990032_ENFORCEMENT_20171231

Re: Caudle
Subject: Re: Caudle
. From: Melissa Rosebrock <[e-mail]>
Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2009 10:15:00 -0500
To: "Everhart, Richard - Dobson, NC" <Richard. Everhart@nc. usda.gov>
LJ
CJ
0
Hey Dick,
Thanks for taking a look in the field on this one. From what I gather from your
email, option #1 (existing crossing) is the best option for ease of implementation
and maintenance? If so, that works for me.
E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina
Public Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.
Melissa Rosebrock '
[e-mail]
NC DENR - Division of Water Quality
585 Waughtown Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
PHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
On 3/4/2009 9;32 AM, Everhart, Richard - Dobson, NC wrote:
i Melissa
I went out with Greg and David Clay to survey for Twimann's stream
crossing. We looked at 3 different options; the existing crossing(l),
just downstream from the existing crossing(2) and downstream at the
lower end of the pasture(3). Option 3 has the lowest bank heights but
is located in a meander bend. There would be high stress on the outside
of the bend, particularly in light of the stream's rock bed, which
prevents it from developing a deep pool. Option 2 would take a 6 foot
deep cut. With 2:1 side slopes this would require grading at least 34
feet of bank on each side. To do this we would have to remove at least
12 trees and this would increase the potential for bank erosion. The
existing crossing is in a straight section of stream and has 8:1 slopes
on the entry and exit ramps. While the side slopes are steep, they are
stabilized by existing tree roots. My recommendation would be to clean
out the existing crossing, shape and stabilize the side slopes where
there are no tree roots and use cloth and gravel on the ramps. I've
discussed this with David Clay and he concurred. Let me know if this
will address the issue as you see it and we will provide Mr. Caudle with
a design. Call if you have any questions.
J. Richard Everhart
District Conservationist, NRCS [phone] ext.3
"r. ca_4. t 3to ? - 11 �3
l of 1 3/4/2009 1:19 PM

RECEIVED
ter-
y.C, r3ePi. of ENR
NC DENR FDEC 18 2W7
DSWC
Win stonSalerr
Regional Office
NORTH CAROLINA
AGRICULTURE COST SHARE PROGRAM
CONSERVATION PLAN OF OPERATION (CPO)
NC-ACSP-11
(12/98)
NAME: Twiman Caudle
ADDRESS: 3101 Reece Rd.
Boonville, NC 27011-8305
AGREEMENT NUMBER
99-07-13-16
BMP
ITEM
NO.
TRACT/
FIELD
NO.
PLANNED
TREATMENT
EST,
AMOUNTS
(UNITS)
AVERAGE
COST
$
COST
SHARE
%
ESTIMATED COST SHARE AND TIME
SCHEDULE BY PROGRAM YEAR (INCLUDE
OTHER COST SHARED FUNDING SOURCES)
PY 2007 PY PY
1
2069/
16-27
Watering System
Livestock Exclusion (non -electric)
4,800
$2.10
75%
$7,560.00
Gates
6
85.00
75%
$383.00
Well (75% of actual cost not to exceed
$3,000.00 charge to NCACSP
1
$4,000
75%
$3,000.00
Pump (75% of actual cost not to exceed
$1,000.00 charge to NCACSP
1
$1,333
75%
$1,000.00
Waterline
2,500
$1.75
75%
$3,281.00
Watering Tanks (75% of actual cost not to
exceed $600.00 charge to NCACSP
5
$800
75%
$3,000.00
Stone (20X20.5)x5
77
$18.00
75%
$1040.00
Geotextiles (20x2O)x5
222
$2.25
75%
$375.00
Q�d
$19,639.00
�.
�05rqa
Le % S , s a'' 19 639 = L �
Technical Representative
off F Date Cb5T '
sob 5 ILE
•
y�

NC.DEPNORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURE COST SHARE PROGRAM
DSWC CONSERVATION PLAN OF OPERATION (CPO) SUMMARY
NC-ACSP-11A
(0$12004)
NAME: Twiman Caudle
AGREEMENT NUMBER
TOTAL ACRES
ANIMAL TYPE AND
ADDRESS: 3101 Reece Road
AFFECTED
NUMBER
Boonville, NC 27011-8305
99-07-13-16
125
Beef Cow/Calf -75
TOTAL COST
TOTAL CONTRACT AMOUNT BY FUNDING
TOTAL SOIL LOSS
TOTAL NUTRIENT
TOTAL WASTE
SOURCE (Enter Funding Code)
REDUCTION
LOSS REDUCTION
MANAGED
Regular ACSP
TONSIYR
LBS/YR N LBS/YR P
LBSIYR N LBSIYR P
P205
$
$ 18,985,00
$ $
175
'Righest level of design approval: FIELD OFFICE _X_ AREA OFFICE STATE OFFICE OTHER
The Cooperator(s) has reviewed the Cost Share Agreement and CPO and agrees to apply the planned treatment according to the
standards and specifications as approved by the Division of Soil and Water Conservation. Failure to carry out the un-numbered
contract items (UN) does not constitute non-compliance with the contract. The Cooperator(s) agrees to maintain the striperopping
system for 5 years, long term no -till for 5 years, nutrient management plan for 3 years, sod -based rotation for a minimum of
months in sod, and all other practices for 10 years, except conservation tillage, which is an annual practice. . The Cooperator(s) also
agrees to fully implement the Waste Management Plan (WMP) that is part of the CPO. CPO and payment are contingent on
approval by NPS Section, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, NC DENR. Funding for this CPO is contingent upon final
annual allocation of State funds to the District. Installation may not begin prior to receiving approval from the Division, with
the exception of vegetative -only CPOs not exceeding $2500, as provided by the NC-ACSP-2 contract form, if chosen by the
cooperator(s).
pplicant:
Landowner (if applicable):
Technical Representative:
Design Approval Authority:
(Can be submitted separately from 11A)
Date:
Date:
Date:
Date. -
District Chair: Date:

Re: Info for new permittee and facility for BIMS
Subject: Re: Info for new permittee and facility for BIMS
From: Todd Bennett <todd. bennett@ncmail. net>
Date: Fri, 09 Feb 2007 15:09:39 -0500
To: [e-mail]
Look for Facility VNo5 - 99=32; Permit ;No: AWD990032-j
Todd
Melissa Rosebrock wrote:
Thanks Todd, for setting up this owner/facility!! Here's the info.
Name: Twiman Caudle
County: Yadkin
Mailing address: 3101 Reece Road
Boonville, NC 27011
Phone: [phone]
Lat/Long: 36 12 29.65N
80 41 03.23W
Type of operation: Beef cattle (cow/calf operation) If that's not a choice,
then use "stocker"
That's all the background I have right now. I'-11 enter the-NOV stuff after you
get it set up. No hurry, though. I've got plenty else to keep me busy!
Melissa
Melissa Rosebrock
NC DENR Winston-Salem Regional Office
Division of Water Quality, Aquifer Protection Section
585 Waughtown Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
Voice: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
Todd A. Bennett
Environmental Engineer
Animal Feeding Operations Unit
Aquifer Protection Section
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1636
919--715-6627 (office)
919-715-6048 (fax)
todd . bonnet t @ nc TV1 i I. net
I of 1 2/9/2007 3:18 PM

htipJ/maps.nwpcog.org/Freeance/Client/PublicKiosk] /printFrame.html
Selected Parcels Feature
General Information
NCPIN
580900284444
Tar Card
Tax Card
Acres
83.9
Owner Information
Owner Name
CAUDLE TWIMAN
Owner Name 2
Owner Address
3101 REECE RD
Owner Address
City
BOONVILLE
State
NC
Zip Code
27011
Property Information
Phyical Address
3101 REECE RD
Deed Book
95
Deed Page
181
Deed Sale
2000

ddkin_County
Map created by Yadkin County & Northwest Piedmont
COG.
Yadkin County Assumes no legal responsibility for the data on
this map. Please check with original source to verify data.
�n/ Roads
r/ Contour Index (104ee1)
Contour Linea (2-feet)
® rlood Zone
Parcels
Municipalities
Aerials 2007

Feb 02 09 08:35p Tritest Clemmons 3367662314 p.2
TRITEST
www.tritestincxom
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
February 2, 2009 PROJECT: CAUDLE- YADKIN COUNTY
CLIENT NAME
NC DENR DWQ WSRO
CLIENT NUMBER
80132
SAMPLE NUMBER
283971-01
283971-02
283971-03
WORK ORDER #
901-01099
COLLECTED DATE
1130109
1/30/09
1/30l09
RECEIVED DATE
1130109
1/30109
1130109 .
DESCRIPTION
CAUDLE
CAUDLE
CAUDLE
UPSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
OF BRIDGE
TEST
UNITS RESULTS
RESULTS
RESULTS DATE TIME
FECAL COLIFORM
#1100ML 110
218
320 1/30/09 1250
CERTIFICATION # NC 103
NC 37733
CERTIFIED BY: MORGAN TOWE
6701 Conference Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 6300 Ramada Dr., Suite C2, Clemmons, NC 27012 6624 Gordon Road, Unit G, Wilmington, NC 28411
Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone] Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone] Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone]

TRITEST
6701 Conference Dr[ :sleigh, NC 27607
ph: [phone] ,_-, %919) $34-6497
NGWW CertIG7• NCOW Cert#37731
Chain of �..ustody Tritest w.n.# ' t .
70
Report Results To: Bill To:
Company: NIL- D E Z— t ::.
Address:�`l`"_l l�:l��1r11� 1. r�1 ��(� ��(•:����;7. ��l:L�('.
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Phone: - 1�.' �." 'Fax:
Sampled by (signature): - ,: 1 ,t„ +' I fl�4'
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Project Reference:
Project Number:
Purchase Order #:
•.''Standard Report Delivery
❑ Rush Report Delivery (w, surcharge)
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Requested Due Date:
Sample Description
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Skirt Time
End Date -
End Time
Matrix
cw'V s
Analyses Requested
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Data
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Date
Date
Time
i�-'"{
Time
Time
Receipt Conditions (lab Use Only)
❑ ❑ Temp: 1 °C
a+2 C
_
Res. Chlorine ❑ Absent ❑ Present ❑ n!a
Acid preserv. a2? ❑ Yes ❑ No ❑ n!a
Base preserv.>12? ❑ Yes ❑ No ❑ nla
Retnquishcd by (signature)
1leknq+rished by (signature)

West side of Abraham Road Bridge.
Note severe stream bank erosion and solids in stream due to excessive cattle traffic.
East side of Abraham Road bridge. View is looking upstream.
Note solids in stream due to erosion caused by excessive cattle traffic.

12/13/07 photo. West side of Abraham Road
bridge. Erosion and excessive cattle traffic persists. Evidence of sediment and manure in stream.
photo. East side of bridge. Note algae.
12/13/07 photo. East side of bridge looking .
upstream. Flow is from top to bottom of photo.

AN 12/13/07 photo. Upstream (east side) of
Abraham Road bridge. Evidence of excessive algae in North Deep Creek (Class C waters of the State).
2/13/07 photo. Evidence of foam in strewn.
12/13/07 photo. Cattle upstream of bridge.

01/02/08 photo. East side of Abraham Road bridge.
01/07/08 photo. Severely eroded stream bank approx.
1000 feet downstream (west) of Abraham Road.
Note denuded and eroded stream banks.
01/02/08 photo. Cattle in North Deep Creek.
Note end of fence. Cattle have access to
approximately 1000 feet of stream from this
point on downstream.
01/07/08 photo. Cattle access located approx.
250 feet downstream (west) of Abraham Road.
Photo taken 01/07/08. Note eroded stream bank.
Photo taken 01/07/08.

Cattle access for crossing through North Deep Creek (Class C waters of the State) under
Abraham Road bridge. Stream flow is from right to left.
Note severe north side stream bank erosion and sediment and/or waste in stream.
Odor of waste was also detected in this area.

Cattle passing under Abraham Road bridge.
Stream flow is from left to right.
Note denuded stream bank and sediment in stream

M
View under Abraham Road bridge. North Deep Creek flow is from top of photo to bottom.
Note sediment and/or waste in creek. Cattle passage is to the left of the wire fencing.

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Foam in North Deep Creek, downstream of bridge.
Class C waters of the State.

Site for 20-30 foot wide crossing constructed to NRCS guidelines.
End of electric fence down stream. Approximately 270 feet of cattle access.
Note severe stream bank erosion due to excessive cattle traffic.

View of denuded and washed out area in cattle pasture on north side of North Deep Creek.

Close-up of cattle crossing located approximately 1000 feet downstream of the Abraham Road
bridge. Cattle have access to approximately 270 feet of Deep Creek from this point downstream.
Again, note severe stream bank erosion and denuded slope due to excessive cattle traffic.
Flow is from left to right.

Hot wire fencing ends here. Cattle have access to approximately 270 feet of North Deep
I''WnAb T""s +hva r ";"+ Tile— So iort to *4"h4
Cattle access located approximately 1000 feet downstream of Abraham Road bridge.
Note severe stream bank erosion and denuded pasture on both sides of North Deep Creek.

Additional electric wire fencing proposed to help control run—off of sediment and/or waste
into North Deep Creek due to excessive cattle traffic. Need to re-establish stream bank and
vegetation within this area. Stream flow is from left to right.

y.
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE SPECIFICATION
STREAM CROSSING (FORD CROSSINGS)
(No.)
CODE 578
CLEARING
All trees and brush shall be removed
from the area before excavation starts
The foundation shall be cleared of all
stumps, roots, brush, sod, and other
debris. All waste materials shall be
disposed of in a sightly and
workmanlike manner in designated
areas out of the natural floodway.
FOUNDATION EXCAVATION,
All material shall be removed from the
foundation of the stream crossing to
the depths, widths, and lengths
required by the design. Excavation
may be limited to one side of the
stream at a time in order to facilitate
diversion of the stream. It may be
advantageous to divert the stream
flows around the site using a pipe or
ditch or to temporarily impound the
stream during construction. Trenches
shall be excavated along the upper
ends of entrance and exit ramps and
on both the upstream and downstream
sides of the stream crossing for
geotextile installation.
GEOTEXTILES
A geotextile (fabric filter cloth) shall be
installed under the entire crossing as
well as in the toe trenches. In the
S578 - 1
upstream toe trenches, the geotextile
shall be back lapped over its own
trench.
The geotextile shall be a non -woven
needle -punched material with a
minimum tensile strength of 120 lbs.
(minimum average roll value). The
geotextile shall be placed on a grade
parallel to the natural streambed prior
to construction.
The geotextile shall be toed into the
trenches and the trenches backfilled
with course stable soil or crushed
stone. Longitudinal ends of the
geotextile shall be lapped back over
the top of the backfill toe trench a
minimum of one foot beyond the edge
of the trench and anchored to the
fabric using anchoring pins placed on
five foot centers. When more that one
width of geotextile is required, the
downstream panel shall be installed
first. The next upstream panel shall be
installed with a minimum of 18 inches
overlap over the first section.
Anchoring pins shall be installed on
three foot centers six inches from the
downstream edge of the lap. Pins
shall penetrate both sections of
geotextile in the lap. See Form NC-
ENG-45 for typical example.
Tears should be repaired immediately
by removing all surface material and
soil from the tear for minimum distance
NRCS, NC
September 2004

S578 - 4
of 18 inches in all directions of the tear
Spread a new section of geotextile
material over the cleared area and
anchor with anchoring pins around all
sides.
ANCHORING PINS
Anchoring pins shall be fabricated
using No. 3 reinforcing steel or material
of equivalent or greater size and
durability and shaped as shown on
Form NC-ENG-45. All pins shall be
installed with the top width lying
perpendicular (at right angles) to the
direction of flow in the stream. Pins
shall be driven vertically into
undisturbed soil to provide maximum
resistance to removal.
Anchoring pins shall be installed
through all overlapped fabric and
across the width of the channel bottom
on approximately three foot centers.
The minimum number of anchoring
pins to be used shall be as shown in
Table 1.
Table 1
Minimum Number of Anchoring Pins Required
Number of Fabric StTripS
Factor Times Total
Across Channel
Length of Crossing
1
0.85
2
1.30
Example:
Stream crossing 80 feet in total length
using two adjacent strips of fabric for a
crossing width of 20 feet. Minimum
number of pins is 1.3 times 80 feet for a
total of 104 pins. Specify 110 anchoring
pins.
Care should be taken not to rip the
fabric while installing pins. Pins should
NRCS, NC
September 2004
be sharpened to permit easy
penetration through fabric through a
small opening. Fabric will fit tightly
around anchoring pins with sharpened
ends. If a pin must be removed for any
reason, plug the opening created by
the pin with a wadded ball of
geotextile.
Light weight wire staples such as used
to anchor mulch netting may be used
to.hold the geotextile in place
temporarily while construction is in
progress, Such staples are not
adequate to provide. permanent
anchoring of the geotextile.
SURFACING MATERIAL
Acceptable material consisting of
coarse sands and/or gravel, if present
in the foundation excavation, may be
stockpiled for later use in the toe
trenches or on the roadway. Large
washed stone or creek gravel may be
used to prepare a foundation for the
geotextile in unstable soils.
Coarse stone may be used as a
subgrade filler between the geotextile
and the surfacing material. The
surface of the crossing shall consist of
a layer, a minimum of 8 inches thick, of
course aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
the North Carolina DOT for ABC
course aggregate. Washed stone or
gravel shall be used in streams
designated as North Carolina
Designated Public Mountain Trout
Waters and their upper tributaries.
Surfacing material will be spread such
that a minimum of six inches of cover
exists on the geotextile before tracked
equipment is operated over it. Failure
to cover the cloth with an adequate
layer of stone at sites with fine sand or

non -plastic silts and clays may result in
the creation of "mud bubbles" in the
geotextile.
FINISH GRADES AND SLOPES
Crossings shall be no less than 10 feet
and no more than 20 feet wide in
upstream direction between the fence
posts.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around
the entrance and exit slopes to prevent
erosion of the surfacing materials.
Runoff shall be diverted either
upstream or downstream to a point
from which it cannot flow back toward
the entrance or exit ramp.
The finished surfacing should be on
the same grade as the natural
streambed above and below the site.
Failure to match the natural streambed
grade may result in erosion of the
surfacing materials or undesirable
siltation in the crossing area.
FENCING
Fence posts along each side of the
crossing shall be installed inside the
area covered with geotextile and stone
When stream crossings are in pasture
fields, a gate will be installed at the
entrance of the crossing to prevent
continuous livestock access to the
stream. Fence posts with sharpened
ends shall be driven through the
geotextile in the center of the trenches.
The wire should be placed on the
downstream side of the posts on each
fence line. Strands of wire should not
be continuous across the crossing, but
shall be cut above the normal high
water line and secured lightly to the
posts so that a buildup of trash will pull
the wire away from the post, allowing
the trash to move downstream.
S578 - 3
JOB ORGANIZATION
All materials should be available and
ready at the site to allow completion of
the crossing in one working day.
Materials such as the geotextile,
anchoring pins, staples, pointed fence
posts and surfacing stone should be at
the site before commencing
construction. Proper equipment should
be at the site and ready for an early
morning start.
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Landowners and contractors should be
advised of the use of proper
equipment. Improper equipment will
result in inability to properly construct
the crossing and excessive cost of
construction.
Experience has proved that certain
types of construction equipment are
more suitable for installation of stream
crossing than others. Where crossings
are on small watercourses with stable
subsoils, equipment choice may not be
critical. Where non -plastic silts and
clays or unstable fine sands are
anticipated in the subgrade material,
the following observations should be
noted:
Tracked equipment is superior to
rubber tired equipment.
Crawler tractors with angle dozer or
bulldozer blades and fixed bucket
front end loaders should be
avoided.
Smaller, lighter dump trucks to
deliver surfacing material will cause
less damage to approaches than
large trucks.
Track mounted hydraulic
excavators with reaches -of 25 feet
NRCS, NC
September 2004

S578 - 4
or more provide the best and
fastest installation.
A tracked front end loader with a 4
in 1 clamshell type bucket and a
large rubber tired backhoe provide
the best installation if a hydraulic
excavator is not available.
A farm tractor with a scraper blade
is very useful.
• A gasoline powered pump and
hose should be available for
pumping excess water from
trenches.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE SPECIFICATION
STREAM CROSSING (FORD CROSSINGS)
(No.)
CODE 578
CLEARING
All trees and brush shall be removed
from the area before excavation starts.
The foundation shall be cleared of all
stumps, roots, brush, sod, and other
debris. All waste materials shall be
disposed of in a sightly and
workmanlike manner in designated
areas out of the natural floodway.
FOUNDATION EXCAVATION
All material shall be removed from the
foundation of the stream crossing to
the depths, widths, and lengths
required by the design. Excavation
may be limited to one side of the
stream at a time in order to facilitate
diversion of the stream. It may be
advantageous to divert the stream
flows around the site using a pipe or
ditch or to temporarily impound the
stream during construction. Trenches
shall be excavated along the upper
ends of entrance and exit ramps and
on both the upstream and downstream
sides of the stream crossing for
geotextile installation.
A geotextile (fabric filter cloth) shall be
installed under the entire crossing as
well as in the toe trenches. In the
S578 - 1
upstream toe trenches, the geotextile
shall be back lapped over its own
trench.
The geotextile shall be a non -woven
needle -punched material with a
minimum tensile strength of 120 lbs.
(minimum average roll value). The
geotextile shall be placed on a grade
parallel to the natural streambed prior
to construction.
The geotextile shall be toed into the
trenches and the trenches backfilled
with course stable soil or crushed
stone. Longitudinal ends of the
geotextile shall be lapped back over
the top of the backfill toe trench a °
minimum of one foot beyond the edge
of the trench and anchored to the
fabric using anchoring pins placed on
five foot centers. When more that one
width of geotextile is required, the
downstream panel shall be installed
first. The next upstream panel shall be
installed with a minimum of 18 inches
overlap over the first section.
Anchoring pins shall be installed on
three foot centers six inches from the
downstream edge of the lap. Pins
shall penetrate both sections of
geotextile in the lap. See Form NC-
ENG-45 for typical example.
Tears should be repaired immediately
by removing all surface material and
soil from the tear for minimum distance
NRCS, NC
September 2004

S678 - 4
of 18 inches in all directions of the tear
Spread a new section of geotextile
material over.the cleared area and
anchor with anchoring pins around all
sides:
ANCHORING PINS
Anchoring pins shall be fabricated
using No. 3 reinforcing steel or material
of equivalent or greater size and
durability and shaped as shown on
Form NC-ENG-45. All pins shall be
installed with the top width lying
perpendicular (at fight angles) to the
direction of flow in the stream. Pins
shall be driven vertically into
undisturbed soil to provide maximum
resistance to removal.
Anchoring pins shall be installed
through all overlapped fabric and
across the width of the channel bottom
on approximately three foot centers.
The minimum number of anchoring
pins to be used shall be as showri in
Table 1.
Table 1.
Minimum Number of Anchoring Pins Re wired
Number of Fabric Strips
Factor Times Total
Across Channel
Length of Crossing
1
0.85
2
1.30
Example:
Stream crossing 80 feet in total length
using two adjacent strips of fabric for a
crossing width of 20 feet. Minimum
number of pins is 1.3 times 80 feet for a
total of 104 pins. Specify 110 anchoring
pins.
Care should be taken not to rip the
fabric while installing pins. Pins should
NRCS, NC
September 2004
be sharpened to permit easy
penetration through fabric through a
small opening. Fabric will fit tightly
around anchoring pins with sharpened
ends. If a pin must be removed for any
reason, plug the opening created by
the pin with a wadded ball of
geotextile.
Light weight wire staples such as used
to anchor mulch netting may be used
to hold the geotextile in place
temporarily while construction is in
progress. Such staples are not
adequate to provide permanent
anchoring of the geotextile.
SURFACING MATERIAL
Acceptable material consisting of
coarse sands and/or gravel, if present
in the foundation excavation, may be
stockpiled for later use in the toe
trenches or on the roadway. Large
washed stone or creek gravel may be .
used to prepare a foundation for the
geotextile in unstable soils.
Coarse stone may be used as a
subgrade filler between the geotextile
and the surfacing material. The
surface of the crossing shall consist of
a layer, a minimum of 8 inches thick, of
course aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
the North Carolina DOT for ABC
course aggregate. Washed stone or
gravel shall be used in streams
designated as North Carolina
Designated Public Mountain Trout
Waters and their upper tributaries.
Surfacing material will be spread such
that a minimum of six inches of cover
exists on the geotextile before tracked
equipment is operated over it. Failure
to cover the cloth with an adequate
layer of stone at sites with fine sand or

non -plastic silts and clays may result in
the creation of "mud bubbles" in the
geotextile.
FINISH GRADES AND SLOPES
Crossings shall be no less than 10 feet
and no more than 20 feet wide in
upstream direction between the fence
posts.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around
the entrance and exit slopes to prevent
erosion of the surfacing materials.
Runoff shall be diverted either
upstream or downstream to a point
from which it cannot flow back toward
the entrance, or exit ramp.
The finished surfacing should be on
the same grade as the natural
streambed above and below the site.
Failure to match the natural streambed
grade may result in erosion of the
surfacing materials or undesirable
siltation in the crossing area.
FENCING
Fence posts along each side of the
crossing shall be installed inside the
area covered with geotextile and stone.
When stream crossings are in pasture
fields, a gate will be installed at the
entrance of the crossing to prevent
continuous livestock access to the
stream. Fence posts with sharpened
ends shall be driven through the
geotextile in the center of the trenches.
The wire should be placed on the
downstream side of the posts on each
fence line. Strands of wire should not
be continuous across the crossing, but
shall be cut above the normal high
water line and secured lightly to the
posts so that a buildup of trash will pull
the wire away from the post, allowing
the trash to move downstream.
S578 - 3
JOB ORGANIZATION
All materials should be available and
ready at the site to allow completion of
the crossing in one working day.
Materials such as the geotextile,
anchoring pins, staples, pointed fence
posts and surfacing stone should be at
the site before commencing
construction. Proper equipment should
be at the site and ready for an early
morning start.
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Landowners and contractors should be
advised of the use of proper
equipment. Improper equipment will
result in inability to properly construct
the crossing and excessive cost of
construction.
Experience has proved that certain
types of construction equipment are
more suitable for installation of stream
crossing than others. Where crossings
are on small watercourses with stable
subsoils, equipment choice may not be
critical. Where non -plastic silts and
clays or unstable fine sands are
anticipated in the subgrade material,
the following observations should be
noted;
Tracked equipment is superior to
rubber tired equipment.
• Crawler tractors with angle dozer or
bulldozer blades and fixed bucket
front end loaders should be
avoided.
Smaller, lighter dump trucks to
deliver surfacing material will cause
less damage to approaches than
large trucks.
Track mounted hydraulic
excavators with reaches.of 25 feet
NRCS, NC
September 2004

I
S578 - 4
or more provide the best and
fastest installation.
A tracked front end loader with a 4
in 1 clamshell type bucket and a
large rubber tired backhoe provide
the best installation if a hydraulic
excavator is not available.
A farm tractor with a scraper blade
is- very useful.
A gasoline powered pump and
hose should be available for
pumping excess water from
trenches.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

NATURAL. RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE SPECIFICATION
STREAM CROSSING (FORD CROSSINGS)
(No.)
CODE 578
CLEARING
Ali trees and brush shall be removed
from the area before excavation starts
The foundation shall be cleared of all
stumps, roots, brush, sod, and other
debris. All waste materials shall be
disposed of in a sightly and
workmanlike manner in designated
areas out of the natural floodway.
FOUNDATION EXCAVATION
All material shall be removed from the
foundation of the stream crossing to
the depths, widths, and lengths
required by the design. Excavation
may be limited to one side of the
stream at a time in order to facilitate
diversion of the stream. It may be
advantageous to divert the stream
flows around the site using a pipe or
ditch or to temporarily impound the
stream during construction. Trenches
shall be excavated along the upper
ends of entrance and exit ramps and
on both the upstream and downstream
sides of the stream crossing for
geotextile installation.
GEOTEXTILES
A geotextile (fabric filter cloth) shall be
installed under the entire crossing as
well as in the toe trenches. In the
S578 - 1
upstream toe trenches, the geotextile
shall be back lapped over its own
trench.
The geotextile shall be a non -woven
needle -punched material with a
minimum tensile strength of 120 lbs.
(minimum average roll value). The
geotextile shall be placed on a grade
parallel to the natural streambed prior
to construction.
The geotextile shall be toed into the
trenches and the trenches backfilled
with course stable soil or crushed
stone. Longitudinal ends of the
geotextile shall be lapped back over
the top of the backfill toe trench a
minimum of one foot beyond the edge
of the trench and anchored to the
fabric using anchoring pins placed on
five foot centers. When more that one
width of geotextile is required, the
downstream panel shall be installed
first. The next upstream panel shall be
installed with a minimum of 18 inches
overlap over the first section.
Anchoring pins shall be installed on
three foot centers six inches from the
downstream edge of the lap. Pins
shall penetrate both sections of
geotextile in the lap. See Form NC-
ENG-45 for typical example.
Tears should be repaired immediately
by removing all surface material and
soil from the tear for minimum distance
N RCS, NC
September 2004.

5578 - 4
of 18 inches in all directions of the tear
Spread anew section of geotextile
material over the cleared area and
anchor with anchoring pins around all
sides.
ANCHORING PINS
Anchoring pins shall be fabricated
using No. 3 reinforcing steel or material
of equivalent or greater size and
durability and shaped as shown on
Form NC-ENG-45. All pins shall be
installed with the top width lying
perpendicular (at right angles) to the
direction of flow in the stream. Pins
shall be driven vertically into
undisturbed soil to provide maximum
resistance to removal.
Anchoring pins shall be installed
through all overlapped fabric and
across the width of the channel bottom
on approximately three foot centers.
The minimum number of anchoring
pins to be used shall be as shown in
Table 1.
Table 1. `
Minimum Number of An&oring Pins Required
Number of Fabric St� rios
Factor Times Total
Across Channel
Length of Crossing
1
0.85
2
1.30
Example: I
Stream crossing 80 feet in total length
using two adjacent strips of fabric for a
crossing width of 20 feet. Minimum
number of pins is 1.3 times 80 feet for a
total of 104 pins. Specify 110 anchoring
pins.
Care should be taken not to rip the
fabric while installing pins. Pins should
NRCS, NC
September 2004
be sharpened to permit easy
penetration through fabric through a
small opening. Fabric will fit tightly
around anchoring pins with sharpened
ends. if a pin must be removed for any
reason, plug the opening created by
the pin with a wadded ball of
geotextile.
Light weight wire staples such as used
to anchor mulch netting may be used
to hold the geotextile in place
temporarily while construction is in
progress. Such staples are not
adequate to provide permanent
anchoring of the geotextile.
SURFACING MATERIAL_
Acceptable material consisting of
coarse sands and/or gravel, if present
in the foundation excavation, may be
stockpiled for later use in the toe
trenches or on the roadway. Large
washed stone or creek gravel may be
used to prepare a foundation for the
geotextile in unstable soils.
Coarse stone may be used as a
subgrade filler between the geotextile
and the surfacing material. The
surface of the crossing shall consist of
a layer, a minimum of 8 inches thick, of
course aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
the North Carolina DOT for ABC
course aggregate. Washed stone or
gravel shall be used in streams
designated as North Carolina
Designated Public Mountain Trout
Waters and their upper tributaries.
Surfacing material will be spread such
that a minimum of six inches of cover
exists on the geotextile before tracked
equipment is operated over it. Failure
to cover the cloth with an adequate
layer of stone at sites with fine sand or

non -plastic silts and clays may result in
the creation of "mud bubbles" in the
geotextile.
FINISH GRADES AND SLOPES
Crossings shall be no less than 10 feet
and no more than 20 feet wide in
upstream direction between the fence
posts.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around
the entrance and exit slopes to prevent
erosion of the surfacing materials.
Runoff shall be diverted either
upstream or downstream to a point
from which it cannot flow back toward
the entrance or exit ramp.
The finished surfacing should be on
the same grade as the natural
streambed above and below the site.
Failure to match the natural streambed
grade may result in erosion of the
surfacing materials or undesirable
siltation in the crossing area.
FENCING
Fence posts along each side of the
crossing shall be installed inside the
area covered with geotextile and stone.
When stream crossings are in pasture
fields, a gate will be installed at the
entrance of the'crossing to prevent
continuous livestock access to the
stream. Fence posts with sharpened
ends shall be driven through the
geotextile in the center of the trenches.
The wire should be placed on the
downstream side of the posts on each
fence line. Strands of wire should not
be continuous across the crossing, but
shall be cut above the normal high
water line and secured lightly to the
posts so that a buildup of trash will pull
the wire away from the post, allowing
the trash to move downstream.
S578 - 3
JOB ORGANIZATION
All materials should be available and
ready at the site to allow completion of
the crossing in one working day.
Materials such as the geotextile,
anchoring pins, staples, pointed fence
posts and surfacing stone should be at
the site before commencing
construction. Proper equipment should
be at the site and ready for an early
morning start.
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Landowners and contractors should be
advised of the use of proper
equipment. Improper equipment will
result in inability to properly construct
the crossing and excessive cost of
construction.
Experience has proved that certain
types of construction equipment are
more suitable for installation of stream
crossing than others. Where crossings
are on small watercourses with stable
subsoils, equipment choice may not be
critical. Where non -plastic silts and
clays or unstable fine sands are
anticipated in the subgrade material,
the following observations should be
noted:
Tracked equipment is superior to
rubber tired equipment.
• Crawler tractors with angle dozer or
bulldozer blades and fixed bucket
front end loaders should be
avoided.
• Smaller, lighter dump trucks to ,
deliver surfacing material will cause
less damage to approaches than
large trucks.
• Track mounted hydraulic
excavators with reaches.of 25 feet
NRCS, NC
September 2004

5578 - 4
or more provide the best and
fastest installation.
A tracked front end loader with a 4
in 1 clamshell type bucket and a
large rubber tired backhoe provide
the best installation if a hydraulic
excavator is not available.
A farm tractor with a scraper blade
is very useful.
A gasoline powered pump and
hose should be available for
pumping excess water from
trenches.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

NATURAL_ RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD
STREAM CROSSING
(No.)
CODE 578
DEFINITION
A stabilized area or structure constructed
across a stream to provide a travel way for
people, livestock, equipment, or vehicles.
PURPOSE
■ Improve water quality by reducing
sediment, nutrient, organic, and inorganic
loading of the stream.
■ Reduce streambank and streambed
erosion.
• -Provide crossing for access to another
land unit.
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
This practice applies to all land uses where an
intermittent or perennial watercourse exists
and a ford, bridge, or culvert type crossing is
desired for livestock, people, and for
equipment.
CRITERIA
Location. Stream crossings shall be located
in areas where the streambed is stable, where
grade control can be provided to create a
stable condition, or upstream of where a
natural barrier such as a rock seam or large
boulder exists. Avoid sites where channel
grade or alignment changes abruptly,
excessive seepage or instability is evident,
overfalls exist, or large tributaries enter the
stream.
Wetland areas shall be avoided to the
maximum extent possible. Cuts and fills in
wetlands and the waters of the United States
578-1
will require permits. Consult the Army Corps
of Engineers and the North Carolina State
Division of Water Quality and Department of
Environment and Natural Resources for permit
requirements.
Locate crossings, where possible, out of shady
riparian areas to discourage cattle loafing time
in the stream.
Stream crossings shall provide a way for
normal passage of water, fish and other
aquatic animals within the channel during all
seasons of the year
Crossings shall be installed perpendicular to
the direction of the flow of the stream. Skews -
shall be avoided on all but the smallest
streams. Stream crossings shall not be
installed in a newly located or constructed
channel.
Access Roads. Where high rates of erosion
of the adjacent roadways that slope towards
the crossing threaten to deliver an excessive
amount of sediment to the drainage, install
measures to minimize erosion of the roadside
ditch, road surface, and/or cut slopes. Where
the stream crossing is installed as part of a
roadway, the crossing shall be in accordance
with NRCS Conservation Practice Standard,
560, Access Road.
Width. The stream crossing shall provide an
adequate travel -way width for the intended
use. A multi -use stream crossing shall have a
travel -way no less than 10 feet wide. Width
shall be measured from the upstream end to
the downstream end of the stream crossing
and shall not include the side slopes.
Crossings shall be no more than 20 feet wide.
Side Slopes. All cuts and falls for the stream
crossing shall have side slopes that are stable
Conservation practice standards are reviewed periodicalty, and updated if needed. To obtain
the current version of [his standard, contact the Natural Resources Conservation 5erv$ce,
NRCS, NC
September 2004

578 - 2
for the soil involved. Side slopes of earth cuts
or fills shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal to
1 vertical. Rock cuts or fills shall be no
steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical.
Stream Approaches. Approaches to the
stream crossing shall blend with existing site
conditions where possible, and shall not be
steeper than 5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Unless
the foundation geology is otherwise
acceptable, the approaches shall be stable,
have a gradual ascent or descent grade, and
be underlain with suitable material, as
necessary, to withstand repeated and long
term use. The minimum width of the
approaches shall be equal to the width of the
crossing surface. Minimum length of the
approaches shall be 20 feet.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around the
approaches to prevent erosion of the
approaches. Roadside ditches shall be
directed into a diversion or away from the
crossing surface.
Rock. All rock shall be chosen to withstand
exposure to air, water, freezing and thawing.
When rock is used, it shall be sufficiently large
and dense so that it is not mobilized by design
flood flows.
Fencing. Areas adjacent to the stream
crossing shall be permanently fenced or
otherwise excluded, as needed, to manage
livestock access to the crossing.
When stream crossings are in pasture fleids, a
gate will be installed at the entrance of the
crossing to prevent continuous livestock
access to the stream, as needed.
Cross -stream fencing at fords shall be
accomplished with breakaway wire, swinging
floodgates, hanging electrified chain or other
devices to allow the passage of floodwater
debris during high flows.
All fencing shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with NRCS Conservation
Practice Standard 382, Fence.
Vegetation. All areas to be vegetated shall be
planted as soon as practical after construction.
Use NRCS Conservation Practice Standard
342, Critical Area Planting, as appropriate, to
establish vegetation.
NRCS, INC
September 2004
Criteria for Culvert and Bridge Crossings
Design of culverts and bridges shall be
consistent with sound engineering principles
and shall be adequate for the use, type of
road, or class of vehicle. Culverts and bridges
shall have sufficient capacity to convey the
design flow without appreciably altering the
stream flow characteristics.
Culverts shall be sized to handle at least the
bankfull flow or the peak runoff from the 2-
year, 24-hour peak discharge, whichever is
less. Crossings shall be adequately protected
so that out -of -bank flows safely bypass without
structure or streambank damage, or erosion of
the crossing fill. Additional culverts may be
used at various elevations to maintain terrace
or floodplain hydraulics.
The length of the culvert shall be adequate to
extend the full width of the crossing, including
side slopes. At least one cuivert pipe shall be
placed on or below grade with the existing
stream bottom.
Acceptable culvert materials include concrete,
corrugated metal, corrugated plastic, new or
used high quality steel and other materials
approved by the engineer.
Acceptable bridge materials include concrete,
steel, and wood.
Criteria for Ford Crossings
When ford crossings are used, the cross-
sectionai area of the crossing shall not be less
than the natural channel cross -sectional area.
A portion of the crossing shall be depressed at
or below the average stream bottom elevation
when needed to keep base flows or low flows
concentrated.
Cutoff walls shall be provided at the upstream
and downstream edges of ford -type stream
crossings when needed to protect against
undercutting.
The finished top surface of the ford type
stream crossing in the bottom of the
watercourse shall be no higher than the
original stream bottom at the upstream edge of
the ford crossing. if the downstream edge of
the ford crossing is above the original stream
bottom, the ford crossing shall be stabilized in
accordance with NRCS Conservation Practice
Standard 584, Stream Channel Stabilization.

Where rock is used for ford type stream
crossings for livestock, use a hoof contact
zone or alternative surfacing method over the
surfacing rock.
Concrete Fords
Concrete ford crossings shall be used only
where the foundation of the stream crossing is
determined to have adequate bearing strength.
Concrete shall have a minimum compressive
strength of 3,000 psi at 28 days. Concrete ford
crossings shall have a minimum thickness of
placed concrete of 5 inches with minimum
reinforcement of 6-inch by 6-inch, 6 gauge
welded wire fabric. The concrete slab shall be
poured on a minimum 4-inch thick rock base,
unless the foundation is otherwise acceptable.
Precast concrete panels may be used in lieu of
cast -in -place concrete slabs. Precast concrete
units shall comply with ACI 525 or 533. or as
otherwise acceptable for local conditions.
When heavy equipment loads are anticipated,
the concrete slab shall be designed using an
appropriate procedure as described in
American Concrete Institute, ACI 360, Design
of Slabs on Grade.
Geocell and/or Rock Ford Crossings
Rock ford crossings with geotextile shall be
used when the site has a soft or unstable
subgrade. Ford crossings made of stabilizing
material such as rock riprap are often used in
steep areas subject to flash flooding, where
normal flow is shallow or intermittent.
The bed of the channel shall be excavated to
the necessary depth and width, below potential
scout lines, and covered with geotextile
material. The geotextile material shall be
installed on the excavated surface of the ford
and shall extend across the bottom of the
stream and at least up to the 10-year, 24-hour
peak discharge elevation. Where stream
channels are composed of stable coarse rock
material or solid bedrock, the requirement to
extend the geotextile across the channel
bottom may be waived upon written approval
of the area engineer.
Cutoff trenches shall be installed along the
upper ends of entrance and exit ramps and on
both the upstream and downstream sides of
the stream crossing. The downstream trench
578-3
may be omitted on crossings with drainage
areas less than 300 acres.
The geotextile material shall be covered with at
least 8 inches of coarse aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
NCDOT for ABC coarse aggregate. Washed
stone or gravel shall be used in streams
designated as NC Designated Public Mountain
Trout Waters and their upper tributaries.
If using geocells, the cells shall be at least 6
inches deep. All geosynthetic material shall be
suitably durable and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations, including the use of
staples, clips and anchor pins.
At minimum, all rock ford stream crossings
shall be designed to remain stable during the
10-year, 24-hour peak discharge. '
CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid or minimize stream crossings, when
possible, through evaluation of alternative trail
or travel -way locations.
Ford crossings have the least detrimental
impact on water quality when crossing is
infrequent. Ford crossings are adapted for
crossing wide, shallow watercourses with firm
streambeds.
Stream crossings should be located where
adverse environmental impacts will be
minimized and considering the following:
• Effects on up -stream and down -stream
flow conditions that could result in
increases in erosion, deposition, or
flooding.
• Short term and construction -related effects
on water quality.
• Effects on fish passage and wildlife
habitats.
• Effects on cultural resources.
• Overall effect on erosion and
sedimentation that will be caused by the
installation of the crossing and any
necessary stream diversion.
Where stream crossings are used, evaluate
the need for safety measures such as
NRCS, NC
September 2004

578 - 4
guardrails at culvert or bridge crossing, or
water depth signage at ford crossings.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for stream crossings
shall be in keeping with this standard and shall
describe the requirements for applying the
practice to achieve its intended purpose.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
An operation and maintenance plan shall be
developed and implemented for the life of the
practice.
All stream crossings, appurtenances, and
associated fences shall be inspected at least
annually and after each major storm event with
repairs made as needed.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

�j
Y
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD
STREAM CROSSING
(No.)
CODE 578
DEFINITION
A stabilized area or structure constructed
across a stream to provide a travel way for
people, livestock, equipment, or vehicles.
PURPOSE
■ Improve water quality by reducing
sediment, nutrient, organic, and inorganic
loading of the stream.
■ Reduce streambank and streambed
erosion.
■ Provide crossing for access to another
land unit.
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
This practice applies to all land uses where an
intermittent or perennial watercourse exists
and a ford, bridge, or culvert type crossing is
desired for livestock, people, and for
equipment.
CRITERIA
Location. Stream crossings shall be located
in areas where the streambed is stable, where
grade control can be provided to create a
stable condition, or upstream of where a
natural barrier such as a rock seam or large
boulder exists. Avoid sites where channel
grade or alignment changes abruptly,
excessive seeppge or instability is evident,
overfalls exist, or large tributaries enter the
stream.
Wetland areas shall be avoided to the
maximum extent possible. Cuts and fills in
wetlands and the waters of the United States
578 - 1
will require permits. Consult the Army Corps
of Engineers and the North Carolina State
Division of Water Quality and Department of
Environment and Natural Resources for permit
requirements.
Locate crossings, where possible, out of shady
riparian areas to discourage cattle loafing time
in the stream.
Stream crossings shall provide a way for
normal passage of water, fish and other
aquatic animals within the channel during all
seasons of the year,
Crossings shall be installed perpendicular to
the direction of the flow of the stream. Skews
shall be avoided on all but the smallest
streams. Stream crossings shall not be
installed in a newly located or constructed
channel.
Access Roads. Where high rates of erosion
of the adjacent roadways that slope towards
the crossing threaten to deliver an excessive
amount of sediment to the drainage, install
measures to minimize erosion of the roadside
ditch, road surface, and/or cut slopes. Where
the stream crossing is installed as part of a
roadway, the crossing shall be in accordance
with NRCS Conservation Practice Standard,
560, Access Road.
Width. The stream crossing shall provide an
adequate travel -way width for the intended
use. A multi -use stream crossing shall have a
travel -way no less than 10 feet wide. Width
shall be measured from the upstream end to
the downstream end of the stream crossing
and shall not include the side slopes.
Crossings shall be no more than 20 feet wide.
Side Slopes. All cuts and fills for the stream
crossing shall have side slopes that are stable
Conservation practice standards are reviewed periodically, and updated if needed. To obtain
the current version of This standard, contact the Natural Resources Conservation Service.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

a
r
578 - 2
for the soil involved. Side slopes of earth cuts
or fills shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal to
9 vertical. Rock cuts or fills shall be no
steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical.
Stream Approaches. Approaches to the
stream crossing shall blend with existing site
conditions where possible, and shall not be
steeper than 5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Unless
the foundation geology is otherwise
acceptable, the approaches shall be stable,
have a gradual ascent or descent grade, and
be underlain with suitable material, as
necessary, to withstand repeated and long
term use. The minimum width of the
approaches shall be equal to the width of the
crossing surface. Minimum length of the
approaches shall be 20 feet.
Criteria for Culvert and Bridae Crossinas
Design of culverts and bridges shall be
consistent with sound engineering principles
and shall be adequate for the use, type of
road, or class of vehicle. Culverts and bridges
shall have sufficient capacity to convey the
design flow without appreciably altering the
stream flow characteristics.
Culverts shall be sized to handle at least the
bankfull flow or the peak runoff from the 2-
year, 24-hour peak discharge, whichever is
less. Crossings shall be adequately protected
so that out -of -bank flows safety bypass without
structure or streambank damage, or erosion of
the crossing fill. Additional culverts may be
used at various elevations to maintain terrace
or floodplain hydraulics.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around the The length of the culvert shall be adequate to
approaches to prevent erosion of the extend the full width of the crossing, including
approaches. Roadside ditches shall be
directed into a diversion or away From the side slopes. At least one culvert pipe shall be
crossing surface. � placed on or below grade with the existing
stream bottom.
Rock. All rock shall be chosen to withstand
exposure to air, water, freezing and thawing.
When rock is used, it shall be sufficiently large
and dense so that it is not mobilized by design
flood flows.
Fencing. Areas adjacent to the stream
crossing shall be permanently fenced or
otherwise excluded, as needed, to manage
livestock access to the crossing.
When stream crossings are in pasture fields, a
gate will be installed at the entrance of the
crossing to prevent continuous livestock
access to the stream, as needed.
Cross -stream fencing at fords shall be
accomplished with breakaway wire, swinging
floodgates, hanging electrified chain or other
devices to allow the passage of floodwater
debris during high flows.
All fencing shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with NRCS Conservation
Practice Standard 382, Fence.
Vegetation. All areas to be vegetated shall be
planted as soon as practical after construction.
Use NRCS Conservation Practice Standard
342, Critical Area Planting, as appropriate, to
establish vegetation.
NRCS, NC
September 2004
Acceptable culvert materials include concrete,
corrugated metal, corrugated plastic, new or
used high quality steel and other materials
approved by the engineer.
Acceptable bridge materials include concrete,
steel, and wood.
Criteria for Ford Crossings
When ford crossings are used, the cross -
sectional area of the crossing shall not be less
than the natural channel cross -sectional area.
A portion of the crossing shall be depressed at
or below the average stream bottom elevation
when needed to keep base flows or low flows
concentrated.
Cutoff walls shall be provided at the upstream
and downstream edges of ford -type stream
crossings when needed to protect against
undercutting.
The finished top surface of the ford type
stream crossing in the bottom of the
watercourse shall be no higher than the
original stream bottom at the upstream edge of
the ford crossing. If the downstream edge of
the ford crossing is above the original stream
bottom, the ford crossing shall be stabilized in
accordance with NRCS Conservation Practice
Standard 584, Stream Channel Stabilization,

Where rock is used for ford type stream
crossings for livestock, use a hoof contact
zone or alternative surfacing method over the
surfacing rock.
Concrete Fords
Concrete ford crossings shall be used only
where the foundation of the stream crossing is
determined to have adequate bearing strength
Concrete shall have a minimum compressive
strength of 3,000 psi at 28 days. Concrete ford
crossings shall have a minimum thickness of
placed concrete of 5 inches with minimum
reinforcement of 6-inch by 6-inch, 6 gauge
welded wire fabric. The concrete slab shall be
poured on a minimum 4-inch thick rock base,
unless the foundation is otherwise acceptable.
Precast concrete panels may be used in lieu of
cast -in -place concrete slabs. Precast concrete
units shall comply with ACI 525 or 533, or as
otherwise acceptable for local conditions.
When heavy equipment loads are anticipated,
the concrete slab shall be designed using an
appropriate procedure as described in
American Concrete Institute, ACI 360, Design
of Slabs on Grade.
Geocell and/or Rock Ford Crossings
Rock ford crossings with geotextile shall be
used when the site has a soft or unstable
subgrade. Ford crossings made of stabilizing
material such as rock riprap are often used in
steep areas subject to flash flooding, where
normal flow is shallow or intermittent.
The bed of the channel shall be excavated to
the necessary depth and width, below potential
scout tines, and covered with geotextile
material. The geotextile material shall be
installed on the excavated surface of the ford
and shall extend across the bottom of the
stream and at leas; up to the 10-year, 24-hour
peak.discharge elevation. Where stream
channels are composed of stable coarse rock
material or solid bedrock, the requirement to
extend the geotexUe across the channel
bottom may be waved upon written approval
of the area engineer.
Cutoff trenches shall be installed along the
upper ends of entrance and exit ramps and on
both the upstream and downstream sides of
the stream crossing. The downstream trench
578 - 3
may be omitted on crossings with drainage
areas less than 300 acres.
The geotextile material shall be covered with at
least 8 inches of coarse aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
NCDOT for ABC coarse aggregate. Washed
stone or gravel shall be used in streams
designated as NC Designated Public Mountain
Trout Waters and their upper tributaries.
If using geocells, the cells shall be at least 6
inches deep. All geosynthetic material shall be
suitably durable and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations, including the use of
staples, clips and anchor pins.
At minimum, all rock ford stream crossings
shall be designed to remain stable during the
10-year, 24-hour peak discharge.
CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid or minimize stream crossings, when
possible, through evaluation of alternative trail
or travel -way locations.
Ford crossings have the least detrimental
impact on water quality when crossing is
infrequent. Ford crossings are adapted for
crossing wide, shallow watercourses with firm
streambeds.
Stream crossings should be located where
adverse environmental impacts will be
minimized and.considering the following:
Effects on up -stream and down -stream
flow conditions that could result in
increases in erosion, deposition, or
flooding.
• Short term and construction -related effects
on water quality.
• . Effects on fish passage and wildlife
habitats.
• Effects on cultural resources.
• Overall effect on erosion and
sedimentation that will be caused -by the
installation of the crossing and any
necessary stream diversion.
Where stream crossings -are used, evaluate
the need for safety measures such as
NRCS, NC
September 2004

578-4
guardrails at culvert or bridge crossing, or
water depth signage at ford crossings.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for stream crossings
shall be in keeping with this standard and shall
describe the requirements for applying the
practice to achieve its intended purpose.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
An operation and maintenance plan shall be
developed and implemented for the life of the
practice.
All stream crossings, appurtenances, and
associated fences shall be inspected at least
annually and after each major storm event with
repairs made as needed.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD
STREAM CROSSING
(No.)
CODE 578
DEFINITION
A stabilized area or structure constructed
across a stream to provide a travel way for
people, livestock, equipment, or vehicles.
PURPOSE
• Improve water quality by reducing
sediment, nutrient, organic, and inorganic
loading of the stream.
■ Reduce streambank and streambed
erosion.
Provide crossing for access to another
land unit.
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
This practice applies to all land uses where an
intermittent or perennial watercourse exists
and a ford, bridge, or culvert type crossing is
desired for livestock, people, and /or
equipment.
CRITERIA
Location. Stream crossings shall be located
in areas where the streambed is stable, where
grade control can be provided to create a
stable condition, or upstream of where a
natural barrier such as a rock seam or large
bouider exists. Avoid sites where channel
grade or alignment changes abruptly,
excessive seepage or 'instability is evident,
overfalls exist, or large tributaries enter the
stream.
Wetland areas shall be avoided to the
maximum extent possible. Cuts and fills in
wetlands and the waters of the United States
578 - 1
will require permits. Consult the Army Corps
of Engineers and the North Carolina State
Division of Water Quality and Department of
Environment and Natural Resources for permit
requirements.
Locate crossings, where possible, out of shady
riparian areas to discourage cattle loafing time
in the stream.
Stream crossings shall provide a way for
normal passage of water, fish and other
aquatic animals within the channel during all
seasons of the year.
Crossings shall be installed perpendicular to
the direction of the flow of the stream. Skews
shall be avoided on all but the smallest
streams. Stream crossings shall not be
installed in a newly located or constructed
channel,
Access Roads. Where high rates of erosion
of the adjacent roadways that slope towards
the crossing threaten to deliver an excessive
amount of sediment to the drainage, install
measures to minimize erosion of the roadside
ditch, road surface, and/or cut slopes. Where
the stream crossing is installed as part of a
roadway, the crossing shall be in accordance
with NRCS Conservation Practice Standard,
560, Access Road.
Width. The stream crossing shall provide an
adequate travel -way width for the intended
use. A multi -use stream crossing shall have a
travel -way no less than 10 feet wide. Width
shall be measured from the upstream end to
the downstream end of the stream crossing
and shall not include the side slopes.
Crossings shad be no more than 20 feet wide.
Side Slopes. Alt cuts and fills for the stream
crossing shall have side slopes that are stable
Conservation practice standards are reviewed periodically, and updated if needed. To obtain
the current version of this standard, contact the Natural Resources Conservation Service.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

578 - 2
for the soil involved. Side slopes of earth cuts
or fills shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal to
1 vertical. Rock cuts or fills shall be no
steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical.
Stream Approaches. Approaches to the
stream crossing shall blend with existing site
conditions where possible, and shall not be
steeper than 5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Unless
the foundation geology is otherwise
acceptable, the approaches shall be stable,
have a gradual ascent or descent grade, and
be underlain with suitable material, as '
necessary, to withstand repeated and long
term use. The minimum width of the
approaches shall be equal to the width of the
crossing surface. Minimum length of the
approaches shall be 24 feet.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around the
approaches to prevent erosion of the
approaches. Roadside ditches shall be
directed into a diversion or away from the
crossing surface.
Rock. All rock shall be chosen to withstand
exposure to air, water, freezing and thawing.
When rock is used, it shall be sufficiently large
and dense so that it is not mobilized by design.
flood flows.
Fencing. Areas adjacent to the stream
crossing shall be permanently fenced or
otherwise excluded, as needed, to manage
livestock access to the crossing.
When stream crossings are in pasture fields, a
gate will be installed at the entrance of the
crossing to prevent continuous livestock
access to the stream, as needed.
Cross -stream fencing at fords shall be
accomplished with breakaway wire, swinging
floodgates, hanging electrified chain or other
devices to allow the passage of floodwater
debris during high flows.
All fencing shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with MRCS Conservation
Practice Standard 382, Fence.
Vegetation. All areas to be vegetated shall be
planted as soon as practical after construction.
Use MRCS Conservation Practice Standard
342, Critical Area Planting, as appropriate, to
establish vegetation.
NRCS, NC
September 2004
Criteria for Culvert and Bridae Crossings
Design of culverts and bridges shall be
consistent with sound engineering principles
and shall be adequate for the use, type of
road, or class of vehicle. Culverts and bridges
shall have 'sufficient capacity to convey the
design flow without appreciably altering the
stream flow characteristics.
Culverts shall be sized to handle at least the
bankfull flow or the peak runoff from the 2-
year, 24-hour peak discharge, whichever is
less. Crossings shall be adequately protected
so that out -of -bank flows safely bypass without
structure or streambank damage, or erosion of
the crossing fill. Additional culverts may be
used at various elevations to maintain terrace
or floodpiain hydraulics.
The length of the culvert shall be adequate to
extend the full width of the crossing, including
side slopes. At least one culvert pipe shall be
placed on or below grade with the existing
stream bottom.
Acceptable culvert materials include concrete,
corrugated metal, corrugated plastic, new or
used high quality steel and other materials
approved by the engineer.
Acceptable bridge materials include concrete,
steel, and wood.
Criteria for Ford Crossings
When ford crossings are used, the cross -
sectional area of the crossing shall not be less
than the natural channel cross -sectional area.
A portion of the crossing shall be depressed at
or below the average stream bottom elevation
when needed to keep base flows or Sow flows
concentrated.
Cutoff walls shall be provided at the upstream
and downstream edges of ford -type stream
.crossings when needed to protect against
undercutting.
The finished top surface of the ford type
stream crossing In the bottom of the
watercourse shall be no Nigher than the
original stream bottom at the upstream edge of
the ford crossing. If the downstream edge of
the ford crossing is above the original stream
bottom, the ford crossing shall be stabilized in
accordance with NRCS Conservation Practice
Standard 584, Stream Channel Stabilization.

Where rock is used for ford type stream
crossings for livestock, use a hoof contact
zone or alternative surfacing method over the
surfacing rock.
Concrete Fords
Concrete ford crossings shall be used only
where the foundation of the stream crossing is
determined to have adequate bearing strength
Concrete shall have a minimum compressive
strength of 3,000 psi at 28 days. Concrete ford
crossings shall have a minimum thickness of .
placed concrete of 5 inches with minimum
reinforcement of 6-inch by 6-inch, 6 gauge
welded wire fabric. The concrete slab shall be
poured on a minimum 4-inch thick rock base,
unless the foundation is otherwise acceptable.
Precast concrete panels may be used in lieu of
cast -in -place concrete slabs. Precast concrete
units shall comply with ACI 525 or 533, or as
otherwise acceptable for local conditions.
When heavy equipment loads are anticipated,
the concrete slab shall be designed using an
appropriate procedure as described in
American Concrete Institute, ACI 360, Design
of Slabs on Grade.
Geocell and/or Rock Ford Crossings
Rock ford crossings with geotextile shall be
used when the site has a soft or unstable
subgrade. Ford crossings made of stabilizing
material such as rock riprap are often used in
steep areas subject to flash flooding, where
normal flow is shallow or intermittent.
The bed of the channel shall be excavated to
the necessary depth and width, below potential
scout lines, and covered with geotextile
material. The geotextile material shall be
installed on the excavated surface of the ford
and shall extend across the bottom of the
stream and at least up to the 10-year, 24-hour
peak discharge elevation, Where stream
channels are composed of stable coarse rock
material or solid bedrock, the requirement to
extend the geotextile across the channel
bottom may be waived upon written approval
of the area engineer.
Cutoff trenches shall be installed along the
upper ends of entrance and exit ramps and on
both the upstream and downstream sides of
the stream crossing. The downstream trench
578 - 3
may be omitted on crossings with drainage
areas less than 300 acres.
The geotextile material shall be covered with at
least 8 inches of coarse aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
NCDOT for ABC coarse aggregate. Washed
stone or gravel shall be used in streams
designated as NC Designated Public Mountain
Trout Waters and their upper tributaries.
If using-geocells, the cells shall be at least 6
inches deep. All geosynthetic material shall be
suitably durable and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations, including the use of
staples, clips and anchor pins.
At minimum, all rock ford stream crossings
shall be designed to remain stable during the
10-year, 24-hour peak discharge.
CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid or minimize stream crossings, when
possible, through evaluation of alternative trail
or travel -way locations.
Ford crossings have the least detrimental
impact on water quality when crossing is
infrequent. Ford crossings are adapted for
crossing wide, shallow watercourses with firm
streambeds.
Stream crossings should be located where
adverse environmental impacts will be
minimized and considering the following:
• Effects on up -stream and down -stream
flow conditions that could result in
increases in erosion, deposition, or
flooding.
• Short term and construction -related effects
on water quality.
. . Effects on fish passage and wildlife
habitats.
• Effects on culturai resources.
• Overall effect on erosion and
sedimentation that will be caused by the
installation of the crossing and any
necessary stream diversion.
Where stream crossings are used, evaluate
the need for safety measures such as
NRCS, NC
September 2004

578-4
guardrails at culvert or bridge crossing, or
water depth signage at ford crossings.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for stream crossings
shall be in keeping with this standard and shall
describe the requirements for applying the
practice to achieve its intended purpose.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
An operation and maintenance plan shall be
developed and implemented for the life of the
practice.
All stream crossings, appurtenances, and
associated fences shall be inspected at least
annually and after each major storm event with
repairs made as needed.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

UNITED STATE3�1"OSL�'�/lC'
�"`'`�'' }'
P.
;i; bmAdim Fermi No. G-14
IT —
Sender: Please print your name, address, and ZIP+4 in this box •
Aquifer Protection Section
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
' 585 Waughtown Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27107-2241
7s Trrlflflzrrlirr�!'�1rrllflllrllllrilllrrf�rllll�rf�rffrlrllroil

■ Complete Items 1, 2, and 3. Also complete
item 4 it Restricted Delivery Is desired.
a Print your�name and address on the reverse
so that we can return the card to you.
■ Attach this card to the back of the mailpiece,
or on the front if space permits.
1. Article Addressed to:
Mr. Twiman Caudle
3101 Reece Road
Boonville, NC 27011
A Signature
X ❑ Agent
❑ Addresser
B. Received by ( Printed me) C. Date of Deliver)
.�/iZal�f4�v�,s aJ�g1c7
D. Is deliveryaddress differert from kem 1? ❑ Yes
If YES, enter delivery address below: ❑ No
3. Serylce Type
Certified Mall
i ❑ Registered
❑ Insured Mail
❑ Kpress Mall
CITReturn Receipt for Merchandise
❑ C.O.D.
4. Restricted Delivery? (Extra Fee) ❑ Yes-
- 7004 2510 02 2066�9880,j` Nod
February 2004 Domestic Return Receipt �� / =p 10259542-M-154

UNITED STAfEiCH i ir„f^;.D3 .A.: :M1; F1f5'� lass a11� �,
d.'Y f'
• Sender: Please print your name, address, and ZIP+4 in this box •
rN—CDENR/M
AQUIFER PROTECTION SECTION
585 WAUG1-ITOWN STREET
WINSTON-SALEM, NC 27107-2241

■ Complete items 1, 2, and 3. Also complete
Item 4 if Restricted Delivery is desired.
■ Print your name and address on the reverse
so that we can return the card to you.
■ Attach this card to the back of the maiipiece,
or on the front if space permits.
1. Article Addressed to:
Mr; Twilnan Candle
3101 Reece Road
Boonville, NC 27011
A. Signature
X Agent
2!!!:r7&A Addressee
B. Receded PrY ed Name) C. ate of Deiivery
D. Is delivery address diffewt from Item 17 ❑ Yes
If YES, enter delivery address below: ❑ No
3. Se Type
Eff Certified Mail 0 Eoess Mall
❑ Registered UrPleturn Receipt for Merchandise
❑ Insured Mail ❑ C.O.D.
14. Restricted Deilvery 7 (Fxba Fbo 13 Yes -
2. ArtkieNum ' f l l 7004 2510 0002 2066.19.682,v' ,
M.�
(Transfer
PS Forrrr 3811, February 2004 Domestic Return Receipt — sr D 7 102595-024-1540

RHCEIVED
Stream Crossing Natural Bottom H.c,popt,ctl^NR
Name Date County n" 7 2M
a d G o 9 a d; �inal ; O to,e,
maI Ottice
33I . 3 6 -1 . '1 ( 6,3 `
S" Berm S "
Berm Natural ground
Excavate banks
down to grade \
After excavated
install cloth &
ABC gravel 7:
Excavate on either side
of channel 1.5 feet deep
by 3 feet wide
No eu: or)
sr01e
st & Fence o
n-� Cut slope = n
1
Flow
1.5" Deep
x 12" wide
49 !slope
8:1 minimum
8 inch layer of
ABC (crusher run)
Fill with Erosion Control Stone
Channel And cap with 3" to 4" of ABC
Use c td
O slope f lBQ YC �-trG S
/
!'7 (8 min)
(8 min)
v_
v
O
I
V
V
0
_ C- le4n D"f < X.�'r°R—Coss �'6►A 6Mo& U-, rc„V" n s
1 Contact NRCS/District personnel to set flags for construction layout
2 Personnel will need to review design and layout with owner and grading contractor
3 Excavate to grade as shown.
4 Construct berms to divert flow away from stream crossing Anchoring Pin detail
5 See other design data (Plotted profile and cross -sections required) f� 4" �
6 You will need: one piece of filter cloth /oZ feet wide by feet long 6"
,S_I _ pins to hold filter cloth in place # 3 bar (required on seams and edges) I8"
No. 3 re -bar
aa_tons of erosion control stone (surge stone) �'' } }.: cK t I -
.59 tons of ABC crusher run 5� {-}+: `�
USDA NRCS .
1 !O Drainage Area ac. P//q �e)aw W/,S da,, Approved by e Ca S
Designed by
7Z Job Class 3ar% Jc h �. 5 " Date 3
he L{•C
plan . �ri � V�
mq�er:a) .

NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD
STREAM CROSSING
(No.)
CODE 578
DEFINITION
A stabilized area or structure constructed
across a stream to provide a travel way for
people, livestock, equipment, or vehicles.
PURPOSE
■ Improve water quality by reducing
sediment, nutrient, organic, and inorganic
loading of the stream.
• Reduce streambank and streambed
erosion,
• Provide crossing for access to another
land unit.
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
This practice applies to all land uses where an
intermittent or perennial watercourse exists
and a ford, bridge, or culvert type crossing is
desired for livestock, people, and /or
equipment.
CRITERIA
Location, Stream crossings shall be located
in areas where the streambed is stable, where
grade control can be provided to create a
stable condition, or upstream of where a
natural barrier such as a rock seam or large
boulder exists. Avoid sites where channel
grade or alignment changes abruptly,
excessive seepage or instability is evident,
overfalls exist, or large tributaries enter the
stream.
Wetland areas shall be avoided to the
maximum extent possible. Cuts and fills in
wetlands and the waters of the United States
578 - 1
will require permits. Consult the Army Corps
of Engineers and the North Carolina State
Division of Water Quality and Department of
Environment and Natural Resources for permit
requirements.
Locate crossings, where possible, out of shady
riparian areas to discourage cattle loafing time
in the stream.
Stream crossings shall provide a way for
normal passage of water, fish and other
aquatic animals within the channel during all
seasons of the year.
Crossings shall be installed perpendicular to
the direction of the flow of the stream. Skews
shall be avoided on all but the smallest
streams. Stream crossings shall not be
installed in a newly located or constructed
channel.
Access Roads. Where high rates of erosion.
of the adjacent roadways that slope towards
the crossing threaten to deliver an excessive
amount of sediment to the drainage, install
measures to minimize erosion of the roadside
ditch, road surface, and/or cut slopes. Where
the stream crossing is installed as part of a
roadway, the crossing shall be in accordance
with NRCS Conservation Practice Standard,
560, Access Road,
Width. The stream crossing shall provide an
adequate travel -way width for the intended
use. A multi -use stream crossing shall have a
travel -way no less than 10 feet wide. Width
shall be measured from the upstream end to
the downstream end of the stream crossing
and shall not include the side slopes.
Crossings shall be no more than 20 feet wide.
Side Slopes. All cuts and fills for the stream
crossing shall have side slopes that are stable
Conservation practice standards are reviewed perlodically, and updated it needed. To obtain
the current version of this standard, contact the Natural Resources Conservation Service,
NRCS, NC
September 2004

578-2
for the soil involved. Side slopes of earth cuts
or fills shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal to
1 vertical. Rock cuts or fills shall be no
steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical.
Stream Approaches. Approaches to the
stream crossing shall blend with existing site
conditions where possible, and shall not be
steeper than 5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Unless
the foundation geology is otherwise
acceptable, the approaches shall be stable,
have a gradual ascent or descent grade, and
be underlain with suitable material, as
necessary, to withstand repeated and long
term use. The minimum width of the
approaches shall be equal to the width of the
crossing surface. Minimum length of the
approaches shall be 20 feet.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around the
approaches to prevent erosion of the
approaches. Roadside ditches shall be
directed into a diversion or away from the
crossing surface.
Rock. All rock shall be chosen to withstand
exposure to air, water, freezing and thawing.
When rock is used, it shall be sufficiently large
and dense so that it is not mobilized by design
flood flows.
Feencina. Areas adjacent to the stream
crossing shall be permanently fenced or
otherwise excluded, as needed, to manage
livestock access to the crossing.
When stream crossings are in pasture fields, a
gate will be installed at the entrance of the
crossing to prevent continuous livestock
access to the stream, as needed.,,
Cross -stream fencing at fords shall be
accomplished with breakaway wire, swinging
floodgates, hanging electrified chain or other
devices to allow the passage of floodwater
debris during high flows.
All fencing shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with NRCS Conservation
Practice Standard 382, Fence.
Vegetation. All areas to be vegetated shall be
planted as soon as practical after construction.
Use NRCS Conservation Practice Standard
342, Critical Area Planting, as appropriate, to
establish vegetation.
NRCS, NC
September 2004
Criteria for Culvert and Bridae Crossinas
Design of culverts and bridges shall be
consistent with sound engineering principles
and shall be adequate for the use, type of
road, or class of vehicle. Culverts and bridges
shall have sufficient capacity to convey -the
design flow without appreciably altering the
stream flow characteristics.
Culverts shall be sized to handle at least the
bankfull flow or the peak runoff from the 2-
year, 24-hour peak discharge, whichever is
less. Crossings shall be adequately protected
so that out -of -bank flows safely bypass without
structure or streambank damage, or erosion of
the crossing fill. Additional culverts may be
used at various elevations to maintain terrace
or floodplain hydraulics.
The length of the culvert shall be adequate to
extend the full width of the crossing, including
side slopes. At least one culvert pipe shall be
placed on or below grade with the existing
stream bottom.
Acceptable culvert materials include concrete,
corrugated metal, corrugated plastic, new or
used high quality steel and other materials
approved by the engineer.
Acceptable bridge materials include concrete,
steel, and wood.
Criteria for Ford Crossinas
When ford crossings are used, the cross -
sectional area of the crossing shall not be less
than the natural channel cross -sectional area.
A portion of the crossing shall be depressed at
or below the average stream bottom elevation
When needed to keep base flows or low flows
concentrated.
Cutoff walls shall be provided at the upstream
and downstream edges of ford -type stream
crossings when needed to protect against
undercutting.
The finished top surface of the ford type
stream crossing in the bottom of the
watercourse shall be no higher than the
original stream bottom at the upstream edge of
the ford crossing. If the downstream edge of
the ford crossing is above the original stream
bottom, the ford crossing shall be stabilized in
accordance with NRCS Conservation Practice
Standard 584, Stream Channel Stabilization.

Where rock is used for ford type stream
crossings for livestock, use a hoof contact
zone or alternative surfacing method over the
surfacing rock.
Concrete Fords
Concrete ford crossings shall be used only
where the foundation of the stream crossing is
determined to have adequate bearing strength.
Concrete shall have a minimum compressive
strength of 3,000 psi at 28 days. Concrete ford
crossings shall have a minimum thickness of
placed concrete of 5 inches with minimum
reinforcement of 6-inch by 6-inch, 6 gauge
welded wire fabric. The concrete slab shall be
poured on a minimum 4-inch thick rock base,
unless the foundation is otherwise acceptable.
Precast concrete panels may be used in lieu of
cast -in -place concrete slabs. Precast concrete
units shall comply with ACI 525 or 533, or as
otherwise acceptable for local conditions.
When heavy equipment loads are anticipated,
the concrete slab shall be designed using an
appropriate procedure as described in
American Concrete Institute, ACI 360, Design
of Slabs on Grade.
Geocell and/or Rock Ford Crossings
Rock ford crossings with geotextile shall be
used when the site has a soft or unstable
subgrade. Ford crossings made of stabilizing
material such as rock riprap are often used in
steep areas subject to flash flooding, where
normal flow is shallow or intermittent.
The bed of the channel shall be excavated to
the necessary depth and width, below potential
scout lines, and covered with geotextile
material. The geotextile material shall be
installed on the excavated surface of the ford
and shall extend across the bottom of the
stream and at least up to the 10-year, 24-hour
peak discharge elevation. Where stream
channels are composed of stable coarse rock
material or solid bedrock, the requirement to
extend the geotextile across the channel
bottom may be waived upon written approval
of the area engineer.
Cutoff trenches shall be installed along the
upper ends of entrance and exit ramps and on
both the upstream and downstream sides of
the stream crossing. The downstream trench
578 - 3
may be omitted on crossings with drainage
areas less than 300 acres.
The geotextile material shall be covered with at
least 8 inches of coarse aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
NCDOT for ABC coarse aggregate. Washed
stone or gravel shall be used in streams
designated as NC Designated Public Mountain
Trout Waters and their upper tributaries.
If using geocells, the cells shall be at least 6
inches deep. All geosynthetic material shall be
suitably durable and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations, including the use of
staples, clips and anchor pins.
At minimum, all rock ford stream crossings
shall be designed to remain stable during the
10-year, 24-hour peak discharge.
CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid or minimize stream crossings, when
possible, through evaluation of alternative trail
or travel -way locations.
Ford crossings have the least detrimental
impact on water quality when crossing is
infrequent. Ford crossings are adapted for
crossing wide, shallow watercourses with firm
streambeds.
Stream crossings should be located where
adverse environmental impacts will be
minimized and considering the following;
• Effects on up -stream and down -stream
flow conditions that could result in
increases in erosion, deposition, or
flooding,
• Short term and construction -related effects
on water quality.
• Effects on fish passage and wildlife
habitats.
• Effects on cultural resources.
• Overall effect on erosion and
sedimentation that will be caused by the
installation of the crossing and any
necessary stream diversion.
Where stream crossings are used, evaluate
the need for safety measures such as
NRCS, NC
September 2004

578-4
guardrails at culvert or bridge crossing, or
water depth signage at ford crossings.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for stream crossings
shall be in keeping with this standard and shall
describe the requirements for applying the
practice to achieve its intended purpose.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
An operation and maintenance plan shall be
developed and implemented for the life of the
practice.
All stream crossings, appurtenances, and
associated fences shall be inspected at least
annually and after each major storm event with
repairs made as needed.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE SPECIFICATION
STREAM CROSSING (FORD CROSSINGS)
(No.)
CODE 578
.•lIM_l:1l11ic
All trees and brush shall be removed
from the area before excavation starts
The foundation shall be cleared of all
stumps, roots, brush, sod, and other
debris. All waste materials shall be
disposed of in a sightly and
workmanlike manner in designated
areas out of the natural floodway.
FOUNDATION EXCAVATION
All material shall be removed from the
foundation of the stream crossing to
the depths, widths, and lengths
required by the design. Excavation
may be limited to one side of the
stream at a time in order to facilitate
diversion of the stream. It may be
advantageous to divert the stream
flows around the site using a pipe or
ditch or to temporarily impound the
stream during construction. Trenches
shall be excavated along the upper
ends of entrance and exit ramps and
on both the upstream and downstream
sides of the stream crossing for
geotextile installation.
GEOTEXTILES
A geotextile (fabric filter cloth) shall be
installed under the entire crossing as
well as in the toe trenches. In the
S578 - 1
upstream toe trenches, the geotextile
shall be back lapped over its own
trench.
The geotextile shall be a non -woven
needle -punched material with a
minimum tensile strength of 120 lbs.
(minimum average roll value). The
geotextile shall be placed on a grade
parallel to the natural streambed prior
to construction.
The geotextile shall be toed into the
trenches and the trenches backfilled
with course stable soil or crushed
stone. Longitudinal ends of the
geotextile shall be lapped back over
the top of the backfill-toe trench a
minimum of one foot beyond the edge
of the trench and anchored to the
fabric using anchoring pins placed on
five foot centers. When more that one
width of geotextile is required, the
downstream panel shall be installed
first. The next upstream panel shall be
installed with a minimum of 18 inches
overlap over the first section.
Anchoring pins shall be installed on
three foot centers six inches from the
downstream edge of the lap. Pins
shall penetrate both sections of
geotextile in the lap. See Form NC-
ENG-45 for typical example.
Tears should be repaired immediately
by removing all surface material and
soil from the tear for minimum distance
NRCS, NC
September 2004

S578 - 4
of 18 inches in all directions of the tear
Spread a new section of geotextile
material over the cleared area and
anchor with anchoring pins around all
sides.
ANCHORING PINS
Anchoring pins shall be fabricated
using No. 3 reinforcing steel or material
of equivalent or greater size and
durability and shaped as shown on
Form NC-ENG-45. All pins shall be
installed with the top width lying
perpendicular (at right angles) to the
direction of flow in the stream. Pins
shall be driven vertically into
undisturbed soil to provide maximum
resistance to removal.
Anchoring pins shall be installed
through all overlapped fabric and
across the width of the channel bottom
on approximately three foot centers.
The minimum number of anchoring
pins to be used shall be as shown in
Table 1.
Table 1.
Minimum Number of Anchoring Pin Re uired
Number of Fabric S ri s
Factor Times Total
Across Channel
Length of crossing
1
0.85
2
1.30
Example:
Stream crossing 80 feet in total length
using two adjacent strips of fabric for a
crossing width of 20 feet. Minimum
number of pins is 1.3 times 80 feet for a
total of 104 pins. Specify 110 anchoring
pins.
Care should be taken not to rip the
fabric while installing pins. Pins should
NRCS,NC
September 2004
be sharpened to permit easy
penetration through fabric through a
small opening. Fabric will fit tightly
around anchoring pins with sharpened
ends. If a pin must be removed for any
reason, plug the opening created by
the pin with a wadded ball of
geotextile.
Lightweight wire staples such as used
to anchor mulch netting may be used
to hold the geotextile in place
temporarily while construction is in
progress. Such staples are not
adequate to provide permanent
anchoring of the geotextile.
SURFACING MATERIAL
Acceptable material consisting of
coarse sands and/or gravel, if present
in the foundation excavation, may be
stockpiled for later use in the toe
trenches or on the roadway. Large
washed stone or creek gravel may be
used to prepare a foundation for the
geotextile in unstable soils.
Coarse stone may be used as a
subgrade filler between the geotextile
and the surfacing material. The
surface of the crossing shall consist of
a layer, a minimum of 8 inches thick, of
course aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
the North Carolina DOT for ABC
course aggregate. Washed stone or
gravel shall be used in streams
designated as North Carolina
Designated Public Mountain Trout
Waters and their upper tributaries.
Surfacing material will be spread such
that a minimum of six inches of cover
exists on the geotextile before tracked
equipment is operated over it. Failure
to cover the cloth with an adequate
layer of stone at sites with fine sand or

non -plastic silts and clays may result in
the creation of "mud bubbles" in the
geotextile.
FINISH GRADES AND SLOPES
Crossings shall be no less than 10 feet
and no more than 20 feet wide in
upstream direction between the fence
posts.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around
the entrance and exit slopes to prevent
erosion of the surfacing materials.
Runoff shall be diverted either
upstream or downstream to a point
from which it cannot flow back toward
the entrance or exit ramp.
The finished surfacing should be on
the same grade as the natural
streambed above and below the site.
Failure to match the natural streambed
grade may result in erosion of the
surfacing materials or undesirable
siltation in the crossing area.
FENCING
Fence posts along each side of the
crossing shall be installed inside the
area covered with geotextile and stone
When stream crossings are in pasture
fields, a gate will be installed at the
entrance of the crossing to prevent
continuous livestock access to the
stream. Fence posts with sharpened
ends shall be driven through the
geotextile in the center of the trenches,
The wire should be placed on the
downstream side of the posts on each
fence line. Strands of wire should not
be continuous across the crossing, but
shall be cut above the normal high
water line and secured lightly to the
posts so that a buildup of trash will pull
the wire away from the post,.allowing
the trash to move downstream.
S578 - 3
JOB ORGANIZATION
All materials should be available and
ready at the site to allow completion of
the crossing in one working day.
Materials such as the geotextile,
anchoring pins, staples, pointed fence
posts and surfacing stone should be at
the site before commencing
construction. Proper equipment should
be at the site and ready for an early
morning start.
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Landowners and contractors should be
advised of the use of proper
equipment. Improper equipment will
result in inability to properly construct
the crossing and excessive cost of
construction.
Experience has proved that certain
types of construction equipment are
more suitable for installation of stream
crossing than others. Where crossings
are on small watercourses with stable
subsoils, equipment choice may not be
critical. Where non -plastic silts and
clays or unstable fine sands are
anticipated in the subgrade material,
the following observations should be
noted:
• Tracked equipment is superior to
rubber tired equipment.
• Crawler tractors with angle dozer or
bulldozer blades and fixed bucket
front end loaders should be
avoided.
• Smaller, lighter dump trucks to
deliver surfacing material will cause
less damage to approaches than
large trucks.
• Track mounted hydraulic
excavators with reaches of 25 feet
NRCS, NC
September 2004

S578 - 4
or more provide the best and
fastest installation.
• A tracked front end loader with a 4
in I clamshell type bucket and a
large rubber tired backhoe provide
the best installation if a hydraulic
excavator is not available.
A farm tractor with a scraper blade
is very useful.
A gasoline powered pump and
hose should be available for
pumping excess water from
trenches.
NRCS,NC
September 2004

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r-RSCEtVED
r 4 N.C. Dept. cf ENR
JUN 01 2008
Winstornsalem
Regional Off1C@
May 30, 2008
CERTIFIED MAIL
RETURN RECEIPT; REQUESTED
RECEIPT # 7006 2150 0003 5466 6885
Mr. Twiman Caudle
Twiman Caudle Farm
3101 Reece Road
Booneville, NC 27011
SUBJECT: Assessment of Civil Penalties for Violation(s) of
N.C. General Statute(s) 143-215.1
Farm # 99-32
Yadkin County
File No. SS-2008-0004
Permit No. AWD990032
Dear Mr. Caudle:
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr.. Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Coleen H. Sullins Director
Division of Water Quality
This letter transmits notice of a civil penalty assessed against Twiman Caudle in the amount of
$4948.44, which includes $1,948.44 in investigative costs. Attached- is a copy of the assessment
document explaining this penalty. '
This action was taken under the authority vested in me by delegation provided by the Secretary of
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Director of the Division of Water Quality.
Any continuing violation(s) may be the subject of a new enforcement action, including an additional
penalty.
Within thirty days of receipt of this notice, you must do one of the following three items:
1. Submit payment of the penalty:
Payment should be made to the order of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources. Payment -of the penalty will not foreclose further enforcement
action for any continuing or new violation(s). Do not include the attached waiver
form if making payment.
Please send payment to the attention of.
Miressa D. Garoma
DWQ
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1636
Ono
Ni Carolina
Naturally
Aquifer Protection Section 1636 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1636 Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.newaterquality,org Location: 2728 Capital Boulevard Raleigh, NC 27604 Fax 1: [phone]
Fax 2: [phone]
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer— 50% Recycledll0% Post Consumer Paper Customer Service: [phone]

Twiman Caudle •
Page 2
April 7, 2008
2. Submit a written request for remission including a detailed ,justification for such request:
Please be aware that a request for remission is limited to consideration of the five factors listed
below as they may relate to the reasonableness of the amount of the civil penalty assessed.
Requesting remission is not the proper procedure for contesting whether the violation(s) occurred
or the accuracy of any of the factual statements contained in the civil penalty assessment
document, Because a remission request forecloses the option of an administrative hearing, such a
request must be accompanied by a waiv-,.er: of_your_right_to_an_adnunistrative_hearing and a
stipulation and agreement that no factual or legal issues are in dispute. Please prepare a detailed
statement that establishes why you believe the civil penalty should be remitted, and submit it to
the Division of Water Quality at the address listed below. In determining whether a remission
request will be approved, the following factors shall be considered
(1) whether one or more of the civil penalty assessment factors in NCGS 143B-282.1(b)
were wrongfully applied to the detriment of the violator;
(2) whether the violator promptly abated continuing environmental damage resulting from
the violation;
(3) whether the violation was inadvertent or a result of an accident;
(4) whether the violator has been assessed civil penalties for any previous violations; or
(5) whether payment of the civil penalty will prevent payment for the remaining necessary
remedial actions.
Please note at all evidence presented in support of your request for remission must be submitted
in writing.The Director of the Division of Water Quality will review your evidence and inform
you of his decision in the matter of your remission request. The response will provide details
regarding the case status, directions for payment, and provision for further appeal of the penalty
to the Environmental Management Commission's Committee on Civil Penalty Remissions
(Committee), be advised that the Committee cannot consider information that was not part
of the origina remission request considered by the Director. Therefore, it is very important that
you prepare a complete and thorough statement in support of your request for remission,
In order to request remission, you must complete and submit the enclosed "Request for
Remission of Civil Penalties, Waiver of Right to an Administrative Hearing, and Stipulation of
Facts" form within thirty (30) days of receipt of this notice. The Division of Water Quality also
requests that you complete and submit the enclosed "Justification for Remission Request." Both
forms should be submitted to the following address:
Miressa d. Garoma
Division of Water Quality
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
OR
3. ' File a petition for an administrative hearing with the Office of Administrative Hearings:
If you wish to contest any statement in the attached assessment document you must file a petition
for an administrative hearing. You may obtain the petition form from the Office of
Administrative Hearings. You must file the petition with the Office of Administrative Hearings
within thirty (30) days of receipt of this notice. A petition is considered filed when it is received
in the Office of Administrative Hearings during normal office hours. The Office of
Administrative Hearings accepts filings Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:00 a.m.

Twiman Caudle .
Page 3
April 7, 2008
and 5:00 p.m., except for official state holidays. The original and one (1) copy of the petition
must be filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings. The petition may be faxed - provided
the original and one copy of the document is received in the Office of Administrative Hearings
within five (5) business days following the faxed transmission. The mailing address for the
Office of Administrative Hearings is:
Office of Administrative Hearings
6714 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-6714
Telephone [phone] Facsimile: [phone]
A copy of the petition must also be served on DENR as follows:
Ms. Mary Penny Thompson, Registered Agent
DENR
1601 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
Please mail or hand deliver a copy to:
Miressa D. Garoma
DWQ
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
Please indicate the case number (as found on page one of this letter) on the petition.
Failure to exercise one of the options above within thirty (30) days of receipt of this letter, as evidenced
by an internal date/time received stamp (not a postmark), will result in this matter being referred to the
Attorney General's Office for collection of the penalty through a civil action. - Please be advised that
additional penalties may be assessed for violations that occur after the review period of this assessment.
If you have any questions, please contact Miressa D. Garoma at [phone].
Sincerely,
r Imo'
Theodore L. Bush, Jr., Chief
Aquifer Protection Section
Division of Water Quality
ATTACHMENTS
cc: Sherri Knight, Winston-Salem APS Regional Supervisor wl attachments
.Melissa Rosebrock, WSRO w/ attachments
File # SS-2008-0004 wl attachments
APS Central Files w/ attachments
Susan'Massengale w/ attachments

0
0
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF YADKIN
IN THE MATTER OF
TWIMAN CAUDILL
FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE
WATER QUALITY STANDARD FOR
FECAL COLIFORM
15A NCAC 0213. 0211(3)(e)
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
File No. SS-2008-0004
FINDINGS AND DECISIONS
AND ASSESSMENT OF
CIVIL PENALTIES
Acting pursuant to delegation provided by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources and the Director of the Division of Water Quality, I, Theodore L. Bush Jr.,
Chief of the Aquifer Protection Section of the Division of Water Quality (DWQ), make the
following:
I. FINDINGS OF FACT:
A. Twiman Caudill owns and operates a beef cattle operation located along Abraham Road
in Yadkin County.
B. The Caudill farm was deemed permitted as a non -discharge facility on February 1, 1993 in
accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0217.
C. On December 11, 2006, DWQ staff visited the Caudle farm in response to a complaint
alleging that cows had direct access to North Deep Creek, a Class C stream within the
Yadkin River Basin.
D. Staff observed that on December 11,at least 88 cattle had direct access to the
stream. DWQ staff also documented severe stream bank erosion and the deposition of up
to seven inches of sediment impacting at least 2000 linear feet of North Deep Creek due
to excessive cattle traffic. Fecal Coliform—samples-collected downstream -oL all -cattle
activity contained 3400 colonies per NO_m1�of:samtale.:The Water; Oualitv_Standard_for
Notice of Violation was sent to
i stream standard violations.
E. The WSRO received Mr. Caudle's response to the
anuazy20Q7 N0� p ij- 1,
�ebruarj3L,31,
0,7�, in which he stated that he would begin working with the Yadkin Soil and -Water
Conservation District (SWCD) to resolve the water quality violations. Regional office
staff and Yadkin SWCD met with Twiman Caudle onsite on acch�l9,_2l7 to discuss
his plans for cattle exclusion. Yadkin SWCD approved up to $19,639 in Agricultural

Cost Share Program money for the installation of a well, watering tanks, fencing, gates,
etc.
F. n ay 9s 2007 wiman Caudle voluntarily signed a SWCD form stating that
Twiman
V
G. DWQ staff returned to the Caudle farm on five (5) occasions between December 13,
2007 and January 7, 2008 in order to conduct sampling events to determine if water
quality standard violations for fecal coliform were continuing in North Deep Creek.
H. Samples collected revealed fecal coliform bacteria ranging from 700 colonies per�l,00,m1,
oL samnle_to as high as >60.000 colonies tier 100 ml of samtile. The Water Oualitv
1 0 ml of sample in five samples within a_30_day period he„Tge, ametric-mean was
3.+^ + sYL.R... -vnyr ww�aW +tf':,--,0,#, y�c �_�' " riwF,•�ra. n,�-.,
465�1;.4�colonies-per f0�agm1 The standard also states that -no sample shall exceed 400
colonies per 100 ml in 20 percent of the samples collected. One sample equals 20 per
cent and the lowest sample was greater than 400 colonies per 100 ml.
1. The costs to the State of the enforcement procedures in this matter totaled $1948.44
Based upon the above Findings of Fact, I make the following:
II. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW:
A. Twiman Caudle is a " person" within the meaning of G.S. 143-215.6A pursuant to G.S.
143-212(4).
B. North Deep Creek constitutes waters of the State within the meaning of G.S. 143-215.1
pursuant to G.S. 143-212(6).
C. Twiman Caudle violated 15A NCAC 02B. 0211(3)(e) by conducting or controlling an
activity causing the concentration of fecal coliform bacteria in surface water to exceed
the water quality standards adopted pursuant to G.S. 143-214.1.
D. Twiman Caudle may be assessed civil penalties in this matter pursuant to G.S. 143-
2i5.6A(a)(1), which provides that a civil penalty of not more than Twenty five thousand
dollars ($25,000.00) per violation may be assessed against a person who violates any
classification, standard, limitation, or management practice pursuant to G.S. 143-214.1,
143-214.2, or 143-215.
E. The State's enforcement costs in this matter may be assessed against Twiman Caudle
pursuant to G.S. 143-215.3(a)(9) and G.S. 143B-282.1(b)(8).

F. The Aquifer Protection Section Chief, pursuant to delegation from the Director, Division
of Water Quality, and the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, has the authority to assess civil penalties in this matter.
Based upon the above Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, I make the following:
III. DECISION:
Accordingly, Twiman Caudle is hereby assessed a civil penalty of:
$ 4� 0 violations of 15A NCAC 02B. 0211•(3)(e).by, conducting activities that
caused the coricent atior► of -fecal co-Ai'orm bacteria in surface water to
exceed water quality standards.
$ 1948.44 Enforcement costs
$ q4 141 1& qqTOTAL AMOUNT DUE
As required by G.S. 143-215.6A(c), in determining the amount of civil penalty I have considered
the factors listed in G.S. 143B-282.1(b), which are:
(1) The degree and extent of harm to the natural resources of the State, to public health, or to
private property resulting from the violation;
(2) The duration and gravity of the violation;
(3) The effect on ground or surface water quantity or quality or on air quality;
(4) The cost of rectifying the damage;
(5) The amount saved by noncompliance;
(6) Whether the violation was committed willfully or intentionally;
(7) The prior record of the violator in complying or failing to comply with programs over which
the Environmental Management Commission has regulator;
(8) The costs to the State for the enforcement procedures.
(Date) Theodore L. Bush Jr., hief
Aquifer Protection Section
Division of Water Quality

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
March 24, 2008
MEMORANDUM:
To: Keith Larick
w
From: Sherri Knight
Melissa Rosebrock
Subject: Recommendation for Civil Penalty
Case # SS-2008-0004
Twiman Caudle, AWD990032
Yadkin County
Please find attached, documents supporting the Winston-Salem Regional Office's request
for a civil penalty assessment against Mr. Twiman Caudle for conducting or controlling an
activity which caused the fecal coliform bacteria in North Deep Creek to exceed the water quality
standard of 200 colonies/100 ml.
Staff of the Winston-Salem Regional Office Division of Water Quality (WSRO-DWQ)
has visited the beef cattle farm on several occasions, beginning with a visual 'observation on
September 26, 2006 and continuing with an investigation on December 11, 2006 resulting from
of a complaint alleging that the cattle were causing severe stream bank erosion and the deposition
of sediment into North Deep Creek (Class C waters of the State). The WSRO-DWQ issued a
Notice of Violation (NOV) on January 29, 2007 for the removal of best usage and settleable
solids caused by severe stream bank erosion and the deposition of up to seven inches of sediment
that was impacting at least 2000 linear feet of North Deep Creek due to excessive cattle traffic.
Our NOV also warned of the potential for future fecal coliform violations since one of the
downstream samples resulted in 3400 colonies /100 ML.
Mr. Caudle's written response to our initial NOV stated that he would begin working
with the Yadkin Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) to resolve the water quality
violations. Staff members from their office and DWQ met with Mr. Caudle on -site March 19,
2007, to begin working towards a solution. The Yadkin SWCD approved up to $19,639 in
Agricultural Cost Share Program monies for the installation of a well, watering tanks, fencing,
gates, etc. on the farm. Yadkin SWCD records show that on May 9, 2007 Mr. Caudle voluntarily
signed a form stating that he did not wish to participate in the Agricultural Cost Share Program
and did not want the technical or financial assistance offered by the Yadkin SWCD. Additionally,
he did not seek their teclmical or financial assistance during the fall of 2007, either.

Caudle Request for Civil Penalty
March 24, 2008
Page 2
As a result of Mr. Caudle's inaction, DWQ staff conducted follow-up inspections
December 13, 17, and 20, 2007 and January 2 and 7, 2008 in order to document continuing water
quality concerns. Fecal coliform stream samples were obtained during each visit resulting in an
upstream fecal coliform of 138.09 colonies/100 ML while downstream fecal coliform measured
4,651.39 colonies/100 ML. The downstream result is based upon individual laboratory results of.
>60000, 3200, 700, 2700, and >6000, respectively.
Visual observations indicate that a minimum of four inches of sediment has currently
been deposited into North Deep Creek due to the impact from approximately 2000 linear feet of
eroded and denuded stream banks. We also noted that at least 68 cattle have/had access to the
stream. The stream was observed to contain excessive fungal growth as well.
We request that you initiate appropriate action from your office and forward the attached
package to the Aquifer Protection Section Chief. The following items are being transmitted for
your review:
A) A completed "Findings and Decisions and Assessment of Civil Penalties."
B) A completed "Water Quality Enforcement Case Assessment Factors."
C) Most recent correspondence between violator, DWQ, and the Yadkin County SWCD
including a copy of the "NOV/NOI 10-day letter."
D) Photographs of the site, observed in 2006, 2007, and 2008.
E) Maps depicting the location of the property and impacted stream.
F) Field parameters, sample results, and COCs.
G) Supporting documents
Please contact Melissa Rosebrock in our office at [phone] for any additional
information you may need.
Attachments
cc: Winston-Salem Regional Office Facility Files
Central Files

Findings and Decisions
and
Assessment of Civil Penalties
Attachment A

•
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF YADKIN
IN THE MATTER OF
TWIMAN CAUDILL
FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE
WATER QUALITY STANDARD FOR
FECAL COLIFORM
15A NCAC 02B. 0211(3)(e)
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
File No. SS-2008-0004
FINDINGS AND DECISIONS
AND ASSESSMENT OF
CIVIL PENALTIES
Acting pursuant to delegation by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, I, Ted L. Bush, Chief of the Aquifer Protection Section of the Division of Water
Quality (DWQ), make the following:
I. FINDINGS OF FACT:
A. Twiman Caudill owns and operates a beef cattle operation located along Abraham Road
in Yadkin County (Parcel-I.D. # 58-0900-2844-44).
B. The Caudill farm was deemed permitted as a non -discharge facility on February 1, 1993
in accordance with Title 15A North Carolina Administrative Code Subchapter 2H
Section .0217 (15A NCAC 2H .0217).
C. On December 11, 2006, DWQ staff visited the Caudle farm in response to a complaint
alleging that cows had direct access to North Deep Creek, a Class C stream within the
Yadkin River Basin.
D. Staff observed that on December 11, 2006 at least 88 cattle had direct access to the
stream. DWQ staff also documented severe stream bank erosion and the deposition of up
to seven inches of sediment impacting at least 2000 linear feet of North Deep Creek due
to excessive cattle traffic. Fecal coliform samples collected downstream of all cattle
activity contained 3400 colonies per 100 ml of sample. The Water Quality Standard for
fecal coliform is 200 colonies per 100 ml of sample. A Notice of Violation was sent to
Twiman Caudle dated January 29, 2007 for the referenced stream standard violations.
E. The WSRO received Mr. Caudle's response to the January 2007 NOV on February 21,
2007 in which he stated that he would begin working with the Yadkin Soil and Water
Conservation District (SWCD) to resolve the water quality violations. Regional office
staff and Yadkin SWCD met with Twiman Caudle onsite on March 19, 2007 to discuss
his plans for cattle exclusion. Yadkin SWCD approved up to $19,639. in Agricultural

Cost Share Program money for the installation of a well, watering tanks, fencing, gates,
etc.
F. On May 9, 2007 Twiman Caudle voluntarily signed a SWCD form stating that he did not
wish to participate in the Agricultural Cost Share Program nor did he want the technical
or financial assistance offered by the Yadkin County SWCD office. Twiman Caudle did
not exclude cattle from the stream as he had proposed in his NOV response letter.
G. DWQ staff returned to the Caudle farm on five (5) occasions between December 13,
2007 and January 7, 2008 in order to conduct sampling events to determine if water
quality standard violations for fecal coliform were continuing in North Deep Creek.
H. Samples collected revealed fecal coliform bacteria ranging from 700 colonies per 100 ml
of sample to as high as >60,000 colonies per 100 ml of sample. The Water Quality
Standard for fecal coliform states that a geometric mean shall not exceed 200 colonies per
100 ml of sample in five samples within a 30-day period. The geometric mean was
4651.4. The standard also states that no sample shall exceed 400 colonies per 100 ml in
20 percent of the samples collected. One sample equals 20 per cent and the lowest sample
was greater than 400 colonies. A Notice of Violation/Notice of Intent to Enforce dated
February 7, 2008 was issued to Twiman Caudle for the referenced stream standard
violations. The Notice of Violation was sent Certified Mail and received by the Caudles.
The costs to the State of the enforcement procedures in this matter totaled $1948.44
Based upon the above Findings of Fact, I make the following:
11. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW:
A. Twiman Caudle is a " person" within the meaning of G.S. 143-215.6A pursuant to G.S.
143-212(4).
B. North Deep Creek constitutes waters of the State within the meaning of G.S. 143-215.1
pursuant to G.S. 143-212(6).
C. Twiman Caudle violated 15A NCAC 02B. 0211(3)(e) by conducting or controlling an
activity causing the concentration of fecal coliform bacteria in surface water to exceed
the water quality standards adopted pursuant to G.S. 143-214.1.
D. Twiman Caudle may be assessed civil penalties in this matter pursuant to G.S. 143-
215.6A(a)(1), which provides that a civil penalty of not more than Twenty five thousand
dollars ($25,000.00) per. violation may be assessed against a person who violates any
classification, standard, limitation, or management practice pursuant to G.S. 143-214.1,
143-214.2, or 143-215.
E. The State's enforcement costs in this matter may be assessed against Twiman Caudle
pursuant to G.S. 143-215.3(a)(9) and G.S. 143B-282. I (b)(8).

F. The Aquifer Protection Section Chief, pursuant to delegation from the Director, Division
of Water Quality, and the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, has the authority to assess civil penalties in this matter.
Based upon the above Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, I make the following:
11I. DECISION:
Accordingly, Twiman Caudle is hereby assessed a civil penalty of:
$ for violations of 15A NCAC 02B. 0211(3)(e)
for Fecal Coliform Bacteria.
$ - 1948.44 Enforcement costs
$ TOTAL AMOUNT DUE
As required by G.S. 143-215.6A(c), in determining the amount of civil penalty I have considered
the factors listed in G.S. 14313-282.1(b), which are:
(1) The degree and extent of harm to the natural resources of the State, to public health, or to
private property resulting from the violation;
(2) The duration and gravity of the violation;
(3) The effect on ground or surface water• quantity or quality or on air quality;
(4) The cost of rectifying the damage;
(5) The amount saved by noncompliance;
(6) Whether the violation was committed willfully or intentionally;
(7) The prior record of the violator in complying or failing to comply with programs over which
the Environmental Management Commission has regulator;
(8) The costs to the State for the enforcement procedures.
,(Date) Ted L. Bush, Chief
Aquifer Protection Section
Division of Water Quality

0
Assessment Factors
Violator: Twiman Caudle
Owner: Twiman Caudle
Region: Winston-Salem
1. The degree and extent of harm to the natural resources of the State, to public health or to
private property:
The section of North Deep Creek that flows through the Twiman Caudle property is
immediately downstream of a PL566 flood control structure. This 3 - 4 acre (surface water)
structure was built by the USDAINRCS in conjunction with Yadkin County in the late
1960s/early 1970s. While Twiman Caudle still owns the property containing the structure,
the county has a perpetual easement on the dam and the spillway portions. There are
restrictions on this structure with regard to grazing, harvesting of hay, etc. The fecal coliform
bacteria concentration at the spillway was 130 colonies/100 nil in 2006 and 138.1
colonies/ml in 2008 (geometric mean). Downstream fecal coliform was at least 3400
colonies/100 ml in 2006 and 465.1.4 colonies/100 ml in 2008 (geometric mean).
2. The duration and gravity of the violation:
DWQ has observed water duality problems at this farm since September 2006 (see incident
report #200700230 by WSRO staff). Over 2000 linear -feet of surface water has been
impacted due to sediment and stream bank erosion. This is a direct result of excessive cattle
traffic in and around the stream. Fecal coliform levels downstream of the Caudle farm have
gone from 3400 colonies/100 ml in 2006 to a geometric mean of at least 4651.4 colonies/100
ml in 2008. If allowed to continue unchecked, it is expected that conditions will deteriorate
further.
3. The effect on ground or surface water quantity or quality or on air quality:
DWQ has documented a water quality standard violation for fecal coliform bacteria
downstream of all cattle, just prior to the stream leaving the Caudle property. The fecal
coliform bacteria exceeded the water quality standard of 200 colonies/100 ml of sample.
Upstream geometric mean was 138.1 colonies/100 ml while the downstream geometric mean
was at least 4651.4 colonies/100 ml. If allowed to continue, it is expected that fecal coliform
levels will increase downstream, especially during the summer months.
4. The cost of rectifying the damage:
The cost of fencing the cattle out of the stream and establishing adequate buffers would be
needed. Cost estimates from Spring 2007 state that fencing and stream crossings, along with
providing an alternative watering source, would likely run at least $26,000. With today's cost
it could be higher.

•
Assessment Factors
Twiman Caudle
Page 2
5. The amount of money saved by noncompliance:
The initial costs of digging a well, installing stream crossings, fencing and watering devices
along with the maintenance for almost two years. An estimate for a total package from the
Yadkin Soil Water Conservation District listed at least $26,000.00 in BMPs needed at the
Caudle Farm. (See attached)
6. Whether the violation was committed willfully or intentionally:
The stream standard violation was neither willful nor intentional, however, knowing that
there are water quality concerns and violations as a direct result of the cattle and choosing not
to act to correct the problems could be considered intentional.
7. The prior record of the violator in complying or failing to comply with programs over which
the Environmental Management Commission has regulatory authority:
Notice of Violation - January 29, 2007
- Settleable Solids (up to seven inches of sediment in the stream).
- At least 2000 linear feet of severe stream bank erosion.
- Fecal coliform more than the stream standard of 200 colonies per 100 ml sample. Upstream
was 130 col/100 ml while downstream was 3400 col/100 ml.
8. The costs to the State of the enforcement procedures.
Investigator - 20 hours field time
- 24 hours enforcement time
$ 555.80
$ 66696
Sherri Knight - 1 hour for enforcement review $ 35.00
Mileage 365 miles @ 0.33 cents /mile $ 120.45
Samples' $ 470.23
Administrative Costs $ 100.00
Total Cost $1948.44

0 0
Assessment Factors
Twiman Caudle
Page 3
9. Type of Violator:
Twiman Caudle operates a beef cattle operation. At the time of the December 2007 and
January 2008 violations, there were at least 88 adult cattle on site.
10. Violator's degree of cooperation (including efforts to restore) or recalcitrance:
Mr. Caudle was cooperative when dealing with DWQ representatives during this
investigation, He allowed staff on the property to conduct the required sampling. He sought,
but later turned down, any technical and financial assistance from the Yadkin Soil & Water
District during this investigation.
11. Mitigating factors:
None
12. Assessment factors:
A. IWC ---- NA
B. Receiving Stream ----- North Deep Creek/Cape Fear Basin
C. SOC/JOC--------- NA
D. Copy of MP Screen ----- NA
E. Copy of Limits Page ---- NA
F. Damage ------ Fecal Coliform Standards Violations
Certification:
I certify that the information in this report is true to the best of my knowledge.
03 a o Auzii" &A*-�
(Date) Principal Inve tigator

�N A jF Michael F. Easley, Governor
`O�� 9Q�i • William G. Ross Jr., secretary
' North C1o0epartment of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.N., Director
Division of Water Quality
Coleen H. Sullins, Deputy Director
Division of Water Quality
January 29, 2007
CERTIFIED MAIL # 7004 2510 0002 2066 9682
RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Mr. Twiman Caudle
3101 Reece Road
Boonville, NC 27011
SUBJECT: NOTICE OF VIOLATION
Best Usage and Settleable Solids Stream Standard Violations
Caudle Property, Parcel I.D. # 58-0900-2844-44
Yadkin County
Dear Mr. Caudle:
As the result of a complaint, Melissa Rosebrock from the Winston-Salem Regional Office of
the Division of Water Quality conducted a site inspection on December 11, 2006, of the above
property located along Abraham Road. Observations indicated that approximately 2000 linear feet
of North Deep Creek, Class "C" waters, had been impacted by (1) severe streambank erosion
caused by excessive cattle traffic, and (2) the deposition of sediment, up to seven inches in depth, in
the State's surface waters caused by unstable streambanks. Photographs and stream samples were
also obtained to document the stream impacts. Accordingly, the following violations of North
Carolina's Environmental Laws are confirmed:
(1) Removal of Best Usage - The stream impacts noted above constitute a violation of 15A
NCAC 2B .0211 (2) which states: "The waters will be suitable as a source of water supply for
drinking as well as aquatic life propagation and maintenance of biological integrity, wildlife,
and secondary recreation, and agriculture; sources of water pollution which preclude any of
these uses on either a short-term or long-term basis will be considered to be violating a water
quality standard. "
(2) Settleable Solids Violation - The deposition of solids to surface waters is a violation of 15A
NCAC 2B .0211(3) which states: "Floating solids; settleable solids; sludge deposits: only such
amounts attributable to sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes as will not make the water
unsafe or unsuitable for aquatic life and wildlife or impair the waters of any designated uses. "
No` Carolina
Naturally
N.C. Division of Water Quality 585 Waughtown street Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Customer Service 1(800) 623-7748

C1
Mr. Twiman Caudle
January 29, 2007
Page 2
Stream samples were also obtained and analyzed for dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, specific
conductance, nutrient levels, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, and fecal coliform. As
the results below indicate, there were no violations of the State's water quality standards for DO, pH,
or turbidity (there is no water quality standard for specific conductance, nutrients, or BOD). There is,
however, the possibility for future violations, especially during rain events and as conditions
deteriorate.
*Note especially, that the fecal coliform level was highly elevated downstream from the cattle
site. There is the expectation of a future fecal coliform violation should staff obtain five samples that
result in greater than 200 colonies/100 mL:
Upstream of Cattle Lot
Downstream of Cattle Lot
1 Fecal coliform = 130 col/100 mL
*Fecal coliform = 3400 col/100 mL
2 DO = 11.49 mg/L
DO = 11.26 mg/L
' pH = 5.85
pH = 6.90
`Turbidity 29 NTU
Turbidity = 35 NTU
NH3 = .18 mg/L
NH3 = 0.14 mg/L
TKN = 0.55 mg/L
TKN — L I mg/L
NO2+NO3 = 0.46 mg/L
NO2+NO3 = 0.49 mg/L
Total P = 0.05 mg/L
Total P = 0.22 mg/L
Specific conductance = 68.6 µs
Specific conductance = 66.5 ps
BOD = 2.0 mg/L
BOD = 9.6 mg/L
t The NC water quality standard far fecal coliform is 200 colonies /100 ml (maximum, geometric mean of f ve consecutive
.samples in 30 days).
The NC water quality standard for dissolved oxygen in this stream is 4.0 mg/L (minimum, instantaneous) and not less
than a daily average of 5.0 mg/L.
3 The NC water quality standard for pH is 6.0 - 9. 0 units.
4 The NC water quality standard for turbidity in this stream is 50 NTU (maximum).
Required Response and Corrective Action
The Division of Water Quality requires that the violations detailed above be abated
immediately. These violations, and any future violations, are subject to a civil penalty assessment
of up to $25,000 per day, per each violation. The Division of Water Quality requests that you
respond in writing to this office within twenty (20) days of receipt of this Notice. Your response
should include the following:
1. A plan detailing the restoring the impacted streams and adjoining riparian areas, including
cattle exclusion.
2. A schedule indicating proposed completion dates.

r
Mr. Twiman Caudle
January 29, 2007
Page 3
We ask that you give your immediate attention to this matter. - If you have questions
concerning this Notice, please contact Melissa Rosebrock or me at [phone].
Sincerely,
v
Sherri V. Knight
Regional Aquifer Protection Supervisor
cc: Todd Bennett — APS Animal Feeding Operations Unit
Yadkin County SWCD/NRCS
Central Files
SRO=b
ti

WArFA
� y
domr` 1<
• 0 Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E,, Director
Division of Water Quality
Coleen H. Sullins, Deputy Director
Division of Water Quality
CERTIFIED MAIL # 7004 2510 0002 2066 9880 February 7, 2008
RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Mr. Twiman Caudle
3101 Reece Road
Boonville, NC 27011
SUBJECT: Notice of Violation ! Notice of Intent to Enforce
Stream Standard Violations: Fecal Coliform, Other Wastes and Removal of Best Usage
Caudle Property, Parcel ID #58-0900-2844-44
Facility #99-32, Permit Number AWD990032
Yadkin County
Dear Mr. Caudle:
As you are aware, staff of the Winston-Salem Regional Office Division of Water Quality (WSRO-
DWQ) has visited your cattle farm on several occasions. A complaint investigation was first conducted by
the Division on December 11, 2006 as a result of a complaint aiieging that your cattle had caused severe
stream bank erosion and the deposition of sediment into North Deep Creek (Class C waters of the State).
Our initial findings resulted in the issuance of a Notice of Violation (NOV) on January 29, 2007 for Removal
of Best Usage and Settleable Solids Violations -The NOV documented severe stream bank erosion and the
deposition of up to seven inches of sediment impacting at least 2000 linear feet of North Deep Creek due to
excessive cattle traffic. This letter also warned of potential for future fecal coliform violations since one of
the downstream samples resulted in 3400 colonies 1100 ML.
Your written response to our initial NOV (received by our office February 21, 2007) stated that you
would begin working with the Yadkin Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) to resolve the water
quality violations. In fact, staff members from their office and DWQ met with you on -site March 19, 2007, to
begin working towards a solution. You indicated to both agencies that you intended to exclude cattle from
the stream as soon as passible. The Yadkin SWCD had approved up to $19,639 in Agricultural Cost Share
Program money for the installation of a well, watering tanks, fencing, gates, etc, on your farm and was to
provide technical assistance as well. Yadkin Soil and Water Conservation District records acknowledge that
on May 9, 2007 you voluntarily signed a form stating that you did not wish to participate in the Agricultural
Cost Share Program and did not want the technical or financial assistance offered by the Yadkin SWCD.
Additionally, their office also documents that you did not seek their technical or financial assistance during
the fall of 2007.
As a result of your inaction, DWQ staff conducted follow-up inspections December 13, 17, and 20,
2007 and January 2 and 7, 2008 in order to document continuing water quality concerns. Fecal coliform
o Caro a Naalur ))
N.C. Division of Water Quality 585 Waughtown Street Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Customer Service 1(800) 623-7748

Caudill - NOV1NO1
February 7, 2008
Page 2
stream samples were obtained during each visit resulting in an upstream fecal coliform measurement of
138.09 colonies1100 ML while downstream fecal coliform measured 4,651.39 coloniesl100 ML. Both
upstream and downstream results were calculated using the geometric mean of five samples obtained
within 30 days. The downstream result is based upon individual results of: >60,000; 3200; 700; 2700; and
>6000, respectively. As previously stated in our January 29, 2007 NOV, the NC water quality standard for
fecal coliform is 200 colonies1100 ML (maximum). Be advised that the above referenced downstream
sampling result of 4651.39 co11100 ML constitutes a North Carolina stream standard violation.
In addition to fecal coliform, various other stream samples were obtained during December 2007
and January 2008 -and analyzed for dissolved oxygen (00), pH, specific conductance, turbidity,
biochemical oxygen demand (BOO), and nutrient levels. Lab results indicate that there were no violations of
the State's water quality standards for BOD, pH, or turbidity (to date, there is no water quality standard for
specific conductance, nutrients or BOD).
Visual observations indicate that a minimum of four inches of sediment has been deposited into
North Deep Creek due to the impact from approximately 2000 linear feet of eroded stream banks. We also
noted that at least 68 cattle havelhad access to the stream. Please be aware -that denuding stream
banks and causing sedimentation to enter the State's surface waters violates North Carolina water
quality standards for Best Usage and Other Wastes:
Removal of Best Usage - The stream impacts noted above constitute a violation of 15A
NCAC 2B .0211(2) that states: "The waters shall be suitable for aquatic life propagation
and maintenance of biological integrity, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture.
Sources of water pollution which preclude any of these uses on either a short-term or long-
term basis shall be considered to be violating a water quality standard."
Other Wastes Violation - The deposition of solids to surface waters is a violation of 15A
NCAC 2B .0211(3)(f) which states "Oils; deleterious substances; colored or other wastes
(sediment): only such amounts as shall not render the waters injurious to public health,
secondary recreation or to aquatic life and wildlife or adversely affect the palatability of
fish, aesthetic quality or impair the waters for any designated uses.
The above referenced stream standard violations for fecal coliform, removal of best
usage and other wastes, are subject to civil penalties of up to $25,000 per day, per
violation. The Winston-Salem Regional Office of the Division of Water Quality intends to pursue
enforcement action through the Director for the referenced violations. if you have reason to
believe that these violations were caused by events or circumstances beyond your control, you
should include any such justification, along with your written response, to this Notice within ten
(10) days of receipt of this letter to the address contained on this letterhead. Your response to
this correspondence will be considered in this process.

Caudill - NOWN01
February 7, 2008
Page3
If you any questions regarding these matters, you may contact Melissa Rosebrock or me at (336)
771-5000.
Sincerely,
�b -Y t�
5dv-&I'm . )�
Sheen V. Knight
Regional Aquifer Protection Section Supervisor
cc: Dennis Lund — APS Animal Feeding Operations Unit
Keith Larick —APS Animal Feeding Operations Unit
Yadkin County SWCD/NRCS
DWQ-APS Central Files
WSRO Facility Files

a 007
N.C.
i'
Dear Ms. Rosebrock,
This letter is to inform you that I have an appointment,
Wednesday, February 21, 2007 with Mr. Walker from Soil and Water
Conservation in Yadkinville. He will be helping me in finding a
resolution to the problem off of Abraham Road in Boonville, North
Carolina. I also will be having surgery on February 26, 2007. Just as
soon as we eome up with a solution I will contact you either by letter or
phone, informing you on what we will do.
Thank you,
T wiman Caudle

Winstanar�um
Regional OfHos
To whom it may concern, Feb.19,2008
It is a sad time, when the state feels they need to harass a 75 year old man whose cows have been on
this farm for over 50 years, and drunk from the creek. Thanks to the state they have cut me off of my
main grazing land, because they will not allow my cows to cross under the bridge on Abraham Rd.
The state is getting ready to pave Abraham Rd. sometime, I guess this year, and I don't understand why
they can't fix a pipe or something that my cows can cross in,or through to get to my main grazing land.
My cows are not the only ones that drinks from the creek. I don't understand why the sediments are
now higher than they were in 2006 and 2007 when the cows have been cut off from going in under the
bridge since way before thanksgiving. Sounds kinda fishy to me. I also need to clear up one thing, I did
not sign a letter with the county, that I would not participate in the assistance program, all I ask was for
an extension to start back on it this fall, and they ask me to sign the paper stating that, that's what I did.
Also I don't think that it is right that if they dig a well, and it a dry hole that I'm stuck paying that bill. I
don't feel like it is fair for my Cows to be cut off of their main grazing pastures,) pay my taxes on my
land every year and now you all are telling me I can't graze my cows, because they can't cross under the
bridge for fear that a little poop will fall into the Creek.. I have plan to run a hot wire along the creek
banks to keep the cows from going to the creek to drink, until we can figure a way to get my cows across
the creek and under the bridge for them to graze, if not then I will have to sell them out, and I will not
•#iye,t1Vm away, they will be sold when price goes up.
1 r`Aought I would see the day when our freedom,is slowly be taking away from us. All my life I
havelried to make an honest living,but I guess maybe I would been better off to live off the state,then
maybe I wouldn't have been harassed over this deal.
Thank you,
RECEIVED
N.C, Dept. of ENR
FEB 2 9 2w
Winston-Salem
Regional office

•
Feb. 212008
To whom it may concern:
RECE�vEC
N.C. G? ;
FEB 2 5 2008
VYinSton•5aIOM !
Reglonal OffiC&
This letter is in reference to my first letter, if weather perments, I am planning to have the fencing and
waterers in by the end of the week of March 1', 2008, or before.
Thank you,

• RECEIVED 1P7
N.C. Not, of ENR
DEC.18 2007
Winston Salem
Regional QfFICe
YADKIN SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT
PO BOX 8
YADKINVILLE, NC 27055
336-679-8052 PHONE [phone] FAX
Date:
fi c�o�
Re: �Norrth Carolina Agriculture Cost Share Contract
Name : �oc G eZ CaU
Contract #:
Practice:
I, Twiman Caudle, due to circumstances undisclosed, wish to not
participate in the North Carolina Ag. Cost Share Program. I
understand that a contract has been developed for my farm and I have
been offered both technical assistance as well as financial assistance, but
at this time I do not want to participate in the program. I hope that this
money can be used to help another producer install best management
practices on their farm.
9��a�7
Producer Signature Date
adkin Soil and Water District Rep. Date

RECEIVED
Deat. of ENR
NC DENR I DEC 18 2007
DSWC
Winston-Salem
Regional O`cP
NORTH CAROLINA
AGRICULTURE COST SHARE PROGRAM
CONSERVATION PLAN OF OPERATION (CPO)
NC-ACSP-11
(12198)
NAME: Twiman Caudle
ADDRESS: 3101 Reece Rd.
Boonville, NC 27011-8305
AGREEMENT NUMBER
99-07-13-16
BMP
ITEM
NO.
TRACT/
FIELD
NO.
PLANNED
TREATMENT
EST.
AMOUNTS
(UNITS)
AVERAGE
COST
$
COST
SHARE
%
ESTIMATED COST SHARE AND TIME
SCHEDULE BY PROGRAM YEAR (INCLUDE
OTHER -COST SHARED FUNDING SOURCES)
PY 2007 PY PY
1
2069/
16-27
Watering System
Livestock Exclusion (non -electric)
4,800
$2.10
75%
$7,560.00
Gates
6
85.00
75%
$383.00
Well (75% of actual cost not to exceed
$3,000.00 charge to NCACSP
1
$4,000
75%
$3,000.00
Pump (75% of actual cost not to exceed
$1,000.00 charge to NCACSP
1
$1,333
75%
$1,000.00
Waterline
2,500
$1.75
75% .
$3,281.00
Watering Tanks (75% of actual cost not to
exceed $600.00 charge to NCACSP
5
$800
75%
$3,000.00
Stone (20X20.5)x5
77
$18.00
75%
$1040.00
Geotextiles (20x2O)x5
222
$2.25
75%
$375.00
$19,639.00
L0,3 �1a (p+t 00S
Technical Representative or Date _
�o�

NC DENR NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURE COST SHARE PROGRAM
DSWC CONSERVATION PLAN OF OPERATION (CPO) SUMMARY
NC-ACSP-11A
(08/2004)
NAME: Twiman Caudle
AGREEMENT NUMBER
TOTAL ACRES
ANIMAL TYPE AND
ADDRESS: 3101 Reece Road
AFFECTED
NUMBER
Boonville, NC 27011-8305
99-07-13-16
125
Beef Cow/Calf -75
TOTAL COST
TOTAL CONTRACT AMOUNT BY FUNDING
TOTAL SOIL LOSS
TOTAL NUTRIENT
TOTAL WASTE
SOURCE (Enter Funding Code)
REDUCTION
LOSS REDUCTION
MANAGED
Regular ACSP
TONSIYR
LBSNR N LBSNR P
LBSNR N LBSIYR P
P205
$
$ 1$,985.00 $
$
175
Highest level of design approval: FIELD OFFICE _X_ AREA OFFICE STATE OFFICE OTHER
The Cooperator(s) has reviewed the Cost Share Agreement and CPO and agrees to apply the planned treatment according to the
standards and specifications as approved by the Division of Soil and Water Conservation. Failure to carry out the un-numbered
contract items (UN) does not constitute non-compliance with the contract. The Cooperator(s) agrees to maintain the striperopping
system for 5 years, long term no -till for 5 years, nutrient management plan for 3 years, sod -based rotation for a minimum of
months in sod, and all other practices for 10 years, except conservation tillage, which is an annual practice. . The Cooperator(s) also
agrees to fully implement the Waste Management Plan (WMP) that is part of the CPO. CPO and payment are contingent on
approval by NPS Section, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, NC DENR. Funding for this CPO is contingent upon final
annual allocation of State funds to the -District. Installation may not begin prior to receiving approval from the Division, with
the exception of vegetative -only CPOs not exceeding $2500, as provided by the NC-ACSP-2 contract form, if chosen by the
cooperator(s).
.pplicant:
Landowner (if applicable). -
Technical Representative:
Design Approval Authority:
(Can be submitted separately from 11A)
Date:
Date:
Date:
Date:
District Chair: Date:
kL- __A
0

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Field Parameters,
Sample Results,
COCS
Attachment F

TRITEST
December 18, 2007
CLIENT NAME
CLIENT NUMBER
SAMPLE NUMBER
COLLECTED DATE
RECEIVED DATE
DESCRIPTION
TEST
FECAL COLIFORM
CERTIFICATION #
CERTIFIED BY:
0
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
•
NCDWQ-APS
800000
277350-01
277350-02
277350-03
12/13/07
12113107
12/13107
12/13107
12113107
12113107
CAUDLE
CAUDLE
CAUDLE
UPSTREAM
BRIDGE
DOWNSTREAM
UNITS RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS DATE
#1100ML
MORGAN TOWE
NC 103
NC 37733
23
1900 ` >60000 12/13107
TEL: [phone] FAX: [phone] WEB: www.tritestinc.com
6300 Ramada Drive, Suite C2, Clemmons, North Carolina 27012

.. I 1 .-II... .
TRITEST
6701 Conference Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
ph: [phone] fax: [phone]
NCWW Cert#67, NCDW Cerl#37731
Report Results To:
Company: N C DW4 PS
Address: 518 S l&.�)a.a q F-� A-o w n 5+
1tJ i n tzrk
n a. I wild1V �--
Attn: s5 a Ro 5 e- b ro LK—
Phone: 331; .1 "1 1 • S X66 Fax: -711 r Iq
Sled by (signature): —"Y `A 6 161,PfA�_
Chaim ofCustody
Bill To:
NC DEry Iz - Dw
Tritest W.O.#,
Project Reference: ca')J - -
Project Number:
Purchase Order #:
❑ Standard Report Delivery
❑ Rush Report Delivery (wr surcharge)
—Rush PVSKAs a sAnd to prior aWw?I by the Wxmt-y
Requested Due Date:
a fe,DesCrtpitofl;' t
C +•�.
Start ba;e, per
Timeim
?;F nd: a^..*�:'_
Date
Tn
lti4sutx
,2 - r e ,1YM'4=:,9'�S.t!� �,...y�
Anaty�F3ec(uest �
Tntest
5a a#:
?,?ems
d�
e-Got-i >t
r
�1 UoK;
j 6 o t00 b
I W. NFI -No
J
SM
thi
ReG fished ty (signaturej,
Received (sign Lure)
pate
• )3-07
Time
l 'l
Re nqu ed by ( nawre)
Rece' ture)
Date
Time
Relinquished by (signature)
Received by (signature)
Date
Time
Receipt Conditions (Lab se Only)
El4+2°C ❑ Temp: � °C
Res. Chlorine QAbre—t' ❑ Present ❑ n/a
Acid preserv. <2? ❑ Yes elgro ❑ n/a
Base preserv. >12? 0 Yes ❑ No

Report to: W J_WATER QUALITY SECTION
PHAIN OF CUSTODY (COC) RECORD
JC DENRIDWQ LABORATORY (check one): WCENTRAL I) ARO I I WaRO
Page � of'__j_
For Investigation of: 010.V dt+r'{til
Sample collector (print name)
and DM-1 forms completed by: MGI� S4dl ILnS��rc�..1�- Sample collector's signatur .
4V
VL
.ri
Field storage conditions and location (when applicable):
Lab Use Only
LAB NO.
STATION NO.
STATION LOCATION
DATE
SAMPLED
TIME
SAMPLED
NUMBER
OF
CONTAINERS
`
Oaudle ��
0_7 1�13
'
46
R"qui,d by (signature :
Date
Time
Re re : �
ate
Ti eDieRd
y (signature):
Date
Time
Received by (signature):
Date
Time
Relinquished by (signature):
Date
Time
Received by (signature):
Date
Time
Method of Shipment (circle one): StaDCou'ri Hand -delivered Federal Express UPS Other
Security Typ and Conditions: )4
4caled Q
Broken b
'%ry'�r
41,
1 '
r 1 r
i •RECEIVED
REQUESTED
BY:
®�
• • r
i .b

" �C wVQ Laboratory Section �esuCt.r Sample ID AB241369
,�t1on ID: WSROSPNLC Collect Date: 12/13/2007
Loc. Descr.: CAUDLE UPSTREAM Collect Time:: 11:00
Visit ID
CAS # Analyte Name PQL Result Qualifier Units Analyst) ate Approved By 1Date
LAB
Sample temperature at receipt by lab 1.3 'C DSAUNDERS JGOODWIN
Method Reference 12/14107 12114/07
MIC
BOD, 5-Day in liquid 2.0 2 U mg1L ADEXTER CGREEN
Method Reference APHAS210B 12/14/07 12/21/07
Turbidity 1.0 7.3 NTU BSWANSON CGREEN
Method Reference APHA213013-26th 12/14/07 12/17/07
NUT
NH3 as N in liquid
0.02
0.10 .
mg1L as N
MOVERMAN
CGREEN
Method Reference LaC10-107-06-1-J
12114/07
12M7107
Total K]eldahl N as N in liquid
0.2
0.37
mglL as N
GBELK .
CGREEN
Method Reference Lachat107-06-2-H
12R0107
1212i107
NO2+NO3 as N in liquid
0.02
0.29
mglL as N
MOVERMAN
CGREEN
Method Reference Lac10-107-04-1-c
12/14/07
12/17/07
Phosphorus total as P in liquid
0.02
0.04
mglL as P
MAJAYI
CGREEN
Method Reference Lac10.115.01-1EF
12/20/07
12/21107
S
Laboratory Section>> 1623 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1623 [phone] Page 2 of 2

DNISION OF WATER QUALI
oLool
Chemistry
Laboratory Report! Water Quality
Lab Numb
""' ` r l • l
- ❑ SAMPLE TYPE
Date Received
Time Received
COUNTY
RIVER BASIN';
PRIozM
❑ AMBIENT
QA
�--�
i] k 1TREAM
❑ EFFLUENT
Received By
REPORT TO : LA-3 Regional Office
WOMPLIANCE
'�ct1AIN OF CUSTODY
LAKE
❑ INFLUENT
„
=�� of-o ,,•
El EMERGENCY
VISIT ID Q
fL.
ESTUARY
Data Released
Date
COLLECTOR(S) :
'
Aepw'ted ;
Estimated HOD Range:
Station Location:L}{�
' l
eel:
Chlorinated:
Remarks:
-
Station M(Location Code
Date Begin (yylmmfdd)
Date End (yyfmmldd)
Time Begin
Time End
Depth - DM, DH, DBM
Valne Type - A, H, L
Cumposite-T, S,
Sample Type
b1 1
DI 11
li =G0

-VC DWQ La6oratory Section Results
ID sults AB2487C
uLocation ID: WSROSPNLC Collect Date: 12/1312007
Loc. Descr.: CAUDLE BRIDGE Collect Time:: 11:20
Visit ID
S # Analyte Name PQL Result . Qualifier Units Analyst/Date Approved By /Date
LAB
Sample temperature at receipt by lab
1.3
'C
DSAUNDERS
JGOODWW
Method Reference
12/14/07
12114107
mic
BOD, 5-Day in liquid
2.0
2 U
mg1L
ADEXTER
CGREEN
Method Reference APHA5210B
12/14/07
12t2lt07
Turbidity
1.0
6.8
NTU
BSWANSON
CGREEN .
Method Reference APHA213013-20th
12/14/07
12M7107
NUT
NH3 as N in liquid
0.02
0.06
mg/L as N
MOVERMAN
CGREEN
Method Reference LaC10-107.06-1-J
12/14/07
12117107
Total Kjeldahl N as N in liquid
0.2
0.29
mg1L as N
GBELK
CGREEN
Method Reference ' Larhat1074&2-H
12/20/07
12/21/07
NO2+NO3 as N in liquid
0.02
0.30
mglL as N
MOVERMAN
CGREEN
Method Reference Lac10-107.04.1-c
12/14/07
12/17/07
Phosphorus_total as P in liquid
0.02
0.03
mg1L as P
MAJAYI
CGREEN
Method Reference LaC10-115-01-tEF
12/20/07
12/21/117
•
Laboratory Section» 1623 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1623 [phone] Page 2 of 2

�� la
tot
DIVISION OF WATER QUAL
Chemistry Laboratory Report 1 Water Quality Leib Numb
N N t ❑ PAMPLE TYPL Drte Received '�
COUNTY Gllh 14 , Y
' PRIOT� Time Received
RIVER BASIN : - ❑ AMBIENT ❑ QA , `Rt:AM ❑ EFFLUENT Received By
REPORT TO [I-1 ,rj �� � Regional Office �COMPL[ANCE �CHAW OF CUSTODY ❑LAKE ❑ INFLUENT
I
Other ; ❑ EMERGENCY VISIT ID ❑ ESTUARY Datandeased
COLLECTOR(S) : i' L { ® Date Reported:
Estimated ROD Range; Station Location: C�l.+l—t.�� `✓��a��
Seed: Chlorinated: Remarks:
. Sudan MlLocatioa Code Date Begin (yylrumldd) Date End (yylmm/dd) Time Begia lime End Dep[h - DM, DB, DJIM Value Type - A, 6-I, L Composite-Tt S, B Samp Trpt
d� a o a N � 1 a0 a
BOD 310 - my/L. Chloride 940 _ mglL _
COD Hiah 340 mu/L. -
COD Low 335 m
Chlorophyll a EPA 445.0 modified option v
Coliform: MF Fecal 31616 /IOOmI
Coliform: MF Total 3I504 1100ml
Color: True 80 c.u,
Coliform: gtbe Fecal 31615 1100m1
Color. (pH) 87 H= C.U.
Coliform: Fecal Srrep 31673 1100m1
Color: pH 7.6 82 c.u,
kesidue: Total 500 m
Cyanide720 mg/L
Volable505 m
Fluoride951 mg/L
Fixed 510 m
Formaldehyde 71880 mg1L
Residue: Suspended 530 HVL
Grease and Oils 556 mg/L
' Volatile 535 m
Hardness TotA 900 mg/L
Fixed 540 m
Spc6fic Cond. 95 - umboslcm
H403 units
MBAS38260 mg/L
Acidity in pli 4.5 436 - mglL
Phenyls 32730 ug/L
Acidity to pH 8.3 435 ffisiL
Sulfatt 945 m
Alkalinity to off 8-3 415 mslL
Sulfide 745 mrr/L
680 m Tannin & Li nin
Pity 76 _ _ _ N711 Hcxavalent Chromium
om Total Tube 1100 ml I Bicarbonate
Dissolved
NH3 as N 610 m
KN an N 625 mgi1,
02 plus NO3 as N 630 mg11.
: Total as P 665 mg1L
PO4 as P 70507 mg1L
P- Dissolved as P 666
K-Potassium m
Cd-Cadmium 1027 U&IL
Cr-Chromium:Total 1034 ug+L
Cu- Copper 1042 ug/L
Ni-Nickel 1067 ug/L
Pb- Lead 1051 u
Zn- Zinc 1097 usa
V-Vanadium uglL
AS- Sil, 1077 ug/L
Al- Aluminum 1105 ve1L
Be- Beryllium 1012 ug1L.
Ca- Calcium 916 mg/L.
Co- Cobalt 1037 uvL
Fe- Iron 1045 ug/L
Mo-Mo[ bdmunr vg/L
Sb-Antimony ug1L
Sn-Tin "VL-
TI-Thallium ug/L
Ti-Titanium ug/L
Hg-1631
Li -Lithium 1132 ug/L
Mg- Magnesium 927 mg1L
Mn-Manganese 1055
Na- Sodium 929 mg1L
Ars,enic:Tutal 1002 ug/L
Se- Selenium 1147 ug/L
ft Mercu 71900
Ba-Barium
Or anochlorine. Pesticides
o horns Pesticides
Or anonitro err Pesticides
Acid Herbicides
BaseNeutral&Acid Extractable Organics
TPH Dic l Range
Pur eable Organics (VOA bottler 'd)
TPH Gasoline Range
TPWBTEX Gasoline R e
Ph m lankurn
Tun rc on vrivai (°C):

DIVI WATER ITV
Chemistry Laboratory Report l Water Quiliry Lab Nnm a
SAMPLETYPE
Date Rseei ed:D IMAl
COUNTY
RIVER BASIN :
C-JA4j `v
i`
P�]R OR1TY
AM8IENT
QA
,�%
STREAM EFFLUENT
Received By
Time Recrived A).
REPORTTO
ll�--�1�� RegionalOffiu
COMPLIANCE
IX I C14AINOF_CUSTODY
LAKE INFLUENT
Other
❑ EMERGENCY
VISIT w
ESTUARY
Data Rcicaud
COLLECTOR(S)
i R l I
Dace Reported
w, /� , +d — `
F
� e- �d �'
Estimated BOD Rance:
Station Location:
`��yya ` 1 v r 1
'
. Seed:
Chlorinated:
Remarks:
S an Y ioA Code
Beta (yylmmldd)
Dat. l;mldd
Time'
Time Ead
Depth - DM, DB. DBM
Value Type - A. H, L
Composito-T, S, B S. mple Type
�D.ate
Q
0
BOD 310 mg/L
COD High 340 mg/L
COD Low 335 mg/L
Coliform: MP Feral 31616 /100ml
Coliform: MF Total 31504 /100ml
Coliform: tube Feral 31615 1100ml
Coliform: Fecal Strep 31673 /100ml
Residue: Total 500 mg/L
Volatile 505 mg/L
Fixed $10 mg/L
Residue: Suspended 530 mg/L,
Volatile 535 mg/L
Fixed 540 mg/L,
pH 403 units
Acidity to pH 4.5 436 mg/L
Acidity to pH 8.3 435 mg/L
Alkalinity to pH 8.3 415 mg/L
Alkalinity to pH 4.5 4I0 mgtL
TOC 680 mg/L
Turbidity 76 NTU
Coliform Total Tulle 1100 ml
Chloride 940
Chlorophyll a EPA 445,0 modified option VL
Color- True 80
Color, (pH ) 83 PH= C.U.
Color: HT6 82 c.u.
Cyanide 720 mglL
Fluoride 951
Formaldehyde71880 mg/L
Grease and Oils 556 mg/L.
Hardness Total 900 ME!
Specific Cond. 95 umhos/cm
MBAS 38260 m
-
Phenols 32730 ug/L
Sulfate 945 m
Sulfide 745
Baron
Tannin Sr Li nin ug/L
Hcxavalcnt Chromium u
Bicarbonate mg/L
Carbonate m
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L
ZUM-N610 mg/L
TKN an N 625 mg/L
NO2 plus NO3 as N 630 mg/L-
P; Tmal as P 665 mg/L
PO4 a P 70507 mSiL
P: Dissolved as P 666 m
K-Potassium m
Cd-Cadmium 1027 u
Cr-Chromium:Total 1034 ug/L
Cu- Ca 1042 uld-
Ni-Nirkel I067 ugn-
Pb- Lead I051 . ug/l,
Zn• Zlne 1092 u
V-Vanadium u
At Silvvr 1077 U81
Al- Alumim,m 1105 u
Be -Beryllium 1012 u
Ca- Calcium 916 m
Co- Cobalt 1037 u
Fe- &on 1045 u
Mo-Molybdenum u
Sb-Antimony uwL
Sr. -Tin u
TI-Thallium ull
Ti-Tiutnium u
H -1631 n
Li -Lithium 1132 u
M - Magnesium 927 m
Mn-Manganese 10$5 uWL
Na- Sodium 929 m
Arscoic,Tota11002 u
Se -Selenium 1147 ug/L
Hs. Mermcy 719M uki
Ba• Barium ug/L
2r mtaehtorine Pmicides
Or ophos horns Pesticide
Organonitrogm Pesticides
Acid Herbicides
Base/Neutral&Acid Extractable Or snies
TPH Diesel Ran e
Pur able Organics(VOA bottler 'd
TPH Gasoline Ran e
TPHIBTEX Gasoline Range
Phy lankton
Teen rem arrival )'

TRITEST
December 18, 2007
CLIENT NAME
CLIENT NUMBER
SAMPLE NUMBER
COLLECTED DATE
RECEIVED DATE
DESCRIPTION
TEST
C
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
NCDWQ-APS
800000
277384-01
277384-02
12/17107
12117/07
12/17107
12117107
CAUDLE
CAUDLE
UPSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
UNITS RESULTS RESULTS
FECAL COLIFORM #1100ML
CERTIFICATION # NC 103
NC 37733
450 3200
DATE
12117/07
CERTIFIED BY: MORGAN TOWE
TEL: [phone] FAX: [phone] WEB: www.tritestinc.com
6300 Ramada Drive, Suite C2, Clemmons, North Carolina 27012

TRITEST
6701 Conference Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
ph: [phone] fax: [phone]
NCWW Cen#67. NCDW Cen#37731
Chi ofCustody
Report Results To: Bill To:
Company:.
Address:
Attn:�1L,a`�
PW Fax: - y
Sampled by (signature)` L .r 1 L�4
Tritest
Project Reference:
Project Number:
Purchase Order #:
❑ Standard Report Delivery
❑ Rush Report Delivery (w1 stircharge)
"Rush projects me s&4&a to PnDr *",w l try #* tsamat«y
Requested Due Date:
Sarnple DAscnptlorl<_Ce
nw! c
1 StaYtrtte _
l=ndtDate
MaVi
Analyses Reg1$iested s=
W11
riplj?
00-
R-
s -
w2vi
(signature)
Relinquished by
I Relinquished by (signature)
Rec ed re) Date Time
} Receipt Conditions (La se Only)
y +-'�
7.O ! El4±2°C El Temp: °C
Received by signature) Dale Tome _
Res. Chlorine P-Absent ❑ Present ❑ nla
Received by (signature) Date -rime Acid preserv. <2? ❑ Yes l�No ❑ln/a
Base preserv. > 12? ❑ Yes ❑ No t'J nla

TRITEST .
6701 Conference Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
ph:-[phone] fax: [phone]
NCWW Cert#67, NCDW Cert037731
chi ofcustody
Report Results To: Bill To:
Company:_C-1Ci• -' �iLN ✓ GIBE 1�J
Address: r.5 ocwakTCt n
C2 7110`%
T�
Attn:�-
PF &e: -7 1 i — 5 Icy Fax:
Tritest W.O.#
Project Reference:
Project Number:
Purchase Order #:
❑ Standard Report Delivery
Rush Report Delivery (wl surcharge)
"Rush p,,+ s are s,"— M n;n arrrewal M H. tafwa:nv
Sled by (signature):
J; i !t J0 Requested Due Date: T_
Ayolil'scrtpttcln`°'"°
nw
.: ,' °�;. ,,
is�G..e
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aSa3�te
nq Xb
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Cq �
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F � 1 Co l I f6 rry l
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qw
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&rIqUISE y;signature)
1
Received by (signature) ��qq
i�Ci*
Date
d ��
Time
Receipt Conditions (Lab Use Only)
❑ 4+2°C ❑ Temp: �' Q - °C
Res. Chlorine ❑ Absent ❑ Present ❑ nla
Acid preserv. c2? ❑ Yes El No n No !a
Base preserv_a12? ❑ Yes ❑ No ❑ n/a
eU' ui ed� (signature}
Received by (signature)
Date
Time
Relsnqu6hed by (s gnature)
Received by (signature)
Date
Time

J16TEST:
www,tritestint.com .
i
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
January 3, 2008
CLIENT NAME
NCDWQ-APS
CLIENT NUMBER
800000
SAMPLE NUMBER
277601-01 277.601-02
COLLECTED DATE
112108 112108
RECEIVED] DATE
112108 • 112108
DESCRIPTION
CAUDLE CAUDLE ..
UPSTREAM . DOWNSTREAM -
:'-TEST
UNITS RESULTS RESULTS DATE.
FECAL COLIFORM
.#1100ML 700 2700 '. 112108
CERTIFICATION # '
NC 103
NC.37733
CERTIFIED BY: MORGAN TOWS
Gordon- '1N �8411
Suite C2,C
lemons,�C 27012 Ph2{Drive,Raleigh,NC t
rene 27607'
6300 Ramada Dr,,
91639793,Fax[phone]
6701'Coof
Ph: [phone], Fax::[phone]
Ph. [phone], Fax: [phone]

TRITEST
6701 Conference Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
ph, [phone] fax:[phone]
NCWW Cert#67, NCDW Cer1R37731
Report Results To:
Company:
Address: l,
Attn: r
Phone:
Sampled I
ianChof Custody
Bill To:
► DER —LAAJC2
Tritest W.O"#.
Project Reference: G6wd
Project Number:
Purchase Order #:
❑ Standard Report Delivery
❑ Rush Report Delivery (wi surcharge)
"Rush paiacts am sugect to Prw aW&M by ure btcratory
Requested Due Date:
$8unijitkDggsFrptronrN
SiKa" meffid_=
la.'m.t.-a,.�.�;
'
na[yseReW-%�7
iff
x! -,
tz-.tio
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Received by (signature)
Date
tj�-/off
Tune
f3�fd
R."nq 'sired by signature)
Received by (signature)
Date
Time
Relinquished by (signature)
Received by (signature)
Date
Time
Receipt Conditions (Lab
Use Only)
❑ 4+2°C ❑ Temp: C
Res. Chlorine ❑ Absent ❑ Present ❑ rda
Acid preserv. a2? ❑ Yes ❑ No ❑ n/a
Base preserv. >12? ❑ Yes 0 No 0 nla

TRiTEST'.--.
www.tritestinu.com
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
January 9, 2008 .
CLIENT NAME
NCDWQ-APS
CLIENT NUMBER
800000
SAMPLE NUMBER
277658-01
277658-02 .
COLLECTED DATE
117108
117108
RECEIVED DATE
117108
117108
DESCRIPTION'
CAUDLE
CAUDLE
UPSTREAM -DOWNSTREAM
PROPERTY LINE PROPERTY
LINE
TEST
UNITS RESULTS RESULTS DATE
FECAL COLIFORM
#1100ML 210
>6000 117108
CERTIFICATION #
NC 103
NC 37733
CERTIFIED BY: MORGAN TOWE
6701 Conference Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 '
6300 Ramada D.r., Suite C2, Clemmons, NC 27012
6624 Gordon Road, Unit G, Wilmington, NC 28411
Ph: [phone], Fax: (919} 834=6497
Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone]
Ph: [phone], Fax: (910) 343r9688

TRiTEST Chain of Custody Tritest W.O. N
6701 Conference Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607
ph: [phone], fax: [phone]
NCWW Cert#67, NCDW Cert#37731
] 6624 Gordon Road, Unit G, Wilmington, NC 28411
ph: [phone], fax: [phone]
NCWW Cert475, NCDW Cert#37721
1`6300 Ramada Dr., Suite C2, Clemmons, NC 27012
ph: [phone], fax; [phone]
NCWW Cert4103, NCDW Cert#37733
eport Results To: Bill To:
ompany:.N_C. D W Q — l�} S �C EN %P—"-
Jdress: o v) _ s✓ Q
n
tn:P �[S�X�1COca1nol� Ip�
tmpled by (signature):
r
Project Reference: ��1,� \-e—
Project Number:
Purchase Order #:
❑ Standard Report Delivery
❑ Rush Report Delivery (w/surcharge)
—Rush projects are subject to prior approval by
the laboratory
Requested Due Date:
ample'Descr€"#ion
;ca'ti
�o
.
Start Datet.
!S[aiiTma,
�EiitiDateMetnx
,End 71tn
aw s 6w
Analyses t3equestetl
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ve by ign tore)
L�D
Date
L
Time
squished by (signature)
ive (sig by nature)
Date
Time
Iquished by (signature)
Received by (signature)
Date
Time
Receipt Conditions (Lab U Only)
❑ 4t2°C ❑ Temp: � .c
Res. Chlorine:
bsent ❑ Present ❑ nla
Acid preserv. <21
❑ Yes o ❑ n/a
Base preserv. >12?
❑ Yes 0 No n/a

R Tritest, Inc. EZE.VED
P.Q. Box 33190
Gate
Raleigh, NC 27636 k a. vt %'
1212612007
Phone #
[phone]
Please return one copy of invoice and remit payment to: Tritest, Inc.
A finance charge of 1.5% (18% annually) will be assessed to invoices over 30 days.
Invoice
Invoice #
8161
Fax #
[phone]

Tritest, Inc.
P.O. Box 33190
Raleigh, NC 27636
Bill To
NCDENR-DWQ
Attn: Wendy Sposto
1617 Mail Service Ctr
Raleigh, NC 27699
i I
� Sl'.rr� r?i�r1t. Sli �545'. y
DEL . n
,I � tjdia37.3n-seism �
R,1910;181 dffica
Please return one copy of invoice and remit payment to: Tritest, Inc.
A finance charge of 1.5% (1 B% annually) will be assessed to invoices over 30 days.
Invoice`

RECEIVED''
..Tritest, Inc. Dn-lit,of2A; � Invoice
P.O. Box 33190
iAW g
Raleigh, NC 27636 Date Invoice #
srrirstonSatan•.
ingic�nr10"r,:r; 1/9/2008 8334
Phone # Fax #
[phone] [phone]
I Bill To E
NCDENR - DWQ
Attn: Wendy Sposto
1617 Mail Service Ctr
Raleigh, NC 27699
Sample Number(s)
Client Number
P.O. Number
Terms
277601
800000
NCDWQ APS, C...
Net 30
Quantity
Description
Rate
Amount
2
Fecal Coliforms
17.00
34.00
It's been a pleasure working with you!
Total $34.00
Balance Due $34.00
Please return one copy of invoice and remit payment to: Tritest, Inc.
A finance charge of 1.5% (18% annually) will be assessed to invoices over 30 days.

'ritest, Inc.
P.O. Box 33190
Raleigh, NC 27636
Bill To
NCDENR -DWQ
Attn: Wendy Sposto
1617 Mail Service Ctr
Raleigh, NC 27699
RECEIVt=ti
of E11R
:
1'ring:on•Satem
nefj+cnal ice
Please return one copy of invoice and remit payment to: Tritest, Inc.
A finance charge of 1.5% (18% annually) will be assessed to invoices over 30 days.
• Invoice
Date invoice #
1/16/2008 8346
Phone # Fax #
[phone] [phone]

Analytical Costs for NCDWQ Lastory Page 1 of 2
0
u O GARGAR NfC pARAMETERS� f;F< ��"Water,�So11dTlssOe�.i
w
P
$5.88
ACIDITY
$12.25
ALKALINITY
$12.25
SOD (5 DAY)
$18.11
$36.21
BOO (LONGTERM)
$48.28
COD
$15.43
$30.85
TOTAL RESIDUE
$9.60
SUSPENDED RESIDUE
$9.86
FECAL MF
$17.75
TOTAL MF
$21.00
FECAL TUBE
$25.25
TOTAL TUBE
$26,25
TOC
$26,25
TURBIDITY
$11.25
BICARBONATE
$12.25
BORON
$18.13
$24.17
BROMIDE
$16.25
$20.77
CARBONATE
$12.25
CARBON DIOXIDE
$12.25
CHLORIDE
$11.25
$28.13
CHLOROPYLL
$48.75
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM
$23.75
COLOR P-C
$13.13
COLOR AtOMI
$56.25
COLOR SPEC
$135.00
CYANIDE
$23.89
DISSOLVED SOLIDS
$9.96
$29.90
FLUORIDE (DIRECT)
$12.86
FLUORIDE (DISTILLED)
$31.50
$42.00
FORMALDEHYDE
$112.50
HARDNESS
$11.00
HARDNESS (NON -GARB)
$10.97
MBAS
$26.25
OIL & GREASE
$34,29
$38.40
PHENOL
$21.00
SILICA
$16.13
SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE
$8.50
SULFATE
$13.82
$27.65
SULFIDE
$14.68
NUtr���S • AMMONIA
$14.00
$28.00
NITRATE + NITRITE
$18.37
$36.74
NITRATE
$10.07
$32.14
NITRITE
$14.14
$28.28
• TOTAL KJELDAHL
$16,39
$59,00
i�illMltxi�� . TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
$16,29
$48.85
ORTHOPHOSPHATE
$14.68
$44.00
" Solid includes sediments, soils and sludge(residuals)
ALUMINUM $11.67 $29,18 $17.51
CADMIUM $11.67 $29.18 $17.51
CHROMIUM $11.67 $29.18 $17,51
3/6/2008

Staff Enforcement Cost Worksheet - FY 2007
Staff Name Monthly Annual
Social -
Retirement
Insurance
Longevity Longevity
Total Enf.
Salary Salary
Security
Percent Salary
Salary
Melissa Rosebrock $3,795.50 $45,546.00
$3,484.27
$3,566.26
$4,183.00
2.25% $1,024.79
$27.79
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$4,183.00
$0.00
$2.01
Notes,
Current as of 11/29/2007. To use, insert monthly salary and longevity (as a decimal) to calculate
the total enforcement salary as an hourly rate (assume a 2080 working hours per year) .
Longevity - see below
0-9 years 0.00%
10-14 years 1.50%
15-19 years 2.25%
20-24 years 3.25%,
>25 years 4.50%
Social Security calculated at 7.65% of annual salary
Retirement calculated at 7.83% of annual salary (employers contribution)
Medical insurance based upon 12 month contribution, currently $4,183
�J
0

Div of water Quality Fax:[phone]
h
•
May 2 2007 9:26 P.01
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of.water Quality
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA 0EPARTMEN'T OF
EwRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
WATER QUALITY SECTION
POINT SOURCE COMPLIANCE/ENFORCEMFNT LTnT
FAX NUMBER: [phone]
TELECOPYTO: l.Gtt�/ aasinger
FAX NUMBER: 3 3 L - l -) J - W o -
FROM: Bob Sledge
PHONE: [phone], extension 547
NUMBER OF PAGES INCLUDING THIS SHEET: 2
CON.CMENTS:
C X;N a f Ied
10W,Ai emit 4geled /e &Ggaor
1 1liI, a j6 !jI I�r/ �/ee J �4 AACeA�iA7—t(. 1t �r° � _Al�y
. /' A J I
o CAf*iee�a.4 card.
1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

Div of water Quality Fax:[phone] May 2 2007 9:26 P.02
:LASS, VEHICLE TYPE MINIMUM MILES RATE PER MINIMUM
PER MONTH MILE PER MONTH
CS4
Sundance, Civic (CNG)
1050 miles
@
0.25
262.50
M54
Breeze, Ciera, Acclaim, Insight (ges/electric)
1050 miles
0.25
262.50
Prius (Hybrid), Civic (Hybrid), Clrrus
j
C04
Escape 40 (Hybrid)
1050 mites
Q
0.33
346.50
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1050 miles
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346.60
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E-85 Taurus, Stratus, Malibu
1050 miles
@
0,26
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@
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325.50
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0.33
346.50
COS
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1050 miles
@
0.33
346.50
M06
blazer, Cherokee, Explorer 4x4
1050 miles
®
,0.33
346.50
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Explorar
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0.33
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420.00
FT8
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336,00
X08
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357.00
XT8
1Ton or Larger Truck, Box Truck Mail)
1050 miles
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Bus
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P = Passenger Carrying
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r 02/04/2009 14.15 RTTOMtY GENERAL a 913367687666 ' NG.603 P02
fr ..
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE OFFICE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS
COUNTY OF YADKIN 08 EHR 1623
TWIMAN CAUDLE,
Petitioner,
BM
SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT
OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES, DIVISION OF WATER
QUALITY,
Respondent.
The North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources ("DENR"),
Respondent and Tv iman Caudle ("Petitioner"), hereby enter into this Settlement Agreement
("Agreement") in order to amicably resolve matters in controversy as it relates to the civil
penalty assessment. This matter arose out of the assessment of civil penalties and costs
totaling four thousand, nine hundred forty-eight dollars and forty-four cents ($4,948.44),
imposed upon Petitioner on May 30, 2008, for alleged violations of North Carolina General
Statutes § 143-215.1 et seq and General Permit conditions on number AWD990032.
matter:
DENR and the Petitioner have reached the following settlement agreement in this
1. Petitiaaer shall pay the Settlement Amount of one thousand nine hundred
forty-eight dollars and forty-four cents ($1,948.44), for investigative costs, plus three

02/04/2009 14:12 ATTORNEY GENERAL 4 913367667666 NO.602 P03
hundred dollars ($300.00), a total of two thousand, two hundred forty-eight dollars And forty-
four cents ($2,248.44), to DENR for settlement in t e manner hereinafter described. The
Settlement Amount shall be made withi 5(80) days of the execution of the Agreement. "
2. The Petitioner shallknstall fencing'andis to be install no more than thirty (30) V
C40A5t.C7>.C_ _; 1a,
days after the executi on
pp ofthe Agreement, unless otherwise approved by Melissa Rosebrock.
11/tL. 4
The crossing tld�be no wider than twenty (20) feet and is to be install as__ more than ninety" ,
(90) days after the execution of the Agreement ( ee attachment A included hereto and
herein). ALL o F 7?� Sly- P� i� j ,jfil �-� Cb Aro M Ah•�h x✓ eb
Ay,o r Co l wj 7oF W tnt- A'DN.bf "m &'q—A AMMIM W90D /Vb 0 1 N 10 "S � w hA95 k, . � r
3. The payment shall be by check made payable to the "North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources" or to "DENR" at the .following address:
Anita, Le`,Teaux
Assistant Attorney General
Attorney General's Office
Environmental Protection Division
Post Office Box 629
Raleigh, NC 27602-0629
4. The breach of any condition of Paragraphs one through three by Petitioner will
render due and payable the entire amount of the civil penalty assessment, i. e., four thousand,
nine hundred forty-eight dollars and forty-four cents ($4,948.44).
S. Petitioner and DENR expressly stipulate and acknowledge that, by entering
into this Agreement, Petitioner neither admits nor denies the allegations contained in the
Findings and Decisions and Assessment of Civil Penalties; however, upon a breach of
2

02/04/2009 14:12 ATTORNEY GENERAL 4 913367687666 N0.602 PO4
paragraph one through three of this Agreement, by Petitioner, the sole issue in any action by
DENR is to collect the Entire amount of the civil penalty assessment; i.e., four thousand,
nine hundred forty-eight dollars and forty-four cents (S4,948.44), in accordance with the
terms ofparagraph one through three above and will be limited to the Petitioner's compliance
with the terms of this Agreement.
6. DENR agrees to accept the payment of two thousand, two hundred forty-eight
dollars and forty-four cents ($2,248.44), in complete satisfaction of the civil penalty
assessment subject to the terms of this Agreement.
7. Nothing in this Agreement shall restrict any right of DENR to tzke any
enforcement action against Petitioner for any future violations; i.e., violations occurring after
May 30, 2408.
8. The State and Twiman Caudle agree that, forpurposes of any future bankruptcy
proceeding, this Agreement is not intended as, rior shall itbe deemed to constitute, a novation
of any claims asserted by the State against Twiman Caudle. Twiman Caudle further agrees
that all sums payable to the State pursuant to this Agreement are nondischarge able in
bankruptcy under 11 U.&C. § 523. Nothing in this Agreement releases any
nondischargeability claims that may be asserted by the State in any bankruptcy proceeding,
and nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of the State 's right to rely on the
nature of any claim or debt released in this Agreement to show that the claim or debt is
nondischargeable.
3

02/04/2009 14:12 ATTORNEY GENERAL a 913367687666 NO.602 P05
0
This Agreement shall be binding upon the parties and is entered into
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.
This the VA day of February, 2009.
FOR THE DIVISION OF WATER PETITIONER:
QUALITY
Melissa Rosebrock on behalf of DENR Twiman Caude
DENR, Water Quality
Date: o�
APPROVEDJAORM:
Anita LeVeaux, Attorney for -espondent
Assistant Attorney General
N. C. Department of Justice
Environmental Division
Post Office Box 629
Raleigh, NC 27602-0629
[phone]
Date: Z
4
Date: W77. 5�Da
s
4Ed Powell, A o'mey for Petitioner
Date: - - 0-�— �� 0 f

Alma
-._._.
mm,�
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Beverly Eaves Perdue, Governor Dee Freeman, Secretary
FAX TRANSMITTAL SHEET
TO: �O re— �90(,V) 5 FROM:
COMPANY: �L_xDC� PAGES: �S_ (Including cover sheet)
FAX NUMBER: 3<9 DATE: 02l1 Q 9
RE:
❑ Urgent ❑ For Review L� Information ❑ Please Reply x Per Your Request
COMMENTS:
585 Waughtown Street, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27107-2241
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone] Internet: www,enr.state.nc.us/FNR/
NorthCarolina
Aaturallbl
An Equal Opportunity ! Affirmative Action Employer - 50 % Recycled 110 % Post Consumer Paper

- NC�EIVR
North Carolina Department of Environment and !Natural Resources
Beverly Eaves Perdue. Governor Dee Freeman, Secretary
FAX TRANSMITTAL SHEET
TO: I d r�-- q V O i rl 5 FROM:
COMPANY: PAC3ES: s�;;- (Including cover sheet)
FAX NUMBER: 38Cc Q F> r2 S DATE: - o'i-
RE:
0 Urgent ro For R4avlow Information O Ploa®a Haply Par Your Raquost
r
COMMENTS:
uv11�**o�v--\ L' c Vl d �ta SLR k l'� w'--e- -t ---
585 Waughtown Street, Winston-Salem. North Carolina 27107-2241
Phone: [phone] \ FAX: [phone] \ Internet: www.enr.stale.no-us/ENR/
AP 1jq-1 OPPOrtUIMy / Alrlrt fta A,t— Ehlpby— I e30 % RI YOffld1 10 % Pu{r Cons —r Pwpgr
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- T. Caudle vs. Division of Water Quality Mediation Awo,!5�vrAFebruary 4, 2009
Install 20-30 ft. wide stream crossing Install electric fence in "dashed" - - - - sections.
here according to NRCS Standards.
MMR 2/2/09

T. Caudle vs. Division of Water Quality Mediation
February 4, 2009
[Tlil
low
Move electric fence back
V another 15 ft. to exclude cattle
.... , «q. from this 20 ft—wide wet area.
17
h
f
a f
' prk
Add electric wire fencing
from top of stream bank to
existing fence along road to
allow for controlled access.
Newly installed electric fence.
x
d �
M
F
Mar) created by Yadkin County & Northwest Piedmont Yadkin County Assum4s no Leila! Mponsibitity for the data on
COG. this map Pir:ose check w th oNimd source to verify data.
Install 20-30 ft. wide stream crossing
here according to NRCS Standards
0
Install electric fence in "dashed" - - - - sections.
J V` r WAR 2/2/49�
l owe ,� r ��

•
•
ATTORNEYS
EDME C. MITCHELL
KARA 4UADLAND HELMS
LAW OFFICES
MITCHELL & HELMS, P. C.
A PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION
110 OAKWOOD DRIVE
SUITE 410
WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA 27103-1834
Federal Tax ID No. 56-1767309
MEDIATED SETTLEMENT CONFERENCE
SUPERIOR COURT MEDIATION
vS FHft / 6 7-3
Re: T
v.
Nc-Q6NR
Administrative Fee
Iot,a1 Time Spent in Mediation Conference
L� Hours Minutes @ $200.00 Per Hour
Plaintiff's Portion
Defendant's Portion
!;L- 04 - 0'3
DATE
Total Fee
$200.00
1900,00
$ f Q0 0
$ 5 o-0
$45v
EDDIE C. MITCHELL, Mediator
TELEPHONE
[phone]
FAX
[phone]

•
0
O�QF W A 7Fi9QG Beverly Eaves Perdue, Governor
Dee Freeman, Secretary
rNorth Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Q Coleen H. Sullins, Director
Division of Water Quality
MEMORANDUM
TO: Melissa Rosebrock
FROM: Ted Bush, Chief, Aquifer Protection Sec on g4
DATE: February 3, 2009
RE: Delegation of Authority
In keeping with the Division's organization and in order to simplify and speed up the processing of
permits, certifications, and other approval documents, I am hereby delegating the following
authority to you. This Delegation of Authority is effective today:
1. To agree to and sign any documents in my absence for a settlement agreement regarding
Aquifer Protection Section Case Number SS-2008-0004, assessed to Twiman Caudle.
Please note that I am not delegating any other authority at this time. This delegation shall remain in
effect until February 28, 2009.
cc: Anita LeVeaux
Sherri Knight
Keith Larick
One
P Carolina
'Natimalliv
Aquifer Protection Section 1636 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699.1636 Phone [phone] Customer Service
Internet: www.ncNYateraualitv.org 2728 Capital Blvd. Raleigh, NC 27604 Fax [phone]
An Equal OpportunitylAfiirmative Action Employer— 50% RecycledM0% Past Consumer Paper

RE: Twinman Caudle Mediation in Winsto leon 2-4-09
Subject: RE: Twinman Caudle Mediation in Winston-Salem on 2-4-09
From: "LeVeaux, Anita" <[e-mail]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2009 09:19:01 -0500
To: "Ted L. Bush, Jr." <ted. bush@ncmail. net>, <Melissa. Rosebrock@NCmail. net>, "Walker, Jason -
Yadkinville, NC" <[e-mail]>
CC: "Moses, Sharlene" <[e-mail]>
Sorry Ted ... I was so concerned with the supervisor's mtg. that I didn't address your question.
Everyone, this formal mediation will begin on February 4th at 9:30 AM at 110 Oakwood Drive in
Winston-Salem, 27103 at the office of the mediator, Ed Mitchell (336-725-9597). I believe the drive
is about 1.5-2hrs. Ted, I will be standing outside the front of my office at 7:30AM. Is that okay?
Melissa is my drive time correct. Also, can we get together by way of a conference call to talk about
this case? Tomorrow AM, afternoon, Thursday? What works for you guys? Thanks all. Anita
�ob�A,,, qo
�v

FILED
ORRICE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS
Da 12 12 Or PM 2W8
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE OFFICE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS
COUNTY OF YADKIN 08 EHR 1623
Twiman Caudle )
Petitioner )
VS. ) NOTICE OF HEARING
}
N. C. Department of Environment and }
Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality )
Respondent )
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the above -captioned case will be brought on for
hearing before the undersigned administrative law judge as follows:
DATE: February 10, 2009
TIME: 9:00 AM
PLACE: Iredell County Courthouse
Courtroom B
201 East Water Street
Statesville, North Carolina
This hearing will be conducted in accordance with G.S. Chapter 150D and the Rules of
Contested Case Hearings in the Office of Administrative Hearings, copies of which
may be obtained at cost from Molly Masich, Director of APA Services or by accessing
the OAH Web page at http://www.oah.state.nc.us/hearings/##Chapter3.
2. Unless otherwise determined by the administrative law judge, the hearing will proceed
in the following sequence:
a. Call of the case
b. Motions and other preliminary matters
c. Stipulations, agreements, or consent orders entered into the record
d. Opening statements
e. Presentation of evidence; cross-examination
f. Final arguments
3. All parties are hereby notified to bring to the hearing all documents, records, and
witnesses needed to present the parry's case.
NOTE: IF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT IS REQUIRED FOR THE PRESENTATION

OF EVIDENCE, THE PARTIES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING
ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE EQUIPMENT.
4. Subpoenas may be available to the parties pursuant to 26 NCAC 3.0113 to compel the
attendance of witnesses or for the production of documents.
5. A party may represent himself orbe represented by an attorney. All incorporated parties
must be represented by an attorney. A party who is represented -by an attorney must file
a Notice of Representatiomwithin 10 days of service of this Notice containing the name,
address, and telephone number of the attorney, unless the attorney has already
corresponded with this Office concerning this case.
TAKE NOTICE THAT A FAILURE TO APPEAR AT THE HEARING MAY RESULT IN:
1. A finding that the allegations of or the issues set out in this Notice may be taken as
true or deemed proved without further evidence;
2. Dismissal of the case or allowance of the motion or petition;
3. Suppression of a claim or defense; or
4. Exclusion of evidence.
NOTICE OF CANCELLATION OF HEARING
THE PARTIES MUST NOTIFY THE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS
AT LEAST 24 HOURS PRIOR TO THE CANCELLATION OF THE CONTESTED CASE
HEARING. FAILURE TO GIVE TIMELY NOTICE OF CANCELLATION MAY RESULT
IN A CHARGE TO THE PARTIES FOR THE COST OF THE COURT REPORTER OR
HEARING ASSISTANT. SEE 26 NCAC 3 .0123(i).
This Notice of Hearing is served in accordance with G.S. 150B-23(b)and (c) and
satisfies the statutory requirement for 15-day.notice prior to the hearing of a contested case.
This the 12th day of December; 2008.
A�K4-(W-e- AAe I
Beecher R. Gray
Administrative Law Judge

A copy of the foregoing was mailed to:
Edward L. Powell
Melvin and Powell
4400 Silas Creek Parkway
Suite 200 Park West
Winston Salem, NC 27104
ATTORNEY FOR PETITIONER
Anita LeVeaux
Assistant Attorney General
NC Department of Justice
9001 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-9001 _
ATTORNEY FOR RESPONDENT
This the 12th day of December, 2008.
Office of Administrative Hearings
6714 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-6714
[phone]
Fax: [phone]

-WED
} 1y r c! ni FNri
I
JUL o zap
SENDER: COMPLETErHis SECTION
COMPLETE THIS SECTION ON DELIVERY
■ Complete items 1, 2, and 3. Also complete
A. Signature
hem 4 If Restricted Delivery Is desired.
X
■ Print your name and address on the reverse
ivh f e e
so that we can return the card to you.
S. Reoetve r by (AInted Name)
C. -Date of De11va
■ Attach this card to the back of the mailplece,
t�
or on the front If space permits.
12 U'i S I
D. Is delivery addressdlffereM m t? 0 Y n +
t—
If YES, enter delivery address ❑ No
1.,Article Addressed to:
C7 f 0C
Mr. Twiman Caudle
-'�=©'�
Twiman Caudle Farm
3101 Reece Road
Booneville NC 27011
t
s. service Type
❑Certifiedfied Mai] ❑Express Mail .
❑ Registered ❑ Retum Receipt for Merchandise
❑ InS&ed Mail © C.O.D.
4. Restricted Delivery? (Extra Fee) ❑ Yes
2. Article Number 7006
2150 0003 5466 6885
(Transfer from service label)
.PS Form 3811, August 2001 Domestic. Return Receipt 2ACPRI-03•x-09e5
a �
UNITED STATES►-i,t "?',. Pai
USPS
f�a r s Vr;
• Sender: Please print your name, aaare55, ano Lir4 111 un5 r
NC DEPARTMENT OF ENV & NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WAFER QUALITY
AQUIFER PROTECTION SECTION
1636 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1636
ECEIVED 1 DENR 1 DAQ
,quifer Protection Section
` AIN, 1.0,M09,
;�:s� ltrltl),rrirll�;1EL�liltrtrrllrli,,r�ilr�llrrltl„ItlrrrrHrl

Correspondence Profile Cover Sheet
Page 1 of I
Ifflo.owu
A&egs.e
NCDEi;i�R
Correspondence Tracking System
Summary
Petition for a Contested Case Hearing: Twiman Caudle v. DWQ
Received 07/03/2008 via Letter
Legal issue for Mary Penny Thompson
Issued 07/02/2008 by Edward L. Powell of Attorney for Petitioner-
_..............w__...........� _�.__...._.__...._ '._....._.... **For Recipient Use Only **._._.�_.__........._.....__.�_.__.__........_..._..........
To:
Date: I I
Respond By:
Please: Prepare a reply for my signature and return to me.
Reply, noting the letter was referred to you by me. `
Prepare a reply for the Governor's signature and return to me.
Reply, noting the letter was referred to you by the Governor.
For your information.
Take appropriate action
Note and file.
Note and return to me.
Note and see me about this.
Your comments and/or recommendations.
'Copy to Secretary's Office
Remarks
http://ibeam.enr.state.nc.us/os/dts/print.do?dispatch=crsdProfile&id-2b 18 7/4/2008

CEASE PRINT!;LEARLY flit "TYPE
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA J��� � �U
COUNTY OF YADKIN
TWIMAN CAUDLE JUL S 2008
PETITIONER
V,
N. C DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES, DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
RESPONDENT.
(The State agency or board about which you arc complaining)
IN THE OFFICE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS
ptnoqW. IE"JT
111E;t'�`l %!- RK0Urj0EMT1T1ON
FOR A
CONTESTED CASE HEARING
I hereby ask for a contested case hearing as provided for by North Carolina General Statute ¢ 1 SOB-23 because the Respondent has:
(Briefly state facts showing how you believe you have been harmed by the State agency or oard.)
Petitioner has been assessed a civil penalty in the amount of $4,948.44. for alleged violations of I5A NCACO2B. 02b11(3j(c) by conducting or
controlling an activity causing the concentration of fecal coliform bacteria in surface water to exceed the water quality standards. Petitioner has been
a cattle and tobacco farmer in Yadkin County. He has had cattle on his farm in Yadkin County in the Reece Road area for over SO.ycars. At the
Rresent time, he has approximately 88 beef cattle in his pastures. He has never had any problems with anyone whatsoever concerning his cattle, and
is cattle have not caused any problems to anyone. He Itas never had any water quality problems in his are and his farm has never caused any fill
kills or any harm to the environment whatsoever until these allegations. The penalty is clearly excessive and arbitrary and capricious in relation to
the slight alleged harm. The penalty assessed does not bear any reasonableness to the slight alleged offense, Petitioner's rights of due process have
ban violated as Petitioner has had no opportunity to present any evidence in his behalf prior to the assessment of the penalty.
(If more space is needed, attach additional pages.)
(4) Because of these facts, the State agency or board has: (check at least one from each column)
deprived me of property; —X_exceeded its authority or jurisdiction;
_X ordered me to pay a fine or civil penalty; or X act.4 erroneously;
_X,otherwise substantially prejudiced my rights; AND _X_failed to use proper procedure;
_X_acted arbitrarily or capriciously; or
_X---failed to act as requited by law or rule.
(5) Date: July 2, 2009) Your phone number: ( 3315 ) 765-7896
(7) Print your fail address: Suite 200 Park West. 4400 Silas Creek Parkway, Winston-Satem, NC 04
(8) Print your name: Edward i .yoe4ll, Attorney for N1tit f /_ / /
(9) Your signature:
You must mail or deliver a COPY of this Petition to the State agency or board named on line (3) of this form. You should contact the agency or
board to determine the name of the person to be served.
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that this Petition has been served on the State agency or board named below by depositing a copy of it with the United States Postal Service
with sufficient postage affixed OR by delivering it to the named agency or board:
(10) Ms. Mary Penny Thompson, Registered Agent NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(12) 1601 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
(strut sddreWp.o. box) (airy) istatc) (zip code)
(13) This the 2' day of July, 2008.
H-06 (11199)

•
•
(14)
(your signature)
When you have completed this form, you MUST mail "or deliver the ORIGINAL AND ONE COPY to the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714
Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-6714.
H-06 (1 i199)

RE: Twiman Caudle
Subject: RE: Twiman Caudle
From: edward powell <[e-mail]>
Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2008 15:15:04 -0400
To: <[e-mail]>
Ms. Rosebrock,
Thank you for your help.
Out of an abundance of precaution, I filed a Petition for Wearing before the OAW to make sure that we were
within the 30 day timeframe.
Best regards.
Ed Powell
> Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2008 14:59:17 -0400
> From: Melissa,[e-mail]
> To: [e-mail]
> CC: [e-mail]; [e-mail]
> Subject: Twiman Caudle
> Mr. Powell,
> Although I have not seen the "green card" for myself, our database
> confirms that Mr. Caudle received an "Assessment of Civil Penalties"
> letter (dated May 30, 2008) on June 9, 2008. The letter instructs Mr.
> Caudle to respond within 30 days of receipt of the letter, which would
> make it July 9, 2008.
> If you have further questions, please contact me at the number below or
> Miressa Garoma at 919.715.6937.
> Regards,
> Melissa Rosebrock
> Melissa Rosebrock
> Environmental Specialist
> NC DENR Winston-Salem Regional Office
> Division of Water Quality - Aquifer Protection Section
> 585 Waughtown Street
> Winston-Salem, NC 27107
> Voice: [phone]
> FAX: [phone]
I _r, v'ItIAA0I.-Ie MA

Caudle Correspondence
Subject: Caudle Correspondence
From: Stephen Berry <[e-mail]>
Date: Fri, 27 .)tin 2008 15:39:09 -0400
To: Melissa Rosebrock <Melissa.Rosebrocic ri nernail.net>
CC`: Sherri Knight <Sherri.Knightnncrrrail.net>, [e-mail]
Melissa,
I received a phone call on 06/27/2008 at a little after 3pm, from an attorney, Ed Powell,
representing Twiman Caudle.
Mr. Powell inquired as to when the facility (Mr. Caudle) received the penalty letter and
wanted to know the response timeline.
I was unable to locate the file, but did locate the dates entered into BIMS. I advised Mr.
Powell that our database showed a received date of 06/0912008, a response due date of
07/09/2008, and that these dates may or may not be accurate.
I encouraged Mr. Powell to contact you next week to insure these dates were correct.
If possible, please send Mr. Powell an email (edwardpowell(a)-hotmaii.com) or a phone call
(765-7886) verifying these dates.
Thanks,
Stephen Berry
NC DENR
Winston-Salem Regional Office
Division of Water Quality, Aquifer Protection Section
585 Waughtown Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
Voice; [phone]
FAX: [phone]
Stephen Bern! <;Stephen.Berry 5,NCmail.net>
Environmental Senior.Technician
Division of Water Quality, Aquifer Protection Section
NC DENR
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Acres
83.9
Owner Information
Owner Name
CAUDLE TWIMAN
Owner Name 2
Owner Address
3101 REECE RD
Owner Address
City
BOONVILLE
State
NC
Zip Code
27011
Property Information
Phyical Address
3101 REECE RD
Deed Book
95
Deed Page
181
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T. Caudle vs. Division of Water Quality Mediation
February 4, 2009
Move electric fence back
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Map created by Yadkin County & Northwest Piedmont Yadkin County Assumes no legal responsibility for the data on
COG. I this map. Please check with original source to verify data.
//
Roads
Contour Index (404ioat)
Contour Lines (24eet)
Flood Z.
Parcels
Municipalities
Aerials 2007

I
0
CJ
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD
STREAM CROSSING
(No-)
CODE 578
DEFINITION
A stabilized area or structure constructed
across a stream to provide a travel way for
people, livestock, equipment, or vehicles.
PURPOSE
■ Improve water quality by reducing
sediment, nutrient, organic, and inorganic
loading of the stream.
■ Reduce streambank and streambed
erosion.
• Provide crossing for access to another
land unit.
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
This practice applies to all land uses where an
intermittent or perennial watercourse exists
and a ford, bridge, or culvert type crossing is
desired for livestock, people, and for
equipment.
CRITERIA
Location. Stream crossings shall be located
in areas where the streambed is stable, where
grade control can be provided to create a
stable condition, or upstream of where a
natural barrier such as a rock seam or large
boulder exists. Avoid sites where channel
grade or alignment changes abruptly,
excessive seepage or instability is evident,
overfalls exist, or large tributaries enter the
stream.
Wetland areas shall be avoided to the
maximum extent possible. Cuts and fills in
wetlands and the waters of the United States
578 - 1
will require permits. Consult the Army Corps
of Engineers and the North Carolina State
Division of Water Quality and Department of
Environment and Natural Resources for permit
requirements.
Locate crossings, where possible, out of shady
riparian areas to discourage cattle loafing time
in the stream.
Stream crossings shall provide a way for
normal passage of water, fish and other
aquatic animals within the channel during all
seasons of the year.
Crossings shall be installed perpendicular to
the direction of the flow of the stream. • Skews
shall be avoided on all but the smallest
streams. Stream crossings shall not be
installed in a newly located or constructed
channel.
Access Roads. Where high rates of erosion
of the adjacent roadways that slope towards
the crossing threaten to deliver an excessive
amount of sediment to the drainage, install
measures to minimize erosion of the roadside
ditch, road surface, and/or cut slopes. Where
the stream crossing is installed as part of a
roadway, the crossing shall be in accordance
with NRCS Conservation Practice Standard,
560, Access Road,
Width. The stream crossing shall provide an
adequate travel -way width for the intended
use. A multi -use stream crossing shall have a
travel -way no less than 10 feet wide. Width
shall be measured from the upstream end to
the downstream end of the stream crossing
and shall not include the side slopes.
Crossings shall be no more than 20 feet wide.
Side Slopes. All cuts and fills for the stream
crossing shall have side slopes that are stable
Conservation practice standards are reviewed periodically, and updated if needed To obtain
the current version of this standard, contact the Natural Resources Conservation Service.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

0
578 - 2
for the soil involved. Side slopes of earth cuts
or fills shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal to
1 vertical. Rock cuts or fills shall be no
steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical.
Stream Approaches. Approaches to the
stream crossing shall blend with existing site
conditions where possible, and shall not be
steeper than 5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Unless
the foundation geology is otherwise
acceptable, the approaches shall be stable,
have a gradual ascent or descent grade, and
be underlain with suitable material, as
necessary, to withstand repeated and long
term use. The minimum width of the
approaches shall be equal to the width of the
crossing surface. Minimum length of the
approaches shall be 20 feet.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around the
approaches to prevent erosion of the
approaches. Roadside ditches shall be
directed into a diversion or away from the
crossing surface.
Rock. All rock shalt be chosen to withstand
exposure to air, water, freezing and thawing.
When rock is used, it shall be sufficiently large
and dense so that it is not mobilized by design
flood flows.
Fencing. Areas adjacent to the stream
crossing shall be permanently fenced or,
otherwise excluded, as needed, to manage
livestock access to the crossing.
When stream crossings are in pasture fields, a
gate will be installed at the entrance of the
crossing to prevent continuous livestock
access to the stream, as needed.
Cross -stream fencing at fords shall be
accomplished with breakaway wire, swinging
floodgates, hanging electrified chain or other
devices to allow the passage of floodwater
debris during high flows.
All fencing shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with NRCS Conservation
Practice Standard 382, Fence,
Vegetation. All areas to be vegetated shall be
planted as soon as practical after construction.
Use NRCS Conservation Practice Standard
342, Critical Area Planting, as appropriate, to
establish vegetation.
NRCS, NC
September 2004
Criteria for Culvert and Bridge Crossings
Design of culverts and bridges shall be
consistent with sound engineering principles
and shall be adequate for the use, type of
road, or class of vehicle. Culverts and bridges
shall have sufficient capacity to convey the
design flow without appreciably altering the
stream flow characteristics.
Culverts shall be sized to handle at least the
bankfull flow or the peak runoff from the 2-
year, 24-hour peak discharge, whichever is
less. Crossings shall be adequately protected
so that out -of -bank flows safely bypass without
structure or streambank damage, or erosion of
the crossing fill. Additional culverts may be
used at various elevations to maintain terrace
or floodpiain hydraulics.
The length of the culvert shall be adequate to
extend the full width of the crossing, including
side slopes. At least one culvert pipe shall be
placed on or below grade with the existing
stream bottom.
Acceptable culvert materials include concrete,
corrugated metal, corrugated plastic, new or
used high quality steel and other materials
approved -by the engineer.
Acceptable bridge materials include concrete,
steel, and wood.
c
Criteria for Ford Crossings
When ford crossings are used, the cross -
sectional area of the crossing shall not be less
than the natural channel cross -sectional area.
A portion of the crossing shall be depressed at
or below the average stream bottom elevation
when needed to keep base flows or low flows
concentrated.
Cutoff walls shall be provided at the upstream
and downstream edges of ford -type stream
crossings when needed to protect against
undercutting.
The finished top surface of the ford type
stream crossing in the bottom of the
watercourse shall be no higher than the
original stream bottom at the upstream edge of
the ford crossing. 4f the downstream edge of
the ford crossing is above the original stream
bottom, the ford crossing shall be stabilized in
accordance with NRCS Conservation Practice
Standard 584, Stream Channel Stabilization,

•
•
Where rock is used for ford type stream
crossings for livestock, use a hoof contact
zone or alternative surfacing method over the
surfacing rock.
Concrete Fords
Concrete ford crossings shall be used only
where the foundation of the stream crossing is
determined to have adequate bearing strength
Concrete shall have a minimum compressive
strength of 3,000 psi at 28 days. Concrete ford
crossings shall have a minimum thickness of
placed concrete of 5 inches with minimum
reinforcement of 6-inch by 6-inch, 6 gauge
welded wire fabric. The concrete slab shall be
poured on a minimum 4-inch thick rock base,
unless the foundation is otherwise acceptable.
Precast concrete panels may be used in lieu of
cast -in -place concrete slabs. Precast concrete
units shall comply with ACl 525 or 533, or as
otherwise acceptable for local conditions.
When heavy equipment loads are anticipated,
the concrete slab shall be designed using an
appropriate procedure as described in
American Concrete Institute, ACI 360, Design
of Slabs on Grade.
Geocell and/or Rock Ford Crossinqs
Rock ford crossings with geotextile shall be
used when the site has a soft or unstable
subgrade. Ford crossings made of stabilizing
material such as rock riprap are often used in
steep areas subject to flash flooding, where
normal flow is shallow or intermittent.
The bed of the channel shall be excavated to
the necessary depth and width, below potential
scout lines, and covered with geotextile
material. The geotextile material shall be
installed on the excavated surface of the ford
and shall extend across the bottom of the
stream and at least up to the 10-year, 24-hour
peak discharge elevation. Where stream
channels are composed of stable coarse rock
material or solid bedrock, the requirement to
extend the geotextile across the channel
bottom may be waived upon written approval
of the area engineer.
Cutoff trenches shall be installed along the
upper ends of entrance and exit ramps and on
both the upstream and downstream sides of
the stream crossing. The downstream trench
578 - 3
may be omitted on crossings with drainage
areas less than 300 acres.
The geotextile material shall be covered with at
least 8 inches of coarse aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
NCDOT for ABC coarse aggregate. Washed
stone or gravel shall be used in streams
designated as NC Designated Public Mountain
Trout Waters and their upper tributaries.
If using geocells, the cells shall be at least 6
inches deep. All geosynthetic material shall be
suitably durable and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations, including the use of
staples, clips and anchor pins.
At minimum, all rock ford stream crossings
shall be designed to remain stable during the
10-year, 24-hour peak discharge.
CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid or minimize stream crossings, when
possible, through evaluation of alternative trail
or travel -way locations.
Ford crossings have the least detrimental
impact on water quality when crossing is
infrequent. Ford crossings are adapted for
crossing wide, shallow watercourses with firm
streambeds.
Stream crossings should be located where
adverse environmental impacts will be
minimized and considering the fallowing:
• Effects on up -stream and down -stream
flow conditions that could result in
increases in erosion, deposition, or
flooding.
• Short term and construction -related effects
on water quality.
• . Effects on fish passage and wildlife
habitats.
• Effects on cultural.resources.
• Overall effect on erosion and
sedimentation that will be caused by the
installation of the crossing and any
necessary stream diversion.
Where stream crossings are used, evaluate
the need for safety measures such as
NRCS, NC
September 2004

i. 0
578 - 4
guardrails at culvert or bridge crossing, or
water depth signage at ford crossings.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for stream crossings
shall be in keeping with this standard and shall
describe the requirements for applying the
practice to achieve its intended purpose.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
An operation and maintenance plan shall be
developed and implemented for the life of the
practice.
All stream crossings, appurtenances, and
associated fences shall be inspected at least
annually and after each major storm event with
repairs made as needed.
NRCS, NC
September 2004

V
•
•
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE SPECIFICATION
STREAM CROSSING (FORD CROSSINGS)
(No.)
CODE 578
CLEARING
All trees and brush shall be removed
from the area before excavation starts
The foundation shall be cleared of all
stumps, roots, brush, sod, and other
debris.. All waste materials shall be
disposed of in a sightly and
workmanlike manner in designated
areas out of the natural floodway.
FOUNDATION EXCAVATION
All material shall be removed from the,
foundation of the stream crossing to
the depths, widths, and lengths
required by the design. Excavation
may be limited to one side of the
stream at a time in order to facilitate
diversion of the stream. 1t may be
advantageous to divert the stream
flows around the site using a pipe or
ditch or to temporarily impound the
stream during construction. Trenches
shall be excavated along the upper
ends of entrance and exit'ramps and
on both the upstream and downstream
sides of the stream crossing for
geotextile installation.
GEOTEXTILES
A geotextile (fabric filter cloth) shall be
installed under the entire crossing as
well as in the toe trenches. In the
S578 - 1
upstream toe trenches, the geotextile
shall be back lapped over its own
trench.
The geotextile shall be a non -woven
needle -punched material with a
minimum tensile strength of 120 lbs.
(minimum average roll value). The
geotextile shall be placed on a grade
parallel to the natural streambed prior
to construction.
The geotextile shall be toed into the
trenches and the trenches backfilled
with course stable soil or crushed
stone. Longitudinal ends of the
geotextile shall be lapped back over
the top of the backfill toe trench a
minimum of one foot beyond the edge
of the trench and anchored to the
fabric using anchoring pins placed on
five foot centers. When more that one
width of geotextile is required, the
downstream panel shall be installed
first. The next upstream panel shall be
installed with a minimum of 18 inches
overlap over the first section.
Anchoring pins shall be installed on
three foot centers six inches from the
downstream edge of the lap, Pins
shall penetrate both sections of
geotextile in the lap. See Form NC-
ENG-45 for typical example.
Tears should be repaired immediately
by removing all surface material and
soil from the tear for minimum distance
NRCS, NC
September 2004

A
• to
S578 - 4
of 18 inches in all directions of the tear
Spread a new section of geotextile
material over the cleared area and
anchor with anchoring pins around all
sides.
ANCHORING PINS
Anchoring pins shall be fabricated
using No. 3 reinforcing steel or material
of equivalent or greater size and
durability and shaped as shown on
Form NC-ENG-45. All pins shall be
installed with the top width lying
perpendicular (at right angles) to the
direction of flow in the stream. Pins
shall be driven vertically into
undisturbed soil to provide maximum
resistance to removal.
Anchoring pins shall be installed
through all overlapped fabric and
across the width of the channel bottom
on approximately three foot centers.
The minimum number of anchoring
pins to be used shall be as shown in
Table 1.
Table 1.
Minimum Number of Anchoring Rns Re<juired
Number of Fabric St, rios
Factor Times Total
Across Channel
Length of Crossing
1
0.85
2
1.30
Example.
Stream crossing 80 feet in total length
using two adjacent strips of fabric for a
crossing width of 20 feet. Minimum
number of pins is 1.3 times 80 feet for a
total of 104 pins. Specify 110 anchoring
pins.
Care should be taken not to rip the
fabric while installing pins. Pins should
NRCS, NC
September 2004
be sharpened to permit easy
penetration through fabric through a
small opening. Fabric will fit tightly
around anchoring pins with sharpened
ends. If a pin must be removed for any
reason, plug the opening created by
the pin with a wadded ball of
geotextile.
Light weight wire staples such as used
to anchor mulch netting may be used
to hold the geotextile in place
temporarily while construction is in
progress. Such. staples are not
adequate to provide permanent
anchoring of the geotextile.
SURFACING MATERIAL
Acceptable material consisting of
coarse sands and/or gravel, if present
in the foundation excavation, may be
stockpiled for later use in the toe
trenches or on the roadway. Large
washed stone or creek gravel may be
used to prepare a foundation for the
geotextile in unstable soils.
Coarse stone may be used as a
subgrade filler between the geotextile
and the surfacing material. The
surface of the crossing shall consist of
a layer, a minimum of 8 inches thick, of
course aggregate meeting the
approximate gradation requirements of
the North Carolina DOT for ABC
course aggregate. Washed stone or
gravel shall be used in streams
designated as North Carolina
Designated Public Mountain Trout
Waters and their upper tributaries.
Surfacing material will be spread such
that a minimum of six inches of cover
exists on the geotextile before tracked
equipment is operated over it. Failure
to cover the cloth with an adequate
layer of stone at sites with fine sand or

•
0
non -plastic silts and clays may result in
the creation of "mud bubbles" in the
geotextile.
FINISH GRADES AND SLOPES
Crossings shall be no less than 10 feet
and no more than 20 feet wide in
upstream direction between the fence
posts.
Surface runoff shall be diverted around
'the entrance and exit slopes to prevent
erosion of the surfacing materials.
Runoff shall be diverted either
upstream or downstream to a point
from which it cannot flow back toward
the entrance or exit ramp.
The finished surfacing should be on
the same grade as the natural
streambed above and below the site.
Failure to match the natural streambed
grade may result in erosion of the
surfacing materials or undesirable
siltation in the crossing area.
FENCING
Fence posts along each side of the
crossing shall be installed inside the
area covered with geotextile and stone.
When stream crossings are in pasture
fields, a gate will be installed at the
entrance of the crossing to prevent
continuous livestock access to the
stream. Fence posts with sharpened
ends shall be driven through the
geotextile in the center of the trenches.
The wire should be placed on the
downstream side of the posts on each
fence line, Strands of wire should not
be continuous across the crossing, but
shall be cut above the normal high
water line and secured lightly to the
posts so that a buildup of trash will pull
the wire away from the post, allowing
the trash to move downstream.
S578 - 3
,JOB ORGANIZATION
All materials should be available and
ready at the site to allow completion of
the crossing in one working day.
Materials such as the geotextile,
anchoring pins, staples, pointed fence
posts and surfacing stone should be at
the site before commencing
construction. Proper equipment should
be at the site and ready for an early
morning start.
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Landowners and contractors should be
advised of the use of proper
equipment. Improper equipment will
result in inability to properly construct
the crossing and excessive cost of
construction.
Experience has proved that certain
types of construction equipment are
more suitable for installation of stream
crossing than others. Where crossings
are on small watercourses with stable
subsoils, equipment choice may not be
critical. Where non -plastic silts and
clays or unstable fine sands are
anticipated in the subgrade material,
the following observations should be,
noted:
Tracked equipment is superior to
rubber tired equipment.
Crawler tractors with angle dozer or
bulldozer blades and fixed bucket
front end loaders should be
avoided.
Smaller, lighter dump trucks to
deliver surfacing material will cause
less damage to approaches than
large trucks.
Track mounted hydraulic
excavators with reaches.of 25 feet
NRCS, NC
September 2004

S578 - 4
or more provide the best and
fastest installation.
A tracked front end loader with a 4
in 1 clamshell type bucket and a
large rubber tired backhoe provide
the best installation if a hydraulic
excavator is not available.
A farm tractor with a scraper blade
is very useful.
A gasoline powered pump and
hose should be available for
pumping excess water from
trenches.
NRCS,NC
September 2004

4
' r RSCEIVEC
N.C. Dept ci -NR
NC DENR I DEC 18 2001
DSWC
Winstcr-Salem
Regicna! office
NORTH CAROLINA
AGRICULTURE COST SHARE PROGRAM
CONSERVATION PLAN OF OPERATION (CPO)
NC-ACSP-11
(12/98)
NAME: Twiman Caudle
ADDRESS: 3101 Reece Rd,
Boonville, NC 27011-8305
AGREEMENT NUMBER
99-07-13-16
BMP
ITEM
NO.
TRACT/
FIELD
NO:
PLANNED _
TREATMENT
EST.'
AMOUNTS
(UNITS)
AVERAGE
COST
$
COST
SHARE
%
ESTIMATED COST SHARE AND TIME
SCHEDULE BY PROGRAM YEAR (INCLUDE
OTHER COST SHARED FUNDING SOURCES)
PY 2007 PY PY
1
2069/
16-27
Watering System
Livestock Exclusion (non -electric)
4,800
$2.10
75%
$7,560.00
Gates
6
85.00
75%
$383.00
Well (75% of actual cost not to exceed
$3,000.00 charge to NCACSP)
1
$4,000
75%
$3,000.00
Pump (75% of actual cost not to exceed
$1,000.00 charge to NCACSP
1
$1,333
75%
$1,000.00
Waterline
2,500
$1.75
75%
$3,281.00
Watering Tanks (75% of actual cost not to
exceed $600.00 charge to NCACSP
5
$800
75%
$3,000.00
Stone (20X20.5)x5
77
$18.00 1
75%
$1040.00
Geotextiles (20x2O)x5
222
$2.25
75%
$375.00
$19,639.00
to
�1 %
Technical Representative o Date _
Sot)

NC DENR NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURE COST SHARE PROGRAM NC-ACSP-11A
DSWC CONSERVATION PLAN OF OPERATION (CPO) SUMMARY (08/2004)
NAME: Twiman Caudle
AGREEMENT NUMBER
TOTAL ACRES
ANIMAL TYPE AND
ADDRESS: 3101 Reece Road
AFFECTED
NUMBER
Boonville, NC 27011-8305
99-07-13-16
125
Beef Cow/Calf -75
TOTAL COST
TOTAL CONTRACT AMOUNT BY FUNDING
TOTAL SOIL LOSS
TOTAL NUTRIENT
TOTAL WASTE
SOURCE (Enter Funding Code)
REDUCTION
LOSS REDUCTION
MANAGED
Regular ACSP
TONSIYR
LBS/YR N LBSIYR P
LBSIYR N LBSIYR P
P205
$
$ 18,985.00
$
$
175
U
Highest level of design approval: FIELD OFFICE _X_ AREA OFFICE' STATE OFFICE OTHER
The Cooperator(s) has reviewed the Cost Share Agreement and CPO and agrees to apply the planned treatment according to the
standards and specifications as approved by the Division of Soil and Water Conservation. Failure to carry out the un-numbered
contract items (UN) does not constitute non-compliance with the contract. The Cooperator(s) agrees to maintain the striperopping
system for 5 years, long term no -till for 5 years, nutrient management plan for 3 years, sod -based rotation for a minimum of
months in sod, and all other practices for 10 years, except conservation tillage, which is an annual practice. . The Cooperator(s) also
agrees to fully implement the Waste Management Plan (WMP) that is part of the CPO. CPO and payment are contingent on
approval by NPS Section, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, NC DENR. Funding for this CPO is contingent upon final
annual allocation of State funds to the District. Installation may not begin prior to receiving approval from the Division, with
the exception of vegetative -only CPOs not exceeding $2500, as provided by the NC-ACSP-2 contract form, if chosen by the
cooperator(s).
lopplicant: Date:
Landowner (if applicable): Date. -
Technical Representative: Date:
Design Approval Authority:
(Can be submitted separately from 11A)
Date:
District Chair: Date:

i, RcCE{`�� 10
M'.C. Deat. of ENR
DEC 18 2007
W'InstonSalern
RE ional 0MCe
YADKIN SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT
PO BOX 8 _
YADKINVILLE, NC 27055
336-679-8052 PHONE [phone] FAX
Date: cl-A de%_?
Re: North Carolina Agriculture. Cost Share Contract
Name:
Contract #:
Practice:J��rr j7
I, Twiman Caudle, due to circumstances undisclosed, wish to not
participate in the North Carolina Ag. Cost Share Program. I
understand that a contract has been developed for my farm and I have
been offered both technical assistance as well as financial assistance, but
at this time'I do not want to participate in the program. I hope that this
money can be used to help another producer install best management
practices on their farm.
alel
Producer Signature Date
6 /�4' I � I-/-
ga2irn—Soil and Water District Rep. Date

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Feb;�02 119 08:35p Tritest Clemmorls
•
TRITEST
www.tritestinC.Com
February 2, 2009
CLIENT NAME
CLIENT NUMBER
SAMPLE NUMBER
WORK ORDER #
COLLECTED DATE
RECEIVED DATE
DESCRIPTION
TEST
FECAL COLIFORM
CERTIFICATION #
CERTIFIED BY:
CERTIFICATE OF'ANALYSIS
3367662314
•
PROJECT:
CAUDLE- YADKIN COUNTY
NC DENR DWQ WSRO
80132
283971-01
283971-02
283971.03
901-01099
1130109
1130/09
1 /30109
1130109
1 /30109
1130109 .
CAUDLE
CAUDLE
CAUDLE
UPSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
OF BRIDGE
UNITS RESULTS RESULTS
#1100ML 110 218
NC 103
NC 37733
MORGAN TOWS
RESULTS DATE
p.2
TIME
320 1/30/09 1250
6701 Conference Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 6300 Ramada Dr., Suite C2, Clemmons, NC 27012 6624 Gordon Road, Unit G, Wilmington, NC 28411
Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone] Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone] Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone]

TRiTEST
6701 Conference Dr( NC 27607
ph: [phone] 1--. %919) $34-6497
NGWW Cen#67, NCOW Cen#37731
Report Results To:
Company: L,-110� QGN-?=::f r)L",
Address-,
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Attn
Phone: Fax:
C of ,,ustody Tritest W.O.#
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Bill To:
NIL
Project Reference
Project Number:
Purchase Order #:
'Wstandard Report Delivery
El Rush Report Delivery (wi surcharge)
IrWSh
Sampled by (signature): � `111 A
propels XC Svt4ed bn pW mpprWM W the latim1my
;9 1 Requested Due Date:
Sample Description
Gb
Start Date
SW Time
End Date
End TIme
Matrix
OWL SW
Analyses Requested
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Received by (signawre)
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Time
Receipt Conditions (Lab Use Only)
C1 4+2°C 0 Temp-C
Res, Chlorine C1 Absent 0 Present 0 n/a
Acid preserv. <2 ? E]Yes DNo Cln/a
Base preserv.>i2? DYes C)No Eln/a
RaMquished try (signature)
Received by (signature)
Date
Time
Herinqifirhed by (signature)
fleceiVed by (signaoure)
Care
Time

West side of Abraham Road Bridge.
Note severe stream bank erosion and solids in stream due to excessive cattle traffic.
East side of Abraham Road bridge. View is looking upstream.
Note solids in stream due to erosion caused by excessive cattle traffic.

E
12/13/07 photo. West side of Abraham Road
bridge. Erosion and excessive cattle traffic persists. Evidence of sediment and manure in stream.
photo. East side of bridge. Note algae.
1.2/13/07 photo. East side of bridge looking
upstream. Flow is from top to bottom of photo.

B/07 photo. Upstream (east side) of
Abraham Road bridge. Evidence of excessive algae in North Deep Creek (Class C waters of the State).
2/13/07 photo. Evidence of foam in stream.
12/13/07 photo. Cattle upstream of bridge.

01/02/08 photo. East side of Abraham Road bridge.
01/07/08 photo. Severely eroded stream bank approx.
1000 feet downstream (west) of Abraham Road.
Note denuded and eroded stream banks.
01/02/08 photo. Cattle in North Deep Creek.
Note end of fence. Cattle have access to
approximately 1000 feet of stream from this
point on downstream.
01/07/08 photo. Cattle access located approx.
250 feet downstream (west) of Abraham Road.
Photo taken 01/07/08. Note eroded stream bank.
Photo taken 01/07/08.

0 .
Cattle access for crossing through North Deep Creek (Class C waters of the State) under
Abraham Road bridge. Stream flow is from right to left.
Note severe north side stream bank erosion and sediment and/or waste in stream.
Odor of waste was also detected in this area.

Cattle passing under Abraham Road bridge.
Stream flow is from left to right.
Note denuded stream bank and sediment in stream

0 0
View under Abraham Road bridge. North Deep Creek flow is from top of photo to bottom.
Note sediment and/or waste in creek. Cattle passage is to the left of the wire fencing.

4
t [ W
•d
k�
`-
..r
f
�u���F.

Foam in North Deep Creek, downstream of bridge.
Class C waters of the State.

View of denuded and washed out area in cattle pasture on north side of North Deep Creek.

0
Hot wire fencing ends here. Cattle have access to approximately 270 feet of North Deep
irnalr Jin na+rnum frnyn thie rinint TIInw is frnm loft to rirrht
Cattle access located approximately 1000 feet downstream of Abraham Road bridge.
Note severe stream bank erosion and denuded pasture on both sides of North Deep Creek.

Close-up of cattle crossing located approximately 1000 feet downstream of the Abraham Road
bridge. Cattle have access to approximately 270 feet of Deep Creek from this point downstream.
Again, note severe stream bank erosion and denuded slope due to excessive cattle traffic.
Flaw is from left to right.

r
Additional electric wire fencing proposed to help control run—off of sediment and/or waste
into North Deep Creek due to excessive cattle traffic. Need to re-establish stream bank and
vegetation within this area. Stream flow is from left to right.

0
0
Site for 20-30 foot wide crossing constructed to NRCS guidelines.
End of electric fence down stream. Approximately 270 feet of cattle access.
Note severe stream bank erosion due to excessive cattle traffic.