WQ0006594_Final Permit_19970422

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources N15VA
Division of Water Quality
.lames B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Ida
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary D C F1
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
April 22, 1997
Mr. Tim Cole,
Environmental Affairs Manager
UNIFI, Inc.
Post Office Box 698
Yadkinville, North Carolina 27055
Subject: Permit No. WQ0006594
Unifi, Inc. Plant #2 Reidsville
Unifi, Inc. Plant #15 Mayodan
Distribution of Class A Wastewater Residuals
Rockingham County
Dear Mr. Cole:
In accordance with your application received on January 30, 1997, we are forwarding herewith
Permit No. WQ0006594 dated April 22, 1997, to Unifi, Incorporated for the operation of a wastewater
residuals facility for the distribution of residuals. Please note, your previous permits were conditioned for
a limited land application of residuals program. Please be advised, this permit contains several different
conditions for your new residuals distribution program. It is understood, the wastewater treatment
facilities, processing the subject residuals, are already permitted under a pre-treatment program permit.
It is noted that all domestic wastewater is kept separated from the subject industrial wastewaters at
both Unifi Plants. Please note, a permit modification is required, if domestic wastewater is ever mixed
with the subject industrial residuals. Additional treatment facilities may be necessary, to meet the
requirements for PFRP with domestic wastewater residuals.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until March 31, 2002, shall void Permit
No. WQ0006594 issued June 28, 1993, and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as specified
therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring and reporting requirements contained in this
permit. Failure to establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational
information will result in future compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable, you have the
right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty (30) days following receipt of
this permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of North
Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Drawer 27447,
Raleigh, NC 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final and binding.
P.Q. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 2762E-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

If you need additional information concerning this matter, please contact,Mr. John Seymour at
[phone] extension 546.
Sincerely,
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E.
cc: Rockingham County Health Department
Environmental waste Recycling Incorporated
Winston-Salem Regional Office, Water Quality Section
Winston-Salem Regional. Office, Groundwater Section
Bob Cheek, Groundwater Section, Central Office
Training and Certification Unit
Facilities Assessment Unit

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
PERMIT FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUALS
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina as
amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Unify, Incorporated
Rockingham County
FOR THE
operation of a facility for the distribution of residuals of exceptional quality consisting of the distribution of
200 dry tons per year of residuals from the sources listed in Condition II 2, with no discharge of wastes to
the surface waters, pursuant to the application received on January 30, 1997, and in conformity with the
project plan, specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and approved by the Department
of Environment, Health and Natural Resources and considered a part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until March 31, 2002, shall void Permit
No. WQ0006594 issued June 28, 1993, and shall be subject to the following specified conditions and
limitations:
I. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
I . The distribution residuals program shall be effectively maintained and operated as a non -
discharge system to prevent the discharge of any wastes resulting from the operation of this
program.
2. This permit shall become voidable in the event of failure of the residuals program to
adequately protect the assigned water quality standards of the surface waters and
groundwaters.
3. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages
to surface or groundwaters resulting from the operation of this program.
4. In the event that the residuals program is not operated satisfactorily, including the creation
of nuisance conditions, the Permittee shall tape any immediate corrective actions as may be
required by the Division.
5. Diversion or bypassing of the untreated residuals or leachate from the residual treatment
facilities is prohibited.
6. All Ieachate must be reused as a wetting agent for the processing of residuals or routed to
the head of the treatment plant.

II. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
The residuals treatment facilities shall be properly maintained and operated at all times.
2. No residuals other than the following are hereby approved for distribution in accordance
with this permit:
Permit Volume
Source County Number (Dry Tons/Year
Unifi, Inc., Plant No. 2 Rockingham City of Reidsville 100
Reidsville WWTP
Unifi, Inc. Plant No. 15 Rockingham Town of Mayodan 100
Mayodan WWTP
Total 200
3. All residuals shall be adequately stored to prevent leachate runoff until treated. The
finished product may be placed on a concrete pad, placed under shelter or covered until
such time as it is distributed to the buyer. If an alternate storage site is to be used, approval
must be obtained from the Division of Water Quality.
4. No other residuals other than those specified under Condition 11 2 above may be
distributed. The Permittee shall request and obtain a permit amendment from the Division
of Water Quality for each additional residual source prior to acceptance of that residual.
5. For a wastewater residual of exceptional quality to be sold or given away in bags or other
container for application to the land, the following must be satisfied:
The Ceiling Concentrations (Dry Weight Basis) and the Pollutant Monthly
Average Concentrations (Dry Weight Basis) must be maintained:
Ceiling Monthly Average
Concentrations Concentrations
Parameters mg/kg mgig
Cadmium 85 39
Copper 4,300 1,500
Lead 840 300
Nickel 420 420
Zinc 7,500 2,800
6. Upon classification of the facility by the Certification Commission, the Permittee shall
employ a certified residuals operator to be in responsible charge (ORC) of the residuals
program. The operator must hold a certificate of the type classification assigned to the
residuals program by the Certification Commission. The Permittee must also employ a
certified back-up operator of the appropriate type to comply with the conditions of Title
15A NCAC SA, .0202.
7. Adequate provisions shall be taken to prevent wind erosion and surface runoff from
conveying pollutants from the residuals treatment area onto the adjacent property or into
any surface waters.
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8, A label shall be affixed to the bag or other container in which residuals that are sold or
given away for application to the land, or an information sheet shall be provided to the
person who receives the residuals sold or given away in an other container for application
to the land. The label or information sheet shall contain the following information:
a. The name and address of the person who prepared the residuals that is sold or given
away in a bag or other container for application to the land.
b . A statement that application of the residuals to the land is prohibited except in
accordance with the instructions on the label or information sheet.
c . Information on all applicable buffers including a 10 foot buffer between application site
and any public or private water supply source (including wells) and any stream, lake,
or river.
d . Residuals shall not be applied to any site that is flooded, frozen or snow-covered.
e Adequate procedures shall be provided to prevent surface runoff from carrying any
disposed or stored residuals into any surface waters.
III. MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
Any monitoring (including groundwater, surface water, residuals, soil, or plant tissue
analyses) deemed necessary by the Division of Water Quality to insure protection of the
environment will be established and an acceptable sampling and reporting schedule shall be
followed.
2. Proper records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking all residual activities. These
records shall include, but are not necessarily limited to the following information:
a. source, volume and analysis of each residuals
b . name of residuals' recipient, volume received, and intended use
3. A residual analysis shall be conducted annually from the date of permit issuance by the
Permittee. The results of all analysis shall be maintained on file by the Permittee for a
minimum of five years. The residuals analysis shall include the following parameters:
Cadmium Nickel
Copper Lead
Zinc
Aluminum
pH
Ammonia -Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Calcium
Plant Available Nitrogen (by calculation)
Magnesium
Potassium
Nitrate -Nitrite Nitrogen
Sodium
% Total Solids
TKN
3

4. A Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analysis shall be conducted by the
Permittee annually. The TCLP analysis shall include the following parameters (please note
the regulatory level in mg/L in parentheses):
Arsenic (5.0)
Benzene (0.5)
Carbon tetrachloride (0.5)
Chlorobenzene (100.0)
Chromium (5.0)
m-Cresol (200.0)
Cresol (200.0)
14-Dichlorobenzene (7.5)
1,1-Dichloroethylene (0.7)
Endrin (0.02)
Hexachlorobenzene (0.13)
Hexachloroethane (3.0)
Lindane (0.4)
Methoxychlor 0 0.0)
Nitrobenzene (2.0)
Pyridine (5.0)
Silver (5.0)
Toxaphene (0.5)
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (400.0)
2,4,5-TP (Silvex) (1.0)
Barium (100.0)
Cadmium (1.0)
Chlordane (0.03)
Chloroform (6.0)
o-Cresol (200.0)
p-Cresol (200.0)
2,4-D (10.0)
1,2-Dichloroethane (0.5)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (0.13)
Heptachlor (and its hydroxide) (0.008)
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (0.5)
Lead (5.0)
Mercury (0.2)
Methyl ethyl ketone (200.0)
Pentachlorophenol (100.0)
Selenium (1.0)
Tetrachloroethylene (0.7)
Trichloroethylene (0.5)
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2.0)
Vinyl chloride (0.2)
5. Three copies of all required monitoring and reporting requirements as specified in
conditions Ill 1, II12, 1113, and II14 shall be submitted annually on or before March 1 of
the following year to the following address:
NC Division of Water Quality
Water Quality Section
Facility Assessment Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
6. Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Winston-Salem Regional Office, telephone
number 910/ 771-4600 as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the
next working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of
the following:
a. Any occurrence with the distribution program which results in the land application of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic.
b _ Any failure of the distribution program resulting in a release of material to receiving
waters.
c. Any time that self -monitoring information indicates that the facility has gone out of
compliance with the conditions and limitations of this permit or the parameters on
which the system was designed.
d. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility
incapable of adequate residual treatment.
e. Any spillage or discharge from a vehicle or piping system during transportation of
residuals.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in Ietter
form within five (5) days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must
outline the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur.
4

I V . GROUNDWATER_ _REQUIREMENTS
1. The COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY for the disposal system is specified by regulations in
15A NCAC 2L, Groundwater Classifications and Standards. The Compliance Boundary is
for the disposal system constructed after December 31, 1983 is established at either (1) 250
feet from the waste disposal area, or (2) 50 feet within the property boundary, whichever is
closest to the waste disposal area. An exceedance of Groundwater Quality Standards at or
beyond the Compliance Boundary is subject to immediate remediation action in addition to
the penalty provisions applicable under General Statute 143-215.6A(a)(1).
In accordance with 15A NCAC 2L, a REVIEW BOUNDARY is established around the
disposal systems midway between the Compliance Boundary and the perimeter of the
waste disposal area. Any exceedance of standards at the Review Boundary shall require
remediation action on the part of the permittee.
2. Any groundwater quality monitoring, as deemed necessary by the Division, shall be
provided.
V . INSPECTIONS
The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the residuals storage, transport, and treatment
facilities to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which
may cause or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a
nuisance. The Permittee shall maintain an inspection log or summary including at least the
date and time of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective
actions taken by the Permittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee
for a period of five years from the date of the inspection and shall be made available to the
Division of Water Quality or other permitting authority, upon request.
2. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division of Water Quality
may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and inspect any property, premises or place on
or related to the treatment site or facility at any reasonable time for the purpose of
determining compliance with this permit; may inspect or copy any records that must be kept
under the terms and conditions of this permit; and may obtain samples of groundwater,
surface water, or leachate.
V I. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. This permit shall become voidable unless the distribution activities are carried out in
accordance with the conditions of this permit, the supporting materials, and in the manner
approved by this Division.
2. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of residuals described in
the application and other supporting data.
3. This permit is not automatically transferable. In the event that there is a desire for the
facilities to change ownership or a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request
must be submitted to the Division of Water Quality accompanied by an application fee,
documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting materials as may be
appropriate. The approval of this request will be considered on its merits and may or may
not be approved.
4. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the
Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Water Quality in accordance with
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6(a) to 143-215.6(c).
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5 . The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within thirty
(30) days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause
the Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified by 15 NCAC 2H .0205
(c)(4).
6. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and
all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government
agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
7. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall request itsm
extension. Upon receipt of the request, the Comission will review the adequacy of the
facilities described therein, and if warranted, will extend the permit for such period of time
and under such conditions and limitations as it may deem appropriate.
8. This permit may be modified, or revoked and reissued to incorporate any conditions,
limitations and monitoring requirements the Division of Water Quality deems necessary in
order to adequately protect the environment and public health.
Permit issued this the 22nd day of April, 1997
NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
A./Preston Howard, Jr_, P.E., Director
vision of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit Number WQ0006594
Ce