20040243 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_20040219

\?oF W AT
o ?9QG
0 Y
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
Coleen H. Sullins, Deputy Director
Division of Water Quality
April 15, 2004
Lenoir County
DWQ # 04-0243
WAIVER of 401 Water Quality Certification
Jeff Jurek
NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1619 MSC
Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Dear Mr. Jurek:
Your application for a 401 Water Quality Certification was received in the Central Office on February
19, 2004. According to the General Certification for this project, if final action is not taken within 30 days, the
Certification is waived unless DWQ has objected in writing to your application. Therefore, DWQ has waived
the requirement for a 401 Water Quality Certification for your plans to restore5600 linear feet of Whitelace
Creek for wetland and stream mitigation as described in your application.
However if additional impact occurs or your development plans change, this waiver is no longer valid
and a 401 Water Quality Certification will be required.
If you have any questions, please telephone John Dorney at 919-733-1786 or Tom Steffens at our
Washington Regional Office at 252-946-6481.
Sincerely,
n R. D rney
Cc: Washington DWQ Regional Office
Washington Field Office Corps of Engineers
Central Files
File Copy

N. C. Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certification Unit,
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (Location)
[phone] (phone), 919-733-6893 (fax), (http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands

Triage Check List
a
Date. vY Project Name:
??D #`?
Q • o.2 .Y3•
County:,4ai
? ? - too V Z(30
To: ? ARO Mike Parker -M-WaRO Tom Steffens
? FRO Ken Averitte ? WiRO Noelle Lutheran
? MRO Alan Johnson ? WSRO Daryl Lamb
? RRO Steve Mitchell
S- a Telephone : (919) 7/57?- 9
From.
The file attached is being forwarded to your for your evaluation.
Please call if you need assistance.
? Stream length impacted
? Stream determination
? Wetland determination and distance to blue-line surface waters on USFW topo maps
? h inimization/avoidance issues
Buffer Rules (Meuse; Tar-Pamlico, Catawba, Randleman)
? Pond fill
? Mitigation Ratios
? Ditching
Are the stream and or wetland mitigation sites available and viable?
? Check drawings for accuracy
? Is the application consistent with pre-application meetings?
? Cumulative impact concern
Comments:

CPat/ a l ?? log - K)Wa4 GC33gc1
W C O
r
4
TOLA.
?NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Michael F. Easley, Governor William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
MEMORANDUM
TO: John Dorney, DWQ 401/Wetlands Supervisor
FROM: Jeff Jurek, EEP Design and Construction Supervisor
SUBJECT: Permit Application - Whitelace Creek stream and wetland restoration project
DATE: February 16, 2004
Attached for your review are 2 copies of the restoration plan for the Whitelace Creek stream and
wetland restoration project in Lenoir County. Please feel free to call Jeff Jurek at 715-1157 or
the project manager, Kristin Miguez at 715-1954 with any questions regarding this plan.
Thank you for your assistance.
WETLANDS 1401 GROUP
FEB 1 9 2004
attachment: Restoration Plan (2 originals)
NC DENR Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1619 Mail Service Center, Raleigh; North Carolina 27699-1619
Phone: [phone] t FAX: [phone] Internet: h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/
WATER (QUALITY SECTION
NorthCarolina
Awarallff
5? y
Office Use Only: 04 Q `Form Version May 2002
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NW 27
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (verify availability with NCWRP prior to submittal of PCN), complete
section VIII and check here: ?
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: State of North Carolina, Department of Administration, Ecosvstem Enhancement
Program
Mailing Address: 1619 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number:_(919) 733-5321
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the AL-ent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owne IONA001 GROUP
Name: Jeff Jurek, Design and Construction Supervisor
Company Affiliation: Ecosystem Enhancement Program FEB 1
Mailing Address: 1619 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1619 WATER 011 ITv
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number:_ [phone]
Page 5 of 12
E-mail Address: ieffjurekgncmail.net
III. Project Information :;
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Whitlelace Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Project
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): n/a
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Lenoir Nearest Town: Kinston
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): Highway 70 East to just west of
Kinston Turn right onto Kennedy Home Road (look for the Kennedy Home for Children
sign) left onto Cedar Dell Lane into the Baptist Home for Children site, follow road to right
onto Kennedy Dairy Road.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long):
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Property size (acres): site boundga is approximately 37 acres
7. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean/lake): Whitelace Creek
8. River Basin: Neuse
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
Page 6 of 12
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Current land uses include primarily agricultural and
silvicultural practices, with limited residential development.
10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: Project
includes the restoration of approximately 3700 linear feet of dredged and channelized stream
and associated stream buffer and wetland enhancement and restoration. See attached
restoration plan.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: Restore historic stream and wetland functions to
the system, modify the adjacent flood-plain so that it becomes accessible to the stream
establish buffers to protect water quality and enhance wildlife.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
Scott Jones of the USACE Washington Re ug latory Field Office visited the site in July 2003 to
confirm the jurisdictional area delineation completed by the consultant.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
Page 7 of 12
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: Stream and wetlands impacts will be
those associated with restoration and enhancement practices as described in the attached
2. Individually list wetland impacts below: SEE PLANS
Wetland Impact
Site Number
indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres Located within
100-year Floodplain**
es/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
linear feet
Type of Wetland***

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at http://www.feina.90 .
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.) Indicate if wetland is isolated (determination of isolation to be made by USACE only).
List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: 22 acres
Total area of wetland impact proposed: 22 acres
3. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts below: SEE PLANS
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Im act Perennial or
Intermittent?
especify)

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
Page 8 of 12
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www.usgs.gov. Several internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topozone.com,
www.mapquest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: +/- 3731 linear feet
4. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.) below: N/A
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Name of Waterbody
(if applicable) Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.)

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
5. Pond Creation: N/A
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
See attached plans
Page 9 of 12
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
htip://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmgide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
N/A
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCWRP at
[phone] to determine availability and to request written approval of mitigation prior
to submittal of a PCN. For additional information regarding the application process for the
NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of
the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide the
following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):.
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Page 10 of 12
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state) funds or the use of public
(federal/state) land?
Yes ® No ?
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ? No
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ? No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact -protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ® No ? If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(square feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 3
2 1.5
Total
Gone 1 extends out 3U teet perpendicular trom near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
Page 11 of 12
L ?
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B.0242 or.0260.
Buffer impacts are allowable if they are associated with a stream restoration project.
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ? No
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
A
(Agent's
r-?-1b D
:'s Signature Date
d only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 12 of 12

r
WHITELACE CREEK STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION SITE
DETAILED STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PLAN
LENOIR COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
n ? n
Prepared for:
Ecosystem Enhancement Program
Raleigh, North Carolina
Prepared by:
EcoScience Corporation
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
February 2004
WETLANDS/ 401 GROUP
FEB 1 9 2004
WATER UUALITY SECTION
RECEIVED
FEB R 2004
NC ECOSYSTEM
ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM

' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) is currently evaluating stream and wetland
' restoration opportunities within the entire Whitelace Creek watershed located in Lenoir County,
North Carolina. This planning document is the first phase of ambitious plans to restore both
' stream and wetland functions associated with water quality and to reconnect the watershed to a
regional wildlife corridor extending from the Neuse River.
' This document details wetland restoration and enhancement, as well as stream restoration
procedures for a 37.0 acre restoration site (Site) located approximately 0.9 mile from the
confluence of the Neuse River. The Site encompasses approximately 5600 linear feet of stream
' and adjacent floodplain and terrace along Whitelace Creek. The Site watershed, comprising
approximately 10.1 square miles, supports a mixture of agricultural, light residential, and
expanding commercial development. Land use within the Site includes primarily historic
' conversion of the floodplain for agricultural use.
Under existing conditions, Whitelace Creek and its feeder tributaries have been dredged and
' straightened to support agricultural and silvicultural practices. Natural vegetation within
adjacent areas, including stream buffers zones, has been removed throughout much of the Site.
A significant increase in nutrient and sediment loads is expected as a result of current land use
' practices in the region. In response to these modifications, nutrient recycling associated with
riverine wetlands and floodplains has been severely diminished or negated throughout much of
the region.
Restoration activities have been designed to restore historic stream and wetland functions that
existed on-site prior to dredging and vegetation removal. Site alterations at Whitelace Creek
' include the excavation or reestablishment of the floodplain and in-situ stream channel
modification to the existing stream. These activities will reintroduce surface water flood
hydrodynamics from a 10.1-mile watershed along the restored length of stream and floodplain.
' Characteristic wetland soil features, groundwater wetland hydrology, and hydric vegetation
communities are expected to develop in areas adjacent to the constructed channel. The
existing channel will be modified to reflect regional stream characteristics and accommodate
' bankfull flows. Oxbow lakes and backwater sloughs will be accounted for in floodplain
construction activities. Subsequently, wetland soil surfaces will be restored and the Site
' reforested with streamside and bottomland hardwood forest communities. Forested stream and
upland buffers have been included along the entire stream and floodplain to further protect
water quality and enhance opportunities for wildlife.
' A Monitoring Plan has been prepared that entails a 5-year analysis of wetland hydrology,
vegetation, and stream geomorphology. Success of the project will be based on criteria set
' forth under each of the three monitored parameters.

After implementation, restoration activities are expected to result in 1) the cleanup and '
deactivation of an on-site waste lagoon, 2) the replacement of approximately 3400 linear feet of
unstable channel with approximately 3750 linear feet of a stable, E-type stream channel '
configuration; 3) the restoration of approximately 5.5 acres of wetlands; 4) the enhancement of
approximately 16.5 acres of wetlands; 5) the restoration of approximately 8.0 acres of stream
buffer, and 6) the enhancement of approximately 4.4 acres of stream buffer.

I

' TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... ..1
2.0 METHODS ..................................................................................................................... ..1
3.0
..............................................................................................
EXISTING CONDITIONS 2
..

' 3.1
3.2 Physiography and Land Use ..............................................................................
Soils ................................................................................................................... ..2
..3
3.3 Hydrology .......................................................................................................... ..4
' 3.3.1 Surface Water Hydrology ........................................................................
3.3 2 Groundwater Hydrology ......................................................................... ..4
..6
3.4 Existing On-Site Wetlands ................................................................................. ..9
' 3.5 Plant Communities ............................................................................................. ..9
3.6 Water Quality ..................................................................................................... 10
' 3.7
3.8 Wildlife ...............................................................................................................
Regional Corridors ............................................................................................. 10
11
3.9 Protected Species .............................................................................................. 12
' 4.0 REFERENCE STUDIES ................................................................................................ 12
4.1 Reference Streams ............................................................................................ 12
' 4.2 Reference Forest Ecosystems ........................................................................... 14
5.0 WET LAND AND STREAM RESTORATION STUDIES .................................................. 17
5.1 Surface Water Analysis ...................................................................................... 17
5.2 Groundwater Modeling ....................................................................................... 20
' 5.3 Stream Power, Shear Stress, and Stability Threshold ........................................
5.3.1 Stream Power ........................................................................................ 22
22
5.3.2 Shear Stress .......................................................................................... 23
'
5.4 5.3.3 Stream Power and Shear Stress Methods and Results ..........................
Discharge Analysis ............................................................................................ 24
26
' 6.0 STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PLAN ........................................................
6.1 Stream Restoration ............................................................................................ 27
28
6.1.1 Valley and Floodplain Excavation ........................................................... 28
' 6.1.2 Channel Reconstruction ......................................................................... 29
6.1.3 Log Vane Structures ............................................................................... 29

' 6.1.4 Stream Crossing and Causeway ............................................................
6.2 Groundwater and Soil Restoration ..................................................................... 30
30
6.2.1 Topsoil Excavation and Stockpiling ........................................................ 30
' 6.2.2 Soil Scarification .....................................................................................
6.2.3 Abandoned Waste Lagoon Restoration .................................................. 31
31
6.3 Plant Community Restoration ............................................................................ 31

iii
7.0 MONITORING PLAN .....................................................................................................35
7.1 Stream Monitoring ............................................................................................ .35
7.2 Stream Success Criteria ................................................................................... . 35
7.3 Stream Contingency .......................................................................................... 36
7.4 Wetland Hydrology Monitoring ........................................................................... 36
7.5 Hydrology Success Criteria ................................................................................ 36
7.6 Vegetation Monitoring ........................................................................................ 37
7.7 Vegetative Success Criteria ............................................................................... 37
7.8 Vegetation Contingency ..................................................................................... 38
7.9 Special Considerations ...................................................................................... 38
8.0 RESTORATION PLANNING UNITS .............................................................................. 39
8.1 Riparian Buffers ................................................................................................. 39
8.2 Riverine Wetland Restoration and Enhancement ............................................... 40
8.3 Stream Restoration ............................................................................................ 40
9.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................. 41
.............................
10.0 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... 43
iv
1

1

1
F
1

t
N

f
LIST OF FIGURES
Following Page
Figure 1 Site Location ........................................................................................................2
Figure 2 Aerial Photograph and Site Boundary ................................................................ ..2
Figure 3 Local Topography and Land Features ............................................................... ..4
Figure 4 Regional Soil Types ........................................................................................... ..4
Figure 5 Drainage Area ................................................................................................... ..4
Figure 6 Existing Stream Dimension and Plan View ........................................................ ..4
Figure 7 Existing Stream Profile ....................................................................................... ..4
Figure 8 Time-Space Substitution of Stream Morphology ............................................... ..6
Figure 9 Existing On-Site Wetlands ................................................................................. 10
Figure 10 Existing On-Site Plant Communities .................................................................. 10
Figure 11 Reference Stream Dimension and Plan View, Moseley Creek ........................... 14
Figure 12 Reference Stream Dimension and Plan View, Mill Run ...................................... 14
Figure 13 Flood Frequency and Water Surface Elevations ................................................ 18
Figure 14 Existing Ground Water Hydrology ...................................................................... 20
Figure 15 Stream Restoration Plan View ........................................................................... 28
Figure 16 Proposed Cross-Sections .................................................................................. 28
Figure 17 Live Willow Stake Revetments ........................................................................... 30
Figure 18 In-Stream Structures: Log Vanes ....................................................................... 30
Figure 19 Planting Plan ..................................................................................................... 32
Figure 20 Conceptual Model of Target Community Patterns .............................................. 32
Figure 21 Restoration Planning Units ................................................................................ 40
LIST OF TABLES

t
1

t

Page
Table 1 Stream Geometry and Classification .................................................... ................7
Table 2 Stream Geometry Ratios ..................................................................... ................8
Table 3 Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE 1) ................................................. ..............15
Table 4 Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE 2) ................................................. ..............16
Table 5 Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE 3) ................................................. ..............16
Table 6 Water Surface Elevation Estimates for Various Flood Frequencies ...... .............. 18
Table 7 Existing Groundwater Hydrology .......................................................... ..............21
Table 8 Stream Power (Q) and Shear Stress ('c) Values ................................... ..............25
Table 9 Planting Plan, Whitelace Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Site ..............34
Table 10 Restoration Planning Units for Whitelace Creek Stream
and Wetland Restoration Site .............................................................. ..............39
v

' WHITELACE CREEK STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION SITE
DETAILED STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PLAN
LENOIR COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA

' 1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) is currently evaluating stream stabilization and/or
' restoration potential at Whitelace Creek. The current effort is the first phase of ambitious plans
to restore stream and wetland functions throughout the watershed. The restoration area for the
current phase of work is located south of US Route 70 approximately 6.5 miles west of Kinston
' (Figure 1). The restoration site (hereafter referred to as the "Site") encompasses approximately
5600 linear feet of Whitelace Creek (Figure 2). Whitelace Creek, watershed has been impacted
by past land management practices such as land clearing, dredging/straightening of the
I channel, and nutrient and sediment loading because of large-scale agricultural row crop
production.
The purpose of this study is to establish detailed plans for stream and wetland restoration
alternatives at the Site. The objectives of this study are as follows:
' 1) Classify the on-site stream based on fluvial geomorphic principles.
2) Identify a suitable reference forest and stream to model Site restoration attributes.
3) Develop a detailed plan of stream and wetland restoration activities within the Site.
' 4) Establish success criteria and a method of monitoring the Site upon implementation of
the restoration plan.
5) Estimate restoration design accounting units based on the detailed plan, including
' stream, wetland, and stream buffer areas.
' This document represents a detailed restoration plan summarizing activities proposed within the
Site. The plan includes 1) descriptions of existing conditions, 2) reference stream reach and
reference wetland studies, 3) preliminary design plans, and 4) Site monitoring and success
' criteria. Upon approval of this plan by regulatory agencies, engineering construction plans will
be prepared and activities implemented as outlined in this restoration plan. Proposed
restoration activities may be modified during the civil design stage due to constraints such as
' access issues, sediment-erosion control measures, drainage needs (floodway constraints), or
other design considerations.
' 2.0 METHODS
Natural resource information was obtained from available sources. United States Geological
Survey (USGS) topographic mapping (La Grange, Falling Creek, and Deep Run, NC 7.5 minute
quadrangles), United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory
(NWI) mapping, and Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS [formerly the Soil
' Conservation Service]) county soil survey (SCS 1977) were utilized to evaluate existing

landscape, stream, and soil information prior to on-site inspection. Corrected aerial
photography and aerial topographic maps were prepared including topographic point and
contour data (1-foot intervals). Topographic mapping served as base mapping for field efforts.
Site valley cross-sections (n = 7) were developed by land survey at regular intervals to establish
channel dimension, valley type/slope, and channel slope. The cross-sections were also used to
track and evaluate differences in elevation between channel bed and the adjacent floodplain.
Reference stream geometry methods have been applied for the basis of channel reconstruction
design. Reference stream and floodplain systems were identified and measured in the field to
quantify stream geometry, substrate, and hydrodynamics. Stream characteristics and
reconstruction plans were developed according to constructs outlined in Rosgen (1996), Dunne
and Leopold (1978), Harrelson et al. (1994), Chang (1988), and NCWRC (1996). Stream
pattern, dimension, and profile under stable environmental conditions were measured along
reference stream reaches (relatively undisturbed and stable) and applied to the degraded
system within the Site. Reconstructed stream channel hydraulic geometry relationships are
designed to mimic stable channels identified and evaluated in the region.
Files at the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) were evaluated for the presence
of protected species. Characteristic and historic natural community patterns in reference
wetlands were sampled and classified according to constructs outlined in Schafale and
Weakley's Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina (1990).
Aerial photographs (1959, 1965) were utilized to identify historic alterations to the stream
channel and changes in land use. Disturbances to streams and wetlands during watershed
development were tracked, where feasible. However, none of these historical photographs
exhibits forest structure or historic stream pattern that is significantly different than current
conditions at the Site. Current (1998) aerial photography was evaluated to determine primary
hydrologic features and to map relevant environmental features (Figure 2).
Predicted stream flows within the Site were modeled based on regional USGS stream gauge
data, on-site stream gauge data, regional curves, and a hydrology model (HEC-RAS). The
hydrology model was also applied to project stream geometry and storm water flows. The
projected flows were used to assist in-field identification of bankfull stage, dimensioning of the
on-site channel, and assessing the potential for hydrologic trespass onto adjacent properties or
structures. This information, along with reference system analysis, has been applied to the
evaluation of on-site streams under existing conditions. This stream restoration plan was
developed to facilitate restoration success and to provide for stream impacts in USGS
Subbasin 03020202.
3.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS
3.1 Physiography and Land Use
The Site is located in the Coastal Plain physiographic province of North Carolina within USGS
Hydrologic Unit 03020202 of the Neuse River Basin (USGS 1974). The Coastal Plain portion of
the Neuse River Basin extends from the Piedmont/Coastal Plain boundary (Fall Line) near
Smithfield, in Johnston County, east to the Pamlico Sound and Atlantic Ocean (Hydrologic
2
f --- ?% °+ l Calico J `w l r,ar
Idsboro :J
Moseley l?'6r, m. 13 ?•? Cox
k
"'Ilium wS On = `. r
L?nge 1. cp(ngers 55 -'F\ larc<bom
o
i v V. 1 Walnuq ?firl wP,n ?.'\
V _i9rLhrl _ 1 C C<k -?.., (?-/stop >> v .
\ e a Seve
?S_Dr_in DovH
_ ?R V:, E
y$$ 3 WYSP. aSDH
?
'-?• y n ) 1 Fork ? vv?„ C." "(Y 43
n. uscarora
zf / o`°D R ray Whitelace k -
No<r,son r Creek 'i Bern
f 'o,- vc.•,r `AO "/ E 1 ?,?J:?y' r R?er8Q?d .T
P1<dsanl Mi11 ?? + Rh s rMS
tiY?IOOdS
' 1-flu"
K-RaY r P nll
LFNpIg CO j -.Yi`-- I t r' 1 Q ,h S
(? 41 Ca drat . Poll--mc
\. r ___, dr Mill HOF .. CFUA'TA
nansvdle
1 e Po1etS 1 I
Run
. F y? ?- ? o° ?• emanlsl?? y? Peteesbura ?? ?? 1
? L i G 1 1gp,cMandi - NA71U
W ?/ `It ?s ountam FOREST Belgrade ?t
50
'+of ! IZ LoA- , 10
L C' 1 REFERENCE SITE LOCATIONS
? ?Y Ey C
a -
V z.,a
' 'i\C4 r CM4- C ?M. 6? V I?ak F irf,{
? 1 DS [run? ? , - (Selomm., 444 ? ?? ,
4 e ° .o vs? a a s s Lt e v '. ? sz'
7 y5oe _ • 1.
? •L 4GVIS h l ___ - Yal Yu.t? x-1'1 , \ .s.- ? ?
70
Fay. _.
1 Ao^ci r u vS o °? - \ / e.a1 E aN I Pi Y - °
Rrc and Cas C1,'?_ ?•'
anal C s "k zm Ncvo-r? ? l
4r P:-rsi of ?` su^ox'? c o ."5? - - ?? •i T
- -------------
_ plan' I?
l
?iowe 1
Restoration Site' 7.
d EE,
}(r>hFS -rh. _ F i j? \? LOCatlon - _-1 DIP n> c
1 ?7ATE F0.2K kSGn^--
1
_ 1 \/ U.+}4S.m Poe n4 ? ? ` ../ G08 Can?:.v+_ ( q-?
?,y? A a e t - :. I
t'«a u. n ^N
?ext r7? r I ,e ?
r
Wh" td f -
1 Gac ds ¢aavice>/ _ / _ / -< 'rR?v w South u
I j ( oars,`. ?• ?r ` __ ??.
1? I /JrtYa ?.:. K? 1 ??.\ .IL I \ O? > iC`
ii.rt 50 ,Yi6riucn: r`s.
S e
I\ n
_a?LETS CnerEt ? ' c
a
Y °ni4.5 ? ° nl M ?? _
81-
L-1 RD
,>o> .rw wnrox: _ [ ^r
K.
AL-_ L
3 0 1 mi. 4 mi.
- - -- - - -----. ><: ao ps?P llua aN4. ?VEE, Ao
- - 1:158,400 zf ` ?V
p T •e Fy
a
Source: 1977 North Carolina Atlas and Gazetteer, p64 Z E
0
SITE LOCATION Dwn. by: CSG FIGURE
IcoScience WHITELACE CREEK STREAM AND WETLAND Ckdby: JG
Corporation
RESTORATION SITE Date:
JAN 2004
Raleigh, North Carolina Lenoir County, North Carolina Project: 02-111
1
ys
IdsIorl) `
a - % Moseley
Creek
Kinston `, qs
L E
\ '+, ! Whitelace
1{ Creek ?t, ` Aew BFr
* _ Mill
,q
?y ?v N ^,d,os - v
i elgraa+ e
REFERENCE SITE LOCATIONS
-
jOres I _.... .n•n u - x+
c
gas-? Restoration Site -?
E a cNEEx -
a any -ti Location No- _
'i is r5P re J= r - .- ^ s? - -
"
1a /?J X
Whiffl?ld
?" I 1 ? n ^^v nom ? ??
v
n aw
_ i
1:158.400 i /
Source: 1977 North Carolina Atlas and Gazetteer. p64. -
SITE LOCATION Dwn by CSG FIGURE
WHITELACE CREEK STREAM AND WETLAND Cad bY JG

-
RESTORATION SITE Date-
JAN 2004
Raleigh, North Carolina Lenoir County, North Carolina

1
1

1

t

Units 03020201 [portion], 03020202, 03020203, and 03020204 [USGS 1974]). The Site is
located approximately 48 miles southeast of Smithfield and approximately 65 miles west of the
Pamlico Sound. Annual precipitation in the region averages 48 inches per year with July and
August representing the months that support the highest average rainfall [7.1 inches and
5.8 inches, respectively (SCS 1977)].
Current land uses in the region are dominated by agricultural practices, including large-scale
agriculture, hog farms, residential homes, and state roads with limited commercial development
occurring in the vicinity of towns in the area. Based on the most recent aerial photography
(1998), agriculture and hog farms occupy 88 percent of the land area while small commercial
and residential development occurs within less than 1 percent of the watershed. Under existing
conditions, forest cover occurs as isolated fragments in the region, occupying approximately
22 percent of the land area in watersheds associated with this project. An abandoned
wastewater lagoon from a former dairy operation is located adjacent to the north-central Site
boundary (Figure 3).
A relatively wide, gradually sloping terrace of the Neuse River characterizes local physiography.
Bear Creek, located to the west, and Falling Creek, located to the east, of the Site both flow
south into the Neuse River. Elevations within the Site floodplain (Figure 3) vary gradually,
ranging from approximately 45 feet National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) at the west
(upstream) end to 33 feet NGVD at the east (downstream) end of the Site. Adjacent upland
areas reach a maximum elevation of approximately 50 feet NGVD. Whitelace Creek supports a
primary watershed of approximately 10.1 square miles at Site outfall and flows into the Neuse
River approximately 0.9 mile downstream of the easternmost Site boundary. Based on USGS
mapping, all streams associated with the Whitelace Creek watershed have been dredged and
straightened during historic agricultural practices, creating a series of canals within the larger
Neuse River terrace. Based on vegetation and elevation signatures of aerial and topographic
mapping, relict drainage patterns of the primary channel are evident throughout the Site.
Beaver (Castor canadensis) impacts to the Whitelace Creek corridor are confined primarily to
the lower portions of the Site, although beaver activity has been observed throughout. Within
the lower portion of the Site, beaver activity has led to extensive ponding of the surrounding
floodplain and low terraces, creating a multi-threaded channel and mortality to adjacent
bottomland and previous upland tree communities. The pervasive flooding and tree mortality in
the beaver-impacted areas have created a freshwater marsh community.
3.2 Soils
On-site soils have been mapped by the NRCS (SCS 1977) and have been field verified by
licensed soil scientists (Figure 4). Soil mapping units identified by the NRCS are Johnston soils,
Kalmia loamy sand, Lakeland sand, and Pactolus loamy sand. All of these soils, except for the
Kalmia series, are either hydric (Class A) or have hydric inclusions (Class B).
Johnston soils are very poorly drained and are formed in recent alluvium on floodplains and
occur within approximately 80 percent of the Site (the existing channels are confined to this soil
type). Lakeland sand is an excessively drained soil on uplands and stream terraces and occurs
within approximately 15 percent of the Site. Pactolus loamy sand is a somewhat poorly drained
soil on uplands and stream terraces and occurs within approximately 4 percent of the Site.
3
Kalmia loamy sand is a well drained soil on stream terraces and occurs on approximately
1 percent of the Site.
The Johnston series is considered to be hydric (Class A) in Lenoir County while the Lakeland
and Pactolus series are considered non-hydric in Lenoir County but may have hydric inclusions
in depressions (Class B) (USDA 1996).
3.3 Hydrology
The local hydrophysiographic region is contained within the Neuse River floodplain terrace and
is considered characteristic of the Coastal Plain physiographic province, which extends
throughout the central portion of North Carolina (see Section 3.1, "Physiography and Land
Use"). Hydrology within the Site is complex, driven by landscape-level interactions between
riparian groundwater flow and discharge and stream hydrology. A detailed description of stream
geometry, hydraulics, and substrate and description of surface and groundwater features is
included below.
3.3.1 Surface Water Hydrology
The Whitelace Creek watershed originates on side slopes of the Neuse River terrace
approximately 5.5 miles northwest of the Site outfall (Figure 5). The Site outfall supports a
watershed area of approximately 10.1 square miles or 6579 acres. The watershed is comprised
of approximately 29,000 linear feet of stream channel upstream of the Site and approximately
5600 linear feet of stream channel within the Site, most of which has been channelized for
agricultural and flood abatement purposes (see Site photos 1-4). The valley slope is relatively
flat with an upper reach valley slope (rise/run) of 0.0010 and the lower reach valley slope of
0.0014.
On-site and reference stream geometry and substrate data have been evaluated to orient
stream restoration based on a classification utilizing fluvial geomorphic principles
(Rosgen 1996). This classification system stratifies streams into comparable groups based on
pattern, dimension, profile, and substrate characteristics. Primary components of the
classification include degree of entrenchment, width/depth ratio, sinuosity, channel slope, and
stream substrate composition. The stream classes characterizing reaches within the Site
include G, F, C, and E. Each stream type is modified by the number 1 through 6 (ex. E5)
denoting a stream type which supports a substrate dominated by 1) bedrock, 2) boulders,
3) cobble, 4) gravel, 5) sand, or 6) silt/clay. At the Site, the channel bed is dominated by sand
and silt (subclassification 5/6).
Stream geometry measurements under existing conditions are summarized in Tables 1 and 2
and depicted in Figures 6 and 7. Whitelace Creek has experienced intensive agriculture
management practices within the watershed and undergone extensive dredging, clearing, and
fill/reworking of the historic floodplain. Upon dredging of the channel the stream likely supported
an entrenched Gc5 or F5 stream type. The small V modifier indicates slopes less than
0.02 (rise/run). The Gc5 (gully) stream type is a sand dominated, entrenched, confined system
with a low width/depth ratio (<12) and slope of less than 0.02. F5 streams are sand dominated,
entrenched, have a high width/depth ratio (<12), and slope of less than 0.02. The entrenchment
typical of G and F streams leads to abandonment of the floodplain (i.e. flood prone area is
4
t,
EXISTING Ecoscience
SAND TRAIL
Corporation
ABANDONED WASTE Raleigh, North Carolina
STORAGE LAGOON
REVISIONS
Y
BM 7
10
n o w d Y l -6M „
,
ZZ,
?u ?--- - M 2? ?.
- 777? BM 3
EXISTING Client
SAND TRAIL 1 - - - " ( NORTH
e
j -? CAROLINA
- WETLAND
EXISTING STREAM EXISTING RESTORATION
CROSSING SAND TRAIL PROGRAM
;•-, ; 1
MAP LEGEND

SITE BOUNDARY
37.0± ac.
PAVED ROADS
TREE LINES/WOODS
EXISTING STREAM
OBSCURED CONTOUR
INDEX CONTOUR
INTERMEDIATE CONTOUR
•.. - WETLAND BOUNDARY
BM®1 BENCH MARK
SITE
INFALLS
PRIMARY
OUTFACES
BENCHMARK
ELEVATIONS
BM 1 36.86
BM 2 36.76
BM 3 36.15
BM 4 45.73
BM 6 41,26
BM 7 41.16
-a P, ? -?Project:
??71*
r? WHITELACE
•;g CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
r
SITE
PLAN VIEW- LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
SCALES 1"•300'
'I Tide:
LOCAL
TOPOGRAPHY
N
AND
LAND FEATURES
D- By: ooze-
MAE JAN 2004
Cka By: ScoleCG 1"•300'
ESC Project No,
02-111
FIGURE
3
'A

i

t
G

40111
t`

i 4
5

3
f

l 1

3

N ?
p h x?j Wa$P,?0.

Y .e

k
Title:
W.#

FIGURE
2
AERIAL
PHOTOGRAPH
(1998)

EcoScicncc
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina 27605
Client:
NC WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project:
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Own By Date:
CSG JAN 2004
Scale.
l;kd By
JG As Shown
ESC Project No 02-111
>1< ? ?,L
Ke
., .., ., ali alt a? altalt_
l L l • a l l
alt alt alt alF >It >J< >J< >? alt al< •• •• ." .? ?„ alt alt alE alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alt a ,l
,t< aL ,!< - _ _ >? a? >l< a>< aL >L >!< '? ? ? ? ,t< ,t< ,? >!< ,L al< a? al< >l< >? al< ajt al< >!4 ?
alt alt alt aL alt alt alt alt alt alt alt ilt alt alt - - ? - alt als alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alr alt alt. ?It` . .
I a4 aL alt alt alt alt alt alt alt - - l 'Lt alt alt alt alt alt al
EXISTING
SAND TRAIL
ABANDONED WASTE
STORAGE LAGOON

Js
IIF - 4- AL
\ µ.
-is
r _
Z ? a}n a16 Zz?
a4, ;a? olt aL al< >{i alr all ? ,., . _ . ? ? al< -alt >b ;>4 Ja .. ? ?? aL au• ?a? >.. A ? ?1 ?; ? q ° `=?'??? : - ?
r-_ 1
EXISTING L L L ,
SAND TRAIL
ILI
ILI a? >? a? >? alt'alt.alt ? a? W ti _ _ _ - w ? ? y
IL,al<-li? -111 -11, -1L_ ??-31? -ILI -?.

W ajt alt alt alt alt ?"i 3. ._ alt alt alt alt r •..'
>J< al< alt >le >t< al< alt al< alt al< >L< ,l< -- ? ? >L >L aL aL ,lE ??? i ? ? r /?
l L L 1 l 1 .I.A .L A, A, 4 4 L Lli? aLIL, y.
_ al< alt alt al< a? ajt al< alr _alt al< a? _ alr a? ? ? ? ?>I? ?r ?.. ajt _>Is_ alE a? . ajt , ?t -a{! aL ?a1t- ili aL ? aL alF al< - 'lf
alt ? ? ? al< >? a,< >>< ' >?:a? a? a? >,<

Lu

?
Y,/ : aL aL
i?>J >J >L ,,
La
alt a? W
.1 alt alt alt alt alr alt alt alt all alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alt i - vt /yf%alt
?l Pr l l Ll l L Ll l La u
alt alt J, alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alt alt a alt _ '?' r
gal
SOILS LEGEND ?, W W ? a I, a? 'L 'L ?
al<,ileclass PLAN VIEW \11 a4 11, "
SCALE: 1"-300'
Js JOHNSTON A
aL_>lt >L
Kb KALMIA LOAMY SAND non-hydric
MAP LEGEND
. (1
DATA SOURCE: SCS 1977, NRCS 1996

EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
I REV190NS I
Client
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Title
REGIONAL
SOIL TYPES
Dwn By: Dale:
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By: Scole:
CG 1"•300'
ESC Project No.::
02-111
FIGURE
4

1

r
t

t

44
Z 42
LZ 40
` 38
0 36
0 34
w 32
CROSS-SECTION 1
(Sta. 14.46)
60 120 ldu Z4U
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bonkfull Width: 25.3 ft.
Bonkfull Maximum Depth: 2.6 ft.
Bankfull Average Depth: 1.9 ft.
Bonk full Cross- sectionol Area: 48.9 sq. ft..
Width of Flood Prone Area: 155 ft.±
CROSS-SECTION 2
(Sta. 24.65)
-

_ -
-
= = ?-

44
42 v 42
40 u- 40
` 38
38
36 0 36
34 a> 34
w 32
32
42
LL 40
38
a 36
suU 120 180 240 5UU 56U
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bankfull Width: 25.3 ft.
Bankfull Maximum Depth: 3.8 ft.
Bankfull Average Depth: 2.0 ft.
Bonk full Cross-sectional Area: 50.8 sq. ft..
Width of Flood Prone Area. 380 ft.±
CROSS-SECTION 5
(Sta. 3979)
42
L: 40
38
4 36
34
N 32

- --

-'r----
-
-

-----I
-

-- --` ---=--
- - +
-
? --,? -r -, r--
?-
--- -- - ---- -
- - -- - E
_•.4• -- --

- - --1-- -
-
_ - -

L
-
J 1-
42
40
38
36
34
32
0 60 120 180 240 300
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bankfull Width: 40.8 ft.
Bonkfull Maximum Depth: 3.0 ft.
Bonkfull Average Depth: 1.3 ft.
Bonk full Cross -sectionalArea: 51.5 sq. ft..
Width of Flood Prone Area: 260 ft.±
CROSS-SECTION 3
(Sta. 29.06)
v 42
u- 40
`- 38
.2 36
i 34
w 32

77-77
=a
42
40
38
36
34
32
0 60 120 180 240 300
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bankfull Width: 40.2 ft.
BonkfullMoximum Depth: 3.2 ft.
BonkfullAveroge Depth: 1.3 ft.
Bank full Cross- sectional Area, 50.2 sq. ft..
Width of Flood Prone Area: 280 ft.±
NOTE:
AJI Cross-sections
Facing the Downstream Direction
34
w 32
CROSS-SECTION 4
(Sta. 3316)
42
40
- ...
- - - 38
_:. .: - - 36
-
- -- 34

- -
- -

=

__

32
420
-- ---
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- __,

-,
- ------------
-

- --

a

0 60 120 180 240
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bank full Width: 58.0 ft.
Bonkfull Maximum Depth: 2.8 ft.
Bonkfull Average Depth: 0.9 ft.
Bonk full Cross-sectional Area, 50.2 sq. ft..
Width of Flood Prone Area. 280 ft.±
1500
••••••••• BANKFULL
EXISTING GRADE
• - FLOOD PRONE AREA
Z
a?
1000
C
a
C
0
a?
0
500
0
1
N
N
0
a
0 0
a?
c
J
500
42
40
38
36
34
32
300
CROSS-SECTION 6
(Sto. 43.01)
42
u 40
38
.0 36
0> 34
32
L0
42
_ 40
------- --------------
38
- 36
- 34
- - 32
- -----------------
EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
II REVISIONS II
0 60 120 180 240
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bonkfull Width: 50.6 ft.
Bankfull Maximum Depth: 2.3 ft.
Bonkfull Average Depth: 1.0 ft.
Bonk full Cross-sectional Area: 52.5 sq. ft..
Width of Flood Prone Area: 260 ft.±
CROSS-SECTION 7
(Sta. 47.15)
42
40
C
•- 38
`g 36
34
M 32
30C
- _ ----
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- ------ ---------- --
----- ?
-" --'
-

- -----

=; --
42
40
38
36
34
32
0 60 120 180 240 300
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bonk full Width: 43.7 ft.
BonkfullMoximum Depth: 2.5 ft.
BonkfullAveroge Depth: 1.3 ft.
Bonk full Cross- sec tionol Area*. 55.4 sq. ft..
Width of Flood Prone Area: 265 ft.±

-----,I--,-

s

, I

--- --I I I I

-------------

___
!-.. I

-----
?I_
-

I
. .
-- I

I
II
?

II

_ _ ?__
- +A- - -- -
y
° - --

:
71 z

T a
I
:
,

T
------- --- ---
'`J

i
Z
I
I ?.. -
I
500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Linear (Down Valley) Distance in Feet
Client:
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Title:
EXISTING
STREAM
DIMENSION
AND
PLAN VIEW
Own By: Date:
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By: Scale;
CG AS SHOWN
ESC Project No.:
02-111
FIGURE
C?
t
1
1
1
t
1
1
1
1
1
41
40
39
w 38
W
U_
z 37
zo 36
> 35
w
J
w 34
33
32
41
40
39
H
w 38
L_ 37
Z
0 36
I-_ 35
W
J
W 34
33
32
WHITELACE CREEK PROFILE
r
to ^
I 'N
to
n
`°
v
WETLAND
%
,
►—
r J
PROGRAM
,p1
Z'
01
.p-
_
n .,.,F ,nr1
,..,
n
fl n -
rT
YM u
Y
pp��
t?i' II.
tH
IJ 41 I1�1.
U1
w
v
f_
lu LI11J
,-
I 1
38
SITE
57
u l„
56
�A
55
CU
-
g,,�
i 3 C1
_..
EXISTING
n -nn
STREAM
n
{ ,
11,111
__
1 1111
__
1x111111111111
:
1II11I11�
_____
11111111
__ ____
_
1111/111
_
11111111,
_ _
___
111:1111
_ _
__ _
1111,1,1,
__ ______
11111111 I
_ _
1 L1111 LI 1 I I I 11 1111 1J IJ I I I I I _ i. 1 11
, 1I II11n111 11111111 111,11111 11 111,1 111 L 111
111111
1VL11111 _JV
_ ____ - -
11 11111111 1I 1111111 111 Ilii I1 1
11111111 111111111 11n11111 1111111 I
- _1
1111U L11!_IV1�
__
_
L1111111
111'1
LI L11
I _______
y � _ 1V
N 111
__
___
- - - -
L11111J L
,11J U111
11.......
- !'J.1 L
_ __ _�x
-
----_
��nn
__ _ _
_ _
Y11
_________ _____
1r 1
II I�
- ---
1 „ 111111
I - -
IIIIIIII
II
-- -
F, r,
1111I1I1111111,11111111111111:11.III
- -
IIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIII
- --
111 I11I II
-
1111 I,I I1
III,1,I11
--
III1111I1
11111:11 I1
- -
IIIIIIIII II
11111 1111 ��111,111
11II11111 In1111111n...... _-- -- --
-- - - -- -- -- - - - --- - - -
111111 IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII 1111IIIII IIIIIIIII IIII
' T', 'nn nr Tl,n nTl+n rl'
nrrt n T1rnn r1TITnrTnnrl Tl nnrnn 1TI,nrlT Ynrl TlTr rl Tlln rl nun I T "�
_
Tn
-- --
1i1Tn nT
____ _
Tn rI TIT'
m
-
1: ,:.:
;1III1:
-
-
1111
. -- -
nnrnn
�-
- -----
rmn mnnn
1
-
I
-
nnnrl
I
nTnnrTnrin,
�•
r1 T1TnnIl,nnTn
---
-- -
--
-
I
I;
.i1
-{�
�. ,n
H.
UlU UL
11 uL111
L111JU
I UULII
JU LIIU
111ULI
II LI LIIIJ
_ -,n
r rr
-
r r. .r
, rl rr .h
,
r
111
�� '
III
1
n ,
"Ill" U
UU i
„ic :iii
;;
- _
__
1:4_11
_____
___
_____
_ ___
_
�i��1�
_____
1�ir�>•n
_______
__ _
_ __
_
_____
_ ____
_______
'n'nn1
_ __
11111
11111111
_____
I1:,__
____ _
I;I1
_____
Ill'
_____
_____ __________i�l-rll
'rlTl 1,n'
________-___
I�I11
_____
_ _____
'rl
.I-1+1,�
...�i-.a�1'
ate. ,.l_ _
_____
nnrnn
u,,._- . I..
.:L.... -
---,
_.
_ _.L -- -:
T,-, 7,
'rlrnnr
1Tnrl Tl
nrlTnn
rt-,
-
lnlnrl
rnnrn'
,•nrin
T 1�nr1r1T
'rlrnnr
F.
_
r'n'n�1T, 'n
1T1TnIIrL1TIl
'nnr
'TIT'
Tn rl
r1 T,T In rl
T rTl
r1 T'
n I
u1-
y LJ{1L
nr1T
rlrnnr
-
rll
rn
- —
-
.I1
j 1 n n TIT
Tli n' ,nr1 r1
rn
Jr
nT
-
n
IT
-
rrrn
��
' :� Ir
T.
�.
- rIrIT
-
-- -
_I-
--
1
1
- -
;.
-
.
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
._ :,
n-nr:r.
,
-nr
r rrTn-IT,n-r.�-rT
n'
I
r
n ?- r
n r: n.
_,r
-1_f..
- _
r ,cr
-n nr nrr., -r.,ninnrr
n� _
^rT
r � _
- -
r
__
_
_ _ ___
,
__„_
_- ___
_ ..-
.lrnnr
-
'
r
71.
:,I,�
IU".
�[i
- `'
��
�•�-
u L1
U 1
1U 1
1
--
-
n�
L1 �U`
I____
_
�J
-
--
-
L1
..L_
- -
- -
--
JUL1
L 1'__
J__
J 1__
y`-
_111
_
__
__ __
-
__
-
__
-
___ _
:L'_
_ __
_ 1 ___ -1111
__ _
_.L
ii
_ __
___ __
_
-
_
'n'rl
_
_
i1T
__11u_1_
r
rlTnnrTnnnTr
'.'.
I
-
I,
r1 TlTn rl
T rinTn r rlrnnr.
nnnTl 1
:I
,Tit
ImI 'Tnnrn,
nrlrnrl
�r nrlrlr
nrnnr nrnnrl
nnnTn
I1
Irn
nrnnrrr
I1ii1
'1' 1i
I
nr r,n Ir,n-t
IIA
Tnr r-
1i:
rrl
r
,urn,
III
ar..nn� rn
_._ ,,
- ... _ �
_ .iii 1
r r .,,n - r.
- - � ❑nr
ii1.
TnllrT In ,--,nr
r,n-n,r,nrr
1',rTln,
rrrrrInr.
,n
i r:, 1,
-�r
T l
1-r'i,
_
- __
_
nrI-nrr
nnrIT_
-,LIr
nr Tit-
_.",
r
n--
-
-- -
- _
-
-
-
-_- - _-
�-
__nrr
_
-:'I -
;Hr
_ --
---
--
-' _
- - '--�
------'
- --
-1+«r -I«
UL1S
Ll IuL
_ 'J�
11
.I-fI-11-IfI 1-I
__ ____
J _
.:+
_
_ _
+1aHH
_ __
_ _ _
_ _
I
_ I _
1 _
If«« r
_ _
4
'
_ _
-
__ _
_
}
s}}
I
- 11-1-
---
- - ---
,1
-
- -
_ i --
L1u
- -
fii
LI
"�
-
JUUL1
LJ L,1 I1 L1
LI LI-
,I,, Li
lUUU11
- -
u
I
,H
Y
t..
+. -,
r1T Tl' Iit nr
u U
IL
C'
UL1
r1yr
uu
-
-
-
r1-",
I+1-.+, �'. -I__^
_.
-
k=
__
__
.^.
-
�k.
,�
.1
I-I�.
,
-
_
,,r
-
_--
JL
-
-
�1f1
nPIP14R
1 P1915 PIP
17 IFP1R
R
o. Al
.11 py-
'
r IT .11.I C
iti�A.'^,C,
�e.e,a�iero�'u'
_11J__
i
1
�,_
1
'
1 11
2
1 J
,
-
'ti 1
i_
�',
- - - -
-
r.
_
-
_
I
__
_
_ _ _
_ _ _
.7
_ 1 1
-
-
rinT '1' r' rrtnI
i
, Fill _
nnrnII nT II I
In urn
11
nm
,LI
r
r r
nnrlrr.n�l nrnr
nlnnn
..^.nr T;, I,
rr.n
�nrrrt.
L _ _
r r, rTnnnr urn
FITn:
rrr, ,n nrrn
n"T
I' I' rnr rr n-?,nrr
li „
':I '1' rTr,r
nrr
,r1
,nrr,r]rr,nr
n
'tnr r,hrrl r
r :r,r?nrr
.....', �.
�r,n
ri _.
nrll
..r t rr-:':
- T,r;. ri n T
r.'irrr
r .:^ in
- r
',rr1
I I�L L
11-11.1
r.r„
H
++ �J.1
.11-
-
ur1
1L�u
,
1111 LIL 1'JUL
11
U u'll L11
ull
Jr1y
u
x
�L1
6-L!
I.L+ uL1J
u u_I UL
1U ULl
JL'U.I!
- -
IIJLl
-
-
1}
JI{
1
_ U _IL
-
-
l I
--ii
+_ __ _
__ -
_
____
__ _
_
__
- I
_ _
__ _
__
1
_
__
i;I
rTITnrTTn
rIT
__ _ __
f
nrrrn T:7 In nr
___
Tnr Tl
�T
rrr
r
_ ___
Hunt',
r
�n
_
1rnrT
__
nr FIT'
_
,n r'lnrir
_
___
..JJ
1T,nr ,r l r TnrIT nr.I
�.'
n' T,n rr
-
Tnn T
�n
r, T,-
nr rnn rTln r'r
n'T
nrrrn Tln"'T
II IIT l
�r
- ,n�
n
,nrr T�,rnTI
r n r r r
r'
-,r
r r I,n r
n
n rr
rTT r
rr �- -rt r
r'
n '.r '�
-
I ,r nrr
I
L'IINn
-
I _
r
n�T
II
II
T
n
n�, Ir—IIT1
11
n�T
rr-
ni,
{r
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN FEET
WHITELACE CREEK PROFILE
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
In
t0 .t
0U -)
01p t0
n
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
U
j-�y�
ul V/
Project
►� �,
L
Na ^ 7
f1jH yHH+iHH+'i Hr-+
i��
WHITELACE
n
fl n -
rT
YM u
Y
pp��
t?i' II.
tH
IJ 41 I1�1.
LILIJu
IiIJu4li
lu LI11J
_
4111 ✓-
I 1
38
SITE
57
u l„
56
H
_ y�l��u
55
CU
-
g,,�
i 3 C1
+d ^
r«
i p9l u r_
Y
EXISTING
53
STREAM
n
{ ,
11,111
__
1 1111
__
1x111111111111
:
1II11I11�
_____
11111111
__ ____
_
1111/111
_
11111111,
_ _
___
111:1111
_ _
__ _
1111,1,1,
__ ______
11111111 I
_ _
1 L1111 LI 1 I I I 11 1111 1J IJ I I I I I _ i. 1 11
, 1I II11n111 11111111 111,11111 11 111,1 111 L 111
111111
1VL11111 _JV
_ ____ - -
11 11111111 1I 1111111 111 Ilii I1 1
11111111 111111111 11n11111 1111111 I
CG
1111U L11!_IV1�
I
_
L1111111
111'1
LI L11
I _______
y � _ 1V
N 111
__
___
- - - -
L11111J L
,11J U111
11.......
- !'J.1 L
_ __ _�x
-
----_
��nn
__ _ _
_ _
Y11
_________ _____
1r 1
II I�
- ---
1 „ 111111
I - -
IIIIIIII
II
-- -
F, r,
1111I1I1111111,11111111111111:11.III
- -
IIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIII
- --
111 I11I II
-
1111 I,I I1
III,1,I11
--
III1111I1
11111:11 I1
- -
IIIIIIIII II
11111 1111 ��111,111
11II11111 In1111111n...... _-- -- --
-- - - -- -- -- - - - --- - - -
111111 IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII 1111IIIII IIIIIIIII IIII
' T', 'nn nr Tl,n nTl+n rl'
nrrt n T1rnn r1TITnrTnnrl Tl nnrnn 1TI,nrlT Ynrl TlTr rl Tlln rl nun I T "�
_
Tn
-- --
1i1Tn nT
____ _
Tn rI TIT'
____ _
11tll
nT1Tn.,
___ _
_
11 Irn rl Tlr
________ _
i
-
:11n1 TIT nI
' r,
nr1 TITn
IT1T'
1n nr1�'
nnrnn
'n
rrnnr
- -----
rmn mnnn
1
n
n T
,, ,,, �r!,
-rn nr nn
rlrnnr
nnnrl
nnrnn
nTnnrTnrin,
r1 T1TnnIl,nnTn
r1T,rnr
Tnnrl Tl n
rTn rrt nr Tn
11 n
HHHa+
: �
I
I;
.i1
-{�
�. ,n
H.
UlU UL
11 uL111
L111JU
I UULII
JU LIIU
111ULI
II LI LIIIJ
JUL
1110 LI11
111U,I UU111 1, I1UU JUL 111U LI11 UL1111U L111ULI111 IlI u
I I„
111
�� '
III
1
"Ill" U
UU i
„ic :iii
;;
- _
__
1:4_11
_____
___
_____
_ ___
_
�i��1�
_____
1�ir�>•n
_______
__ _
_ __
_
_____
_ ____
_______
'n'nn1
_ __
11111
11111111
_____
I1:,__
____ _
I;I1
_____
Ill'
_____
_____ __________i�l-rll
'rlTl 1,n'
________-___
I�I11
_____
_ _____
'rl
_____
__
_____
nnrnn
____
��rn�
rrnn
_ ___ _ __
nr' rrnn nn
_
_ Ti-, 11
nn
it
_________
1nI nr In nrl
_____
IlTin'
T,-, 7,
'rlrnnr
1Tnrl Tl
nrlTnn
rt-,
-
lnlnrl
rnnrn'
,•nrin
T 1�nr1r1T
'rlrnnr
F.
_
r'n'n�1T, 'n
1T1TnIIrL1TIl
'nnr
'TIT'
Tn rl
r1 T,T In rl
T rTl
r1 T'
n I
nr1 TITh
1TnnrIT
nr1T
rlrnnr
1Tn Hill TIT n n TI'n
{�
rll
rn
-,Tit rlT
Tn rl Tlr'
- -
rI l!!�n:'�
*I n}n
j 1 n n TIT
Tli n' ,nr1 r1
rn
1
TI'�n
nT
rn rl
rITT1,'
n
IT
nr n
rrrn
Tnn I
T.
- rIrIT
_
n«Ir
...
_
'
;1
71.
:,I,�
IU".
1:1
ilr cul
"u�'
�-,,,
LI11L',
It 1:1L'
I
u L1
U 1
1U 1
1
II
J�LL,1
I 1-1I
L1 �U`
I____
L1
_
1J
__ ,
It1u
I 1
L
-,111:1
Ill
_'___
L1
..L_
UL,11u
____
1JUL111I
___
L 111
L11UL1
____
LIJU
____ _
__
__
_ _
_
±1
_ _
yI LI
_ __ I11 ULIl
UL Llu
_
F _
�::
_
_ _
L_ _ __
_r
_ ___
___
'n'rl
_
_
i1T
'rlrnnr
rlTnnrTnnnTr
-
n11 TITh
IT1TnrlTfurl
TrT'
r1 TlTn rl
T rinTn r rlrnnr.
nnnTl 1
i''n
,Tit
ImI 'Tnnrn,
nrlrnrl
�r nrlrlr
nrnnr nrnnrl
nnnTn
I1
Irn
nr,nnnT
nnrnn
rtn nnr
v,rvrn rrrn nn
nnrnn I'rn
nT Tnnnrl
nrrtnn
nTnnr
nnr: Tl
" '�_'
Tnn
lrn nrlT,n
r1T1T
r1TlTnrl
TnnTl,
I r,
Tl, n(IT1 n
11 TT 'IT,1rJI
ITnn
ITnnnTTnnTn
rlinnrl
�«
I 11
r1,
TITrl
L:�
TT
,r- IfHr - If
;« +I
««+I+«
-1+«r -I«
1-I r.1+ly1
r1f IVHH«rl«s«
.I.HHf
.I-fI-11-IfI 1-I
I+I,«
I+««I-If
�+H «+1 iNH
+1aHH
r «Hh+«I-I
I-I+I
,+I+
If«« r
I
L1u
LI
1
JUUL1
LJ L,1 I1 L1
LI LI-
,I,, Li
lUUU11
- -
u
I
t..
UU11.
u U
IL
C'
UL1
uu
- -
u
-
-
--
__
__
--_
.1
_
-
-_-
-
_--
-
-
�1f1
nPIP14R
1 P1915 PIP
17 IFP1R
R
o. Al
.11 py-
'
r IT .11.I C
iti�A.'^,C,
�e.e,a�iero�'u'
L+'.
'ITfn
.i�i.
H�u
��L
.t
riS !.! e
e ,wuu
- y'
,�I L
L'
.
.. u
I I�L L
11-11.1
'}
_11' r1+r. ` r. r
,
-
..I
.f�'�I
i.J-
x
1
6-L!
.-'d-1:-UM I
! U'�L'-U'
JL'U.I!
- -
-
-
1}
-
-
--
--ii
-
- I
III - -
r�T
�� r�1r,�',;rr
�.,�n,-
nr
7nrT
II'll
T'ill
1
}'l nrr
rl
Tnn T Tnl
I
nl T
nrnnrl
l
nrlTl
n
,mrr ;, I r
I-
_ n
-
-
r,-;rrf _
_
.1�,;
I _
r
II
II
11
{r
,;
':
„, 11„
"'Jnr,
II
"I
rli i
l ll
l
,rl rn ni
„1
l
...—
I ,I....I
rli l
1n
II:
?i l':
�i
1 1
:11 1
I l l lr
,I
11 111 ,1 X 11 1 111 1
I
II„
4,
::
;
J,
;
I i
1
r
n
i
-
I i l'
, r
1 1 �I 11.1
-1 11 I l -.I ', r
:,
-1','.
2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3/00 .5tiuu 15vuu 4uuu 41Uu 4zuu 1+13uu ,r•+vv -+wv 1+vvv -+/vv -+ovv
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN FEET
NOTE:
STREAM PROFILE STATIONING BEGINS AT CONFLUENCE OF
WHITELACE CREEK AND UT TO WHITELACE CREEK.
BED ELEVATION
------• ------ WATER ELEVATION
%m
EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
REVISIONS 11
7
Client:
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project
�1
WHITELACE
CREEK
FO
STREAM AND
39
WETLAND
RESTORATION
38
SITE
57
LENOIR COUNTY,
56
NORTH CAROLINA
55
Title:
54
EXISTING
53
STREAM
PROFILE
32
Dwn By:
Dole:
MAF
JAN 2004
Ckd By:
Scale:
CG
111•150'
ESC Project No.:
02-111
FIGURE
7

Y
d
m
L
U
CD
U
c?
m
w
t
L
U
m
d
L
d
3
O
J
N
O
w
O
t
CL
Y
d
d
L
U
CD
U
m
N
w
2L
J
L
U
N
d
L
d
a
a
O
O
r
CL
{
!'F
a-
0
U
3
O
w
R
L
U
L
Q
w
C
N
U
M.
Q
et
O
w
O
t
a
Y
d
m
L
U
m
U
cC
d
Y_
L
U
l0
d
vi
O
w
O
r
a
5
confined within the banks of the channel). Figure 8 depicts a schematic representation of the
stream evolutionary process occurring at the Site, as well as restored floodplain and stream
conditions.
In the stream evolutionary process, the G stream type is a precursor to F stream type
development; however, the initial classification would depend on the channel width immediately
following dredging activities. Following dredging of a stream, peak flows within the new channel
can be expected to erode the channel until it has widened and adjusted itself to its required belt
width and developed a new floodplain. The new floodplain will then reside at a lower elevation
than the antecedent floodplain.
Sediment supply in an over-widened channel is expected to increase to moderate to high levels,
depending on the amount of stream bank erosion and other factors. Depositional features are
common in this stream type, and lends itself to floodplain development inside the bankfull
channel. The resultant stream type within the Coastal Plain is typically the E5 stream type. The
E5 stream type is a sand-dominated bed located in gentle sloping valleys, with moderate
sinuosity, and very low channel width/depth ratio (<12).
Currently, the rapid establishment of riparian vegetation on sediment deposits within the current
channel has impeded the development of a new channel. The existing active channel is
severely undersized and is being held in place by a rhizotimous mat of herbaceous vegetation
at the new floodplain elevation. Significant reworking of the floodplain and stream banks
(i.e. sediment supply) of the undersized channel will continue for the foreseeable future, hereby
continually adding sediment and degrading water quality downstream.
Whitelace Creek, within the Site, supports a flood-prone area ranging from 100 feet to 250 feet
in width with an entrenchment ratio ranging from 1.2 to 14.6. Much of the existing channel is
actively widening into bank materials with areas of previous bank collapse exhibiting
entrenchment ratios of up to 4.0 (characteristic of F-type streams). Without bank vegetation to
reduce erosion, the banks are expected to continue eroding into a broad, widened gully with
intermittent point and mid-channel bars (F-type stream). The amount of eroded material and
resultant sediment in the watershed required to produce a stable floodplain and meandering
(E type) stream has been roughly estimated at approximately 15,000 cubic yards, including a
70- to 90-foot eroded belt width that abuts the adjacent channel.
3.3 2 Groundwater Hydrology
Groundwater hydrology is driven primarily by frequent overbank floods, inputs from precipitation,
and the rate of groundwater discharge into the stream channel. Overbank flooding from
Whitelace Creek is an integral aspect of on-site hydrology maintenance (see flood frequency
determination discussion in Section 5.0), and represents a surrogate to lateral groundwater flow
in calculating the water balance equation. Removal of forest vegetation, conversion of adjacent
forest to pasture land, channel dredging/manipulation, and leveling of soil surfaces most likely
accelerate the rate of near-surface groundwater discharge from the Site. Modifications to
stream channel including dredging, diminished rooting functions, and the soil surface
characteristics would be expected to increase the rate of discharge adjacent to the stream and
lower the water table near the disturbed stream reach. On-site groundwater data analysis is
detailed in Section 5.2.
6

DREDGED CHANNEL AND
FLOODPLAIN GRADING
Riffle Width = 40 ft.
RiffleMean Depth= 5-6 ft.
WID Ratio = 6-8
Stream Type = G5
7 N....
Fill in wetland (Prior Converted Cropland)
EcoScience Corporation
1101 Haynes Street., Suite 100
Raleigh North Carolina 27804 9198283473
40 ft.
Depositional Areas
with Existing Sod Mat
PRIOR TO RESTORATION \
Stream Type = G5-? F5-? E5
transition
N-N
17 ft.
C.
Floodplain Resi
y
TIME-SPACE SUBSTITUTION OF STREAM MORPHOLOGY
WHITELACE CREEK WETLAND AND STREAM RESTORATION SITE
LENOIR COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Figure: 8
Project: 02-111
Date: JAN 2004

RESTORED CONDITION
Riffle Width = 20 ft.
Riffle Mean Depth = 2.2 ft.
A. B.
Restored Wetland Elevation
20 ft.

1
n

u

Table 1
Stream Geometry and Classification
Whitelace Creek Stream Restoration Site (Phase 1)
Reference Conditions Existing On-S ite Conditions Proposed Conditions
Moseley Creek Mill Run Upper Reach Lower Reach Upper Reach Lower Reach
Lenoir County Jones County Whitelace Creek Whitelace Creek Whitelace Creek Whitelace Creek
Drainage
Area 8.0 12.9 9.3 10.1 9.3 10.1
(sq. mi.)
Dimension
Attribute Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range
kf
44 1
43-45
_ 44
40-48
49
- 48-51 _
53
51-54
48
46-50
52
49 55
- - ---
---- -
Wbkf 21-..- -- 20-22 - - - 22- -) - 20-24.._- 40- --! - 40-41-- 54 . . ---I 50-59 --22 --- _21-23 --- 23 - 22-24
-
Dbkf --
2.1
2.0
-
1.9-2.2
- -
--__1.2-1.3
1.0
0_9-1.0
2.2
2.0-2.4
_2.3 _
2.1-2.4
-
-
-
- -
Dmax ---
2.9 2.7 3.2
-- -- 2.9
- 2.7 3.0
- --- 3.1
---- _ 3.0 3.2
- -- - 2.6
- - _ 2.3 2.8
- - 2.6
--
- - _
2.3-2.9
-
- -- 2.8
...
- 2_5 3.0
--

f a
>400
440
---
- _ -330
310

--

-
-
-
- 270-290 85 70100 110 100
120
._--

y
- 26 -

------ --- -
22 ?
-

15-26
-
-
-

a
- --- --

a
- _ -' - -- _
--
na
-
-
-
na
---
24
22-25
25
23-26
Dp
max 3.8 3.6-4.0 3.8 -
2.9-4.8 na na na _ na _ 4.2 _ 3.5-4.4
-- - 4.4 3.7-5.1
--
-- -
_
LBH 2.9 2.7-3.2 2.9 2.7-3.0 4.4 4.1

4.6
-

2.6

2.3-2.6

1
2.6
1
2.8

-
0 44-
Attribute Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean 1 Range Mean Range Mean Range
ft
Wb 73 j 60-95 64 , 42-110 60 _ 50.7_0 80 - 70-90 _
-
e
L 281 238 305 148 j 110190 No distinct repetitive pattern of riffles No distinct repetitive pattern of riffles 170 _
135-230 _ 175 125-305 _
M
Rc 62 41-88 48 -34-75 and pools within the channel and pools within the channel 55 45_-100 60 50 90
Sin 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2
13 -F;I-
Attribute Mean Range Mean Range Median I Range Median Range Mean Range Mean j Range
Sane _
Sws 0.0015 j _
0.0012 0.0012
0.0008 - 0.0010
0.0008 0.0014 0.0011 -! _
_0_.0_013_ - 0.0008 0.0013 _ j - _- -
0.0011
S 0009-0
0050
0023 0
0 0025 I 0.0000-0.0089
0 0.002 0.002 -
ame _
S .
.
.
0020
0003-0
0010 j 0
0 .
0 0.0015
0.0003 No distinct repetitive pattern of riffles _
0.0
No distinct repetitive pattern of riffles 0.0 _
pool _
L -
.
.
.
-
58 25-80 -
58 I 17_123 and pools within the channel _
and pools within the channel
60 50-70 70 60-80
P.,
Lp-p 190 96-202 _
97 46139 --
90 75-105 100 85-115
I Substrate I Coarse Sand I Coarse Sand H Medium Sand I Medium Sand I Medium Sand I Medium Sand
Stream
Type
I

E5
I

E5
:::] C5c-

GC?F54C5c-4(E5)'
E C5c

GC->F5->C5c-4(E5)1

5

5
Abkf Riffle cross-sectional area at bankfull (ftz) LBH Low bank height (distance from Svalley Valley slope(rise/run)
Wbkf Bankfull width (ft) thalweg to the top of low bank) (ft) SWS Water surface slope (rise/run)
Dbkf Riffle depth at bankfull (ft) Wbell Belt width (ft) Srime Riffle slope (rise/run)
Dmax Maximum depth (ft) Lm Meander wavelength (ft) Sped Pool slope (rise/run
Wfpa Width of Floodprone Area (ft) Rc Radius of Curvature (ft) Lp Pool length (ft)
Wpool Mean width of pool at bankfull (ft) Sin Sinuosity (thalweg dist/straight-line list.) Lp.p Length from pool to pool (ft)
Dpmax Maximum pool depth (ft) Lpoel Pool length (ft)
'see discussion in Section 3.3.1
E

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

(4) 4l6ual food
uni/asu) adols lood
(uru/asu) adols alll!H
(und/asu) adols ooelins aaleM
adols GIleA 4aiie^S
(y) food of food wal gl6ua-l d-dq
(4) adnlenm:D to smpea 'H
d- (1;) g16u919neM dapueaW w-1
ioodS ()j) 4lp!M lla8 IegM
QWjJS (gldep lnlilueq wnwlxew
s"S Ag6laq Nueq lsaMol) o9eH 14619H ? Ueg HH9
gldap food wnwlxeW xewdQ
(4) Ilnlilueq le food to glp!M ueaW l0°dM
(4) eajy euoidpool j to 4lp!M ed'M
()j) gldep wnwlxeW xewd
(4) llnINUeq le 4ldap alll!H ;NqQ
(4) 4lp!M IinlNuee 'NqM
(,,g/VVed,M) luawg3ajlU3 1N3
- 05L-E_ - Zb ---- 8bb
£
lb 8966 !
9b
L'6-9'V L'6
?g
9£ 9Z
;_ - -0 6 ----
' -
_
_
- Z £ _E Z - - L•Z !auuego aql u!gl!M stood pue !auuego agl u!gl!M stood pue _
_
0.9-L'O ---? --6-Z---- _
- 8 E Z l --? -
87 '"aANwod?
0
- - - 0 0'0 sel}}u to waled an!lgodai lougs!p ON salg!j jo uaa4ed anggadaj lou!ls!p ON 8' l-O'0 9'0 _-
L' L-Z'0
6'0 SMSP S
- 8' - _ 97 -Z• L L-0'0 9T -
Z'b-L-O i 6 6 -- sMS/mvs -

a ueH ueaW a ueH ueaW a uea uelpaW a ueH uelpaW a uea ueaW a ueH ueaW 9ingla8y
soRe21 01110ad
_ Z'£L b'9 _ 9'L 9'OL L'9
j 1'1 lauuego agl u!gl!M stood pue lauuego agl u
gl!M stood pue L'6-9'b 0'1 9'bL-b' L L 9'EL 'igMl"r-
_ 6'£-Z'Z 9'Z -
9'b-6'Z _
TZ sal}}u to ujaped an!l!ladaa }ou!lslp ON !
sal}}u to ueUed aA!l!ladaj lou!ls!p ON L'£ b' L _
Z'Z Z'b-0'Z _
0'E 'XgMlON
6'£-O'S ! TE _
Z'E-E'Z L'Z 6 -i _ 6'Z - E•b-6•Z 9E ;4QIWplagM
a ueH ueaW a ueH ueaW a ueH ueaW a ueH ueaW a ueH ueaW a uea ueaW alnqul}y
s04ea uaa;fed

--- 0'6
- - - ---
-- -- 0'L
- ---
-- -- - Z'L
- ---- - 5'6-C' L
--- -- b'6 0'L 0'L 21H8

Z'Z 9 6
07
Z'Z-9' L
6'L

eu

eu -- a-

eu
- eu -- - - ----

eu - - -

5.Z_E-----

-6.6 -----

--- 61-f : --- --

---g. -

lag0lxa
6'6 0 6
- - -- - 0 --- - L-l O-L -- ----L -- eU -- - eu !
e eu E'6 Z L Z.L - -?goodM
b' 6 6-Z'6 0 L 9' 6 6-8'9 0 L 9'99 0'OS 819 -
VK-8'OE __-
ZE - -
ZL E'6 ---
8'06 -- ----1
E'OL Z'6 ------
86 ??g +?g ---
UI M
97 -L'LL 6'ZL 96 L'b6 9'b6 8'9 9'b Z'9 E'8-9'L 8 9'6Z-E'8L Z'OZ 6L< 1N3
a uea ueaW a uea j ueaW a ueH ueaW a uea ueaW a uea ueaW a ueH ueaW elnqugy
sOIWM uolsuawld
L'OL E'6 6'06 E'6 6'ZL 0'8 Iw s ea,y a6eu!eia

m JO a3ela4!4M
40eaa lamo- 3100io 03ela4!4M
4aeeM daddN )laado 03e194l4M
43eall Jamo-1 3100ao ooelal14M
4aeab 1addn lunoo sauo(
unH ll!W lunoo alouaq
)laado AelasoW
su0l}Ipu03 pasodad suoll,Ipu00 04!S-uo 6ul}SIx3 suol}lpuoo aouaaalab
(L aseLld) al,ls uolleaoISaa weaaIS 3I00a3 03el0l!4M
Sogeb tijawoaE) weaalg
Z algel

CIS

F_J

L
3.4 Existing On-Site Wetlands
Jurisdictional areas are defined using the criteria set forth in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(COE) Wetlands Delineation Manual (DOA 1987). Wetlands are defined by the presence of
three criteria: hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and evidence for wetland hydrology during
the growing season (DOA 1987). Open water systems and wetlands receive similar treatment
and consideration with respect to Section 404 review. Site jurisdictional areas include surface
water in bank-to-bank streams and vegetated wetlands.
Site jurisdictional areas were delineated and located using Global Positioning System (GPS)
technology on June 19 and 20, 2003. The delineation was approved by the COE. (Mr. Scott
Jones, regional field office representative) on September 22, 2003 (Action ID 200310940).
Based on the jurisdictional boundary mapping approximately 16.4 acres of jurisdictional
wetlands were identified within the existing floodplains of the Site (Figure 9). The upper section
of the reach (above Kennedy Dairy Road) supports a narrow floodplain with wetlands limited to
areas adjacent to the stream channel; the lower section (below Kennedy Dairy Road) has
developed a wider floodplain that supports wetland marsh up to 200 feet in width. Wetlands in
the lower portion section are, in part, caused by beaver activity which in some areas has caused
a rise in the baseflow water levels slightly above that of the existing floodplain elevation.
NRCS records indicate that farmed portions of the Site are designated as prior-converted (PC)
cropland. A PC cropland is a wetland which was both manipulated and cropped prior to
December 23, 1985 to the extent that it no longer exhibits important wetland functions
(Section 512.15 of the National Food Security Act Manual [FSA], August 1988). PC cropland is
not subject to regulation under the jurisdiction of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. PC areas
that have not been managed for 5 years or more are subject to FSA regulations. Approximately
7.1 acres of PC cropland occur within the Site boundary. Fields adjacent to the Site identified
as PC cropland are identified in Figure 9. PC cropland determination and mapping by NRCS is
provided in Appendix A.
' 3.5 Plant Communities
Distribution and composition of existing plant communities (Figure 10) reflect variations in
topography, soils, hydrology, and past or present land use practices. Three plant communities
' have been identified on the Site: 1) agricultural and disturbed land, 2) pine plantation, and
3) wetland shrub/scrub and marsh.

11

I I

Agricultural and disturbed land is characterized by planted crops of corn, soybean, and cotton
and represents approximately 34 percent of the Site vegetative cover. Pine plantations of
various stand age occur on approximately 18 percent of the Site. Species associated with this
community are loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and longleaf pine (P. palustris).
Wetland shrub-scrub and marsh occurs within the Whitelace Creek floodplain and covers
approximately 43 percent of the Site. Areas adjacent to the channel are inundated for long
periods and support seedbox (Ludwigia sp.), bog hemp (Boehmeria cylindrica), American
cupscale (Sacciolepis striata), jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), rushes (Juncus spp.), wool
grass (Scirpus cyperinus), cattail (Typha latifolia), flat-topped sedge (Cyparus sp.), tear-thumb
(Polygonum sp.) and meadow beauty (Rhexia sp.). Outlying, mesic areas of the floodplain
support early succession woody trees and shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra), persimmon
9
(Diospyros virginiana), river birch (Betula nigra), swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla),
cherrybark oak (Quercus pagodaefolia), laurel oak (Q. laurifolia), red maple (Acer rubrum),
groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia), and sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua).
3.6 Water Quality
Whitelace Creek maintains a State best usage classification of C Sw NSW (Stream Index
No. 27-76) (DWQ 1997). Class C uses include aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing,
wildlife, and secondary recreation. Secondary recreation refers to activities involving human
body contact with water on an infrequent or incidental basis. These systems have also been
assigned a "Nutrient Sensitive Waters" (NSW) supplemental classification, which requires
limitations on future nutrient inputs that could be detrimental to water quality. In addition, the
"Swamp Waters" (Sw) designation signifies systems that support low velocities and other
natural characteristics that are different from adjacent waters (DWQ 1997). Whitelace Creek
has not been rated based on support of designated uses.
Historically, the Whitelace Creek floodplain provided water quality benefits to the Neuse River.
However, runoff from this land area essentially bypasses wetland floodplains as drainage canals
transport flow directly through the Site. Restoration of wetland hydrology and diversion of
watersheds onto restored wetland surfaces will provide regional water quality benefits, including
important functions such as particulate retention, removal of elements and compounds, and
nutrient cycling.
EEP has developed a basinwide wetland and riparian restoration plan for the Neuse River
Basin, including watersheds that encompass the Site (WRP 1998). The restoration plan
identifies priority watersheds based on the need for restoration. Subsequently, sites within
priority watersheds are evaluated to determine potential for restoration that contributes to goals
established for the river basin. Primary restoration goals in the Neuse River Basin include
1) improvement of water quality, 2) increase in flood retention capacity, 3) improvement in
wildlife habitat, and 4) increase in recreational opportunities. The Site resides within DWQ sub-
basin 03-04-05 and USGS 14-digit sub-basin 03020202040020. The watershed surrounding
the Site is designated as a targeted local watershed.
Perennial and intermittent streams in the Neuse River basin, including Whitelace Creek, are
regulated by the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) under rules established by the Neuse River
Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management Strategy (DWQ 1998). The strategy is designed, in
part, to provide a 30 percent reduction in nitrogen loads flowing into the Neuse River. The DWQ
Neuse River rules apply regulations that prohibit, with certain exceptions, clearing of existing
forest vegetation, filling, and development activities within 50 feet of perennial and intermittent
tributaries of the Neuse River. This protected 50-foot zone on either side of stream channels
has been designated as the riparian buffer. Under existing conditions, approximately. 80 percent
of the Site lacks a riparian buffer and 20 percent lacks an adequate riparian buffer; most of the
buffer area has been converted for agricultural use.
3.7 Wildlife
Although forested tracts in the region have been extensively removed for large-scale agricultural
purposes, nearby natural areas such as the Neuse River, Bear Creek, and Falling Creek
riparian and wetland corridors provide food, water, and cover for various species of forested
10

H

L

I'

wetland plant and animal associates. The vegetated floodplain along the lower reach of the Site
may support wildlife species adapted to early succession, edge, and wetland marsh habitat;
however, a majority of the Site presents limited vegetated habitat suitable for wildlife abundance
and diversity.
In spite of area-wide changes to forested habitat (agriculture, timber harvesting, etc.), the
vegetated portions of the corridor provides some connectivity to the Neuse River riparian
corridor and continues to support large mammals such as bobcat (Fells rufus), gray fox
(Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Surrounding lands
support many smaller mammals, including character species such as gray squirrel (Sciurus
carolinensis), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and
eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus). Numerous burrows were noted as indications of
small rodent populations such as mole (Sca/opus aquaticus), shrews (Sorex longirostris, Blarina
carolinensis), and mice (primarily Peromycus spp.) (Webster et al. 1985).
Characteristic bird species that can be expected to utilize wetlands in the region include great
blue heron (Ardea herodias), black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), mallard (Anas
platyrhynchos), wood duck (Aix sponsa), and barred owl (Strix varia). In addition, a high
number of passerine birds, both permanent and summer resident species, nest in bottomland
hardwood forest. Among these are several neotropical migrants such as Swainson's warbler
(Limnothlypis swainsonii) and prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea), and other forest-
interior species such as the wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) and Acadian flycatcher
(Empidonax virescens), that require large tracts of contiguous forest for survival (Hamel 1992).
Whitelace Creek supports areas of standing water that provide suitable conditions for many
species of fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Characteristic species include red-bellied water snake
(Nerodia erythrogaster), cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus), yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys
scripta), spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata), southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia) and marbled
salamander (Ambystoma opacum) (Martof et al. 1980). However, due to dredging,
straightening, and diversion of the stream, riparian cover and functional in-stream habitat have
been significantly compromised. A well-defined riffle-pool complex and in-stream habitat such
as shade and root masses are lacking within the linear channel portion of the Site.
3.8 Regional Corridors
The Site is located within a watershed where over 80 percent of the land area has been
converted for agricultural and residential use. The Neuse River corridor (approximately 0.9 mile
downstream) represents the primary regional corridor providing connectivity of the Site to other
contiguous natural areas such as the Bear Creek and Falling Creek riparian corridors.
Additional forested buffers are encouraged that provide direct forest connectivity to 1) the Bear
Creek riparian corridor to the west, 2) the large patch of forest.located 2.5 miles northwest of the
Site (on the Neuse River terrace side slope adjacent to US 70), and 3) the Falling Creek riparian
corridor to the east. Auxiliary wetland preservation and management projects should be
considered to conserve the remaining forest corridor from the lower reach of Whitelace Creek to
its confluence with the Neuse River.
11
3.9 Protected Species
Federally listed species with Endangered or Threatened status receive protection under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). The USFWS lists the bald eagle
(Haliaeetus leucocephalus), red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) and sensitive
jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) as the only federally protected species with ranges that
extend into Lenoir County. Due to the prevalence of agriculture and lack of suitable habitat, red-
cockaded woodpecker and sensitive jointvetch are not expected within 5 miles of the Site.
Suitable habitat for bald eagle does potentially exist on portions of the Neuse River south of the
Site; however, mitigation activities at the Site are not expected to impact habitat preferable for
bald eagle nesting or foraging. The NCNHP maintains no documented recordings of federally
Threatened or Endangered species in the area.
NCNHP records indicate that one state listed species, Neuse River waterdog (Necturus lewisil),
occurs 1) in the Neuse River approximately 2.5 miles southwest of the Site and 2) in Bear Creek
approximately 4.5 miles northwest of the Site. The Neuse River waterdog is a species endemic
to the state of North Carolina and is listed as a species of Special Concern. Suitable habitat for
this species does exist within the Whitelace Creek watershed. No other state listed species are
documented to occur within 5.0 miles of the Site.
4.0 REFERENCE STUDIES
4.1 Reference Streams
A fundamental concept of stream classification entails the development and application of
regional reference curves to stream reconstruction and enhancement activities. Regional
reference curves can be utilized to predict bankfull stream geometry, discharge, and other
parameters in altered systems. Development of regional reference curves for the Coastal Plain
of North Carolina was initiated in 2001 (Sweet and Geratz, 2003). Regional curves for the
coastal plain are located in Appendix B. These curves characterize a broad size-range of
streams within the Coastal Plain physiographic province. However, small watersheds or
deviations in valley slope, land use, or geologic substrates may not be accurately described by
the curves. Therefore, verification of individual watersheds (or regions) may be necessary and
are typically accomplished through the use of reference studies. Two reference stream sites
have been utilized in conjunction with regional curves for detailed planning and stream
characterization for this mitigation project.
The primary reference reach, Moseley Creek (Photos 5-6), is located approximately 6 miles
north of the Site (see Figure 1). Moseley Creek drains into Falling Creek approximately 1.0 mile
downstream of the reference reach. Watershed size above the reference reach is
approximately 8.0 square miles; the floodplain averages nearly 1000 feet in width. The adjacent
forest has been selectively harvested in the recent past and the canopy remains relatively open
in some areas. A reference reach of Mill Run (Photos 7-8) was also used to corroborate the
information obtained from Moseley Creek. The Mill Run reference reach is located in central
Jones County and encompasses a watershed size of approximately 12.9 square miles (see
Figure 1).
12
Photo 5. Moseley Creek
aT ?
'
U.

?y

<

Photo 7. Mill Run
Photo 6. Moseley Creek
Photo 8. Mill Run
Both reference streams, Moseley Creek and Mill Run, are characterized by a well-developed
floodplain, moderately sinuous channel pattern, moderately low channel gradient, cohesive
channel materials with high accumulations of organics, and dense floodplain vegetation with
root mats along the channel banks. The reference stream channels are classified as an E-type.
Stream cross-sections and plan views for both reference streams are shown on Figures 11
and 12. Tables 1 and 2 provide a summary of the reference streams utilized to establish
reconstruction parameters. The tables include reference stream geometry measurements as
well as ratios of geometry relative to bankfull width, bankfull depth, and bankfull slope. Because
the stream channels at these sites could not be adequately viewed from available aerial
photography, plan views were developed through the use of laser range-finder technology.
Subsequently, channel cross-sections were measured at representative pool and riffle locations
and stream profiles were developed with laser level technology.
Dimension
Bankful dimension variables (mean) calculated for Moseley Creek and Mill Run indicated cross-
sectional area values of 44.0 and 44.2 square feet, width values of 21.0 and 21.9 feet, depth
values of 2.1 and 2.0 feet, and width/depth ratio values of 9.8 and 10.8, respectively. Regional
curves predict bankfull cross-sectional areas for Moseley Creek and Mill Run to be 42.7 and
61.4 square feet, respectively. The discrepancy in cross-sectional area between reference sites
13

may result from channel slopes, amount of debris in channel, land-use within the watershed, ,
and slight regional differences in rainfall, landform, and soil types.
Although the Mill Run channel appears to be smaller than that predicted by regional curves, the '
reference channel exhibits stable banks, no shoot cut-offs, and no transverse bar formation. In
addition, dimensionless ratios measured within the channel appear to be within the model '
concept for stable E-type streams in the Coastal Plain region of the state. Therefore, the
reference channel is expected to be suitable for design channel dimensionless ratio
calculations.
Pattern
Pattern variables (mean) calculated for Moseley Creek and Mill Run indicate sinuosity values of '
1.3 and 1.5, belt width values of 73.0 and 63.6, meander wavelength values of 281.0 and
148.4 feet, and radius of curvature values of 62.0 and 47.9 feet, respectively. Pattern values for
both reference sites appear suitable for E-type streams in the vicinity. On-site relict channels '
and floodplains are expected to convey some of the past channel morphology of the dredged
and straightened stream reaches, and have been incorporated into the design process.
Profile '
Valley slopes (rise/run) for Moseley Creek and Mill Run have been calculated to be 0.0015 and
0.0012. The average water surface slope is 0.0012 and 0.0008 for Moseley Creek and Mill '
Run, respectively. Individual facet slopes for riffles and pools were calculated from both
streams to establish design criteria. For Moseley Creek, the mean riffle slope is 0.0023 (range '
0.0009-0.0050), and mean pool slope is 0.001 (range 0.0003-0.002). For Mill Run, the mean
riffle slope is 0.0025 (range 0.0-0.0089) and mean pool slope is 0.0003 (range 0.0-0.015).
Logs and debris jams were common in Mill Run where drops in water surface elevation of 2 to '
3 inches, resulting from these structures, were common. These structures provide diverse
habitat and natural stability to the stream environment. Moseley Creek, which resides in a '
drainage district, has been cleared of most debris as a result of work carried out after hurricanes
Fran and Floyd.
4.2 Reference Forest Ecosystems '
According to Mitigation Site Type (MiST) guidelines (EPA 1990), Reference Forest Ecosystems
(RFEs) must be established for restoration sites. RFEs are forested areas on which to model '
restoration efforts of the Site in terms of soils, hydrology, and vegetation. RFEs should contain
ecologically stable, climax communities and should represent believed historical (pre-
disturbance) conditions of the restoration site. Quantitative data describing plant community '
composition and structure are collected at the RFE and subsequently applied as reference data
for design of the restoration site planting scheme.
Three RFEs were chosen within the Site region to guide plant community restoration along '
Whitelace Creek: RFE 1 was established to represent a bottomland hardwood plant community
for floodplain portions of the Site, RFE 2 was used to represent a mesic oak-hickory for side ,
slope and upland portions of the Site, and RFE 3 was used to represent a cypress-gum
association for enhancement of the mainstem floodplain downstream of the construction zone.
These RFEs support plant community, landform, and hydrological characteristics that ,
14
EXISTING
SAND TRAIL
ABANDONED WASTE
- -- STORAGE LAGOON
cr-
,?,wELL 15.5 acres
WEL 01
z i
w
EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
I REVISIONS I

Z "A
w
b
r EXISTING
SAND TRAIL q1?
9
PC a?
35.7. acres

WELL NO. EXISTING GROUND
SURFACE ELEVATION
1 39.49
2 40.55
3 38.90
4 35.95
5 35.68
MAP LEGEND I
SITE BOUNDARY
c?JURISDICTIONAL WETLAND
tut u L BOUNDARY (16.4 oc.)
PAVED ROADS
----- EXISTING STREAM
OBSCURED CONTOUR
INDEX CONTOUR
INTERMEDIATE CONTOUR
WELL&1 MONITORING WELL
PLAN VIEW
SCALE: 1"-300'
PRIOR CONVERTED
CROPLAND
- w - - PRIOR CONVERTED CROPLAND (PC)
ADAPTED FROM NRCS PC
DETERMINATION MAPPING
(ACREAGE OF FIELDS) 231.7±
PC AREA (acres)
WITHIN SITE BOUNDARY 9.6+
WITHIN SITE BOUNDARY
EXCLUDING JURISDICTIONAL WETLANDS 7.1+
n WELL 4
WELL 50 PC
- - - ??- -_ ?8.3 acres
EXISTING
SAND TRAIL
PC r f
19.7 acres

Client/
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
- Project:
1
- - PC
13.0 acres
4yi
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Title
JURISDICTIONAL I
WETLANDS
D- By: Dole:
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By: Scale:
CG 1"-300'
ESC Project No.?
02 -111
FIGURE

EXISTING
SAND TRAIL
ABANDONED WASTE
STORAGF IAGOON _
%0
EcoScience
Corporation,
Raleigh, North Carolina
I REVISIONS I

,r
EXISTING
SAND TRAIL -?
r
-- ----------- ----------
PLAN VIEW
SCALE: 1"-300'
PINE PLANTATION
WETLAND MARSH /
SHRUB-SCRUB
AGRICULTURAL /
DISTURBED
EXISTING STREAM CHANNEL
Tofol
ocres
6.6±
16.0±
12.5±
1.9+
37.0±
SITE BOUNDARY
PAVED ROADS
- - - - EXISTING STREAM
OBSCURED CONTOUR
INDEX CONTOUR
INTERMEDIATE CONTOUR
SAND TRAIL
I

ClienD
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Title
EXISTING
ON-SITE PLANT
COMMUNITIES
Own By' Dote'
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By' Scale:
CG 1"-300'
ESC Project No.::
02 -111
FIGURE
10
0.12 CROSS-SECTION 1 (Riffle)
101
c 99
0
97
0
Q)
u' 95
I
2.60 CROSS-SECTION 4 (Riffle)
v
v
0
0
w
280 30U
90 200 220 240 260
Horizontal Distance in Feet
90 110 130 150 170 190 210
Horizontal Distance in Feet
BankfullWidlh: 24.1 ft.
BonkfullMoximum Depth: 2.7 fl.
BonkfullAveroge Depth: 2.0 ft.
Bank full Cross -sectionalArea: 47.7 ft.sq.
Width of Flood Prone Area, 150 fL±
r 1C
01 77- 39 9
31- 9
95 = - 9
Bankfull Width: 21.3 ft.
BonkfullMoximum Depth: 3.0 ft.
Bankfull Average Depth: 1.9 ft.
Bank full Cross- sectional Area: 39.9 ft.sq.
Width of Flood Prone Area: 430 ft.±
240
220
200
m
•
E 180
•
`c 160
O 140
0
> 120
N
100
u 80
c
60
40
20
0 20 40 60 80 100 200 S00 4oU auu ouu
Llneor (Down Volley) Distonce in Feel
101
99
97
95
101
v
C 99
C
97
0
v
L' 95
0.89 CROSS-SECTION 2 (Pool)

101
99
97
95
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Horizontal Distance in Feet
BonkfullWidth: 21.0 fl.
BonkfullMoximum Depth: 3.6 ft.
BonkfullAveroge Depth: 2.3 ft.
Bank full Cross- sectional Area; 47.6 fLsq.
4.55 CROSS-SECTION 5 (Riffle)
101
m
99
0
0 97
w 95
1. AIICross-sections Facing
the Downstream Direction
2. Bonk full represents elevation at
station point along best fit line
drown through bank full elevation
points for stream profile.
3. Cross-section stationing represents
approximate field locations.

0 20 40 60 80
Horizontal Distance in Feet
BankfullWidth: 20.4 ft.
BonkfullMoximum Depth: 3.0 ft.
Bankfull Average Depth: 2.2 ft.
Bonk full Cross - sectionalArea: 45.0 fLsq.
9? X20
2
6
101
99
97
95
100 120
......• BANKFULL
EXISTING GRADE
- FLOOD PRONE AREA
• EXISTING TREES
2.12 CROSS-SECTION 3 (Pool)
101
C 99

C
- 97
0
m
w 95
101
99
97
95
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Horizontal Distonce in Feet
BankfullWidth: 23.2 ft.
Bankfull Maximum Depth: 4.0 fl.
BonkfullAveroge Depth: 2.1 fl.
Bank full Cross - sectional Area: 47.7 fLsq.
7.98 CROSS-SECTION 6 (Pool)
m
m
C
c
00
m
w

'7 +
04 = - 04

02 - 02
t,
---------- " ,
---
00 - - 00

98 98

96 96

94 = 94

0 20 40 60 80 100 12(
Horizontal Distonce in Feet
Bonk full Width: 17.3 ft.
BonkfullMaximum Depth: 5.3 ft.
Bankfull Average Depth; 2.6 ft.
BonkfullCross - sectionalArea: 45.6 ft.sq.
T

R
j
1 , I +

2
o R l
o, ,p 3®8'? • bb
"Z4 1
I

I
'I
I

i

700 800 900 1000
12
j t:
EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
REVISIONS
Client:
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
race:
REFERENCE
STREAM
DIMENSION
AND PLAN VIEW
MILL RUN
JONES COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
D- By: Dote:
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By; Scale
CG AS Shown
ESC Project No.:
02 -111
FIGURE
7??

r

1

1

1

t
1

restoration efforts will attempt to emulate. Circular, 0.1-acre plots were randomly established
within the RFEs, and data collected within each plot included 1) tree and shrub species
composition, 2) number of stems for each tree greater than 4 inches DBH, and 3) diameter at
breast height (DBH) for each tree species measured. Field data (Tables 3-5) indicate relative
density and frequency of canopy tree species composition (Smith 1980).
RFE 1 (Table 3) is located in the Falling Creek floodplain approximately 2 miles north of the
Site. The soil series underlying the RFE is the Johnston series, which is the dominant soil type
occurring within the Site. This portion of the Falling Creek floodplain also lies within the Neuse
River terrace, although the watershed size and floodplain width are much larger than that of
Whitelace Creek. The RFE 1 vegetation community is characterized as being a Coastal Plain
bottomland hardwood forest that has reached climax stand age and has well developed canopy
and understory tree/shrub structure. The stand occurs as a forested corridor along Falling
Creek and at the sample area is approximately 2000 feet in width. The stand does not show a
recent history of logging although hurricane damage is evident in a few areas. According to the
landowner, the bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) component was removed in the past;
however, there are presently no signs that the species occurred at the RFE historically
(e.g. stumps, knees, and young trees). Large cypress specimens can be observed downstream
of RFE 1 near NC 70.
RFE 2 (Table 4) and 3 (Table 5) information was derived from a regional database (maintained
by ESC) for Lenoir County, Bear Creek watershed. These reference sites were chosen as
suitable because of their close proximity to the Site and for similarities to the Site in
physiography, soil characteristics, and hydrologic regime characteristics. Vegetation samples
for RFE 2 are based on a mature oak-hickory stand on moderately well-drained to well-drained
Table 3. Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE 1), Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood Forest
(Canopy Species).

Species Density
(stems/acre)
Relative Density %
Frequency % Relative
Frequency %
Red Maple 53.3 27.6 67 17
American Holly 43.3 22.4 100 17.7
Swamp Tupelo 40 20.7 67 11.8
Sweet Gum 26.7 13.8 100 17.7
Tulip Poplar 6.7 3.5 33 5.9
Water Oak 6.7 3.5 67 11.8
Swamp Chestnut Oak 6.7 3.5 33 5.9
White Oak 3.3 1.7 33 5.9
Sourwood 3.3 1.7 33 5.9
River Birch 3.3 1.7 33 5.9
TOTAL 193.3 100 567 100
15
Table 4. Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE 2), Mesic Oak-Hickory Forest (Canopy Species)
Species Densit
y
(stems/acre)
Relative Density %
Frequency %
Relative
Frequency /o
Flowering Dogwood 100 31.3 100 11.8
Water Oak 70 21.9 100 11.8
Pignut Hickory 20 6.3 50 5.9
White Oak 20 6.3 50 5.9
Mockernut Hickory 20 6.3 100 11.8
Mulberry 10 6.3 50 5.9
Black Oak 10 3.1 50 5.9
American Holly 20 6.3 100 11.8
Hackberry 10 6.3 50 5.9
Cherrybark Oak 10 3.1 100 11.8
Sassafras 10 3.1 100 11.8
TOTAL 300 100 850 100
Table 5. Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE 3), Cypress-Gum Swamp (Canopy Species).
Species Densi
stDensity
Relative Density %
Frequency %
Relative o
Frequency /a
Water Tupelo 200 66.7 100 27.2
Bald Cypress 60 20.0 100 27.2
Overcup Oak 20 6.7 67 18.4
Green Ash 20 6.7 100 27.2
TOTAL 300 100 367 100
soils that supporting plant species characteristic of low-elevation and mid-slope sites.
Vegetation samples for RFE 3 were based on a mature cypress-gum swamp forest in
depressional areas of a riverine floodplain where lateral flow is restricted. Cypress-gum
swamps are hydrologically influenced by upland seeps and drainages, and by occasional
flooding. Flooding in these areas is nearly permanent except in times of drought.
RFE 1: Bottomland Hardwood Forest
The overstory is dominated by red maple [Relative Density = 27.6 percent], American holly (Ilex
opaca) [22.4 percent], swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) [20.7 percent], and sweet gum
[13.8 percent] (Table 3). River birch (Betula nigra), water oak (Quercus nigra), swamp chestnut
oak (Q. bicolor), white oak (Q. albs), and sourwood (Oxydendrum aboreum) are also
represented in lower densities. The shrub/sapling layer is characterized by green ash (Fraxinus
16
1
11

pennsylvanica), dog hobble (Leucothoe racemosa), southern wild raisin (Viburnum nudum),
sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana), red bay (Persea
palustris), horsesugar (Symplocos tinctoria), high bush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum),
Virginia willow (Itea virginica), and occasional overstory species. Herbaceous species include
netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica),
blackberry (Rubus sp.), muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia), greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia), sedges
(Carex spp.), cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans).
RIFE 2: Mesic Oak-Hickory Forest
The overstory vegetation is dominated by flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) [31.3 percent],
water oak [21.9 percent], pignut hickory (Carya glabra) [6.3 percent], white oak [6.3 percent],
and mockernut hickory (Carya albs) [6.3 percent] (Table 4). Other species include American
holly, black oak (Quercus velutina), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), hackberry (Celtis laevigata),
cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda), and mulberry (Morus rubra). The shrub/sapling layer is fairly
dense and characterized by Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), red bay, beauty berry
(Callicarpa americans), blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), sweet pepperbush, and the overstory
species listed above. Common vines and herbaceous species include Japanese honeysuckle,
blackberry, muscadine grape, greenbriar, and poison ivy.
RFE 3: Cypress-Gum Swamp
The canopy is dominated by water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) [66.7 percent] and bald cypress
[20 percent] (Table 5). Other species such as overcup oak (Quercus lyrata) and water ash
(Fraxinus caroliniana), water hickory (Carya aquatica), and swamp cottonwood (Populus
heterophylla) may occur occasionally in high areas and along the fringe where flooding is less
severe. Shrubs and herbaceous species are few. Duckweed (Lemna spp.) may be common in
gaps. Lizard's tail (Saururus cernuus), bog hemp, and sedges are commonly found in shallow
areas and on logs and stumps.
The RFEs exhibit evidence of past silvicultural practices such as selective cutting, high-grading,
and ditch construction resulting in a less diverse, intra-specific tree assemblage. Therefore,
community restoration procedures have been modified to facilitate a reduction in dominance by
disturbance-adapted species such as red maple and sweetgum.
5.0 WETLAND AND STREAM RESTORATION STUDIES
5.1 Surface Water Analysis
Flood elevations were approximated by use of the Hydraulic Engineering Center's River
Analysis System (HEC-RAS) computer model. The purpose of the analysis is to predict flood
extents for the 1-, 2-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year storms under existing conditions.
Subsequently, the model was applied to proposed conditions after valley excavation, stream
restoration activities and proposed planting plans to assess potential for impacts to adjacent
properties or structures from flooding. The existing flood elevations for each storm at the
' representative cross-sections are summarized in Table 6. Figure 13 provides a graphic
depiction for the 1- and 100-year modeled storm events for the Site under existing and post-
restoration conditions. Additional analyses are provided in Appendix C.
1 17
fA
O
L B
O O
IL M
d
?
Cl) (6
CO
6)
Cl) Lo
?-
O N

O
Cl
G
C
N rn
Cl) co
M O
O N
O)
N ao O O O
X co Cl) M
W

O
co
N
6)
0
O M 00 r
O. I- 6i 6i O
O M M co
?t
da
a)
C
a)
3
O'
L
U-
"0
O
O
IL
to
3
O
'L
Rf
L
W
W
+O+
E
W
c
O
co
a?
w
a)
U
7
L
CD
ca
_O
tC
F
o a)
N c N N LO fl-

N 06 6 O O
X M Cl) M ?t
W
.a
N
rn
cq co
Nt
CR
O

I Q - (O 00 6) 61
L O Cl) Cl) M Cl)
L
a
?
W) Im
N c (O N N Cl)
?p Co fl- In d•
An r-: 00 of O
X M Cl) Cl)
V
W
'C
O 00
0
O It LO 6) M
O (6 ao 06 6
O Cl) M M M
T IZL

60
r C O O O m
L[) M N O
Il? 00 6) O
X M M M d
W

Q)
O
M
N
7
O L ti
Q «) fl. I- 00
L O M Cl) M Cl)
ce a
N

N
C
Ln
C
N
Cl)
N
N
r-: 06 6
X co M M Cl)
W

0O
0 CO ? ? ?
L O CO Cl) M M
tea`
m

c C6 n -
:N Cl) 6) Cl) -
N m (6 I-? ao
X M Cl)
M
M
W
0 LO (6 (I7 Lf) V LQ
O " LO N N N Cl) N O

L) co M O
d• LO N r
00 6) ti
N N

_ • C N • ? U) C N • ? to
O
? O _
O O
.
L a . ? a . ? a . ? D-

L < O

W a- X O

W 0- X O

W X
IO
W
18
i
i
i
i
r
i
103
101
99
0
0 97
m
w 95
0-67 CROSS-SECTION 1 (Pool)

T _
-- - .. -

- - r -
103
101
99
97
95
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Horizontal Distance in Feet
BonkfullWidth. 25.8 fl.
Bonkfull Maximum Depth: 3.6 ft.
BonkfullAverage Depth: 1.8 fl.
Bank full Cross- sectional Ar eo: 45.3 ft.sq.
3+52 CROSS-SECTION 3 (Pool)
103
QI
4 101
c 99
0
97
e
w 95
-C CL'ii2]]]]l?' _C ?CCLC ]]j]J ] __ CL ]
-- - ;"I-
__ ?kt 4
-

CCCCi'+Il]?]J7]_" C?LLLC
2]]_I
c V7
-I-=? C.E i2S IC
]J'li_ _-

y
E

_-
0i I EC
?
L
] ]] C CC CC
:::]
CC I1?] ] _ __ CkCCC ] ] C
103
v
UQ 101
99
0
0 97
d
W 95
2+47 CROSS-SECTION 2 (Riffle)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
HorizontolDistonce in Feet
Bankfull Width 19.7 ft.
Bonkfull Maximum Depth: 2.7 ft.
Bonkfull Average Depth: 2.3 fl.
Bankfull Cross-sectionol Areo: 45.1 ft.sq.
103
N
101
C 99
0
0 97
C.1 95
4+72 CROSS-SECTION 4 (Riffle)
L C I1 ?
]
x?rs ,-a-?x rE* _ r?r} I?^r Irr --H-
Liiciix..:n].,

-

c7C: ``}III]j]]]]? CFCCC[ :I]]?]]]C L:CL ] ?] C
0 20 40 60 80
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bankfull Width: 22.0 ft.
Bonkfull Moximum Depth: 2.8 ft.
BankfullAveroge Depth: 2.0 ft.
Bank full Cross -sectionol Area. 43.2 f t.sq.
Width of Flood Prone Area: 400 ft.±
103
101
99
97
95
0 20 40 50 80 100 120
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bankfull Width: 26.2 ft.
Bonkfull Moximum Depth: 4.0 ft.
Bonkfull Average Depth: 2.0 ft.
Bonk full Cross -sectionalArea: 52.8 ft.sq.
w x
N n
a
? o
24C
22C
0 20C
m
c 160
a
0 160
140
r
0
> 120
100
0 8C
w
J 6C
4C
2C

103
101
99
97
95
100 120

J 1 T'

n

r

]

T,

?

,

T
.--
kpl y??

Tl
J

r

l
rTl? I r ll

? __

-
I

? f T -I- -r"rr ll-? ?rl tT't
® ? ?- j 1
` } j I 1
_ C

71? .
1

?,, ,-
,
,. ,--, T 7

- -

f
i
?
I , r
ll I II

i
--
j

-

I
I i ?
I L
r
r i rli t 'n

11

V
C?
t
_ , ; CP - ?

;
_,.
?•
k
I; ^
i
0 20 40 60 80 100
200
Linear (Down Volley) Distance in Feet
40u
auu
aW
NOTES:
1. All Cross-sections Facing
the Downstream Direction
2. Bank full represents elevation of
station point along best fit line
drawn through bank full elevation
points for stream profile.
3. Cross-section stotioning represents
approximate field locations.
103
101
99
97
95
140
EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
REVISIONS
Client:
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project/
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Title
REFERENCE
STREAM
DIMENSION
AND PLAN VIEW
MOSELEY CREEK
Own By Dote;
MAF AN 2004
Ckd Bye Scale:
CG As Shown
ESC Project No.: 02-111
FIGURE
11
140 160 18(
6.02 CROSS-SECTION 5 (Riffle)
103
U_ 101
c 99
0
97
w 95

C
]
LL C

CC
_r

k 1- F
17

-,i-i--r--?-- .

L: m
. _-c

I ]
r
C
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

____: _ T _

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Bonkfull Width: 21.3 ft.
Bankfull Moximum Depth: 3.3 ft.
Bonkfull Average Depth: 2.2 ft.
Bonkfull Cross-sectionolAreo: 46.8 ft.sq.
.......• BANKFULL
EXISTING GRADE
FLOOD PRONE AREA

1

I

t

1
r
i
J7

Ikk

1 i

n? EXISTING
-? ( x SAND TRAIL
?CA
rn
O (
j
?O k
C/)
m, a
MAP LEGEND I
RESTORATION
SITE BOUNDARY
RETURN INTERVAL
---------• 2 YR. EXISTING
1 2 YR. PLAN DESIGN
---- 100 YRS. EXISTING
100 YRS. PLAN DESIGN
J, NEW CHANNEL

PAVED ROADS
---- EXISTING STREAM
OBSCURED CONTOUR
--? -- INDEX CONTOUR
INTERMEDIATE CONTOUR
EXISTING
SAND TRAIL
EcoScience
Corporation
ABANDONED WASTE -
STORAGE LAGOON Raleigh, North Carolina
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - --
REVISIONS
I?? / * d'r II 5 •-fir •t,Y........ 35
Client:
o'',;;'.', NORTH
?/? CAROLINA
X !r!';t;m; WETLAND
(A? RESTORATION
17
PROGRAM
on °n
(rJ - w
O t00 W J Iry i
Z Z Z Project:
WHITELACE
''- CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
PLAN VIEW NORTH CAROLINA
SCALE: 1"-300'
Title
FLOOD
FREQUENCY
AND WATER
SURFACE
ELEVATIONS
Dwn By: Oote:
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By: Scde:
CG 1"-300'
ESC Project No.:
02-111
FIGURE 11
13
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
CROSS-SECTION 1
(Sta. 14+46)
60 120 180 240
Horizontal Distance in Feet
44
42
v
v
l_
C: 40
38
0
N
w 36
34
------- _-" _. -.-- - - ----- - -----
--- --- - -- -. - - -
- - - - - --
;- ---- -- _ - -
- -- ?_, WELL 2 - -
---- - ---- - -
---
-- -- ---- ?-- - ._ _.-
--WE-LL-1 -
------------- ------------- ------ ------- ------ -------- - ---------

- , 39,24
--
-------
--- --
---- ----- - .- ------

.. '.-.. _-- -.. ._
------------
r--
--
---------------- -------------
_ 1.1

? .49 x37.52 - -
37
36 Ao 36,7-7 ----

i
- - -----
i
-T
--

- _--L _- ...- _
t---- ---
-------------
_
------
- - ------- r - - ! - ----

-
-. - -
300
CROSS-SECTION 3
(Sta. 29.06)
42
38
C
a 36
>
- 40
w 34
32
40
38
C
0 36
0
> 34
w
0 60 120 180 240
Horizontal Distance in Feet
CROSS-SECTION 5
(Sto. 39+79)
-- ----- =----- Y ------ ----- ------ ---------- -----------------------
------ ------'
-----
-----
------------
------

----- ------ '
------ W F

-

I
-------------
_ _ r----- ?
-----7 -------
- ?------- ? 31.94
i
------
------ ------------ ------
---^ -----
-t------ ------, --- ---- - - ------- ----- ----- -- ----- -- -- -
_:fl ----- -

-----1 -
-_-r--
-ter-
------ -
-_,- __I
---- ----
-T_-
C
------------ ------ --------------
------ ----- ------
r
-
--------
-_ ------ ------

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
----
-----------
----- ------ F ;- - - - -
--

F
----
44
42
40
38
36
34
300
42
40
38
36
34
32
32
0 60 120 180 240
Horizontal Distance in Feet
40
38
36
34
32
300
LEGEND
EXISTING GRADE
......••• PROPOSED BANKFULL
PROPOSED GRADE
MAX. GROUNDWATER
-?- ELEVATION
MEAN GROUNDWATER
ELEVATION
MIN. GROUNDWATER
ELEVATION
EXISTING WETLAND
ELEVATION
PROPOSED WETLAND
ELEVATION

WELL NO. EXISTING GROUND
SURFACE ELEVATION
1 39.49 ft.
2 40.55 ft.
3 38.90 ft.
4 35.95 ft.
5 35.58 ft.
NOTE:
FOR CROSS-SECTION LOCATIONS, SEE FIGURE 12.
FOR WELL LOCATIONS, SEE FIGURE 8.
EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
REVISIONS
Client
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Title
EXISTING
GROUND
WATER
HYDROLOGY
Own By: Dote;
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By: Scale:
CG AS SHOWN
ESC Project No.:
02-111
FIGURE
14
1
Existing Conditions
In summary, the model suggests that flooding from the 1- and 2-year storm events within the
upper and middle reaches of the Site are confined within the existing channel. Within lower
reaches of the Site flooding from the 1-year storm does overtop the banks. Larger storm events
(10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year) will overtop the existing banks and flow onto the adjacent
floodplain (Figure 13). Water surface elevations for the 100-year event were calculated to be at
approximately 40.52 feet and 37.43 feet for upper- and lower-most portions of the Site,
respectively. No structures or state-maintained roadways occur within the floodplain; therefore,
flooding impacts are expected to be minimal, but may include potential field inundation and
potential crop loss. The current bridge crossing on Kennedy Dairy Road (near the center of the
Site) is expected to be inundated between the 25- and 50-year storm events.
Input parameters for the model were obtained from recent aerial photographs, site visits and
technical reference manuals. Stream geometry was obtained from field-surveyed cross-
sections.
Proiected, Post-Restoration Conditions
On-site channel restoration is expected to 1) increase channel and floodplain roughness
through vegetative planting, 2) increase cross-sectional area of the channel, 3) raise the
channel bed, 4) lower the width/depth ratio, 5) increase channel efficiency, and 6) increase
channel sinuosity. In summary, the model suggests that flooding from 1-year storm events will
overtop the banks within most of the constructed stream channel. The model indicates that
floodwaters under designed (historic) conditions will regularly inundate (< 1-year storm)
adjacent floodplain areas. This is consistent with flood frequency data collected for other
Coastal Plain streams (see Section 5.4) that indicate floods occurring multiple times a year. In
addition, the HEC-RAS model indicates that elevation of water surfaces will not increase
upstream as a consequence of stream restoration activities. Therefore, hydrologic trespass to
upstream landowners is not a concern.
Increases in floodplain roughness (through vegetation planting) and decreases in channel slope
will result in a slight to moderate increase in-water surface elevations in the middle portion of the
Site, while a slight decrease in the water surface elevation at the 100-year storm is expected at
the upstream and downstream portions of the Site. Based on the HEC-RAS model, water
surface elevations for the 100-year event were calculated to be at approximately 40.52 feet and
37.43 feet for upper- and lower-most portions of the Site, respectively (Figure 13). Therefore, a
decrease in water-surface elevation of approximately 0.96 feet is expected at the lower reach.
Increased water surface elevations are not expected to impact any structures or maintained
roads. Relatively steep valley walls and a wider conservation easement downstream will limit
impacts of increased flooding to adjacent areas; however, agricultural fields immediately
adjacent to the Site will likely experience increased flooding. The increased flooding on
adjacent agricultural fields may be limited with the addition of fill material from excavation
activities within these low lying areas.
Due to the proximity of Whitelace Creek to the Neuse River, flooding impacts from the Neuse
quickly overwhelm any flooding impacts from Whitelace Creek itself. According to the
preliminary Flood Insurance Study for Lenoir County (July 10, 2003), the 100-year flood surface
elevation for the Neuse River in this vicinity is 44 feet.
1 19
5.2 Groundwater Modeling
Groundwater modeling for wetland restoration applications is typically performed using
DRAINMOD. However, modeling efforts based on DRAINMOD were not successful for the
current application because the model could not accurately define wetland hydrology in
Johnston soils under reference (or historic) conditions. Johnston soils are Class "A" hydric soils
that are typically found in floodplains adjacent to streams and have a seasonal high water table
near the surface. Under reference conditions, the model recognizes a natural stream channel
through Johnston soils as a drainage ditch. Due to the high conductivity of free-draining sands
near the surface, the model showed that a naturally sized stream would effectively drain most of
the floodplain. Therefore, reference and on-site groundwater analyses have been used as the
primary data sources for development of the wetland restoration plan.
Reference wetlands are located in similar landscape positions supporting similar soil types.
Three ground hydrology wells were installed within the reference wetlands. The reference
wetlands will be utilized to supplement the monitoring plan as a comparison between relatively
undisturbed wetlands and created and restored on-site wetlands. Hydrographs for on-site and
reference groundwater gauges are provided in Appendix D.
Five groundwater gauges were installed on-site (locations depicted in Figure 9) and sampled
between August 15, 2002 and June 20, 2003. Gauge elevations and valley cross-sections were
surveyed to track existing groundwater elevations through the Site. Figure 14 depicts the on-
site cross-sections, gauge locations, and variation in groundwater elevations relative to existing
and proposed ground elevations. Table 7 provides maximum, minimum, and mean water table
depths during the sampling period for reference and on-site gauges.
In general, groundwater was encountered as part of a shallow, unconfined, surficial aquifer from
slightly above the ground surface to a depth of greater than 6 feet. The aquifer beneath the Site
consists of free-draining sands, as is typical in the region. This unconfined aquifer is locally
recharged from infiltration of precipitation runoff from interstream flats. A low percentage of
precipitation runoff (typically less than 10 percent) is discharged as surface run-off. Under
natural conditions, groundwater flows toward Whitelace Creek are under very low hydraulic
gradients. Therefore, flow velocities within the surficial sands would be expected to be very low.
As a consequence, water levels would be expected to remain near the surface, thus promoting
the formation of organics layers near the surface.
However, the hydraulic gradient can be increased substantially when the sandy aquifer is
bisected and base levels are lowered. Such is the case when dredging of streams and ditching
of adjacent areas occurs. Measured groundwater elevations, as depicted in Figure 14,
demonstrate this effect. Cross-sections 1 and 3 are located in the upper and middle reaches of
the Site, respectively, where the dredged channel remains deepest and where flow velocities
are potentially greatest. Mean groundwater elevations at cross-section A were measured at
approximately 3.5 feet below the existing surface and are indicative of the effects of the dredged
channel on groundwater.
In contrast to cross-section 3, local beaver activity below cross-section 1 has stabilized
(ponded) water elevations within the channel at a higher stage. As a consequence,
groundwater elevations remain high because of the lower hydraulic gradient. A partial breach in
20
1
I Table 7. Existing Groundwater Hydrology Based On On-Site and Reference Well Monitoring
Groups In 2002. Negative Sign Denotes Distance Below Ground Surface. On-Site Well
Locations Are Depicted In Figure 9.
Distance of Measured Distance of Measured
Groundwater Above Groundwater Groundwater Above Groundwater
or Below Ground Elevation or Below Ground Elevation
Surface (feet) (feet) Surface (feet) , (feet) Date
Well #1 Well #2
MAXIMUM -0.38 39.14 -1.32 39.24 6-1-03
MINIMUM -2.67 36.82 -3.78 36.77 11-5-02
MEAN -2.00 37.49 -3.03 37.52
Well # 3
MAXIMUM -0.96 37.94 5-1-03
MINIMUM -4.08 34.82 8-17-02
MEAN -2.83 36.07
Well #4 Well #5
MAXIMUM 0.92 36.87 1.37 37.05 5-11-02, 9-1-02
MINIMUM -2.11 33.84 -2.06 33.62 8-17-02
MEAN -0.63 35.32 -0.27 35.41
Reference Well #1 Reference Well #2
MAXIMUM 2.46 n/a 2.62 n/a 7-3-03
MINIMUM -2.39 n/a -2.07 n/a 10-15-02
MEAN -0.83 n/a -0.74 n/a
Reference Well #3
MAXIMUM 1.79 n/a 7-4-03
MINIMUM -3.27 n/a 10-10-02
MEAN -0.73 n/a
the beaverdam occurred on October 5, 2002, as reflected by the quick drop in elevation (see
L hydrographs for Well 1 and Well 2, Appendix D), and groundwater levels quickly dropped to
more than 2.5 feet below the surface. This immediate response of ground water levels would
indicate a very high rate of conductivity within the floodplain area. In general, the areas
adjacent to the current channel, as represented by these cross-sections, remained effectively
drained through the monitoring period.
Cross-section 5 is located in the lower reach of the site where flow velocities are less and the
channel bed elevation is closer to historic levels (i.e. bankfull is close to the historic floodplain
elevation). Mean groundwater elevations along this reach (Wells 4 and 5) remained near
1.0 foot below the surface. In a record setting drought year (2002), the mean groundwater
elevation is compelling evidence that the historic floodplain was and currently remains a
jurisdictional wetland.
1 21
In summary, dredging of Whitelace Creek and the concurrent degradation of adjacent tributaries
and field ditches have significantly lowered the groundwater table and steepened the
groundwater discharge gradient throughout the Site. Excavation of a floodplain and a less
incised channel will generate a flatter groundwater gradient, increase surficial expression of
groundwater, and extend wetland conditions into the primary floodplain areas within the Site.
The hydrological groundwater analysis has indicated that inputs from primary groundwater
seepage and surficial water inputs will provide abundant water to saturate the newly constructed
floodplain in support of wetland vegetation.
5.3 Stream Power, Shear Stress, and Stability Threshold
5.3.1 Stream Power
Stability of a stream refers to its ability to adjust itself to in-flowing water and sediment load.
One form of instability occurs when a stream is unable to transport its sediment load, leading to
the condition referred to as aggradation. Conversely, when the ability of the stream to transport
sediment exceeds the availability of sediments within the incoming flow and the stability
thresholds for the materials forming the channel boundary are exceeded, erosion or degradation
occurs.
Stream power is the measure of a stream's capacity to move sediment over time. Stream
power can be used to evaluate the longitudinal profile, channel pattern, bed form, and sediment
transport of streams. Stream power may be measured over a stream reach (total stream
power) or per unit of channel bed area. The general form of the total stream power equation is
defined as:
Q = pgQs
where Q = total stream power (lb-ft/second-ft), p = density of water, g = gravitational
acceleration, Q = discharge (ft/sec), and s = energy slope (ft/ft). The specific weight of water
(y = 62.4 Ib/ft3) is equal to the product of water density and gravitational acceleration, pg: A
general evaluation of power for a particular reach can be calculated using bankfull discharge
and water surface slope for the reach. As slopes become steeper and/or velocities increase,
stream power increases and more energy is available for re-working channel materials. In
alluvial channels with mobile boundaries stream power is used in part for transporting sediment.
Straightening and clearing channels, a prevalent practice in the Coastal Plain, increases slope
and velocities and thus stream power. This process increases the amount of power available
for erosion and sediment transport. Alterations to the stream channel may conversely decrease
stream power in a channel. In particular, the over widening of a channel will dissipate energy of
flow over a larger area. This process will decrease stream power and allow sediment to fall out
sooner, possibly leading to aggradation of the streambed. Alteration of streams such as
dredging and periodic maintenance will alter stream power in various ways and may
consequently initiate changes in sediment transport and channel shape.
The relationship between a channel and its floodplain is also important in determining stream
power. Streams that remain within their banks at high flows tend to have higher stream power
and relatively coarser bed materials. In comparison, streams that flood over their banks onto
22

I Table 8. Stream Power (Q) and Shear Stress (ti) Values.

t

Discharge
(ftz/s)
Mannin •s n. Water
surface
Slope
(ft/ft) Total
Stream
Power
(Q)

/W

Hydraulic
Radius

Shear
Stress

elocit

V

timax
Whitelace (existing)
Reach B 23.4 0.0008 1.17 0.029 1.18 0.059 0.49 0.024 0.141
Reach A 24.3 0.0008 1.21 0.060 1.16 0.058 0.50 0.024 0.137
Reach D 11.5 0.0013 0.93 0.016 0.85 0.069 0.22 0.023 0.197
Reach C 14.1 0.0013 1.11 0.023 1.00 0.081 0.27 0.032 0.216
Reference Stream
Mill Run 35.2 0.0008 1.76 0.080 1.69 0.085 0.80 0.068 0.152
Moseley
Creek (winter)
45.9
0.0012
3.44
0.163
1.75
0.131
1.04
0.136
0.202
Moseley
Creek
(summer)

25.5

0.0012

1.91

0.091

1.75

0.131

0.58

0.076

0.202
Proposed Conditions (immediately after construction)
Reach B 58.3 0.0008 2.91 0.132 1.82 0.091 1.22 0.111 0.152
Reach A 60.4 0.0008 3.02 0.137 1.86 0.093 1.23 0.114 0.155
Reach D 64.7 0.0013 5.25 0.228 1.86 0.129 1.24 0.206 0.212
Reach C 66.8 0.0013 3.33 0.236 1.92 0.132 1.26 0.212 0.216
Mean values 62.6 0.0011 3.63 0.183 1.87 0.111 1.23 0.161 0.184
Proposed Conditions (5 years after construction)
Reach B 33.9 0.0008 1.69 0.077 1.82 0.091 0.71 0.064 0.152
Reach A 35.1 0.0008 1.75 0.080 1.86 0.093 0.72 0.067 0.155
Reach D 37.6 0.0013 3.05 0.133 1.86 0.129 0.72 0.119 0.212
Reach C 38.8 0.0013 3.15 0.137 1.92 0.132 0.73 0.126 0.216
Mean values 36.4 0.0011 2.41 0.106 1.87 0.111 0.72 0.094 0.184
are heavily dependent on a lower energy slope value. Stream power per unit area and
' maximum shear stress values were very similar among both streams, particularly when
weighted among values of streams within various ecoregions around the state.
Results of the analysis indicate that on-site existing condition velocities and discharges are
slightly lower than those found within the reference and proposed stream channels. This is
particularly evident in the upper most reaches of the Site, where water surface slopes are very
low. The corresponding stream power and shear stress calculations within the upper reach are
low as well (see Table 8).
Despite the fact that stream power and shear stress are low, the existing channel will likely
continue to experience low to moderate bank erosion until an adequate cross-section area,
beltwidth, and floodplain width have developed. The evolutionary process at work within the
existing channel is discussed in Section 3.3.1.
1 25
Analysis was performed for both the proposed conditions immediately after stream construction
and for conditions 5-years after construction. Significant differences in parameters are expected
over the early development stages of the stream. Increasing channel and floodplain roughness
due to vegetative growth is expected to have a significant impact on velocity, stream discharge,
and corresponding stream power and per unit shear stress values. In general, the mean values
for shear stress, stream power, per unit area calculations, and maximum shear stress under the
5-year condition compare favorably with reference values (Table 8).
Based on the analysis of stream power and shear stress, the designed channel is expected to
effectively transport sediment similar to that of the reference streams. Similarly, the tractive
forces (maximum shear stress) expected on the outer bends of the constructed channel are in
agreement with those values indicated from stable reference sites.
5.4 Discharge Analysis
Bankfull discharge represents the most important variable for predicting the appropriate size of
a restored channel. Therefore, several methods have been used to estimate bankfull discharge
under proposed conditions, including regional hydraulic geometry curves, Mannings's "n"
equation, and stream flow data from a reference stream (Moseley Creek).
Discharge Based on Regional Curves
Site discharge estimates utilize an assumed definition of "bankfull" and the return interval
associated with the bankfull discharge. For this study, the bankfull channel is defined as
channel dimensions designed to support the "channel forming" or "dominant" discharge (Gordon
et al. 1992). Research using the Log-Pearson Type II distribution methodology indicates that a
stable stream channel may support a return interval for bankfull discharge, or channel-forming
discharge, of between 1 to 2 years (Gordon et. al. 1992, Dunne and Leopold 1978). In addition,
the methods of Rosgen (1996) indicate calibration of bankfull dimensions based on a potential
bankfull return interval of between 1.0 and 1.5 years for rural conditions.
Based on available regional curves for the North Carolina Coastal Plain region (Sweet and
Geratz, 2003), Site bankfull discharge is approximately 47.9 cubic feet per second (cfs) for the
upper reach and approximately 51.7 cubic feet per second (cfs) at the Site outfall (10.1 square
mile watershed). In-field bankfull indicators are not clearly defined and, therefore, have not
been applied to supplement predicted Site bankfull discharge. Estimated recurrence interval of
Coastal Plain bankfull events using the Log-Pearson Type III distribution is estimated to be
below 1.0 years, while estimations based on the Partial-Duration Series method average a 0.19-
year period bankfull recurrence interval, (range = 0.11-0.31) (Sweet and Geratz, 2003).
Discharge Based on Mannina's "n"
Bankfull discharge was also calculated for the proposed on-site stream reach using the
Manning's "n" equation (see section 5.3.3). Stream roughness coefficients (Manning's `n') were
determined using Jarrett's weighted method (1985) for Cowan's (1956) roughness-component
26
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
i
1
PLAN VIEW
FLOW DIRECTION
BURIED LOG
SCOUR LJ
POOL '
CROSS SECTION
FLOODPLAIN
VEGETATION
TRANSPLANTS
OR LIVE STAKING
VEGETATION
TRANSPLANTS
OR LIVE STAKING
PILING OR ROOTWAD
TERRACE
BANK (VANE) LOG STRUCTURE Dwn. by: JWG FIGURE
ECoSCIence
I
WHITELACE CREEK STREAM AND WETLAND Ckdby: JWG
Corporation
NS RESTORATION SITE Date: JAN 2004 18
Raleigh, North Carolina LENOIR COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA "eot:
02-111
PILING AND REBAR

t

t

t
t

1

6.2.2 Soil Scarification
Microtopography and differential drainage rates within localized floodplain areas represent
important components of floodplain functions. Reference forests in the region exhibit complex
surface microtopography. Small concavities, swales, exposed root systems, seasonal pools,
oxbows, and hummocks associated with vegetative growth and hydrological patterns are
scattered throughout the system. As discussed in the stream reconstruction section (6.1),
efforts to advance the development of characteristic surface microtopography shall be
implemented.
In areas where soil surfaces have been compacted, ripping or scarification shall be performed.
Mixing of vegetation debris in surface soils and construction of tip mounds shall also promgte
complexity across the landscape. After construction, the soil surface should exhibit complex
microtopography across floodplain surface with up to one foot vertical asymmetry.
Subsequently, community restoration will be initiated on complex floodplain surfaces. Exposed
.surfaces will support complex microtopography, including hummocks and troughs, to maximize
water-storage potential.
6.2.3 Abandoned Waste Lagoon Restoration
The abandoned waste lagoons located in the north-central portion of the Site shall be physically
and biochemical reconnection to the Whitelace Creek floodplain. The containment berm facing
the floodplain shall be removed and soils restored to the floodplain level according to the
methodology outlined above. The elevation within the abandoned waste lagoons shall not be
altered and great care shall be exercised not to disturb the lagoon areas with machinery. After
restoration is complete, the abandoned lagoons will function as floodplain pools and backwater
sloughs, thereby expanding wildlife habitat opportunities and important physical and biological
wetland functions.
The abandoned waste lagoon has been inspected by the North Carolina Division of Soil and
Water Conservation (DSWC) and is undergoing review procedures to have the lagoon removed
from the Division of Water Quality database for active waste lagoons. The lagoon closure
procedure requires a water sample test (less than 40 parts per million of nitrate) and a field
inspection verifying an insignificant sludge layer in the bottom of the lagoon. Initial water
sampling and field verification were performed on August 5, 2003 by ESC personnel and Carl
Dunn, Design Engineer from the DSWC. Samples were sent to the North Carolina Division of
Agriculture Agronomic Division Testing Lab for analysis. Results of the waste analysis are
provided in Appendix F. Results indicate that the liquid from both cells of the lagoon have less
than 40 parts per million of nitrate. However, a floating sludge mat was observed and will
require removal prior to restoration work. DSWC will provide recommendations and procedures
for proper timing, removal, and distribution of sludge material. The sludge material may be
distributed over adjacent fields or within the adjacent silviculture operations depending on crop
rotations and the participation of the landowner.
6.3 Plant Community Restoration
Restoration of floodplain forest and streamside habitat allows for development and expansion of
characteristic species across the landscape. Ecotonal changes between community types
contribute to diversity and provide secondary benefits, such as enhanced feeding and nesting
opportunities for mammals, birds, amphibians, and other wildlife. RFE data, on-site
31
observations, and community descriptions from Classification of the Natural Communities of
North Carolina (Schafale and Weakley 1990) were used to develop the primary plant community
associations that will be promoted during community restoration activities. These community
associations include 1) stream-side assemblage, 2) Coastal Plain bottomland hardwood forest,
3) mesic mixed hardwood forest, 4) streamhead Atlantic white cedar forest, and 5) cypress-gum
swamp (Figure 19). Figure 20 identifies the location, based on elevation and position relative to
the restored stream, of each target community to be planted. Planting elements within each
map unit are listed below.
Bottomland Hardwood Forest
1. Swamp Tupelo (Nyssa biflora)
2. Cherrybark Oak (Quercus pagoda)
3. Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia)
4. Overcup Oak (Quercus lyrata)
5. Willow Oak (Quercus phellos)
6. Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercusmichauxii).
7. Water Oak (Quercus nigra)
8. Water Hickory (Carya aquatics)
9. Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
10. American Elm (Ulmus americana)
11. Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
12. Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
13. Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea)
14. Atlantic White Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
Streamside Assemblage
1. Black Willow (Salix nigra)
2. River Birch (Betula nigra)
3. American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
4. Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
5. Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
6. Possum-Haw (Ilex decidua)
7. American Elm (Ulmus americana)
8. Willow Oak (Quercus phellos)
9. Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
10. Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea)
Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest
1. Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
2. White Oak (Quercus alba)
3. Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata)
4. American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
5. Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
6. Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
7. Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa)
8. Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica)
9. Cherrybark Oak (Quercus pagoda)
10. Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
Streamhead Atlantic White Cedar Forest
1. Atlantic White Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
2. Tulip Poplar (Liriodndron tulipifera)
3. Swamp Tupelo (Nyssa biflora)
4. Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)
Cypress-Gum Swamp
1. Swamp Tupelo (Nyssa biflora)
2. Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
3. Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia)
4. Overcup Oak (Quercus lyrata)
5. Water Hickory (Carya aquatica)
6. Swamp Cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
7. Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
8. Carolina Ash (F. caroliniana)
32

CROSS-SECTION 1
(Sta. 14.46)
44
42
c 40
0 38
36
v 34
w 32

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-
-- - FILt-.-= _ _ - -
-
--
----------------- -------
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
60 120 180 240 300
Horizontal Distance in Feet
CROSS-SECTION 2
(Sta. 24.65)
42
u- 40
38
0 36
°, 34
w 32

--- =? -
1 _ ?
_ -*-

-- --,- ----- ,
- L _
-T-,-- -;
42
40
38
36
34
32
0 60 120 180 240 300
Horizontal Distance in Feet
CROSS-SECTION 3
(Sto.29.06)
w 42
40
38
C 36
i 34
w 32

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

L
-- ------------

-

42
40
38
36
34
32
0 60 120 180 240 300
Horizontal Distance in Feet
NOTE:
All Cross-sections
Facing the Downstream Direction
Z 42
Q) 40
38
4 36
° 34
R 32
CROSS-SECTION 4
(Sta. 33.16)
42
40
38
36
34
32
120 180 240 300 360 420
Horizontal Distance in Feet
42
40
`- 38
4 36
i 34
w 32
CROSS-SECTION 5
(Sto. 39.79)
CROSS-SECTION 6
(Sta. 43.01)
42
40
`- 38
0 36
° 34
w 32
CUB -- -
-_: FILL r-
-
-------------- ------------
EcoScience
42
40 Corporation
38 Raleigh, Notch Carolina
36
34 REVISIONS
32
0 60 120 180 240 300
Horizontal Distance in Feet
CROSS-SECTION 7
(Sta. 47.15)
42
40
`- 38
4 36
_ .? _
`
-
-T--- ,---
-

-
-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-

- r
FV -FARM
=-m- t C_
-- ---------------

----------

42
40
38
36
34
32
0 60 120 180 240 300
Horizontal Distonce in Feet
--------• EXISTING GRADE
......•.. PROPOSED BANKFULL
PROPOSED GRADE
--- ELEVATION OF
FLOOD PRONE AREA
1500
lu
1000
C
U
C
O
N
0
500
0
1
N
N
0
Q
0 0
41
c
J
500
° 34
w 32
------------- -----------
- ---------------
-.-I

--------------
-
`-
-- --- -- ---------
-- --- --- ----- ---------
J
^
. , - , --
42
40 Client
38 NORTH
36
34 CAROLINA
32 WETLAND
RESTORATION
0 60 120 180 240 300 PROGRAM
Horizontal Distance in Feet
Project
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
?i

---------- -----
---- --

I

- -r- ---i --
I
-r -
tP
-,- - -- m ?- -r-- ---

r I--- U1
- -- -
m
'
-
I
z

- T_
?? -7
-- -r
-? r
-
C

i

I
I
-

r

i
X Y {
..
m
..i.--

i
I T
Z ?? n
r

WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Title:
PROPOSED
CROSS-SECTIONS
Dwn By: Date:
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By Scale:
CG AS SHOWN
ESC Project No.: 02-111
FIGURE
500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 16
Linear (Down Volley) Distance in Feet 1?
1
activities. Based on preliminary estimates, it appears that approximately 20,000 cubic yards of
material may be moved to achieve design parameters. Excavated material is expected to be
distributed on adjacent fields for leveling and filling of low lying areas.
6.1.2 Channel Reconstruction
' The stream channel will be reconstructed within the confines of the newly excavated floodplain
using the existing channel form where feasible. The new channel design attempts to further
stream evolutionary processes already occurring at the Site. Primary activities designed to
restore the channel on new location include 1) channel layout and preparation, 2) water
diversion and pumping, 3) channel excavation, and 4) channel stabilization. Based on proposed
parameters, approximately 3731 linear feet of E-type stream channel will be restored. After
preparation of the floodplain corridor, the design channel layout and updated profile survey shall
be developed and the location of each radius shall be staked. Pool location and relative
frequency will be staked according to parameters outlined in Tables 1 and 2 and shown in
Figure 15. These configurations may be modified in the field based on local variations in the
floodplain profile. The channel will be constructed within the range of calculated values,
increasing slightly in the down-valley direction. Upon excavation, the cross-sectional area will
measure approximately 48 to 52 square feet, with a bankfull width ranging between 22 and
23 feet, and an average bankfull depth ranging between 2.2 and 2.3 feet.
The stream banks and local belt width area of constructed channels will be immediately planted
with shrub and herbaceous vegetation (see 6.3 Plant Community Restoration). Shrubs and
small trees (i.e. black willow) may be removed from the banks of the existing channel or
stockpiled during clearing and replaced into the stream construction area. Deposition of shrub
and woody debris into and/or overhanging the constructed channel is encouraged. Root mats
may also be selectively removed from adjacent areas and placed as erosion control features on
banks of the constructed channel.
' Particular attention will be directed toward providing vegetative cover and root growth along the
outer bends of each stream meander. Live willow stake revetments will be installed as
conceptually depicted in Figure 17. Available root mats or biodegradable, erosion control
' matting may be embedded within the break-in-slope to promote rapid development of an
overhanging bank. Live staking material will- be purchased and/or collected on-site and inserted
through the root/erosion mat into the underlying soil.
6.1.3 Log Vane Structures
Log vanes shall be installed in the channel as conceptually depicted in Figure 18. The purpose
' of the vane is to 1) direct high velocity flows during bankfull events toward the center of the
channel, 2) increase the average pool depth throughout the reach, 3) increase in-stream habitat;
and 4) modify energy distributions by increasing channel roughness and local energy slopes
during peak flow.
The log vane shall be constructed of large, woody materials found locally. An unobtrusive, low
' impact structure has been proposed for this project due to sandy stream sediments and bank
material, which may be subject to lateral scour and migration around the structure. Log vane
installation is expected to use simple construction techniques with minimal disturbance to the
29
adjacent banks and channel bed surfaces. The exposed vane shall extend across
approximately two-thirds of the channel width, starting from approximately 50 to 75 percent of
the bankfull elevation at the bank and tying into the channel bed surface. The log vanes shall
be located at the bottom of riffles and extend in the upstream direction at an approximately 20-
25-degree angle. The vanes shall be secured between wood pilings that are located at each
end of the vane. Approximately 20 to 25 of these structures are proposed to be installed within
the stream channel.
6.1.4 Stream Crossing and Causeway
The unpaved road (Kennedy Dairy Road) crossing over the reconstructed stream will be
modified to provide for floodplain restoration adjacent to the constructed channel. The suitability
of the existing bridge shall be evaluated prior to the submittal of detailed drawings. An earthen
causeway shall be required to cross the newly excavated floodplain. The causeway shall be
constructed to allow passable travel during small storm events (<10 years) and withstand
erosive forces and overtopping during larger storm events. Floodplain culverts shall be placed
within the causeway along the outer edge of the floodplain to reduce erosive forces, increasing
the function of the new floodplain, and redirecting flow and energy away from the primary
bankfull channel. The floodplain culverts will be sized to accommodate flows above 40 cfs
(approximate 0.3-year bankfull return interval) up `to the 10-year return interval. Design
specifications for the stream crossing and causeway will be developed following further
discussions with the landowners and during the detailed drawing phase.
6.2 Groundwater and Soil Restoration
Restoration of groundwater wetland hydrology and wetland soil attributes involves 1) excavation
and grading of floodplain (see Section 6.1.1), 2) backfilling of the retired stream reaches, and
3) scarification of floodplain soils prior to planting. In addition, the construction of (or provisions
for) surface water storage depressions (i.e. floodplain pools and sloughs) also represents an
important component of groundwater restoration activities.
6.2.1 Topsoil Excavation and Stockpiling
Topsoil from the excavated floodplain and from the impacted wetland area shall be excavated
and stockpiled, then redistributed over excavated areas that lack sufficient topsoils depth (see
6.1.1 Valley and Floodplain Excavation). Topsoil will provide a seed source and substrate for
wetland vegetation establishment. Sufficient amounts of this material will be stockpiled in areas
adjacent to identified areas.
Because restoration success will depend on the creation of a productive wetland forest
community, it is critical that topsoil depths be adequate to support characteristic plant growth.
Since local soils have a relatively shallow layer of topsoil, it is expected that excavation of
2.0 feet may expose pure layers of sand. In the event this occurs, the floodplain will be
undercut and replaced with a nominal 1-foot layer of topsoil. The topsoil will help both in the
reduction of the rate of groundwater flow through surficial soil layers, which is critical to
restoration of hydrology, and will increase the depth of substrate required for a mature wetland
community.
30
r
t

t

11
NOTES;
1. WILLOW STAKE PLANTING WILL BE
DIRECTED PRIMARILY ALONG OUTER
BENDS OF POOLS. HOWEVER, STAKING
WILL ALSO OCCUR W/IN THE FLOODPLAIN
AND UPLAND SLOPES.
2. THE CUTTINGS SHOULD NOT BE PLACED
IN ROWS OR AT REGULAR INTERVALS,
BUT AT RANDOM IN SUITABLE PLACES AT
A RATE OF 2-5 CUTTINGS/SQ. YD. ALONG
OUTER BENDS.
3. LIVE STAKES SHOULD PROTRUDE ONLY TO
A MAXIMUM OF ONE-QUARTER OF ITS LENGTH
ABOVE GROUND.
4. PLANT CUTTINGS AT VARIOUS ANGLES TO
THE SLOPE SURFACE.
LIVE WILLOW STAKE
PLANTING DETAIL
EROSION
CONTROL
MATTING -
3' STAKE
10..MIN; =. LENGTH,
0.5-0.75"0
SCALE: NTS
EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
RESTORATION
PROGRAM
LIVE WILLOW STAKE REVETMENT
Whitelace Creek Stream and Wetland $e
Restoration Site
Lenoir County, North Carolina
MAF CG FIGURE
JAN 2004
NO SCALE
Project No.:
02-111
17
1
adjacent floodplains have lower stream power, transport finer sediments, and are more stable.
Stream power assessments can be useful in evaluating sediment discharge within a stream and
the deposition or erosion of sediments from the streambed.
5.3.2 Shear Stress
1 Shear stress, expressed as force per unit area, is a measure of the frictional force that flowing
water exerts on a streambed. Shear stress and sediment entrainment are affected by sediment
supply (size and amount), energy distribution within the channel, and frictional resistance of the
streambed and bank on water within the channel. These variables ultimately determine the
ability of a stream to efficiently transport bedload and suspended sediment.
For a flow that is steady and uniform, an average boundary shear stress exerted by water on
the bed is defined as follows:
= yRs
1 where = shear stress (lb/I ), y = specific weight of water, R = hydraulic radius (ft), and s = the
energy slope. Shear stress calculated in this way is a spatial average and does not necessarily
provide a good estimate of bed shear at any particular point. Adjustments to account for local
variability and instantaneous values higher than the mean value can be applied based on
channel form and irregularity. For a straight channel, the maximum shear stress can be
assumed from the following equation:
- 1.5ti
Tma x-
for sinuous channels, the maximum shear stress can be determined as a function of plan form
characteristics:
j tima x = 2.65'L(Rc/VVbkf) 0.5
where R, = radius of curvature (ft) and Wbkf = bankfull width (ft).
Shear stress represents a difficult variable to predict due to variability of channel slope,
1 dimensions, and pattern. Typically, as valley slope decreases channel depth and sinuosity
increase to maintain adequate shear stress values for bedload transport. Channels that have
higher shear stress values than required for bedload transport will scour bed and bank
materials, resulting in channel degradation. Channels with lower shear stress values than
needed for bedload transport will deposit sediment, resulting in channel aggradation.
The actual amount of work accomplished by a stream per unit of bed area depends on the
available power divided by the resistance offered by the channel sediments, plan form, and
vegetation. The stream power equation can thus be written as follows:
CO =pgQs=iv
1 23
where co = stream power per unit of bed area (N/ft-sec, Joules/sec/ft2), = shear stress, and v =
average velocity (ft/sec). Similarly,
(0 = K?/Wbkf
where Wbkf= width of stream at bankfull (ft).
5.3.3 Stream Power and Shear Stress Methods and Results
Channel degradation or aggradation occurs when hydraulic forces within the flow exceed or do
not approach the resisting forces in the channel. The amount of degradation or aggradation is a
function of relative magnitude of these forces and the time over which they are applied. the
interaction of flow within the boundary of open channel is only imperfectly understood.
Adequate analytical expressions describing this interaction have yet to be developed for
conditions in natural channels. Thus, means of characterizing these processes rely heavily
upon empirical formulas.
Traditional approaches for characterizing stability can be placed in one of two categories:
1) maximum permissible velocity and 2) tractive force, or stream power and shear stress. The
former is advantageous in that velocity can be measured directly. Shear stress and stream
power cannot be measured directly and must be computed from various flow parameters.
However, stream power and shear stress is generally a better measure of fluid force on the
channel boundary than is velocity.
Using the aforementioned equations, stream power and shear stress were estimated for 1) the
existing on-site stream reach (taken at 4 cross-sections, No. 2,3,5,6), 2) both reference streams
(Moseley Creek and Mill Run), and 3) two proposed on-site conditions (immediately after
construction and 5 years after construction). Important input values and output results
(including stream power, shear stress, and per unit shear power and shear stress) are
presented in Table 8. Complete computations and various scenarios are provided in
Appendix E.
Average stream velocity and discharge values were calculated for the existing on-site stream
reach, reference streams, and proposed conditions. Stream roughness coefficients (n) were
estimated using a modified version of Jarrett's (1985) weighted method for Cowan's (1956)
roughness-component values and applied to Manning's equation (Manning 1891) [see
Appendix E]. Bankfull parameters for the existing conditions were based on areas obtained
from the regional curve data.
Calculations were performed on two reference streams, Mill Run and Moseley Creek, using
average stream geometry values. Due to the large amount of submerged aquatic vegetation
(primarily Egeria densa) in Moseley Creek during the growing season, calculations were
performed for both the summer and winter conditions. Results from the reference channels
indicate that total stream power and shear stress for Moseley Creek is between 1.91-3.44
(summer-winter) and 0.131, respectively. The values for Mill Run are slightly less, being 1.76
and 0.80 for stream power and shear stress, respectively. The slightly lower values for Mill Run
24

values and applied to the following equation to obtain bankfull discharge (Qbkf) estimates:
Qbkf = [1.486 / n] * [Area * Hydraulic Radius... * Water Slope1']
Bankfull discharge calculations for the proposed channel (immediately following completion)
' range from 58.3 cfs in the upper reach to 66.8 cfs in the lower reach. Under conditions following
5 years of vegetative growth discharge was calculated to be 33.9 cfs in the upper reach to
38.8 cfs in the lower reach. Bankfull discharge calculations for the reference streams were also
calculated using the same equation. Bankfull discharge was 35.2 cfs for Mill Run and 45.9 cfs
and 25.5 cfs for Moseley Creek in winter and summer, respectively.
Discharge Based on Direct Measurement
Bankfull discharge was also estimated for Moseley Creek based on direct stream
measurements conducted from August to October 2002. This was accomplished by use of in-
stream water velocity and level sensors with data logger. Stream cross-section data were
collected at gauge placement locations to determine area of the stream channel in relation to
surface water level (stage) from the thalwag to top of the lowest bank; stream velocity (feet per
second) and level (feet) were monitored and recorded at 15-minute intervals; discharge (cfs)
values during and following rain events were determined by multiplying the average (1-hour
intervals) velocity and stage values recorded during the rise and fall of water levels above base
flow. The resulting data were then plotted and best-fit curves applied to determine the
mathematical stage-discharge relationship during high-flow events. Since no bankfull stage
events were recorded during the monitoring period, the resultant equation was applied to
estimate discharge at bankfull stage. The bankfull discharge value for Moseley Creek was
estimated to be 47.9 cfs.
It should be noted that velocity values were generated from the thalweg and likely overestimate
the average velocity for the entire cross-section. Time and budget constraints limited our ability
to verify this assumption. However, based on limited testing with a supplemental propeller
velocity meter, overestimation of bankfull discharge is likely.
For this project, the stable "design" channel is expected to support a bankfull discharge at a
0.11- to 0.31-year return interval of between a 34 cfs and 39 cfs.
6.0 STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PLAN
The primary goals of this restoration plan include 1) the restoration of a stable, ripple-pool, E5
stream channel; 2) the enhancement of water quality functions in the on-site, upstream, and
downstream segments of the main stem channel; 3) the creation of a natural vegetation buffer
along restored stream channels and adjacent wetlands; and 4) the restoration of wildlife
functions associated with a riparian corridor/stable stream. Components of this plan may be
modified based on construction or access constraints. Primary activities designed to restore the
stream complex include stream restoration, floodplain and soil restoration, and plant community
restoration. Subsequently, a monitoring plan is outlined.

1 27
6.1 Stream Restoration
Stream restoration efforts are designed to restore a stable, meandering stream that
approximates hydrodynamics, stream geometry, and local microtopography relative to reference
conditions. This effort consists primarily of excavating a new floodplain followed by stream
reconstruction of the existing channel. The excavation limits of the constructed floodplain and
plan view of the proposed channel modifications are depicted in Figure 15.
An erosion control plan and construction/transportation plan will be developed with future
detailed construction drawings. Erosion control will be performed locally throughout the Site
and will be incorporated into the construction sequencing. Exposed surficial soils at the Site will
be in part, unconsolidated, alluvial sub-surface sediments that do not re-vegetate rapidly after
disturbance. Therefore, seeding with appropriate grasses and immediate planting with
disturbance-adapted shrubs will be employed following the earth-moving process. In addition,
on-site root mats (seed banks) and available vegetation will be stockpiled and placed on the
banks of the newly constructed channel immediately after construction.
A transportation plan, including the location of access routes and staging areas, will be
designed to avoid adverse impacts (i.e. compaction) to the proposed design channel corridor.
In addition, the transportation plan and all construction activities will minimize disturbance to
existing vegetation and soils to the extent feasible. The number of transportation access points
into the floodplain will be maximized to avoid traversing long distances through the Site interior.
6.1.1 Valley and Floodplain Excavation
A new floodplain will be excavated as conceptually depicted in Figures 15 and 16. The
objective of floodplain excavation is to: 1) remove the eroding material and collapsing banks,
2) increase the belt width from an average of 20 feet to greater than 50 feet, 3) increase the
width of the flood-prone area from an average of 25 feet to greater than 120 feet, and 4) realign
the bankfull elevation equal with the elevation of the floodplain. After excavation, the floodplain
will provide a relatively level surface that is expected to develop wetland functions. Planting of
the floodplain with native vegetation is expected to quickly stabilize and help reduce flow
velocities in floodwaters, filter pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat.
The floodplain corridor identified in Figure 15 shall be cleared as necessary to allow surveying
and equipment access. Care will be taken to avoid the removal of existing deeply rooted
vegetation within or adjacent to the floodplain that is currently providing channel stability. In
locations where excavation of one-half foot or greater is required, the following sequence of
events shall be employed:
1) a minimum of one foot of topsoil shall be removed and stockpiled,
2) areas shall be undercut one foot below finished grade,
3) a minimum one-foot of stockpiled topsoil shall be replaced to finished grade.
Excavated material may be used to stabilize temporary access roads, fill low areas in adjacent
fields (with landowners permission only), fill abandoned portions of the old channel, and to
minimize compaction of the underlying floodplain. However, all excavated material shall be
removed from floodplain surfaces, as described below, upon completion of construction
28
r

I
t

t

n

Tf GRADING INTO
-EXISTING BITCH
-------------

FTC
-? PROPOSED 30.
WIDE EASEMENT o-
-------- -----
11 a ?-- =
7 `,`, _ Z r n

MAP LEGEND I
- SITE BOUNDARY
-• CONSTRUCTED CHANNEL
CONSTRUCTED
FLOOD PLAIN
PAVED ROADS
---- EXISTING STREAM
--- ----- OBSCURED CONTOUR
- G - INDEX CONTOUR
INTERMEDIATE CONTOUR
PROPOSED MAJOR
-40- CONTOUR
PROPOSED MINOR
CONTOUR
' EXISTING,

REVISIONS
SAND TRA1L - ? - - ri
, ., - • 1 ??? ?? Client
• ? I
NORTH
--------------
PROPOSED__ - % f CAROLINA
Looo r ET7NG WETLAND
CULVERT aN SANAND TRAIL
LOCATIONS RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project:
WHITELACE
„ CREEK
(jl?7, STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
VIEW - - i LENOIR COUNTY,
PLAN
NORTH CAROLINA
SCALES 1"-300'
,
Title:
STREAM
RECONSTRUCTION
+ PLAN VIEW
Own By Dote:
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By: Scale:
CG 1"•300'
ESC Project No.:
02-111
FIGURE
75

Streamside trees and shrubs include species with high value for sediment stabilization, rapid
growth rate, and the ability to withstand hydraulic forces associated with bankfull flow and
overbank flood events. Streamside trees will be planted within 10 to 15 feet of the channel
' throughout the meander belt width. Shrub elements will be planted along the banks of the
reconstructed stream, concentrated along outer bends. Coastal Plain bottomland hardwood
forests are targeted for outer portions of the floodplain to the base of the upland side slope, and
mesic mixed hardwood species will be planted along the side slope gradient and on adjacent
uplands within the Site. Certain opportunistic species that may dominate the early successional
forests have been excluded from wetland community restoration efforts. Opportunistic species
consist primarily of red maple, tulip poplar, and sweet gum.
The following planting plan is the blueprint for community restoration. The anticipated results
stated in the Success Criteria (Section 7.7) are expected to reflect potential vegetative
conditions achieved after steady-state conditions prevail over time.
Planting Plan
The purpose of a planting plan is to re-establish vegetative community patterns across the
landscape. The plan consists of 1) acquisition of available plant species, 2) implementation of
proposed site preparation, and 3) planting of selected species.
Species selected for planting will be dependent upon availability of local seedling sources.
Advance notification to nurseries (1 year) will facilitate availability of various non-commercial
elements. Bare-root seedlings of tree species will be planted within specified map areas at a
density of approximately 680 stems per acre on 8-foot centers. Table 9 depicts the total number
of stems and species distribution within each vegetation association. Planting will be performed
between December 1 and March 15 to allow plants to stabilize during the dormant period and
set root during the spring. A total of approximately 35,615 tree and shrub will be planted within
the Site boundary during restoration activities.
1
r
t
1

1 33
Table 9. Planting Plan, Whitelace Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Sit,-
Vegetation Association
(Planting area) Streamside
Assemblage Bottomland
Hardwood
Forest Cypress-
Gum Swamp Mesic
Hardwood
Forest Streamhead
Atlantic Wh.
Cedar Forest TOTAL
STEMS
PLANTED
Stem Target
Area (acres [ac]) 680/acres
2.3 acres 680/acres
8.5 acres 680/acres
10.1 acres 680/acres
13.5 acres 680/acres
0.3 acres
34.7 acres
SPECIES # planted
(% total) # planted
(% total) # planted
(% total) # planted
(% total) # planted
(% total) # planted
(% total)
Ironwood 160(10) 160
Possum-haw 160(10) 160
River Birch 320(20) 320
American Sycamore 320(20) 320
American Elm 160(10) 300(5) 460
Green Ash 160(10) 300(5) 350(5) 810
Willow Oak 160(10) 600(10) 900(10) 1660
Tulip Poplar 160(10) 300(5) 450(5) 20(10) 930
Swamp Tupelo 600(10) 2100 (30) 20(10) 2720
Cherrybark Oak 300(5) 900(10) 1200
Laurel Oak 600(10) 350(5) 450(5) 1400
Overcup Oak 600(10) 350(5) 950
Swamp Chestnut Oak 600(10) 600
Water Oak 300(5) 300
Water Hickory 300(5) 350(5) 650
Bald Cypress 600(10) 2800 (40) 3400
Atlantic White Cedar 600(10) 60(50) 660
Carolina Ash 350(5) 350
Swamp Cottonwood 350(5) 350
White Oak 1350 (15) 1350
Southern Red Oak 1350 (15) 1350
American Beech 1350 (15) 1350
Northern Red Oak 900(10) 900
Pignut/Mockernut Hickory 900 (10) 900
Black Gum 450(5) 450
Pond Pine 40(20) 40
Black Willow 50/pool 2000
Giant Cane' 1750/ac 680/ac 9875
TOTAL 7,625 11,850 7,000 9,000 35,615
?. So e I on-cV111me cldl elemel ti may im be locany available at the time of planting. The stem count for unavailable species
should be distributed among other target elements based on the percent (%) distribution. One year of advance notice to forest
nurseries will promote availability of some non-commercial elements. However, reproductive failure in the nursery may occur.
2: Scientific names for each species, required for nursery inventory, are listed in Section 6.3 of the restoration plan.
3: Bare root giant cane rhizomes (8-10 inches in length) will be planted randomly within the planting areas at the density specified.
34 1
11
7.0 MONITORING PLAN
' Monitoring of Site restoration efforts will be performed over a 5 years period (e.g. five growing
seasons), including a minimum of two bankfull events recorded at the Site, or thereafter until
success criteria are fulfilled. Monitoring reports will be submitted at the end of monitoring years
' one, three, and five. Monitoring is proposed for stream restoration, wetland restoration, and
buffer restoration. Three distinct tasks are covered under the monitoring plan including stream
monitoring, hydrological monitoring, and vegetation monitoring. Each of these tasks is
' described below.
7.1 Stream Monitoring
As part of the as-built report, a stream reach extending approximately 20 to 25 bankfull widths
will be surveyed to calculate geometric stream parameters, including dimension, pattern and
profile. The as-built document will establish the channel plan view, establish permanent
' channel cross-sections on riffles and pools, provide substrate analysis, and establish the
channel profile. Profile measurements will include bed facets, water surface, and bankfull
' elevations. A minimum of two pools and two riffle cross-sections locations will be identified
within the monitoring reach. Stream monitoring in subsequent years will not include additional
plan view measurements. Subsequent monitoring will revisit cross-section locations, resurvey
' the profile, and provide substrate analysis. Data will be presented in graphic and tabular format.
Data to be presented will be based on bankfull measurements and include 1) cross-sectional
area, 2) width, 3) average depth, 4) maximum depth, 5) width/depth ratio, 6) water surface
' slope, and 7) stream substrate composition. The stream will subsequently be classified
according to stream geometry and substrate (Rosgen 1996). Stream monitoring shall also
include photo documentation of changes observed within the channel, including bank erosion,
' aggradation, degradation, and presences of instream bars. Significant changes in channel
morphology will be tracked and reported by . comparing data from as-built and previous
monitoring data.
7.2 Stream Success Criteria
Success criteria for stream restoration will include 1) successful classification of the reach as a
functioning stream system (Rosgen 1996), and 2) channel stability indicative of a stable stream
system. Channel configuration will be evaluated every second year to monitor for changes in
channel geometry, profile, or substrate. These data will be utilized to determine the success in
restoring stream channel stability.
The channel configuration will be compared to the design plans and previous geometry data to
' track changes in channel geometry, profile, or substrate. These data will be utilized to assist in
determining the success of restoring stream channel stability. Specifically, there shall be no
significant change in channel geometry from constructed channel; pool depths and width should
' remain consistent with the constructed geometry; the profile should continue to show the
development of bed features and not evidence of channel aggradation of degradation; and over
' time the channel will be successfully classified as an E-type stream. The field indicator of
bankfull will be described in each monitoring year and indicated on representative channel
cross-sections.
35
Channel stability will be assessed based on dimension, pattern, and profile variables. Bank
erosion and headcut migration through the Site will be assessed visually (photo record) and
through cross-section and profile data.
7.3 Stream Contingency
In the event that stream success criteria are not fulfilled, a mechanism for contingency will be
implemented. Stream contingency may include, but is not be limited to 1) structure repair
and/or installation; 2) repair of dimension, pattern, and/or profile variables; and 3) bank
stabilization. The method of contingency is expected to be dependent upon stream variables
not in compliance with success criteria. Primary concerns that may jeopardize stream success
include structure failure, headcut migration through the Site, and/or bank erosion.
Headcut Migration Through the Site - In the event that a headcut occurs (identified visually or
through on-site measurements), provisions for impeding headcut migration and repairing
damage caused by the headcut may be implemented. Headcut migration may be impeded
through the installation of in-stream grade control structures (log cross vane) and/or restoring
stream geometry variables until channel stability is achieved. Channel repairs to stream
geometry may include stabilizing the material with erosion control matting, and vegetative
transplants and/or willow stakes.
Bank Erosion - In the event that severe bank erosion results in width/depth ratios significantly
higher than that of the previous monitoring year, contingency measures to reduce these
variables may take place. Bank erosion contingency may include the installation log vanes
and/or bank stabilization measures. If the resultant bank erosion induces shoot cutoffs or
channel abandonment, the channel may be modified to reduce shear stress.
7.4 Wetland Hydrology Monitoring
Following construction groundwater monitoring wells placed in accordance with specifications in
the COE of Engineers' Installing Monitoring Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (WRP Technical
Note HY-IA-3.1, August 1993). Monitoring wells shall be situated in various microtopographic
regimes within the excavated floodplain area and at a frequency sufficient to provide
representative coverage. Each well shall be set to a minimum depth of 24 inches below the soil
surface. Hydrological sampling shall be performed throughout the growing season at intervals
necessary to satisfy the hydrology success criteria within each community restoration area (EPA
1990).
In order to substantiate the extent of floodplain restoration, one stream gauge shall be placed in
the primary stream channel to measure stream water velocity and stage level. Channel cross-
sections shall be surveyed in proximity to the gauge for development of a stage-discharge
relationship. Stream gauge data will determine the elevation and frequency of over-bank
flooding events.
7.5 Hydrology Success Criteria
Reference well data will be used to compare wetland hydroperiods between the restoration area
and relatively undisturbed reference wetlands. Target hydrological characteristics will be based
on comparison to these reference site well data. The on-site well hydroperiods shall meet or
36

exceed 75 percent of the hydroperiod exhibited by the reference wells located within similar
physiographic landscape position.
Stream gauge data, including flood event frequency and the elevation of each flood event, will
be utilized to substantiate the frequency and extent of over-bank flooding. The stream gauge
will be capable of recording stream stage, velocity, and discharge. The data will be reported as
peak daily flows (cubic feet per second, cfs), average daily flow (cfs), bankfull velocity
(foot/second), bankfull discharge (cfs), and stage (feet) in tabular and graphic format.
' 7.6 Vegetation Monitoring
Restoration planting procedures with NCDWQ guidelines and the COE Compensatory
' Hardwood Mitigation Guidelines (DOA 1994). Restoration Monitoring procedures for vegetation
are designed in accordance with Stream Mitigation Guidelines (USACE et al. 2003) and
' vegetation guidelines provided by WRP (Draft Vegetation Monitoring Plan for Riparian Buffer
and Wetland Restoration Projects, undated). A general discussion of the plant community
restoration-monitoring program is provided.
' After planting has been completed in winter or early spring, an initial evaluation will be
performed to verify planting methods and to determine initial species composition and density.
' Supplemental planting and additional site modifications will be implemented, if necessary.
During the first year, vegetation will receive cursory, visual evaluation on a periodic basis to
ascertain the degree of overtopping of planted elements by nuisance species. Subsequently,
' quantitative sampling of vegetation will be performed between September 1 and October 30 in
monitoring years 1, 3, and 5 or until the vegetation success criterion is achieved.
' During quantitative vegetation sampling in the first year, permanent sampling quadrants will be
established at randomly (stratified) placed locations within the Site. The sampling plots will
equally represent the various hydrologic regimes and plant communities found within the Site.
' In each sample quadrant, vegetation parameters to be monitored include species composition
and species density. Visual observations of the percent cover of shrub and herbaceous species
will also be recorded but not used for vegetative success criteria. Exotic vegetation will also be
' noted during data collection.
7.7 Vegetative Success Criteria
Success criteria have been established to verify that the vegetation component supports
community elements necessary for floodplain forest development. Success criteria are
dependent upon the density and growth "Character Tree Species," which include planted
' species, those species listed by Schafale and Weakley (1990), and species identified in the
RFEs. All canopy tree species planted and identified in the reference forest will be utilized to
define "Character Tree Species" as termed in the success criteria.
' An average density of 320 stems per acre of Character Tree Species must be surviving in the
' first year of monitoring. Subsequently, 290 character tree stems per acre must be surviving in
year 3, and 260 character tree stems per acre in year 5. Planted species must represent a
minimum of 30 percent of the required stem per acre total (96 stems/acre). Each naturally
' recruited character species may represent up to 10 percent of the required stem per acre total.
37

In essence, seven naturally recruited character species may represent a maximum of '
70 percent of the required stem/acre total. Additional stems of naturally recruited species above
the 70 percent threshold are discarded from the statistical analysis. The remaining 30 percent '
are not removed from the Site, but will be left as a reserve and future seed source for species
maintenance during mid-succession phases of forest development.
7.8 Vegetation Contingency
If vegetation success criteria are not achieved based on average density calculations from '
combined sample plot data, supplemental planting will be performed with tree species approved
by regulatory agencies. Supplemental planting will be performed as needed until achievement
of vegetation success criteria. No quantitative sampling requirements are proposed for herb '
assemblages as part of the vegetation success criteria. Development of floodplain forests over
several decades shall dictate the success in migration and establishment of desired understory
and groundcover populations. Visual estimates of the percent cover of herbaceous species and ,
photographic evidence will be reported for information purposes.
7.9 Special Considerations '
The Site shall be periodically monitored for structures that significantly impede surface flow of
the newly constructed stream channel (e.g. beaver dams or fallen snags). Snags and other
woody debris that pose such obstruction shall be removed by hand or "cabled out" of the '
riparian area with minimum impacts to soil compaction and vegetation. There shall be no
excessive clearing or pruning of vegetation within the Site boundary. Temporary access points
to the restored channel (for stream monitoring efforts) shall, where practicable, be placed at '
least 1000 feet apart, and any vegetation that is removed for temporary access or crossing shall
be re-established. Corrective action shall be applied to any monitoring activity that causes
channelized flow within the riparian area. '

7
38

1

1

t
1
1

8.0 RESTORATION PLANNING UNITS
Restoration planning units have been established for current and future site evaluation and
planning purposes. Table 10 and Figure 21 depict planning units for stream buffer restoration
and enhancement, wetland restoration and enhancement, and stream restoration. An enlarged
illustration of restoration planning units within the Site is provided in Appendix G.
Table 10. Restoration Planning Units for Whitelace Creek Stream and Wetland
Restoration Site.

Restoration Design Unit Linear
Distance
(feet) Approximate
Planning Unit Area
(acres)
Stream Buffer Restoration -- 8.0
Stream Buffer Enhancement -- 4.4
Wetland Restoration -- 5.5
Wetland Enhancement -- 16.5
Stream Restoration 3750 --
8.1 Riparian Buffers
Riparian buffers, as described in the Neuse River Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management
Strategy (1997), are lacking most of the stream reach within the Site. Effective restoration and
enhancement of these buffers will serve to provide several water quality benefits, which include
nitrogen and sediment removal from the supporting watersheds. Currently, approximately
4500 linear feet along both sides of Whitelace Creek do not support riparian buffers.
Restoration and enhancement within the groundwater slope area will assist in successful
restoration of the adjacent riverine floodplain. Important hydrodynamic and biogeochemical
functions restored include moderation of groundwater flow and discharge towards the floodplain,
dynamic surface water storage, long term surface water storage, and subsurface water storage.
Pools, seeps, and ephemeral and intermittent streams characteristic of reference wetlands
would be expected to re-establish along the base of upland groundwater slopes. Application of
agriculture-related chemicals and other hazardous wastes adjacent to the stream and wetlands
may also be inhibited due to upland buffers abutting the floodplain.
Biotic functions potentially restored within the wetland/upland complex include re-introduction of
habitat for certain terrestrial and semi-aquatic wildlife guilds. Species populations promoted
include those dependent upon interspersion and connectivity within bottomland areas along with
those requiring forest interior. These riparian and non-riparian wetland interactions are
considered degraded throughout a majority of the project region as agricultural lands dominate
intermediate landscape positions (between interstream and riverine Wetland habitat). Habitat
value and community maintenance functions will also be improved by creation and
interconnection of four plant community types, including uplands, along the restored
environmental gradients.
39
Restoration plans will effectively restore a minimum 50 feet of forested buffer on both sides of
the reconstructed channel (3731 linear feet measured on center line of channel) and
significantly expand buffers elsewhere throughout the Site. In addition, 8.0 acres of riparian
buffer shall be restored and 4.4 acres of riparian buffer shall be enhanced to further protect
water quality and ecological functions within the corridor.
8.2 Riverine Wetland Restoration and Enhancement
Restoration plans will introduce surface water flood hydrodynamics from an approximately
10.1 square mile watershed onto a newly constructed floodplain. The plan includes
establishment of an array of riverine communities, including bottomland hardwood forests,
riverine swamp forests, and backwater cypress-gum swamp. Therefore, riverine hydrodynamic
and biogeochemical functions will be restored, including pollutant removal, organic carbon
export, sediment retention, nutrient cycling, flood storage, and energy dissipation. Physical
wetland functions typically associated with water quality will be replaced within the Neuse River
basin.
Biological functions associated with the riverine system, including in-stream aquatic habitat,
structural floodplain habitat, and interspersion and connectivity between the restored stream,
floodplain, and adjacent uplands, will also be restored. Based on restoration analyses, the Site
includes approximately 5.5 acres of wetland restoration in former cropland and approximately
16.5 acres of wetland enhancement located primarily within lower reaches of the Site.
8.3 Stream Restoration
Stream restoration activities will replace approximately 3400 linear feet of an unstable,
transitioning stream channel with approximately 3731 linear feet of a stable E-type channel
configuration. Restoration of a stable stream channel will reduce sediment and nutrient loading,
increase flooding frequency within the floodplain, increase in-stream habitat including pools and
associated micro-habitat, and lower water temperatures resulting from the shading by planted
vegetation. Stream restoration efforts will also include the restoration of 50 feet of riparian
buffer on both banks of the channel, encompassing approximately 9.0 acres.
40

11

n
C
0

L?

11
H

C
-------------------------
= +r
EXISTING -
SAND TRAIL
E' coScience
u orporation
ABANDONED WASTE C
STORAGE LAGOON Raleigh, North Carolina
_-%-'?-
- _ __ -- - - / r, l- - REVISIONS
-
EXISTING r - -- - c•s
SAND TRAIL -
---- ------- ------
-- ?..t?
MN
PROPOSED 30' EXISTING
WIDE EASEMENT - SAND TRAIL

?AMf
_ r•M,„z
_ ? .vll r i
PLAN VIEW
SCALE: 1"•300'
MAP LEGEND
? SITE BOUNDARY
CONSTRUCTED CHANNEL
PAVED ROADS
---- EXISTING STREAM
---- OBSCURED CONTOUR
-45- INDEX CONTOUR
INTERMEDIATE CONTOUR
50' STREAM
/ RESTORATION BOUNDARY
RESTORATION LEGEND
STREAM RESTORATION 3731± In. ft.
ocres
NEUSE RIVER STREAM
BUFFER RESTORATION 8.0±
® NEUSE RIVER STREAM
BUFFER ENHANCEMENT 4.4±
® WETLAND ENHANCEMENT 16.5±
® WETLAND RESTORATION 5.5±
C:
i

tai. Client:
NORTH
CAROLINA
WETLAND
% RESTORATION
PROGRAM
Project:
WHITELACE
CREEK
STREAM AND
WETLAND
RESTORATION
SITE
LENOIR COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
Title
RESTORATION
PLANNING UNITS
Dwn By- Dote:
MAF JAN 2004
Ckd By Scale:
CG 1"•300'
ESC Project No.:
02-111
FIGURE
21

1 9.0 REFERENCES
' Chang, Howard H. 1988. Fluvial Processes in River Engineering. John Wiley & Sons.
Cowan, W.L. 1956. Estimating Hydraulic Roughness Coefficients. Agricultural Engineering,
37, 473-475.
' Department of the Army (DOA). 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual.
Technical Report Y-87-1. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS. 100 pp.
' Department of the Army (DOA). 1994. Corps of Engineers Wilmington District. Compensatory
Hardwood Mitigation Guidelines (12/8/93).
' Division of Water Quality (DWQ). 1997. Classifications and Water Quality Standards Assigned
to the Waters of the Neuse River Basin. North Carolina Department of Environment and
' Natural Resources, Raleigh.
Division of Water Quality (DWQ). 1997. Neuse River Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management
' Strategy. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh.
Division of Water Quality (DWQ). 1998. Neuse River Basinwide Water Quality Plan. North
' Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh.
Dunne, D. and L.B. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. W.H. Freeman and
Company. N.Y.
Environmental protection Agency (EPA). (1990). Mitigation Site Type (MIST). A Methodology
to Classify Pre-Project Mitigation Sites and Develop Performance Standards for
Construction and Restoration of forested Wetlands. USEPA Workshop August 13-15,
' 1989. USEPA Region IV and Hardwood Research Cooperative, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC.
' Gordon, N.D., T.A. McMahon, and B.L. Finlayson. 1992. Stream Hydrology: an Introduction.
Hamel, P.B. 1992. Land Manager's Guide to the Birds of the South. The Nature Conservancy,
Southeastern Region, Chapel Hill, NC. 437 pp.
Harrelson, C.C., C.L. Rawlins, and J.P. Potyondy. 1994. Stream Channel Reference Sites: An
' Illustrated Guide to Field Technique. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-245. USDA Forest Service.
Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Fort Collins, Colorado.
' Jarret, R.D. 1985 Determination of Roughness Coefficients for Streams in Colorado. USGS
Water Resources Investigations Report 85-4004, Lakewood, Colorado.
41

Manning, R. 1981. On the Flow of Water in Open Channels and Pipes. Transactions of the
Institution of Civil Engineers of Ireland. 20, 161-20.
Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of
the Carolinas and Virginia. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
264 pp.
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC). 1996. Draft Guidelines for Stream
Relocation and Restoration in North Carolina. Raleigh, North Carolina. ,
Rosgen D. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology. Pagosa Springs, Colorado.
S
h
f '
c
a
ale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of N
orth
Carolina: Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Division of
,
Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural '
Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Smith, R. L. 1980. Ecology and Field Biology, Third Edition. Harper and Row, New York. '
835 pp.
Soil Conservation Service (SCS). 1977. Soil Survey of Lenoir County, North Carolina. United
States Department of Agriculture.
Sweet, W.V and J.W. Geratz. 2003. Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry Relationships and '
Recurrence Intervals for North Carolina's Coastal Plain. Journal of the American Water
Resources Association (JAWRA). 39(4):861-871. Department of the Army (DOA). ,
1994. Corps of Engineers Wilmington District. Compensatory Hardwood Mitigation
Guidelines (12/8/93).
U
it
n
ed States Army Corp of Engineers, United States Environmental Protection Agency, North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and the Division of Water Quality. 2003.
Stream Mitigation Guidelines. 26 pp. (unpublished). '
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1996. Hydric Soils: Lenoir County, North
Carolina. Soil Conservation Service Technical Guide, Section II-A 2. ,
United States Geological Survey (USGS). 1974. Hydrologic Unit Map - 1974. State of North
Carolina. '
Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell, and W.C. Biggs, Jr. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, '
and Maryland. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 255 pp.
Wetland Restoration Program (WRP). 1998. Basinwide Wetlands and Riparian Restoration '
Plan for the Neuse River Basin. NC Division of Water Quality, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources.
42
1

1
I

1

J
t

APPENDIX A
Kennedy Home PC Determination
li
i
1
1
i
i
1
1
t
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
United States Department of Agriculture
4.j N RCS
Natural Resources Conservation Service
2026 Hwy 11/55 South
Kinston, North Carolina 28504
252-523-7010 Ext.3
Date: July 30, 2003
To: Shay Garriock
Eco-Science Corp.
1101 Haynes St., Suite 101
Raleigh, NC 27604
From: Jerry Raynor
RE: Kennedy Home PC Determination
Please find enclosed the information that you requested in reference to the PC Determination on
the Kennedy Home Property. After further investigation, I have found that all fields were
determined PC or Prior Converted Wetlands. This has been noted on the enclosed map.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me.
S
erry ynor
Dist ct Conservationist
Lenoir County
Enclosure
The Natural Resources Conservation Service provides leadership in a partnership effort to help people
conserve, maintain, and improve our natural resources and environment.
`. SCS-CPA-026
?? US
v- L:.
56J(4i;?ae?`tlon B'arvice (1-88)
HIGHLY ERODIBLE LAND AND WETLAND
i CONSERVATION DETERMINATION
4. Narne of USDA Agency or Person Requesting Determination
1. Name and Address of Parson 2. beta of Request
r A/./V C- 7 o s E 3. County '.
6. Farm No. and Tract No.
fL
SECTION I - HIGHLY ERODIBLE LAND
6. Is soil survey now available for making a highly erodible land determination? Yea , No F1eld.No.(s): Total Acres . !. .
f.
Are here highly erodible soil map units on this farm?
7. A
t

?

-

B. List highly erodible fields that, according to ASCS records, were used to produce "»»'°?°<.>:...:.:«< »;»:<«•»;»> :•;> --: ;,^;'•+=•^•::- "
art agricultural commodity in any crop year during 1981-1985.
List highly erodible fields that have been or will be converted for the production of
agric and according to ASCS records were not used for
ultursl commodities this
purpose e no in any crop Year during 1981-1986• and were not enrolled in a USDA
set-aside or diversion program.
0. This Highly Erodible Land.determination was completed In the: Office Field
?
NOTE: if you have highly erodible cropland fields, you may need to have a conservation plan developed for these fields" For further information, contact the
local office of the Soli Conservation Service.
SECTION If -WETLAND
1. Are there hydric soils on this farm? Yes Field No.(s) Total Wetland Acres

lst field numbers and acres, where appropriate, for the following
EMP
X TED WETLANDS:
2. Wetlands (W), including abandoned wetlands, or Farmed Wetlands (FW)"
Wetlands may be farmed under natural conditions. Farmed Wetlands may
be farmed and maintained in the same manner as they were prior to
December 23, 1985, as long as they are not abandoned.
a
Prior - The management, drainage, nd alteration
converted Wetlands (PC) Th use, -

_
'
of prior converted wetlands (PC) are not subject to FSA unless the area reverts

2
to wetland as a result of abandonment. You should inform SCS of any area to .
/
- -t>(
_ be used to produce an'agricultural'cd-m-m-odity atFasnot been cropped,

1 t ? I
managed, or maintained for 5 years or more.
14. Artificial Wetlands (AW) - Artificial Wetlands includes irrigation induced wetlands
These Wetlands are not subject to FSA.
Minimal Effect Wetlands (MW) - These wetlands are to be farmed according to the .!..
minimal affect agreement signed at the time the minimal effect determination
was made. I
¦DN-EXEMPTED WETLANDS:
16. Converted Wetlands (CW) - In any year that an agricultural commodity is planted
on these Converted Wetlands, you will be ineligible for USDA benefits. If you
believe that the conversion was commenced before December 23, 1985, or that
the conversion was caused by a third party, contact the ASCS office to request a
commenced or third party determination.
The planned alteration measures on wetlands in fields are considered maintenance and are in compliance
with FSA•
18. The planned alteration measures on wetlands in fields
will cause the area to become a Converted Wetiand (CW). See item 16 for information on CW.
are not considered to be maintenance and if installed
IN. This wetland determination was completed in the: Office Field
This determination was: Delivered I I Mailed I - I To the Person on Date:
NOTE: If you do not agree with this determination, you may request a reconsideration from the person that signed this form in Block 22 below. The
reconsideration is a prerequisite for any further appeal. The request for the reconsideration must be in writing and must state your reasons for the request.
The request must be mailed or delivered within 15 days after this determination is mailed to or otherwise made available to you. Please see reverse side of
the producer's copy of this form for more information on appeals procedure.
NOTE: If you intend to convert additional land to cropland or alter any wetlands,you must initiate another Form AD-1026 at the local office of ASCS.
Abandonment is where land has not been cropped, managed, or maintaine-- for 5 years or more. You should inform SCS if you plan to produce an
agricultural commodity on abandoned wetlands.
1. Remarks-'
C gnarn ra r. f Cr'C

v
}
Z
w ]
w
= O
U
N
N

i
lJ Y ? I

O
??
It
a N

LL O

O
N ? Z
r
U
?
.1
?
N
? d ¢
o 111
?
N
Z
0 O 0
Z
¢
v Z W
w \
' -
[\ <
Z LL i

<
i
CD
C14
CD
I z
0
I iz- a
-
- -
...-
-. _. L
-
.-...
w ?O \
U)
Z

Lij
o

a
I
\
\
u? Z I I I i I
U) -g o
o 0 z

o=

Z.2 ¢
w

-j
F
-
LU
..
0
O
;7

N

I

I

1

j Z U
1
o
W
m

\

I z
°
I-
a ¢ v ? I >
U
w Z (
?
w
¢ Q
C) a 11 Q r% a
¢ -1 O 2 U
o W F' I L
F- .J
z m e
O

?
w
f a D
I-u
Ir - O T
U ?

z o I »
p•

N
` a:
<
y v
LN W L Q
0 u-
< N U
N
] C ?•
n_°
? < f11
O 2Q
w
O
u o -
0 d ,
N
LL I )
I w

°
Z'j r

I

w?
0
1
a
,Cf' B
r._

1W ikf,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JI?
;11

e

APPENDIX B
Regional Curves for the Coastal Plain of North Carolina
(Sweet and Geratz, 2003)

= r m M r m r r m r m r r m r r m m?

-LL

UAL -
m

M o-
?
mm
M 53
0 n
C
C)
rri
UI
--q

mm OK
C) r-
T >
p N m
o o
AZ
N O 0 0
Z
*m
= o r
-i D
O
o r 0 U)
y
Z O
-i
C7 O D
V)
W
O
(1
OD _
p N 4
i
v
I+ (N
I+ Ln
I+ ?n
I+
1+

+

N
a I I
l? I

Z

m

0
D

m
0

z
O

O
C

m Z
p
m

x
0
z

O
M O
07
0

c
m
0
C7
O
z

c
O
M m
x
w

z
O
N

m -0
D
<
m
o
M
0

U) C-)
O
Z
Ln
-?
c
C-)
m
o

n
Z

Z

m
r- cn
=1
m

co
O
z
o
a
V
r -
m
M
m
z
v
(1) -0
Z
L4 <
0
o
-m
C
m [) p
V1 4
n 6 ?
co CD
a
o
c?
m 2. o
? g C- 0
C
O
N -t
: N
-' O O
0

Ji C

I
_ \1

U) m
Z
;o O
r
- ?I
i
J
I
r _
1 ?
:E -0
m o,D /
rno
?o - t
m
Z0 i
1
\ t ,t.
t
i
I /
i ,
r
=q ?Z .
r
\
l
1 10
I I
\
al,, . , a
_ f
11 ` , I
t
i
r
i' .
i
NEDY ;paRx
1 .
I

' (A y
4fA V )m
x
g N
;o
?o o?
o -+z

\ mZ ?O
Dp

0>
Z(n
n m

t 1 .t ' 1
l

t ?. i II
11,
, 1,

t
1
----
1 ?t
? n
o ?
A
;uz cn:EW "°v):E n
Z 0 21 3 m m 0 o ? m
?
z oZ m?Za?n ?iZoZ=
Q a? Z0v m 3zva
O
< o ?O
(D.
N /
W.
?:s 0 r)
CD
r rr r? m m m m m r m r i m m m m ? ?
1
1
1
(a)
1000 a
100
U
N
10
cd
1+
0.1
1 10 100 1000
Drainage Area (sq. mi.)
(c)
100 a
43 10
43 N
A
c
a?
1
Gq
0.1 -I-
0.1
U
bA
.c
U
1000
1-1
4-4 100
b
C3
.?C
C
P? 10
1 +
0.1
1 10 100
Drainage Area (sq. mi.)
1VVV
(d)
loooo ,?
1000
w
4 100
A
I
10
1 10 100
Drainage Area (sq. mi.)
1VVV
1 -4-
0.1
1 10 100
Drainage Area (sq. mi.)
Sweet, W.V and J.W. Geratz. 2003. Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry Relationships and
Recurrence Intervals for North Carolina's Coastal Plain. Journal of the American Water
Resources Association (JAWRA). 39(4):861-871.
1VVV
1

t

APPENDIX C
HEC-RAS Report for Existing and Proposed Conditions

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
T T ? ' «0
'p O? O? C O O O O T C
rz 11 11 C. c (n
J (n co U) U) c>n v? cn cn - m
> > > > > m O m N
ce) 0) co
O O
O `I O CD
N_ m N_ L6
0) O M O
O II O II O
LO
O C
(0 co O N 00
00
0- E
C L ? C v ?
Co cu
M O C ca O C) C
O
a (D C) O
fV ? . O "T
N U)
> Y
Y >
O (D
O
U C,, (D U CD
Ua U?
(D
U `n
J
J
C) p o
II N CD II N
C N L j
too
O O
00 CO V N O N O c1' W (D a' N O QO (6 v N
?Y V V' 'IT M M Cl) V V V V' V M M M M
()4) u01lena13 (4) uogenal3
O O >, T C U) G O O O O C (n
N (L O LO N O N ? 7 Y m 4) cD Lo ° O N O In 2• C• C
m ?i m O
O N
CY) r-- ce) 00
O N O a
O L O (q
N m N N
r- C)
0') m p CD O O
N O O
II O II
(n (n
R' w to
O o O CD,
C c p C c oo
M cc
m co 00
E E
11 I I ?
coo C L ? C L
O o
a 2 O 2 ' • O V' ' t (O +6
d
N U) N
Y ? Y
tY O 00
U C) U C)
U i U -j
U 4? (n U w p
t0 r o (0 r
-I op -? o
II N II
L N L N
O O
O O (O d' N O co (0 V W (0 V N O co (O V
(n 'T V V '7 d' cr) co M IT V VT d' ?F M co M
(}}) uol;ena13 ()J) uol;enal3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
C T T T >. T T T C M C T T T C rn
Q1 O o- N (V r p !I C C rn, f 0 O N N 'O '* C C
co U) U) CO
O O
O
M M
LO
M (\j M U?
O N O n
O o O I CD
04 N II I N
0) U)
O
O C N co N
N
C X C X
(B ui C6 Lu
Q. II O C a II O O C
C U O U Cn O
(Q O„ CB N ca
EL- CD Ilk r
O N
U U
O O O
U w U
(B t CQ L
ti 11
o
a) LO
> LO
E io - R
O o
r O Cn m h CO V' M O W CO n O O d' M
7 V' co M M M M M M V' M M M M M co M
(4) uol}ena13 O uol}enal3
a) `0 m
= T T T T T J. C ,J IB
C) 0 O c,
t3) O
Of O O LO N N p T C
U) (n
co . _j (n cn C/) a) CD U) cp co co
i
N COO
CCU co
O M O co
O
N N
11 O 00 N II LO
Q. N
CD CD,
O O O ?
N N LO C: Lu uj
Q. II C d II O C_
U O U Oj
C C C 2
(tj cc ca
f?a
0 00 fn Q_ !n
O
O
O
N
U CD
CU M
II c II o 0
0
0 0
N O 0) C6 n CO LO V V' N O 00 CO V N
tt V' V M M M CO M M '7 d' V' M M M M
(}}) u011en913 (}}) uol}ena13
? >' T T T
N T
? T
N T
r C
O ? (n
C• C

d'
O
v
0
1
1
1
1
1
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
d - N O 0 0 V / N - N

O

4-j
o a)
N- Q)
N ?-?-
z ?
o .?
C0

U +
?
? 0

?
r -
--
F D
Cf) T
O 0
U O

O •N
N O

QO

d - N O 0 0 C D d - N
N - d - N - r 0 N -) N -)
1 @@ _j ui uO IJ D A @J ?

I i, ? ? i I I

11 ,

I 1 II
I.

I
I I ,
1 ? I_ ? _ I

,i I
I I
I I I I I
V
V
I

I I
I
, I
I
I I
I
I I
I
I l
I
I l
I I
I I
I
I
I I I
I I
I I I, I I I I I I

i ; •T_ i I i
a ,

I I
I
? I I'

II
11
I
11
I
I
I I
J

I
' I

I

I

I 1
II
it II I

II
1
i
i
1
I,
I ,
I I J! I T ! ! 1! 1! 1! (!
G
N
O
M
0
0
N
r
O
r
m

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
f
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
N O 00 c 9 d - N
O

O

0
N

O
N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
?
O •

O LC) 00

(,
?-QO
+ U

W
N
U)

c n V) O p

U O
N

O

O
QO

O
( N O 00 Q O d - N
d - d - rl-) r q
4 @ 9 9 ui u OI ID A @I ]

,I
,I
,I
,I
,I
,I
I

I ,I
Y
i
i

1

1 1 1 I I
I I, I i I I I

1 1 i LL
1
I
I
I I I l j 1
I
1
I
I
I
I I
I I I
_I_
_?
? I
i I
I I
I I
I

? I I
I I
I
I
1 I I 1
I I I I 1
1 I I

i
i
i i
I 4
?
I ,
I, t

I
I 1
00
co
0
N
O
O
O
N
O
C
m
.D
O
r
m
a

1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
f
1
1
N O 00 O N- N
ro rq O
O
O
N
4-j
N
J
O ?
z .-.
O (-D 00
F-- O U
UM
(W N
0
(/) O
cn
c
U 0
TO
1
O
QO
O
N O 00 C-0 N- N
N- N- ro r? r1r) N-)
499_j ui u014bn91]]

- l ?? l I
?I i i l
; I I I I I
I 1 , '
I
I
I f I
{..?
I,

I
I

1
I
.
I I

I ?
I, '
I I
I
-,

i

Ir -r
r
,
„ I -

i
L
LL
co
N
O
O
O
N
ti
O
C
r

N O 00 ?D d- N
d - O

N
- i
1 I
1
O

--F-1
N
a?
U-
z O •?
O CO
-? O 0
? + U
W O
V/
?
----
---
----
-

o
cJ `' ' O

U N
O
N

O

00

O

N O co Qo d- N
d- d - ? r19 r
49@j Ui UO ;DA 91 ?

I
I

l

I

I

?

?

I
?

I

I

I
I I
i
I
? I

i I
I

!
;I

1 I ??
, I 1 I 1 I
"
I, I
I I
1 }
? 1
I I
i, I I

I
,I
,I I

?
1 I
1 I
1

?
?
I i

I

0
co
M
M
N
O
O
O
N
O
C
O
O
r

1
1
w

i

1
1
1
1
1
N O 00 Q0 d- N
N-) O
O
O
N
N
LL-
T)
O ?
z .,
0
_ ) 00
O 0
W
c
n
V(n/ cn O C)
U 0
o
Q0
DL
-T- T
O
N O 00 QO d- N
d- d- ? ? r1r) rIf)
19a_j Ui U014DAGJ?

111
1

111

I I
I
I I
I I I
1

II
1
I
1
1
1

I

I I

I

I 11
I-

I

I I
I I
I I
I
I I
I I
?
? I
I
I I

I I I

I I

I I

I ? 5
I
1
I I

?
I 11
I f

I, I
I, I

II ! ? i i -? I
I ? I
I I
i I 1
? 1 11
I
co
LO
co
N
O
O
O
N
O
C
O
m
m

1
t
t

1-1

1
t
1

1
1
A
1
t
N O 0 0 Q O ? N
rr ) rr) O
0

0

N

LL-
Q

z^ O ?
00
-O
U r?
W
/?
V / ,
(n
/?
C 0
(f) C/')
O
O " N +'

U 0

0

O
CD

O
N O 0 0 C O d - N
d - d - ? q r- r) n ro
4 G @ j ui U0 14 A@J-?

I
J

?
I 11 1

1
I 1
I 11
?i
i ,
+ I
I

I

G

? I I
1 I
, I

I j

I I I '
I
I I
I I
I I i ,
i I

y I
G
a
M
N
O
M
O
O
N
O
c
m
11

1

[l

1
1
1
N O 0 0 Q 0 d - N
d - O

O

0

N

N
LL

O -?

O Ln 00
+
-r
T U

?
U I?
Ljj d °
cn cn
' Q
U I V'

U 0

O
N O 0 0 Q 0 d - N
d - d - ? ? ? rl -)
J a a j Ui U OIJ D n aJ _?

I

I?

I r? ?
? 1
I I 4S
C

a

I
1

I

I I
•
I

I w.
/,
1 I { I I •1. I
¦I /
I I I ; I II

?
I I I
IS - I

I
I y I
I I
I / 1
/ I
/ I
I
I

I
?

I

1 I I
I/
1/

I

_

-

-

-

-

y
- I

- -
* /
I
/ I
-I-

_

-

r ?

?-

-

-
? /
I I
/

I /
/
r *-
I
/ I I co
LL
O
N
O
O
O
N
r
O
C
.D
r_

t
1
1

fl

t

1

t
1

APPENDIX D
Hydrographs for On-site and Reference Groundwater Gauges
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11-Jul-2003
01-Jul-2003
21-Jun-2003
11-Jun-2003
01-Jun-2003
22-May-2003
12-May-2003
02-May-2003
22-Apr-2003
12-Apr-2003
02-Apr-2003
?j 23-Mar-2003
13-Mar-2003
V 03-Mar-2003
= 21-Feb-2003
i 11-Feb-2003
y? 01-Feb-2003
22-Jan-2003
12-Jan-2003 0
,C 02-Jan-2003
4) 23-Dec-2002
L. 13-Dec-2002
03-Dec-2002
23-Nov-2002
U 13-Nov-2002
m
J 03-Nov-2002
(V 24-Oct-2002
14-Oct-2002,
04-Oct-2002,
24-Sep-2002,
14-Sep-2002,
41 04-Sep-2002,
25-Aug-2002,
15-Aug-2002
O O O O O O O O O
CO N r-
? CV M d' LO
(seg3ui) gldea joiem
1
I
1
1
I
I
1
t
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
N
V
L
L
V
V
J

11-Jul-2003
26-Jun-2003
11-Jun-2003
27-May-2003
12-May-2003
27-Apr-2003
12-Apr-2003
28-Mar-2003
13-Mar-2003
26-Feb-2003
11-Feb-2003

27-Jan-2003
12-Jan-2003
28-Dec-2002
13-Dec-2002
28-Nov-2002
13-Nov-2002
29-Oct-2002
14-Oct-2002,
29-Sep-2002,
14-Sep-2002,
30-Aug-2002,

15-Aug-2002,
O O O O O O O O O
C O N ? -
N
cY
) d
- L
O
?
(se g3u i) ul dea aai sM
1
1
1

t

t

I
I
1
24-Jun-2003
14-Jun-2003
04-Jun-2003
25-May-2003
15-May-2003
05-May-2003
M 25-Apr-2003
15-Apr-2003
05-Apr-2003
26-Mar-2003
16-Mar-2003
06-Mar-2003
V
= 24-Feb-2003
i 14-Feb-2003
y? 04-Feb-2003
25-Jan-2003 0
15-Jan-2003
,C 05-Jan-2003
L 26-Dec-2002
(.? 16-Dec-2002
06-Dec-2002
26-Nov-2002
_I 16-Nov-2002
06-Nov-2002
27-Oct-2002
17-Oct-2002,
07-Oct-2002,
27-Sep-2002,
17-Sep-2002,
07-Sep-2002,
O O O O O O O
N co It LO
(seg3ui) uldaa aajsM

7

1
I

I
I
1

I
L
V
J
i
12-Jun-2003
02-Jun-2003
23-May-2003
13-May-2003
03-May-2003
23-Apr-2003
13-Apr-2003
03-Apr-2003
24-Mar-2003
14-Mar-2003
04-Mar-2003
22-Feb-2003
12-Feb-2003
02-Feb-2003
23-Jan-2003
13-Jan-2003 Q
03-Jan-2003
24-Dec-2002
14-Dec-2002
04-Dec-2002
24-Nov-2002
14-Nov-2002
04-Nov-2002
25-Oct-2002
15-Oct-2002,
05-Oct-2002,
25-Sep-2002,
15-Sep-2002,
05-Sep-2002,
26-Aug-2002,
16-Aug-2002
1
O O O O O O O
vl- CN co It LO
(seg3ui) i4ldea aaisM
N
L
V
V
J
LJ
12-Jun-2003
02-Jun-2003
23-May-2003
13-May-2003
03-May-2003
23-Apr-2003
13-Apr-2003
03-Apr-2003
24-Mar-2003
14-Mar-2003
04-Mar-2003
22-Feb-2003
12-Feb-2003
02-Feb-2003
23-Jan-2003 >+
t?S
13-Jan-2003
03-Jan-2003
24-Dec-2002
14-Dec-2002
04-Dec-2002
24-Nov-2002
14-Nov-2002
04-Nov-2002
25-Oct-2002
15-Oct-2002,
05-Oct-2002,
25-Sep-2002,
15-Sep-2002,
05-Sep-2002,
26-Aug-2002,
16-Aug-2002
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
?- N M It LO
(sauoui) uldea aaisM
1
1
1
t
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
M
.?C
L
V
V
tt's
J
4-0

24-Mar-2003
14-Mar-2003
04-Mar-2003
22-Feb-2003
12-Feb-2003
02-Feb-2003
23-Jan-2003
13-Jan-2003
03-Jan-2003
24-Dec-2002
14-Dec-2002
04-Dec-2002 Q
24-Nov-2002
14-Nov-2002
04-Nov-2002
25-Oct-2002
15-Oct-2002,
05-Oct-2002,
25-Sep-2002,
15-Sep-2002,
05-Sep-2002,
26-Aug-2002,
16-Aug-2002
O O O O O O O
(seg3ui) uldea aaisM
18-Jun-2003
03-Jun-2003
19-May-2003
04-May-2003
19-Apr-2003
04-Apr-2003
20-Mar-2003
05-Mar-2003
28-Jan-2003
13-Jan-2003
C3
L 29-Dec-2002 0
14-Dec-2002
V 29-Nov-2002
J
14-Nov-2002
30-Oct-2002
15-Oct-2002,
30-Sep-2002,
15-Sep-2002,
31-Aug-2002
16-Aug-2002
O O O O O O O O
N r- N co NT LO
(smpui) gldea joiem
12-Jun-2003
28-May-2003
13-May-2003
28-Apr-2003
13-Apr-2003
29-Mar-2003
14-Mar-2003
t,n
27-Feb-2003
Q? 12-Feb-2003

28-Jan-2003

i 13-Jan-2003

V 29-Dec-2002
V
14-Dec-2002
R?
29-Nov-2002
14-Nov-2002
30-Oct-2002
15-Oct-2002,
30-Sep-2002,
15-Sep-2002,
31-Aug-2002

16-Aug-2002
O O O O O O O O O
M N ? - N M

(se g3u i) Ljjdea aaj sM

v 0
m o
V
N O
a)0) pa1 OOQ/d) 0p? O 0/ D) W A
N N N N N N N N N N N?? N N N N O G
.P A .A A .P A ? A .P A .A fa .P .P .P .P to
d 7
? a
0
O vOCi
A A .1a o. A A AAA A W W W W W W W p
(DOD V 0)(n W N-?O PO --4 m()1 W NO?•
N Gn(M vl in0 AWIV 0MOW0 OIJ L4
n
m
O° Qpp°p°° O?p° pC ppQ° pO° pp° b? n
$go
0g6
O O O O O O
W N N N? N N O N?-Ln J N° N N m
n
w
7
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N (Op
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W C
d
3
0
v
A W W w W NNNt j p7_ ? ?.ap0 » 6 ii OODD 0)AN? NA?(NON O) 00) m
N
G2
G
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p Op 0 0 0 0 0 0
J W0 b. W N-4O O W OD OV 0? NA A_
10 A
U N co O 0) 3 Q 0 N N W
<n Cnn W V V O 0)
v ?
0
m m O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O Q
AA A.A AAAA?A?. AA A?A
O
7
m a
0
7
(A
v
A A W W W W W W W W W N NOD 0) S N U)) S
N O (D W V O V7 A W N O fD ?•
(J N 0)-)OD W W W (D 10 00 -4 01 W W N A
(D n
m
a
m v X v m
CD
.r (D
ti

0) N_

(O

O N

to

O V)

U2

0)
m

Q

N

?a
O
n
O
N

Ja
O
n
O
N

.A
0
N

A -O

C
0
C Q Q
Q O. .
w m .? m
m m

0 S -+ 0 S N D 7' N D S
? v N u1 S /9 W ? fD 'p wS N
m 0
m m 0
m m n
m m 0
m
n O D W

g b g b? o bC

w m
00
? S
w
w S

cyl

O m

D
m
(n

Oo

7
CD

W

7
CD

O ?

m
W < N C O 9 O
0 0 0 0
m o y 0 Di 0 D?
»
m f » f m
A N
' W m m
l m -4
3
3 3 3

N O WO W

W 1
A
O J
J
10
T 0)
N
A o)j
V O
O d)
v T
CD 0 (D
N 0 m
0) 94 C)
N 0 CL N 0
o .
., a --
C
C O G
O 7
m o. m
0

v v
_
, ?
W j S W
OD
co •

m V S

w
m ? m
m
n

0 v 0 o

m O m
Cl) 2
to
CL
A
O m
Q 0
O
0
Q m a N
0
m v H v

G _
N C
G _
,
N
? j ? W S
w 0 ?o
I
D
m so
m
O
m n
m
G D

pp?
o°ooo ° °
o $
o
poo
$oc
p
oo
Oo?

o

o
o

L

°
o
IN
I
o
oIN
o
?
°
°
°
o
J? )
7b
N
O O)
OI Nm
0

W

W
?
'
'(D

00
I
m

co
N ?
O
f
0
N 01 N N 01 N N
N
n n
m w w ?
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N ry
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- N
W
CC N
W
C N
N ry
CC N m
N C-C
G G G G
Q. a n. o. o.
p O O O O
w
W W NNNNNN?-+?-+? X000
W W VMW OOD 0)m W tJ W Wg N

»
m

O N

»

V ID

`t N

1D m
C) W A O(D N O)07A ODA 00)A m m N 01 m m 01 m m m
3
3 3 3 3
O o p p o o p o p l O 1 $
l 9 11 °"
P P P P P P
_ o°ccoocooo?
U t A W N O I D O O D V W 0 f J i A A W
0) <D N 6f f0 W J
W OI O) (O
J
N ? of °

j
O
N Af0 O) W tD OD (D
V
0 3. A
N
j0 jNOD
ANfDAW W V V W V OD
N V W JCO 0w w W A? N A J A W N
11
v
CD
n
v
c
N
m
w
O
m
o`
c
(D
m
0
T 0
o l
a w
N H
M y
CL
o
0 O
X o
w 0
0
N (p
m 3
m
m
3
'0
O
? O -{ `L
w
s
(D m
N
CD cD
c
Q
j O
N o
» O
N ?
3 0
0 w
CD N
_ C
D) m
CL
N M
m S
m m
3 m
7 =
m
CL
? w
CL
0
D D.
m m
O O
SD
:E 3
CA O
C 0
ID 0
0 x
CD m
C4 Q
O
CD 3
CD m
w 3
nw
SC
CD D
w N
"O N
m
O O
n 0
O
CD. o.
(Q
O
v K. p o o • 3 o v
m v
m o
N
0 M CD
N m N m CD
N CD
N (p
CD N N

O

X

p) _•
O

K
n

m -• _

rn
O C

'gy
-
rn
'O
m
•G
n
.
o?
'D"
A
C
O
N

a?
. m

?c
?

N n A -C
A A n
m .p '
^
? (
p
A .A,
C"
G
? .
?
N A
? -
i
F
w
m C
w
m Dr
go w
m amc
A
m
m (p
0
A
rv ? ? ? ? m m

W
N v
4Ln
m
A O
N
m
0 0
pS a
3
p 0

3 m
m
Q

S o;
S

w
N n ?
m l
m
OIS
N m
Of w S
fD w C
C
d) w w
92 O
w
Q
W w
(C
J w =f
0

vi
m
3
m
0
m
m =
m
-m.
m
a

B
a
3
O
9

m o

b oII^?^ d ob?

O

0
3 °b?

S O =

b
o 9
O D ::t
0
0
O
OW m
N m
?
N m
co m CD
-
(J m
cc m
.m.
m
N
d
N m w
(Q
z 3

V
n
v
n
0
n
S
v 0

m
w N N (
CD
m
7 m 7 3
NfD Nm Nm NN N Nm ?O NB N ry C

0 CC
G m CC
G `?
a N
a n n O'1 n a m
(D
=r Er v O
a
.a p ^' O g
^. o »
W p O »
W D O »
W O m p
( °*
o
O
pW O CD
'
W O m O
7
N
?I N w
rnm3- tD y Dj
-'m3- A N Di
A?3- W N w
Nm3- V
w
Am w
3- 6i N w °

3- O w O

3- v

p ?
O
O $
O
p ( o o
C
V G
fW0 C
N G
00

N co

G)

?
to
N

O
CA
t
1
1
i
1
1
i
1
APPENDIX E
Shear Stress and Stream power Worksheets
Manning's "N" Results
I

t
I

1
r

f

1
co
LO
O?
v
.a
O
N
C
3
0
V
C)
C
.y
7
0
E
L
d
N
----r---- r---_r-_-- ----r----r----r---- ----r----r---- ---- ---- ---- ,..........;
I I
I I i i
?1 Oi Oi O Mi '14: i Ni N q1 -71 Oi Ln N q Uo
V O)I O)I m1 O (p1 ol NI Lo MI Lot t-- 1 O Lo loi loi
N r•, ?i .-I N loi (O1 001 00 MI MI 'd': V M ?i NE

1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1

1

? 1

? M1 O) N1 CO i Oi 1

^ NI NI M O
?ti W
i
C I I MI M NI NI LQ1 (O I ?I O)I O) m O: q
G) oI oI oI O ?-? ?? ?? oI ol ol o O - OE

h---- h---- h---- ---- i____i---- i____ ____ ____

07 001 001 col M co: mI MI M 00: m1 M1 M co N NE
Q O I
O OI
o I
0
O O I
o 0 1 I
O
O O I
o O I
O' I
01
O 0
OE
O
O I
O, I
01 I
OI
O I
01 01
q1 I
of
O I
OI
Oi
01
O O
O
O E
Oi
N Oi Oi Oi O Oi of of O of of Oi O O of of
I I I
----4----4----4---- 1 1 I
-------------- 1 I 1
---- ----
____
____

?
I
col
N 1
co
co i
L
O
O
co I
(O
tt i
O
N i i

?p
M
MI mI
1
' (01
col
o j
a. O
Ini
ao C
OI
co N ?
oo? ?I
ao aoI
co N O)
(o
€
€
a 71
-1 7
.-1 of ? 1
.-I ,
?I l
?I rn
.- .- 1
?I ? rn
.- •= r
? r
?€

_ I
----?- I
- -? I
----?-
--- 1
--- - 1
--- - 1
---?
---- 1
----i- 1
---L- 1
--A-
---
----
----?-
---
1
I 1
1 1
1 1
t 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
o1 o1 o1 0 01 o1 oI O 0 1 01 01 o 0 0 O
a o1

M1 01

M1 of

MI 0

M 1

' 1

I 01

(01 0

O s1

V I s

V I o1

m o

(O 0

O 0:

N 0
:
N:
0 V o o 0 1 - N i
V I
'? q I
?' 1 ( (
i (
I ? 1 r (01 1 r- 1 r co i
I i
(r
1
1 1
1 01
I Lo NI
I N 1 I N I
1 N NI N. NI N N N Ni
1 1 1
____ 1 I 1
____4____4____4____ I I 1
---- ----
____
____
I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1
m oI o1 o f o o1 o1 o1 0 o1 o1 01 o O of of
Q o1 OI o1 O ol ol ol 0 OI o1 ol 0 o of Oi

'p NI
.-I NI OI O NI
(VI N,
NI MI
N1 M
N NI
(VI NI
NI MI
(VI CO
N O
(V
(N
NE
I
I I
I 1
1 1
1 I
I 1
I 1
1 1
I I
1 i 1

I
I
1
1
I
I
1
1 -
1 --- ---- ------ ---
L 01 of Oi a of Oi i
O O Oi of i
c O O of
O i
0
ol oI oI o oI oI oI o a1 c1 ol o 0 of C5
'Q d)1 0). U')1 (7 01 01 01 O 0, OI 01 O O O O
O). Oil 061 O M N1 H1 M NI Ni Mi M (V i
N i
N
MI M1 (oI LO N1 NI N1 N N1 NI N1 N N t
---- ---- ----
Oi of of o Oi Oi Oi O of Oi OI O O co O
0I oI OI o ol 01 oI o OI ol ol o 0 0:
: of
` O, 0 1 91 O q1 O I q 1 O q I O 1 O 1 O O :
q o l
Ni co i
? 0i Ni (h i
? O)i (Vi M
)
1 1 tnI
1 Lo I
1 `tI
I v):
1 Ln I
1 dI
1 mI
I Lf

(oI
i loI
" i OI
to i W
M NI
to I NI
1 NI
Lo 1 N
1 d)I
001 O)I
001 d)I
O O) LO (N1 O)i
:
C ?1 e
r1 .-1 OI -
OI OI O OI 01 I
OI CO
O r
O r` :
Oi C4:
171

OI
61
O: .
O .
O?
ol
ol
O
O?
O?
Oi
O
O
O
O
_---4- ---4- ---4- --- ----4- ---4- ---4 ---- --
--
4-
i
---4-
i
---4-
---
- -
4-
---'
M 1 N Lo! Lo! Lo! Lo U) I Lo I (o I LO N U) i (n

---- ---- --------!
u) m Lo m in ! m 1 LO I (n Lo € LO:
O'
1 O'
I O'
I O O'
1 O' 01 O NI N1
0 NI
0 N
O 0 NE
O -i
O
a1 of of o O1 I
o; 1
o' o 01
61 .
O1 ,
of o O j i
O
I
OE
---- ____ _________i
1
to I I
to I 1
Lo 1
N 1 1 1 1
to I 1
Lo I I
(f) i
Lo
Lo '
i '
M Ni Ni N1 N Oi Oi Oi O Ni Ni Ni N N
C OI OI OI O

O. I

o

O?

O OI OI
OI
O
O

O:

O:
Oi
I
I 0i
I
I 0i
1
1 o 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 Oi
1 Oi
I Oi
1 O O

I I 1
----4----4----4----
1 1 1
---- ---- I
1
---- 4- I 1
1 1
-------- 4----

----

-_--?----i
Lo 1 Lo 1 Lo i Lo Lo to: Lo

C 1
01 1
01 1
O'
O 1
1 1
' 1
' N I
' N I
1 N I
' N N N i N

I
I
I OI OI OI O O
1 0
1 O
1 O O O; O:
o' 01 O' O ' ' I 01 OI OI O O Oi O
i of of 0i o 0 0: Oi
I I I I 1 I 1
N I Lo 1 Lo I Lo Lo I Lo I Lo l Lo Lo U); (o
01
I OI O1 O 01
OI ol
OI 01
01 O
O OI
01 ol
O OI
0 O
O O
O Oi
O o
f
O
Ol
I O:
I Ol
I O of
I of I

I Ol
I o 61
1 I
O:
I 1
Ol
I o O i
Oi of

NI NI NI N NI NI NI N NI NI NI N N NE Ni
01
Oi
I OI
Oi
I OI
Oi O
O OI
Oi OI
Oi q1
di O
O 01
Oi OI
Oi OI
Oi O
O O
O OE
OE Oi
0i

I
I
I
1 I 1 1 1
1

1 1
1 1 I ____
I 1
1 1 1 ------
1
I ---

1 ----

I ____ ____
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 I
1 1
1 1
1

L I

1 1

1 1

I 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 I
1

N
1
1
I 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
I 1
1
:

L

m1

a1

?1

U

`- i
U

?
1
Q
1
0
i
U
w?
c
?€
m al p1
a . 0 a o c i
3i E
y ?r LT m1 (LI1 N1 a) m1 a)1 a)I a) ?:

1

?I

OI

OI (n

O

'a fA1

O N1

O U)

O
i:

t
•X N N (n 1 Da QI a I
(n I
W I
W CL
I
w x1
LL x1
w x
w pI OI OI O 1 01 01 O
m o a1 aI a o ELI a1 a 0: o
1
I 1
I 1
I a1
I 1
I I
EL I
1
1 ?'
,;; I I I I I ? I
I
1
H I I 1 1

0

1

I
I
I
1
I
I
I

I

1

.
____
n
N
(A
m
U
7
f0

i.
N
Q.
Q
O
19
a)

i

1
1

APPENDIX F

1
1

Waste Analysis Report

C
-
J °
0
Y y ?

U U-i
CL)
J L
aj
C:,_
M O E
O
N
L O v LU
v
U O
y o

z C \ ? ??

O p Q ?
C

O
m ?
C
?-
N N
L
O j .,
a ?
NO
C
-
O
W O
Zz cc)
c

N
Z c
O L O U
O
O
O
O = O
CD
Ci U aJ

z
O
?
CIO
U
? o
O
O
S .?
O
Y
ar

y

m co

0
.
O
dJ co CQ -Q Sj

L.0 r o?
O
co
O
U 1-
M ? s
M
n
^
?

^ O
0 a
cr)
o j
1

C
fl O N F-
.
d O
O
C-9 N p
n U C7
co L-
CD
-
d L O C

U o vO- °
`
z ? Y

L
O
?
O
Y
N _
?
?
? O v C
?' C
r
C6 Q O?cp Co
c
C
O 0 O C
uO

Ca L
a) CI- N ?D

Z c0 .

L
R
c
V

o
C
^ cc
N
O
U co
C a
z o u
cc -ac
U Q a
n
N
M
Y
O O v ° s

. N M
R u
O
O L
O o
-
M
? co
L- v M `c

Ca
.2
N l O O
~ CD -CD t
v)
C
?
N CS C
.. _ .:= :'. M O O O f
O ..
O
°
CC) a o> `

f

O
cc
N
T J
O c
CL)
'
L
cr h...
:
. O a

O O
U C

'
O O C

c
0
Q - d =
4J
N L
(a) E ?
3°o = S

U U
ca N

`D
?

u

Q - CD

a
z cn rpv
v
i
i? ? Q

U J O
? CQ C j _d
d
Q

O cc

v W n

U Q c
yQ o

Q C

U ?

CO
C
M
N

O U +.+
C
O

Z
o
O
C
C ?
O
O
LLJ
U O Z w
O ? O U
? O
O
O
N o 2 _ ?

U C1
aJ
p M E
O
O _
ca
cD o y
O J O U

O ?

Zn
m 0
?

N
O o)
?
? ?
v Q S

O
~ o_
I- in
f3
cc
?

47
O

N
C T
N v
N O
L
`
O
U c?

U v
O N
S. o c
ti o E
O
L

d
N
N
o
a)
-0 C n C
O Y ^ ? cv ?a
O N ca
N 'n r
c

c
C 0 O Q
c

R
v
?D
.O f:
cv `

Z cD
.?
cD
iv z

Lr) 7

z U co

o a

CK3 c

i

° a
- Y
N N

U) o
°
v
L
O Q- O _
-
R M
z
z i C
z
Z
? 3?
mz ? o
z ° f
J U O -o `u
: N
? O O
J
O
) C .O p 0 0 0
i
o ti
E
E
O
.
.o?
'
v
' 4
? ca ?
N J ? O
. C.P) N ¢ Q N 0!:
Q
c

U O J
W
J
?

00
}

c
U W
U
U Q
O H
z -a
o ? ? m
o ? o

? a
m ? z
CD Ci
C?j
E
z

d

U W

?

zo
r
O

a ? ? z

` L

C
CC O

? 'Q ?

Q `r
1
v
? m

L

O
N U o
M O
M
O
O
?
'a N
n
M
W
CO CD o
Ln O
1 O
1
? N -
U
CO CD (Q L W M

N U oo U U- CD
O L
U N w

0'1 z S2
_
O O
°? O
a
to C
C
C a + O
co C
L-

C
,
N

Z

cn
O N
v
( z
a? C
U

U N co
O
Q) N O
O L Q co
O O C o
M
d
CU

O

p a?
Z

0
m Z Z Z
? O
N
O
N

CJ N
C O
C p
CD O
O
v?

- c

O
L
O v0-. O C c

Q
Cu O 'O CD
U a O
E o 0
o
-a E
U E V)
Q)
" N a m
cu
cn
cn
n
n
? o35
=
Q
i
m am mw m am" am" ? A mm am m ? ? ? m
TO
-0 0 o
ID ID m o TO
3
v o v ID
m o y m o N o Q
rn m rn m n
14
0, 0) NOC' Q NOC, Q N0 Q NOC QA
o A C
A C O A C O A C O
O
0-
ID C 7 ID 7 ID 3 ID 7
0
N ,
O y O N v v=i O o
N N N N n n
O O S S M
S O S :A' ? S O T ?00 A0) A W d N 0
ID N
CD n ID m m n ^a
ID ID ID ID
O N 0 o 0 4 0 D o o W o
Wb wI co
0 S 3
ID ID ID ID
? = 7 7
7 ? N ID
W -C W? N WC N C-C
C ? G C
CL G O
O .Ort.. D O
ID V ID V ID a M
O1 tnO W O NO
rt NI i »
N ID m cn ID m N ?D m
3 3 3 3
W V O
DNj O W
to W N
(p? O OD
O> V tp
v
'o
0
Q
Q
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O C C C O O O C O 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
00000000000000000
00.. 00 00000000
tntntntn W mcnN mmomtnNtno
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Op O O O O O
O O O OOS O O O O O O O S 000 Ila (n o((A 0011 to to N vi m ch ncn to cNn tNn
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ooGOOOoooGooooGOo
N tNif NNN(N7INNNNN N(NJINNN 1Nf1
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O C C O O G O C 1 C G C 01 0 0 0 O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N 0I N N N N m o o N N N N N N N
0
-a
N
ID
W
.Wi
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
oQQQQAQQQQQQQOQQ
GGGGG$GGGGGGGoGG
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0p 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nt1101NO NNNN NNOIN f1101N
7
N
O O O O O Q Opp O O O p O O Opp O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
NNNNNNNt11NCA NNNNNal
W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O C O G O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N CNJI CNJI N N N N N N (N71 CN71 CN71 N
7
A
0 0 0 0 o G o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
G OC G Otp?G OO C 000000
tNi1NN(n CA ti tntnln01l11NNtNi1NN
N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N W N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
bbbbbbOCCCocGCoCO
000 000 00 W 0000000000000tWD (WD IWO
W W W W W W lJ W W W W W W W W W W
goo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
g?00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
8888885008 80 000
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
V V -p 41 V V 1 V01 V -I 1" ;J VN -I -4 71 :I v
O O Oa S 88 O 88 S O C888
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
fD fD ....... NO... DG
000000000 0 00000
0000p0000000op0p00Q0p0p0
O N O O O O w O o y m p 0 0
W N N 4m /11 w N W N V to tltlll f77
Oot0p0 W O S Aopopop b. o0 O0VoN W00? o O 0000
W NO OODODO W ? O
A A A t m A A A A W W W W W W
w V 9) W N-+Otlo V W ppN0
(11 t11 U1 Ul f11 M A W IJ 0 fb O W 001 IV V
N N N N N-(110101 N OINK N N N
OOOODO OlpOp OCQ??O Qp000oODO OpO7 ?pOp 0pOD OOOpoO
(Wp tD tOO f?O? W fOO IO tD (OOD IO tO 102 T
N N N t N 11 t N 11 t 101 N N t N i 11 N n t N n N N M N
O-t-cc0 ?Z.Dh SA J? AwZ W W W AW W
N N N N N 1.? N N N N N N N N N N C
N N" P N 1y N N N N N N .... Q
G G o 0 o g o 0 0 0 O O o 0 0 o s
N N N N N ly N N N N N N N N N N ID
tJ IV IV IV N N N N tJ N !j IJ N IJ N N S
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0100 W 00)01 '1001 W m000*
O O O O O g 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
2
a
?71-' m
?????????''°-
ao 0o ao 0o w OD OD OD OD OD Oo ao ou OD ao
0
00Ooo QQOQOOQOoOO
g
i3 w 05 -4 gg$s sgg$s$CMQ
01 N 01 01 01 W 0 W N V N N N
G
m
0
0
O O O Q O Gy O O QN?.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,Z'
Bobo bo11 W OD :J V tV11 W ?000 rn a?000
W v
A A W W 4) W W W W W W N N N p
N O tD W (^L'{ 0/ 01 A W N O 10 W O) S
4) zn G) V OD fDw W WvW W -+OD?
ID

n o ?i
qb t7
(.? E G
"" Ip n
4W E R p?Ipp0 pn,
IJ @ S
"' ??IIppp
IJ P n
°
N
O?]p l?SS p 444p77T
p IISS M
w N
W
N
Ng
N
I
? 2
M Y w n p
n
d
? o
W? I? D
i,V LL
i1V oo °,
D ?
_
N
Ob
MMM m
Sb
111000 P
000P Ip
IIWWOO N
n v

p
N
R m W

N
1O '°

N
-Rio
W

-
21 142
r -°a 0 r r
Y
?< ? Y Y

n R
g
?
I w q N u
W A 'C'
0

N£
N
N 0
No
WE
N
m 0
'
m£
N
+ 0

o£
W
m ?
a ' ?'
v o u
a?3
?

W
O

O
N
w
W
O

O
?
N
m
m

O

N A
m 0
U

O'Y

m • ?

N

^
vo
°m°maaAm°m Am Aw oao?a°mmm Am Am Am mA am m Am °m ?. °o n'
n?

N N N N N N N N N N N N _+ r ??
N pp
m °i N A U P N U' N U m m N J N na
6
N
+ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N W
ID W IDmOON++NN W AAmm W V mPO
IV at IJ W O i O W P W i0 i O m W t0 V A N
.•

Y
N N N ?NJ N N NNW W W W
W A m N W m V V m 0 m 0 0+ N °
m
N m N'yN ?N" jmN ? N ?OmN?D W W W
A N? 0? N a V N m W AWN W
NUN + w U m S P U V A U W m W m O N
W A W W O m A W m m Otli V V 0 f D
+ N + + m++ + + + + + + + U
ppo?SSA OmYO V A+SNNmtmllNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 O SSO 8 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

O S 0 8 0 0 0 0 S O S S 0 0 0 0
S 0 8881
m 0P P m m m m m P m m m m P P w m P m m
NNNwmmmoooopmwmmmmommm •?
N N . i . i N i N N A ±++ +NNNN N N
a a A A a a A A A A i A r-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •
m

O O O O O O
Y
O O O O ... O O O .....
yyy
??^
OP + O c 0 0 0 0 0 m m b N m N W V N A N?s
My°e
0o Po mo....
ONO ..... O A 00o N U V O N
O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 O O O V? W O m U N N 001 N W N
V V V m? W W
O+ S? O V
W p w V m O U W N+ E
W
p
p yy?? ep
O? O W Opa+NOtlS V NwIJ JSOB m W W
W + W W + m
0

m m U m U U U m m U01 u U m m °I m W U U m
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W ...... O
,,

n
02

n&
o
N N N N N N N u N N N N N N N?+?
m?
m N V N W N m N A U W U N U' f0T N b N ]9 p
O S
?.1
V V V m P m m m O O O+? N? W A A N N ONI
+mG?+tlN m lJ W OAbTi O? W f0i0 W fJ fO V? N$3
;'

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N W
W W W W A U U p p V V W 0 P 0 e
n
JCI+? m mtJ A ro#Niq u 1JdO UN mo 01 fJ II?G
pNU+m!2+aV J+mV'O1'WAOmi fn
V N W UUU000111111 +W 4f+0 W
W m Am W A W m V W W?mm p A W W m m V
N N N N N N N N N N N. N+.++++++
W+OONii N ............
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p O 8 O O 8 O5? p O O O O O 8 O O p O O
0 0 5 0
S
o
QW S S O O O 25 $ O O O O
O
o 0
m P O O p P P O P O? O P P P m P m m m m
mPPP mpP ONNPNNNImN °a
N
NNpyf°S. N N??LI
N
.
t A A A A A A i i i i i A
i.i
i
i
P o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0•
wwww.wwwww?w..+wwwwwwww ga
=°n
0 0 0 0 0 0 o O c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m
+-_- coooo.

O O m O ro m m
' ' + 0 0p pOOmV
W m A W+ O O m W ?1 W O O m a N+ G7 V
W W N O m m W O V m O P a m N m m O N A
O O O O a o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
. O O O
I O O o O O.
O O O O
O
?
m
m
O m
?V
I
i??£
A w N i O m
P
J
V
m
OO
m m m O ??
m+ W A W V
U
y
Y
11ro W
AA W NONlN?ImOro VN± V mN W mNl
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
........ NNNN .... NNNN IJ
NNNNNN NN N NNNNN N NNN N NNN N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N
... -Mg
mmmmmm mmmm WWWP prnmm m
N NNNNNN N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O 0 0 0 0 c
C C O O' OO C' 0 0 0 0
. 96
O O O S O S S 8 O O O O O 0 0 0 0
O S o 0 0 O O C
P P P p m U m O? W V VP V V O wm W W W p
m P A N P A N Wo W A N V W A N
p W W W W P N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N A+ NA
A A A A a A A A A A A A A A i A A A
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z87"888888
N m W A+ W w
0 0 0 O O O O
oco°oooo
m V V O V V V W
N VVV ANO m
m A W 0 tap m V
W N+ N 0 V P U
0 0 0 0 .... .... O
J-J l J ? ?. ?4 ?l J l! J ?4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O
0 0y m m W m 0 O O O o O
WO?41? N O V A V u! W W +
0 0 0 0 O O O O D O O O
o'
V O N W m V W t W N m ?
p?±{i N Oep m V PN A W
AWN + N m m V W m A W N
U m m N N m m m m m m m .So m m m
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
N NNNNNN N N N pt. N N N N N N N N N
..... w W W (.1 W.- W W W W W W W W W
N
NNNNNNN N .... N N N N ....
.w ...... .. W W W W fJ W W W W W (J
........ .... ... N
V 174 V V 11 V V V V V V V V V V IN V V
m o,o el ow a, o,w W mw W clma,m mowo P P
NNNNNNN N
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 O
p
o O S S 0 0 0 S
+ S.22-ma o 8 pp
O $ O
.11. 0 0 0 0 O S S O O

M,
O O S S m m i N m
N V
O? m p p w W w

NNNNNNN N q N

N N IJ P P P P
N N N N W
N N N N
A A A A A A A A A i A i A A A A A A i A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 O
w w w w w w w V
W V V V V
.... I V V V V V V

W
W ... ....
cop99?0°
+
8 oomc coon OOOO o

U V m N O W
V 91r,
m V W f0
V W m
A O w N m A+ V W P
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pp 0 0 0 0 O
p
Co S SS m V 00 oOg OW 1t01100i 0
G .0001 1
01100
2
V m W N O p p N
A V O N A V N N pp
t V 0 m V
.
>
a V m N A
W A 4p N
V N V N N V N

V
m p V
W A t m m V N V N

V m m m A V W W N N W W A

m W++
9 n
°m
n?
n o
a°
H
°
m
o m
IIGG?oa
y <
N
d
£
V m
O
rp?5j O n
a?
0 v°
°
J
n
A j
?03
°
£
@{ %
Pln ? m
NW ? m
?DW O ??pp
'In
Q
pop
' D n
ro
CC. o
7-1 1M
W
CC?? pn0
O
WG ?
O ? ?
U
A mP ? w °
Kc n
41? q
W1? a
4f? L
fJ1V m
S N m P
W S m ^ m
i?? fn

r i?° m

y 0 A?• W
m
+° A? o W

y 0
y <
m g a < Z<
WH Y <
A O <_ m N
A 0
Rio mn iO pig pig
?^
am
a

m E
?
W c
?£
m
V c
o£
w
W c
m£

P
A y ? £ °
Y 3
n ?
O

O O

O O

O O
N?N
O N X
N
^?
lJ
W +
V +
V
?

1yD? 9
WYI O
P 9
N?Y L
m °
m ?
° V?
a q
p.
n a n ?
°
??I?pppp po
WP S
aw I?py
W14
GG ??pn (oL
Nle o
b % L
NIT
I
S o
? 7
N 2
lS?
Wy} -
C o W! N I
??SS
}
NIS O
o

mFu q
3E s
. S
WW m N
i e y i
?e i119 i1?4
<
W?2. Oa G
N??^ < Y
N? n
??Ip
^m
Y
w m
? W
N
w m
O d
V
N m
O d
m
n
C

O

N£
N ?
O

m£
m
O
O
?£
?
O
Om
A£
N .T
d G 2
16
m?3
?
O

IV
W O

0
fJ
N lmll

o
N
m ?

m Y T
W
om
p
O
A? ? A? M
n A? n
Ilgp ?
IS II(pP bbbbb'''"

? I J
CCC
_ CCCC C
3
og ug
P
m
S CCCCGGGG1 N
p LLLLLGGGGGq° N
O1
?$ 0 '0
???`•1 O ?p
???y N n
p?'a3
1
°gm"a #1.a P13

N H
° O
° ° 8
t.
O
'
NE
A O

?E
w O

oJ£
w
A •
O
cw3
'+
? N WW
N
^ ? pN?
^
O
N O
N O • y1
IJ
N ? °
o • ° 3
a n
O ? a N
m C 0
0 ° A
? o
aQ
3 c
3
S ? d
b
n
? O
v -OJ
3 ?
P. 3
rv ?
3 w
w m
° N