WQ0005757_Final Permit_19920410

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
James G. Martin, Governor
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary
April 10, 1992
Mr. George Sudderth, Director of Utilities
Town of Boone
Post Office Box 192
Boone, North Carolina 26607
Dear Mr. Sudderth:
George T. Everett, Ph.D
Director
Subject: Permit No. WQ0005757
Town of Boone
Land Application of Sludge
Watauga County
Ashe County
In accordance with your application received October 29, 1991, we are forwarding herewith Permit
No. WQ0005757, dated April 10, 1992, to the Town of Boone for the operation of a land application of
sludge program. This permit is for the ongoing land application of sludge to the listed farm lands and for a
one time application of sludge at the Ore Knob Mine reclamation site as described in the permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until March 31, 1997, and shall be subject to
the conditions and limitations as specified therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring
requirements in this permit. Failure to establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the
required operational information will result in future compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable to you, you have
the right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within 30 days following receipt of this
permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of North
Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Drawer 27447,
Raleigh, NC 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final and binding.
Regional Offices
Asheville Fayetteville Mooresville Raleigh Washington Wilmington Winston-Salem
704/251-6208 919/486-1541 704/663-1699 919/733-2314 919/946-6481 919/395-3900 919/896-7007
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

Mr: {iPnr�e Sudderth, Director of Utilities
Town of Boone
- April 10, 1992
Page Two
One set of approved site maps is attached. If you need additional information concerning this
inauer, please contact Mr. Dana J. Bolden at 919/ 733-5083.
Watauga County Health Department
Ashe County Health Department "
Beth McGee, Planning Branch
Winston-Salem Regional Office, Water Quality Section
Winston-Salem Regional Office, Groundwater Section
Jack Floyd, Groundwater Section Central Office
Training and Certification
Facilities Assessment Unit
Alton G. Cox, Jr., P.E., Hobbs, Upchurch, & Associates, P.A.

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES
R.ALEIGH
SLUDGE LAND APPLICATION PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina as
amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
Town of Boone
Watauga County
FOR THE
operation of a sludge land application program consisting of the ongoing land application of municipal
wastewater treatment sludge from the Town of Boone Wastewater Treatment Plant to the sites listed in
Condition VI-5 and the one time application of the sludge to the Ore Knob Mine reclamation site with no
discharge of wastes to the surface waters, pursuant to the application received October 29, 1991 and in
conformity with the project plan, specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and approved
by the Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources and considered apart of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until March 31, 1997, and shall be subject to
the following specified conditions and limitations:
1. The Winston-Salem Regional Office, phone no. 919/896-7007, and the appropriate local
governmental official (county manager/city manager) shall be notified at least twenty-four
(24) hours prior to the initial application of the sludge so that an inspection can be made of
the application sites and application method. Such notification to the regional supervisor
shall be made during the normal office hours from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. on Monday
through Friday, excluding State Holidays. Also the Watauga and Ashe County Manager's
office must be notified prior to the initial application so that they will be aware that the
operation has commenced.
2. This permit shall become voidable if the soils fail to adequately absorb the wastes and may
be rescinded unless the sites are maintained and operated in a manner which will protect the
assigned water quality standards of the surface waters and ground waters.
3. The land application program shall be effectively maintained and operated as a non -
discharge system to prevent the discharge of any wastes resulting from the operation of this
program.
4. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages
to surface or groundwaters resulting from the operation of this facility.

5. In the event that the land application program is not operated satisfactorily, including the
creation of nuisance conditions, the Permittee shall cease applying sludge to the sites and
take any immediate corrective actions, including the construction of additional or
replacement wastewater treatment or disposal facilities.
6. No crops for direct human consumption shall be raised on these sites for a period of 18
months following sludge application.
7. Maximum slope for sludge application shall be 10%n for surface application and 18% for
subsurface applications.
8. The following buffers zones shall be maintained:
a) 400 feet from residences or places of public assembly under separate ownership for
surface application method; however, the buffer zone requirement may be reduced to
a minimum of 100 feet upon written consent of the owner and the appropriate DEM
regional office,
b) 200 feet from residences or places of public assembly under separate ownership for
injection method; however, the buffer zone requirement may be reduced to a
minimum of 100 feet upon written consent of the owner and the appropriate DEM
regional office,
c) 100 feet from "SA and SB" classified waters and public surface water supplies for
both methods,
d) 50 feet from "WS" classified waters and other streams, creeks, lakes, rivers, and
surface water drainage ways for injection method,
e) 100 feet from "WS" classified waters and other streams, creeks, lakes, rivers and
surface water drainage ways for surface application method,
f) 100 feet from property lines for both methods; however, this requirement may be
reduced to 50 feet upon written concurrence from the adjoining property owner and
the appropriate DEM regional office,
g) 50 feet from public right of ways for surface application methods,
h) 25 feet from public right of ways for subsurface disposal methods,
i) 10 feet from upslope interceptor drains and surface water diversions for both
methods,
j) 25 feet from downslope interceptor drains, surface water diversions, groundwater
drainage systems and surface drainage ditches for both methods.
9. A copy of this permit shall be kept at the land application site when sludge is being applied
during the life of this permit. A spill prevention and control plan shall be kept in all sludge
transport and application vehicles.
10. All sludges included in this permit must be stabilized by a process to significantly reduce
pathogens (as described in 40 CFR Part 257, Appendix II) prior to application or
incorporation. An evaluation of all sludges as specified in condition H 4 must. be conducted
as to their ability to demonstrate compliance with this requirement. Verification that all land
applied sludges meet this requirement must be included in the monitoring report required by
Condition III -5.
11. Specific sludge application area boundaries shall be clearly marked on each site prior to and
during sludge application.
12. No sludge at any time shall be stored at any application site.
1. The facilities and disposal sites shall be properly maintained and operated at all times.
2

2. A suitable vegetative cover as listed in condition 113, shall be maintained in accordance with
the crop management plan approved by this Division.
3. The application rates shall not exceed the following for the specified crops:
Crops PAN (lbs/acre/year)
Fescue 250
Other Pasture and Hay Grasses 200
4. No sludges other than the following are hereby approved for land application in accordance
with this permit:
Permit Estimated
Source County _Number Volume ( dry tons year)
Town of Boone Wastewater Watauga NCO020621 840
Treatment Plant
5. The lifetime heavy metal loadings shall not exceed the following for the corresponding
Cation Exchange Capacities (CEC):
Lifetime Loilding5 (lbsLcre)
Parameter
S 5 - 15
Lead
1000
Zinc
500
Copper
250
Nickel
250
Cadmium
9
6. Upon classification of the facility by the Certification Commission, the Penmittee shall
employ a certified wastewater treatment plant operator to be in responsible charge (ORC) of
the wastewater treatment facilities. The operator must hold a certificate of the type and grade
at least equivalent to or greater than the classification assigned to the wastewater treatment
facilities by the Certification Commission. The Permittee must also employ a certified
back-up operator of the appropriate type and grade to comply with the conditions of Title
15A, Chapter 8A, .0202. The ORC of the facility must visit each Class I facility at least
weekly and each Class II, III, and IV facility at least daily, excluding weekends and holidays,
and must properly manage and document daily operation and maintenance of the facility
and must comply with all other conditions of Title 15A, Chapter 8A, .0202.
7. Adequate procedures shall be provided to prevent surface runoff from carrying any
disposed or stored sludge material into any surface waters.
8. Animals shall not be grazed on sludge applied land within a 30-day period following the
sludge application. Application sites that are to be used for grazing shall have fencing that
will be used to prevent access after each application.
9. Surface applied sludge will be plowed or disced within twenty-four (24) hours after
application on lands with no cover crop established. -
10. For areas that are prone to flooding or within the 100-year flood elevation, sludge may be
applied only during periods of dry weather. The sludge must be incorporated into the soil
within twenty-four (24) hours of application.
3

11. Appropriate measures must be taken to control public access to the land application sites
during active site use and for the 12-month period following the last sludge application
event. Such controls may include the posting of signs indicating the activities being
conducted at each site.
12. Adequate provisions shall be taken to prevent wind erosion and surface runoff from
conveying pollutants from the sludge application area onto the adjacent property or into the
surface waters.
13. Sludge shall not be applied in inclement weather or until 24 hours following a rainfall event
of 112-inch or greater in 24 hours. Any emergency sludge disposal measures must fast be
approved by the Division of Environmental Management.
14. The site shall be adequately limed to a soil pH of at least 6.5 prior to sludge application.
Sludge may be applied to sites with a pH of less than 6.5 provided a sufficient amount of
lime is also applied to achieve a final pH of the lime, sludge and soil mixture of at least 6.5.
1. Any monitoring (including groundwater, surface water, sludge, soil, or plant tissue analyses)
deemed necessary by the Division of Environmental Management to insure protection of the
environment will be established and an acceptable sampling and reporting schedule shall be
followed. If monitoring data indicates minimal or no concern to the Division, reduction of
monitoring requirements may be pursued after two annual reporting periods_
2. Proper records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking all disposal activities. These
records shall include, but are not necessarily limited to the following information:
a) source of sludge and verification of stabilization
b) date of sludge application
c) location of sludge application (site, field, or zone #)
d) method of application
e) weather conditions
f) soil conditions
g) type of crop or crop to be grown on field
h) volume of sludge applied in gallons/acre and dry tons/acre
i) annual and cumulative totals of dry tons/acre of sludge, annual and cumulative
pounds/acre of each heavy metal (which shall include, but not be limited to
lead,nickel, cadmium, copper and zinc), annual pounds/acre of plant available
nitrogen (PAN), and annual pounds/acre of phosphorus applied to each field.
3. A representative annual soils analysis (Standard Soil Fertility Analysis) shall be conducted
of each site receiving sludge in the respective calendar year and the results maintained on
file by the Permittee for a minimum of five years. The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis shall
include, but is not necessarily limited to, the following parameters:
El

% Base Saturation
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Leadl
Zincl
pH
Manganese
Cation Exchange Capacity
Sodium
Nickell
Cadmiuml
Copperl
Calcium
Soils analysis for these parameters shall be conducted once prior to permit renewal
on each site which has received sludge during the permit cycle.
4. A quarterly sludge analysis and annual Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
(TCLP) analysis shall be conducted by the Permittee and the results maintained on file by
the Permittee for a minimum of five years. If land application occurs at a frequency less
than quarterly, sludge analysis will be required for each instance of land application. The
The sludge analysis shall include but is not necessarily limited to the following parameters:
total solids
Magnesium
Chlorides
Sulfate
Phosphorus
Potassium
Lead
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Sodium
Calcium
Total Nitrogen
Ammonia Nitrogen
Nitrate/Nitrite Nitrogen
pH
Plant Available Nitrogen (by calculation)
The TCLP analysis shall include the following parameters:
Arsenic
Barium
Benzene
Cadmium
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Chromium
o-Cresol
rn-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresol
2,4-D
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Endrin
Heptachlor (and its hydroxide)
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene
Hexachloroethane
Lead
Lindane
Mercury
Methoxychlor
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pyridine
Selenium
Silver
Tetrachloroethylene
Toxaphene
Trichloroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenoi
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
Vinyl chloride
5

5. Three copies of all monitoring and reporting requirements as specified in conditions Ill 1,
M 2, 1113 and III 4 shall be submitted annually on or before March I of the following year
to the following address:
` NC Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
Facility Assessment Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
6. NoncompIiance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Winston-Salem Regional Office, phone no.
919/896-7007, as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next
working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the
following:
a. Any occurrence with the land application program which results in the land
application of significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or
characteristic.
b. Any failure of the land application program resulting in a release of sludge material
to receiving waters.
C. Any time that self monitoring information 'indicates that the facility has gone out of
compliance with the conditions and limitations of this permit or the parameters on
which the system was designed.
d. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility
incapable of adequate sludge treatment.
e. Any spillage or discharge from a vehicle or piping system transporting sludge to the
application site.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter
form within 15 days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must outline
the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur.
1. No land application of waste activities shall be undertaken when the seasonal high water
table is less than three feet below land surface.
2. The Compliance Boundary for the disposal system is specified by regulations in 15 NCAC
2L, Groundwater Classifications and Standards. An exceedance of Groundwater Quality
Standards beyond the Compliance Boundary is subject to penalty provisions applicable
under General Statute 143-215.6(1)a. The sale of property, by the Permittee, which is within
or contiguous to the disposal system site may alter the location of the Compliance
Boundary.
For facilities permitted on or after December 30, 1983, the Compliance Boundary is
established at the lesser of 250 feet from the perimeter of the waste disposal area, or 50 feet
within the property boundary.
:.

If the title to any property which may affect the location of the Compliance Boundary is
changed, the Permittee shall notify the DEM Director within 14 days. The Director shall
then establish a modified Compliance Boundary which will be done as a modification to the
Permit.
The REVIEW BOUNDARY for the disposal system is specified by regulations in 15
NCAC 2L, Groundwater Classifications and Standards. A REVIEW BOUNDARY is
established around disposal systems midway between the Compliance Boundary and the
perimeter of the waste disposal area. When the concentration of any substance equals or
exceeds the maximum allowable concentration of that substance at the REVIEW
BOUNDARY, as determined by monitoring, the permittee shall either (i) demonstrate,
through predictive calculations or modeling, that natural site conditions, facility design and
operational controls will prevent a violation of standards at the Compliance Boundary; or,
(ii) submit a plan for the alteration of existing site conditions, facility design or operational
controls that will prevent a violation of standards at the Compliance Boundary, and
implement that plan upon its approval by the Director.
3. Any groundwater quality monitoring as deemed necessary by the Division of Environmental
Management shall be provided.
V. fNSPECTIONS
The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the sludge storage, transport, and disposal
facilities to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which
may cause or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a
nuisance. The Perrnittee shall keep an inspection log or summary including at least the date
and time of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective
actions taken by the Permittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee
for a period of three years from the date of the inspection and shall be made available upon
request by the Division of Environmental Management or other permitting authority.
2. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division of Environmental
Management may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and inspect any property,
premises or place on or related to the disposal site and facility at any reasonable time for the
purpose of determining compliance with this permit; may inspect or copy any records that
must be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit; or may obtain samples of
groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
1, This permit shall become voidable unless the land application activities are carried out in
accordance with the conditions of this permit and in the manner approved by this Division.
2. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of wastes described in the
application and other supporting data.
3. This permit is not transferable. In the event there is a desire for the facilities to change
ownership or a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request must be submitted to
the Division of Environmental Management accompanied by an application fee,
documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting materials as may be
appropriate. The approval of this request will be considered on its merits and may or may
not be approved.
7

4. This permit shall become voidable unless the agreements between the Permittee and the
landowners/lessees are in full force and effect.
5. The following are approved sites for sludge application (see attached map):
Site No.
Owner/Lessee Application
_ArmaI (a
B-I
Mack Brown
7.0
B-II
Mack Brown
25.5
B-III
Mack Brown
9.5
B-N
Mack Brown
1T5
T-I
Gail Taylor
1.5
T-II
Gail Taylor
1.5
Ore Knob Minet
Marsh Foundation. Inc.
20.0
Total Application Area 82.5
1 - Application Area excludes buffer areas.
t - The Ore Knob Mine site is approved for a one time application of approximately 300
tons of sludge for a reclamation project.
6. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the
Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Environmental Management in
accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6A to 143-215.6C.
7. The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within thirty
(30) days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause
the Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified by 15 NCAC 2H .0205
(c)(4).
8. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and
all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government
agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
9. A set of approved documents for the subject project must be retained by the applicant for
the life of the permit.
10. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall request its
extension. Upon receipt of the request, the Commission will review the adequacy of the
facilities described therein, and if warranted, will extend the permit for such period of time
and under such conditions and limitations as it may deem appropriate.
11. This permit may be modified, or revoked and reissued to incorporate any conditions,
limitations and monitoring requirements the Division of Environmental Management deems
necessary in order to adequately protect the environment and public health.
Permit issued this the 10th day of April, 1992
NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
eorge T. Ev ett, irecto
Division of nvironmental agement
By Authority the Envir ntal Management Commission
Permit No. WQ0005757

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