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Home My WebLink AboutDEQ-CFW_00058024NC Division of Water Resources Study Plan Oven,iew The North Carolina Division of Water Resources (DWR) proposes a study to screen surface waters in the [ape Fear River basin for two water quality constituents of interest: • Bromide (Br-) Backp-ou�id 8�,Omftle Bromide in surface water iu not health concern by itself. When water treatment plants (VVTPs) take in surface water and disinfect with chlorine to produce drinking water, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) can be created, indudin8triha|omethanes (THMs), ha|oaceticacids, bromate and chlorite. When the source water contains elevated levels of bromide, brominated forms of THMs with higher molecular weights are more likely to form, presenting both a greater risk to human health and an increased chance ofVVTP exceedance of D8P criteria in drinking water. Bromide sources infresh water may include saltwater intrusion, well drilling brines, industrial and agricultural chemicals. Higher bromide concentrations may be observed during seasonal low flows 1,4-Dioxamm 1,4-Dioxane is a probable human carcinogen with drinking water advisory levels in place in several countries and USstates (Mohr,ZU1O;Stepien,et at,JO14). Asawater quality contaminant, itishighly persistent due to its "indefinite solubility in water" (Stepien, et aL, 2014). Conventional drinking water treatment mechanisms have been found to be ineffective at removing 1,4-dioxane from source water. However, it can be removed via advanced oxidation processes applying a combination of hydrogen peroxide and other factors (Stepien, etoL, 2014; Water Research Foundation, 2014). Sources of 1,4-dioxane include industrial solvents, paint strippers and varnishes, by-products of chemical processes to manufacture soaps and plastics, and impurities in solvents, antifreeze and consumer NC Division of Water Resources Study Plan August 7, 2014 SWdy Objective The study objective is to conduct a screening of the ambient bromide and 1,4-dioxane concentrations in surface waters of the upper and middle Cape Fear River basin of North Carolina during all seasons. Wdy Mee and Sampling Locations DEQ-CFW 00058025 NC Division of Water Resources Study Plan UGSG gages Sampling Locations Smaller Streams .................................. ................................. .................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. Maior Waters Winston-Salem RO 0 10 20 40 Miles August 7, 2014 Cape Fear River Basin Bromide and 1,4-Dioxant Study Sites (NC Division of Water Resources, OF June 2014) ki DEQ-CFW-00058026 NC Division of Water Resources Study Plan SWdy Scliedifle mid Sta0Qiig Sampling will be conducted monthly for one year in order to capture seasonal variability in constituent concentrations and flow. |tisanticipated that sampling will begin inAugust 2U14. Sampling will be conducted by DWR staff members in the Winston-Salem and Wilmington regions clurin-V their regular monthly ambient monitoring at 6 of the 12 stations. Stations B0210000 and BI will be added to the monthly runs of the Winston-Salem region. No additional stations will be added to the Wilmington monthly ambient monitoring. The remaining 6 stations will be sampled monthly by staff in SWdyMlmffimds mid QA/QC Sampling will be conducted according to methods described in North Carolina's Ambient Monitoring System (AMS) Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) (NCDENR, 2014, Section B.2 and Appendices 7 and O) and instructions provided by the contract laboratory for 1,4-dioxane collection. All samples to be analyzed for bromide and 1,4'dioxanexviU be collected as near -surface (i.e. 0.1 meter depth) grab samples. One sample will be collected for the analysis of bromide and 1,4-dioxane at each site every month. Additional quality assurance samples will be collected as requested by the DWR and contract laboratories, and inaccordance with the AK8SCy\PP(NCDENR,2Ol4). At each sampling event, a mu|d'parametermeter (e.g. Y3| Pro Plus with Ouatno cable orsimilar) will be used in situ to measure instantaneous water temperature, pH, specific conductance and dissolved oxygen values. Method SW-846 8270 SIM (selected ion monitoring) will be used to evaluate the presence of 1,4- dioxane at a contract laboratory to be determined. The practical quantitadonlimit (PQL)isexpected to beapproximately 3 [ig/L Matrix spikes will beanalyzed toevaluate surface waters receiving different types of inputs in which the potential for various types of interferences exist: B0750000 (domestic wastewater effluent), B4050000(dam release), B7480000(urban stormxvater)and 88350000(sxvamp 1'romicle will be analyzed by the DWR Water Sciences Section, Microbiology & Inorganic Chemistry 'ranch, using EPA Method 300.0 with a PQL of I mg/L. ffifoi�mmtiomNmmded from OUier Smnrcms Surface discharge has been shown to be inversely related to 1,4-dioxane concentration in some cases. Flow data from United States Geological Sodety(USGS) gages atornear sampling stations will be downloaded asanexplanatory variable. 0 NC Division of Water Resources Study Plan Aiialysis Data for each sampling event will be reviewed promptly to allow modification of monitoring frequency and other actions if indicated. Study results will be summarized by parameter intabular and spatial formats. Data will be explored for seasona|hy, flow dependency, and comparison with expected and advisory levels of the constituents of interest. The small datauet (n=lZ per station) and short study dmeframewill preclude trend analyses; however, the data are expected to beadequate to inform future directions related to bromide and 1,4- diuxane in NC waters. A written report of study results will be drafted by Water Sciences Section staff upon receipt of final, quality -assured bromide and 1,4-dioxane results from the laboratories. The WSS Chief will provide guidance on methods of providing reports to interested internal and public parties, and determining future courses of action based on study results. Em% �nmtmd Sft* Cost The initial estimated cost for 1,4-dioxaneana|ysis, including matrix spikes, is $ZlOOO by contract lab. More definitive costs will be established after selection of the laboratory. Bromide samples will be analyzed in-house by the DWR WSS at a cost of $40.65 per sample, totaling approximately $6000. Other study costs related tosampling and reporting will befor staff time. |tisexpected that during each month of the study, an additional 10 minutes will be needed at each ambient site and that sampling at the other four sites will take 1and Z hours inthe Winston-Salem and Fayetteville regions, respectively, including travel time. The report including internal review will take approximately one and a half months. NC Division of Water Resources Study Plan LitermWre Cited Handke, P. 2008. Trihalomethane speciation and the relationship to elevated total dissolved solid concentrations affecting drinking water quality atsystems utilizing the Monongahela River asa primary source during the 3 d and 4 1h quarters of 2008. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Standards and Facility Regulation. K4ohr,T|i IOlO. Environmental Investigation and Remediation: 1/4-dioxaneand other solvent stabilizers. CRC Press. In 1,4-Dioxane White Paper. 2014. Water Research Foundation. (NCDENR) North Carolina Department of Environment & Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources, Environmental Sciences Section, Ecosystems Branch. IO14.Ambient Monitoring System (AMS): Quality Assurance Project Plan, version 1.2. environment: From sewage to drinking water. Water Research 48406-419. Water Research Foundation. 2014. 1,4'DioxaneVVhhe Paper. Available ot N.