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Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances Are Important Drinking
Water Contaminants in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina
Mei Sun'ti, Elisa Arevalot, Mark Strynar§, Andrew Lindstrom§, Michael Richardsonll, Ben Kearnsil, Adam
Picketty, Chris Smith", and . ..... - Knappel
.................Ith ...................
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t Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North
Carolina 28223, United States
t Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North
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Carolina 27695, United States
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§ National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research, Triangle Park, North
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Carolina 27711, United States
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II Cape Fear Public Utility Authority, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403. United States
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I Town of Pittsboro, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312, United States
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# Fayetteville Public Works Commission, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, United States
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Environ. Sci. Technol Left., 2016, 3 (12). pp 415-419
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DOI: 10.10211acs.estlett.6b00398
Publication Date (Web): November 10, 2016
Copyright @ 2016 American Chemical Society
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`E-mail: msun8@unce.edu. Phone 704-687-1723.
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Long -chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are being replaced by short -chain PFASs
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and fluorinated alternatives. For ten legacy PFASs and seven recently discovered perfluoroalkyl
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ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), we report (1) their occurrence in the Cape Fear River (CFR)
watershed, (2) their fate in water treatment processes, and (3) their adsorbability on powdered
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activated carbon (PAC). In the headwater region of the CFR basin, PFECAs were not detected in
raw water of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), but concentrations of legacy PFASs were
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high. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's lifetime health advisory level (70 nglL) for
perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was exceeded on 57 of 127
sampling days, In raw water of a DWTP downstream of a PFAS manufacturer, the mean
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concentration of perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid (PFPrOPrA), a replacement for PFOA, was
Received 13 October 2016
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/I 0. 102 1 /acs.estlett.6b00398 6/ 14/2017
DEQ-CFW 00074590