WQ0002834_Final Permit_20010126

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Michael F. Easley, Governor
Sherri Evans -Stanton, Acting Secretary
Kerr T. Stevens, Director
January 26, 2001
MR. THOMAS W. STORIE, DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS
TOWN OF BURNSVILLE
POST OFFICE BOX 97
BURNSVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA 28714
Dear Mr. Storie:
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NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Subject: Permit No. WQ0002834
Town of Burnsville
Distribution of Class A
Wastewater Residuals
Yancey County
In accordance with your request received on May 10, 2000 as well as the additional information received
on May 25, 2000 and January 9, 2001, we are forwarding herewith Permit No. WQ0002834, dated January 26,
2001, to the Town of Burnsville for the continued operation of a facility and program for the distribution of
wastewater residuals. The product is a CIass A wastewater residual that is generated by an aerated static
composting facility at the Town of Burnsville's Wastewater Treatment Plant site.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until December 31, 2005; shall void Permit No.
WQ0002834 issued June 21, 1995; and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as specified therein.
Please take note of the following modifications that have been made to this permit:
♦ General: The system description of the permit has been amended to reflect the fact that up to 125 dry
tons per year of residuals may now be treated, marketed, and distributed in accordance with the
conditions of this permit.
♦ Condition II. 2.: The volume of residuals generated by the Town of Burnsville Wastewater Treatment
Plant permitted for treatment, marketing, and distribution is now 125 dry tons per year.
♦ Condition H. 4.: Because of changes to the federal requirements, chromium has been eliminated from
the list of metals whose concentrations (i.e., both ceiling and monthly average) must be monitored.
♦ Condition H. 7.: This condition has been amended to reflect the adoption of new rules by the Water
Pollution Control System Operators Certification Commission (WPCSOCC). The referenced
regulation is now 15A NCAC 8G .0202.
♦ Condition III. 3.: Because of changes to the federal requirements, chromium has been eliminated from
the list of residual parameters that must be monitored.
♦ Condition III. 5.: This condition has been amended to reflect the fact that the Division of Water
Quality (Division) will not entertain requests to reduce the monitoring frequency required to
demonstrate compliance with the required pathogen reduction and vector attraction requirements.
♦ Condition III. 6.: This is a new condition, which reminds the Permittee that all laboratory analyses are
to be performed on the residuals as they are to be marketed and distributed. Specifically, the residuals
are to be analyzed following composting.
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617 Telephone [phone] Fax[phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/10% post -consumer paper

♦ Condition III. 7.: This condition has been amended to reflect the new mailing address to be used when
submitting all monitoring and reporting information.
♦ Condition III. 8.: The telephone number for the Asheville Regional Office has been amended with the
correct area code in this condition. In addition, written reports for events of non-compliance must now
be filed within five days (i.e., reduced from 15 days) following first knowledge of the event's
occurrence.
As always, pay particular attention to the monitoring and reporting requirements contained in this permit.
Failure to establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational information will
result in future compliance problems. Be aware that, according to 40 CFR §503.32(3), the density of fecal coliform
present in the residuals must be less than 1,000 most probable number per gram of total solids (i.e., dry weight
basis) in order to adhere to Class A standards, This means that each of the seven samples withdrawn from a
particular compost pile must meet this criterion. Specifically, a geometric mean of the results from the seven
samples may not be used in proving compliance with Class A pathogen reduction requirements as is the case with
Class B residuals. Furthermore, guidance issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that
sufficient data be collected and recorded to prove that every particle of the residuals is subjected to a "Process to
Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP)." Previously, the Town of Burnsville has only reported one temperature reading
per day per compost pile to the Division. It is our understanding that the Town of Burnsville is now developing a
new Iog sheet intended to allow operators to record multiple temperature readings taken at multiple locations and
multiple depths throughout the compost piles in order to conform more closely with the EPA guidance. PIease do
not hesitate to consult with Mr. Brian L. Wrenn of the Division's Non -Discharge Compliance/Enforcement Unit at
[phone] extension 529 for assistance in this matter.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable, you have the right to
request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within 30 days following receipt of this permit. This request
must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of North Carolina General Statutes, and filed
with the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-6714.
Unless such demands are made, this permit shall be final and binding.
If you need additional information concerning this matter,
[phone], extension 353. /
contact Ms. Shannon Mohr Thornburg at
,�_ Kerr T. Stevens
cc: Yancey County Health Department
Asheville Regional Office, Water Quality Section
Asheville Regional Office, Groundwater Section
Central Office, Groundwater Section
Technical Assistance and Certification Unit
Non -Discharge Compliance/Enforcement Unit

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
PERMIT FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF CLASS A RESIDUALS
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina as amended, and
other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Town of Burnsville
Yancey County
FOR THE
continued operation of treatment/storage facilities and program for the distribution of Class A wastewater
residuals. The program shall result in the distribution of up to 125 dry tons per year of a Class A composted
product generated from the treatment of municipal wastewater residuals at the Town of Burnsville's Wastewater
Treatment Plant in Yancey County. The program shall be operated such that no discharge of waste to surface
waters occurs, pursuant to the application received on May 10, 2000 as well as the additional information received
on May 25, 2000 and January 9, 2001 and in conformity with the project plan, specifications, and other supporting
data subsequently filed and approved by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and considered a
part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until December 31, 2005; shall void Permit No.
WQ0002834, issued June 21, 1995; and shall be subject to the following specified conditions and limitations:
I. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
1. The program for the distribution of Class A residual product shall be effectively maintained and
operated as a non -discharge system to prevent the discharge of any wastes to waters of the state
resulting from the operation of this program.
2. This permit shall become voidable in the event of failure of the residuals program to protect the
assigned water quality standards of the surface waters and groundwater adequately.
3. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages to surface
or groundwater resulting from the operation of this program.
4. In the event that the residuals program is not operated satisfactorily, including the creation of nuisance
conditions, the Permittee shall take any immediate corrective actions as may be required by the
Division of Water Quality (Division).

II.
5. Diversion or bypassing of untreated residuals or leachate from the wastewater treatment facility and/or
residuals treatment facility shall be prohibited. All leachate shall be reused as a wetting agent for the
processing of residuals or routed to the headworks of the wastewater treatment facility.
6. When wastewater residuals are sold or given away, one of the Class A pathogen requirements in 40
CFR Part 503.32(a) and one of vector attraction reduction requirements in 40 CFR Part 503.33 shall be
met. Additionally, an evaluation shall be performed which demonstrates the residuals' ability to
comply with this requirement. Upon request, a copy of this evaluation shall be submitted including all
test results and calculations.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
1. The facilities and program shall be properly maintained and operated at all times.
2. No residuals other than the following shall be approved for distribution in accordance with this permit:
Permit
Volume
Source County Number (dry tons/ ear
Town of Burnsville WWTP Yancey NPDES Permit No. NCO020290 125
3. No other residual product other than that from the source specified in Condition II. 2. above shall be
distributed under the conditions of this permit. The Permittee shall request and obtain a permit
amendment from the Division for each additional source prior to acceptance into the distribution
program.
4. For Class A residuals to be sold or given away in bags or other container for application to the land, the
following shall be satisfied:
The Ceiling Concentrations (i.e., on a dry weight basis) and the Pollutant Monthly Average
Concentrations (i.e., on a dry weight basis) shall be maintained:
Ceiling Monthly Average
Concentrations Concentrations
Parameters (m&ku) (mgtkg)
Arsenic
75
41
Cadmium
85
39
Copper
4,300
1,500
Lead
840
300
Mercury
57
17
Molybdenum
75
----
Nickel
420
420
Selenium
100
100
Zinc
7,500
2,800
5. All residuals shall be adequately stored to prevent leachate runoff prior to and following treatment.
The Class A residuals may be stored in an elevated silo, placed on a concrete pad, kept under shelter, or
covered until such time as it is distributed to the user. If an alternative storage site is to be used,
approval shall first be obtained from the Division.
6. Adequate provisions shall be taken to prevent wind erosion and surface runoff from conveying
pollutants from the residuals treatment and/or storage areas onto adjacent property or into any surface
waters.

7. Upon classification of the facility by the Water Pollution Control System Operators Certification
Commission (WPCSOCC), the Permittee shall employ a certified operator to be in responsible charge
(ORC) of the residuals distribution program. The operator shall hold a certificate of the type
classification assigned to the residuals distribution program by the WPCSOCC. The Permittee shall
also employ a certified back-up operator of the appropriate type to comply with the conditions of 15A
NCAC 8G.0202.
8. A label shall be affixed to the bag or other container in which residuals are sold or given away for
application to the land or an information sheet shall be provided to the person who receives the
residuals sold or given away in another container for application to the land. The label or information
sheet shall contain the following information:
a. The name and address of the person who prepared the residuals that is sold or given away in a bag
or other container for application to the land.
b. A statement that application of the residuals to the land shall be prohibited except in accordance
with the instructions on the label or information sheet.
c. The following statement shall be included to help prevent direct application of the product to water
supply sources and all other waters of the state. "As with any fertilizer product, do not apply in or
near any water supply source or any body of water, including wells, streams, rivers, and lakes."
d. Residuals shall not be applied to any site that is flooded, frozen, or snow-covered.
e. Adequate procedures shall be provided to prevent surface runoff from carrying any disposed or
stored residuals into any surface waters.
III. MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
1. Any monitoring (including groundwater, surface water, residuals, soil, or plant tissue analyses) deemed
necessary by the Division to ensure protection of the environment shall be established and an
acceptable sampling and reporting schedule shall be followed.
2. Proper records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking all residual activities. These records shall
include, but shall not necessarily be limited to the following information:
a. Source, amount, and analysis of each residual.
b. Name of the initial recipient of the residuals, the amount distributed, and the intended use.
A residual analysis shall be conducted by the Permittee annually from the date of permit issuance. The
results of all analyses shall be maintained on file by the Permittee for a minimum of five years. The
residuals analysis shall include the following parameters:
Arsenic
Cadmium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
Aluminum
Ammonia -Nitrogen
Calcium
Magnesium
Nitrate -Nitrite Nitrogen
pH
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Total Solids (percent)

4. A Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analysis shall be conducted by the Permittee
once per permit cycle. The TCLP analysis shall include the following parameters (i.e., note the
regulatory level in milligrams per liter in parentheses):
Arsenic (5.0)
Barium (100.0)
Benzene (0.5)
Cadmium (1.0)
Carbon tetrachloride (0.5)
Chlordane (0.03)
Chlorobenzene (100.0)
Chloroform (6.0)
Chromium (5.0)
o -Cresol (200.0)
m -Cresol (200.0)
p -Cresol (200.0)
Cresol (200.0)
2,4-D (10.0)
1,4 -Dichlorobenzene (7.5)
1,2-Dichloroethane (0.5)
I,I-Dichloroethylene (0.7)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (0.13)
Endrin (0.02)
Heptachlor (and its hydroxide) (0.008)
HexachIorobenzene (0.13)
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (0.5)
Hexachloroethane (3.0)
Lead (5.0)
Lindane (0.4)
Mercury (0.2)
Metboxychlor (10.0)
Methyl ethyl ketone (200.0)
Nitrobenzene (2.0)
Pentachlorophenol (100.0)
Pyridine (5.0)
Selenium (1.0)
Silver (5.0)
Tetrachloroethylene (0.7)
Toxaphene (0.5)
Trichloroethylene (0.5)
2,4,5 -Trichlorophenol (400.0)
2,4,6 -Trichlorophenol (2.0)
2,4,5 -TP (Silvex) (1.0)
Vinyl chloride (0.2)
S. All residuals included in this permit shall be monitored by the Permittee for compliance with Condition
I. 6. of this permit annually from the date of permit issuance. The results of all analyses shall be
maintained on file by the Permittee for a minimum of five years. Data to verify stabilization of the
residuals shall be maintained by the Permittee. The required data shall be specific to the stabilization
process utilized, but shall be sufficient to clearly demonstrate compliance with the Class A pathogen
requirements in 40 CFR Part 503.32(a) and the vector attraction reduction requirements in 40 CFR Part
503.33. In addition, the EPA certification statements concerning compliance with pathogen
requirements, vector attraction reduction requirements, and management practices shall be completed
quarterly by the proper authority or authorities if more than one is involved, either the person who
generates the residuals or the person who prepares the residuals to be sold or given away.
Laboratory analyses and/or operational data, as required by Condition III. 3., Condition III. 4., and
Condition III. 5., shall be performed/gathered on the residuals as they are to be marketed and
distributed (i.e., following composting).
7. Three copies of all required monitoring and reporting requirements as specified in Condition 1Il. 1.,
Condition III. 2., Condition III. 3., Condition III. 4., Condition 111. 5., and Condition III. 6. shall be
submitted annually on or before March I" of the year following the distribution event to the following
address:
NC Division of Water Quality
Water Quality Section
Non -Discharge Compliance/Enforcement Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
8. Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Asheville Regional Office, telephone number (828) 251-
6208, as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next working day following the
occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the following:
a. Any occurrence with the residuals distribution program that results in the distribution of significant
amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic.
b. Any failure of the residuals distribution program resulting in a release of material to surface waters.

c. Any time that self-monitoring information indicates that the residuals distribution program has
gone out of compliance with the conditions and limitations of this permit or the parameters on
which the program was designed.
d. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that renders the residuals distribution
program incapable of adequate residual treatment.
e. Any spillage or discharge from a vehicle or piping system during transportation of residuals.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letterform within five
days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must outline the actions taken or
proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur.
IV. GROUNDWATER REQUIREMENTS
The COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY for the disposal system is specified by regulations in 15A NCAC
2L (i.e., Groundwater Classifications and Standards). The Compliance Boundary for the disposal
systems individually permitted after December 31, 1983 is established at either (1) 250 feet from the
waste disposal area, or (2) 50 feet within the property boundary, whichever is closest to the waste
disposal area. An exceedance of Groundwater Quality Standards at or beyond the Compliance
Boundary is subject to immediate remediation action in addition to the penalty provisions applicable
under North Carolina General Statute §143-215.6A(a)(1).
In accordance with 15A NCAC 2L, a REVIEW BOUNDARY is established around disposal systems
midway between the Compliance Boundary and the perimeter of the waste disposal area. Any
exceedance of standards at the Review Boundary shall require remediation action on the part of the
Permittee.
2. Any groundwater quality monitoring, as deemed necessary by the Division, shall be provided.
V. INSPECTIONS
The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the residuals storage, transport, and treatment facilities to
prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause or lead to the
release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance. The Permittee shall
maintain an inspection log or summary including at least the date and time of inspection, observations
made, and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective actions taken by the Permittee. This log of
inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee for a period of five years from the date of the
inspection and shall be made available to the Division or other permitting authority, upon request.
2. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division may, upon presentation of
credentials, enter and inspect any property, premises or place on or related to the treatment site or
facility at any reasonable time for the purpose of determining compliance with this permit; may inspect
or copy any records that must be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit; and may obtain
samples of groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
V. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. This permit shall become voidable unless the distribution activities are carried out in accordance with
the conditions of this permit, the supporting materials, and in the manner approved by this Division.
2. This permit shall be effective only with respect to the nature and volume of residuals described in the
application and other supporting data.

3. This permit shall not be automatically transferable. In the event that there is a desire for the facility
and/or program to change ownership or a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request shall
be submitted to the Division accompanied by documentation from the parties involved and other
supporting materials as may be appropriate. The approval of this request shall be considered on its
merits and may or may not be approved.
4. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the Permittee to
an enforcement action by the Division in accordance with North Carolina General Statute §143-215.6A
through § 143-215.6C.
5. The annual administering and compliance fee shall be paid by the Permittee within 30 days after being
billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause the Division to initiate action to
revoke this permit as specified by 15 NCAC 2H .0205 (c)(4).
6. The issuance of this permit shall not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and all statutes,
rules, regulations, or ordinances that may be imposed by other government agencies (i.e., local, state,
and federal) which have jurisdiction.
7. The Permittee, at least six months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall request its extension.
Upon receipt of the request, the Commission shall review the adequacy of the facilities described
therein, and if warranted, shall extend the permit for such period of time and under such conditions and
limitations as it may deem appropriate.
8. This permit may be modified, or revoked and reissued to incorporate any conditions, limitations, and
monitoring requirements the Division deems necessary in order to adequately protect the environment
and public health.
Permit issued this twenty-sixth day of January, 2001
NORT C ROLINA E �NNTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
�-ierr T. Stevens, Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit Number WQ0002834

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