19941144 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19941222

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B, Hunt, Jr„ Governor
Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary
A, Preston Howard, Jr., P,E„ Director
?EHNR
December 27, 1994
Wake County
DEM Project # 941144
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification
Mr. Wilbur Brann & Ed Hubbard
Capitol Broadcasting Company
711 Hillsborough Street
Raleigh, N.C. 27605
FILE COPY
Dear Mr. Brann & Mr. Hubbard:
You have our approval to place fill material in 0.26 acres of wetlands or waters for the purpose
of public television/radio transmitter tower off US 70, as you described in your application dated
13 December 1994. After reviewing your application, we have decided that this fill is covered by
General Water Quality Certification Numbers 2733 and 2671. These certifications allow you to use
Nationwide Permit Numbers 18 and 26 when they are issued by the Corps of Engineers.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application. If
you change your project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new application.
For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached certification. In
addition, you should get any other federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your
project.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an adjudicatory
hearing. You must act within 30 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing,
send a written petition which confonns to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the
Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C. 276 1 1-7447. This cenification and
its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Environmental Management under Section 401
of the Clean Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone John Domey at 919-733-1786.
Sincerely,
0s s ion Howard, J . E.
Attachment
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Raleigh Field Office
Raleigh DEM Regional Office
Mr. John Domey
Central Files
Gerald Pottem; Robert Goldstein & Ass.
941144.1tr
P.O, Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ I D% post-consumer paper
Robert J. Goldstein & Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNERS AND CONSULTANTS
8480 Garvey Drive Tel: [phone]
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-3175 y C ? Fax: [phone]
December 8, 1994
1%
Ms. John Dorney
??
N.C. Division of Environmental Management
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, N.C. 27626-0535 <.
Zt-
Dear John:
Enclosed is a COE/DEM Joint Notification Form requesting concurrence with
Nationwide Permit 18 (minor discharges below headwaters) for a TV transmitter tower project
in southeastern Wake County. This letter and attached project plans constitutes the required
notification to your agency. Ms. Amy Ohlberg is the COE agent processing this notification.
The project will affect a total of 0.26 acre of jurisdictional waters and wetlands, of
which 0.064 acre is in the floodplain of White Oak Creek below jurisdictional headwaters (the
subject of this request for Nationwide Permit 18 concurrence), and 0.195 acre is along
tributaries within headwaters (to be filled in accordance with Nationwide Permit 26). Ms.
Ohlberg verified the jurisdictional delineation with me today.
I am aware that the dwarf wedge mussel and other rare aquatic animals occur in the
White Oak Creek/Swift Creek basin in Johnston County. This project is in the upper reaches
of White Oak Creek three miles above Austin Pond. The drainage basin area where White Oak
Creek flows off the property is 7 square miles). Approximately 10 acres will be cleared for
the tower, building, guy wire corridors, and access roads; the remainder of the site will remain
forested. The total impervious surface area from the project will be only about 2 acres. The
transmitter building manager, Mr. Ed Hubbard, informed me of the process by which the
concrete anchors are installed; it is unlikely that uncured concrete will come into contact with
stream water. It is my opinion that the project will not affect downstream mussel
populations.
Thank you for your review of this request for Nationwide Permit concurrence. If you
have any question about the wetlands or project plans, please call me.
Sincerely,
Gerald B. Pottern, M.Sc.
Environmental Assessments • Environmental Impact Statements • Jurisdictional Wetland Delineations • Endangered Species Surveys
Reservoirs • Archaeological Surveys and Testing • Water Supply Projects • Real Estate Risk Assessments • Lake Management
Watershed Management • Instream Flow Analyses • Mitigation Plans • Stream Restoration • Aquatic Toxicity Testing
404, 401, 402(NPDES) Permits • Section 106 Compliance • Toxicity Reduction Evaluation • Municipal Solid Waste Landfills • Sewerlines
Wastewater Treatment Plants • Groundwater Monitoring 9 Biological Assessments 0 Expert Witness Testimony
DEM ID: ACTION ID:
Nationwide Permit Requested (Provide Nationwide Permit #): 8
JOINT FORM FOR
Nationwide permits that require notification to the Corps of Engineers
Nationwide permits that require application for Section 401 certification
WILMINGTON DISTRICT ENGINEER
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890
ATTN: CESAW-CO-E
Telephone [phone]
WATER QUALITY PLANNING
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG i
NC DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMEN', HE
AND NATURAL RESOURCES
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
ATINN: MR. JOHN DORNEY
Telephone [phone]
ONE (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
r SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.
j PLEASE PRINT.
1. Owners Name: CffPITUL ARMP(-4ST/NG C61JI1A1VY - WIGfUg 9gJAIAI /ED Hyse ?D
2. Owners Address: 711 /-/{11s,,6L)'ou 6 y S7-REt?7-, RALC16H R7605-
3. Owners Phone Number (ice W . Rratig - 9 90-( 066 (Work): 5. I-W kq - '77,2- 33y 1
4. If Applicable: Agent's name or responsible corporate official, address, phone number.
,-;? avenfr /isled above.
5. Location of work (MUST ATTACH MAP). County: f/17/PKE
Nearest Town or City: L e-lW e4M Gg rner avd Cleg/m
Specific Location (Include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): a, &M FT EW Of exi=v b1h 1iM/?SMi o r
JTW4?r, at So g?` e,Hd TV Tawoi Woad 0, S-. - 701 y mile s `sE o?
alown*w-;,t l4?ei?l? . 7V Tawet AU fs c5z Vz n„les C ? us-7011--y0 ih-ersedio-?i -
6. Name of Closest Stream/River. ?itlhik C64 Creek ?nkwA2ry ° Swift Creek
7. River Basin: /V(; tlS C,
8. Is this project located in a watershed classified as Trout, SA, HQW, ORW, WS I, or WS H? YES [ ] NO (x]
9. Have any Section 404 permits been previously requested for use on this property? YES [ ] NO X
If yes, explain.
10. Estimated total number of acres of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, located on project site: n)X -
/0,70 acres of ?Ucl ?f'r s?w? Na?cls e?? C-1141-e aci-e in eraje°ct cortsfr? c?n? t
11. Number of acres of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, impacted by the proposed project:
Filled: 0,061/ be%w heurlwatrc, t 0.195 -ibcve- a6 ac_ Jdai
Drained: O
Flooded:
Excavated:
Total Impacted: 002 6 acre, ?J » OG? q {r, ?e_ P rrn ! Chute, Al UJ p # ($?
12. Description of proposed work (Attach PLANS-8 1/2" X I1" drawings only): h2gn.Smi/lcr Aw- t,,
1 ZaN tWikr byitdl'n9T yV wire cyrrie6rr apd access mad, Sep- plans•
13. Purpose of proposed work: Awk re-kvt?ti?,, lKaA bzmrmi#er 71ower.
14. State reasons why the applicant believes that this activity must be carried out in wetlands. Also, note measures
taken to minimize wetland impacts.
/?CCess romp ih wetland wilt k pervious avid kept fb minimipm w0ih pra ckable
15. You are required to contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and/or National Marine Fisheries Service
(NMFS) regarding the presence or any Federally listed or proposed for listing endangered or threatened species or critical
habitat in the permit area that may be affected by the proposed project. Have you done so? YES QQ NO [ ]
RESPONSES FROM THE USFWS AND/OR NMFS SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO CORPS.
16. You are required to contact the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) regarding the presence of historic
properties in the permit area which may be affected by the proposed project? Have you done so? YES pK] NO [ ]
RESPONSE FROM THE SHPO SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO CORPS.
17. Additional information required by DEM:
A. Wetland delineation map showing all wetlands, streams, and lakes on the property. - S--e-Gold s'1ein reloo1t
B. If available, representative photograph of wetlands to be impacted by project.
C. If delineation was performed by a consultant, include all data sheets relevant to the placement of the
delineation line. - b l dr?et'? report
D. If a stormwater management plan is required for this project, attach copy. •- NIA
E. What is land use of surrounding property? RreS1, ?ius?iN9 h4nwi * P?y. 4rs?ry
F. If applicable, what is proposed method of sewage disposal? ?pt?L sys

Owner's Signature
1,2'-8 - `.
Date
JURISDICTIONAL WETLAND DELINEATION
CAPITOL BROADCASTING TV TRANSMITTER TOWER
WAKE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Report to:
Mr. Wilbur Brann
Capitol Broadcasting Company
711 Hillsborough Street
Box 12800, Raleigh, N.C. 27605
2 DECEMBER 1994
RJG&A Project No. 94059
Robert J. Goldstein & Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNERS & CONSULTANTS
8480 Garvey Drive
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Tel: [phone] FAX: [phone]
INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION
On November 23 and 30, 1994, Robert J. Goldstein & Associates (RJG&A) performed
a jurisdictional wetland delineation of a proposed transmitter tower site at the south end of
TV Tower Road, in Wake County, 9 miles southeast of Raleigh, North Carolina. The center
of the project site is 2,000 feet southwest of the existing transmitter tower. The delineation
was performed in accordance with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) Wetland
Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory, 1987). All proposed construction areas were
examined on foot for the presence of wetlands.
The project consists of the transmitter tower and building, which occupy 2.3 acres in
the center of the site; three guy wire corridors, each 100 feet wide and extending 1,100 feet
from the base of the tower, and each containing three concrete guy wire anchors; a
construction staging corridor 100 feet wide; and a paved employee access road 20 feet wide
(Figure 1). The guy wire corridors will be cleared and kept mowed to protect the cables from
falling trees, but only a 20 foot wide corridor will be graded or filled for vehicular access
within each 100 foot wide corridor. The construction staging corridor will also be kept
mowed, with a 20 foot wide graded dirt access road.
The project site is drained by White Oak Creek and its tributaries, in the Neuse River
basin. All streams in the project area are designated by the N.C. Division of Environmental
Management (DEM) as Class C-NSW.
RESULTS
RJG&A delineated and flagged four jurisdictional wetland areas within the proposed
limits of land clearing activities (herein referred to as the construction area). The wetland
surrounding the North Anchor and extending southward parallel to this guy wire line is
delineated with flags WL-0 through WL-13 (Figure 2). This alluvial forested wetland
comprises 6,400 square feet in the construction area, of which 800 square feet will be filled
for the guy wire access road and anchor. The tributary of White Oak Creek associated with
this wetland is within jurisdictional headwaters (drainage basin area = 2.5 square miles; mean
annual flow approximately 3.0 cfs).
A small forested wetland seep 650 feet south of the North Anchor is delineated with
flags Al through A4 (Figure 2). The seep comprises 300 square feet in the construction area,
none of which will be filled. The seep is within jurisdictional headwaters.
The wetland in the transmitter building area, immediately southwest of the tower, is
delineated with flags 61 through B8 (Figure 2). This alluvial forested wetland comprises
9,100 square feet in the construction area, of which 6,500 square feet will be filled for
building construction and the guy wire access road. This wetland is within headwaters.
A non-wetland intermittent stream channel extends eastward (upstream) from the
wetland line between flags A4 and A5 (Figure 2). This channel comprises 200 linear feet
(approximately 1,200 square feet) that will be culverted or relocated. This channel is within
jurisdictional headwaters.
2
The wetlands surrounding the Southwest Anchor are delineated with flags C 1 through
C3 (Figure 3). This alluvial forested wetland is a complex mosaic of clay-based wetland
depressions and sandy, well-drained, non-wetland islands. The wetland mosaic comprises
14,000 square feet in the construction area, of which 2,800 square feet will be filled for the
guy wire access road and anchor. An estimated 25 to 40 percent of this area is technically
jurisdictional wetland, but the calculated area of wetland impact above assumes that it is all
wetland, in accordance with standard COE procedures. It is the opinion of RJG&A that a
detailed separation of wetlands and non-wetlands in this area is not cost-effective and will not
facilitate the 404/401 permitting process. The drainage basin area of White Oak Creek
adjacent to this wetland is 7 square miles, and its mean annual flow is approximately 8.4 cfs;
thus, it is below jurisdictional headwaters.
All wetlands in the construction area contain a forested canopy dominated by red
maple, sweetgum, river birch, American elm, green ash, tulip poplar, loblolly pine, willow oak,
and cherrybark oak. Dominant shrubs and undertory trees are highbush blueberry, American
holly, sweetbay magnolia, arrowood, and possumhaw viburnum. Dominant herbaceous plants
and vines include giant cane, Japanese honeysuckle, saw greenbrier, and cinnamon fern.
Remains of other herbaceous plants were present but too withered to recognize. Wehadkee
and Bibb are the dominant wetland soils on the site. Adjacent upland soils are the Altavista,
Louisburg, Wake, and Wedowee series.
Another forested wetland area (not flagged) lies immediately southeast of the proposed
construction access corridor and southwest of the existing powerline right-of-way. It is at the
head of the non-wetland stream channel described above. Surveyors had not yet staked and
flagged this corridor when RJG&A performed the wetland delineation, but it appears that this
wetland is beyond the construction impact area.
No wetlands or waters beyond the construction area will be adversely affected by
flooding or draining due to this project. In summary, the area of jurisdictional waters and
wetlands that will be filled or graded, and are subject to COE and DEM 404/401 permitting
requirements, are:
1) 2,800 sq. ft. of below-headwater wetlands
2) 7,300 sq. ft. of headwater wetlands
3) 1,200 sq. ft. of headwater non-wetland stream channel
1 1,300 sq. ft. total jurisdictional waters and wetlands
PERMITTING
The 8,500 square feet (0.195 acre) of jurisdictional headwater wetlands and waters
can be permitted under COE Nationwide Permit 26 and its corresponding DEM General Water
Quality Certification. The 2,800 square feet (0.064 acre) of wetlands below headwaters can
be permitted under COE Nationwide Permit 18 and its corresponding DEM General Water
Quality Certification. COE allows multiple Nationwide Permits to be applied to a project, but
each Nationwide may be applied only once per project.
3
Approximate Wetland Flag Locations -- Azimuths are magnetic; North guy wire line = 175
degrees magnetic, measured at flag WI-
2-flag azim feet from

WI-2 170 45 North anchor stake
WL1 63 45 WI-2
WLO 51 30 WL1
WI-3 238 40 WI-2
WI-4 180 35 WI-3
WI-5 209 40 WL4
WI-6 194 60 WI-5
WO 189 70 WL6
WI-8 199 95 WO
WI-9 175 85 WI-8
WL10 175 80 WI-9
WL11 184 100 WL10
WL12 182 95 WL11
WL13 190 70 WL12
Al 60 60 WL12
A2 66 70 Al
A3 170 30 A2
A4 164 15 Al
B3 235 70 tower center stake
B2 310 100 B3
131 295 105 B2
B4 122 60 B3
B5 200 50 B4
B6 200 65 B3
B7 249 70 B3
B8 289 90 B7
131 346 105 B8
C2 55 140 southwest anchor stake
C1 322 65 C2
C3 117 100 C2
5

DATA FORM 1
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Applicant Application
Name:_ C!W401 RroaQcarhrf Co• Number:
State: A/C, County: h/a ke Legal Description:
Datd: a DEC 9y Plot No.:
kep"d alrea O
Project (57arher
Name: ]-/ziig,-4kr 7bwer
Township: Range:
Section:
Vegetation (list the three dominant species in each vegetation layer (S if
only 1 or 2 layers)). Indicate species with observed morphological or known
physiological adaptations with an asterisk.
Indicator Indicator
Species Status Species Status
Trees Herbs
1. Ater tArum rAC ). Ar-widihar(q QIq. r4cw
2, getulok r63M o6L 8. JJ
3. W"v U ctrorfolm FAtW 9.
Sa plings/shrubs Woody vines

4. Magnolia Vitylh_ FACWt 10. SM??az 6A noX Fl4L
s. _Tlex opaca. FAC - 11. Z#M,6Q is j4f0"1'(1k 04C-
6. Vaeu„ coryh?L_ p11LW 12.
R of species that are OBL, FACW, and/or FAC: 7? . Other indicators:
Hydrophytic vegetation: Yes _ (X No Basis:
Soil
Series and phase: Uehadkw-1$jbb On hydric soils list? Yes x No
Mottled: Yes ; No X . Mottle color: Matrix color: 2•9 Y 1114 Ye S/3
Gleyed: Yes X No Other indicators: Wef 0,V41no"et Mosaic.
Hydr.ic soils: Yes_ (L No ; Basis: L/St /oVr C`k&WA
Hydrology
Inundated: Yes No X Depth of standing water:
Saturated soils: Yes ; No X Depth to saturated soil: - /OCM In /0,1 SPofS
Other indicators: 10 1-de i*4 dedrj , h1ge4NP4 leoyes
Wetland hydrology: yes X ; Nn Basis:
Atypical situation: Yes ; No X
Normal Circumstances' Yes )C _ Nn
Wetland Determination: Wetland x Nnnwetland
Comments: - ------------ - --------- '
Determined hv: 6em ff Potte(7?
B1)

DATA FORM I
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Applicant e Application
Name: IYaQ?uNumber:
State: VC,County: Wage Legal Description:
Date: ? Dec 9N Plot No. -
llnla+r 1dja ca4J f
1Ve,#a td Area 0
Project 6gowr
Name : TrgHSrrritkr Tower
Township: Range:
Section:
Vegetation [list the three dominant species in each vegetation layer (5 if
only 1 or 2 layers)]. Indicate species with observed morphological or known
physiological adaptations) with an asterisk.
C)-
Indicator Indicator
Species Status Species Status
Trees 44v b,& "jam. 5
1. Qwrws rubm RICu 7. L?Y(W&,wbar 5?- W +
2• &Rr `ubnmo F6 C, 8. Qmrws a(ba Ffi C U
3. pJrlll S Medq FAC 9.
Saplings/shrubs Woody vines
4..74eX OPaca F6C- 10. Jv-04ara %afew CA FAC
5. V1'burKwm de?ifaluwi Fft 11.
6. VacciHiwn Co?yritboSU? FIQc R1 12. F`
% of species that are OBL, FACW, and/or FAC: 5 ? Other indic ators:
Hydrophytic vegetation: Yes X No Basis: > 50 % 69L -'i FMC
Soil
??
Sa /#
Series and phase: 0"-1A 4e o On On h
ydric soils list? Yes No?_.
Mottled: Yes No K Mottle color: ; Matrix color: a.SY5Iato3
Cleyed: Yes NoOther indicators:
Hydnic soils: Yes NoBasis: Cb1Wa
Hydrology
Inundated: Yes No X Depth of standing water:
Saturated soils: Yes ; No- Depth to saturated soil:
Other indicators: E'
Wetland hydrology: 'ies No >( Basis: -- l?.!Wa kA/-off D WE'flallil ht/ w.
Atypical situation: Yes _, ?' ?/
Normal. Circumstances' Yes No
Wetland I)etermir.atioil: W(,tland Nonwetland ?C
,:O(Timents
1)eterr:ined bv:
h)
.54
WVN..,
°)I'?.. (?) l ?-//) ?• ? ?? ??? ???.1 ???- it /(--' Y. ? ? -. ?s ?? j-?
01 4 \i,
?i
1': lt.a a ?s?
362
\J ? /J 1 J
3 5
56 ?V l N a
+ ///? aor
'- 1'??- y, \\( ?- I •??>?1 t\IJ ?. ?? )??? -\?_ I,-_ - ( // ???! ???sa ?\\ •? n ? via br6ok
Ell
49
it,
i 1
J/P
T , Q'
777 LLL j ? 1' r h
47
/ C' L'P?-E ))? ?/ j ?_ 6
n46_
r
Figure 1. Capitol Broadcasting Transmitter k
I Tower, Construction Areas, Wake
I County, N.C.
/ -
Robert J. Goldstein & Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
.91
8480 Garvey Drive
110 Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
?P,
-. II •.... ?. ??-?- to ' I /
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If V7 CZ 02
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? Z. 1
-i LA
?b v, try 1 ? ? ? 1 /
li v '? th ? ? ? ! I
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50
t40 ! ,? I vM
'Vr
ole*
?• Q

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ti

Figure 3. Wetland Flag Series C.
Robert J. Goldstein & Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
8480 Garvey Drive
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
._,F BF
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, "'A
Health and Natural Resources Ar&
Division of Environmental Management James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
E F--? N
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
June 28, 1996
Mr. Wilbur Brann
Capitol Broadcasting Company
P.O. Box 12800
Raleigh, N.C. 27605
Dear Mr. Brann:
RE: Time extension of 401 Water Quality Certification
Public television/radio transmitter tower
Wake County
DEM # 941122, COE # 199501088
In response to Mr. Gerald Pottern's letter of 5 June 1996,
the expiration date of the Certifications for this project are
hereby extended until 31 December 1999 to allow construction of
the tower.
Please call Mr. John Dorney of my staff at 919-733-1786 if
you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Ye Tston ?
Howard, Jr. P.E.
941144 mod
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Raleigh Field Office
Central Files
Raleigh DEM Regional Office
Gerald Pottern; Robert Goldstein and Associates
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
Robert J. Goldstein & Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
8480 Garvey Drive
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-3175
e.mail [e-mail]
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
5 June 1996
Mr. John Dorney
N.C. Division of Environmental Management
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, N.C. 27626-0535
Re: WRAL-TV Transmitter Tower, Garner, Wake County, N.C.
COE Action ID No. 1995iY1,088
DEM Project No(: 941144
Dear John:
0.1
Rgr??HTq`SC/F 6
?f8
On behalf of Capitol Broadcasting Company, we are requesting an extension on the
- ---
above referenced authorization under COE Nationwide Permits 18 and 26, and DEM General
Water Quality Certifications 2733 and 2671. Construction will begin this year and the project
is expected to be completed by the summer of 1999. There will be no change in the affected
area (0.26 acre) or location of jurisdictional waters or wetlands.
Please send an updated letter of approval to Mr. Wilbur Brann, Capitol Broadcasting
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 12800, Raleigh, N.C. 27605.
Sincerely,
Gerald B. Pottern, M.Sc.
Senior Biologist
cc: Wilbur Brann
/ AoV
Environmental Assessments • Environmental Impact Statements • Jurisdictional Wetland Delineations • Endangered Species Surveys
Reservoirs • Archaeological Surveys and Testing • Water Supply Projects • Real Estate Risk Assessments • Lake Management
Watershed Management • Instream Flow Analyses • Mitigation Plans • Stream Restoration • Aquatic Toxicity Testing
404, 401, 402(NPDES) Permits • Cryptosporidium Testing • Toxicity Reduction Evaluation • Municipal Solid Waste Landfills • Sewerlines
Wastewater Treatment Plants 0 Groundwater Monitoring • Biological Assessments • Expert Witness Testimony