Attention: Regulatory Branch
Dear Colonel Tulloch:
M ¦
This is the report of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service)
on Public Notice 199201050, dated June 30' 1992. Janie Pace Price
-has applied for a Department of the Army permit to place fill
material in wetlands to construct bridges and repair earthen
causeways for access to Bird Island, adjacent to the Atlantic
Ocean, near Sunset Beach, Brunswick County, North Carolina. This
report is submitted in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d),
and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973; as amended (16
U.S.C. 1531-1543). It is to be used in your determination of
compliance with 404(b) (1) guidelines (40 CFR 230) and in your
public interest review (33 CFR 320.4) as they relate to protection
of fish and wildlife resources.
According to information provided in the Public Notice, three
bridges, each 16 feet wide and elevated on concrete pilings 7 feet
above mean high water, would be constructed over a total linear
distance of 2,300 feet. The three bridges would span open water
and marsh areas between Sunset Beach, remnants of a previous
earthen causeway, and Bird Island. The complete roadway, including
the refurbished earthen causeways and bridges, would measure 3,770
feet long. Approximately 16,000 cubic yards of stone riprap,
hauled-in earthen material, and concrete would be deposited in
wetlands and existing high ground to construct bridge abutments,
elevate old causeway portions, and construct an approach ramp from
Sunset Beach. Of this fill, approximately 641 cubic yards would
be placed in wetlands, tidal flats, or open water at at least eight
separate locations. These fill sites would range from 5 to 40 feet
in width, 20 to 80 feet in length, and each would require 22 to 267
cubic yards of material. Bird Island, approximately 85 acres in
size, would be developed for residential purposes if the causeway
is built, although no specific plans have been provided pending the
outcome of the current permit decision.

10 *
Service biologists inspected the project area on July 24, 1992, but
they were not able to reach the Island because of high tide and
surf. Bird Island, bounded by Mad Inlet to the east, Little River
Inlet to the west (in South Carolina), the Atlantic Ocean to the
south, and marshes and tidal channels to the north, forms part of
an active, dynamic coastal barrier system. The proposed bridges
would cross tidal channels, unvegetated tidal flats, saline marshes
dominated by saltmarsh cordgrass (Spartina alternitlora.), and
scrub-shrub wetlands dominated by waxmyrtle (Myrica cerifera) and
eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia). Bird Island is
dominated by a dense thicket of maritime scrub-shrub which,
according to the Public Notice, is interspersed=<by:<.numerous wetland
swales.
At the;time the Service inspected the project area, the tidal
flats, beaches, and marshes associated with Mad Inlet were being
used by numerous colonial waterbirds and shore birds. These
included great egret (Casmerodius albus), gulls (Lanus spp.),
Wilson's plover (Charadrius wilsonia), semi-palmated plover
(Charadrius semipalmatus), western sandpiper (Calidris mauri),
least sandpiper (Calidris minutilla), dowitcher (Limnodromus sp.),
whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), black skimmer (Rynchops niger),
American oystercatcher _(Haematopus palliatus), least tern (Sterna
albifrons), common tern (Sterna hirundo), sandwich tern (Sterna
sandvicensis), and royal tern (Sterna maxima).
Service policy regarding mitigation of damage to habitats considers
both the value of those habitats to fish and wildlife and their
relative scarcity (Federal Register Vol. 46:15, pp. 7644-7663).
The marsh, scrub-shrub wetlands, 'tidal flats, and maritime scrub-
shrub affected by the proposed project have high fish and wildlife
resource value and are considered to be relatively scarce on a
national and regional basis. Wetlands and maritime habitats such
as these provide valuable nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat
to resident and migratory waterfowl, songbirds, hawks, shorebirds,
wading birds, and seabirds. Other resident wildlife species
expected to occur in the project area include gray fox (Urocyon
cinereoargenteus), marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), opossum
(Didelphis virginiana), and raccoon (Procyon lotor). Numerous
reptiles and amphibians depend on' project area wetlands for
foraging, egg laying, and habitat for larval life stages.
Freshwater swales among the maritime scrub-shrub thickets of the
Island provide the only habitat for reptiles and amphibians among
the surrounding estuarine and marine habitats. _
Maritime scrub-shrub habitat supports many bird species during
migration, including species not normally associated with estuarine
and marine habitats. The scrub-shrub canopy provides a buffer from
salt spray that supports wildlife forage plants that otherwise
would not survive on a barrier island. The resultant structural -?
and plant species diversity offers a wide variety of habitats to
migratory and resident wildlife. The values for fish and wildlife
of these habitats are greatly enhanced by the interspersion of
freshwater swales found on the Island. Maritime scrub-shrub also

performs important soil binding and fresh groundwater recharge
functions.
Wetlands in the project area provide plant detritus to adjacent
estuarine waters and contribute to the production of recreationally
and commercially important fisheries and shellfisheries. Project
area wetlands perform water quality functions such as reduction of
excessive dissolved nutrient levels, removal of suspended sediment,
erosion control, stormwater-retention,-and groundwater recharge. -
Beaches and tidal flats in and around Bird Island and neighboring
inlets provide potential nesting, foraging, and roosting habitat
for the Federally-listed, threatened piping plover (Charadrius
melodus). This species has been reported nesting at the western
end of Sunset Beach. Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)
regularly nest on beaches adjacent to Mad Inlet and Sunset Beach.
This Federally-listed, threatened species is known to nest on Bird
Island beaches as well.
The proposed fill for causeway construction would result in the
permanent loss of 0.23 acre of marsh and scrub-shrub wetlands and
their associated fish and wildlife habitat values. Secondary
impacts are expected to be much greater as Bird Island itself would
be developed. Maritime scrub-shrub and freshwater wetlands on Bird
Island potentially could be filled, cleared, or otherwise degraded.
Indirect impacts relating to project installation include the
degradation of area water quality by increasing the boat dockage in
the vicinity.- Passage of boats through project area waters would
probably accelerate the erosion of adjacent saline marshes, or
create demand to dredge project area inlet channels. Development
of lots by individual landowners would continue the loss and
fragmentation of maritime habitats.
Other indirect impacts would result from the introduction of fixed
structures into a dynamic coastal barrier system. In response to
tides, storms, and sea level rise, landowners on Bird Island can be
expected to request permits for bulkheads or other shoreline
stabilization structures. Stabilization structures would remove
estuarine shoreline habitat and degrade the water quality and
biological productivity of area waters.
Bird Island lies within the Waites Island Complex (MO1) of the
Coastal Barrier Resources System (CBRS). The CBRS was established
pursuant to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) (16_U.S.C. _
3501 et seq.) -of 1982, as amended by the Coastal Barrier
Improvement Act of 1990. The purposes of the CBRA are to minimize
the loss of human life, wasteful expenditure of Federal revenues,
and damage to fish, wildlife, and other natural resources
associated with coastal barriers. Under the CBRA, the appropriate
Federal officer must consult with the Secretary of the Interior
before making Federal expenditures or financial assistance
available within the CBRS. The Secretary of the Interior has
delegated his responsibilities to the Director of the Service.

r?
Section 6 of the CBRA provides exceptions to Section 5, Limitations
on Federal Expenditures Affecting the System, if the expenditure is
for: energy projects which can only be carried out within the
System; maintenance of channel improvements; maintenance of roads,
structures or facilities that are essential links to a larger
network or system; military activities essential to national
security; and Coast Guard facilities. Additionally, Section
6(a)(6) specifies seven other activities that.may be excepted if
the activity is consistent with the purposes of the Act. These
activities involve conservation, navigation, recreation, scientific
research, disaster relief, roads, or shoreline stabilization.
The Public Notice provides no statement that Federal monies would
not be spent on this project or for the future development that is
expected. We, therefore, request clarification on this point, and
recommend that if Federal funds will be used, the applicant request
consultation with the Service. Any such request should be
addressed to the Assistant Regional Director - Fish and Wildlife
Enhancement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Richard B. Russell
Federal Building, Room 1276, 75 Spring Street, S.W., Atlanta,
Georgia 30303.
The Environmental Protection Agency's 404(b)(1) Guidelines,
developed pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, prohibit
the discharge of dredged or fill material for non-water dependent
proposals in wetland areas if there is a practicable alternative
which would have less impact on the aquatic ecosystem. Those
guidelines further specify that for non-water dependent activities
proposed for special aquatic sites (e.g., wetlands), practicable
alternatives which do not- involve special aquatic sites are
presumed to exist unless clearly demonstrated otherwise.
Although the Public Notice does not describe future plans for
residential development of Bird Island, it does state that such
development is the primary goal of the current application. The
Service, therefore, considers such development an integral-part of
the currently proposed project and will make recommendations to
conserve wetlands and other fish and wildlife habitats based on the
entire development rather than the incomplete project described in
the Public Notice. I
The Service's Mitigation Policy for impacts resultingjfrom water
dependent activities require the minimization of impacts by
avoidance or reduction, and the _compensation.-..of__ unavoidable
impacts. As-noted above, the Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines presume
the existence of alternatives, to avoid wetland impacts, for
projects which do not require a location in wetlands. As a
residential development does not need to be located in wetlands to
fulfill its basic purpose of providing housing, the Service
therefore, recommends that wetland impacts be avoided and that a
Department of the Army Permit not be issued.
Wetlands and intertidal habitats in the project area provide
habitat to two Federally-listed species protected under the

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HALTING DEVELOPMENT '
Redwine wants state to study
whether to buy Bird Island
By HUNTER ROME
Raleigh Bureau Chief
RALEIGH - The state would study the
possibility of buying Bird Island to head off a
proposal to develop it, under a measure Rep.
David Redwine, D-Brunswick, is seeking in
the state House of Representatives.
A Greensboro woman has applied for per-
mits that would allow her to build 15 houses
on the undeveloped island near Sunset Beach
in southern Brunswick County. As part of her
plans, Janie Pace Price has applied for per-
mits to build a bridge to connect Bird Island to
Sunset Beach.
The House Appropriations Subcommittee
on Environment, Health and Natural Re-
sources has approved Rep. Redwine's pro-
posal, which calls for a state agency to study
the feasibility of buying Bird Island for con-
servation.
The Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources would conduct the
study and report back to the General Assem-
bly by h•Iay. The full Appropriations Commit-
tee probably will vote on the proposal today,
said Rep. Bruce Ethridge, D-Carteret, co-
chairman of the en,,ironment subcommittee.
Because it would cost so much to develop
the island - NIs. Price's plans call for a
2,300-foot long bridge and a 3,140-foot
causeway - the state should not have to pay
an exorbitant amount for the property, Rep.
Ethridge said.
However, he said, past experience shows
that protecting coastal land is.always costly.
"I'm so tired'ot,'tne`--`state having to pay
through the nose to protect its natural re-
sources," Rep. Ethridge said. "We don't real-
ly have any choice if we're going to try to
preserve what we have. I would hope we
could get a good price considering how much
money it would take to develop this island.".
Linda Fluegel, Sunset Beach town adminis-
trator, said the town has hired a land manage-
ment firm to analyze how much of the island
Ms. Price could develop and to make recom-
mendations on how to zone the island.
Although Bird Island has no zoning desig-
nation, it is classified for conservation in the
town, 's Coastal Area Management, Act land
use plan, Ms. Fluegel said. However, that
would not prevent development on the island,
she said.
The Sunset Beach Town Council has
passed a resolution supporting the efforts of
any conservation organization that might
have the money to buy the island. But the
resolution also supports Ms. Price's right to
develop the island if the law allows, Nis. Flue-
gel said.
Ms. Price proposes dividing the island into
15 lots of four to six acres, each with its own
septic tank, according to state permit applica-
tions. She proposes to fill wetlands along the
proposed causeway between Sunset Beach
and Bird Island as well.
Ms. Price could not be reached for com-
ment Tuesday evening.

_ i
Endangered Species Act. Piping plovers may be adversely affected
by the project if the natural overwash and shoaling processes of
project area inlets are altered, and by increased disturbance by
humans, their pets, and predators drawn by human-related debris.
Loggerhead turtles are likely to be adversely affected by
beachfront development, increased use of Bird Island beaches by lot
owners, and predators (such as raccoons, dogs, and cats) that would
be provided improved access to Bird Island by the causeway or would
be attracted by human-related--debris or-habitat alterations. If
this project receives further consideration by the Corps,
consultation with the Service, under Section 7 of the Endangered
Species Act, will be required to evaluate .,impacts to Federally-
listed species and their habitats.
In summary, the Service recommends that a Department of the,Army
permit not be issued for the proposed work based on: 1) the high
fish and wildlife habitat value of project area wetlands and
maritime habitat; 2) the significant functional values of project
area wetlands; 3) the non-water dependent nature of the
residential development of Bird Island; 4) adverse effects to
coastal barrier, maritime, and estuarine- processes; and 5)
probable adverse effects to Federally-listed, threatened species.
We reiterate that the Public Notice provides incomplete plans for
the proposed development and the Service has made recommendations
based on expected impacts that may or may not occur. Once complete
project plans have been submitted for review, the service can
provide its final recommendations to conserve fish and wildlife
habitat resources.
The-Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this project.
Please advise us of any action taken by the Wilmington District,
Corps of Engineers. You may contact David Dell, Permit
Coordinator, of this office if you have any question regarding our
recommendations.
Sincerely,
KrA
L . K. II Mike" antt
Supervisor
. J Y

North C aroma Wildlife Resources Commission '
512 N, Salisbury Street, R alei.vh., North (,a.rotina 2.7604-1188, 919-733-3:39I
Charles R. RiRwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM DA'L'E: July 28, 3.992
TO: John Parker Jr., Chief
Major Permits Processing Section
FROM: R_?.ch<ard H. Hamilton ??? t ff?
Assistant Director ot* 'V( r' ? t
SUBJECT: State. Dredge and Fill and LAMA Major Davelopment Permit
P?Ppzic'tt:.i.on for M? . JFa.n.ic pa-YO.- pr'lc:e, Bird Island
adjacent to Sunset Beach, Brunswick county, North
Carolina.
Professional staff biologists with the North Caro?l.ina
Wildlife Rte ources Commission (NCWRC) have reviewed the subject
permit application and are familiar with habitat values
associated with the proposed project area. All on--site
investigation was conducted on July 17, 1992 for the purpose of
further assessing construction impacts on fisheries, wildlife,
and wetland resources. There comments are provided in accordance
with provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48
Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.) and the Coastal
Area Management Act (G.S. 113A-100 through 113A--128).
The proposed project site is located on Bird Island, a small
undeveloped barrier island located between Mad River Inlet,
Little River Inlet, the Atlantic ocean, and the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway (A1WW) in Brunswick County, adjacent to the
Town of Sunset Beach. The waters of the Atlantic ocean adjacent,
to the proposed site are classified SS while all other waters
adjacent to the site are Classified SA. The SA waters are closed
to shellfi.shi,ng and are dG *ignaCfed a primary nuraexy area by the
Division of Marine Fisheries.
Dominant vegetated wetlands within the proposed project area.
l.11c'1uae: sea oats (yniolq, paniculata.), silt-marsh cord gra,aa
(Snartina al,ternifllora), salt--meadow hay (S. patens), black
needl,erush (auncus. roemerianus) , catbriar (Smilax bona-nox) ,
yucca (Y1.1CCa) , marsh pennywort (Hydrocot.yle umbel.lata.) , sea
lavender. (Limoniiim carolinianum) , marsh elder.' (Iva frutesce.ns) ,
glasswort (Sal..icornia spp.), spike grass (Distichlis spicata),
MEMO To: John Parker, DATE: July 28, 1992 Page 2
sea ox--eye (Borrichia frutescens), cottoribush (Bacchari.s
halimifcalia) , wax myrtle (Myrica -cerif era), and eastern redcedar
(Juni erus virginiana.).
The loggerhead sea turtle "Caretta caretta" (Federally
thx;oatonad) , and piping plover. "Charadrius IItelo ]G11 (FE'_d4G!rally
threatened), do occur within the proposed project area. These
species have been granted protection by the United States Fish
and Wildlife Service under Section 7 of the Federal Endangered
Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). The uea turtloa and piping
plovers have nested previously on Bird Island, the turtles as
recently as 1991,
The applicant, Ms. Janie Pace Price, is requesting permit
authorization for road construction totaling 3770 LF, including
construction of 3 bridges totaling 2300 LF, to provide access
from Sunset Beach to the high ground area of Bird Island.
According to the application, the purpose of the construction is
to allow access to. the high ground area of the island for
construction of residential housing.
As presented, the proposed project could have significant
impacts on wildlife, fisheries, and wetland resources in the
proposed project area. If completed the proposed project would
result in the direct loss of. 0,23 acre of coastal wetlands and
estuarine and public trust waters and coi.Y.ld result in turbidity
and siltation problems to all receiving waters adjacent to the
proposed site. It may also have adverse impacts on Federally
protected spPcip-a, specifica:l.ly, the nesting behavior of
loggerhead sea turtles and piping p;.overs.
We have determined the proposed project is inconsistent with
NCWRC Policies and GuidelinGr- for Conservation of Wetlanda and
Aquatic Habitats. It is NCWRC policy to oppose proposals
directly or indirectly resulting in further degradation of
wetlands or aquatic resources. Proposals advocating filling of
wetland-, or productive a.t?uatic habitat, for the purpose of
creating or providing access to high ground for development are
opposed by the NCWRC and any required permit authorization will
receive a recommendation for denial unless the proposed project
has significant public benefits and all wetlands or aquatic
habitat impacts are fully mitigated. Because the potential
adverse impacts to the wildlife, fisheries, wetlands and water
quality of Bird Island have not been adequately addressed, and,
because we feel that there are more practical alternatives
available, we cannot concur with issuing a permit for the project
as proposed and therefore recommend that a. State Dredge and Fill
and CAMA Major permit for this project be denied.
If the project is approved over our objection, the following
conunents/reconunendations should be implemented:

11
(1) Preliminary figures indicate that only 85
acres of a total of approximately 1200 (75%)
MEMO TO; John Parker, DAVE: July 28, 1992 Page 3
fi
a.re high enough in elevation to be considered.
"high ground". of this total 85 acres, only
5-5-60 acres rja_,y Yee su:l'table for development.
Depending upon the outcome of the wetlands
delineation survey (see #4 below), the total
area suitable for development may be reduced
even fur.the.r. Even with low density
development, the potential impacts to
Federally protected species do not appear to
be :justified. When considered in conjunction
with the .fact that the entire island i.a
within the flood velocity zone (according to
the Federal Emergency Management Agency) , it
is our opinion that a significant component
of the permit: decision should weigh the
environmental costs for this project.
(2) ; i l.t foncQs: should t1e er_•ec'L.f?d between the
proposed construction corridor and any
adjacent wetlands to prevent any adverse
impacts from sedimentation and erosion to the
w<:?ter quality anel fiereri_es resouroGg of the
cidjc cent receiving watF_=rs,
(3) 'T'here should be no placement of fill material
In wetl_ancl ? . Also, the applicant should be.
advised we are not likely to provide a
favorable review for future riod.i f icat ions
rc-quiring filling of wetlands-
(4) The NCW-RC believes the mitigative measures
listed in the permit application for
avoiding, I I imizi.ng, or compensating for
dirge t and indirect degradation in habitat
quality as well, as quantitative wetland
losses are insufficient. Mitigation is
intended to avoid„ minimize, or compensate
for any adverse impacts which may occur as a
result of the proposed project. The
"mitigative measures" listed in the permit
application, "creating new wetlands from one
of the upland spoil areas", have not proven
to be a viable form of mitigation and we
therefore request that a. complete mitigation
plan be submitted and aproved prioz to
commencement of any construction activities.
(5) Finally, ft11 con3 ru.•tion activity °kshould be
conducted between September 1 and January 1
to minimize impacts to Federally listed
threatened and endangered species as well as
commercially important juvenile marine
organisms.
MEMO To: John Parker,
DATE; July 28, 1992
Page 4
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this
State Dredge and Fill and CAMA Major permit application. If we
can provide further assistance, please call on us.
CC: Keith W. Ashley,. District 4 Fisheries Biologist
Tom Padgett, District 4 Wildlife Biologist
Honorable Ted B. Lockerman, District 4 COMM .ssioner
Steve Pozzanghera, Piedmont Region Habitat Cons. Bio.
DLS/kwa
ID: , TEL N0:
?sth? a
Ond Fdf(tli?SAllffBJ memo hir!y
H
3
Nef'W CAMPi a Department Of C:U1w.... _
Isom 8. Hoyt Jz, Govooor
BM Ray MVCd%8o=t81y
February 7, 1996
MEMORANDUM
TO. /John R. Parker Jr., Chief
Major Permits Processing Section
Division of Coastal Management , DEHNR
Colonel Robert J. Sperberg, District Engineer
Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District
FROM: David Brook "D
Deputy State His ric Preservation Officer
SUBJECT: Widen US 74 bets en 1-40 and Old Fort Road (SR
2775), Public Act!,Wl 99602123, Buncombe
County, 11-2306A,V 86-8024
#737 P01

Division of A chives and HH btvty
Jetrroy J. Crow, DIM%
In light of the natural resource agencies recommending that the Army Corps of
Engineers (ALOE) .deny a permit for the above referenced project due to the
potential effect it may have oil Gashes Creek, we would like to amplify our
comments of January i B, 1996,
The Federal Highway Administration (FHwA) and North Carolina Department of
'transportation, in consultation with all the appropriate state and federal agencies,
have considered numerous alternatives to avoid both Gashes Creek and the B. K.
Miller House, a property eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. They
have determined that the proposed undertaking avoids adversely affecting the
historic property, although it may cause some degradation. of the crti;ak's
environmental qualities. Bringing the roadway closer to the house to avoid the
creek would require right-of-way from the historic property and would result in an
immediate and irreversible adverse effect on the Miller House by further altering its
rural setting, removing the existing vegetation buffer between the house and road,
and in all likelihood affecting its continued use and preservation.
FHwA and NCDOT have completed Section 106 consultation with us and received
a finding of no adverse effect from the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
based on the project's incorporating certain conditions. We hope the ACOE will
give the same consideration to this historic property by granting NCDOT the permit
for the proposed undertaking.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
100 Bad Jonas Street • Raloi#, Nonk Csrolin¦ 27401-2807
10 ID: TEL N0: #737 P02 i_
7, 7 99$, Page 2
-Thank you for your cooperation and consideration If you have concerning the 8pVe Comment, ple"se contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, w coordlnetor, at 97 9/733-4783. 1
VB:slw
acr Advisory Council on Histario Preservation
7 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Suite 809
Washington, DC 20004
Steve Price
National Park Service
75 Spring Street, SE
Atlanta, GA 30,303
H. F. Vick
North Caroline Department of Trans
Raleigh portation
Nicholas Graf
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Berra Avenue
Raleigh, NC 27607
Wayne Wright
Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 7 890
Wilmington, NC 29402-18.9o
Kitsey 130cook
Miller's Mountain Lodge
5 Hemphill Road
Asheville, NC 28803
.0.-
15-196 MOJ 15:10 ID: TEL N0: #737 P03
i?yyY.
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
h0W & Amt 7y (lov =f
Hou! M?> . So"""
January 18, 1996
MEMORANDUM
TO: John R. Parker Jr., Chief
Major Permits Processing Section
Division of Coastal Management, DEHNR
Colonel Robert J. Sperberg, District Engineer
Army Corps of /Engineers, WilmingtonfDistri District
FROM: David Brook 1, y rt
Deputy State Dist Ic Preservation Officer
SUBJECT: NCOOT, Widen US 74 between 1-40 and Old Fort
Road (SR 2776), Public Action No. 199502123,
Buncombe County, R-2306A, ER 96-8024
DMsion of Archives and History
Ja" J. Crow, Director
We have received the public notice of section 404 permit application for the above
project and would like to comment.
The Environmental Assessment for this project identified Whitson'a Mill (31 BN470)
as potentially eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The EA
also stated that all construction activity would avoid this site.
Although the map provided with the public notice was not clear, it appears that the
work proposed for the western end of the project is in the vicinity of Whitsori's
Mill. We request that a map be forwarded to us showing the location of Whitson's
Mill relative to the proposed work, as well as any plans for avoiding the site during
construction activities.
Within the area of potential effect for R-2306A are five properties that have been
determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Our concerns
regarding the effects of the projeot on these properties have been adequately
addreesed through consultation with the Federal Highway Administration and the
North Carolina Department of Transportation under Section 106 of the National
Historic -Preservation Act.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 108 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part B00.
109 Rost !ones Street • Raleioh. North GrWins 27601-2207
.1 *A1
I State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Roger N. Schecter, Director
MEMORANDUM
December 7, 1994
TO: INTERESTED PARTIES
FROM: E. Evan Brunson, M
SUB: Bird Island AEC Nomination
[*, I* Aj?
A A 14CAWq
ID F== F1
D 'P40ex .
?C n
199,E
Last July, the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) directed the Division of Coastal
Management to conduct a detailed review of Bird Island, a small undeveloped barrier island southwest
of the Town of Sunsent Beach in Brunswick County. This action was taken in response to the
nomination of Bird Island for consideration by the CRC` as a Natural or Cultural Resource Area of
Environmental Concern (AEC) pursuant to the Title 15A, Subchapter 7H, Section .0500 of the North
Carolina Administrative Code.
On Noverber 17, this Division presented its detailed review of this AEC nomination to the
CRC's Planning and Special Issues Committee. After considerable discussion of whether Bird Island
qualified as a Coastal Complex Natural Area of Environmental Concern and on whether additional
protection in the form of site specific use standards was needed; the Committee rejected a motion to
recommend that the CRC send the nomination of Bird Island as a Coastal Complex Natural AEC to
public hearing.
Or, November 18, the CRC accepted the recommendation of its Planning and Speciai Issues
Committee on this matter and approved a motion to deny the petition of the Bird Island Preservation
Society nominating Bird Island as a Natural or Cultural Resource AEC. This action by the CRC
resolves the issue of providing additional protection to Bird Island. Any development on the island will
still be subject to the existing CAMA rules and guidelines for development in Areas of Environmental
Concern.
Please feel free to contact me if you would like additional information on this matter.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
S. Department
f Transportation
united States
Coast Guard
Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
REEE3V&D
OV 0 2 3994
?ivvr?olvaf rAL sfasE C
Mr. John Dorney
Water Quality Section
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Mgmt
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Federal Building
431 Crawford Street
Portsmouth, VA 237e6J94
Staff Sy( m
Phone: o : 4 ) 398-6227
16590
19 Oct 94
Dear Mr. Dorney:
Subject: Crossing of Mad Inlet
Sunset Beach - Bird Island, North Carolina
The purpose of this letter is to forward a revised page two of
the Scoping Meeting summary on the proposed bridge project
crossing Mad Inlet and the proposed development of Bird Island.
The revised sheet is attached as enclosure (1). Please discard
the original page two of the summary and replace it with the
revised page.
Should you have any questions regarding this matter, please
contact Ms. Linda Gilliam, Project Officer, at [phone].
Sincerely,
ANN B. DEATON
Chief, Bridge Section
By direction of the Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
Encl: (1) Revised page two of Scoping Meeting Summary

w - ?? ?;
Pe then went on to show the layout of the proposed development of
Bird Island and how the roadways and houses have been drawn to
avoid impacting the wetlands on the island. The present layout
of this proposed community is to construct single-family homes
each on one acre lots. The Town of Sunset Beach has ruled that
of each 1 acre, 1/2 acre must be uplands and all development must
take place on uplands. The applicant, Mr. Poag, and Mr. Ryder
both stated that they approached the Town of Sunset Beach last
month to change the one acre requirement to 1/2 acre per house.
".The decision is to be made on November 7, 1994, at the next Town
of Sunset Beach meeting.
Mr. Ryder finished by stating that he felt all impacts to the
environment have been avoided by the design of the bridge and the
proposed development of the island.
Mr. Dell, U.S. F&WS, expressed concern over the proposed bridge's
effect on the natural flow of Mad Inlet. He felt that the
proposed bridge would restrict this waterway from shifting
naturally. He also expressed concern that the area where the
approaches for the proposed bridge begin (on the side of Sunset
Beach) would deteriorate because of the weather, or a change in
the flow of Mad Inlet. He felt that if a bridge is constructed,
rip-rap would be placed in the wetlands to stabilize the bridge
in order to build back the roadway. Mr. Ryder stated that the
Town of Sunset Beach does not approve this type of construction
in wetlands and if this were to-happen, the bridge would be
extended over the deteriorated portion of the roadway to avoid
impact to the wetlands.
Mr. Dell's other concern was the effect the proposed development
of Bird Island would have on the endangered and/or threatened
species. Mr. Ryder assured him that all measures have been taken
to avoid any adverse impact on species at this island. Mr. Poag
brought to Mr. Dell's attention that presently, this island is
used by the public and that they have caused more environmental
damage to the island than the proposed development would by
slowly destroying the sand dunes and walking through nesting
grounds of the loggerhead turtles. Mr. Poag and Mr. Ryder
emphasized that developing the island would protect these species
since the property would be privately owned and trespassers would
be less likely to walk through a homeowner's yard. Ms. Gilliam
asked Mr. Dell, whether an endangered/threatened species which
had not been sited on the island in 10 years would still be
considered as such and would the applicant have to address it in
the environmental document. He said if the habitat exists, yes.
The next issue was brought up by Mr. Simms. He was concerned
that an EIS was too extensive for this project and that an EA
would be more appropriate. The question of why an EIS and not an
•

t
,?
f
i
W'A
rtment
Iwo 01 ortatio/Aff
United States
Coast Guard

Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
PUBLIC NOTICE 5-826
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
Federal Building
431 Crawford Street
Portsmouth, VA 2Y646( f4
Staff Sy b,QI `
Phonet%v4) . 398-6227
16593
0 6 JUN 1994
All interested parties are notified that an application has been
received from CENTURY/von Oesen, Consulting Engineers, (hereafter
referred to as applicant), representing Ms. Janie Pace Price, by
the Commander, Fifth Coast Guard District, for approval of
construction of a new privately-owned bridge/causeway over a
navigable waterway of the United States.
WATERWAY AND LOCATION: Mad Inlet, Bird Island, mile 0.03, Sunset
Beach, North Carolina.
CHARACTER OF WORK: Applicant proposes to construct two concrete
bridge sections and two causeway sections totaling 5,550 linear
feet along the same route used by a pre-existing wood
bridge/causeway that.was destroyed by fire. The bridge/causeway
system will be used to access Bird Island, private property owned
by Mrs. Price, from a piece of property at Sunset Beach, also
owned by Mrs. Price. The applicant is planning on developing
Bird Island as a 30 to 40 lot single family residential
subdivision once the bridge/causeway system is complete.
MINIMUM NAVIGATIONAL CLEARANCES:
Existing
Existing structure destroyed by
fire.
Proposed
Vertical clearance - 7 feet
at mean high water; 12 feet at
mean low water.
Horizontal clearance - 17 feet Horizontal clearance - 23 feet
between pilings normal to the between pilings normal to the
axis of the channel. axis of the channel.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: The U.S. Coast Guard, lead Federal
agency, has determined that this project will require the
preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement due to
preliminary comments made by certain environmental expertise
agencies concerning some environmental issues associated with the
proposed bridge. The applicant is in the process of preparing a
Draft EIS for this project. Once the DEIS has been thoroughly
reviewed and approved by the Coast Guard, it will be circulated
to a list of agencies and interested parties for review and
comment.

16593
iwi
The applicant has applied for a Water Quality Certificate and a
Coastal Zone Management Certificate for the proposed project.
Construction of the proposed project will not impact the
surrounding wetlands. The horizontal alignment of the causeway
has been designed to keep the cross-section out of the wetlands..`
The bridge section piers will be placed in the wetlands; however,`
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has reviewed the applicant's
plans and determined that since no filling or dredging will'
occur, a permit from the Corps will not be required for this
project.
The proposed project will not displace any owner/tenant occupied
family units or businesses. Bird Island is privately owned and
presently unoccupied.
A few threatened and endangered species are known to be present
at Bird Island. The applicant received the following information
from the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service regarding threatened and
endangered species:
tzs 1. Florida Manatee - This species is occasionally found in North
s 0),ksv ? Carolina from June to early October; however, this bird is
Q migratory and moves south as the water temperature drops.
2. Bald Eagle - There are few trees on Bird Island capable of
tam supporting a nest structure. Extensive visits during the last
two years on Bird Island have revealed no signs of Bald Eagles.
3. Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle/Leatherback Sea Turtles - Loggerhead
-sfi= µu3i sea turtles nest on the ocean side of Bird Island during the
C,,6,4j spring, summer and early fall. The project will not have an
impact to.this species since no construction activity is proposed
6PY-- along the ocean shoreline.
6-140 4. Wood Storks - This species is occasionally sited in the
vicinity of Sunset Beach during the summer months occupying the
marshes surrounding Bird Island; however, they are migratory and
are not known to nest in North Carolina.
5. Piping Plover - This species has been sited on the sand flats
near the eastern end of Bird Island at Mad Inlet. The Piping
Plovers arrive and begin nesting in late March and April and
depart the nesting grounds in August.
Endangered and threatened species are potentially present on Bird
Island; however, impacts can be avoided and the applicant will be
coordinating these efforts with the appropriate Federal and/or
State agencies responsible for the protection of such species.

2

16593
0 6 JUN 1994
No unique or prime farmland or wild and scenic rivers will be
impacted asa result of the proposed project.
SOLICITATION OF COMMENTS:
Interested parties are requested to express their views, in
writing, on the construction of the bridge/causeway giving
sufficient detail to establish a clear understanding of their
reasons for support of or opposition to the proposed work.
Comments will be received for the record at the office of
Commander (ob), Fifth,Coast Guard District, 431 Crawford Street,
Portsmouth, Virginia 23704-5004 through 19 JUL 1994
Map of location and plans attached.

ANN B. DEATON
Chief, Bridge Section
By direction of the Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
I
i
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WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA 24402
PROD=9118 DATE=1--31-c12 1 OF20
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
\ \\ ---------
1550 CAUSEWAY #1 \ ?. 630
- :\ , gR10GE #
PROPERTY LINE---. 440 12" RCP
\ CREEK \ \ k '>
JANIE PACE PRICE \ \ \.? X
9.4
12" RCP \ o? o -
?pLANO , EXISTING BULKHEAD* \FES
a e-r
UPLANDS
?- ' - ?0
- ---_ EXISTING BULKHEAD
,I•
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE y
WETLANDS LIMIT
PROPOSED ROADWAY
•
0 50 100 ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
SCALE IN FEET 1'-100'
REVISED FE9.1994
PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY. N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
'CENTURY/vanOesRS
x«suLTNC o+cwm+s .A?1rERs
an MOM Dow w1p= omAo K Ma 25-m
TmpHaC (nq „a046 FAX (MI) 763-MO
PROJECT : MM DATE : 12/14/93 E o! 20

APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
PROPOSED SWALE
WET ANDS LIMN
,
x 6.4
- -- C AvSEW A`( #1
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,mss __-
WETLANDS LIMIT ,
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EDGE OF GRASS
PRICE
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
0 50 100
SCALE IN FEET i'-100' RrAm rm.1994
LOCATION /
I,J/
-
O/
Qom,
/
PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACRM
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY. N.C.
FCR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
CENTURY/van r1 Oesen
CaNSUTwc o+c.+EExs At vueuExs
ioc tni) sr1-ato ?(su xs-+10
NI"CT : 3858 DATE : 12/1-/03 7 of 20
l"
N

PROPOSED
SWALE --?
WETLAND$ LIMIT ?k ! 8
APPROXIMATE LOCATION i UPLANDS
00 MHW LINE ?" --' / ' x°/RpPp I .2
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SWALE
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r (0
x 4.5
CREEKS ---
FLOOD WETLANDS LIMIT
EBB APPROXIMATE LOCATION MHW LINE -__-

•
0 50 100
SCALE IN FEET 1'100'
PROPOSED BRIDGE
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW

PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY. N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
C j y/von Oesen
conwLnNC ENancrrrs as PLANNERS
an warn 7roo snot. ru.om " 2"m
p,ap (1") 703-044 /MO (M) 7W-"M
PRaXCT : 3C.'S6 DAn:: 12/14/93 8 0} 20
RENSED FE8.1994

ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
N
01;1/
t
1;1
?; ? 111 \
WETLANDS 1 -
I WETLANDS
' I
EDGE GRASS
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X 4.1
ED
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X 3.1
• WETLANDS\
BRIDGE DRAINAGE PIPE
WETLANDS
X 4.7
PROPOSED BRIDGE
' TURNOUT
1R
0 50 100
_ J
--__ \ SCALE IN FEET 1'100'

PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
Nun
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
----- CENTURY/van Oesen
ca+wLnNC ENGINEERS a +N
\ 1 1 1 / i M 7?,Y•01N rX (IM) NA 29-M
Xt?M
REVISED FE8,1"4 PROJECT : 38W OATS : 12/14/93 9 of .20
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW /V
WETLANDS
EDGE GRASS' _
WETLANDS
/ HIGH POINT -
?OF BRIDGE
WETLANDS ELEV. 19.43
\%I I If It
PROPOSED BRIDGE
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TURNOUT
WETLANDS LIMIT
011
3.6
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APPROXIMATE +??• , MHW LINE
FLOOD
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N +J- j PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
x 5.6 NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
I WETLANDS BRUNSWICK?COUNTY, N.C.
t ?\ MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
WETLANDS CENTURY/von Oe8e•n.
wwo ff snmcatErts t PLANNERS
0 50 `100 CONSLOUNG
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EDGE OF GRASS REVISED IEe.1994
SCALE IN FEET t'-700' PROJECT : 3858 DATE : 12/74/9) 70 of 20
1

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APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
??pp0 EDGE OF GRASS i
WETLANDS i _
?gB
+ 7'9 WETLANDS LIMIT
CL CREEK
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--- ,
7 , Ole-
PROPOSED BRIDGE
EDGE OF GRASS
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WETLANDS LIMIT
PRO
ROADWAYD
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ACROSS
?- APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
0 50 100
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
SCALE IN FEET 1'100'
RE\15ED FEB.1994
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY. N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
CmLlImc. von Oes
Rs
Carsvl.nr.c o+a??ns • Pw+?cRS
so om " TWO f711aT. .u.w7u? rc law!
Mac (Mf) 743•aw 7AR (IM) Vas=
PROJECT : 3W DATE : 12/14/93 11 of =a
\t.l /
t.l
PROPOSED SWALE co
Lo
1
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1;1
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111
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1;1
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1

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PROPOSED ROADWAY
WETLANDS LIMIT -_--
USEw
CN
15 RCP
%it
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x 8.7
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x 18.3
APPROXIMATE END OF
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---------------
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APPROXIMATE
8.7 LOCATION 1 -
MHW LINE
----.•{
\ 8.8 WETLANDS
(
CAUSEWAY PROPOSED 8.5
UNDER THIS PERMIT
----------K 8.3
9
0 50 100
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
SCALE IN FEET 1'100'
REVISED FE0.1924
PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
mmoss
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
CENTURY/yon Ueaen
coNSU(.nNC ENawEExs r PwwERs
103 Mor" Mo $TO=. uAgatm kr- 71.01
p"m (1161 703-041 IAA (M" N3•4IM
PROS= : 3M DATE : 12/14/93 12 of '20
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE
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4
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STORMWATER PIPE
6?-12?D.1. , 7 1 1 PIPE SUPPORT
STORMWATER PIPE
VERT.
PIPE SUPPORT CLEARANCE
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0
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M.H.W.=5.0'
WATER
EL.-VARIES
1 1 _

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V BOTTOM
' EL.-VARIES

TYP. SECTION A-A THRU. BRIDGE
OVER WATER
' SCALE 1/4--l -0
•
REVISED FEB. 94
1'-3'
16'-0'
13'-6"
1'-3"
ASPHALT WEARING
SURFACE
CONCRETE
BARRIER O"N
iO
PIPE RACK O O
FOR UTILITIES in
_. of
®;' N EL.=VARIES
® I ?1'.
O O
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M EL
PRECAST CONC. •
-
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CORED DECK 4 DI PIPE 4 01 PIPE
DOWN SPOUT DOWN SPOUT
6'-12'0.1.
® 10'O.C. ® 10.O.C. STORMWATER PIPE
.
6"-12"D.I
STORMWATER PIPE
PIPE SUPPORT
PIPE SUPPORT
CO CAP
®.30±SPA.
2 CONCRETE
121 PILING
GROUND
EL.=VARIES

TYP. SECTION B-B THRU. BRIDGE
OVER WETLANDS AREA
SCALE: 1/4'-1'-0'
.i
REVISED FEB. 94
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STABILIZED SLOPES
W/STONE RIP RAP
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INLET. INLLT?
SHELL ROAD
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26'-0"
40'-0" MAXIMUM
PLAN @ ABUTMENT
SCALE: 1"=10'
BRIDGE EL.=14.25
SHELL ROAD
f
EMBANKMENT STABILIZED
? Am- i I
CONCRETE ABUTMENT
STORMWATER PIPE 1 BY STONE RIP RAP TO BE PLACED
°ABOVE WETLANDS AREAS
MHW ELEV.=5.0
1 1 APPROX. EXIST GRADE VARIES
MLW ELEV.=0.0--?---- J--J
I
ELEVATION @ ABUTMENT
SCALE: 110' PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
HEAP
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY. N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
ONW TjJRy/En Oesen
oowwLnnn Er1anE[RS & • atANlleRs
a" fmaT. Wunwm NA 3"m
won I.wl :.. o« A, (9")
?+-••
REVISED FEB. 94 PROJECT ; sees DATE : 12/14/93 19 of 20
13'-6"
r-CONCRETE
ABUTMENT
ii
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1 1
1 1
MHW=5.0'
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A V
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Re: Bird Island Project
Brunswick County
DEM # 92081
Thank you for your 13 July letter concerning the earlier request for wetland fill for the
bridge and causeway ,to Bird Island. Your statement that a 401 Water, Quality Certification is
not needed if a 404 permit is not required is correct. However if a CAMA permit is required
for this project (as I understand it is), DEM must comment to the Division of Coastal
Management with regard to water quality standards. Therefore the contunuation of your
continued work with DEM-Wilmington Regional Office staff is crucial. Similarly the EA,/EIS
process. will need to be completed before DEM cam make its final comment to the Division
of Coastal Management. To this end, I will retain this project file until final action is
warranted.
Please call me at 919-733-1786 if you have any questions.
Sincerely, __-_--
Jo n R. Dorney
92081.mem
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
U.S. COAST GUARD
COMMANDER
FIFTH COAST GUARD DISTRICT
431 CRAWFORD STREET
PORTSMOUTH. VA 23704-5004
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE. $300
FIRST CLASS MAIL
870456 8Copies
DIR ST CLEARINGHOUSE
716 WEST JONES ST
RALEIGH NC 27603
. U.8-IIMI??
Postage and Fees Paid
U.S. Coast Guard
DOT-514
GOnJa V V'D?
w n
•• y
w
+j 0EV0T10N?s??\G
REPORT DEFECTS IN AIDS TO NAVIGATION TO NEAREST COAST GUARD UNIT
I
f
61

US. Department
of Transportatio/Aff
United States
Coast Guard
Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
PUBLIC NOTICE 5-826
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
Federal Building
431 Crawford Street
Portsmouth, VA 23C W504
Staff Sy b?pI
Phonez%&' ) 398-6227
16593
0 6 JUN 1994
All interested parties are notified that an application has been
received from CENTURY/von Oesen, Consulting Engineers, (hereafter
referred to as applicant), representing Ms. Janie Pace Price, by
the Commander, Fifth Coast Guard District, for approval of
construction of a new privately-owned bridge/causeway over a
navigable waterway of the United States.
WATERWAY AND LOCATION: Mad Inlet, Bird Island, mile 0.03, Sunset
Beach, North Carolina.
CHARACTER OF WORK: Applicant proposes to construct two concrete
bridge sections and two causeway sections totaling 5,550 linear
feet along the same route used by a pre-existing wood
bridge/causeway that was destroyed by fire. The bridge/causeway
system will be used to access Bird Island, private property owned
by,'`Mrs. Price, from a piece of property at Sunset Beach, also
owned by Mrs. Price. The applicant is planning on developing
Bird Island as a 30 to 40 lot single family residential
subdivision once the bridge/causeway system is complete.
MINIMUM NAVIGATIONAL CLEARANCES:
Existing
Proposed
Existing structure destroyed by
fire.
Horizontal clearance - 17 feet
between pilings normal to the
axis of the channel.
Vertical clearance - 7 feet
at mean high water; 12 feet at
mean low water.
Horizontal clearance - 23 feet
between pilings normal to the
axis of the channel.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: The U.S. Coast Guard, lead Federal
agency, has determined that this project will require the
preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement due to
preliminary comments made by certain environmental expertise
agencies concerning some environmental issues associated with the
proposed bridge. The applicant is in the process of preparing a
Draft EIS for this project. Once the DEIS has been thoroughly
reviewed and approved by the Coast Guard, it will be circulated
to a list of agencies and interested parties for review and
comment.
t
16593
0 5 JUN 1994
No unique or prime farmland or wild and scenic rivers will be
impacted as a result of the proposed project.
SOLICITATION OF COMMENTS:
Interested parties are requested to express their views, in
writing, on the construction of the bridge/causeway giving
sufficient detail to establish a clear understanding of their
reasons for support of or opposition to the proposed work.
Comments will be received for the record at the office of
Commander (ob), Fifth Coast Guard District, 431 Crawford Street,
Portsmouth, Virginia 23704-5004 through 19 JUL 1994
Map of location and plans attached.
ANN B. DEATON
Chief, Bridge Section
By direction of the Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
3
., l5 Castic I r
,1 u t I[eYl .e 4 Riegelwood Rayne Scotts Hill
8 4 Acme N-0
o
r' ;? Hallsboto-L? 211 cx?' Bolton freeman Delc/ S C, ta .Pho ..iz Q; 11
ro Gordo Chadbcl :n a ck Waccamaw?ukv Maco jt vBSS\ilmin,? L'q/ q
I Bi?Inswi E lVaccornou 4 (f S 87 Le. and 1411 yr P? L; 11 Arse C
O I? L 130 U M ,?
C o + r 3 1. 4 J r! Re
l2 / take waccw..
Grove 410 1D1` 'e Stele ion 6 JSS N°•1 6 ; d 1t) ??/ ?gwrit
j Car *..a ?(f! rf ke a
trendon Bishop sont-nip l32 L g•
P t
1 Schulkans I '•'?e.noria!
%
7e Sidney C; ultd _ 4 Town Ce t orc:6 421 g c Mo<nnbr. .
J lh 1 ep ? c.
Mollie /O Id Doc o
• t , --? 211. yVinnab0w t .. 33
ty O j' Nakina 9 17 87 I 20 l S I?
ea iron Hill S S W 6 C K• Contlinu 8eu
E B R U N Orton Ianr Seabreeze
'f14 13 Sughill i? Bolivia Orro ordea` 1 f C o?l s"`ooh5t?i
fah j Ash
"r lC °^ ryny..a.cly I O Carolina Beach
Loris jJ t ?9 Boiling /,-ro..a-/ t I Aeg.anal aeocn Acc(
?? SupplyC --,Spring lakes :UvNr 1 El
SURE treway
P, 5
!30 WM
04 11 --' *Oldyt -Kure Beach
sbrook Shatlotte -- - --
LiSngwood 1 C Smith $] ` I-T?? Re910nal aeoch Access
DlvphlC 2t 1 ll ' et. Fisher State Rec. Area
9 5 1 T t: ?:Ft: Fisher
17 sh
Grissettown 130 Sunset 113? 21 C f
I S : ?t. `y4 sj 3Harbor pJ?
Longs ' /jam t`?J .?.?r•?,a., So t CbliCorncoke lnlef+
< Lon ??
J ?. easid ?+t H010en4o?, geachYaupon i JJJ
Little Catabash4 j s sho Beach Beach CaswellSµrrH IStANC
t Rived !-- Ocean Isle orip
!i'uiccmuIi g Beach G4°so? BeachllC SAID HERO ISLAND
1 , /?S^i' Tea filer a?
$Unsel LIGHTHOUSE CAPE ffAA -`
My
°Q North ht?Beac
Myrtle
Nizonville Beac O herrY Gro Beach
cc s?
_11 Ocean Drive Be .B' R D 7 Iv E1 V 1J !
Crescent Beach 1'. ? ?
?<<?i ^PROPOSED'PROJECT ?
17
'Myrtle Beach -
V IC INITY ' MAP_
SCALE: 1' - 10 MILES
N.C. oFFICAL HIGHWAY MAP
i
i
1
r
BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION
CARp
FOR
E?SSbry? JANIE PACE PRICE
SEAL l BIRD ISLAND, N. -C.
Zs ai JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECC
wta.Mtet6T0 N, K C_ 26A62
HENRY VON OESEN a ASSOCIATES
e. C E.
?aaaaiyaa t CON$tJIIING ENGINEERS a PLANNERS
MILYINOTON. NORTH CAROLINA 29402
111.???? v?r? PIt OJ=9118 DATE+I-31-c12 I O 220
REV. FEB.94

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\ ADO .._..------ _.._.._.._.._.._;._.._.IV_
c, \ O
\ CANAL
PRICE _ GORE
f ?\ \
APPROXIMATE LOCATION ---------
MHW LINE \ \
\\ ---------
--- l \ Q 6 30' r
1550 CAUSEWAY #1 \ \
440 BR10GE # -? 12" RCP
PROPERTY- LINE_
\ \ k ?o
%\ CREEK'
JANIE PACE PRICE \ \\ ., X 9.4
12 RCP . __-
rV
All
EXISTING BULKHEAD' \FES.
UP?ANO
UPLANDS
EXISTING BULKHEAD
86. \
PROPERTY LINE
APPROXIMATE LOCATION ?A \\
MHW LINE .7 \
WETLANDS LIMIT \
PROPOSED ROADWAY PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY,' N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
0 50 100 ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
CENTURYvim Oese-n
con?tt+c o+c?+EExs i FlAr?W-RS
r?ERs
SCALE IN FEET 1'-100' rom vw m w ..CMK Kc x.aa
wac (wq nrw« FAu (nq 7wt«M
REVISED FE8.1994
PROJECT : 3858 DATE : 12/14/93 6 of 20

APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE

WETLANos umlT
PROPOSED SWALE
)
,
ii x 6.4
N
S
„) CA WAY ?? , , . ?._.--. ? . _.
?,_ SSE
155 -
ROApwAY X -??P.P.
x 6:1
o ^ ?P \OPOSED -7-5- -
+
P. P.
9 9.6 6.
6S
6.7
1 6.6
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE ,
7 3 p5 a'
6.9
Z
WETLANDS LIMIT
EDGE OF GRASS
\ PRICE
PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
F\,? MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY. N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
0 50 100 CEN-IIW/von Oesen
coNSrtTwc tl+a+m(s t PLANNERS
So& "" UM STMM WbOCTC a Kc nA=
noC (919) 7s3-a« 7we (nq 7"-106
SCALE IN FEET 1"-100• AMSM FE9.1994
PROJECT : 31158 OATS :12/11/93 7 of 20

N
PROPOSED
SWALE
o / co ,x
WETLANDS LIMIT
-J6
APPROXIMATE LOCATION +
MHW LINE UPLANDS
K 7.3
??y?P GQ + Q? -
Js"?
/ % % " ,i ,?
x 4.3 ? -___-
% g.8
OLD P .P.
s s z PROPOSED
UPLANDS ;rj
SWALE
6`•?
ail ii /• /•.??"? -
*4.5
CREEK
FLOOD WETLANDS LIMIT
EBB APPROXIMATE LOCATION MHW LINE
PROPOSED BRIDGE
PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, N.C.
FOR
o so too MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
CgN'I'(JRy/vor. Oesen
CONSULTING ENCiNCERS i PLANNERS
SCALE IN FEET 1 •? 100 MT=.?--= SWA.QX l mx_ a.m
FAA (OW 77 NM
R£NSED FE8,1994
PROJECT : 35W OAlt : 12/1-/43 a of 20

ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
N
cif -.\ \ ;lii
WETLANDS -__--
??_ 1 , WETLANDS
v.
EDGE GRASS /' - ---
REEK
i f
z 3.3
„f
TURNOUT
11f
x 4.1
BRIDGE DRAINAGE PIPE
WETLANDS
EDG
RASS
CREEK
x 4.7
PROPOSED BRIDGE
lo,
x
_- 1 3.1
WETLANDS\
TURNOUT
1
I 1 ••? 0 50 100
\ SCALE IN FEET 1'100'

PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACRM
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAA
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
C FXr(Jpff/v mn O e s en
--? -- CONSULpn.o s+?at..u..a+v. ,? NC Mmam' RS 1< PL.ANHERS
? 1 ? swa
REVISED FE8.1994 PRO.IECT : 3W8 WE : 12/14/93 9 of 20
If
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW N
WETLANDS
1 '
EDGE GRASS' _
WETLANDS
HIGH POINT
OF BRIDGE
WETLANDS i ELEV. 19.43
PROPOSED BRIDGE
x 4.3
TURNOUT "!"-
i WETLANDS LIMIT
fx 3.6
x 4 K5. 5 APPROXIMATE LOCATION
+MHW LINE FLOOD
EBB
?,, upLAN 5 x
X6.9--T- WETLANDS LIMIT
PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACIRM
Its MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
1 t , t i x 5.6 / NEAR
TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
I WETLANDS BRUNSWICKFCOUNTY, N.C.
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
\ '--? WETLANDS TMCENT PY/van oesen
0 50 100 coN mWM w 2+c DOOM o OU 9 v " =4
--- eae e SIMM va Kc n•m
na-«w
mac (910) 70--041 rNe (Will
EDGE OF GRASS RENSm ???•
SCALE IN FEET 1'100' PROJECT : 3858 DATE : 12/14/43 10 of 20
f
N
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
MHW LINE i
,
?Vpp0 EDGE OF GRASS i
_ .. ?'
WETLANDS
Eg8 + *:7.9
WETLANDS LIMIT, gR?OGE
26-7O
0, 11 CREEK j
7.3 TURNOUT i
X
.4 If/p. P
it pi
' UPLANDS r
15" RCP
lb-
CD- -5r 5.3
LANDS q,>
Al f-
PROPOSED. BRIDGE
l •
EDGE OF GRASS '
WETLANDS
WETLANDS LIMIT !
"/- PROPOSED 4
ROADWAY
CREEK PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROSS
MAD INLET TO BIRD ISLAND
NEAR
SUNSET BEACH
APPROXIMATE LOCATION TOWN of
BRUNSWICK K COUNTY. . N.C.
FOR
PACE PRICE
MHW LINE MS. JANIE
0 50 100 CEl`I 1 yiv /vO7L OeseTT
ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW cotmt1 me fry. vw -
SCALE IN FEET 1'-100' "ae MaTM) y snag ? (* Ke 260m "oe 704-006
REN3E0 fE8.1994 PROJECT : 3838 OATS : 12/14/93 11 of 20

N

WETLANDS

APPROXIMATE LOCATION -__- ,
MHW LINE

PROPOSED ROADWAY
F
,
t WETLANDS LIMIT = __-
890',. 15" RCP o--'" Ivy
ct:i
PROPOSED SWALE co
Q
X 8.7 .2 P. P +- --.% yc+ ---
x 10 5 "ter- -- -- -r? ------
P.P.
x 9.8 `-- PROPOSED SWALE . ?'
\s.s WETLANDS LIMIT
APPROXIMATE 1 -
4 8.7 LOCATION
MHW LINE '•
WETLANDS
? x 18.3 ? 8.8
I '
APPROXIMATE END OF
CAUSEWAY PROPOSED k 8.5 -
UNDER THIS PERMIT PROPOSED BRIDGE/CAUSEWAY
ACROM
- 8.3 MAD INLET TOABIRD ISLAND
NCA
------ -
9 TOWN OF SUNSET BEACH
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, N.C.
FOR
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE
0 50 100
EE? ELEVATIONS ARE BASED ON MLW
SCALE IN FEET I'-100'
RE%ISM fED.1994
?CENTjjRy/von Oesen
coNSUnNC o+ar? k PtrNNQtS
SOD qIM TAO fMRT. ?11N070t KC LN2
l„OL („?) 7y-pN IAA (Ny 7aF??w
PROJECT : 30.SC DATE : 12/14/93 12 of -20
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July 13, 1994
Mr. John Dorney
Water Quality Section
DEM - DEHNR
P. 0. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Re: Water Quality Issues Update
Bird Island Project
Brunswick County, NC
Dear Mr. Dorney:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
In recent conversations with Glenn Dunn, Ms. Price's attorney, we learned
that the Water Quality Section is considering a cancellation of our request for
water quality certification for the Bird Island project. It is our understanding that
comments were given by your office in a correspondence dated October 8, 1993.
Our office, which is responsible for addressing your concerns, did not receive this
correspondence. It would be very helpful to the overall permit process if our office
could be included on the mailing list relating to water quality issues.
The last correspondence in our files containing comments from your office is
- dated October 12, 1992. In that letter, you discuss the need for a miti tion plan
to offset wetlands losses and the need to provide a stormwater manageent plan.
The bridge/causeway layout has been revised to eliminate all wetland
impacts. The 404 Permit process with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is no
longer being pursued. As a result, a wetlands mitigation plan is no longer needed
on this project.
It is also our understanding that the 401 Water Quality Certificate is only
required under the 404 Permit process. If our understanding is correct, then the
Bird Island project would no longer require a 401 Water Quality Certificate.
Please advise our client as to their project's status concerning this matter prior to
terminating the current 401 Water Quality Certificate 'request.
805 N. THIRD STREET I P.O. DRAWER 2087 1 WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402 1 919 763-0141 FAX [phone]
?RNTURY/von Oesen / CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Mr. John Dorney
Water Quality Section
Re: Water Quality Issues Update
Bird Island Project
July 13, 1994
Page 2
CENTURY/von Oesen also responded to your concerns relating to
stormwater controls. As a result of conversations with Wilmington DEM Water
Quality personnel, it is our understanding that no stormwater is allowed to runoff
the bridge into SA waters. Although our field review of several recent bridges
constructed by NCDOT did not reveal the application of this standard, a .
stormwater collection system was designed for the Bird Island bridge/causeway.
The submittal of the stormwater plan for Bird Island also included a
notarized deed restriction and protective covenant limiting the allowable built-
upon area of the entire project. These documents are currently being reviewed by
Ms. Linda Lewis, Environmental Engineer, Stormwater/Water Quality, DEM,
Wilmington.
We sincerely hope that the elimination of wetland impacts and the
submittal of stormwater control documents currently being reviewed, adequately
addresses your concerns stated in the October 12, 1992 correspondence. We also
look forward to receiving copies of future correspondence so that we may address
any future concerns relating to water quality on this project in a more timely
manner.
Please call the CENTURY/von Oesen office if you have any questions.
Sincerely yours,
ENT on Oesen
Q
Jo P. Ryder, A.S.L.A.
Environmental Project Manager
cc: Mr. Dave Adkins, DEM - Wilmington
Mr. Rees Poag
Ms. Janie Price
Mr. Glenn Dunn
dsb/3858
State of North Carolina
'5'J Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources A74*9
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary PA F1
A. Preston. Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
July S, 1994
MEMORANDUM
To: Melba McGee
Through: Monica Swihart
From: Eric Galamb
Subject: Water Quality Checklist for EIS Documents
Ms. Janie Pace Price ,
Brunswick County
EHNR # 94-0957, DEM # 10646
The Water Quality Section of the Division of Environmental Management requests that
the following topics be discussed in the EIS document:
A. Discuss the purpose of the bridge and the direct and secondary impacts that
will result from the proposed bridge. The secondary impacts should include all
development activities, such as residential and/or commercial buildings, and
associated methods of wastewater disposal.
B. Number of stream crossings.
C. Identify the stormwater controls (permanent and temporary) to be employed.
D. Please ensure that sediment and erosion control measures are not placed in
wetlands.
E. Wetland Impacts
i) Identify the federal manual used for identifying and delineating
jurisdictional wetlands. -
ii) Have wetlands been avoided as much as possible?
iii) Have wetland impacts been minimized?
iv) Mitigation measures to compensate -for habitat losses. -
v) Wetland impacts by plant communities affected.
vi) Quality of wetlands impacted.
vii) Total wetland impacts.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 60% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
40
.4
viii) List the 401 General Certification numbers requested from DEM.
F. Borrow/waste areas should avoid wetlands to the maximum extent practicable.
Prior to the approval of any borrow/waste site in a wetland, the contractor shall
obtain a 401 Certification from DEM.
G. Please provide a conceptual mitigation plan to help the environmental review.
The mitigation plan may state the following:
1. Compensatory mitigation will be considered only after wetland impacts have
been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent possible.
2. On-site, in-kind mitigation is the preferred method of mitigation. In-kind
mitigation within the same watershed is preferred over out-of-kind mitigation.
3. Mitigation should be in the following order: restoration, creation,
enhancement, and lastly banking.
A 401 Water Quality Certification may be required for this project. Please be aware
that 401 Certification may be denied if wetland impacts have not been avoided and
minimized to the maximum extent practicable.
jpprice.sco
State of North Carolina
r Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
July 8, 1994
K-i:,
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Drive
Greensboro, N.C. 27408
Dear Ms. Price:
DEM Project #92081, COE Project #199201050
Brunswick County
On 13 July 1992, you requested a 401 Water Quality Certification from the Division
of Environmental Management for your project (Bird Island bridge) located near Sunset
Beach in Brunswick County. We wrote to you on 8 October 1993 discussing concerns that
we have regarding the design of the project and placing it on hold until those concerns are
addressed. As of today, we have not received a response to our earlier letter. Unless we
receive a response from you by 21 July 1994, we will consider that you have withdrawn this
application and are not interested in pursuing the project at this time.
Please call me at 919-733-1786 if you have any questions or would like to discuss this
matter.
Sincerely,
(J?
Jo n R. Dorney
Wetlands and Technical eview Group
92081.clr
cc: Wilmington- DEM Regional Office
Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Central Files
Mr. Glenn Dunn; Poyner and Sprill
John Parker; DCM
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
Telephone [phone] FAX 919-733.-''A96
50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
ffl:5WA?EHNFi

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890 ;-
22
ecember 9, 1993 -t99`
D
IN REPLY REFER TO
Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199201050
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Drive
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408
Dear Ms. Price:
Reference your application for Department of the Army (DA) authorization
to construct an access road and bridge resulting in the discharge of fill
material in intertidal wetlands adjacent to Mad Inlet and the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW), Bird Island, near Sunset Beach, Brunswick
County, North Carolina.
Through coordination with your engineering consultant, Mr. John P. Ryder,
Century/von Oesen, we are aware that your proposal has been redesigned to
eliminate any discharge of excavated or fill materials in waters or wetlands.
We have carefully reviewed your revised plans of November 2, 1993, and we
agree that activity accomplished in strict accordance with these plans will
not require DA authorization pursuant to either Section 10 of the Rivers and
Harbors Act or Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Therefore, your
application for a DA permit has been retired.
The fact that a DA permit is not required does not relieve you of the
responsibility to obtain any other required approvals. A Federal permit,
subject to Section 9 of the Rivers and Harbors Act, must be obtained from the:
U.S. Coast Guard, and the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management and
other State, County and local agencies must be satisfied.
Should your plans be again revised or should you have questions regarding
DA regulatory jurisdiction, please ocontact Mr. Rudi Schiener, Wilmington
Field Office, Regulatory Branch, telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch

Copies Furnished:.
Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
Federal Building
431 Crawford Street
Portsmouth, Virginia 23705
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
John Dorney
Water Quality Section
Division of Environmental
Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
Ms. L. R. (Mike) Gantt
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Fish and Wildlife Enhancement
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
Mr. Larry Hardy
National Marine Fisheries Service
Habitat Conservation Division
Pivers Island
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
-2-
Mr. Thomas Welborn, Chief
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency - Region IV
Wetlands Regulatory unit
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
Mr. C. Robert Stroud, Jr.
Wilmington Regional Office
North Carolina Division
of Coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-
3845
Mr. Wallace R. Sherron, Director
State Property Section
North Carolina Department of
Administration
116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603-8003
Mr. John P. Ryder
Century/von Oesen
Post Office Drawer 2087
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
Mr. John R. Oxenfeld
Post Office Box 422
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
H. Glenn Dunn
Partner
Direct Dial: 919/783-2842
PM?FR&&DR=
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
October 26,
Mr. John R. Dorney
Wetlands and Technical Review Group
Department of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
Re: DEM Project #92081, COE Project #199201050
Brunswick County
Dear John:
3600 Glenwood Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27612
Mailing Address:
Post Office Box 10096
Raleigh, North Carolina 27605-0096
919/783-6400
Fax: [phone]
Offices:
Raleigh/Rocky Mount/
Charlotte/Greenville
I am responding on behalf of Mrs. Janie Price to your letter
of October 8, 1993. Mrs. Price has not withdrawn her 401 Water
Quality Certification Application and will continue to pursue the
Bird Island bridge project.
We apologize for the delay in responding to DEM's concerns
regarding the design of the project. For nearly a year, we have
been concentrating on working with Sunset Beach regarding zoning of
,the Island. Now that zoning has been adopted, we will be turning
our attention back to State and federal permits. We expect
Century/von Oesen to have a response to you within a few weeks.
Sincerely,
H. Glenn Dunn
HGD/ j sh
cc: Mrs. Janie Price
Mr. Rees Poag

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., RE„ Director
October 8, 1993
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Drive
Greensboro, N.C. 27408
Dear Ms. Price:
?EHNR
DEM Project # 92081,COE Project # 199201050
Brunswick County
On 13 July 1992, you requested a 401 Water Quality
Certification from the Division of Environmental Management for
your project (Bird Island bridge) located at Sunset Beach in
Brunswick County. We wrote to you on 12 October 1992 discussing
concerns that we have regarding the design of the project and
placing it on hold until those concerns are addressed. As of
today, we have not received a response to our earlier letter.
Unless we receive a written response from you by 29 October 1993,
we will consider that you have withdrawn this application and are
not interested in pursuing the project at this time.
Please call me at 919-733-1786 if you have any questions or
would like to discuss this matter.
Sincerely,
Joh R. Dorney
Wetlands and Tech cal Review Group
92081.wtd
cc: Wilmington DEM Regional Office,
Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Central Files
John Parker; DCM
Mr. Glenn Dunn; Poyner and Spruill
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO December 8, 1992
Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199201050
Ms. Janie Pace Price
1801 Carlisle Drive
Greensboro, North Carolina 27408
Dear Ms. Price:
F?
a 4 092
WETLANDS GROUP
WATER 011AI IlY RFr7inm
Reference your application for a Department of the Army (DA) permit to
construct a bridge, causeway, and access pier spanning waters and wetlands
adjacent to Mad Inlet, the Atlantic Ocean, and Bird Island near Sunset Beach,
Brunswick County, North Carolina.
The interest of the overall general public, the concerns of Federal review
agencies and anticipated impacts of your proposal on the environment indicate
to us the need to process your request as an individual action. Therefore, we
have discontinued the procedures of our general permit, No. CESAW-C080-N-000-
0291, which provides Federal authorization for construction activities that
receive authorization from the State of North Carolina. A public notice is
being issued to advertise your application. We do not expect this change of
administrative processing method to delay our decision.
During a November 9, 1992 meeting, your representatives were informed that
anticipated impacts of your proposed work would have to be evaluated in an
Environmental Assessment (EA). Specific items that must be addressed include:
a. The delineation of wetlands along the access and on the island.
Alignments must be reviewed/approved by a representative of the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers and we strongly recommend that it be surveyed.
b. Your plan for the island presenting detailed information on planned
developmental levels and locations, planned enforcement of building
restrictions, treatment of sewage and surface water runoff and other related
features. As stated in the referenced meeting, our need is to determine what
your future plan for the island is so that the potential impacts of the plan
can be assessed. We are not seeking development of a plan which does not
reflect your intent, but we must be assured that the purpose and need for the
bridge and causeway to the island is clear before appropriate consideration
can be given to the possibility of issuance of a permit to impact the waters
and wetlands of the area. We must also have sufficient information to
adequately assess the impacts of the proposal.
i t.&P,

i
-2-
c. Consultation under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act with the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).
d. Identification of existing fish and wildlife resources within the
property boundaries. Marine, freshwater, and upland habitat types should be
quantified by area and summarized in maps and appropriate overlays. Habitat
values should be quantified within each habitat type.
e. Identification of impacts to fish and wildlife resources. This should
include impacts because of the bridge and causeway construction„,and impacts
resulting from development on the island.
f. Identification of impacts to cultural resources, recreation and
esthetics.
g. Identification of present water classifications and water quality
standards applicable to the surrounding waters and potential impacts to these
designations.
h. A description of any proposed mitigation plans.
i. An assessment of the socioeconomic impacts.
j. An assessment of other alternatives for access to the island instead
of the proposed causeway and bridge and an assessment of the potential impacts
of those alternatives on the resources of the island and surrounding waters
and wetlands.
Enclosed to assist your preparation of an EA is a copy of the Federal
regulations on "Procedures for Implementing the National Environmental Policy
Act." The format for presenting your EA is specified in this publication.
The findings within your EA will determine whether an Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) must be prepared. Please indicate to us in writing, by
December 18, 1992, your intentions regarding the schedule for your EA and
continuance of your application.
If you have questions please contact Mr. Rudolf Schiener, Wilmington Field
office, Regulatory Branch, telephone [phone].
Sincerely yours,
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch
Enclosure
f0I

-3-
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. Larry Hardy
National Marine Fisheries Service
Habitat Conservation Division
Pivers Island
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency - Region IV
Wetlands Regulatory Unit
345 Courtland Street, NE.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Ms. L.K. (Mike) Gantt
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Fish and Wildlife Enhancement
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. John Dorney
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of
V Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Ms. Carol Miller
Wilmington Regional Office
North Carolina Division of
Land Quality
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845
Mr. H. Glenn Dunn
Poyner & Spruill
Post Office Box 10096
Raleigh, North Carolina 27605-0096
Mr. John P. Ryder
Environmental Project Mqanager
Henry von Oesen & Associates
Post Office Drawer 2087
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
Mr. C. Robert Stroud, Jr.
Wilmington Regional Office
North Carolina Division of
Coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 284.05-3845
Mr. Jim Gregson
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845
State Property Office
North Carolina Department of
Administration
116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611

I
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
October 2, 1992
Colonel Walter S. Tulloch`
District Engineer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina_ 28402-1890
Attention: Regulatory Branch
Dear Colonel Tulloch:
¦
TAIL
PRIDE R ?¦

This responds, to Dr. Wayne Wright's September 21, 1992, letter
requesting the_U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) to review
the September 10, 1992, formal response prepared by Henry Von Oeson
and Associates,' as agents for Janie Pace Price. That formal
response addressed the Service's August 11, 1992, report which
recommended the denial of a Department of the Army permit for Mrs.
Price's application (Public Notice, 199201050, dated June 30, 1992)
to place fill material in wetlands to construct bridges and repair
earthen causeways for access to Bird: Island, adjacent to the
Atlantic Ocean, near Sunset Beach, Brunswick County, North
Carolina. This supplemental report is submitted in accordance with
the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended;
16 U.S.C. 661-667d), and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). It is to be used in your
determination of compliance with 404(b)(1) guidelines (40 CFR 230)
and in your public interest review (33 CFR 320.4) as they relate to
protection of fish and wildlife resources.
In the Service's August 11, 1992, report we recommended against
permit issuance based on: 111) the high fish and wildlife habitat
value of project area wetlands and maritime habitat; 2) the
significant functional values of project area wetlands; 3) the
non-water dependent nature of the residential development of Bird
Island; 4) adverse effects to coastal barrier, maritime, and
estuarine processes; and 5) probable adverse effects to Federally-
listed, threatened species".
The Service linked its comments on the proposed bridges and
causeway to the residential development of Bird Island because it
is clear that the two are integral components of one overall
project. The proposed access could not stand on its own as a
viable project without the residential development. Therefore, the
Service will continue to regard residential development of Bird
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Bird Island lies within the Waites Island Complex (M01) of the
Coastal Barrier Resources System. Section 6 of the Coastal
Barriers Resource Act (16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), as amended by the
Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990, restricts Federal
expenditures and subsidies for any development in the Coastal
Barrier Resources System. This restriction is meant to discourage
development, subsidized at public expense, in high-risk barrier
systems subject to frequent storm tides and constantly shifting
landforms. However, the applicant, according to her September 10,
1992 formal response to our earlier recommendations, does not
.intend to use Federal money to complete island development.
The Environmental Protection Agency's 404(b)(1) Guidelines,
developed pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, prohibit
the discharge of dredged or fill material for non-water dependent
proposals in wetland areas if there is a practicable alternative
which would have less impact on the aquatic ecosystem. Those
guidelines further specify that for non-water dependent activities
proposed for special aquatic sites (e.g., wetlands), practicable
alternatives which do not involve special aquatic sites are
presumed to exist unless clearly demonstrated otherwise.
Although the Public Notice does not describe future plans for
residential development of Bird Island, it does state that such
development is the primary goal of the current application.
Moreover, the proposed access could not stand on its own as a
viable project without the residential development. The Service,
therefore, considers such development an integral part of the
currently proposed project and will make recommendations to
conserve wetlands and other fish and wildlife habitats based on the
entire development rather than the incomplete project described in
the Public Notice.
The Service's Mitigation Policy for impacts resulting from water
dependent activities require the minimization of impacts by
avoidance or reduction, and the compensation of unavoidable
impacts. As noted above, the Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines presume
the existence of alternatives, to avoid wetland impacts, for
projects which do not require a location in wetlands. Based on the
Land Use Restriction Map cited above, and the Service's own field
investigations, it appears likely that wetland swales dissect Bird
Island so extensively, or are configured in such a way, so that
residential development would unavoidably affect wetland habitats
directly. As a residential development does not need to be located
in wetlands to fulfill its basic purpose of providing housing, the
Service, therefore, believes that the proposed project is not in
compliance with the Environmental Protection Agency's 404(b) (1)
guidelines.
Wetlands and intertidal habitats in the project area provide
habitat to two Federally-listed species protected under the
Endangered Species Act. Piping plovers may be adversely affected
by the project if, as is likely, the natural overwash and shoaling
processes of project area inlets are altered, and by increased

disturbance by humans, their pets, and predators drawn by human-
related debris. Loggerhead turtles are likely to be adversely
affected by beachfront development, increased use of Bird Island
beaches by lot owners, and predators (such as raccoons,.dogs, and
cats) that would be provided improved access to Bird Island by the
causeway or would be attracted by human-related debris or habitat
alterations. Due-to the likely adverse effects to piping plovers
and sea turtles that use the project area, formal consultation with
the Service, under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, will be
required to evaluate impacts to these Federally-listed species and
.their habitats. Our November 17, 1992, letter to Von Oesen and
Associates, Inc. provides the necessary Section 7 consultation
guidelines.
In summary, the Service recommends that a Department of the Army
permit not be issued for the proposed work based on: 1) the high
fish and wildlife habitat value of project area wetlands and
maritime habitat; 2) the significant functional values of project
area wetlands; 3) the non-water dependent nature of the
residential development of Bird Island; 4) adverse effects to
coastal barrier, maritime, and estuarine processes; and 5)
probable adverse effects to Federally-listed, threatened species.
We reiterate that the Public Notice provides incomplete plans for
the proposed development, and the Service respectfully requests
complete project plans for the island development. Lacking such
essential information, and in view of the expected adverse impacts
identified in this report, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
recommends that this application for a Department of the Army
permit be denied.
As you are aware, there is significant public interest in this
proposed project. The Service has received letters and phone calls
from 14 separate persons and groups urging us to oppose this
project. Our list of private commenters probably overlaps with
yours, but we will be pleased to provide you with copies of these
letters if you need them.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this project.
Please advise us of any action taken by the Wilmington District,
Corps of Engineers. You may contact David Dell, Permit
Coordinator, of this office if you have any question regarding our
recommendations.
Sincerely,

L.K. "Mike" Gantt
Supervisor
3
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Action ID No. 199201050
December 10,
PUBLIC NOTICE
MS. JANIE PACE PRICE, 1801 Carlisle Road, Greensboro, North Carolina
27408, has applied for a Department of the Army.(DA) permit TO CONSTRUCT AN
ACCESS ROAD WITH BRIDGING AND PLACE FILL MATERIAL IN INTERTIDAL WETLANDS
ADJACENT TO MAD INLET AND THE ATLANTIC INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY (AIWW), BIRD
ISLAND, NEAR SUNSET BEACH, Brunswick County, North Carolina.
The following description of the work is taken from data provided by the
applicant and from observations made during an onsite visit by a
representative of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Plans submitted
with the application show the proposed construction of a 6,100-foot-long
access road consisting of 2,330 linear feet of pile-supported bridging and
3,770 linear feet of 46-foot-wide road and shoulder on an existing, or to be
reconstructed, sand causeway.
An estimated 0.23 acre of intertidal marsh is to be filled. This area
comprises approximately 470 linear feet of eroded fill causeway at the eastern
end of the access road. The wetland is sparsely vegetated with saltmarsh
cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), sea lavender (Limonium svv.), saltwort
(Salicornia slop.) and Suaeda maritima. The purpose of the work is to gain
access to the central section of the island, approximately 55 to 60 acres of
high ground, to construct single-family residences and amenities. Plans
showing the work are included with this public notice.
The applicant has determined that the proposed work is consistent with the
North Carolina Coastal Zone Management Plan and has submitted this
determination to the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (NCDCM) for
their review and concurrence. This proposal shall be reviewed for the
applicability of other actions by North Carolina agencies such as:
a. The issuance of a Water Quality Certification under Section 401 of the
Clean Water Act by the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
(DEM).
b. The issuance of a permit to dredge and/or fill under North Carolina
General Statute 113-229 by the NCDCM.
C. The issuance of a permit under the North Carolina Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA) by the NCDCM or their delegates.

-3-

decision whether to authorize a proposal, and if so the conditions under which
it will be allowed.to occur, are therefore determined by the outcome of the
general balancing process. That decision should reflect the national concern
for both protection and utilization of important resources. All factors which
may be relevant to the proposal must be considered including the cumulative
effects thereof. Among those are conservation, economics, aesthetics, general
environmental concerns, wetlands, cultural values, fish and wildlife values,
flood hazards and flood plain values (in accordance with Executive Order
11988), land use, navigation, shore erosion and accretion, recreation, water
supply and conservation, water quality, energy needs, safety, food and fiber
production, mineral needs, considerations of property ownership, and, in
general, the needs and welfare of the people. For activities involving the
placement of dredged or fill materials in waters of the United States, a
permit will be denied if the discharge that would be authorized by such permit
would not comply with the Environmental Protection Agencies' 404(b)(1)
guidelines. Subject to the preceding sentence and any other applicable
guidelines or criteria, a permit will be granted unless the District Engineer
determines that it would be contrary to the public interest.
The USACE is soliciting comments from the public; Federal, State and local
agencies and officials; Indian Tribes and other interested parties in order to
consider and evaluate the impacts of this proposed activity. Any comments
received will be considered by the USACE to determine whether to issue,
modify, condition or deny a permit for this proposal. To make this decision,
comments are used to assess impacts on endangered species, historic
properties, water quality, general environmental effects and the other public
interest factors listed above. Comments are used in the preparation of an
Environmental Assessment and/or an Environmental Impact Statement pursuant to
the National Environmental Policy Act. Comments are also used to determine
the need for a public hearing and to determine the overall public interest of
the proposed activity.
Generally, the decision whether to issue this DA permit will not be made
until the DEM issues, denies, or waives State certification required by
Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. The DEM considers whether or not the
proposed activity will comply with sections 301, 302, 306, and 307 of the
Clean Water Act. The application and this public notice for the DA permit
serve as application to the DEM for certification.
Additional information regarding the Clean Water Act certification may be
reviewed at the offices of the Environmental Operations Section, North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management, Salisbury Street, Archdale
Building, Raleigh, North Carolina. Copies of such materials.will be furnished
to any person requesting copies upon payment of reproduction costs.
The DEM plans to take final action in the issuance of the Clean Water Act
certification on or after January 22, 1992.
IS Castle
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DIVISION OF
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APR 21 1992
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JANIE PACE PRICE
13IRD ISLAND, N. C.
JOHN R. OXENFELD. A.I.A. ARCHITECTI
0% r- ><.... ,
HENRY VON OESEN 6 ASSOCIATES
® CONSLUVM LNGPWJ S • PLANNER=
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From:

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North Carolina Department of Environment
_ X
Health, and Natural Resources g?? Printed on Recycled Paper

4 d?srVta?
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division pf Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
James G. Martin, Governor A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E.
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary November 24, 1992 Acting Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Charles E. Davis
FROM: John R. Dorne?Pe
RE: DEM Water Quality review of Bird Island'Project
DEM Project # 92081
Brunswick County
Attached is a copy of a 12 October 1992 letter which I wrote
concerning DEM concerns about the Bird Island project.
Apparently the letter was never sent. I apologize for any
inconvenience that this may have caused. Please call me at 919-
733-1786 if you have any questions.
birdmem.ltr
cc: John Parker, Division of Coastal Management
DEM Wilmington Regional Office
Central Files
Mr. Glenn Dunn
REGIONAL OFFICES
Asheville Fayetteville Mooresville Raleigh Washington Wilmington Winston-Salem
704/251`-6208 919/486-1541 704/663-1699 919/571-4700 919/946-6481 919/395-3900 919/896-7007
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Oppominiry Affirmative Action Employer
s"v . 91`.
October 12, 1992
Mr. Charles E. Davis, P.E.
Henry•Van Oesen Associates, Inc.
805 North Third Street
P.O. Drawer 2087
Wilmington, N.C. 28402
Dear Mr. Davis:
RE: Janie Pace Price project (Bird Island)
DEM # 92081
Brunswick County
Thank you for your 28 August 1992 letter to Mr. John Parker in response
to our request for additional information needed to complete action on the
above mentioned project. Your explanation for the need for a 26-foot wide
causeway is.acceptable to DEM. With respect to the mitigation plan, DEM will
need to have a specific location for mitigation to supplement the information
you provided. Please inform us of the exact location of the proposed
mitigation site so we can determine whether your mitigation plan is likely to
succeed.
We still have problems with respect to your response concerning
stormwater controls. The project which you have applied for (namely the road
and causeway) exceeds our 25% impervious limit. You must either 1) submit a
stormwater plan for the road and causeway or 2) resubmit your project with
development plans for the entire island so we can determine whether the entire
development will need a stormwater plan. Until a stormwater plan for the road
or complete development plan for the entire development is submitted, DEM
cannot complete action on the required 401 Water Quality Certification. By
copy of this letter, we are requesting that the Division of Coastal Management
retain the project on hold until these questions are resolved.
Please call me at 919-733-1786 if you have any questions or consult with
Mr. David Adkins in our Wilmington Regional Office at 919-395-3900.
S ince+re.1,y,
John R. Dorney
Wetlands and Technical Review Group
birdis.ltr/B-JRD
cc: John Parker, Division of Coastal Management
DEM Wilmington Regional Office
Central Files
Mr. Glenn Dunn

4
State of NlorLh Caro). a
Departni nt of Environxn.en.t, Health, and' Natural. Resources
Division of Envixonmental Mauj .gernccra
P.O. Lox 29535
Raloigh, INrC 27626-05
Wn 1rF. OUAIXFY SB I N
FAX -# 919x33-1338
T l_.FCOPY TO
EA\' NUMBER-.
FROM: u
NO. OF PAGES, INC LJDI!\TG COVF-R SIMET: _
3t

NOU 24 192 14:13 TO 19197331338---3858 FROM H. VON OESEN ASSOC. T-194 P.01
* wo `
HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES
E0 CONSULTING ENGINEERS Telephone[phone]
AND PLANNERS Fax [phone]
805 NORTH THIRD STREET P_0. DRAWER 2087 WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA 28402
Date Time:
To:
Attention;
F rom :
r

" -, R'4 CI e,-
Number of Pages (including this transmittal): -3
Comments:
lq?s-
Fax Number. 9 1 °t y 9 3? " ? HvO&A P ro j ect No 85 ?
NOU 24 192 14:13 TO 19197331338---3858 FROM H. VON OESEN ASSOC. T-194 P.02
HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES
CONSULTING ENGINEERS Telephone [phone]
AND PLANNERS Fax [phone]
805 NORTH THIRD STREET P.O. DRAWER 2087 WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402
October 27, 1992
Mr. Dave Adkins,. Regional Supervisor
Water Quality Section
Division of Environmental Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
Re: Mrs. Janie Pace Price
Permit Application for Access
to Bird Island
Dear Mr. Adkins:
In response to your request that a Stormwater Management Plan be provided
as a part of the ermit application for the Bird Island bridge/causeway, we have
performed a preliminary quantity take-off of the effected area. The impervious
areas associated with the bridge/causeway equals approximately 3.1 acres while
the area above mean high water totals 18.4 acres. This results in the percentage of
impervious surface in Phase I totaling only 17 percent.
We also did calculations to determine an estimate of the length of time any
given linear foot of the bridge/causeway would be utilized in a given year. Our
estimate was based on the following information:
• Total Units: 15 each
Rorg of Oecnyuinev(Year
1,095 days
122 units x 26 weekends 0 3 days/weekend = 93fi days
Total Days = 2,031 days
Note: Most units are anticipated to be utilized as second homes with the
majority of occupancy to occur on weekends.
• Total Vehicular ZjRaM
Two (2) round trips/day
4 trips x 2,031 days = 8,124 trips/year
Lendh of w : 6,070 IS or 1.2 miles
NOU 24 9214.13 T© 19197331338---3858 FROM H. UON OESEN ASSOC. T-194 P.03

Re: Mrs. Janie Pace Price
Permit Application for Access
to Bird Island
October 27, 1992
Page 2
• Time aflijns: Although posted speed limit is anticipated to be 35 mph, we
used a conservative 25 mph.
25 mile - 1.2 miles; 2.88 minJtrip
60 min. X min.
2.88 min./trip x 8,124 tripslyear = 23,397.12 min./year
• Time of Bridg, / A U s4WAy Usage
2a a. in./year = 3.9 min./year/linear foot
6,0701.f.
The low level of impervious surface (17 percent), low utilization rate (3.9
min./year/l.f.), and the fact that the bridge is constructed of non-petroleum based
material (concrete) will result in no appreciable degradation of water quality.
It is also worth noting that this project is a redevelopment of an existing
access road. While we do not expect this project to effect water quality, we will
meet the stormwater management requirements to the maximum practical, as
required for a redevelopment project.
We hope this information will be helpful to you in making your
determinations concerning the requirements for a Stormwater Management Plan
for the Bird Island bridge/causeway. Thank you for your immediate consideration
of this matter.
Sincerely yours,
HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
Charles Ea v P. E.
President
cc: Mrs. Janie Pace Price
Mr. Rees Poag
Mr. Glenn Dunn
dsb
,. TRANSMISSION REPORT

( NOV 24 '92 01:45PM )

* DATE START REMOTE TERMINAL MODE TIME RESULTS TOTAL DEPT. FILE
TIME IDENTIFICATION PAGES CODE NO.

NOV 24 01:44PM 919 763 4136 G3E ST 01'16" OK 03

EP-02-'92 WED 13:41 ID:DIU OF COASTAL MGMNT TEL NO:C919) ?33-1495 9_fUb H02
HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES
CONSULTING ENGINEERS Telephone[phone]
A N D P L A N N E R S Fax [phone]
845 NORTH THIRD STREET P.O. DRAWER 2087 WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402
August 28, 1992 q?l ii0!
Mr. John R. Parker, Jr. :X"- 7
Major Permits Processing
Division of Coastal Management 7992 -
N_ C_ Dept. of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources A_?P. D. Box 27687 r
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687 ?'I
Re: Bird Island Access Application
Janie Pace Price Property
Dear Mr. Parker: Bird Island (Brunswick County)
In response to your letter dated August 12, 1992 requesting
additional information in connection with the above permit ap-
plication, we are submitting herewith this information on behalf
of Mrs. Price. Your letter had an attached memo dated July 30,
1992 from Mr. John Dorney, NCDEM Water Quality Section, request-
ing information in three paragraphs:
A. Necessity for 26-foot Wide Causeways
The 26-foot wide causeways have been designed to facilitate
two-way traffic while the bridge structures width of 13.5
feet only allows for vehicles to pass in one direction at a
time. This approach allows for a minimum of expenditure for
the extensive bridge structures that have been proposed to
cross over and protect the wetland area of this site-
It is also worth noting that while the causeway has been
designed for two-way traffic, its footprint remains within
the upland area of the original roadway with the exception
of the small areas of wetlands impacted by Causeway No. 3.
Even these small wetland areas were part of the original
roadway bed and have only recently become wetlands as a
result of weathering activity.
R. Provision of Detailed Wetlands Mitigation Plan
The applicant fully understands that a detailed wetlands
mitigation plan including a proposed monitoring schedule
would be required for assuming performance of the Plan.
This Plan would be submitted and approved prior to the com-
mencement of construction activities. It does not appear to
be practical or reasonable to require a detailed Mitigation
Plan submittal at application review phase.
CEP-02-192 WED 13:41 ID:DIV OF COASTAL MGMNT TEL NO:C919) 733-1495
#305 P03
Mr. John R. Parker, Jr.
August 28, 1992
Page 2
The detailed mitigation
mit application because
by the regulatory agenc
to allow mitigation and
quired is finalized, we
plan.
plan was not supplied with the per-
we were waiting the concept approval
ices. once the decision has been made
the total acreage that will be re--
are prepared to proceed with the
As for a planting schedule, the variety of wetlands to be
constructed is expected to be similar in nature to the exist-
ing wetlands that are being impacted. In general, these wet-
lands consist of a plant community typical of the upper
reaches of a tidal marsh. The plant community currently lo-
cated in the wetland areas to be impacted consist mainly of
the following species:
Salt-Meadow Hay (Spartina patens)
Black Needle Rush (Juncus roemerianus)
Marsh Pennywort (Hydrocotyle umpellata)
Sea Lavender (Limonium carolinianum)
Glasswort (Salicornia spp.)
Our general methodology for construction of the mitigation
area will consist of three stages. The first stage will be
to grade the appropriate acreage of the spoil areas adjacent
to existing continuous wetland areas- Appropriate measures
will be taken during these operations to control sedimenta-
tion and run-off to insure the integrity of the adjoining
wetland areas-
Once the areas have been properly graded to facilitate the
necessary hydrologic conditions, planting would begin. Ex-
isting plant materials located in the wetland areas to be
impacted would then be transplanted to the mitigation area,
Additional similar plant materials would then be obtained
from available nursery stock to supplement transplanted
materials in sufficient quantities to provide a ground cover
ratio similar to the original wetland areas.
Monitoring of the mitigation area would begin immediately
upon completion of the planting activities. A survey of
plant species and densities would be obtained and compared
to a survey perforated on the original impacted wetlands
areas prior to transplanting activities. Monitoring would
then be performed annually for a minimum of five years or
until,it becomes obvious that the mitigation area has stabi-
lized.
C. Requirement for Stormwater Management plan
As outlined in our comments in Attachment "A" to the permit
application, it is our interpretation of 15 A NCAC 2H.1000
EP-02-'92 WED 13:42 ID:DIU OF COASTAL MGMNT TEL NO:[phone]
Mr. John R. Parker, Jr.
August 28, 1992
Page 3
9,_?Ub H04
that this project does not require a Stormwator Management
Plan.
Due to the fact that less than 10 percent of the entire
residential development, including the access road, will be
impacted by impervious surfaces, a Stormwater Management
Plan is not required. It is also worth noting that the high
permeability of the soils on this site and the limited im-
pacts of this low density development will result in a mini-
mum of stormwater runoff.
For your information in tracking this application status, we
submit the following:
February 5, 1992 Permit application submitted
February 18, 1992 Met with DCM (Ed Brooks)
February 26, 1992 On-site inspection with NCDCM, Corps of En-
gineers and Hv0&A
March 6, 1992 On-site meeting with NCDCM, Corps of En-
gineers and HvO&A
March 26, 1992 Corps' response on February 26 meeting
April 6, 1992 Wetlands line verification, submitted by HvO&A
April 10, 1992 Revised application submitted
May 18, 1992 On-site meeting for wetlands line verifica-
tion with NCDCM, Corps of Engineers and HvO&A
In view of the over six months' lapse since the first submit-
tal, we respectfully request that the application processing
resume immediately. If additional information is needed, please
let us know as quickly as possible.
Sincerely yours,
HENRY VON DEJEP A ASSOCIATES, INC.
Charles E. Davis, P. E.
CED/GGB/3858
cc: Ms Janie Pace Price
Mr. Rees Poag
Mi. Glenn Dunn
' L ,QEP-02-' 92 IJED 13'40 I D: D I V OF COASTAL MGMNT TEL NO: C919D 733-1495
4'-u5 Hui --
64??'
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
225 North McDowell Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
James G. Martin, Governor Roger N- Schecter
William W. Cobey, Jr-, Secretary
FAX TRANSMITTAL ,
t 1992
TO:
FAX #:

DATE: 'I - c?--
`) 1 751 -- t -& 3 ?
FROM: ?--
PAGES: (including this cover sheet)
SUBJECT: \ \'-?-s.r IA'
P.Q. Box 27687, Raleigh. Noah Carollna 27611-7687 Tclcphonc 919-733-2293
An Fqual Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
Nor dl Ca?.)na
State 0).
Uepa.rr•.r.?.).ent of JSnvironm%--n.t, Health, andi Natural. ResourceS
Division of Snviropurnental 1\/j',aria.gcrrj :n.i
P.O. Pox 29535
Raleigh, NC 270526-0535
FAX # 919[733-1338
TELECO?Y T0: Dw" l
FAX !,,rU1\/iBEP,:
n06
VN PEI
FROM:
1\70. Or- >>A G -rS, 11, Cr uDTNG• CO'\MER SIMET:
.M • ;* .
? Fit f COPY
October 12, 1992
Mr. Charles E. Davis, P.E.
Henry Van Oesen Associates, Inc.
805 North Third Street
P.O. Drawer 2087
Wilmington, N.C. 28402
Dear Mr. Davis:
RE: Janie Pace Price project (Bird Island)
DEM # 92081
Brunswick County
Thank you for your 28 August 1992 letter to Mr. John Parker in response
to our request for additional information needed to complete action on the
above mentioned project. Your explanation for the need for a 26-foot wide
causeway is acceptable to DEM. With respect to the mitigation plan, DEM will
need to have a specific location for mitigation to supplement the information
you provided. Please inform us of the exact location of the proposed
mitigation site so we can determine whether your mitigation plan is likely to
succeed.
We still have problems with respect to your response concerning
stormwater controls. The project which you have applied for (namely the road
and causeway) exceeds our 25% impervious limit. You must either 1) submit a
stormwater plan for the road and causeway or 2) resubmit your project with
development plans for the entire island so we can determine whether the entire
development will need a stormwater plan. Until a stormwater plan for the road
or complete development plan for the entire development is submitted, DEM
cannot complete action on the required 401 Water Quality Certification. By
copy of this letter, we are requesting that the Division of Coastal Management
retain the project on hold until these questions are resolved.
Please call me at 919-733-1786 if you have any questions or consult with
Mr. David Adkins in our Wilmington Regional Office at 919-395-3900.
Sincerely,
Joh?1' PDor_ney
Wetlands and Technical Review Group
birdis.ltr/B-JRD
cc: John Parker, Division of Coastal Management
DEM Wilmington Regional Office
Central Files
Mr. Glenn Dunn
REGULATORY RESTRICTIOj$
?...- mm.-m... FEMA LINE F VLI
Y ZONES.
NO FLOOD MAILABLE DUE TO 'COBRA'
¦mmummmm/M INLET HAZABBIIIIIIIHRIIIIIII iumlill FIRST LINE OF STABLE DUNE VEGETATION
?????????????• CAMA OCEAN HAZARD SETBACK
OF 60' FOR SMALL STRUCTURES
6S' FRONT YARD SETBACK (LOCAL ZONING)
?- ?- ?- OLD ROADBEDS
NOTE: THERE IS N0 CLASSIC MARITIME FOREST (ONLY MYRTLE & CEDAR SHRUB THICKET)
-ENDANGERED SPECIES INCLUDING THE *BLACK AI, IMMER"LEAST TERN%& THE PLANT
"AMARANTHUS PUMILUS' WOULD BE FOUND MAINLY ON THE WESTERN END IN
NEW MIGRATORY DUNES AND OVERWASH AREAS
"SIR
• P •

BIRD ISLAND
LANDUSE RESTRICTIONS MAP
SUNSET BEACH PLANNING AREA IN BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NC
SCALER INCH =100 FEET
JULY 1992

i
Ll
.s
I'S
SCALE:1 "=400'
de
Mtn Mi__ y
RESTRICTIONS
SUITABLE UPLANDS FO?ITE WASTE . TREATMENT USING CONVENTIONAL SEPTIC TANK
SYSTEMS. EXCESSIVELY DRAINED SANDY SOIL TYPES OF NEWNAN. COROLLA. AND HISTORIC
THICK DREDGED PILL.
PROVISIONALLY SUITABLE UPLANDS FOR ON-SITE WASTE TREATMENT USING SHALLOW
I F - CONVENTIONAL SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS WITH MINOR SITE MODIFICATIONS. WELL TO
MODERATELY WELL DRAINED. SANDY SOIL TYPES OF COROLLA. NEWHAN-WET. AND HISTORIC
DREDGED FILL.
FROVISIONALLY SUITABLE UPLANDS FOR ON-SITE WASTE TREATMENT USING ALTERNATIVE
SYSTEMS WITH MINOR 70 MAJOR SITE MODIFICATIONS. SOMEWHAT POORLY TO MODERATELY
WELL DRAINED. SANDY SOIL TYPES OF COROLLA-WET AND HISTORIC DREDGED FILL.
_ UNSUITABLE UPLANDS POR ON-SITE WASTE TREATMENT. SOMEWHAT POORLY TO POORLY
DRAINED. SANDY SOIL TYPES OF DUCKSTON-DRY AND HISTORIC DREDGED FILL.
WTI
i - 101 FRESHWATER WETLANDS UNDER CORPS OF ENGINEERS JURISDICTION.
CAMA/101 SALINEWATER WETLANDS UNDER N.C. COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSION AND CORPS
OF ENGINEERS JURISDICTION.
NOTE: (SOILIWETLAND BOUNDARIES WERE PACED & PHOTO INTERPRETED)
.THIS MAP IS FOR PRELIMINARY PLANNING ONLY
PREPARED BY LAND MANAGEMENT GROUP, INC.

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REGULATORY RESTRICTIONS
FEMA LINE FOR VELOCITY ZONES.
NO FLOOD INSURANCE AVAILABLE DUE TO 'COBRA'
¦nnommum/r INLET HAZARD LINE
tltlI1DIIIII1DIIiIII111I1i11111111 FIRST LINE OF STABLE DUNE VEGETATION
CAMA OCEAN HAZARD SETBACK
OF 60' FOR SMALL STRUCTURES
65• FRONT YARD SETBACK (LOCAL ZONING).
-- .- ?- - - OLD ROADBEDS
NOTE: THERE IS NO CLASSIC MARITIME FOREST (ONLY MYRTLE Q CEDAR SHRUB THICKET)
-ENDANGERED SPECIES INCLUDING THE 'BLACK S1. IMMER'.'LEAST TERN'.& THE PI-ANT
'AMARANTHUS PUMILUS' WOULD BE FOUND MAINLY ON THE WESTERN END IN
NEW MIGRATORY DOMES AND OVERWASH AREAS
1'•
BIRD ISLAND
LANDUSE RESTRICTIONS MAP
SUNSET BEACH PLANNING AREA IN BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NC
SCALER INCH =100 FEET
JULY 1992
SOILS RESTRICTIONS
SUITABLE UPLANDS FOR ON-SITE PASTE TREATMF.NI USING CONVENTIONAL SEPTIC TANK
SYSTEMS. EXCESSIVELY DRAINED SANDY SOIL TYPES OI' NEWNAN, COROLLA. AND HISTORIC
T, ICK DREDGED FILL.
PROVISIONALLY SUITABLE UPLANDS FOR ON-SITE WASTE TREATMENT USING SHALLOW
+'F - CONVENTIONAL SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS WITH MINOR SITE MODIFICATIONS. YELL TO
MODERATELY WELL DRAINED. SANDY SOIL TYPES OF C IROLLA. NEWHAN-VET, AND HISTORIC
DREDGED FILL.
PROVISIONALLY SUITABLE UPLANDS FOR ON-SITE W-T9 TREATMENT USING ALTERNATIVE
SYSTEMS WITH MINOR TO MAJOR SITE MODIFICATION':. SONEWHAT POORLY TO MODERATELY
WELL DRAINED, SANDY SOIL TYPES OF COROLLA-YET A- HISTORIC DREDGED FILL.
UNSUITABLE UPLANDS FOR ON-SITE WASTE TREA--- T. SOMEWHAT POORLY TO POORLY
DRAINED. SANDY SOIL TYPES OF DUCKSTON-DRY AND I,,, IONIC DREDGED FILL.
101 FRESHWATER WETLANDS UNDER CORP. OF ENGINEERS JURISDICTION.
CAMA/101 SALINEWATER WETLANDS UNDER N.C. COASTAI. RESOURCES OOIKM SSION AND ORPS
OF ENGINEERS JURISDICTION.
NOTE:(SOIL/W£TLA ND BOUNDARIES WERE P4CED d PHOTO INTERPRETED)
-THIS MAP IS FOR PRELIMINARY PLA.AWING ONLY
6
s
SCALE:1 "=400'
PREPARED BY LAND MANAGEMENT GROUP IN