FB SOF Special Tactics Facility Fort Bragg - PN 76513 SOF Special Tactics Facility Phase 2 - EROSION CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS

*** ***FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May 9, 2016
Wilmington District
prepared for
Contract #: W912HN-14-D-0017-
0001 PN #: 76513
M&H Project #: 0142.01
Fort Bragg, NC
SOF Special Tactics Facility, Phase 2
Specifications
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS
DIVISION 01 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
01 57 20.00 06 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PERMITS
01 57 23 TEMPORARY STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK
31 00 00 EARTHWORK
31 05 22.00 06 GEOTEXTILES USED AS FILTERS
31 11 00 CLEARING AND GRUBBING
31 31 16 SOIL TREATMENT FOR SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE CONTROL
DIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS
32 05 33 LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT
32 92 19 SEEDING
32 92 23 SODDING
32 93 00 EXTERIOR PLANTS
DIVISION 33 - UTILITIES
33 40 00 STORM DRAINAGE UTILITIES
33 46 13 FOUNDATION DRAINAGE SYSTEM
33 46 16 SUBDRAINAGE SYSTEM
PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1
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SECTION 01 57 20.00 06
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PERMITS
09/12
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
U.S. ARMY (DA)
DA AR 200-1 (2007) Environmental Protection and
Enhancement
DA AR 200-2 (2006) Environmental Effects of Army
Actions
DA AR 200-3 (1995) Environmental Quality, Natural
Resources - Land, Forest, and Wildlife
Management
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)
EM 385-1-1 (2014) Safety and Health Requirements
Manual
WETLANDS DELINEATION MANUAL (1987) Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual
U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)
33 CFR 328 Definitions of Waters of the United States
40 CFR 150 - 189 Pesticide Programs
40 CFR 260 Hazardous Waste Management System: General
40 CFR 261 Identification and Listing of Hazardous
Waste
40 CFR 262 Standards Applicable to Generators of
Hazardous Waste
40 CFR 279 Standards for the Management of Used Oil
40 CFR 302 Designation, Reportable Quantities, and
Notification
40 CFR 355 Emergency Planning and Notification
40 CFR 68 Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions
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49 CFR 171 - 178 Hazardous Materials Regulations
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 Environmental Pollution and Damage
Environmental pollution and damage is the presence of chemical, physical,
or biological elements or agents which adversely affect human health or
welfare; unfavorably alter ecological balances of importance to human
life; affect other species of importance to humankind; or degrade the
environment aesthetically, culturally and/or historically.
1.2.2 Environmental Protection
Environmental protection is the prevention/control of pollution and
habitat disruption that may occur to the environment during construction.
The control of environmental pollution and damage requires consideration
of land, water, and air; biological and cultural resources; and includes
management of visual aesthetics; noise; solid, chemical, gaseous, and
liquid waste; radiant energy and radioactive material as well as other
pollutants.
1.2.3 Contractor Generated Hazardous Waste
Contractor generated hazardous waste means materials that, if abandoned or
disposed of, may meet the definition of a hazardous waste. These waste
streams would typically consist of material brought on site by the
Contractor to execute work, but are not fully consumed during the course
of construction. Examples include, but are not limited to, excess paint
thinners (i.e. methyl ethyl ketone, toluene etc.), waste thinners,excess
paints, excess solvents, waste solvents, and excess pesticides, and
contaminated pesticide equipment rinse water.
1.2.4 Installation Pest Management Coordinator
Installation Pest Management Coordinator (IPMC) is the individual
officially designated by the Installation Commander to oversee the
Installation Pest Management Program and the Installation Pest Management
Plan.
1.2.5 Project Pesticide Coordinator
The Project Pesticide Coordinator (PPC) is an individual that resides at a
Civil Works Project office and that is responsible for oversight of
pesticide application on Project grounds.
1.2.6 Land Application for Discharge Water
The term "Land Application" for discharge water implies that the
Contractor must discharge water at a rate which allows the water to
percolate into the soil. No sheeting action, soil erosion, discharge into
storm sewers, discharge into defined drainage areas, or discharge into the
"waters of the United States" must occur. Land Application must be in
compliance with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws and
regulations.
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1.2.7 Pesticide
Pesticide is defined as any substance or mixture of substances intended
for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, or intended
for use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant.
1.2.8 Pests
The term "pests" means arthropods, birds, rodents, nematodes, fungi,
bacteria, viruses, algae, snails, marine borers, snakes, weeds and other
organisms (except for human or animal disease-causing organisms) that
adversely affect readiness, military operations, or the well-being of
personnel and animals; attack or damage real property, supplies,
equipment, or vegetation; or are otherwise undesirable.
1.2.9 Surface Discharge
The term "Surface Discharge" implies that the water is discharged with
possible sheeting action and subsequent soil erosion may occur. Waters
that are surface discharged may terminate in drainage ditches, storm
sewers,creeks, and/or "waters of the United States" and would require a
permit to discharge water from the governing agency.
1.2.10 Waters of the United States
All waters which are under the jurisdiction of the Clean Water Act, as
defined in 33 CFR 328.
1.2.11 Wetlands
Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at
a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal
circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for
life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps,
marshes, and bogs. Official determination of whether or not an area is
classified as a wetland must be done in accordance with
WETLANDS DELINEATION MANUAL.
1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Minimize environmental pollution and damage that may occur as the result
of construction operations. The environmental resources within the
project boundaries and those affected outside the limits of permanent work
must be protected during the entire duration of this contract. Comply
with all applicable environmental Federal, State, and local laws and
regulations. Any delays resulting from failure to comply with
environmental laws and regulations will be the Contractor's responsibility.
1.4 SUBCONTRACTORS
Ensure compliance with this section by subcontractors.
1.5 PAYMENT
No separate payment will be made for work covered under this section.
Payment of fees associated with environmental permits, application, and/or
notices obtained by the Contractor, and payment of all fines/fees for
violation or non-compliance with Federal, State, Regional and local laws
and regulations are the Contractor's responsibility. All costs associated
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with this section must be included in the contract price.
1.6 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. Submit the following in accordance
with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals
Environmental Protection Plan; G
1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN
Prior to commencing construction activities or delivery of materials to
the site, submit an Environmental Protection Plan for review and approval
by the Contracting Officer. The purpose of the Environmental Protection
Plan is to present a comprehensive overview of known or potential
environmental issues which the Contractor must address during
construction. Issues of concern must be defined within the Environmental
Protection Plan as outlined in this section. Address each topic at a
level of detail commensurate with the environmental issue and required
construction task(s). Topics or issues which are not identified in this
section, but are considered necessary, must be identified and discussed
after those items formally identified in this section. Prior to submittal
of the Environmental Protection Plan, meet with the Contracting Officer
for the purpose of discussing the implementation of the initial
Environmental Protection Plan; possible subsequent additions and revisions
to the plan including any reporting requirements; and methods for
administration of the Contractor's Environmental Plans. The Environmental
Protection Plan must be current and maintained onsite by the Contractor.
Refer to the Erosion, Sedimentation and Pollution Control (ESPC) Plans for
additional information and Contractor requirements.
An Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan (ESCP) and a Post Construction
Stormwater Management Plan has been submitted and approved by the state.
The Contractor is resposible to follow these plans. Any modification to
these plans may require re-submission to and approval by the North
Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources.
1.7.1 Compliance
No requirement in this Section will relieve the Contractor of any
applicable Federal, State, and local environmental protection laws and
regulations. During Construction, the Contractor will be responsible for
identifying, implementing, and submitting for approval any additional
requirements to be included in the Environmental Protection Plan.
1.7.2 Contents
Include in the environmental protection plan, but not limit it to, the
following:
a. Name(s) of person(s) within the Contractor's organization who is(are)
responsible for ensuring adherence to the Environmental Protection
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Plan.
b. Name(s) and qualifications of person(s) responsible for manifesting
hazardous waste to be removed from the site, if applicable.
c. Name(s) and qualifications of person(s) responsible for training the
Contractor's environmental protection personnel.
d. Description of the Contractor's environmental protection personnel
training program.
e. An erosion and sediment control plan which identifies the type and
location of the erosion and sediment controls to be provided. The
plan must include monitoring and reporting requirements to assure that
the control measures are in compliance with the erosion and sediment
control plan, Federal, State, and local laws and regulations. A Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) may be substituted for this
plan.
f. Drawings showing locations of proposed temporary excavations or
embankments for haul roads, stream crossings, material storage areas,
structures, sanitary facilities, and stockpiles of excess or spoil
materials including methods to control runoff and to contain materials
on the site.
g. Traffic control plans including measures to reduce erosion of
temporary roadbeds by construction traffic, especially during wet
weather. Plan shall include measures to minimize the amount of mud
transported onto paved public roads by vehicles or runoff.
h. Work area plan showing the proposed activity in each portion of the
area and identifying the areas of limited use or nonuse. Plan should
include measures for marking the limits of use areas including methods
for protection of features to be preserved within authorized work
areas.
i. Drawing showing the location of borrow areas.
j. Include in the Spill Control plan the procedures, instructions, and
reports to be used in the event of an unforeseen spill of a substance
regulated by 40 CFR 68, 40 CFR 302, 40 CFR 355, and/or regulated under
State or Local laws and regulations. The Spill Control Plan
supplements the requirements of EM 385-1-1 and requirements of Fort
Bragg.. Include in this plan, as a minimum:
(1) The name of the individual who will report any spills or
hazardous substance releases and who will follow up with complete
documentation. This individual will immediately notify the
Contracting Officer and Facility Response Personnel in addition to
the legally required Federal, State, and local reporting channels
(including the National Response Center 1-800-424-8802) if a
reportable quantity is released to the environment. Include in
the plan a list of the required reporting channels and telephone
numbers.
(2) The name and qualifications of the individual who will be
responsible for implementing and supervising the containment and
cleanup.
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(3) Training requirements for Contractor's personnel and methods of
accomplishing the training.
(4) A list of materials and equipment to be immediately available at
the job site, tailored to cleanup work of the potential hazard(s)
identified.
(5) The names and locations of suppliers of containment materials and
locations of additional fuel oil recovery, cleanup, restoration,
and material-placement equipment available in case of an
unforeseen spill emergency.
(6) The methods and procedures to be used for expeditious contaminant
cleanup.
k. A non-hazardous solid waste disposal plan identifying methods and
locations for solid waste disposal including clearing debris and
schedules for disposal.
(1) Identify any subcontractors responsible for the transportation
and disposal of solid waste. Submit licenses or permits for solid
waste disposal sites that are not a commercial operating facility.
(2) Evidence of the disposal facility's acceptance of the solid waste
must be attached to this plan during the construction. Attach a
copy of each of the Non-hazardous Solid Waste Diversion Reports to
the disposal plan. Submit the report for the previous quarter on
the first working day after the first quarter that non-hazardous
solid waste has been disposed and/or diverted (e.g. the first
working day of January, April, July, and October).
(3) Indicate in the report the total amount of waste generated and
total amount of waste diverted in cubic yards or tons along with
the percent that was diverted.
(4) A recycling and solid waste minimization plan with a list of
measures to reduce consumption of energy and natural resources.
Detail in the plan the Contractor's actions to comply with and to
participate in Federal, State, Regional, and local government
sponsored recycling programs to reduce the volume of solid waste
at the source.
l. An air pollution control plan detailing provisions to assure that
dust, debris, materials, trash, etc., do not become air borne and
travel off the project site.
m. A contaminant prevention plan that: identifies potentially hazardous
substances to be used on the job site; identifies the intended actions
to prevent introduction of such materials into the air, water, or
ground; and details provisions for compliance with Federal, State, and
local laws and regulations for storage and handling of these
materials. In accordance with EM 385-1-1, a copy of the Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and the maximum quantity of each hazardous
material to be onsite at any given time must be included in the
contaminant prevention plan. Update the plan as new hazardous
materials are brought onsite or removed from the site.
n. A waste water management plan that identifies the methods and
procedures for management and/or discharge of waste waters which are
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directly derived from construction activities, such as concrete curing
water, clean-up water, dewatering of ground water, disinfection water,
hydrostatic test water, and water used in flushing of lines. If a
settling/retention pond is required, the plan must include the design
of the pond including drawings, removal plan, and testing requirements
for possible pollutants. If land application will be the method of
disposal for the waste water, the plan must include a sketch showing
the location for land application along with a description of the
pretreatment methods to be implemented. If surface discharge will be
the method of disposal, include a copy of the permit and associated
documents as an attachment prior to discharging the waste water. If
disposal is to a sanitary sewer, the plan must include documentation
that the Waste Water Treatment Plant Operator has approved the flow
rate, volume, and type of discharge. All methods of discharge must be
disclosed with and approved by the Contracting Officer.
o. A historical, archaeological, cultural resources biological resources
and wetlands plan that defines procedures for identifying and
protecting historical, archaeological, cultural resources, biological
resources and wetlands known to be on the project site: and/or
identifies procedures to be followed if historical archaeological,
cultural resources, biological resources and wetlands not previously
known to be onsite or in the area are discovered during construction.
Include in the plan methods to assure the protection of known or
discovered resources, identifying lines of communication between
Contractor personnel and the Contracting Officer.
p. Include and update a pesticide treatment plan, as information becomes
available. Include in the plan: sequence of treatment, dates, times,
locations, pesticide trade name, EPA registration numbers, authorized
uses, chemical composition, formulation, original and applied
concentration, application rates of active ingredient (i.e. pounds of
active ingredient applied), equipment used for application and
calibration of equipment. Federal, State, Regional and Local pest
management record keeping and reporting requirements as well as any
additional Installation Project Office specific requirements are the
Contractor's responsibility in conformance with DA AR 200-1 Chapter
5--Pest Management, Section 5-4 "Program requirements" for data
required to be reported to the Installation. No pesticides can be
applied or used without prior approval of the Contracting Officer and
Fort Bragg DPW.

q. Include a list of Pre-construction Permits (LOPP) and construction/
project related committments (such as Best Management Practices or
a pre-construction breeding bird survey identified in NEPA documents
as part of the Environmental Protection Plan or as an attachment to
other similar documents if the Environmental Protection Plan is not
required). To the maximum extent possible, the LOPP should list
any/all potential Construction Permits that may be required regardless
of when Permit is needed or who is required to obtain the Permit. The
LOPP should include, but not be limited to the following:
permit name, the address of the permitting agency, cost of submittal/
Permit fee, and the name of the permitee. The LOPP should include
specifics of each permit such as the purpose, applicability to the
project, schedule for obtaining permit, and other information such
as authorized or permit restrictions.
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1.7.3 Appendix
Attach to the Environmental Protection Plan, as an appendix, copies of all
environmental permits, permit application packages, approvals to
construct, notifications, certifications, reports, and termination
documents. Permits and permit applications should be identified on the
LOPP as well.
1.8 PROTECTION FEATURES
This paragraph supplements the Contract Clause PROTECTION OF EXISTING
VEGETATION, STRUCTURES, EQUIPMENT, UTILITIES, AND IMPROVEMENTS. Prior to
start of any onsite construction activities, the Contractor and the
Contracting Officer will make a joint condition survey. Immediately
following the survey, the Contractor will prepare a brief report including
a plan describing the features requiring protection under the provisions
of the Contract Clauses, which are not specifically identified on the
drawings as environmental features requiring protection along with the
condition of trees, shrubs and grassed areas immediately adjacent to the
site of work and adjacent to the Contractor's assigned storage area and
access route(s), as applicable. This survey report will be signed by both
the the Contractor and the Contracting Officer upon mutual agreement as to
its accuracy and completeness. The Contractor must protect those
environmental features included in the survey report and any indicated on
the drawings, regardless of interference which their preservation may
cause to the work under the contract.
1.9 SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Comply with any special environmental requirements listed in the design
plans.
1.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONTRACT DEVIATIONS
Any deviations from the drawings,plans and specifications, requested by
the Contractor and which may have an environmental impact, will be subject
to approval by the Contracting Officer and may require an extended review,
processing, and approval time. The Contracting Officer reserves the right
to disapprove alternate methods, even if they are more cost effective, if
the Contracting Officer determines that the proposed alternate method will
have an adverse environmental impact.
1.11 NOTIFICATION
The Contracting Officer will notify the Contractor in writing of any
observed noncompliance with Federal, State or local environmental laws or
regulations, permits, and other elements of the Contractor's Environmental
Protection plan. After receipt of such notice, the Contractor will inform
the Contracting Officer of the proposed corrective action and take such
action when approved by the Contracting Officer. The Contracting Officer
may issue an order stopping all or part of the work until satisfactory
corrective action has been taken. No time extensions will be granted or
equitable adjustments allowed for any such suspensions. This is in
addition to any other actions the Contracting Officer may take under the
contract, or in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation or
Federal Law.
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PART 2 PRODUCTS
NOT USED
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS AND COMMITMENTS
This paragraph supplements the Contractor's responsibility under the
contract clause "PERMITS AND RESPONSIBILITIES" to the extent that the
Government has obtained any environmental permits. Comply with the terms
and conditions of any attached permits at the end of this section.
Obtaining and complying with all environmental permits and commitments
required by Federal, State, Regional, and local environmental laws and
regulations is the Contractor's responsibility, including but not limited
to any storm water pollution prevention permits and post-construction
storm water management plan. The NPDES Construction Stormwater General
Permit and the NCDENR Stormwater management Permit will be obtained by the
government and provided to the Contractor prior to construction.
3.2 LAND RESOURCES
Confine all activities to areas defined by the drawings and
specifications. Identify any land resources to be preserved within the
work area prior to the beginning of any construction. Do not remove, cut,
deface, injure, or destroy land resources including trees, shrubs, vines,
grasses, topsoil, and land forms without approval, except in areas
indicated on the drawings or specified to be cleared. Ropes, cables, or
guys will not be fastened to or attached to any trees for anchorage unless
specifically authorized. Provide effective protection for land and
vegetation resources at all times, as defined in the following
subparagraphs. Remove stone, soil, or other materials displaced into
uncleared areas.
3.2.1 Work Area Limits
Mark the areas that need not be disturbed under this contract prior to
commencing construction activities. Mark or fence isolated areas within
the general work area which are not to be disturbed. Protect monuments
and markers before construction operations commence. Where construction
operations are to be conducted during darkness, any markers must be
visible in the dark. The Contractor's personnel must be knowledgeable of
the purpose for marking and/or protecting particular objects.
3.2.2 Landscape
Trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, land forms and other landscape features
indicated and defined on the drawings to be preserved must be clearly
identified by marking, fencing, or wrapping with boards, or any other
approved techniques. Restore landscape features damaged or destroyed
during construction operations outside the limits of the approved work
area.
3.2.3 Erosion and Sediment Controls
Providing erosion and sediment control measures in accordance with
Federal, State, and local laws and regulations is the Contractor's
responsibility. Select and maintain the erosion and sediment controls
such that water quality standards are not violated as a result of
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construction activities. The area of bare soil exposed at any one time by
construction operations should be kept to a minimum. Construct or install
temporary and permanent erosion and sediment control best management
practices (BMPs) as indicated on the drawings or otherwise required by the
Contractor's approved SWPPP. BMPs may include, but not be limited to,
vegetation cover, stream bank stabilization, slope stabilization, silt
fences, construction of terraces, interceptor channels, sediment traps,
inlet and outfall protection, diversion channels, and sedimentation
basins. The Contractor's best management practices must also be in
accordance with Fort Bragg's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) which may be
reviewed at the installation's Environmental Office. Remove any temporary
measures after the area has been stabilized.
3.2.4 Contractor Facilities and Work Areas
Place field offices, staging areas, stockpile storage, and temporary
buildings in areas designated on the drawings or as directed by the
Contracting Officer. Temporary movement or relocation of Contractor
facilities will be made only when approved. Erosion and sediment controls
must be provided for onsite borrow and spoil areas to prevent sediment
from entering nearby waters. Temporary excavation and embankments for
plant and/or work areas must be controlled to protect adjacent areas.
3.3 WATER RESOURCES
Monitor all water areas affected by construction activities to prevent
pollution of surface and ground waters. Do not apply toxic or hazardous
chemicals to soil or vegetation unless otherwise indicated. For
construction activities immediately adjacent to impaired surface waters,
the Contractor must be capable of quantifying sediment or pollutant
loading to that surface water when required by State or Federally issued
Clean Water Act permits.
3.3.1 Cofferdams, Diversions, and Dewatering Operations
Construction operations for dewatering, removal of cofferdams, tailrace
excavation, and tunnel closure will be controlled at all times to maintain
compliance with existing State water quality standards and designated uses
of the surface water body. Comply with the State of North Carolina water
quality standards and anti-degradation provisions.
3.3.2 Stream Crossings
Stream crossings must allow movement of materials or equipment without
violating water pollution control standards of the Federal, State, and
local governments.
3.3.3 Wetlands
No wetlands are anticipated to be affected by this project. If wetlands
are subsequently found or identififed, do not enter, disturb, destroy, or
allow discharge of contaminants into any wetlands. The protection of
wetlands is the Contractor's responsibility. Authorization to enter
specific wetlands identified will not relieve the Contractor from any
obligation to protect other wetlands within, adjacent to, or in the
vicinity of the construction site and associated boundaries.
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3.4 AIR RESOURCES
Equipment operation, activities, or processes will be in accordance with
all Federal and State air emission and performance laws and standards.
3.4.1 Particulates
Dust particles; aerosols and gaseous by-products from construction
activities; and processing and preparation of materials, such as from
asphaltic batch plants; must be controlled at all times, including
weekends, holidays and hours when work is not in progress. Maintain
excavations, stockpiles, haul roads, permanent and temporary access roads,
plant sites, spoil areas, borrow areas, and other work areas within or
outside the project boundaries free from particulates which would cause
the Federal, State, and local air pollution standards to be exceeded or
which would cause a hazard or a nuisance. Sprinkling, chemical treatment
of an approved type, baghouse, scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators or
other methods will be permitted to control particulates in the work area.
Sprinkling, to be efficient, must be repeated to keep the disturbed area
damp at all times. Provide sufficient, competent equipment available to
accomplish these tasks. Perform particulate control as the work proceeds
and whenever a particulate nuisance or hazard occurs. Comply with all
State and local visibility regulations.
3.4.2 Odors
Odors from construction activities must be controlled at all times. The
odors must be in compliance with State regulations and/or local ordinances
and may not constitute a health hazard.
3.4.3 Sound Intrusions
Keep construction activities under surveillance and control to minimize
environment damage by noise. Comply with the provisions of the State of
North Carolina rules.
3.4.4 Burning
Burning is prohibited on the Government premises.
3.5 CHEMICAL MATERIALS MANAGEMENT AND WASTE DISPOSAL
Disposal of wastes will be as directed below, unless otherwise specified
in other sections and/or shown on the drawings.
3.5.1 Solid Wastes
Place solid wastes (excluding clearing debris) in containers which are
emptied on a regular schedule. Handling, storage, and disposal must be
conducted to prevent contamination. Employ segregation measures so that
no hazardous or toxic waste will become co-mingled with solid waste.
Transport solid waste off Government property and dispose of it in
compliance with Federal, State, and local requirements for solid waste
disposal. A Subtitle D RCRA permitted landfill will be the minimum
acceptable offsite solid waste disposal option. Verify that the selected
transporters and disposal facilities have the necessary permits and
licenses to operate. Comply with Federal, State, and local laws and
regulations pertaining to the use of landfill areas.
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3.5.2 Chemicals and Chemical Wastes
Dispense chemicals ensuring no spillage to the ground or water. Perform
and document periodic inspections of dispensing areas to identify leakage
and initiate corrective action. This documentation will be periodically
reviewed by the Government. Collect chemical waste in corrosion
resistant, compatible containers. Collection drums must be monitored and
removed to a staging or storage area when contents are within 6 inches of
the top. Wastes will be classified, managed, stored, and disposed of in
accordance with Federal, State, and local laws and regulations.
3.5.3 Contractor Generated Hazardous Wastes/Excess Hazardous Materials
Hazardous wastes are defined in 40 CFR 261, or are as defined by
applicable State and local regulations. Hazardous materials are defined
in 49 CFR 171 - 178. At a minimum, manage and store hazardous waste in
compliance with 40 CFR 262 in accordance with the Installation hazardous
waste management plan. Take sufficient measures to prevent spillage of
hazardous and toxic materials during dispensing. Segregate hazardous
waste from other materials and wastes, protect it from the weather by
placing it in a safe covered location, and take precautionary measures
such as berming or other appropriate measures against accidental
spillage. Storage, describing, packaging, labeling, marking, and
placarding of hazardous waste and hazardous material in accordance with
49 CFR 171 - 178, State, and local laws and regulations is the
Contractor's responsibility. Transport Contractor generated hazardous
waste off Government property within 30 days in accordance with the
Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Transportation laws
and regulations. Dispose of hazardous waste in compliance with Federal,
State and local laws and regulations. Spills of hazardous or toxic
materials must be immediately reported to the Contracting Officer and the
Facility Environmental Office. Cleanup and cleanup costs due to spills
are the Contractor's responsibility. The disposition of Contractor
generated hazardous waste and excess hazardous materials are the
Contractor's responsibility.
3.5.4 Fuel and Lubricants
Storage, fueling and lubrication of equipment and motor vehicles must be
conducted in a manner that affords the maximum protection against spill
and evaporation. Manage and store fuel, lubricants and oil in accordance
with all Federal, State, Regional, and local laws and regulations. Used
lubricants and used oil to be discarded must be stored in marked
corrosion-resistant containers and recycled or disposed in accordance with
40 CFR 279, State, and local laws and regulations. Storage of fuel on the
project site will be in accordance with all Federal, State, and local laws
and regulations and is subject to approval or disapproval by the
Contracting Officer.
3.5.5 Waste Water
Disposal of waste water will be as specified below.
a. Waste water from construction activities, such as onsite material
processing, concrete curing, foundation and concrete clean-up, water used
in concrete trucks, forms, etc. will not be allowed to enter water ways or
to be discharged prior to being treated to remove pollutants. Dispose of
the construction related waste water off-Government property in accordance
with all Federal, State, Regional and Local laws and regulations. If
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allowed by the Contracting Officer, the Contractor may, at their own
expense, dispose of waste water by collecting and placing it in a
retention pond where suspended material can be settled out and/or the
water can evaporate to separate pollutants from the water. The site for
the retention pond must be coordinated and approved with the Contracting
Officer. The residue left in the pond prior to completion of the project
will be removed, tested, and disposed off-Government property in
accordance with Federal, State, and local laws and regulations. The area
must be backfilled to the original grade, top-soiled and seeded/sodded. .
b. For discharge of ground water, the Contractor will obtain a State or
Federal permit specific for pumping and discharging ground water prior to
surface discharging. surface discharge in accordance with all Federal,
State, and local laws and regulations.
c. Water generated from the flushing of lines after disinfection or
disinfection in conjunction with hydrostatic testing will be land applied
in accordance with all Federal, State, and local laws and regulations for
land application or discharged into the sanitary sewer with prior approval
and/or notification to the Waste Water Treatment Plant's Operator.
3.6 RECYCLING AND WASTE MINIMIZATION
Participate in State and local government sponsored recycling programs.
The Contractor is further encouraged to minimize solid waste generation
throughout the duration of the project.
3.7 NON-HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE DIVERSION REPORT
Maintain an inventory of non-hazardous solid waste diversion and disposal
of construction and demolition debris. Submit a report to the Contracting
Officer on the first working day after each fiscal year quarter, starting
the first quarter that non-hazardous solid waste has been generated.
Include the following in the report:
a. Construction and Demolition (C&D) Debris Disposed = in cubic yards or
tons, as appropriate.
b. Construction and Demolition (C&D) Debris Recycled = in cubic yards or
tons, as appropriate.
c. Total C&D Debris Generated = in cubic yards or tons, as appropriate.
d. Waste Sent to Waste-To-Energy Incineration Plant (This amount should
not be included in the recycled amount) = in cubic yards or tons, as
appropriate.
3.8 HISTORICAL, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
Existing historical, archaeological, and cultural resources within the
Contractor's work area, if any have been identified, are shown on the
drawings. Protect these resources and be responsible for their
preservation during the life of the Contract. If during excavation or
other construction activities any previously unidentified or unanticipated
historical, archaeological, and cultural resources are discovered or
found, all activities that may damage or alter such resources will be
temporarily suspended. Resources covered by this paragraph include but
are not limited to: any human skeletal remains or burials; artifacts;
shell, midden, bone, charcoal, or other deposits; rock or coral
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alignments, pavings, wall, or other constructed features; and any
indication of agricultural or other human activities. Upon such discovery
or find, immediately notify the Contracting Officer so that the
appropriate authorities may be notified and a determination made as to
their significance and what, if any, special disposition of the finds
should be made. Cease all activities that may result in impact to or the
destruction of these resources. Secure the area and prevent employees or
other persons from trespassing on, removing, or otherwise disturbing such
resources.
3.9 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Minimize interference with, disturbance to, and damage to fish, wildlife,
and plants including their habitat. The protection of threatened and
endangered animal and plant species, including their habitat, is the
Contractor's responsibility in accordance with Federal, State, Regional,
and local laws and regulations.
3.10 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
In order to minimize impacts to existing fauna and flora, the Contractor
through the Contracting Officer, must coordinate with the Installation
Pest Management Coordinator (IPMC) at the earliest possible time prior to
any pesticide application. Discuss integrated pest management strategies
with the IPMC and receive concurrence from the IPMC through the COR prior
to the application of any pesticide associated with these specifications.
Installation Project Office Pest Management personnel will be given the
opportunity to be present at all meetings concerning treatment measures
for pest or disease control and during application of the pesticide. The
use and management of pesticides are regulated under 40 CFR 150 - 189.
3.10.1 Pesticide Delivery and Storage
Deliver pesticides to the site in the original, unopened containers
bearing legible labels indicating the EPA registration number and the
manufacturer's registered uses. Store pesticides according to
manufacturer's instructions and under lock and key when unattended.
3.10.2 Qualifications
For the application of pesticides, use the services of a subcontractor
whose principal business is pest control. The subcontractor must be
licensed and certified in the state where the work is to be performed.
3.10.3 Pesticide Handling Requirements
Formulate, treat with, and dispose of pesticides and associated containers
in accordance with label directions and use the clothing and personal
protective equipment specified on the labeling for use during all phases
of the application. Furnish Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all
pesticide products.
3.10.4 Application
Apply pesticides using a State Certified Pesticide Applicator in
accordance with EPA label restrictions and recommendation. The Certified
Applicator must wear clothing and personal protective equipment as
specified on the pesticide label. The Contracting Officer will designate
locations for water used in formulating. Do not allow the equipment to
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overflow. All equipment must be inspected for leaks, clogging, wear, or
damage and repaired prior to application of pesticide.
3.11 PREVIOUSLY USED EQUIPMENT
Clean all previously used construction equipment prior to bringing it onto
the project site. Ensure that the equipment is free from soil residuals,
egg deposits from plant pests, noxious weeds, and plant seeds. Consult
with the USDA jurisdictional office for additional cleaning requirements.
3.12 MAINTENANCE OF POLLUTION FACILITIES
Maintain permanent and temporary pollution control facilities and devices
for the duration of the contract or for that length of time construction
activities create the particular pollutant.
3.13 MILITARY MUNITIONS
In the event military munitions, as defined in 40 CFR 260, are discovered
or uncovered, the Contractor will immediately stop work in that area and
immediately inform the Contracting Officer.
3.14 TRAINING OF CONTRACTOR PERSONNEL
The Contractor's personnel must be trained in all phases of environmental
protection and pollution control. Conduct environmental
protection/pollution control meetings for all personnel prior to
commencing construction activities. Additional meetings must be conducted
for new personnel and when site conditions change. Include in the
training and meeting agenda: methods of detecting and avoiding pollution;
familiarization with statutory and contractual pollution standards;
installation and care of devices, vegetative covers, and instruments
required for monitoring purposes to ensure adequate and continuous
environmental protection/pollution control; anticipated hazardous or toxic
chemicals or wastes, and other regulated contaminants; recognition and
protection of archaeological sites, artifacts, wetlands, and endangered
species and their habitat that are known to be in the area.
3.15 CONTAMINATED MEDIA MANAGEMENT
Manage contaminated environmental media consisting of, but not limited to,
ground water, soils, and sediments in accordance with Section 01 74 19.37
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT.
3.16 POST CONSTRUCTION CLEANUP
The Contractor will clean up all areas used for construction in accordance
with Contract Clause: "Cleaning Up". Unless otherwise instructed in
writing by the Contracting Officer, obliterate all signs of temporary
construction facilities such as haul roads, work area, structures,
foundations of temporary structures, stockpiles of excess or waste
materials, and other vestiges of construction prior to final acceptance of
the work. The disturbed area must be graded, filled and the entire area
seeded unless otherwise indicated.
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PART 4 ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS AND COMMITMENTS
4.1 LIST OF PRECONSTRUCTION PERMITS
Obtaining and complying with all environmental permits and commitments
required by Federal, State, regional, local, and Installation/Facility
environmental laws and regulations are the Contractor's responsibility.
Prior to beginning of construction, the Contractor shall, upon review of
the project and this specification section, make a list of all permits and
construction-related commitments/and requirements required for the
duration of the construction phase to be attached to the Environmental
Protection Plan, or other similar documentation if an Environmental
Protection Plan is not required. The Contractor, in conjunction with the
Designer of Record (DOR), shall prepare a List of Preconstruction Permits
(LOPP) with construction-related commitments/and requirements. The LOPP
shall include, but is not be limited to the following: permit name, the
address of the permitting agency, cost of submittal/Permit fee, and the
name of the permitee. The LOPP should also include specifics of each
permit such as the purpose/reason permit is needed, regulatory
requirements, applicability to the project, schedule for obtaining permit,
and other information such as authorized or permit restrictions. The LOPP
should also list specific commitments (i.e., dust control measures, tree
cutting restrictions, erosion control measures) that are not inherent to a
specific permit or may apply to multiple permits, or are required for
proper construction and compliance.

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT MAY CONTAIN
INFORMATION TO IDENTIFY PRECONSTRUCTION PERMITS AND CONSTRUCTION-RELATED
COMMITTMENTS
4.2.1 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
The National Environmental Policy Act establishes policies and goals for
the protection of the environment. The NEPA process includes systematic
examination of possible and probable environmental consequences of
implementing a Proposed Action. USACE projects should be in compliance
with AR200-2, Chapter 2 - National Environmental Policy Act and the
Decision Process. ER200-2-2 provides additional guidance on NEPA
documentation. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain and
review copies of NEPA documentation related to the project prior to
beginning of construction. This may include but is not limited to the
Record of Environmental Consideration (REC), an Environmental Analysis
(EA), a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), an Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS), a Life Cycle Environmental Document (LCED), a Record of
Decision (ROD), and a Categorical Exclusion (CX). These documents may
also contain commitments, such Environmental Impacts and
Minimization/Avoidance Measures for the Proposed Action that must be
followed and incorporated into the Environmental Protection Plan or other
appropriate documentation, and included in the LOPP.

4.2.2 Endangered Species Act
Construction should be completed in compliance with the Endangered Species
act of 1973 and Army Regulation AR200-3, Chapter 11 -
Endangered/Threatened Species Guidance. The Endangered Species Act
provides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered
plants and animals and the habitats in which they reside. In the case
that a proposed construction action could be harmful to a threatened or
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endangered species or its habitat, the Contractor will be required to
review and follow federal, state, regional, and local regulations
pertaining to threatened and endangered species. For work taking place on
a military installation, the Contractor will be required to obtain and
review a copy of any Endangered Species Management Plans (ESMP) or other
related commitments from the appropriate base personnel, or State Fish and
Wildlife personnel relative to the Installation.
Projects that may affect threatened or endangered species will likely have
had a Biological Evaluation and may also have a Biological Assessment
completed for the action. The Biological Evaluation and Biological
Assessment provides site-specific information regarding potential impacts
to federally threatened or endangered species in compliance with Section 7
(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act. If a Biological Evaluation or a
Biological Assessment has been completed for the proposed action, the
Contractor should obtain and review it and use it to help develop species
specific protection measures to be included in the Environmental
Protection Plan.
If a threatened or endangered species is encountered during construction,
the Contractor should immediately stop construction in the area and
contact the appropriate authorities. Even if endangered species are not
located at a construction site, the facility ESMP may have avoidance
measures required of any construction at the facility. The Contractor
should thoroughly review and follow requirements of the ESMP.
4.2.3 National Historic Preservation Act

The National Historic Preservation Act is intended to protect the nations
historic and cultural resources. Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act requires any government agency with jurisdiction over an
undertaking to take into account its effects on any district, site,
building, structure, or object included on or eligible for inclusion on
the National Register. Construction should be completed in compliance
with both the National Historic Preservation act and Army Regulation
AR200-1, Chapter 6 - Cultural Resources. It is the responsibility of the
Contractor to obtain and review a copy of any pertinent Integrated
Cultural Resources Management Plan from the appropriate authorities. If
at any time during construction cultural resources are discovered, the
Contractor will immediately stop any construction that may damage the
newly discovered resource. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to
review any additional State, regional, or local regulations and obtain
necessary permits.
4.2.4 Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act is the primary federal law of the United States
governing water pollution. The purpose of the Clean Water Act is to
eliminate release of high amounts of pollution into navigable waters of
the United States. Army Regulation AR200-1, Chapter 4 - Environmental
Asset Management, describes army regulations in regards to the nation's
water resources. Construction should be completed in compliance with Army
Regulation AR200-1.

4.2.4.1 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
Section 402 of the Clean Water Act authorizes the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. Compliance with
NPDES will be required on any construction project with at least one acre
of land disturbance. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to
determine if a general permit has been issued covering construction
activities. Refer to Specification SECTION 01 57 23 TEMPORARY STORM WATER
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POLLUTION CONTROL for specific requirements and permit information
regarding NPDES requirements and regulations. Additionally, the
Contractor is to follow the NPES and Notice of Intent (NOI) requirements
outlined in SECTION 00 80 00.00 06 SPECIAL CLAUSES. If it is necessary to
obtain a specific permit for construction, this permit should be obtained
from the state EPA office, and it is the responsibility of the Contractor
to obtain. In compliance with NPDES, a Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan (SWPPP) or a Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Plan must be in place
and followed for the duration of construction. A Storm Water Best
Management Practices (SWBMP) Plan should also be included as part of the
Environmental Protection Plan. After construction is finished, a Notice of
Termination must be submitted within 30 days after all land disturbing
activity is complete.
4.2.4.2 Section 404 Permit for Dredge/Fill Operations
Construction resulting in the discharge of fill or dredge material into
wetlands or waters of the United States must be authorized by a permit
pursuant to section 404 of the Clean Water Act. It is the responsibility
of the Contractor to obtain and review the Federal, State, or Regional
general permits pertaining to construction, or to obtain an individual
permit if construction activity is not covered by a general permit.
4.2.4.3 Waste Water Discharge Permits
NPDES authorizes permitting requirements for waste water discharge. Any
non-exempt facilities that will discharge waste water to the local
sanitary sewer system (ex. on-site concrete plant, on-site sewage
treatment plant, water treatment plant, equipment wash rack) will require
permits in accordance with any Federal, State, regional, and local
regulations.
4.2.4.4 Aquatic Resources Alteration Permit
State, Regional, or Local regulations may also require an Aquatic
Resources Alteration Permit for any construction that alters a stream,
lake, river, or wetland. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to
review the regulations of jurisdictions covering the construction site and
to obtain any necessary permits in compliance with these jurisdictions.
4.2.5 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is the principal Federal
law of the United States covering the disposal of solid and hazardous
waste. The RCRA also provides regulation on underground storage tanks
(USTs). The objectives of the RCRA are to protect human health and the
environment from potential hazards of waste disposal, to conserve energy
and natural resources, to reduce waste generation, and to ensure wastes
are managed in an environmentally sound way. Army Regulation AR200-1,
Chapter 10 - Waste Management describes army regulations concerning the
handling of hazardous and solid waste. Construction should be completed
in compliance with AR200-1 and RCRA.

4.2.5.1 Solid Waste Disposal
The Contractor is responsible for including a Solid Waste Minimization
Plan and a Contaminant Prevention Plan as part of the Environmental
Protection Plan. These plans are to ensure the proper handling of solid
waste generated during construction. In general, the Contractor is
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required to divert a minimum of 50 percent of solid waste generated during
construction from landfills, but this amount may vary between
Installations. Refer to the SPECIFICATION SECTION 01 74 19 CONSTRUCTION
AND WASTE MANAGEMENT for more information regarding solid waste disposal
and requirements. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain a
Solid Waste Permit or a Beneficial Reuse Permit from the State and local
authorities.
4.2.5.2 Hazardous Waste Disposal
Hazardous wastes are as defined in 40 CRR 261. The Contractor is
responsible for developing a Spill Control Plan to be included in the
Environmental Protection Plan. The Contractor may be required to obtain a
Hazardous Waste Generator ID# from the EPA, and additional permitting
requirements may have to be met in accordance with State, regional, and
local regulations. If during construction any asbestos, lead based paint,
Polychlorinated biphenyl, or any other material or substance hazardous to
human health is encountered, that portion of work should be stopped
immediately, the contracting officer should be contacted, and all
necessary precautions to avoid human harm should be taken. All necessary
removal permits would be the responsibility of the Contractor. No
building or utility demolition is expected as part of this project.

4.2.5.3 Underground Storage Tank Systems
An underground storage tank (UST) system is a tank and any underground
piping that has at least 10 percent of its total volume underground. Any
construction dealing with the installation, modification, or removal of an
UST must be in compliance with the RCRA, and AR200-1, Chapter 11 - Storage
Tank Systems/Oil and Hazardous Substances Spills. Additional State,
regional, and local permitting may be required for construction dealing
with USTS. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain any of
these permits. If a UST is encountered that was not included in the
design, work around the vicinity of the tank and potential contaminated
areas will stop and the contractor will notify the contracting officer.

4.2.6 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
The purpose of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is to protect public
drinking water and its sources: rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and
ground water wells. Construction should be completed in compliance with
requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act, as stated by Army Regulation
AR200-1, Chapter 4 - Environmental Asset Management.
4.2.6.1 Water Distribution
Any construction involving the installation of a water treatment system,
installation of water distribution lines, or the installation of a
drinking water well will require permitting, usually issued by the State
government and as coordinated with local and State regulatory authorities.

4.2.6.2 Groundwater Protection
The Contractor will be required to develop and adhere to a groundwater
protection plan for any construction that could result in groundwater
contamination. The groundwater protection plan should be included as part
of the Environmental Protection Plan. The Contractor should review
Federal, State, regional, and local regulations concerning groundwater
protection and obtain permits required by regulations. If the Contractor
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is required to use underground injection to dispose of fluids in the
ground, and underground injection control permit will be required, which
will likely be issued by the State. The Contractor should coordinate with
State authorities to insure that proper permitting is obtained and
applicable regulations are followed.

4.2.7 Occupational Safety and Health Act

The Occupational Safety and Health Act is the primary federal law
governing occupational health and safety in the workplace. Its main goal
is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free
from recognized hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive
noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary
conditions.
Many states have their own Occupational Safety and Health requirements
which are at least as strict as the Federal requirements. The Contractor
should adhere to 29 CFR 1926 which regulates construction activities as
well as follow safety and health requirements specified in EM 385-1-1.
4.2.7.1 Employee Right to Know
Employee Right to Know is an Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) regulation giving employees the right to know information about the
hazards they may be exposed to in the workplace, or on a construction
site. The Contractor should be in compliance with OSHA standards during
the duration of construction. The Contractor should make available
material safety data sheets (MSDS) on any hazardous material or product
that may be present on the construction site. These sheets should include
such information such as the specific product, hazards and safety risks
related to the product, storage and disposal requirements, protective
equipment requirements, and emergency response procedures.

4.2.7.2 Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) uses enforceable
occupational exposure limits (OELs) to protect employees against potential
health effects of exposure to hazardous substances. The OELs are
regulatory limits on the amount (concentration) of a substance in the air,
or on the skin. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that
the construction site remains within the OELs set by USACE. EM 385-1-1
defines the OELs as the most stringent standard published between the most
recently published American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) guideline "Threshold Limit Values and Biological
Exposure Indices," and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) as defined by 29 CFR 1910, 29
CFR 1915, and 29 CFR 1926.
4.2.7.3 Confined Spaces
A confined space has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and is
not designed for continuous employee occupancy. This includes areas such
as underground vaults, tanks, storage bins, manholes, pits, silos, process
vessels, and pipelines. A confined space may require a special permit for
work to take place. A permit-required confined space as described by OSHA
is a confined space with any of the following characteristics: contains or
has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; contains a material
that has the potential to engulf an entrant; has walls that converge
inward or floors that slope downward and taper into a smaller area which
could trap or asphyxiate an entrant; or contains any other recognized
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safety or health hazard, such as unguarded machinery, exposed live wires,
or heat stressors. The Contractor should follow Federal, State, regional
and local regulations and obtain necessary permits in regards to work in
confined spaces.
4.2.8 Burning Permits
If the burning is subsequently allowed by the federal government on the
construction site, it is the responsibility of the Contractor to
coordinate with state, regional, and local governments to obtain necessary
permitting before proceeding with any burning activity. State, Regional,
or Local requirements may call for the development of a burn plan before
any burning can be done on the construction site. It will be the
responsibility of the Contractor to develop and submit for approval a burn
plan for the construction site before any burning takes place.

4.2.9 Floodplain Construction Permits
In accordance with CFR 44, Part 60.3 - Flood Plain Management Criteria for
Flood-prone Areas, communities are required to issue permits for proposed
construction and development activities within the community. This is to
ensure the proper management of flood prone areas. It is the
responsibility of the Contractor to obtain necessary Federal, State,
regional, and local permits related to floodplain construction and to
follow all related regulations.

4.2.10 Air Quality Permits
The Contractor is responsible for developing a dirt and dust control plan
prior to construction. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to
obtain any State, Regional, and Local permits relating to air quality
during construction. A permit may be required if there is any issue with
emissions release during construction, detectable levels of radon, or dirt
and dust control issues. Also, the Contractor may be required to obtain a
permit for the use of any equipment with combustible sources. Appropriate
radon mitigation measures should be used during construction in accordance
with 29 CFR 1910.
4.2.11 Excavation Permit
In addition to the Notice of Intent (NOI), an excavation permit from
State, regional, local governments, and/or the facility/Installation may
be required before excavation can commence on the project site. It is the
responsibility of the Contractor to review State, regional, and local
regulations pertaining to excavation and to obtain any necessary permits
prior to initiation of construction, including any permits required for
the drilling and installation of the geothermal system and bore holes.
4.2.12 Vegetation and Revegetation Permit
Any construction activity that involves vegetation removal or
re-vegetation may require a vegetation permit from State, regional, and
local authorities. It is the responsibility to review State, regional,
and local regulations pertaining to vegetation prior to construction and
to follow through with responsibilities stated in the regulations.
Vegetation removal or vegetation plans may be restricted or limited by the
presence of threatened or endangered species or by a pest management
requirements. If the project could affect threatened and endangered
species or is covered by a pest management plan, the Contractor may have
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special vegetation requirements to follow. These requirements would be
included in the appropriate facility management plans or by Fish and
Wildlife Service regulations.
4.2.13 Water Withdrawal Permits
Withdrawal of water from any surface, spring, or groundwater source may
require a Water Withdrawal Permit. It is the responsibility of the
Contractor to review any relevant State, regional, and local regulations
and to obtain any necessary permits for water withdrawal activities prior
to initiation of construction.
4.2.14 Zoning Permits
It is the responsibility of the Contractor to review any State, regional,
and local regulations pertaining to zoning and to obtain necessary permits
prior to initiation of construction.
4.2.15 Noise Permits
Some local and state jurisdictions may enforce noise ordinances.
Construction activity may be in violation of these ordinances and could
require permit to exceed the ordinance levels. It is the responsibility of
the Contractor to review local regulations regarding noise pollution and
to obtain necessary permits prior to the initiation of construction.
4.2.16 Pesticide Permits
Some construction projects may require the use of pesticides for pest
control. If a pesticide is to be used on a construction site, the
Contractor is responsible for following procedures in the area Integrated
Pest management plan (IMPM). Pest control measures must be in compliance
with AR200-1, Chapter 5 - Pest Management. Obtainment of Federal, State,
regional, or local permits required for the use of a pesticide is the
responsibility of the Contractor.

4.2.17 Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC)/Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)
In the event military munitions, as defined in 40 CFR 260, are discovered
or uncovered, the Contractor will immediately stop work in that area and
immediately inform the Contracting Officer. Any construction on a site
that has the possibility of the existence of MEC or UXO must be
coordinated through the Center of Expertise.
4.2.18 Driveway / Curb Cut Permit
The construction of a driveway connecting to a public road may require
permitting. The contractor should review all State, regional, and local
regulations pertaining to driveway construction and curb cutting and
obtain any necessary permits. In addition to driveway and curb cut
Permits, a right-of-way Permit to be obtained by the Contractor may also
be required if a sidewalk will be temporarily obstructed during the
construction of a driveway entrance. Coordinate any curb cuts with Fort
Bragg DPW.
4.2.19 Demolition Permit
Construction projects that require the demolition of structures may
require the Contractor to obtain permitting. The National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) are stationary source
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standards for hazardous air pollutants. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
are those pollutants that are known or suspected to cause cancer or other
serious health effects. Building demolition could release HAPs such as
asbestos into the air if proper regulations aren't followed. The presence
of HAPs on a construction site will require the Contractor to develop
appropriate plans for the removal of such pollutants prior to demolition,
and may require additional permitting from State, regional, and local
authorities.
Other considerations such as proper utility disconnection and safe
building demolition are also considered and may require permits. If any
demolition activity interferes with the public right-of-way, an
obstruction permit will also need to be obtained from the appropriate
authorities. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to follow all
Federal, State, regional, and local regulations and obtain the appropriate
permits dealing with building demolition and right-of-way obstruction.
4.2.20 Utility Permits
Any project that requires utility construction or connection will likely
require a permit from local authorities. It is the responsibility of the
contractor to review all local regulations and obtain all permits and fees
relating to utility construction and connections. Utility installations
that will likely require permitting are electric, gas, drinking water,
communication, and sanitary sewer utility installations. The Contractor is
responsible for contacting the provider for each of the utilities and
coordinate permitting and installation with the utility providers. The
Contractor shall coordinate all water and sanitary water permits, if
necessary, with Old North Utility Services.
4.2.21 Aquatic Resource Alteration Permits
Construction involving the temporary or permanent alteration of aquatic
resources will require State, regional, or local permitting. The
Contractor is responsible for reviewing State, regional and local laws as
well as regulations and coordinating with appropriate authorities to
determine if an aquatic resource alteration permit is necessary. Actions
such as the temporary or permanent diversion of a stream, depositing of
fill material into a stream, pond, lake, or wetland, and other similar
activities will likely trigger the need for a permit.
4.2.22 Construction Permit
New construction may require a construction or building permit from State,
regional, or local authorities prior to the beginning of construction. It
is the responsibility of the Contractor to review State, regional and
local laws and regulations and to obtain a construction permit if required.
4.2.23 Permit Variances
State, regional, and local authorities may allow modifications to be made
in areas covered by existing permits. The permitting agency may be able to
issue a permit variance for either a temporary or one-time exceedance of
conditions specified in the existing permit. The Contractor should
coordinate with permitting authorities if a variance will be necessary for
the completion of the project.

-- End of Section --
SECTION 01 57 20.00 06 Page 23
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
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SECTION 01 57 23
TEMPORARY STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
04/08
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 SUMMARY
The work consists of implementing the storm water pollution prevention
measures to prevent sediment from entering streams or water bodies as
specified in this Section in conformance with the requirements of Section
01 57 20.00 10 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, and the requirements of the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).
1.2 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM D4439 (2011) Geosynthetics
ASTM D4491 (1999a; R 2009) Water Permeability of
Geotextiles by Permittivity
ASTM D4533 (2011) Trapezoid Tearing Strength of
Geotextiles
ASTM D4632/D4632M (2008; E 2013; R 2013) Grab Breaking Load
and Elongation of Geotextiles
ASTM D4751 (2012) Determining Apparent Opening Size
of a Geotextile
ASTM D4873 (2002; R 2009) Identification, Storage,
and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and
Samples
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
EPA 832-R-92-005 (1992) Storm Water Management for
Construction Activities Developing
Pollution Preventions and Plans and Best
Management Practices
U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)
40 CFR 122.26 Storm Water Discharges (Applicable to
State NPDES Programs, see section 123.25)
1.3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS
The controls and measures required of the Contractor are described below.
SECTION 01 57 23 Page 1
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1.3.1 Stabilization Practices
The stabilization practices to be implemented include temporary seeding,
mulching, geotextiles, sod stabilization, erosion control matts,
protection of trees, etc. On the daily CQC Report, record the dates when
the major grading activities occur, (e.g., clearing and grubbing,
excavation, embankment, and grading); when construction activities
temporarily or permanently cease on a portion of the site; and when
stabilization practices are initiated. Except as provided in paragraphs
UNSUITABLE CONDITIONS and NO ACTIVITY FOR LESS THAN 21 DAYS, initiate
stabilization practices as soon as practicable, but no more than 14 days,
in any portion of the site where construction activities have temporarily
or permanently ceased.
1.3.1.1 Unsuitable Conditions
Where the initiation of stabilization measures by the fourteenth day after
construction activity temporarily or permanently ceases or is precluded by
unsuitable conditions caused by the weather, initiate stabilization
practices as soon as practicable after conditions become suitable.
1.3.1.2 No Activity for Less Than 21 Days
When the total time period in which construction activity is temporarily
ceased on a portion of the site is 21 days minimum, stabilization
practices do not have to be initiated on that portion of the site until 14
days have elapsed after construction activity temporarily ceased.
1.3.1.3 Burnoff
Burnoff of the ground cover is not permitted.
1.3.1.4 Protection of Erodible Soils
Immediately finish the earthwork brought to a final grade, as indicated or
specified, and protect the side slopes and back slopes upon completion of
rough grading. Plan and conduct earthwork to minimize the duration of
exposure of unprotected soils.
1.3.2 Erosion, Sediment and Stormwater Control
a. Submit "Erosion and Sediment Control Reports" (E&S) (form provided at
the pre-construction conference) and "Stormwater Inspections for
General Permit NCG010000 - Land Disturbing Activities" (form provided
at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/su/PDF_Files/SW_General_Permits/NCG01_Inspect_log.pdf)
to the Contracting Officer once every 7 days and within 24 hours of a
storm event that produces 0.5 inch or more of rain.
b. Comply with NCG010000, North Carolina Permit to Discharge Storm Water
under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. The
existing permit may be obtained from:
http://h20.enr.state.nc.us/su/PDF_Files/SW_General_Permits/NCG01_Inspect_log.pdf.
c. Submit a Storm Water Notice of Intent for NPDES coverage under the
general permit for construction activities and a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for the project to the Contracting Officer
prior to the commencement of work. The SWPPP shall meet the
requirements of the State of North Carolina general permit for storm
SECTION 01 57 23 Page 2
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
water discharges from construction sites. Submit the SWPPP along with
any required Notice of Intents, Notice of Termination, and appropriate
permit fees, via the Contracting Officer, to the appropriate agency
for approval, a minimum of 14 calendar days prior to the start of any
land disturbing activities. Maintain an approved copy of the SWPPP at
the construction on-site office, and continually update as regulations
require, to reflect current site conditions. Include within the SWPPP:
(1) Identify potential sources of pollution which may be reasonably
expected to affect the quality of storm water discharge from the
site.
(2) Describe and ensure implementation of practices which will be
used to reduce the pollutants in storm water discharge from the
site.
(3) Ensure compliance with terms of the State of North Carolina
general permit for storm water discharge.
(4) Select applicable best management practices from EPA 832-R-92-005.
(5) Include a completed copy of the Registration Statement, BMP
Inspection Report Template and Notice of Termination except for
the effective date.
(6) Storm Water Pollution Prevention Measures and Notice of Intent
40 CFR 122.26, EPA 832-R-92-005. Provide a "Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan" (SWPPP) for the project. The SWPPP will meet the
requirements of the State of North Carolina general permit for
storm water discharges from construction sites. Submit the SWPPP
along with any required Notice of Intents, Notice of Termination,
and appropriate permit fees, via the Contracting Officer, to the
appropriate agency for approval, a minimum of 14 calendar days
prior to the start of construction. A copy of the approved SWPPP
will be kept at the construction on-site office, and continually
updated as regulations require to reflect current site conditions.
1.3.3 Structural Practices
Implement structural practices to divert flows from exposed soils,
temporarily store flows, or otherwise limit runoff and the discharge of
pollutants from exposed areas of the site. Implement structural practices
in a timely manner, during the construction process, to minimize erosion
and sediment runoff. Location and details of installation and
construction are shown on the drawings.
1.3.3.1 Silt Fences
Provide silt fences as a temporary structural practice to minimize erosion
and sediment runoff. Properly install silt fences to effectively retain
sediment immediately after completing each phase of work where erosion
would occur in the form of sheet and rill erosion (e.g. clearing and
grubbing, excavation, embankment, and grading). Install silt fences in
the locations indicated on the drawings. Obtain approval from the
Contracting Officer prior to final removal of silt fence barriers.
1.3.3.2 Straw Bales
Straw bales shall not be used.
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1.3.3.3 Diversion Dikes
Build diversion dikes with a maximum channel slope of 2 percent and
adequately compacted to prevent failure. The minimum height measured from
the top of the dike to the bottom of the channel shall be 18 inches. The
minimum base width shall be 6 feet and the minimum top width shall be 2
feet. Ensure that the diversion dikes are not damaged by construction
operations or traffic. Locate diversion dikes where shown on the drawings.
1.3.4 Sediment Basins
Trap sediment in temporary sediment basins. Select a basin size to
accommodate the runoff of a local 2-year storm. Pump dry and remove the
accumulated sediment, after each storm. Use a paved weir or vertical
overflow pipe for overflow. Remove collected sediment from the site.
Institute effluent quality monitoring programs. Install, inspect, and
maintain best management practices (BMPs) as required by the general
permit. Prepare BMP Inspection Reports as required by the general
permit. If required by the permit, include those inspection reports.
1.3.5 Vegetation and Mulch
a. Provide temporary protection on sides and back slopes as soon as rough
grading is completed or sufficient soil is exposed to require erosion
protection. Protect slopes by accelerated growth of permanent
vegetation, temporary vegetation, mulching, or netting. Stabilize
slopes by hydroseeding, anchoring mulch in place, covering with
anchored netting, sodding, or such combination of these and other
methods necessary for effective erosion control.
b. Seeding: Provide new seeding where ground is disturbed. Include
topsoil or nutriment during the seeding operation necessary to
establish a suitable stand of grass. The seeding operation will be as
specified in Section 32 92 19 SEEDING.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. Submit the following in accordance
with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Storm Water Notice of Intent
SD-06 Test Reports
Erosion and Sediment Controls
SD-07 Certificates
Mill Certificate or Affidavit
SECTION 01 57 23 Page 4
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1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Identify, store and handle filter fabric in accordance with ASTM D4873.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 COMPONENTS FOR SILT FENCES
2.1.1 Filter Fabric
Provide geotextile that complies with the requirements of ASTM D4439, and
consists of polymeric filaments which are formed into a stable network
such that filaments retain their relative positions. The filament shall
consist of a long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85 percent
by weight of ester, propylene, or amide, and contains stabilizers and/or
inhibitors added to the base plastic to make the filaments resistant to
deterioration due to ultraviolet and heat exposure. Provide synthetic
filter fabric that contains ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers to
assure a minimum of six months of expected usable construction life at a
temperature range of 0 to 120 degrees F. The filter fabric shall meet the
following requirements:
FILTER FABRIC FOR SILT SCREEN FENCE
PHYSICAL PROPERTY TEST PROCEDURE STRENGTH REQUIREMENT
Grab Tensile Elongation
(percent)
ASTM D4632/D4632M 100 lbs. min. 30 percent
max.
Trapezoid Tear ASTM D4533 55 lbs. min.
Permittivity ASTM D4491 0.2 sec-1
AOS (U.S. Std Sieve)ASTM D4751 20-100
2.1.2 Silt Fence Stakes and Posts
Use either wooden stakes or steel posts for fence construction. Wooden
stakes utilized for silt fence construction, shall have a minimum cross
section of 2 by 2 inches when oak is used and 4 by 4 inches when pine is
used, and have a minimum length of 5 feet. Steel posts (standard "U" or
"T" section) utilized for silt fence construction, shall have a minimum
weight of 1.33 pounds/linear foot and a minimum length of 5 feet. Refer
to details in the drawings for additional information.
2.1.3 Mill Certificate or Affidavit
Provide a mill certificate or affidavit attesting that the fabric and
factory seams meet chemical, physical, and manufacturing requirements
specified above. Specify in the mill certificate or affidavit the actual
Minimum Average Roll Values and identify the fabric supplied by roll
identification numbers. Submit a mill certificate or affidavit signed by
a legally authorized official from the company manufacturing the filter
fabric.
SECTION 01 57 23 Page 5
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION OF SILT FENCES
Extend silt fences a minimum of 16 inches above the ground surface without
exceeding 34 inches above the ground surface. Provide filter fabric from
a continuous roll cut to the length of the barrier to avoid the use of
joints. When joints are unavoidable, splice together filter fabric at a
support post, with a minimum 6 inch overlap, and securely sealed.
Excavate trench approximately 4 inches wide and 4 inches deep on the
upslope side of the location of the silt fence. The 4 by 4 inch trench
shall be backfilled and the soil compacted over the filter fabric. Remove
silt fences upon approval by the Contracting Officer.
3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
Maintain the temporary and permanent vegetation, erosion and sediment
control measures, and other protective measures in good and effective
operating condition by performing routine inspections to determine
condition and effectiveness, by restoration of destroyed vegetative cover,
and by repair of erosion and sediment control measures and other
protective measures. Use the following procedures to maintain the
protective measures.
3.2.1 Silt Fence Maintenance
Inspect the silt fences in accordance with paragraph, titled
"Inspections," of this section. Any required repairs shall be made
promptly. Pay close attention to the repair of damaged silt fence
resulting from end runs and undercutting. Should the fabric on a silt
fence decompose or become ineffective, and the barrier is still necessary,
replace the fabric promptly. Remove sediment deposits when deposits reach
one-third of the height of the barrier. Remove a silt fence when it is no
longer required. The immediate area occupied by the fence and any
sediment deposits shall be shaped to an acceptable grade. The areas
disturbed by this shaping shall be seeded in accordance with Section
32 05 33 LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT, except that the coverage requirements in
paragraph, titled "Establishment" of this section do not apply.
3.2.2 Diversion Dike Maintenance
Inspect diversion dikes in accordance with paragraph, titled
"Inspections," of this section. Pay close attention to the repair of
damaged diversion dikes and accomplish necessary repairs promptly. When
diversion dikes are no longer required, shape to an acceptable grade.
Seed the areas disturbed by this shaping in accordance with Section
32 92 19 SEEDING.
3.3 INSPECTIONS
3.3.1 General
Inspect disturbed areas of the construction site, areas that have not been
finally stabilized used for storage of materials exposed to precipitation,
stabilization practices, structural practices, other controls, and area
where vehicles exit the site at least once every seven (7) calendar days
and within 24 hours of the end of any storm that produces 0.5 inches or
more rainfall at the site. Conduct inspections at least once every month
where sites have been finally stabilized.
SECTION 01 57 23 Page 6
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3.3.2 Inspections Details
Inspect disturbed areas and areas used for material storage that are
exposed to precipitation for evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants
entering the drainage system. Observe erosion and sediment control
measures identified in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to ensure
that they are operating correctly. Inspect discharge locations or points
to ascertain whether erosion control measures are effective in preventing
significant impacts to receiving waters. Inspect locations where vehicles
exit the site for evidence of offsite sediment tracking.
3.3.3 Inspection Reports
For each inspection conducted, prepare a report summarizing the scope of
the inspection, name(s) and qualifications of personnel making the
inspection, the date(s) of the inspection, major observations relating to
the implementation of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan,
maintenance performed, and actions taken. Furnish the report to the
Contracting Officer within 24 hours of the inspection as a part of the
Contractor's daily CQC REPORT. A copy of the inspection report shall be
maintained on the job site.
-- End of Section --
SECTION 01 57 23 Page 7
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
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SECTION 31 00 00
EARTHWORK
08/08
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 CRITERIA FOR BIDDING
Base bids on the following criteria:
a. Surface elevations are as indicated.
b. Pipes or other artificial obstructions, except those indicated, will
not be encountered.
c. Ground water elevations indicated by the boring logs were those
existing at the time subsurface investigations were made and do not
necessarily represent ground water elevation at the time of
construction.
d. Material character is indicated by the boring logs.
e. Hard materials and rock will not be encountered .
1.2 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS
(AASHTO)
AASHTO T 180 (2010) Standard Method of Test for
Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using
a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm
(18-in.) Drop
AASHTO T 224 (2010) Standard Method of Test for
Correction for Coarse Particles in the
Soil Compaction Test
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM D1140 (2000; R 2006) Amount of Material in Soils
Finer than the No. 200 (75-micrometer)
Sieve
ASTM D1556 (2007) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by the Sand-Cone Method
ASTM D1557 (2012) Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000
ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)
ASTM D2216 (2010) Laboratory Determination of Water
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
SECTION 31 00 00 Page 1
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ASTM D2487 (2011) Soils for Engineering Purposes
(Unified Soil Classification System)
ASTM D2937 (2010) Density of Soil in Place by the
Drive-Cylinder Method
ASTM D422 (1963; R 2007; E 2014) Particle-Size
Analysis of Soils
ASTM D4318 (2010; E 2014) Liquid Limit, Plastic
Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
ASTM D6938 (2010) Standard Test Method for In-Place
Density and Water Content of Soil and
Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
Depth)
U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)
29 CFR 1926.652 Safety and Health Regulations for
Construction; Subpart P, Excavations;
Requirements for Protective Systems
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (NCDOT)
NCDOT Std Specs (2012) Standard Specifications for Roads
and Structures
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)
EM 385-1-1 (2014) Safety and Health Requirements
Manual
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Satisfactory Materials(Structural Fill or Controlled Fill)
1.3.1.1 Beneath Buildings, Earthwork, Roadwork, and Utilities Systems
Materials selected for use as structural fill shall be free from roots and
other organic matter, trash, debris, frozen soil, and stones larger than 3
inches in any dimension, and in general, shall have a liquid limit less
than 50 percent and a plasticity index of less than 30.
The following soils represented by their Unified Soil Classification
System (ASTM D2487) group symbols will be suitable for use as structural
fill: GP, GW, GC, GM, SP, SP-SM, SP-SC, SW, SC, SM, SM-SC, CL, and ML.
1.3.1.2 Geosynthetic-Reinforced Zone Behind MSE Walls
Only materials classified as GP, GW, GC, GM, SP, SP-SM, SPSC, SW, SC, SM,
and SM-SC with less than 35% passing the #200 sieve, a liquid limit (LL)
less than 35, and a plasticity index (PI) less than 10 will be suitable
for use as structural fill in the geosynthetic-reinforced zone behind
mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls.
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1.3.2 Unsatisfactory Materials
Materials which do not comply with the requirements for satisfactory
materials are unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory materials also include
man-made fills; trash; refuse; backfills from previous construction; and
material classified as satisfactory which contains root and other organic
matter or frozen material. Notify the Contracting Officer when
encountering any contaminated materials.
The following soil types are considered unsuitable for use as structural
fill in any portion of the site: PT, OH, OL, CH, and MH.
1.3.3 Degree of Compaction
Degree of compaction required, except as noted in the second sentence, is
expressed as a percentage of the maximum dry density obtained by the test
procedure presented in ASTM D1557 abbreviated as a percent of laboratory
maximum density. Since ASTM D1557 applies only to soils that have 30
percent or less by weight of their particles retained on the 3/4 inch
sieve, express the degree of compaction for material having more than 30
percent by weight of their particles retained on the 3/4 inch sieve as a
percentage of the maximum density in accordance with AASHTO T 180 and
corrected with AASHTO T 224. To maintain the same percentage of coarse
material, use the "remove and replace" procedure as described in NOTE 8
of Paragraph 7.2 in AASHTO T 180.
1.3.4 Topsoil
Material suitable for topsoils obtained from offsite areas is defined
as: Natural, friable soil representative of productive, well-drained
soils in the area, free of subsoil, stumps, rocks larger than 3/4 inch
diameter in any dimension, brush, weeds, toxic substances, and other
material detrimental to plant growth. Amend topsoil pH range to obtain a
pH of 5.5 to 7. Submit topsoil test reports indicating the suitability of
the topsoil for the approved permanent turf to the Contracting Officer for
approval before distributing the 8" of topsoil over the site.
1.3.5 Hard/Unyielding Materials
Hard/Unyielding materials comprise weathered rock, dense consolidated
deposits, or conglomerate materials which are not included in the
definition of "rock" with stones greater than 3 inch in any dimension or
as defined by the pipe manufacturer, whichever is smaller. These
materials usually require the use of heavy excavation equipment, ripper
teeth, or jack hammers for removal. Hard/Unyielding materials are not
expected to be encountered.
1.3.6 Rock
Solid homogeneous interlocking crystalline material with firmly cemented,
laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits, neither of which
can be removed without systematic drilling and blasting, drilling and the
use of expansion jacks or feather wedges, or the use of backhoe-mounted
pneumatic hole punchers or rock breakers; also large boulders, buried
masonry, or concrete other than pavement exceeding 1/2 cubic yard in
volume. Removal of hard material will not be considered rock excavation
because of intermittent drilling and blasting that is performed merely to
increase production. Rock is not expected to be encountered under this
contract.
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1.3.7 Unstable Material
Unstable materials are too wet to properly support the utility pipe,
conduit, or appurtenant structure.
1.3.8 Select Granular Material
1.3.8.1 General Requirements
Select granular material consist of materials classified as GW, GP, SW, or
SP by ASTM D2487 where indicated. The liquid limit of such material must
not exceed 35 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D4318. The
plasticity index must not be greater than 10 percent when tested in
accordance with ASTM D4318, and not more than 35 percent by weight may be
finer than No. 200 sieve when tested in accordance with ASTM D1140.
1.3.8.2 California Bearing Ratio Values
Perform California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests on compacted subgrades in
areas to receive pavement for both existing material and each material
imported from offsite. CBR value shall be equal to or above pavement
design subgrade CBR value of 8, as indicated on construction drawings.
1.3.9 Initial Backfill Material
Initial backfill consists of select granular material or satisfactory
materials. When the pipe is coated or wrapped for corrosion protection,
free the initial backfill material of stones as recommended by the pipe
manufacturer.
1.3.10 Expansive Soils
Expansive soils are defined as soils that have a plasticity index equal to
or greater than 30 when tested in accordance with ASTM D4318.
1.3.11 Maximum Dry Density
The maximum dry density is expressed as the maximum density obtained when
the soil is compacted in accordance with ASTM D1557, abbreviated as
laboratory maximum density.
1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Subsurface soil boring logs and locations are shown on the drawings. The
Subsurface Exploration and Geotechnical Engineering Report was prepared
for this project by the Savannah District. This report provides
recommendations for certain geotechnical and foundation design parameters,
and may be obtained upon request through the project manager. It should
be noted that although this report represents the best subsurface
information available, variations may exist in the subsurface between
boring locations. The Geotechnical Report is made available for the
Contractor's convenience, and is not a warranty of existing conditions.
1.4.1 Classification of Excavation
No consideration will be given to the nature of the materials, and all
excavation will be designated as unclassified excavation.
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1.4.1.1 Common Excavation
Include common excavation with the satisfactory removal and disposal of
all materials not classified as rock excavation.
1.4.1.2 Hard Drilling Material and Rock Excavation
The Contractor shall review the Geotechnical Report and soil boring logs
to determine the extent of potential hard drilling material and rock
excavation. Hard drilling materials and rock were not encountered in any
of the test borings performed on the site, and are not expected to be
encountered during constructionm activities.
1.4.2 Blasting
Blasting will not be permitted.
1.4.3 Dewatering Work Plan
Submit procedures for accomplishing dewatering work at least 15 days prior
to starting work.
1.5 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for Contractor Quality Control
approval. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00
SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals
Shoring; G, RO
Dewatering Work Plan; G, RO
SD-03 Product Data
Utilization of Excavated Materials
SD-06 Test Reports
Borrow Site Testing
SD-07 Certificates
Testing
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFSITE SOILS
Test offsite soils brought in for use as backfill for Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (TPH), Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylene (BTEX) and
full Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) including
ignitability, corrosivity and reactivity.
Offsite soils shall contain a maximum of 100 parts per million (ppm) of
TPH and a maximum of 10 ppm of the sum of BTEX and shall pass the TCPL
test. Determine TPH concentrations by using EPA 600/4-79/020 Method
9071. Determine BTEX concentrations by using EPA SW-846.3-3 Method
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8260b. Perform TCLP in accordance with EPA SW-846.3-3 Method 1311.
Provide Borrow Site Testing for TPH, BTEX and TCLP from a composite sample
of material from the borrow site, with at least one test from each borrow
site. Do not bring material onsite until tests have been approved by the
Contracting Officer. Within 24 hours of conclusion of physical tests,
submit 3 copies of test results, including calibration curves and results
of calibration tests.
2.2 BURIED WARNING AND IDENTIFICATION TAPE
Provide polyethylene plastic warning tape manufactured specifically for
warning and identification of buried utility lines. Provide tape on
rolls, 3 inches minimum width, color coded as specified below for the
intended utility with warning and identification imprinted in bold black
letters continuously over the entire tape length. Warning and
identification to read, "CAUTION, BURIED (intended service) LINE BELOW" or
similar wording. Provide permanent color and printing, unaffected by
moisture or soil.
Warning Tape Color Codes
Red Electric
Yellow Gas, Oil; Dangerous Materials
Orange Telephone and Other Communications
Blue Water Systems
Green Sewer Systems
White Steam Systems
Gray Compressed Air
2.2.1 Warning Tape for Metallic Piping
Provide acid and alkali-resistant polyethylene plastic tape conforming to
the width, color, and printing requirements specified above, with a
minimum thickness of 0.003 inch and a minimum strength of 1500 psi
lengthwise, and 1250 psi crosswise, with a maximum 350 percent elongation.
2.2.2 Detectable Warning Tape for Non-Metallic Piping
Provide polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and
printing requirements specified above, with a minimum thickness of 0.004
inch, and a minimum strength of 1500 psi lengthwise and 1250 psi
crosswise. Manufacture tape with integral wires, foil backing, or other
means of enabling detection by a metal detector when tape is buried up to
3 feet deep. Encase metallic element of the tape in a protective jacket
or provide with other means of corrosion protection.
2.3 MATERIAL FOR RIP-RAP
Provide material for rip-rap in accordance with NCDOT Std Specs, Section
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876.
Provide bedding material consisting of sand, gravel, or crushed rock, well
graded, or poorly graded with a maximum particle size of 2 inches.
Compose material of tough, durable particles. Allow fines passing the No.
200 standard sieve with a plasticity index less than 6.
2.4 CAPILLARY WATER BARRIER
Provide capillary water barrier for all concrete slabs-on-grade consisting
of a minimum of 4 inches of open graded, washed pea gravel, or stone to
prevent the capillary rise of the groundwater. Use stone size of 57, 67,
78, or 89.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 STRIPPING OF TOPSOIL
Where indicated or directed, strip topsoil in its entirety. Topsoil shall
be spread on areas already graded and prepared for topsoil, or transported
and deposited in stockpiles convenient to areas that are to receive
application of the topsoil later, or at locations indicated or specified.
Keep topsoil separate from other excavated materials, brush, litter,
objectionable weeds, roots, stones larger than 3/4 inches in diameter in
any dimension, and other materials that would interfere with planting and
maintenance operations. Remove from the site any surplus of topsoil from
excavations and gradings.
3.2 GENERAL EXCAVATION
Perform excavation of every type of material encountered within the limits
of the project to the lines, grades, and elevations indicated and as
specified. Perform the grading in accordance with the typical sections
shown and the tolerances specified in paragraph FINISHING. Transport
satisfactory excavated materials and place in fill or embankment within
the limits of the work. Excavate unsatisfactory materials encountered
within the limits of the work below grade and replace with satisfactory
materials as directed. Include such excavated material and the
satisfactory material ordered as replacement in excavation. Dispose
surplus satisfactory excavated material, not required for fill or
embankment, in areas approved for surplus material storage or designated
waste areas. Dispose unsatisfactory excavated material in designated
waste or spoil areas. During construction, perform excavation and fill in
a manner and sequence that will provide proper drainage at all times.
Materials required for fill or embankment, in excess of that produced by
onsite excavation within the limits of construction, shall be obtained by
the Contractor from an approved offsite borrow site.
3.2.1 Ditches, Gutters, and Channel Changes
Finish excavation of ditches, gutters, and channel changes by cutting
accurately to the cross sections, grades, and elevations shown on
Drawings. Do not excavate ditches and gutters below grades shown.
Backfill the excessive open ditch or gutter excavation with satisfactory,
thoroughly compacted, material to grades shown. Dispose of excess
satisfactory material and all unsatisfactory materials from excavation
offsite as directed. Maintain excavations free from detrimental
quantities of leaves, brush, sticks, trash, and other debris until final
acceptance of the work.
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3.2.2 Drainage Structures
Make excavations to the lines, grades, and elevations shown, or as
directed. Provide trenches and foundation pits of sufficient size to
permit the placement and removal of forms for the full length and width of
structure footings and foundations as shown. Do not disturb the bottom of
the excavation when concrete or masonry is to be placed in an excavated
area. Do not excavate to the final grade level until just before the
concrete or masonry is to be placed.
3.2.3 Drainage
Provide for the collection and disposal of surface and subsurface water
encountered during construction in accordance with Drawings and the
Contractor's approved Dewatering Work Plan. Completely drain construction
site during periods of construction to keep soil materials sufficiently
dry. When unsuitable working platforms for equipment operation and
unsuitable soil support for subsequent construction features develop,
remove unsuitable material and provide new soil material as specified
herein. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to assess the soil and
ground water conditions presented by the plans and specifications and to
employ necessary measures to permit construction to proceed.
3.2.4 Dewatering
Control groundwater flowing toward or into excavations to prevent
sloughing of excavation slopes and walls, boils, uplift and heave in the
excavation and to eliminate interference with orderly progress of
construction. Do not permit French drains, sumps, ditches or trenches
within 3 feet of the foundation of any structure, except with specific
written approval, and after specific contractual provisions for
restoration of the foundation area have been made. Take control measures
by the time the excavation reaches the water level in order to maintain
the integrity of the in situ material. While the excavation is open,
maintain the water level continuously, at least 3 feet below the working
level, in accordance with Contractor's approved Dewatering Work Plan.
3.2.5 Trench Excavation Requirements
Excavate the trench as recommended by the manufacturer of the pipe to be
installed. Slope trench walls below the top of the pipe, or make
vertical, and of such width as recommended in the manufacturer's printed
installation manual. Provide vertical trench walls where no
manufacturer's printed installation manual is available. Shore trench
walls more than 4 feet high, cut back to a stable slope, or provide with
equivalent means of protection for employees who may be exposed to moving
ground or cave in. Shore vertical trench walls more than 4 feet high.
Excavate trench walls which are cut back to at least the angle of repose
of the soil. Give special attention to slopes which may be adversely
affected by weather or moisture content. Do not exceed the trench width
below the pipe top of 24 inches plus pipe outside diameter (O.D.) for
pipes of less than 24 inches inside diameter, and do not exceed 36 inches
plus pipe outside diameter for sizes larger than 24 inches inside
diameter. Where recommended trench widths are exceeded, provide redesign,
stronger pipe, or special installation procedures by the Contractor. The
Contractor is responsible for the cost of redesign, stronger pipe, or
special installation procedures without any additional cost to the
Government.
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3.2.5.1 Bottom Preparation
Grade the bottoms of trenches accurately to provide uniform bearing and
support for the bottom quadrant of each section of the pipe. Excavate
bell holes to the necessary size at each joint or coupling to eliminate
point bearing.
3.2.5.2 Removal of Unyielding Material
Where unyielding material is encountered in the bottom of the trench,
remove such material 4 inches below the required grade or in accordance
with manufacturer's instructions, whichever is greater. Replace with
select granular materials as provided in paragraph TRENCH BACKFILL.
3.2.5.3 Removal of Unstable Material
Where unstable material is encountered in the bottom of the trench, remove
such material to the depth directed and replace it to the proper grade
with select granular material as provided in paragraph TRENCH BACKFILL.
When removal of unstable material is required due to the Contractor's
fault or neglect in performing the work, the Contractor is responsible for
excavating the resulting material and replacing it without additional cost
to the Government.
3.2.5.4 Excavation for Appurtenances
Provide excavation for manholes, catch-basins, inlets, or similar
structures of sufficient size to permit the placement and removal of forms
for the full length and width of structure footings and foundations as
shown. Remove thin strata or loose debris from trench and cut to a firm
surface either level, stepped, or serrated. When concrete or masonry is
to be placed in an excavated area, take special care not to disturb the
bottom of the excavation. Do not excavate to the final grade level until
just before the concrete or masonry is to be placed.
3.2.6 Underground Utilities
The Contractor is responsible for movement of construction machinery and
equipment over pipes and utilities during construction. Support uncovered
lines or other existing work affected by the contract excavation until
approval for backfill is granted by the Contracting Officer. Report
damage to utility lines or subsurface construction immediately to the
Contracting Officer.
3.2.7 Structural Excavation
Ensure that footing subgrades have been inspected and approved by the
Contracting Officer prior to concrete placement.
3.3 SELECTION OF BORROW MATERIAL
Select borrow material to meet the requirements and conditions of the
particular fill or embankment for which it is to be used. Obtain borrow
material from the approved borrow site. Unless otherwise provided in the
contract, the Contractor is responsible for obtaining the right to procure
material, pay royalties and other charges involved, and bear the expense
of developing the sources, including rights-of-way for hauling from the
owners. Unless specifically provided, do not obtain borrow within the
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limits of the project site without prior written approval. Consider
necessary clearing, grubbing, and satisfactory drainage of borrow pits and
the disposal of debris thereon related operations to the borrow excavation.
3.4 SHORING
3.4.1 General Requirements
Submit a Shoring and Sheeting plan for approval 15 days prior to starting
work. Submit drawings and calculations, certified by a registered
professional engineer, describing the methods for shoring and sheeting of
excavations. Finish shoring, including sheet piling, and install as
necessary to protect workmen, banks, adjacent paving, structures, and
utilities. Remove shoring, bracing, and sheeting as excavations are
backfilled, in a manner to prevent caving.
3.4.2 Geotechnical Engineer
Hire a Professional Geotechnical Engineer to provide inspection of
excavations and soil/groundwater conditions throughout construction. The
Geotechnical Engineer is responsible for performing pre-construction and
periodic site visits throughout construction to assess site conditions.
The Geotechnical Engineer is responsible for updating the excavation,
sheeting and dewatering plans as construction progresses to reflect
changing conditions and submit an updated plan if necessary. Submit a
monthly written report, informing the Contractor and Contracting Officer
of the status of the plan and an accounting of the Contractor's adherence
to the plan addressing any present or potential problems. The Contracting
Officer is responsible for arranging meetings with the Geotechnical
Engineer at any time throughout the contract duration. The Contractor's
Geotechnical Engineer is required to be preset during any proofrolling
activities.
3.5 GRADING AREAS
Place and grade stockpiles of satisfactory, unsatisfactory, and waste
materials as necessary throughout construction. Keep stockpiles in a neat
and well drained condition, giving due consideration to drainage at all
times. Clear, grub, and seal by rubber-tired equipment, the ground
surface at stockpile locations; separately stockpile excavated
satisfactory and unsatisfactory materials. Protect stockpiles of
satisfactory materials from contamination which may destroy the quality
and fitness of the stockpiled material. If the Contractor fails to
protect the stockpiles, and any material becomes unsatisfactory, remove
and replace such material with satisfactory material from approved sources.
3.6 FINAL GRADE OF SURFACES TO SUPPORT CONCRETE
Do not excavate to final grade until just before concrete is to be
placed. Roughen the level surfaces, and cut the sloped surfaces, as
indicated, into rough steps or benches to provide a satisfactory bond.
Protect shales from slaking and all surfaces from erosion resulting from
ponding or water flow.
3.7 GROUND SURFACE PREPARATION
3.7.1 General Requirements
Ground surface on which fill is to be placed shall be:
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stripped of live, dead, or decayed vegetation, rubbish, debris, and
other unsatisfactory material;
plowed, disked, or otherwise broken up to a depth of 6 to 8 inches;
pulverized; moistened or aerated as necessary to plus or minus 2.5
percent of optimum moisture;
thoroughly mixed;
and compacted to a density as specified in paragraph FILLING AND
BACKFILLING.
Compaction shall be accomplished by sheepsfoot rollers, pneumatic-tired
rollers, steel-wheeled rollers, vibratory compactors, or other approved
equipment well suited to the type of material being compacted.
The prepared ground surface shall be scarified and moistened or aerated as
required just prior to placement of backfill materials to ensure adequate
bond between backfill material and the prepared ground surface.
3.7.2 Frozen Material
Do not place material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost.
3.8 UTILIZATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS
Use satisfactory material, removed from excavations, insofar as
practicable, in the construction of fills, embankments, subgrades,
shoulders, bedding (as backfill), and for similar purposes. Do not waste
satisfactory excavated material without specific written authorization.
Dispose of satisfactory material, authorized to be wasted, and
unsatisfactory material in approved offsite areas developed by the
Contractor. Contractor is responsible for erosion and sediment control at
offsite areas. Submit procedures and locations for disposal of unused
satisfactory material. Submit advanced notice on the opening of
excavations.
3.9 BURIED DETECTABLE WARNING TAPE
Provide buried utility lines with detectable warning tape. Bury tape 1.5
feet below finished grade; under pavements and slabs, bury tape 1 foot
below top of subgrade.
3.10 MOISTURE CONTENT
Satisfactory materials in each layer of fill shall contain the amount of
moisture within the limits specified below. Materials that are not within
the specified limits after compaction shall be reworked regardless of
density. The moisture content after compaction shall be as uniform as
practicable throughout any one layer and shall be within the limits of 2
percentage points above optimum moisture content and 2 percentage points
below optimum moisture content as allowed in ASTM D1557. Materials which
are too wet shall be disked, harrowed, plowed, bladed, or otherwise
manipulated to reduce the moisture content to within the specified
limits. Materials which are too dry shall be broken up, sprinkled, and
thoroughly mixed to bring the moisture content uniformly up to within
specified limits of moisture content specified above, the Contractor shall
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either adjust the moisture content to bring it within the specified limits
or remove it from the fill.
3.11 FILLING AND BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION
3.11.1 General
Filling and backfilling shall not begin until construction below finish
grade has been approved, underground utilities systems have been
inspected, tested and approved, forms removed and the excavation cleaned
of trash and debris. Backfill shall not be placed in areas that are wet,
muddy, contain organic materials or are otherwise unacceptable to the
Contracting Officer. Satisfactory materials shall be used in bringing
fills and backfills to the lines and grades indicated and for replacing
unsatisfactory materials. Where pipe and/or utility lines are coated or
wrapped for protection against corrosion, the backfill material up to an
elevation of 2 feet above sewer lines and 1 foot above other utility lines
shall be free from stones larger than 1 inch in any dimension.
3.11.2 Placement
Satisfactory materials shall be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding
6 inches in loose thickness, or 4 inches in loose thickness where
hand-operated compactors are used. After placing, each layer shall be
plowed, disked, or otherwise broken up, moistened or aerated as necessary,
thoroughly mixed and compacted as specified. Backfill shall be brought to
the indicated finish grade. Heavy equipment for spreading and compacting
backfill shall not be operated closer to foundation or retaining walls
than a distance equal to the height of backfill above the top of footing;
the area remaining shall be compacted in layers not more than 4 inches in
loose thickness with power-driven hand tampers suitable for the material
being compacted. Backfill shall be placed carefully around pipes or tanks
to avoid damage to coatings, wrappings, or tanks. Backfill shall not be
placed against foundation walls prior to 7 days after completion. Each
layer shall be thoroughly and uniformly blended throughout its entire
thickness.
3.11.3 Compaction
Compaction shall be accomplished by sheepsfoot roller, pneumatic-tired
rollers, smooth-drum vibratory rollers or other approved equipment well
suited to the soil being compacted. Generally, sheepsfoot rollers are
best suited for compacting cohesive material while smooth-drum vibratory
rollers are best suited for compacting cohesionless materials. In areas
inaccessible to heavy equipment, or where in the opinion of the
Contracting Officer, use of heavy equipment may cause damage to pipes,
conduits, or structures, approved power-driven hand tampers suitable for
the material being compacted shall be used. Each layer of fill and
backfill shall be compacted to not less than the percentage of maximum dry
density specified below.
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Fill, Embankment, and Backfill Percent Laboratory
Maximum Dry Density
In trenches and except the top 12 inches
beneath structures and building slabs to
10 feet beyond building and structure
line.
92
Beneath paved areas, except top 12
inches.
92
Top 12 inches beneath structures and
paved areas.
95
Within the geosynthetic-reinforced zone
behind retaining walls.
92
Beneath shoulders.90
Base course beneath paved areas.100
Approved compacted subgrades that are disturbed by the Contractor's
operations or adverse weather shall be scarified and recompacted to the
required density prior to further construction thereon. Recompaction over
underground utilities and heating lines shall be by hand tamping. For
compacted subgrades and/or any lift of fill or backfill that fails to meet
the specified density and/or moisture requirements, the entire subgrade
and/or entire lift of fill shall be broken up to a minimum depth of 6
inches, pulverized, the moisture content adjusted as necessary, and
recompacted to the specified density, even if this action requires the
removal and replacement of subsequently placed satisfactory lifts of
fill. Tests on recompacted areas shall be performed to determine
conformance with specification requirements. Lifts of fill placed without
being field density tested will not be accepted as satisfactory under any
circumstances.
3.12 BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS
3.12.1 Trench Backfill
Trenches shall be backfilled to the grade shown. The trench shall be
backfilled to 2 feet above the top of pipe prior to performing the
required pressure tests. The joints and couplings shall be left uncovered
during the pressure test. The trench shall not be backfilled until all
specified tests are performed.
3.12.1.1 Replacement of Unyielding Material
Replace unyielding material removed from the bottom of the trench with
select granular material or initial backfill material.
3.12.1.2 Replacement of Unstable Material
Replace unstable material removed from the bottom of the trench or
excavation with select granular material placed in layers not exceeding a
loose thickness of 4 inches for hand-operated equipment and 8 inches for
mechanically-operated equipment..
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3.12.1.3 Initial Backfill
Initial backfill material shall be placed and compacted with approved
tampers to a height of at least 1 foot above the utility pipe or conduit.
The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe for the
full length of the pipe. Care shall be taken to ensure thorough
compaction of the fill under the haunches of the pipe.
3.12.1.4 Final Backfill
Fill the remainder of the trench, except for special materials for
roadways, with satisfactory material. Place backfill material and compact
as follows:
a. Roadways: Place backfill up to the required elevation as specified
and compacted to the maximum dry density as shown in paragraph
COMPACTION. Do not permit water flooding or jetting methods of
compaction.
b. Sidewalks, Turfed or Seeded Areas and Miscellaneous Areas: Deposit
backfill in layers of a maximum of 12 inches loose thickness, and
compact it to the maximum dry density as shown in the paragraph 3.11.3
COMPACTION above. Do not permit compaction by water flooding or
jetting. Apply this requirement to all other areas not specifically
designated above.
3.12.2 Backfill for Appurtenances
After the manhole, catch basin, inlet, or similar structures have been
constructed, place backfill in such a manner that the structures will not
be damaged by the shock of falling earth. Deposit the backfill material,
compact it as specified for final backfill, and bring up the backfill
evenly on all sides of the structure to prevent eccentric loading and
excessive stress.
3.13 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
Special requirements for both excavation and backfill relating to the
specific utilities are as follows:
3.13.1 Water Lines
Excavate trenches to a depth that provides a minimum cover of 3 feet from
the existing ground surface, or from the indicated finished grade,
whichever is lower, to the top of the pipe.
3.13.2 Electrical Distribution System
Provide a minimum cover of 24 inches from the finished grade to direct
burial cable and conduit or duct line, unless otherwise indicated.
3.14 EARTH EMBANKMENTS
Earth embankments shall be constructed from satisfactory materials free of
organic or frozen material and rocks with any dimension greater than 3
inches. The material shall be placed in successive horizontal layers of
loose material not more than 6 inches in depth. Each layer shall be
spread uniformly on a soil surface that has been moistened or aerated as
necessary, and scarified or otherwise broken up so that the fill will bond
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with the surface on which it is placed.
After spreading, each layer shall be plowed, disked, or otherwise broken
up; moistened or aerated as necessary; thoroughly mixed; and compacted to
the appropriate percent laboratory maximum dry density as shown in
Paragraph COMPACTION.
3.15 SUBGRADE PREPARATION
3.15.1 Proof Rolling
Proof rolling shall be done on an exposed subgrade free of surface water
(wet conditions resulting from rainfall) which would promote degradation
of an otherwise acceptable subgrade. After stripping, proof roll the
existing subgrade of all areas to remain at grade or to receive structural
fill with a loaded tandem axle dump truck or similar rubber-tired
equipment in the presence of the Contracting Officer's Representative (COR)
and the Contractor's Geotechnical Engineer. Cut areas shall be proof
rolled once rough subgrade has been reached. Soils which are observed to
rut or deflect excessively under the moving loads shall be stabilized as
directed.
3.15.2 Construction
Subgrade shall be shaped to line, grade, and cross section, and compacted
as specified. This operation shall include plowing, disking, and any
moistening or aerating required to obtain specified compaction. Materials
shall be moistened or aerated as necessary to plus or minus 2 percent of
optimum moisture. Soft or otherwise unsatisfactory material shall be
removed and replaced with satisfactory excavated material or other
approved material as directed. Low areas resulting from removal of
unsatisfactory material shall be brought up to required grade with
satisfactory materials, and the entire subgrade shall be shaped to line,
grade, and cross section and compacted as specified. When the subgrade is
in cut, the top 6 inches of subgrade shall be scarified, windrowed,
moistened or aerated as necessary to plus or minus 2 percent of optimum
moisture, thoroughly blended, reshaped, and compacted. The elevation of
the finish subgrade shall not vary more than 0.05 foot from the
established grade and cross section.
3.15.2.1 Pavement Subgrades
The subsurface investigation indicates that very loose and loose soils
may be encountered at shallow depths of the subsurface at some locations
on the project site. These soils, in their current loose condition, are
unable to support the anticipated loads from paved surfaces and fill
material without experiencing excessive settlement. After stripping and
grading operations in parking and drive areas, stabilize any remaining
loose soils by undercutting and replacing with suitable compacted fill
materials as directed by the Contracting Officer's Representative (COR).
Undercut materials will be suitable for re-use as compacted fill if they
are free of organics or otherwise deleterious materials and if their
moisture content is within a suitable range to achieve adequate
compaction. Backfilling shall be in accordance with paragraphs 3.11.2
Placement and 3.11.3 Compaction of this specification 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
3.15.2.2 Building Pad Subgrades
During the subsurface investigation, very loose and loose sandy soils were
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encountered in several borings performed onsite. Thoroughly check ALL
foundation subgrades to a depth of 24 inches below the exposed subgrade to
ensure the soils achieve the prescribed bearing capacity for the
respective buildings as indicated in the table below. If loose materials
hinder the footing excavations from achieving the required bearing
capacity, remove the material up to a depth of two feet, and replace with
suitable backfill material at the direction of the COR. Additionally,
following all demolition, clearing and grubbing, and cut operations within
the southern portion of the footprint of Building II and the entire
footprint of Building III indicated on plates B-101 and B-100, any
in-place loose soils shall be excavated to firm bearing. The bases of the
excavations (not expected to extend past an approximate elevation of 435
feet msl), shall extend a minimum of 10 feet beyond the limits of the
buildings' footprints, and the excavations shall taper to the surface with
a 3H:1V slope. Excavations shall be performed in accordance with the most
current version of EM 385-1-1 and OSHA 29 CFR 1926.652. After all
undercutting operations, the newly exposed subgrades shall be compacted to
the required density for subgrades upon which fill material is to be
placed and the COR shall be provided confirmation from the Contractor's
independent testing laboratory that the base and sides of the excavation
are free of loose or soft materials and ready to receive fill. The
exposed, compacted excavation subgrades may then be backfilled in
accordance with paragraphs 3.11.2 Placement and 3.11.3 Compaction.
Excavated soils may be used as backfill if they are free of organics and
other deleterious materials, and their moisture content is within a
suitable range to achieve the required compaction.
Structure Prescribed Soil
Bearing Capacity (psf)
Special requirements
Building I 3,000 NA
Building II 2,500 Undercut 5 to 7 feet
below FFE (down to
approximate elev. 435 -
approximately 3,800
cubic yards)
Building III 2,000 Undercut 4 to 6 feet
beneath entire footprint
(elevation of bottom of
excavation ranges from
439 to 443 -
approximately 8,300
cubic yards)
3.15.3 Compaction
3.15.3.1 Subgrade for Pavements
Compact subgrade for pavements to the maximum dry density as shown in
paragraph 3.11.3 COMPACTION.
3.15.3.2 Subgrade for Shoulders
Compact subgrade for shoulders to the maximum dry density as shown in
paragraph 3.11.3 COMPACTION.
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3.16 SHOULDER CONSTRUCTION
Shoulders shall be constructed of satisfactory excavated or borrow
material or as otherwise shown or specified. Shoulders shall be
constructed as soon as possible after adjacent paving is complete, but in
the case of rigid pavements, shoulders shall not be constructed until
permission of the Contracting Officer has been obtained. The entire
shoulder area shall be compacted to at least the percentage of maximum dry
density as specified in paragraph COMPACTION. Shoulder construction shall
be done in proper sequence in such a manner that adjacent ditches will be
drained effectively and that no damage of any kind is done to the adjacent
completed pavement. The completed shoulders shall be true to alignment
and grade and shaped to drain in conformity with the cross section shown.
3.17 FINISHING
Finish the surface of excavations, embankments, and subgrades to a smooth
and compact surface in accordance with the lines, grades, and cross
sections or elevations shown. Provide the degree of finish for graded
areas within 0.1 foot of the grades and elevations indicated except that
the degree of finish for subgrades specified in paragraph SUBGRADE
PREPARATION. Finish gutters and ditches in a manner that will result in
effective drainage. Finish the surface of areas to be turfed from
settlement or washing to a smoothness suitable for the application of
turfing materials. Repair graded, topsoiled, or backfilled areas prior to
acceptance of the work, and re-established grades to the required
elevations and slopes.
3.17.1 Subgrade and Embankments
During construction, keep embankments and excavations shaped and drained.
Maintain ditches and drains along subgrade to drain effectively at all
times. Do not disturb the finished subgrade by traffic or other
operation. Protect and maintain the finished subgrade in a satisfactory
condition until ballast, subbase, base, or pavement is placed. Do not
permit the storage or stockpiling of materials on the finished subgrade.
Do not lay subbase, base course, ballast, or pavement until the subgrade
has been checked and approved, and in no case place subbase, base,
surfacing, pavement, or ballast on a muddy, spongy, or frozen subgrade.
3.17.2 Capillary Water Barrier
Place a capillary water barrier under concrete floor and area-way
slabs-on- grade directly on the subgrade and compact with a minimum of two
passes of a hand-operated plate-type vibratory compactor.
3.17.3 Grading Around Structures
Construct areas within 10 feet outside of each building and structure line
true-to-grade, shape to drain, and maintain free of trash and debris until
final inspection has been completed and the work has been accepted.
3.18 PLACING TOPSOIL
On areas to receive topsoil, prepare the compacted subgrade soil to a
2-inch depth for bonding of topsoil with subsoil. Spread topsoil evenly
to a thickness of 8 inches and grade to the elevations and slopes shown.
Do not spread topsoil when frozen or excessively wet or dry. Obtain
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material required for topsoil in excess of that produced by excavation
within the grading limits from offsite areas.
3.19 TESTING
Perform testing at no additional cost to the Government. Tests shall be
performed by an approved commercial testing laboratory submit the
qualifications of the Government's validated commercial testing laboratory
or the Contractor's Government-validated testing facilities. Field
in-place density shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D1556,
ASTM D6938, and ASTM D2937. When test results indicate that compaction is
not as specified, the material shall be removed, replaced, and recompacted
to meet specification requirements. Tests on recompacted areas shall be
performed to determine conformance with specification requirements.
Inspections and test results shall be certified by a commercial testing
laboratory and approved by a registered professional civil engineer.
These certifications shall state that the tests and observations were
performed by or under the direct supervision of the engineer and that the
results are representative of the materials or conditions being certified
by the tests. The following number of tests, if performed at the
appropriate time, will be the minimum acceptable for each type operation.
3.19.1 Fill and Backfill Material Gradation, Classification, and Moisture
Content
Gradation of fill and backfill material shall be determined in accordance
with ASTM D422 and ASTM D1140, without hydrometer. Liquid limit and
plasticity index shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D4318.
Classification of soils shall be in accordance with ASTM D2487. Moisture
content shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D2216.
3.19.2 Compaction
Compaction tests shall be performed by the test procedure presented in
ASTM D1557. Adequate testing shall be conducted to establish at least
five points with at least one point falling within plus or minus 2.0
percentage points of the plotted optimum moisture content.
3.19.3 Test Required on Material Prior to Placement
3.19.3.1 General
All material from required excavations and borrow shall be tested prior to
incorporation into the permanent work. The tests shall be performed on
samples representative of the various materials to be utilized. Samples
shall be carefully selected to represent the full range of materials to be
used as fill and/or backfill. The following minimum number of tests shall
be performed on the materials prior to the placement of the materials in
the work. Additional tests of these types shall be performed when
materials of different classification or compaction characteristics are
encountered to determine the properties of the materials. The Contracting
Officer reserves the right to direct additional testing as required.
3.19.3.2 Classification Tests
Classification tests shall be performed to determine the acceptability of
materials in accordance with paragraph MATERIALS. Such tests on materials
proposed for use as fill and/or backfill shall be performed prior to their
use. Sufficient classification tests shall be performed to define the
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full range of all materials proposed for use. A minimum of two
classification tests shall be performed on each material classified as
satisfactory for use. The Contracting Officer may at any time require
additional classification tests to confirm material acceptability.
3.19.3.3 Compaction Tests
Compaction tests shall be performed prior to commencement of construction
in order to determine the moisture-density relationships of all
satisfactory materials proposed for use as fill and/or backfill. For each
compaction test performed, an associated or companion classification test
and moisture content test shall be performed. Compaction tests shall be
performed in sufficient number to establish the full range of maximum dry
density and optimum water content. A minimum of 8 compaction tests shall
be performed on materials classified as satisfactory for use. Samples for
these tests shall not be obtained from the same locations. The
Contracting Officer reserves the right to direct where samples for
additional compaction tests are obtained. In the event that the
compaction characteristics of materials having the same classification
vary appreciably, additional compaction tests shall be performed.
3.19.3.4 Moisture Content Tests
Moisture content tests shall be performed on all materials proposed for
use as fill and/or backfill to determine their suitability for use in
accordance with paragraph Moisture Content. Moisture content tests shall
be performed in sufficient number to determine the full range of moisture
contents. Moisture content test shall be performed for each compaction
test and as required to determine acceptability of material prior to
placement. Not less than two moisture content tests shall be performed on
each material classified as satisfactory for use.
3.19.4 Tests Required During Placement
3.19.4.1 In-Place Density Tests for General Earthwork
One density test shall be performed for each 12,500 square feet, or
portion thereof, for pavements, of compacted native soil subgrade and
in each lift of compacted structural fill.
Density tests shall be performed at 100-foot intervals along roadway
subgrades.
Density test shall be performed for each 100 linear feet of backfill
placed per 6 inch loose lift in the geosynthetic-reinforced zone
behind mechanically stabilized earth retaining walls.
Where other areas are compacted separately by manually operated
compactors, a minimum of one density test shall be performed for every
250 square feet, or portion thereof, of fill placed per foot of depth.
3.19.4.2 In-Place Tests for Buildings
Acceptance of the compacted materials shall be determined by the results
of field in-place density tests. Density tests in randomly selected
locations shall be performed in the material and at the minimum frequency
specified below:
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Material Type Location of Material Minimum of Test Frequency
Fill, embankment, and
backfill
Beneath structures, to the
10-foot building line
One test per lift per each
increment or fraction of
3,500 square feet
Fill and backfill Areas beside structures,
footings, walls, and areas
enclosed by grade beams
that are compacted by
hand-operated compaction
equipment
One test per foot of depth
per each increment or
fraction of 200 square feet,
or for each 50 linear feet or
long, narrow (less than 3
feet wide) fills
Subgrade (native soils)Under building slabs on
grade and paved areas
One test per each increment
or fraction of 3,500 square
feet
Subgrade (native soils)Under footings One test per every fifth
column footing and for each
increment or fraction of 75
linear feet of wall footings
3.19.4.3 In-Place Density Tests for Utility Systems
Tests shall be performed in sufficient numbers to ensure that the
specified density is being obtained. A minimum of one field density test
per lift of backfill for every 150 linear feet, or fraction thereof, of
installation shall be performed.
3.19.4.4 Moisture Content
In the stockpile(s), excavation, or borrow areas, a minimum of two tests,
each with a one-point or two-point compaction test, shall be performed per
day per type of material or source of material being placed during stable
weather conditions. During unstable weather, tests shall be made as
dictated by the local conditions to ensure the moisture content of the
placed materials is within the specified limits.
3.19.4.5 Time and Location of Tests
The Government reserves the right to specify the location of any test.
Whenever there is doubt as to the adequacy of the testing or validity of
results, the Contracting Officer may direct that additional tests be
performed, at not additional cost to the Government. The field density
tests shall be performed at times and locations which will ensure the
specified compaction is being obtained throughout each lift for all
materials placed. Additional field density tests shall be performed in
areas where the Contracting Officer determines there is reason to doubt
the adequacy of the natural subgrade.
3.19.4.6 Field Density Control
The results of field density tests shall be compared to results of
compaction tests performed as required elsewhere in these specifications
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by the use of the appropriate procedures described in the following
paragraphs.
3.19.5 Compaction Control
For fine grained (clayey and silty) soils and for sands with appreciable
fines such that normal shaped compaction curves are obtained, results of
all compaction tests shall be plotted on a common plot as a family of
curves. For each field density test performed, a one-point compaction
test, with additional points as needed, shall be performed on the same
material on which the field density test was conducted. The one-point
compaction test shall be performed on the dry side of the optimum moisture
content. For comparison of field density data to the proper laboratory
compaction test results, the procedures for the one-point and/or two-point
compaction control methods as described in paragraph Compaction Procedure,
shall be used. Compaction curves plotted on the family of curves shall be
of such a scale that the optimum moisture content can be interpreted to
the nearest 0.1 percent and the maximum dry density can be interpreted to
the nearest( 0.5 pounds per cubic foot). When a one-point test plots
outside the range of the family of curves, an additional five-point
compaction test shall be performed.
3.19.6 Compaction Procedures
3.19.6.1 General
The following paragraphs describe methods of relating field density data
to desired or specified values. Compaction control of soils requires
comparison of fill water content and/or dry density values obtained in
field density tests with optimum water content and/or maximum dry
density. At a minimum, control shall be in accordance with the One-Point
Compaction Method. Where conditions require, the Two-Point Compaction
Method shall be used.
3.19.6.2 One-Point Compaction Method
The material from the field density test is allowed to dry to a water
content on the dry side of estimated optimum, and then compacted using the
same equipment and procedures used in the five-point compaction test.
Thorough mixing is required to obtain uniform drying; otherwise, results
obtained may be erroneous. The water content and dry density of the
compacted sample are determined and then used to estimate its optimum
water content and maximum dry density as illustrated in Figure 1 at the
end of this section. In Figure 1, the line of optimums is well defined
and the compaction curves are approximately parallel to each other,
consequently, the one-point compaction method could be used with a
relatively high degree of confidence. However, in Figure 2 at the end of
this section, the curves are not parallel to each other and in several
instances will cross if extended on the dry side. Consequently, the
correct curve cannot be determined from the one-point method; therefore,
the two-point compaction method shall be used. The one-point method shall
be used only when the data define a relatively good line of optimums.
3.19.6.3 Two-Point Compaction Method
In the two-point test, one sample of material from the location of the
field density test is compacted at the fill water content if thought to be
at or on the dry side of optimum water content (otherwise, reduced by
drying to this condition) using the same equipment and procedures used in
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the five-point compaction test. A second sample of material is allowed to
dry back about 2 to 3 percentage points dry of the water content of the
first sample and then compacted in the same manner. At least one point
shall fall within 3 percent of the line of optimum. After compaction, the
water contents and dry densities for the two samples are determined. The
results are used to identify the appropriate compaction curve for the
material being tested as shown in Figure 2 at the end of this section.
The data shown in Figure 2 warrant the use of the two-point compaction
test because the five-point compaction curves are not parallel. Using
point A only, as in the one-point test method, would result in appreciable
error as the shape of the curve would not be defined. The estimated
compaction curve can be more accurately defined by two compaction points.
3.19.7 Displacement of Sewers
After other required tests have been performed and the trench backfill
compacted to the finished grade surface, inspect the pipe to determine
whether significant displacement has occurred. Conduct this inspection in
the presence of the Contracting Officer. Inspect pipe sizes larger than
36 inches, while inspecting smaller diameter pipe by shining a light or
laser between manholes or manhole locations, or by the use of television
cameras passed through the pipe. If, in the judgment of the Contracting
Officer, the interior of the pipe shows poor alignment or any other
defects that would cause improper functioning of the system, replace or
repair the defects as directed at no additional cost to the Government.
3.20 DISPOSITION OF SURPLUS MATERIAL
Surplus material or other soil material not required or suitable for
filling or backfilling, and brush, refuse, stumps, roots, and timber shall
be removed from Government property. Locations shall be approved by the
Contracting Officer.
3.21 PROTECTION
Settlement or washing that occurs in graded, topsoiled, or backfilled
areas prior to acceptance of the work, shall be repaired and grades
reestablished to the required elevations and slopes.
-- End of Section --
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SECTION 31 05 22.00 06
GEOTEXTILES USED AS FILTERS
08/08
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM D 123 (2009e1) Terminology Relating to Textiles
ASTM D 4354 (1999; R 2009) Sampling of Geosynthetics
for Testing
ASTM D 4355 (2007) Deterioration of Geotextiles from
Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a
Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus
ASTM D 4491 (1999a; R 2009) Water Permeability of
Geotextiles by Permittivity
ASTM D 4533 (2004; R 2009) Trapezoid Tearing Strength
of Geotextiles
ASTM D 4632 (2008) Grab Breaking Load and Elongation
of Geotextiles
ASTM D 4751 (2004) Determining Apparent Opening Size
of a Geotextile
ASTM D 4759 (2002; R 2007) Determining the
Specification Conformance of Geosynthetics
ASTM D 4833 (2007) Index Puncture Resistance of
Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related
Products
ASTM D 4873 (2002; R 2009) Identification, Storage,
and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and
Samples
ASTM D 4884 (2009) Strength of Sewn or Thermally
Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
1.2 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
SECTION 31 05 22.00 06 Page 1
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Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. Submit the following in accordance
with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-04 Samples
Geotextile
Geotextile samples for testing, if requested, to determine
compliance with the requirements in this specification, a minimum
of 20 days prior to the beginning of installation of the same
textile. Upon delivery of the geotextile, submit duplicate copies
of the written certificate of compliance signed by a legally
authorized official of the manufacturer. The certificate shall
state that the geotextile shipped to the site meets the chemical
requirements and exceeds the minimum average roll value listed in
TABLE 1. Upon request, supply quality control and quality
assurance tests for the geotextile. Provide all samples from the
same production lot as will be supplied for the contract, of the
full manufactured width of the geotextile by at least 10 feet
long, except that samples for seam strength may be a full width
sample folded over and the edges stitched for a length of at least
5 feet. Samples submitted for testing shall be identified by
manufacturers lot designation. For needle punched geotextile, the
manufacturer shall certify that the geotextile has been inspected
using permanent on-line metal detectors and does not contain any
needles.
SD-07 Certificates
Geotextile
Manufacturer's certification of the geotextile material. A
minimum of 20 days prior to scheduled use, all brands of
geotextile and all seams to be used will be accepted on the basis
of mill certificates or affidavits. Submit duplicate copies of
the mill certificate or affidavit signed by a legally authorized
official from the company manufacturing the geotextile. The mill
certificate or affidavit shall attest that the geotextile meets
the chemical, physical and manufacturing requirements stated in
this specification.For needle punched geotextiles, the
manufacturer shall also certify that the geotextile has been continuously
inspected using permanent on-line full-width metal detectors and does not
contain any needles which could damage other geosynthetic layers.
1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
All geotextile shall be labeled, shipped, stored, and handled in
accordance with ASTM D 4873.
1.3.1 Delivery
Notify the Contracting Officer a minimum of 24 hours prior to delivery
and unloading of geotextile rolls packaged in an opaque, waterproof,
protective plastic wrapping. The plastic wrapping shall not be removed
until deployment. If quality assurance samples are collected, immediately
rewrap rolls with the plastic wrapping. Geotextile or plastic wrapping
damaged during storage or handling shall be repaired or replaced, as
directed. Label each roll with the manufacturer's name, geotextile type,
roll number, roll dimensions (length, width, gross weight), and date
SECTION 31 05 22.00 06 Page 2
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manufactured.
1.3.2 Storage
Protect rolls of geotextile from construction equipment, chemicals, sparks
and flames, temperatures in excess of 160 degrees F, or any other
environmental condition that may damage the physical properties of the
geotextile. To protect geotextile from becoming saturated, either elevate
rolls off the ground or place them on a sacrificial sheet of plastic in an
area where water will not accumulate.
1.4.3 Handling
Handle and unload geotextile rolls with load carrying straps, a fork lift
with a stinger bar, or an axial bar assembly. Rolls shall not be dragged
along the ground, lifted by one end, or dropped to the ground.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Geotextile
2.1.1.1 General
Provide geotextile that is a non-woven pervious sheet of plastic yarn as
defined by ASTM D 123 matching or exceeding the minimum average roll
values listed in TABLE 1. Strength values indicated in the table are for
the weaker principal direction.
TABLE 1
MINIMUM PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DRAINAGE GEOTEXTILE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROPERTY UNITS ACCEPTABLE VALUES TEST METHOD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAP STRENGTH lb 200 ASTM D 4632
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SEAM STRENGTH lb 160 ASTM D 4632
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PUNCTURE lb 125 ASTM D 4833
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRAPEZOID TEAR lb 75 ASTM D 4533
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERMEABILITY cm/sec .004 ASTM D 4491
------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPARENT OPENING
SIZE U.S. SIEVE 80 ASTM D 4751
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ULTRAVIOLET
DEGRADATION Percent 500 AT 500 Hrs ASTM D 4355
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1.1.2 Geotextile Fiber
Fibers used in the manufacturing of the geotextile shall consist of a
long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85 percent by weight of
polyolefins, polyesters, or polamides. Add stabilizers and/or inhibitors
to the base polymer, if necessary to make the filaments resistant to
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deterioration caused by ultraviolet light and heat exposure. Reclaimed or
recycled fibers or polymer shall not be added to the formulation.
Geotextile shall be formed into a network such that the filaments or yarns
retain dimensional stability relative to each other, including the edges.
Finish the edges of the geotextile to prevent the outer fiber from pulling
away from the geotextile.
2.1.2 Seams
Sew the seams of the geotextile with thread of a material meeting the
chemical requirements given above for geotextile yarn. Attach the sheets
of geotextile at the factory or another approved location. Test seams in
accordance with method ASTM D 4884. The strength of the seam shall be not
less than 90 percent of the required grab tensile strength of the unaged
geotextile in any principal direction.
2.2 INSPECTIONS, VERIFICATIONS, AND TESTING
2.2.1 Manufacturing Quality Control Sampling and Testing
The Manufacturer is responsible for establishing and maintaining a quality
control program to assure compliance with the requirements of the
specification. Documentation describing the quality control program shall
be made available upon request. Perform manufacturing quality control
sampling and testing in accordance with the manufacturer's approved
quality control manual. As a minimum, geotextiles shall be randomly
sampled for testing in accordance with ASTM D 4354, Procedure A.
Acceptance of geotextile shall be in accordance with ASTM D 4759. Tests
not meeting the specified requirements will result in the rejection of
applicable rolls.
2.2.2 Site Verification and Testing
Provide assistance to the Contracting Officer in the collection of quality
assurance samples in accordance with ASTM D 4354. Collect samples upon
delivery to the site for quality assurance testing at the request of the
Contracting Officer. Identify samples with a waterproof marker by
manufacturers name, type of geotextile, lot number, roll number, and
machine direction. The date and a unique sample number shall also be
noted on the sample. The Contracting Officer will provide quality
assurance samples to an Independent Laboratory. Samples will be tested to
verify that geotextile meets the requirements specified in Table 1. Test
method ASTM D 4355 shall not be performed on the collected samples.
Geotextile product acceptance shall be based on ASTM D 4759. Tests not
meeting the specified requirements will result in the rejection of
applicable rolls. Rolls which are sampled shall be immediately rewrapped
in their protective covering.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 SURFACE PREPARATION
The surface underlying the geotextile shall be smooth and free of ruts or
protrusions which could damage the geotextile. Remove any irregularities
so as to ensure continuous, intimate contact of the geotextile with all
the surface. Subgrade materials and compaction requirements shall be in
accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
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3.2 INSTALLATION OF THE GEOTEXTILE
3.2.1 General
Notify the Contracting Officer a minimum of 24 hours prior to installation
of geotextile. Place the geotextile in the manner and at the locations
shown in contract documents. At the time of installation, reject the
geotextile if it has defects, rips, holes, tensile stresses, folds,
wrinkles, deterioration or damage incurred during manufacture,
transportation or storage. On slopes steeper than 10 horizontal on 1
vertical, lay the geotextile with the machine direction of the fabric
parallel to the slope direction.
3.2.2 Placement
Place the geotextile smooth and free of tension, stress, folds, wrinkles,
or creases. The geotextile shall be laid flat and smooth so that it is in
direct contact with the subgrade. Temporary pinning of the geotextile to
help hold it in place until the granular material is placed will be
allowed. Remove the temporary pins as the drainage layer granular material
is placed to relieve high tensile stress which may occur during placement
of material on the geotextile. Perform trimming in such a manner that the
geotextile is not damaged in any way.
3.3 PROTECTION
Protect the geotextile at all times during construction from contamination
by surface runoff; remove any geotextile so contaminated and replaced with
uncontaminated geotextile. Replace any geotextile damaged during its
installation or during placement of granular materials at no cost to the
Government. Schedule the work so that the covering of the geotextile with
a layer of the specified material is accomplished within 7 calendar days
after placement of the geotextile. Failure to comply shall require
replacement of geotextile. In no case shall any type of equipment be
allowed on the unprotected geotextile.
3.4 SEAMS
3.4.1 Overlap Seams
Continuously overlap geotextile panels a minimum of 18 inches at all
longitudinal and transverse joints. Where seams must be oriented across
the slope, lap the upper panel over the lower panel. Sewn seams may be
used instead of overlapped seams.
3.4.2 Sewn Seams
High strength thread should be used so that seam test conforms to
ASTM D 4884. The thread shall meet the chemical, ultraviolet, and
physical requirements of the geotextile, and the color shall be different
from that of the geotextile. The seam strength shall be equal to the
strength required for the geotextile in the direction across the seam.
Overlapping J-type seams are preferable over prayer-type seams as the
overlapping geotextile reduces the chance of openings to occur at the
seam. Use double sewing, specially for field seams, to provide a safety
factor against undetected missed stitches.
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3.5 REPAIRS
Repair torn or damaged geotextile. Clogged areas of geotextile shall be
removed. Perform repairs by placing a patch of the same type of
geotextile over the damaged area. The patch shall extend a minimum of 12
inches beyond the edge of the damaged area. Patches shall be continuously
fastened using approved methods. The machine direction of the patch shall
be aligned with the machine direction of the geotextile being repaired.
Remove and replace geotextile rolls which cannot be repaired. Repairs
shall be performed at no additional cost to the Government
3.6 COVERING
Do not cover geotextile prior to inspection and approval by the
Contracting Officer. Place cover stone in a manner that prevents soil
from entering the geotextile overlap zone, prevents tensile stress from
being mobilized in the geotextile, and prevents wrinkles from folding over
onto themselves. On side slopes, stone backfill shall be placed from the
bottom of the slope upward. Cover stone shall not be dropped onto the
geotextile from a height greater than 3 feet. No equipment shall be
operated directly on top of the geotextile without approval of the
Contracting Officer. Use equipment with ground pressures less than 7 psi
to place the first lift over the geotextile. A minimum of 6 inches of
stone shall be maintained between full-scale construction equipment and
the geotextile. Equipment placing cover stone shall not stop abruptly,
make sharp turns, spin their wheels, or travel at speeds exceeding 5 mph.
-- End of Section --
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SECTION 31 11 00
CLEARING AND GRUBBING
08/08
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. Submit the following in accordance
with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Nonsaleable Materials
SD-04 Samples
Tree wound paint
Herbicide; G
1.2 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Deliver materials to store at the site, and handle in a manner which will
maintain the materials in their original manufactured or fabricated
condition until ready for use.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 TREE WOUND PAINT
Submit samples in cans with manufacturer's label of bituminous based paint
of standard manufacture specially formulated for tree wounds.
2.2 HERBICIDE
Comply with Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (Title 7
U.S.C. Section 136) for requirements on Contractor's licensing,
certification and record keeping. Contact the command Pest Control
Coordinator prior to starting work. Submit samples in cans with
manufacturer's label.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 PROTECTION
3.1.1 Roads and Walks
Keep roads and walks free of dirt and debris at all times.
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3.1.2 Trees, Shrubs, and Existing Facilities
Trees and vegetation to be left standing shall be protected from damage
incident to clearing, grubbing, and construction operations by the
erection of barriers or by such other means as the circumstances require.
3.1.3 Utility Lines
Protect existing utility lines that are indicated to remain from damage.
Notify the Contracting Officer immediately of damage to or an encounter
with an unknown existing utility line. The Contractor is responsible for
the repairs of damage to existing utility lines that are indicated or made
known to the Contractor prior to start of clearing and grubbing
operations. When utility lines which are to be removed are encountered
within the area of operations, notify the Contracting Officer in ample
time to minimize interruption of the service.
3.2 CLEARING
Clearing shall consist of the felling, trimming, and cutting of trees into
sections and the satisfactory disposal of the trees and other vegetation
designated for removal, including downed timber, snags, brush, and rubbish
occurring within the areas to be cleared. Clearing shall also include the
removal and disposal of structures that obtrude, encroach upon, or
otherwise obstruct the work. Trees, stumps, roots, brush, and other
vegetation in areas to be cleared shall be cut off flush with or below the
original ground surface, except such trees and vegetation as may be
indicated or directed to be left standing. Trees designated to be left
standing within the cleared areas shall be trimmed of dead branches 1-1/2
inches or more in diameter and shall be trimmed of all branches the
heights indicated or directed. Limbs and branches to be trimmed shall be
neatly cut close to the bole of the tree or main branches. Cuts more than
1-1/2 inches in diameter shall be painted with an approved tree-wound
paint. Apply herbicide in accordance with the manufacturer's label to the
top surface of stumps designated not to be removed.
3.3 TREE REMOVAL
Where indicated or directed, trees and stumps that are designated as trees
shall be removed from areas outside those areas designated for clearing
and grubbing. This work shall include the felling of such trees and the
removal of their stumps and roots as specified in paragraph GRUBBING.
Trees shall be disposed of as specified in paragraph DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS.
3.4 PRUNING
Prune trees designated to be left standing within the cleared areas of
dead branches 1-1/2 inches or more in diameter; and trim branches to
heights and in a manner as indicated. Neatly cut limbs and branches to be
trimmed close to the bole of the tree or main branches. Paint cuts more
than 1-1/4 inches in diameter with an approved tree wound paint.
3.5 GRUBBING
Grubbing shall consist of the removal and disposal of stumps, roots larger
than 3 inches in diameter, and matted roots from the designated grubbing
areas. Material to be grubbed, together with logs and other organic or
metallic debris not suitable for foundation purposes, shall be removed to
a depth of not less than 18 inches below the original surface level of the
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ground in areas indicated to be grubbed and in areas indicated as
construction areas under this contract, such as areas for buildings, and
areas to be paved. Depressions made by grubbing shall be filled with
suitable material and compacted to make the surface conform with the
original adjacent surface of the ground.
3.6 DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS
3.6.1 Saleable Timber
The Government shall, by separate contract, harvest all saleable timber
from the project site. All remaining timber, limbs, tops, stumps, and
debris shall be cleared and disposed of by the Contractor as specified.
3.6.2 Nonsaleable Materials
Written permission to dispose of such products on private property shall
be filed with the Contracting Officer. Logs, stumps, roots, brush, rotten
wood, and other refuse from the clearing and grubbing operations, except
for salable timber, shall be disposed of outside the limits of
Government-controlled land at the Contractor's responsibility, except when
otherwise directed in writing. Such directive will state the conditions
covering the disposal of such products and will also state the areas in
which they may be placed. Burning of waste material on Government
controlled land shall not be allowed.
-- End of Section --
SECTION 31 11 00 Page 3
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SECTION 31 31 16
SOIL TREATMENT FOR SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE CONTROL
08/08
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
7 USC Section 136 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act
1.2 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. Submit the following in accordance
with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Termiticide Application Plan; G, RO
Termiticides
Foundation Exterior
Utilities and Vents
Crawl and Plenum Air Spaces
Verification of Measurement
Application Equipment
Warranty
SD-04 Samples
Termiticides
SD-06 Test Reports
Equipment Calibration and Tank Measurement
Soil Moisture
Quality Assurance
SD-07 Certificates
Qualifications
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
Comply with 7 USC Section 136 for requirements on Contractor's licensing,
certification, and record keeping. Maintain daily records using Pest
Management Maintenance Record, DD Form 1532-1 and submit copies of records
when requested by the Contracting Officer. These forms may be obtained by
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using the search engine and searching "WHS" for the form on the Defense
Technical Information Center (DTIC) main web site:
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/
Upon completion of this work, submit Pest Management Report DD Form 1532
signed by an officer of the Contractor,identifying target pest, type of
operation, brand name and manufacturer of pesticide, formulation,
concentration or rate of application used.
1.3.1 Qualifications
For the application of pesticides, use the services of a applicator whose
principal business is pest control. The applicator shall be licensed and
certified in the state where the work is to be performed. Termiticide
applicators shall also be certified in the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) pesticide applicator category which includes structural pest
control. Submit the qualifications and state license number of the
termiticide applicator.
1.3.2 Safety Requirements
Formulate, treat, and dispose of termiticides and their containers in
accordance with label directions. Draw water for formulating only from
sites designated by the Contracting Officer, and fit the filling hose with
a backflow preventer meeting local plumbing codes or standards. The
filling operation shall be under the direct and continuous observation of
a contractor's representative to prevent overflow. Secure pesticides and
related materials under lock and key when unattended. Ensure that proper
protective clothing and equipment are worn and used during all phases of
termiticide application. Dispose of used pesticide containers off
Government property.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.4.1 Delivery
Deliver termiticide material to the site in the original unopened
containers bearing legible labels indicating the EPA registration number
and manufacturer's registered uses. All other materials, to be used on
site for the purpose of termite control, shall be delivered in new or
otherwise good condition as supplied by the manufacturer or formulator.
1.4.2 Inspection
Inspect termiticides upon arrival at the job site for conformity to type
and quality in accordance with paragraph TERMITICIDES. Each label shall
bear evidence of registration under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended or under appropriate regulations
of the host county. Other materials shall be inspected for conformance
with specified requirements. Remove unacceptable materials from the job
site.
1.4.3 Storage
Store materials in designated areas and in accordance with manufacturer's
labels. Termiticides and related materials shall be kept under lock and
key when unattended.
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1.4.4 Handling
Observe manufacturer's warnings and precautions. Termiticides shall be
handled in accordance with manufacturer's labels, preventing contamination
by dirt, water, and organic material. Protect termiticides from sunlight
as recommended by the manufacturer.
1.5 SITE CONDITIONS
The following conditions will determine the time of application.
1.5.1 Soil Moisture
Soils to be treated shall be tested immediately before application. Test
soil moisture content to a minimum depth of 3 inches. The soil moisture
shall be as recommended by the termiticide manufacturer. The termiticide
will not be applied when soil moisture exceeds manufacturer's
recommendations because termiticides do not adhere to the soil particles
in saturated soils.
1.5.2 Runoff and Wind Drift
Do not apply termiticide during or immediately following heavy rains.
Applications shall not be performed when conditions may cause runoff or
create an environmental hazard. Applications shall not be performed when
average wind speed exceeds 10 miles per hour. The termiticide shall not
be allowed to enter water systems, aquifers, or endanger humans or animals.
1.5.2.1 Vapor Barriers and Waterproof Membranes
Termiticide shall be applied prior to placement of a vapor barrier or
waterproof membrane.
1.5.2.2 Utilities and Vents
Prior to application, HVAC ducts and vents located in treatment area shall
be turned off and blocked to protect people and animals from termiticide.
Submit written verification that utilities and vents have been located and
treated as specified.
1.5.3 Placement of Concrete
Place concrete covering treated soils as soon as the termiticide has
reached maximum penetration into the soil. Time for maximum penetration
shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.
1.6 WARRANTY
Submit a copy of Contractor's 5 -year written warranty against
infestations or reinfestations by subterranean termites of the buildings
or building additions constructed under this contract. Warranty shall
include annual inspections of the buildings or building additions. If
live subterranean termite infestation or subterranean termite damage is
discovered during the warranty period, and the soil and building
conditions have not been altered in the interim:
a. Retreat the soil and perform other treatment as may be necessary for
elimination of subterranean termite infestation;
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b. Repair damage caused by termite infestation; and
c. Reinspect the building approximately 180 days after the retreatment.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 TERMITICIDES
Submit manufacturer's label and Material Safety Data Sheet/ Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS/SDS) for termiticides proposed for use. Provide termiticides
currently registered by the EPA or approved for such use by the
appropriate agency of the host county. Select non-repellant termiticide
for maximum effectiveness and duration after application. The selected
termiticide shall be suitable for the soil and climatic conditions at the
project site. Submit samples of the pesticides used in this work. The
Contracting Officer may draw, at any time and without prior notice, from
stocks at the job site; if Government analysis indicates such samples to
contain less than the amount of active ingredient specified on the label,
work performed with such products shall be repeated, with pesticides
conforming to this Specification, at no additional cost to the Government.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 VERIFICATION OF MEASUREMENT
Once termiticide application has been completed, measure tank contents to
determine the remaining volume. The total volume measurement of used
contents for the application shall equal the established application rate
for the project site conditions. Provide written verification that the
volume of termiticide used meets the application rate.
3.2 TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE
The certified installation pest management coordinator shall be the
technical representative, shall be present at all meetings concerning
treatment measures for subterranean termites, and may be present during
treatment application. The command Pest Control Coordinator shall be
contacted prior to starting work.
3.3 SITE PREPARATION
Prepare the site in accordance with Sections 31 11 00 CLEARING AND
GRUBBING, 31 00 00 EARTHWORK, 32 92 19 SEEDING, 32 92 23 SODDING, and
32 93 00 EXTERIOR PLANTS. Work related to final grades, landscape
plantings, foundations, or any other alterations to finished construction
which might alter the condition of treated soils, shall be coordinated
with this specification.
3.3.1 Ground Preparation
Eliminate food sources by removing debris from clearing and grubbing and
post construction wood scraps such as ground stakes, form boards, and
scrap lumber from the site, before termiticide application begins.
3.3.2 Verification
Before work starts, verify that final grades are as indicated and smooth
grading has been completed in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
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Soil particles shall be finely graded with particles no larger than 1 inch
and compacted to eliminate soil movement to the greatest degree.
3.3.3 Foundation Exterior
Provide written verification that final grading and landscape planting
operations will not disturb treatment of the soil on the exterior sides of
foundation walls, grade beams, and similar structures.
3.3.4 Utilities and Vents
Provide written verification that the location and identity of HVAC ducts
and vents, water and sewer lines, and plumbing have been accomplished
prior to the termiticide application.
3.3.5 Crawl and Plenum Air Spaces
Provide written verification that the location and identity of crawl and
plenum air spaces have been accomplished prior to the termiticide
application.
3.3.6 Application Plan
Submit a Termiticide Application Plan with proposed sequence of treatment
work with dates and times for approval before starting the specified
treatment. Include the termiticide trade name, EPA registration number,
chemical composition, formulation, concentration of original and diluted
material, application rate of active ingredients, method of application,
area/volume treated, amount applied; and the name and state license number
of the state certified applicator.
3.4 TERMITICIDE TREATMENT
3.4.1 Equipment Calibration and Tank Measurement
Submit a listing of equipment to be used. Immediately prior to
commencement of termiticide application, calibration tests shall be
conducted on the application equipment to be used and the application tank
shall be measured to determine the volume and contents. These tests shall
confirm that the application equipment is operating within the
manufacturer's specifications and will meet the specified requirements.
Submit written certification of the equipment calibration test results
within 1 week of testing.
3.4.2 Mixing and Application
Formulating, mixing, and application shall be performed in the presence of
the Contracting Officer or the technical representative. A closed system
is recommended as it prevents the termiticide from coming into contact
with the applicator or other persons. Water for formulating shall only
come from designated locations. Filling hoses shall be fitted with a
backflow preventer meeting local plumbing codes or standards. Overflow
shall be prevented during the filling operation. Prior to each day of
use, the equipment used for applying termiticides shall be inspected for
leaks, clogging, wear, or damage. Any repairs are to be performed
immediately.
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3.4.3 Treatment Method
For areas to be treated, establish complete and unbroken vertical and/or
horizontal soil poison barriers between the soil and all portions of the
intended structure which may allow termite access to wood and wood related
products. Application shall not be made to areas which serve as crawl
spaces or for use as a plenum air space.
3.4.3.1 Surface Application
Use surface application for establishing horizontal barriers. Surface
applicants shall be applied as a coarse spray and provide uniform
distribution over the soil surface. Termiticide shall penetrate a minimum
of 1 inch into the soil, or as recommended by the manufacturer.
3.4.3.2 Rodding and Trenching
Use rodding and trenching for establishing vertical soil barriers.
Trenching shall be to the depth of the foundation footing. Width of
trench shall be as recommended by the manufacturer, or as indicated.
Rodding or other approved method may be implemented for saturating the
base of the trench with termiticide. Immediately after termiticide has
reached maximum penetration as recommended by the manufacturer,
backfilling of the trench shall commence. Backfilling shall be in 6 inch
rises or layers. Each rise shall be treated with termiticide.
3.4.4 Sampling
The Contracting Officer may draw from stocks at the job site, at any time
and without prior notice, take samples of the termiticides used to
determine if the amount of active ingredient specified on the label is
being applied.
3.5 CLEAN UP, DISPOSAL, AND PROTECTION
Once application has been completed, proceed with clean up and protection
of the site without delay.
3.5.1 Clean Up
The site shall be cleaned of all material associated with the treatment
measures, according to label instructions, and as indicated. Excess and
waste material shall be removed and disposed off site.
3.5.2 Disposal of Termiticide
Dispose of residual termiticides and containers off Government property,
and in accordance with label instructions and EPA criteria.
3.5.3 Protection of Treated Area
Immediately after the application, the area shall be protected from other
use by erecting barricades and providing signage as required or directed.
Signage shall be in accordance with Section 10 14 01 EXTERIOR SIGNAGE.
Signage shall be placed inside the entrances to crawl spaces and shall
identify the space as treated with termiticide and not safe for children
and animals.
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3.6 CONDITIONS FOR SATISFACTORY TREATMENT
3.6.1 Equipment Calibrations and Measurements
Where results from the equipment calibration and tank measurements tests
are unsatisfactory, re-treatment will be required.
3.6.2 Testing
If a third-party analysis indicates that the samples of the applied
termiticide contain less than the amount of active ingredient specified on
the label or if soils are treated to a depth less than specified or
approved, re-treat the area at Contractor's expense.
3.6.3 Disturbance of Treated Soils
Soil and fill material disturbed after treatment shall be re-treated
before placement of slabs or other covering structures.
3.6.4 Termites Found Within the Warranty Period
If live subterranean termite infestation or termite damage is discovered
during the warranty period, re-treat the site.
3.7 RE-TREATMENT
Where re-treatment is required, comply with the requirements specified in
paragraph WARRANTY.
-- End of Section --
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SECTION 32 05 33
LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT
02/10
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM D5851 (1995; R 2011) Planning and Implementing a
Water Monitoring Program
TREE CARE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (TCIA)
TCIA Z133.1 (2006) American National Standard for
Arboricultural Operations - Pruning,
Repairing, Maintaining, and Removing
Trees, and Cutting Brush - Safety
Requirements
U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (USGBC)
LEED NC (2009) Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design(tm) New Construction
Rating System
Fort Bragg Installation Design Guide
FBIDG Section 2.2.5 Landscape
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 Pesticide
Any substance or mixture of substances, including biological control
agents, that may prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests and are
specifically labeled for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). Also, any substance used as a plant regulator, defoliant,
disinfectant, or biocide. Examples of pesticides include fumigants,
herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, molluscicides and
rodenticides.
1.2.2 Stand of Turf
100 percent ground cover of the established species.
1.2.3 Planter Beds
A planter bed is defined as an area containing one or a combination of the
following plant types: shrubs, vines, wildflowers, annuals, perennials,
ground cover, and a mulch topdressing excluding turf. Trees may also be
found in planter beds.
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1.3 RELATED REQUIREMENTS
Section 32 92 23 SODDING applies to this section for installation of sod
requirements, with additions and modifications herein.
Section 32 93 00 EXTERIOR PLANTS applies to this section for installation
of trees, shrubs, perennials, and wildflower, with additions and
modifications herein.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. The following shall be submitted
in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Local/Regional Materials; (LEED NC)
Submit documentation indicating distance between manufacturing
facility and the project site. Indicate distance of raw material
origin from the project site. Indicate relative dollar value of
local/regional materials to total dollar value of products
included in project.
Fertilizer; G
Hose; (LEED NC)
Mulches Topdressing; (LEED NC)
Submit documentation indicating percentage of post-industrial
and post-consumer recycled content per unit of product. Indicate
relative dollar value of recycled content products to total dollar
value of products included in project.
Organic Mulch Materials
Submit documentation indicating type of biobased material in
product and biobased content. Indicate relative dollar value of
biobased content products to total dollar value of products
included in project.
SD-07 Certificates
Maintenance inspection report
Plant quantities; G
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Maintenance
SD-11 Closeout Submittals
SECTION 32 05 33 Page 2
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Tree, staking and guying removal
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Delivery
Deliver fertilizer, gypsum, iron to the site in original containers
bearing manufacturer's chemical analysis, name, trade name, or trademark,
and indication of conformance to state and federal laws. Instead of
containers, fertilizer, gypsum may be furnished in bulk with a certificate
indicating the above information.
1.5.2 Storage
1.5.2.1 Fertilizer, Lime, Iron, Mulch Storage
Material shall be stored in designated areas. Lime and fertilizer shall
be stored in cool, dry locations away from contaminants.
1.5.2.2 Antidessicants Storage
Do not store with fertilizers or other landscape maintenance materials.
1.5.3 Handling
Do not drop or dump materials from vehicles.
1.6 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1.6.1 Local/Regional Materials
Use materials or products extracted, harvested, or recovered, as well as
manufactured, within a 500 mile radius from the project site, if available
from a minimum of three sources. See Section 01 33 29.00 37
SUSTAINABILITY for cumulative total local material requirements.
Landscaping materials may be locally available.
1.7 MAINTENANCE
Submit Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manuals for planting materials.
Include instructions indicating procedures during one typical year
including variations of maintenance for climatic conditions throughout the
year. Provide instructions and procedures for watering; promotion of
growth, including fertilizing, pruning, and mowing; and integrated pest
management. O&M Manuals shall include pictures of planting materials
cross referenced to botanical and common names, with a description of the
normal appearance in each season.
Develop a water monitoring program for surface and ground water on the
project site in accordance with ASTM D5851 and consistent with the water
management program utilized during construction operations.
1.8 Fort Bragg Installation Design Guide
Refer to Fort Bragg Installation Design Guide (FBIDG) for more information
on Landscaping Requirements.
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PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 POST-PLANT FERTILIZER
Fertilizer for groundcover, wildflowers, and grasses is not permitted.
Fertilizer for trees, plants, and shrubs shall be as recommended by plant
supplier, except synthetic chemical fertilizers are not permitted.
Fertilizers containing petrochemical additives or that have been treated
with pesticides or herbicides are not permitted.
2.1.1 Granular Fertilizer
Organic, granular controlled release fertilizer containing the following
minimum percentages, by weight, of plant food nutrients:
20 percent available nitrogen
20 percent available phosphorus
20 percent available potassium
5 percent sulfur
5 percent iron
2.2 WATER
Source of water shall be approved by the Contracting Officer, and be of
suitable quality for irrigation. Use collected storm water or graywater
when available.
2.2.1 Hose
Hoses used for watering shall be a minimum of 70 percent post-consumer
rubber or plastic.
2.3 MULCHES TOPDRESSING
Free from noxious weeds, mold, pesticides, or other deleterious materials.
2.3.1 Organic Mulch Materials
Shredded hardwood from site when available. Biobased content shall be a
minimum of 100 percent. Wood-based hydraulic mulch shall contain a
minimum of 100 percent recycled material.
2.3.2 Recycled Organic Mulch
Recycled mulch may include compost, tree trimmings, or pine needles with a
gradation that passes through a 2-1/2 by 2-1/2 inch screen. It shall be
cleaned of all sticks a minimum 1 inch in diameter and plastic materials a
minimum 3 inch length. The material shall be treated to retard the growth
of mold and fungi.
2.4 PESTICIDES
Pesticides and herbicides are not permitted. If insect or disease damage
or infestation occurs, remedial action should be taken immediately.
Notify Contracting Officer immediately upon discovery of any disease or
infestation.
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PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXTENT OF WORK
Provide landscape construction maintenance to include mowing, edging,
overseeding, aeration, fertilizing, watering, weeding, pruning, stake and
guy adjusting, for all newly installed, renovated landscape areas and
existing plant material, unless indicated otherwise, and at all areas
inside or outside the limits of the construction that are disturbed by the
Contractor's operations.
3.1.1 Policing
The Contractor shall police all landscaped areas. Policing includes
removal of leaves, branches and limbs regardless of length or diameter,
dead vegetation, paper, trash, cigarette butts, garbage, rocks or other
debris. Policing shall extend to both sides of fencing or walls.
Collected debris shall be promptly removed and disposed of at an approved
disposal site.
3.1.2 Drainage System Maintenance
The Contractor shall remove all obstructions from surface and subsurface
drain lines to allow water to flow unrestricted in swales, gutters, catch
basins, storm drain curb inlets, and yard drains. Remove grates and clear
debris in catch basins. Open drainage channels are to be maintained free
of all debris and vegetation at all times. Edges of these channels shall
be clear of any encroachment by vegetation.
3.2 GROUNDCOVER ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD
Groundcover establishment period will commence on the date that inspection
by the Contracting Officer shows that the new and/or renovated turf
furnished under this contract has been satisfactorily installed to a 100
percent stand of coverage. The establishment period shall continue for a
period of 365 days.
3.2.1 Frequency of Maintenance
Begin maintenance immediately after turf has been installed and/or fully
renovated. Inspect areas once a week during the installation and
establishment period and perform needed maintenance promptly.
3.2.2 Promotion of Growth
Groundcover shall be maintained in a manner that promotes proper health,
growth, natural color.Turf shall have a neat uniform manicured appearance,
free of bare areas, ruts, holes, weeds, pests, dead vegetation, debris,
and unwanted vegetation that present an unsightly appearance. Mow, remove
excess clippings, eradicate weeds, water, fertilize, overseed, aerate,
topdress and perform other operations necessary to promote growth, as
approved by Contracting Officer and consistent with approved Integrated
Pest Management Plan. Remove noxious weeds common to the area from
planting areas by mechanical means.
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3.2.3 Mowing
3.2.3.1 Turf
Turf shall be mowed at a uniform finished height. Mow turfed areas to a
minimum average height of 4 inches when average height of grass becomes 6
inches for spring/summer maintenance and to a minimum average height of 4
inches when the average height of grass reaches 6 inches for fall winter
maintenance. The height of turf is measured from the soil. Mowing of
turf shall be performed in a manner that prevents scalping, rutting,
bruising, uneven and rough cutting. Prior to mowing, all rubbish, debris,
trash, leaves, rocks, paper, and limbs or branches on a turf area shall be
picked up and disposed. Adjacent paved areas shall be swept/vacuumed
clean.
3.2.3.2 Native Grasses
Mow above height of native grass seedlings (approximately 3.5 to 4 inches
). Mow during spring or early summer. Do not mow after early summer
during the second growing season.
3.2.3.3 Wildflowers
Mow three times per season above height of the wildflowers (approximately
12 to 15 inches).
3.2.4 Turf Edging and Trimming
Perimeter of planter bed edges, sidewalks, driveways, curbs, and other
paved surfaces shall be edged. Uniformly edge these areas to prevent
encroachment of vegetation onto paved surfaces and to provide a clear cut
division line between planter beds, turf, and ground cover. Edging is to
be accomplished in a manner that prevents scalping, rutting, bruising,
uneven and rough cutting. Edging shall be performed on the same day that
turf is mowed. Use of string line trimmers is permitted in "soft" areas
such as an edge between turfgrass and a planter bed. Care shall be
exercised to avoid damage to any plant materials, structures, and other
landscape features.
Trimming around trees, fences, poles, walls, and other similar objects is
to be accomplished to match the height and appearance of surrounding mowed
turf growth. Trimming shall be performed on the same day the turf's
mowed. Care shall be exercised to avoid "Girdling" trees located in turf
areas. The use of protective tree collars on trees in turf areas may be
utilized as a temporary means to avoid injury to tree trunks. At the end
of the plant establishment period Contractor will be responsible for
removing all protective tree collars.
3.2.5 Post-Fertilizer Application
Do not fertilize wildflowers, groundcover, and grasses. Apply turf
fertilizer in a manner that promotes health, growth, vigor, color and
appearance of cultivated turf areas. The method of application,
fertilizer type and frequencies shall be determined by the laboratory soil
analysis results the requirements of the particular turf species. Organic
fertilizer shall be used. In the event that organic fertilizer is not
producing the desired effect, the Contractor shall contract the
Contracting Officer for approval prior to the use of a synthetic type of
fertilizer. Fertilizer shall be applied by approved methods in accordance
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
with the manufacturer's recommendations.
3.2.6 Turf Watering
The Contractor shall perform irrigation in a manner that promotes the
health, growth, color and appearance of cultivated vegetation and that
complies with all Federal, State, and local water agencies and authorities
directives. The Contractor shall be responsible to prevent over watering,
water run-off, erosion, and ponding due to excessive quantities or rate of
application. The Contractor shall abide by state, local or other water
conservation regulations or restrictions in force during the establishment
period. Irrigation controllers shall be adjusted to comply with the water
conservation regulations schedule.
3.2.7 Turf Aeration
Upon completion of weed eradication operations and Contracting Officer's
approval to proceed, aerate turf areas by approved device. Core, by
pulling soil plugs, to a minimum depth of 2 inches. Leave all soil plugs
that are produced in the turf area. After aeration operations are
complete, topdress entire area 1/2 inch depth with the following mixture:
2 percent sand
20 percent humus
10 percent gypsum
20 percent lime
Blend all parts of topdressing mixture to a uniform consistency throughout.
Keep clean at all times at least one paved pedestrian access route and
one paved vehicular access route to each building. Clean all soil plugs
off of other paving when work is complete. This work shall commence 24
days prior final acceptance of the maintenance establishment period.
3.2.8 Turf Clearance Area
Trees located in turf areas shall be maintained with a growth free
clearance of 18 inches from the tree trunk base. The use of mechanical
weed whips to accomplish the turf growth free bed area is prohibited.
3.2.9 Replanting
Replant in accordance with Section 32 92 23 SODDING and within specified
planting dates areas which do not have a satisfactory stand of turf.
Replant areas which do not have a satisfactory stand of other groundcover
and grasses.
3.2.10 Final Inspection and Acceptance
Final inspection will be make upon written request from the Contractor at
least 10 days prior to the last day of the turf establishment period.
Final turf acceptance will be based upon a satisfactory stand of turf.
Final acceptance of wildflower and grass areas will be based upon a stand
of 95 percent groundcover of established species.
3.2.11 Unsatisfactory Work
When work is found to not meet design intent and specifications,
maintenance period will be extended at no additional cost to the
Government until work has been completed, inspected and accepted by
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
Contracting Officer.
3.3 EXTERIOR PLANT ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD
The exterior plant establishment period will commence on the date that
inspection by the Contracting Officer shows that the new plants furnished
under this contract have been satisfactorily installed and shall continue
for a period of 365 days.
3.3.1 Frequency of Maintenance
Begin maintenance immediately after plants have been installed. Inspect
exterior plants at least once a week during the installation and
establishment period and perform needed maintenance promptly.
3.3.2 Promotion of Plant Growth and Vigor
Water, prune, fertilize, mulch, adjust stakes, guys and turnbuckles,
eradicate weeds and perform other operations necessary to promote plant
growth, and vigor.
3.3.3 Planter Bed Maintenance
Planter beds shall be weeded, fertilized, irrigated, kept pest free, turf
free, pruned, and mulch levels maintained. Planter beds will not be
allowed to encroach into turf areas. A definite break shall be maintained
between turf areas and planter beds. Fertilize exterior planting
materials to promote healthy plant growth without encouraging excessive
top foliar growth. Remove noxious weeds common to the area from planting
areas by mechanical means.
3.3.3.1 Shrub Selective Maintenance
In addition to the above requirements, shrubs shall be selectively pruned,
and shaped for health and safety when the following conditions exist:
Remove growth in front of windows, over entrance ways or walks, and any
growth which will obstruct vision at street intersections or of security
personnel; Remove dead, damaged or diseased branches or limbs; where shrub
growth obstructs pedestrian walkways; where shrub growth is found growing
against or over structures; where shrub growth permits concealment of
unauthorized persons. All pruning debris shall be disposed of in a proper
manner.
3.3.3.2 Tree Maintenance
Tree maintenance shall include adjustment of stakes, ties, guy supports
and turnbuckles, watering, fertilizing, pest control, mulching, pruning
for health and safety and fall leaf cleanup. Fertilize exterior trees to
promote healthy plant growth without encouraging excessive top foliar
growth. Stakes, ties, guy supports and turnbuckles shall be inspected and
adjusted to avoid girdling and promote natural development. All trees
within the project boundaries, regardless of caliper, shall be selectively
pruned for safety and health reasons. These include but are not limited to
removal of dead and broken branches and correction of structural
defects. Prune trees according to their natural growth characteristics
leaving trees well shaped and balanced. Pruning of all trees including
palm trees shall be accomplished by or in the presence of a certified
member of the International Society of Arboriculture and in accordance
with TCIA Z133.1. All pruning debris generated shall be disposed of in a
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
proper manner.
3.3.4 Slope Erosion Control Maintenance
The Contractor shall provide slope erosion control maintenance to prevent
undermining of all slopes in newly landscaped and natural growth areas.
Maintenance tasks include immediate repairs to weak spots in sloped areas,
and maintaining clean, clear culverts, and graded berms, and terraces to
intercept and direct water flow to prevent development of large gullies
and slope erosion. Eroded areas shall be filled with amended topsoil and
replanted with the same plant species. Erosion control netting and/or
blankets damaged due to slope erosion shall be reinstalled.
3.3.5 Removal of Dying or Dead Plants
Remove dead and dying plants and provide new plants immediately upon
commencement of the specified planting season, and replace stakes, guys,
mulch and eroded earth mound water basins. No additional plant
establishment period will be required for replacement plants beyond the
original warranty period. A tree shall be considered dying or dead when
the main leader has died back, or a minimum of 20 percent of the crown has
died. A shrub or ground cover shall be considered dying or dead when a
minimum of 20 percent of the plant has died. This condition shall be
determined by scraping on a branch an area 1/16 inch square, maximum, to
determine the cause for dying plant material and shall provide
recommendations for replacement. The Contractor shall determine the cause
for dying plant material and provide recommendations for replacement.
3.3.6 Tracking of Unhealthy Plants
Note plants not in healthy growing condition, as determined by the
Contracting Officer, and as soon as seasonal conditions permit, remove and
replace with plants of the same species and sizes as originally specified.
Install replacement plantings in accordance with Section 32 93 00 EXTERIOR
PLANTS.
3.3.7 Final Inspection
Final inspection will be made upon written request from the Contractor at
least 10 days prior to the last day of the establishment period. Final
inspection will be based upon satisfactory health and growth of plants and
on the following:
3.3.7.1 Total Plants on Site
Plants have been accepted and required number of replacements have been
installed.
3.3.7.2 Mulching and Weeding
Planter beds and earth mound water basins are properly mulched and free of
weeds.
3.3.7.3 Tree Supports
Stakes guys and turnbuckles are in good condition.
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3.3.7.4 Remedial Work
Remedial measures directed by the Contracting Officer to ensure plant
material survival and promote healthy growth have been completed.
3.3.8 Unsatisfactory Work
When work is found to not meet design intent and specifications,
maintenance period will be extended at no additional cost to the
Government until work has been completed, inspected and accepted by
Contracting Officer.
3.4 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
3.4.1 Maintenance Inspection Report
Provide maintenance inspection report to assure that landscape maintenance
is being performed in accordance with the specifications and in the best
interest of plant growth and survivability. Site observations shall be
documented at the start of the establishment period, then quarterly
following the start, and at the end of establishment period. Results of
site observation visits shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer
within 7 calendar days of each site observation visit.
3.4.2 Plant Quantities
The Contractor shall provide Contracting Officer with the number of plant
quantities. In addition, provide total exterior area of hardscape and
landscaping such as turf and total number of shrubs.
3.4.3 Tree Staking and Guying Removal
The Contractor shall provide a certified letter that all stakes and guys
are removed from all project trees at the end of the establishment period.
-- End of Section --
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SECTION 32 92 19
SEEDING
10/06
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM C602 (2013) Agricultural Liming Materials
ASTM D4427 (2013) Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
ASTM D4972 (2001; R 2007) pH of Soils
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)
AMS Seed Act (1940; R 1988; R 1998) Federal Seed Act
DOA SSIR 42 (1996) Soil Survey Investigation Report
No. 42, Soil Survey Laboratory Methods
Manual, Version 3.0
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 Stand of Turf
95 percent ground cover of the established species.
1.3 RELATED REQUIREMENTS
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK, Section 32 93 00 EXTERIOR PLANTS, and Section
32 05 33 LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT applies to this section for pesticide use
and plant establishment requirements, with additions and modifications
herein.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. The following shall be submitted
in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Wood cellulose fiber mulch
Fertilizer
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Include physical characteristics, and recommendations.
SD-06 Test Reports
Topsoil composition tests (reports and recommendations).
SD-07 Certificates
State certification and approval for seed
SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions
Erosion Control Materials
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Delivery
1.5.1.1 Seed Protection
Protect from drying out and from contamination during delivery, on-site
storage, and handling.
1.5.1.2 Fertilizer, Gypsum, Sulfur, Iron, and Lime Delivery
Deliver to the site in original, unopened containers bearing
manufacturer's chemical analysis, name, trade name, trademark, and
indication of conformance to state and federal laws. Instead of
containers, fertilizer, gypsum, sulphur, iron, and lime may be furnished
in bulk with certificate indicating the above information.
1.5.2 Storage
1.5.2.1 Seed, Fertilizer, Gypsum, Sulfur, Iron, and Lime Storage
Store in cool, dry locations away from contaminants.
1.5.2.2 Topsoil
Prior to stockpiling topsoil, treat growing vegetation with application of
appropriate specified non-selective herbicide. Clear and grub existing
vegetation three to four weeks prior to stockpiling topsoil.
1.5.2.3 Handling
Do not drop or dump materials from vehicles.
1.6 TIME RESTRICTIONS AND PLANTING CONDITIONS
1.6.1 Restrictions
Do not plant when the ground is frozen, snow covered, muddy, or when air
temperature exceeds 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
1.7 TIME LIMITATIONS
1.7.1 Seed
Apply seed within twenty four hours after seed bed preparation.
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PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 SEED
2.1.1 Classification
Provide State-certified State-approved Endophyte-enhanced seed of the
latest season's crop delivered in original sealed packages, bearing
producer's guaranteed analysis for percentages of mixtures, purity,
germination, weedseed content, and inert material. Label in conformance
with AMS Seed Act and applicable state seed laws. Wet, moldy, or
otherwise damaged seed will be rejected. Field mixes will be acceptable
when field mix is performed on site in the presence of the Contracting
Officer.
2.1.2 Permanent Seeding
"Cool Season": planted between 1 September and 28 February
50 pounds per acre Winter Wheat (Triticum spelta). NO RYE GRASS.
25 pounds per acre common Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), hulled
25 pounds per acre common Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), unhulled
"Warm Season": planted between 1 March and 31 August
50 pounds per acre German (Setaria italica), Brown Top (Setaria
italica), or Fox Tail Millet (Brachiaria ramosum)
50 pounds per acre common Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), hulled
2.1.3 Temporary Seeding
"Cool Season": planted between 1 September and 28 February
120 pounds per acre Winter Wheat (Triticum spelta)
"Warm Season": planted between 1 March and 31 August
65 pounds per acre German (Setaria italica), Brown Top (Setaria
italica), or Fox Tail Millet (Brachiaria ramosum)
2.1.4 Hydroseeding
Hydroseeding shall only be allowable on slopes steeper than 1 horizontal
to 1 vertical. Steps 1 through 4 must be completed prior to hydroseeding.
Hydroseeding should be applied in two applications. The first application
will consist of 1/3 of the mulch and 2/3 of the seed and the second
application will consist of 2/3 of the mulch and 1/3 of the seed. The
mulch will include a tackifier and will be applied at a rate of 2,000
pounds per acre or the manufacturer's recommendation, whichever is higher.
Proportion seed mixtures by weight. Temporary seeding must later be
replaced by permanent seeding plantings for a permanent stand of grass.
The same requirements of turf establishment for permanent seeding apply
for temporary seeding.
2.2 TOPSOIL
2.2.1 On-Site Topsoil
Surface soil stripped and stockpiled on site and modified as necessary to
meet the requirements specified for topsoil in paragraph entitled
"Composition." When available topsoil shall be existing surface soil
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stripped and stockpiled on-site in accordance with Section 31 00 00
EARTHWORK.
2.2.2 Off-Site Topsoil
Conform to requirements specified in paragraph entitled "Composition."
Additional topsoil shall be furnished by the Contractor.
2.2.3 Composition
Containing from 5 to 10 percent organic matter as determined by the
topsoil composition tests of the Organic Carbon, 6A, Chemical Analysis
Method described in DOA SSIR 42. Maximum particle size, 3/4 inch, with
maximum 3 percent retained on 1/4 inch screen. The pH shall be tested in
accordance with ASTM D4972. Topsoil shall be free of sticks, stones,
roots, and other debris and objectionable materials. Other components
shall conform to the following limits:
Silt 25-50 percent
Clay 10-30 percent
Sand 20-35 percent
pH 5.5 to 7.0
Soluble Salts 600 ppm maximum
2.3 SOIL CONDITIONERS
Add conditioners to topsoil as required to bring into compliance with
"composition" standard for topsoil as specified herein.
2.3.1 Lime
Commercial grade hydrate limestone containing a calcium carbonate
equivalent (C.C.E.) as specified in ASTM C602 of not less than 80 percent.
2.3.2 Aluminum Sulfate
Commercial grade.
2.3.3 Sulfur
100 percent elemental
2.3.4 Iron
100 percent elemental
2.3.5 Peat
Natural product of peat moss derived from a freshwater site and conforming
to ASTM D4427. Shred and granulate peat to pass a 1/2 inch mesh screen
and condition in storage pile for minimum 6 months after excavation.
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2.3.6 Sand
Clean and free of materials harmful to plants.
2.3.7 Perlite
Horticultural grade.
2.3.8 Composted Derivatives
Ground bark, nitrolized sawdust, humus or other green wood waste material
free of stones, sticks, and soil stabilized with nitrogen and having the
following properties:
2.3.8.1 Particle Size
Minimum percent by weight passing:
No. 4 mesh screen 95
No. 8 mesh screen 80
2.3.8.2 Nitrogen Content
Minimum percent based on dry weight:
Fir Sawdust 0.7
Fir or Pine Bark 1.0
2.3.9 Gypsum
Coarsely ground gypsum comprised of calcium sulfate dihydrate 61 percent,
calcium 22 percent, sulfur 17 percent; minimum 96 percent passing through
20 mesh screen, 100 percent passing thru 16 mesh screen.
2.3.10 Calcined Clay
Calcined clay shall be granular particles produced from montmorillonite
clay calcined to a minimum temperature of 1200 degrees F. Gradation: A
minimum 90 percent shall pass a No. 8 sieve; a minimum 99 percent shall be
retained on a No. 60 sieve; and a maximum 2 percent shall pass a No. 100
sieve. Bulk density: A maximum 40 pounds per cubic foot.
2.4 FERTILIZER
2.4.1 2.4.1 Granular Fertilizer
Organic and synthetic, granular controlled release fertilizer:
Apply fertilizer/Lime at rates as determined by laboratory soil
analysis of soils at the job site. In the absence of the soil
analysis, apply soil amendments at the rates indicated in steps 2
and 3.
1. Area will be tilled to 4 inch depth
2. Apply lime at 70 pounds per 1000 square feet, or 1.5 tons per acre
3. Apply 10-20-20 at a rate of 850 pounds per acre or 20 pounds per
1000 square feet. The fertilizer should be either slow time
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release or applied in two applications, half at time of planting
and the second half after permanent seed germinates.
4. The lime and fertilizer will be worked into the top 2 to 4 inches
of soil prior to seeding.
5. Seed Mix and Rate
2.4.2 2.4.2 Hydroseeding Fertilizer
Controlled release fertilizer, to use with hydroseeding and composed of
pills coated with plastic resin to provide a continuous release of
nutrients for at least 6 months.
Apply fertilizer/Lime at rates as determined by laboratory soil
analysis of soils at the job site. In the absence of the soil
analysis, apply soil amendments at the rates indicated in steps 2
and 3.
1. Area will be tilled to 4 inch depth
2. Apply lime at 70 pounds per 1000 square feet, or 1.5 tons per acre
3. Apply 10-20-20 at a rate of 850 pounds per acre or 20 pounds per
1000 square feet. The fertilizer should be either slow time
release or applied in two applications, half at time of planting
and the second half after permanent seed germinates.
4. The lime and fertilizer will be worked into the top 2 to 4 inches
of soil prior to seeding.
5. Seed Mix and Rate
2.5 MULCH
Mulch shall be free from noxious weeds, mold, and other deleterious
materials.
2.5.1 Straw
Stalks from oats, wheat, rye, barley, or rice. Furnish in air-dry
condition and of proper consistency for placing with commercial mulch
blowing equipment. Straw shall contain no fertile seed.
2.5.2 Hay
Air-dry condition and of proper consistency for placing with commercial
mulch blowing equipment. Hay shall be sterile, containing no fertile seed.
2.5.3 Wood Cellulose Fiber Mulch
Use recovered materials of either paper-based (100 percent) or wood-based
(100 percent) hydraulic mulch. Processed to contain no growth or
germination-inhibiting factors and dyed an appropriate color to facilitate
visual metering of materials application. Composition on air-dry weight
basis: 9 to 15 percent moisture, pH range from 5.5 to 8.2. Use with
hydraulic application of grass seed and fertilizer.
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2.6 WATER
Source of water shall be approved by Contracting Officer and of suitable
quality for irrigation, containing no elements toxic to plant life.
2.7 EROSION CONTROL MATERIALS
Erosion control material shall conform to the following:
2.7.1 Erosion Control Blanket
100 percent agricultural straw or 70 percent agricultural straw/30 percent
coconut fiber matrix stitched with a degradable nettings, designed to
degrade within 12 months.
2.7.2 Erosion Control Fabric
Fabric shall be knitted construction of polypropylene yarn with uniform
mesh openings 3/4 to 1 inch square with strips of biodegradable paper.
Filler paper strips shall have a minimum life of 6 months.
2.7.3 Erosion Control Net
Net shall be heavy, twisted jute mesh, weighing approximately 1.22 pounds
per linear yard and 4 feet wide with mesh openings of approximately 1 inch
square.
2.7.4 Erosion Control Material Anchors
Erosion control anchors shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 PREPARATION
3.1.1 EXTENT OF WORK
Provide soil preparation (including soil conditioners as required),
fertilizing, seeding, and surface topdressing of all newly graded finished
earth surfaces, unless indicated otherwise, and at all areas inside or
outside the limits of construction that are disturbed by the Contractor's
operations.
3.1.1.1 Topsoil
Provide 4 inches of topsoil to meet indicated finish grade. After areas
have been brought to indicated finish grade, incorporate fertilizer pH
adjusters soil conditioners into soil a minimum depth of 4 inches by
disking, harrowing, tilling or other method approved by the Contracting
Officer. Remove debris and stones larger than 3/4 inch in any dimension
remaining on the surface after finish grading. Correct irregularities in
finish surfaces to eliminate depressions. Protect finished topsoil areas
from damage by vehicular or pedestrian traffic.
3.1.1.2 Soil Conditioner Application Rates
Apply soil conditioners at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis
of the soils at the job site.
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3.1.1.3 Fertilizer Application Rates
Apply fertilizer at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis of the
soils at the job site.
3.2 SEEDING
3.2.1 Seed Application Seasons and Conditions
Immediately before seeding, restore soil to proper grade. Do not seed when
ground is muddy frozen snow covered or in an unsatisfactory condition for
seeding. If special conditions exist that may warrant a variance in the
above seeding dates or conditions, submit a written request to the
Contracting Officer stating the special conditions and proposed variance.
Apply seed within twenty four hours after seedbed preparation. Sow seed by
approved sowing equipment. Sow one-half the seed in one direction, and sow
remainder at right angles to the first sowing.
3.2.2 Seed Application Method
Seeding method shall be hydroseeding.
3.2.2.1 Hydroseeding
First, mix water and fiber. Wood cellulose fiber, paper fiber, or
recycled paper shall be applied as part of the hydroseeding operation.
Fiber shall be added at 1,000 pounds, dry weight, per acre. Then add and
mix seed and fertilizer to produce a homogeneous slurry. When
hydraulically sprayed on the ground, material shall form a blotter like
cover impregnated uniformly with grass seed. Spread with one application
with no second application of mulch.
3.2.3 Mulching
3.2.3.1 Hay or Straw Mulch
Hay or straw mulch shall be spread uniformly at the rate of 2 tons per acre.
Mulch shall be spread by hand, blower-type mulch spreader, or other
approved method. Mulching shall be started on the windward side of
relatively flat areas or on the upper part of steep slopes, and continued
uniformly until the area is covered. The mulch shall not be bunched or
clumped. Sunlight shall not be completely excluded from penetrating to
the ground surface. All areas installed with seed shall be mulched on the
same day as the seeding. Mulch shall be anchored immediately following
spreading.
3.2.3.2 Mechanical Anchor
Mechanical anchor shall be a V-type-wheel land packer; a scalloped-disk
land packer designed to force mulch into the soil surface; or other
suitable equipment.
3.2.3.3 Asphalt Adhesive Tackifier
Asphalt adhesive tackifier shall be sprayed at a rate between 10 to 13
gallons per 1000 square feet. Sunlight shall not be completely excluded
from penetrating to the ground surface.
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3.2.3.4 Non-Asphaltic Tackifier
Hydrophilic colloid shall be applied at the rate recommended by the
manufacturer, using hydraulic equipment suitable for thoroughly mixing
with water. A uniform mixture shall be applied over the area.
3.2.3.5 Asphalt Adhesive Coated Mulch
Hay or straw mulch may be spread simultaneously with asphalt adhesive
applied at a rate between 10 to 13 gallons per 1000 square feet, using
power mulch equipment which shall be equipped with suitable asphalt pump
and nozzle. The adhesive-coated mulch shall be applied evenly over the
surface. Sunlight shall not be completely excluded from penetrating to
the ground surface.
3.2.4 Rolling
Immediately after seeding, firm entire area except for slopes in excess of
3 to 1 with a roller not exceeding 90 pounds for each foot of roller
width. If seeding is performed with cultipacker-type seeder or by
hydroseeding, rolling may be eliminated.
3.2.5 Erosion Control Material
Install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, where indicated or
as directed by the Contracting Officer.
3.2.6 Watering
Start watering areas seeded as required by temperature and wind
conditions. Apply water at a rate sufficient to insure thorough wetting
of soil to a depth of 2 inches without run off. During the germination
process, seed is to be kept actively growing and not allowed to dry out.
3.3 PROTECTION OF TURF AREAS
Immediately after turfing, protect area against traffic and other use.
3.4 RENOVATION OF EXISTING TURF AREA
3.4.1 Aeration
Upon completion of weed eradication operations and Contracting Officer's
approval to proceed, aerate turf areas indicated, by approved device.
Core, by pulling soil plugs, to a minimum depth of 3 inches. Leave all
soil plugs, that are produced, in the turf area. After aeration operations
are complete, topdress entire area 1/4 inch depth with the following
mixture:
10 percent sand
20 percent humus
10 percent gypsum
40 percent organic fertilizer
20 percent synthetic fertilizer
Blend all parts of topdressing mixture to a uniform consistency throughout.
Keep clean at all times at least one paved pedestrian access route and
one paved vehicular access route to each building. Clean all soil plugs
off of other paving when work is complete.
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3.4.2 Vertical Mowing
Upon completion of aerating operation and Contracting Officer's approval
to proceed, vertical mow turf areas indicated, by approved device, to a
depth of 1/4 inch above existing soil level, to reduce thatch build-up,
grain, and surface compaction. Keep clean at all times at least one paved
pedestrian access route and one paved vehicular access route to each
building. Clean other paving when work is complete. Remove all debris
generated during this operation off site.
3.4.3 Dethatching
Upon completion of aerating operation and Contracting Officer's approval
to proceed, dethatch turf areas indicated, by approved device, to a depth
of 1/4 inch below existing soil level, to reduce thatch build-up, grain,
and surface compaction. Keep clean at all times at least one paved
pedestrian access route and one paved vehicular access route to each
building. Clean other paving when work is complete. Remove all debris
generated during this operation off site.
3.4.4 Overseeding
Apply seed in accordance with applicable portions of paragraph entitled
"Seed Application Method" at rates in accordance with paragraph entitled
"Seed Composition."
3.5 RESTORATION
Restore to original condition existing turf areas which have been damaged
during turf installation operations at the Contractor's expense. Keep
clean at all times at least one paved pedestrian access route and one
paved vehicular access route to each building. Clean other paving when
work in adjacent areas is complete.
-- End of Section --
SECTION 32 92 19 Page 10
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SECTION 32 92 23
SODDING
04/06
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM C602 (2013a) Agricultural Liming Materials
ASTM D4427 (2013) Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
ASTM D4972 (2013) pH of Soils
TURFGRASS PRODUCERS INTERNATIONAL (TPI)
TPI GSS (1995) Guideline Specifications to
Turfgrass Sodding
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)
DOA SSIR 42 (1996) Soil Survey Investigation Report
No. 42, Soil Survey Laboratory Methods
Manual, Version 3.0
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 Stand of Turf
100 percent ground cover of the established species.
1.3 RELATED REQUIREMENTS
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK, Section 32 92 19 SEEDING, Section 32 93 00
EXTERIOR PLANTS, and Section 32 05 33 LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT applies to
this section for pesticide use and plant establishment requirements, with
additions and modifications herein.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. Submit the following in accordance
with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Fertilizer
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Include physical characteristics, and recommendations.
SD-06 Test Reports
Topsoil composition tests (reports and recommendations).
SD-07 Certificates
Nursery or Sod farm certification for sods. Indicate type of sod
in accordance with TPI GSS.
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Delivery
1.5.1.1 Sod Protection
Protect from drying out and from contamination during delivery, on-site
storage, and handling.
1.5.1.2 Fertilizer Gypsum Sulfur Iron and Lime Delivery
Deliver to the site in original, unopened containers bearing
manufacturer's chemical analysis, name, trade name, trademark, and
indication of conformance to state and federal laws. Instead of
containers, fertilizer, gypsum, sulphur, iron, and lime may be furnished
in bulk with certificate indicating the above information.
1.5.2 Storage
1.5.2.1 Sod Storage
Lightly sprinkle with water, cover with moist burlap, straw, or other
approved covering; and protect from exposure to wind and direct sunlight
until planted. Provide covering that will allow air to circulate so that
internal heat will not develop. Do not store sod longer than 24 hours. Do
not store directly on concrete or bituminous surfaces.
1.5.2.2 Topsoil
Prior to stockpiling topsoil, treat growing vegetation with application of
appropriate specified non-selective herbicide. Clear and grub existing
vegetation three to four weeks prior to stockpiling topsoil.
1.5.2.3 Handling
Do not drop or dump materials from vehicles.
1.6 TIME RESTRICTIONS AND PLANTING CONDITIONS
1.6.1 Restrictions
Do not plant when the ground is frozen, snow covered, muddy, or when air
temperature exceeds 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
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1.7 TIME LIMITATIONS
1.7.1 Sod
Place sod a maximum of thirty six hours after initial harvesting, in
accordance with TPI GSS as modified herein.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 SODS
2.1.1 Classification
Nursery grown, certified as classified in the TPI GSS. Machine cut sod at
a uniform thickness of 3/4 inch within a tolerance of 1/4 inch, excluding
top growth and thatch. Each individual sod piece shall be strong enough
to support its own weight when lifted by the ends. Broken pads,
irregularly shaped pieces, and torn or uneven ends will be rejected.Wood
pegs and wire staples for anchorage shall be as recommended by sod
supplier.
2.1.2 Purity
Sod species shall be genetically pure, free of weeds, pests, and disease.
2.1.3 Planting Dates
Lay sod from 1 March to 31 August for warm season spring planting and from
1 September to 28 February for cool season fall planting.
2.1.4 Composition
2.1.4.1 Proportion
Proportion grass species as follows.
"Cool Season": planted between 1 September and 28 February
50 pounds per acre Winter Wheat (Triticum spelta). NO RYE GRASS.
25 pounds per acre common Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), hulled
25 pounds per acre common Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), unhulled
"Warm Season": planted between 1 March and 31 August
50 pounds per acre German (Setaria italica), Brown Top (Setaria
italica), or Fox Tail Millet (Brachiaria ramosum)
50 pounds per acre common Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), hulled
2.2 TOPSOIL
2.2.1 On-Site Topsoil
Surface soil stripped and stockpiled on site and modified as necessary to
meet the requirements specified for topsoil in paragraph entitled
"Composition." When available topsoil shall be existing surface soil
stripped and stockpiled on-site in accordance with Section 31 00 00
EARTHWORK.
2.2.2 Off-Site Topsoil
Conform to requirements specified in paragraph entitled "Composition."
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Additional topsoil shall be furnished by the Contractor.
2.2.3 Composition
Containing from 5 to 10 percent organic matter as determined by the
topsoil composition tests of the Organic Carbon, 6A, Chemical Analysis
Method described in DOA SSIR 42. Maximum particle size, 3/4 inch, with
maximum 3 percent retained on 1/4 inch screen. The pH shall be tested in
accordance with ASTM D4972. Topsoil shall be free of sticks, stones,
roots, and other debris and objectionable materials. Other components
shall conform to the following limits:
Silt 25-50 percent
Clay 10-30 percent
Sand 20-35 percent
pH 5.5 to 7.0
Soluble Salts 600 ppm maximum
2.3 SOIL CONDITIONERS
Add conditioners to topsoil as required to bring into compliance with
"composition" standard for topsoil as specified herein.
2.3.1 Lime
Commercial grade hydrate limestone containing a calcium carbonate
equivalent (C.C.E.) as specified in ASTM C602 of not less than 80 percent.
2.3.2 Aluminum Sulfate
Commercial grade.
2.3.3 Sulfur
100 percent elemental
2.3.4 Iron
100 percent elemental
2.3.5 Peat
Natural product of peat moss derived from a freshwater site and conforming
to ASTM D4427. Shred and granulate peat to pass a 1/2 inch mesh screen
and condition in storage pile for minimum 6 months after excavation.
2.3.6 Sand
Clean and free of materials harmful to plants.
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2.3.7 Perlite
Horticultural grade.
2.3.8 Composted Derivatives
Ground bark, nitrolized sawdust, humus or other green wood waste material
free of stones, sticks, and soil stabilized with nitrogen and having the
following properties:
2.3.8.1 Particle Size
Minimum percent by weight passing:
No. 4 mesh screen 95
No. 8 mesh screen 80
2.3.8.2 Nitrogen Content
Minimum percent based on dry weight:
Fir Sawdust 0.7
Fir or Pine Bark 1.0
2.3.9 Gypsum
Coarsely ground gypsum comprised of calcium sulfate dihydrate 91 percent,
calcium 22 percent, sulfur 17 percent; minimum 96 percent passing through
20 mesh screen, 100 percent passing thru 16 mesh screen.
2.3.10 Calcined Clay
Calcined clay shall be granular particles produced from montmorillonite
clay calcined to a minimum temperature of 1200 degrees F. Gradation: A
minimum 90 percent shall pass a No. 8 sieve; a minimum 99 percent shall be
retained on a No. 60 sieve; and a maximum 2 percent shall pass a No. 100
sieve. Bulk density: A maximum 40 pounds per cubic foot.
2.4 FERTILIZER
2.4.1 Granular Fertilizer
Apply fertilizer/lime at rates as determined by laboratory soils analysis
of soils at the job site. In the absence of the soils analysis, apply lime
at 70 pounds per 1,000 square feet, or 1.5 tons per acre, and 10-20-20
fertilizer at a rate of 750 pounds per acre or 20 pounds per square feet.
2.5 WATER
Source of water shall be approved by Contracting Officer and of suitable
quality for irrigation containing no element toxic to plant life.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 PREPARATION
3.1.1 Extent Of Work
Provide soil preparation (including soil conditioners), fertilizing, and
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sodding of all newly graded finished earth surfaces, unless indicated
otherwise, and at all areas inside or outside the limits of construction
that are disturbed by the Contractor's operations.
3.1.2 Soil Preparation
Provide 4 inches of topsoil to meet indicated finish grade. After areas
have been brought to indicated finish grade, incorporate fertilizer pH
adjusters soil conditioners into soil a minimum depth of 4 inches by
disking, harrowing, tilling or other method approved by the Contracting
Officer. Remove debris and stones larger than 3/4 inch in any dimension
remaining on the surface after finish grading. Correct irregularities in
finish surfaces to eliminate depressions. Protect finished topsoil areas
from damage by vehicular or pedestrian traffic.
3.1.2.1 Soil Conditioner Application Rates
Apply soil conditioners at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis
of the soils at the job site.
3.1.2.2 Fertilizer Application Rates
Apply fertilizer at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis of the
soils at the job site.
3.2 SODDING
3.2.1 Finished Grade and Topsoil
Prior to the commencement of the sodding operation, the Contractor shall
verify that finished grades are as indicated on drawings; the placing of
topsoil, smooth grading, and compaction requirements have been completed
in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
The prepared surface shall be a maximum 1 inch below the adjoining grade
of any surfaced area. New surfaces shall be blended to existing areas.
The prepared surface shall be completed with a light raking to remove from
the surface debris and stones over a minimum 5/8 inch in any dimension.
3.2.2 Placing
Place sod a maximum of 36 hours after initial harvesting, in accordance
with TPI GSS as modified herein.
3.2.3 Sodding Slopes and Ditches
For slopes 2:1 and greater, lay sod with long edge perpendicular to the
contour. For V-ditches and flat bottomed ditches, lay sod with long edge
perpendicular to flow of water. Anchor each piece of sod with wood pegs or
wire staples maximum 2 feet on center. On slope areas, start sodding at
bottom of the slope.
3.2.4 Finishing
After completing sodding, blend edges of sodded area smoothly into
surrounding area. Air pockets shall be eliminated and a true and even
surface shall be provided. Frayed edges shall be trimmed and holes and
missing corners shall be patched with sod.
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3.2.5 Rolling
Immediately after sodding, firm entire area except for slopes in excess of
3 to 1 with a roller not exceeding 90 pounds for each foot of roller width.
3.2.6 Watering
Start watering areas sodded as required by daily temperature and wind
conditions. Apply water at a rate sufficient to ensure thorough wetting of
soil to minimum depth of 6 inches. Run-off, puddling, and wilting shall
be prevented. Unless otherwise directed, watering trucks shall not be
driven over turf areas. Watering of other adjacent areas or plant
material shall be prevented.
3.3 PROTECTION OF TURF AREAS
Immediately after turfing, protect area against traffic and other use.
3.4 RESTORATION
Restore to original condition existing turf areas which have been damaged
during turf installation operations. Keep clean at all times at least one
paved pedestrian access route and one paved vehicular access route to each
building. Clean other paving when work in adjacent areas is complete.
-- End of Section --
SECTION 32 92 23 Page 7
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SECTION 32 93 00
EXTERIOR PLANTS
02/10
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
AMERICAN NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION (ANLA)
ANSI/ANLA Z60.1 (2004) American Standard for Nursery Stock
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM A580/A580M (2013a) Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel Wire
ASTM C602 (2013) Agricultural Liming Materials
ASTM D1972 (1997; R 2005) Standard Practice for
Generic Marking of Plastic Products
ASTM D4427 (2013) Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
ASTM D4972 (2001; R 2007) pH of Soils
ASTM D5268 (2007) Topsoil Used for Landscaping
Purposes
ASTM D5539 (2013) Seed Starter Mix
ASTM D5852 (2000; R 2007) Standard Test Method for
Erodibility Determination of Soil in the
Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet
Index Method
ASTM D6629 (2001; E 2012; R 2012) Selection of
Methods for Estimating Soil Loss by Erosion
FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL (FSC)
FSC STD 01 001 (2000) Principles and Criteria for Forest
Stewardship
L.H. BAILEY HORTORIUM (LHBH)
LHBH (1976) Hortus Third
TREE CARE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (TCIA)
TCIA A300P1 (2008) ANSI A300 Part1: Tree Care
Operations - Trees, Shrubs and Other Woody
Plant Maintenance Standard Practices -
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Pruning
TCIA Z133.1 (2006) American National Standard for
Arboricultural Operations - Pruning,
Repairing, Maintaining, and Removing
Trees, and Cutting Brush - Safety
Requirements
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)
DOA SSIR 42 (1996) Soil Survey Investigation Report
No. 42, Soil Survey Laboratory Methods
Manual, Version 3.0
U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (USGBC)
LEED NC (2009) Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design(tm) New Construction
Rating System
Fort Bragg Installation Design Guide
FBIDG Section 2.2.5 Landscape
1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK, Section 32 92 19 SEEDING, and Section 32 05 33
LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT applies to this section for pesticide use and
plant establishment requirements, with additions and modifications herein.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. The following shall be submitted
in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals
State Landscape Contractor's License
Time Restrictions and Planting Conditions
Indicate anticipated dates and locations for each type of
planting.
SD-03 Product Data
Local/Regional Materials; (LEED NC)
Submit documentation indicating distance between manufacturing
facility and the project site. Indicate distance of raw material
origin from the project site. Indicate relative dollar value of
local/regional materials to total dollar value of products
included in project.
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Peat
Composted Derivatives
Rotted Manure
Organic Mulch Materials
Submit documentation indicating type of biobased material in
product and biobased content. Indicate relative dollar value of
biobased content products to total dollar value of products
included in project.
Gypsum; (LEED NC)
Mulch; G
Ground Stakes
Hose; (LEED NC)
Submit documentation indicating percentage of post-industrial
and post-consumer recycled content per unit of product. Indicate
relative dollar value of recycled content products to total dollar
value of products included in project.
Fertilizer
Weed control fabric; G
Root control barrier; G
Staking Material
Ground Stakes
Submit documentation certifying products are from
salvaged/recovered lumber sources and indicating percentage of
salvaged/recovered content per unit of product.
Metal anchors
Antidesiccants
Erosion control materials
Photographs; G
SD-04 Samples
Mulch; G
Submit one pint of mulch.
SD-06 Test Reports
Topsoil composition tests; Soil Test of current growing area; Soil
Test of proposed area; Soil Test location map
Percolation Test; Percolation Test of current growing area;
Percolation Test of proposed area
SD-07 Certificates
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification; (LEED NC)
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Nursery certifications
Indicate names of plants in accordance with the LHBH, including type,
quality, and size.
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Plastic Identification
When not labeled, identify types in Operation and Maintenance
Manual.
1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.4.1 Topsoil Composition Tests
Commercial test from an independent testing laboratory including basic
soil groups (moisture and saturation percentages,
Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (N-P-K) ratio, pH (ASTM D4972), soil
salinity), secondary nutrient groups (calcium, magnesium, sodium, Sodium
Absorption Ratio (SAR)), micronutrients (zinc, manganese, iron, copper),
toxic soil elements (boron, chloride, sulfate), cation exchange and base
saturation percentages, and soil amendment and fertilizer recommendations
with quantities for plant material being transplanted. Soil required for
each test shall include a maximum depth of 18 inches of approximately 1
quart volume for each test. Areas sampled should not be larger than 1 acre
and should contain at least 6-8 cores for each sample area and be
thoroughly mixed. Problem areas should be sampled separately and compared
with samples taken from adjacent non-problem areas. The location of the
sample areas should be noted and marked on a parcel or planting map for
future reference.
1.4.2 Nursery Certifications
a. Indicate on nursery letterhead the name of plants in accordance with
the LHBH, including botanical common names, quality, and size.
b. Inspection certificate.
c. Mycorrhizal fungi inoculum for plant material treated
1.4.3 State Landscape Contractor's License
Construction company shall hold a landscape contractors license in the
state where the work is performed and have a minimum of five years
landscape construction experience. Submit copy of license and three
references for similar work completed in the last five years.
1.4.4 Plant Material Photographs
Contractor shall submit nursery photographs, for government approval prior
to ordering, for each tree larger than 24-inch box/ 2-inch caliper size.
1.4.5 Percolation Test
Immediately following rough grading operation, identify a typical location
for one of the largest trees and or shrubs and excavate a pit per the
project details. Fill the pit with water to a depth of 12 inches. The
length of time required for the water to percolate into the soil, leaving
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the pit empty, shall be measured by the project Landscape Architect and
verified by the Contracting Officer. Within six hours of the time the
water has drained from the pit, the Contractor, with the Contracting
Officer and project Landscape Architect present, shall again fill the pit
with water to a depth of 12 inches. If the water does not completely
percolate into the soil within 9 hours, a determination shall be made
whether a drainage system or a soil penetrant will be required for each
tree and or shrub being transplanted.
1.4.6 Erosion Assessment
Assess potential effects of soil management practices on soil loss in
accordance with ASTM D6629. Assess erodibility of soil with dominant soil
structure less than 2.8 to 3.1 inches in accordance with ASTM D5852.
1.4.7 Pre-Installation Meeting
Convene a pre-installation meeting a minimum of one week prior to
commencing work of this section. Require attendance of parties directly
affecting work of this section. Review conditions of operations,
procedures and coordination with related work. Agenda shall include the
following:
a. Tour, inspect, and discuss conditions of planting materials.
b. Review planting schedule and maintenance.
c. Review required inspections.
d. Review environmental procedures.
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Delivery
1.5.1.1 Branched Plant Delivery
Deliver with branches tied and exposed branches covered with material
which allows air circulation. Prevent damage to branches, trunks, root
systems, and root balls and desiccation of leaves.
1.5.1.2 Soil Amendment Delivery
Deliver to the site in original, unopened containers bearing
manufacturer's chemical analysis, name, trade name, or trademark, and
indication of conformance to state and federal laws. Instead of
containers, fertilizer, gypsum, sulfur, iron, and lime may be furnished in
bulk with a certificate indicating the above information. Store in dry
locations away from contaminates.
1.5.1.3 Plant Labels
Deliver plants with durable waterproof labels in weather-resistant ink.
Provide labels stating the correct botanical and common plant name and
variety as applicable and size as specified in the list of required
plants. Attach to plants, bundles, and containers of plants. Groups of
plants may be labeled by tagging one plant. Labels shall be legible for a
minimum of 60 days after delivery to the planting site.
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1.5.2 Storage
1.5.2.1 Plant Storage and Protection
Store and protect plants not planted on the day of arrival at the site as
follows:
a. Shade and protect plants in outside storage areas from the wind and
direct sunlight until planted.
b. Heel-in bare root plants.
c. Protect balled and burlapped plants from freezing or drying out by
covering the balls or roots with moist burlap, sawdust, wood chips,
shredded bark, peat moss, or other approved material. Provide
covering which allows air circulation.
d. Keep plants in a moist condition until planted by watering with a fine
mist spray.
e. Do not store plant material directly on concrete or bituminous
surfaces.
1.5.2.2 Fertilizer, Gypsum, pH Adjusters and Mulch Storage
Store in dry locations away from contaminants.
1.5.2.3 Topsoil
Prior to stockpiling topsoil, eradicate on site undesirable growing
vegetation. Clear and grub existing vegetation three to four weeks prior
to stockpiling existing topsoil.
1.5.2.4 Root Control Barrier and Weed Control Fabric
Store materials on site in enclosures or under protective covering in dry
location. Store under cover out of direct sunlight. Do not store
materials directly on ground.
1.5.3 Handling
Do not drop or dump plants from vehicles. Avoid damaging plants being
moved from nursery or storage area to planting site. Handle boxed, balled
and burlapped, balled and potted, processed balled, in-ground fabric bag
grown or container plants carefully to avoid damaging or breaking the
earth ball or root structure. Do not handle plants by the trunk or stem.
Puddle bare-root plants after removal from the heeling-in bed to protect
roots from drying out. Remove damaged plants from the site.
1.5.4 TIME LIMITATION
Except for container-grown plant material, the time limitation from
digging to installing plant material shall be a maximum of 90 days. The
time limitation between installing the plant material and placing the
mulch shall be a maximum of 24 hours.
1.6 TIME RESTRICTIONS AND PLANTING CONDITIONS
Coordinate installation of planting materials during optimal planting
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seasons for each type of plant material required.
1.6.1 Planting Dates
Plant all plants from March 1 to December 15.
1.6.1.1 Deciduous Material
Deciduous material from March 1 to June 1 for spring/summer planting and
from October 15 to December 15 for fall/winter planting.
1.6.1.2 Evergreen Material
Evergreen material from March 1 to June 1 for spring/summer planting and
from October 15 to December 15 for fall/winter planting.
1.6.2 Restrictions
Do not plant when ground is frozen, snow covered, muddy, or when air
temperature exceeds 90 degrees Fahrenheit
1.7 GUARANTEE
All plants shall be guaranteed for one year beginning on the date of
inspection by the Contracting Officer to commence the plant establishment
period, against defects including death and unsatisfactory growth, except
for defects resulting from lack of adequate maintenance, neglect, or abuse
by the Government or by weather conditions unusual for the warranty period.
Transplanted plants require no guarantee.
At end of warranty period, replace planting materials that die or have 25
percent or more of their branches that die during the construction
operations or the guarantee period.
1.8 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1.8.1 Local/Regional Materials
Use materials or products extracted, harvested, or recovered, as well as
manufactured, within a 500 mile radius from the project site, if available
from a minimum of three sources.See Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY
for cumulative total local material requirements. Landscaping materials
may be locally available.
1.8.2 Plastic Identification
Verify that plastic products to be incorporated into the project are
labeled in accordance with ASTM D1972. Where products are not labeled,
provide product data indicating polymeric information in Operation and
Maintenance Manual.
Type 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE).
Type 2: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
Type 3: Vinyl (Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC).
Type 4: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Type 5: Polypropylene (PP).
Type 6: Polystyrene (PS).
Type 7: Other. Use of this code indicates that the package in question is
made with a resin other than the six listed above, or is made of more than
one resin listed above, and used in a multi-layer combination.
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1.8.3 Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification
Use FSC-certified wood where specified. Provide letter of certification
signed by lumber supplier. Indicate compliance with FSC STD 01 001 and
identify certifying organization. Submit FSC certification numbers;
identify each certified product on a line-item basis. Submit copies of
invoices bearing the FSC certification numbers.
1.9 Sub Title
Refer to Fort Bragg Installation Design Guide (FBIDG) for additional
information.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 PLANTS
2.1.1 Regulations and Varieties
Existing trees and shrubs to remain shall be protected and a planting plan
be arranged around them. Furnish nursery stock in accordance with
ANSI/ANLA Z60.1, except as otherwise specified or indicated. Each plant
or group of planting shall have a "key" number indicated on the nursery
certifications of the plant schedule. Furnish plants, including turf
grass, grown under climatic conditions similar to those in the locality of
the project. Plants specified shall be indigenous, low maintenance
varieties, tolerant of site's existing soils and climate without
supplemental irrigation or fertilization once established. Spray plants
budding into leaf or having soft growth with an antidesiccant before
digging. Plants of the same specified size shall be of uniform size and
character of growth. Plants shall be chosen with their mature size and
growth habit in mind to avoid over-planting and conflict with other
plants, structures or underground utility lines. All plants shall comply
with all Federal and State Laws requiring inspection for plant diseases
and infestation.
2.1.2 Shape and Condition
Well-branched, well-formed, sound, vigorous, healthy planting stock free
from disease, sunscald, windburn, abrasion, and harmful insects or insect
eggs and having a healthy, normal, and undamaged root system.
2.1.2.1 Deciduous Trees and Shrubs
Symmetrically developed and of uniform habit of growth, with straight
boles or stems, and free from objectionable disfigurements.
2.1.2.2 Evergreen Trees and Shrubs
Well developed symmetrical tops with typical spread of branches for each
particular species or variety.
2.1.2.3 Ground Covers and Vines
Number and length of runners and clump sizes indicated, and of the proper
age for the grade of plants indicated, furnished in removable containers,
integral containers, or formed homogeneous soil section.
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2.1.3 Plant Size
Minimum sizes measured after pruning and with branches in normal position,
shall conform to measurements indicated, based on the average width or
height of the plant for the species as specified in ANSI/ANLA Z60.1.
Plants larger in size than specified may be provided with approval of the
Contracting Officer . When larger plants are provided, increase the ball
of earth or spread of roots in accordance with ANSI/ANLA Z60.1.
2.1.4 Root Ball Size
All box-grown, field potted, field boxed, collected, plantation grown,
bare root, balled and burlapped, container grown, processed-balled, and
in-ground fabric bag-grown root balls shall conform to ANSI/ANLA Z60.1.
All wrappings and ties shall be biodegradable. Root growth in container
grown plants shall be sufficient to hold earth intact when removed from
containers. Root bound plants will not be accepted.
2.1.4.1 Mycorrhizal fungi inoculum
Before shipment, root systems shall contain mycorrhizal fungi inoculum.
2.1.5 Growth of Trunk and Crown
2.1.5.1 Deciduous Trees
A height to caliper relationship shall be provided in accordance with
ANSI/ANLA Z60.1. Height of branching shall bear a relationship to the
size and species of tree specified and with the crown in good balance with
the trunk. The trees shall not be "poled" or the leader removed.
a. Single stem: The trunk shall be reasonably straight and symmetrical
with crown and have a persistent main leader.
b. Multi-stem: All countable stems, in aggregate, shall average the size
specified. To be considered a stem, there shall be no division of the
trunk which branches more than 6 inches from ground level.
2.1.5.2 Palms
Palms shall have the specified height as measured from the base of the
trunk to the base of the fronds or foliage in accordance with
ANSI/ANLA Z60.1. The palm shall have straight trunk and healthy fronds or
foliage as typical for the variety grown in the region of the project.
Palms trimmed or pruned for delivery shall retain a minimum of 6 inches of
foliage at the crown as a means of determining plant health.
2.1.5.3 Deciduous Shrubs
Deciduous shrubs shall have the height and number of primary stems
recommended by ANSI/ANLA Z60.1. Acceptable plant material shall be well
shaped, with sufficient well-spaced side branches, and recognized by the
trade as typical for the species grown in the region of the project.
2.1.5.4 Coniferous Evergreen Plant Material
Coniferous Evergreen plant material shall have the height-to-spread ratio
recommended by ANSI/ANLA Z60.1. The coniferous evergreen trees shall not
be "poled" or the leader removed. Acceptable plant material shall be
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
exceptionally heavy, well shaped and trimmed to form a symmetrical and
tightly knit plant. The form of growth desired shall be as indicated.
2.1.5.5 Broadleaf Evergreen Plant Material
Broadleaf evergreen plant material shall have the height-to-spread ratio
recommended by ANSI/ANLA Z60.1. Acceptable plant material shall be well
shaped and recognized by the trade as typical for the variety grown in the
region of the project.
2.1.5.6 Ground Cover and Vine Plant Material
Ground cover and vine plant material shall have the minimum number of
runners and length of runner recommended by ANSI/ANLA Z60.1. Plant
material shall have heavy, well developed and balanced crown with
vigorous, well developed root system and shall be furnished in containers.
2.2 TOPSOIL
2.2.1 Existing Soil
Modify to conform to requirements specified in paragraph entitled
"Composition."
2.2.2 On-Site Topsoil
Surface soil stripped and stockpiled on site and modified as necessary to
meet the requirements specified for topsoil in paragraph entitled
"Composition." When available topsoil shall be existing surface soil
stripped and stockpiled on-site in accordance with Section 31 00 00
EARTHWORK.
2.2.3 Off-Site Topsoil
Conform to requirements specified in paragraph entitled "Composition."
Additional topsoil shall be furnished by the Contractor .
2.2.4 Composition
Evaluate soil for use as topsoil in accordance with ASTM D5268. From 5 to
10 percent organic matter as determined by the topsoil composition tests
of the Organic Carbon, 6A, Chemical Analysis Method described in
DOA SSIR 42. Maximum particle size, 3/4 inch, with maximum 3 percent
retained on 1/4 inch screen. The pH shall be tested in accordance with
ASTM D4972. Topsoil shall be free of sticks, stones, roots, plants, and
other debris and objectionable materials. Other components shall conform
to the following limits:
Silt 25-50 percent
Clay 10-30 percent
Sand 20-35 percent
pH 5.5 to 7.0
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Soluble Salts 600 ppm maximum
2.3 SOIL CONDITIONERS
Provide singly or in combination as required to meet specified
requirements for topsoil. Soil conditioners shall be nontoxic to plants.
2.3.1 Lime
Commercial grade hydrated or burnt limestone containing a calcium
carbonate equivalent (C.C.E.) as specified in ASTM C602 of not less than 80
percent.
2.3.2 Aluminum Sulfate
Commercial grade.
2.3.3 Sulfur
100 percent elemental
2.3.4 Iron
100 percent elemental
2.3.5 Peat
Natural product of peat moss derived from a freshwater site and conforming
to ASTM D4427 ASTM D5539 as modified herein. Shred and granulate peat to
pass a 1/2 inch mesh screen and condition in storage pile for minimum 6
months after excavation. Biobased content shall be a minimum of 100
percent. Peat shall not contain invasive species, including seeds.
2.3.6 Sand
Clean and free of materials harmful to plants.
2.3.7 Perlite
Horticultural grade.
2.3.8 Composted Derivatives
Ground bark, nitrolized sawdust, humus or other green wood waste material
free of stones, sticks, invasive species, including seeds, and soil
stabilized with nitrogen and having the following properties:
2.3.8.1 Particle Size
Minimum percent by weight passing:
No. 4 mesh screen 95
No. 8 mesh screen 80
2.3.8.2 Nitrogen Content
Minimum percent based on dry weight:
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
Fir Sawdust 0.7
Fir or Pine Bark 1.0
2.3.8.3 Biobased Content
Minimum 100 percent.
2.3.9 Gypsum
Coarsely ground gypsum from recycled scrap gypsum board comprised of
calcium sulfate dihydrate 91 percent, calcium 22 percent, sulfur 17
percent; minimum 96 percent passing through 20 mesh screen, 100 percent
passing thru 16 mesh screen.
2.3.10 Vermiculite
Horticultural grade for planters.
2.3.11 Rotted Manure
Well rotted horse or cattle manure containing maximum 25 percent by volume
of straw, sawdust, or other bedding materials; free of seeds, stones,
sticks, soil, and other invasive species.
2.4 PLANTING SOIL MIXTURES
Sandy topsoil: one part topsoil to one part peat; clay topsoil: two
parts topsoil to one part peat. Thoroughly mix all parts of planting soil
mixture to a uniform blend throughout.
2.5 FERTILIZER
Fertilizer for groundcover, wildflowers and grasses is not permitted.
Fertilizer for trees, plants, and shrubs shall be as recommended by plant
supplier, except synthetic chemical fertilizers are not permitted.
Fertilizers containing petrochemical additives or that have been treated
with pesticides or herbicides are not permitted.
2.5.1 Granular Fertilizer
Organic, granular controlled release fertilizer containing the following
minimum percentages, by weight, of plant food nutrients:
10 percent available nitrogen
15 percent available phosphorus
10 percent available potassium
5 percent sulfur
10 percent iron
2.5.2 Fertilizer Tablets
Organic, plant tablets composed of tightly compressed fertilizer chips
forming a tablet that is insoluble in water, is designed to provide a
continuous release of nutrients for at least 24 months and contains the
following minimum percentages, by weight, of plant food nutrients:
20 percent available nitrogen
20 percent available phosphorus
5 percent available potassium
SECTION 32 93 00 Page 12
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2.6 WEED CONTROL FABRIC
2.6.1 Roll Type Polypropylene or Polyester Mats
Fabric shall be woven, needle punched or non-woven and treated for
protection against deterioration due to ultraviolet radiation. Fabric
shall be minimum 99 percent opaque to prevent photosynthesis and seed
germination from occurring, yet allowing air, water and nutrients to pass
thru to the roots. Minimum weight shall be 5 ounces per square yard with a
minimum thickness of 20 mils with a 20 year (minimum) guarantee.
2.7 MULCH
Free from noxious weeds, mold, pesticides, or other deleterious materials.
2.7.1 Organic Mulch Materials
Shredded hardwood from site when available. Biobased content shall be a
minimum of 100 percent. Wood-based hydraulic mulch shall contain a
minimum of 100 percent recycled material.
2.7.2 Recycled Organic Mulch
Recycled mulch may include compost, tree trimmings, or pine needles with a
gradation that passes through a 2-1/2 by 2-1/2 inchscreen. It shall be
cleaned of all sticks a minimum 1 inch in diameter and plastic materials a
minimum 3 inches length. The material shall be treated to retard the
growth of mold and fungi.
2.8 STAKING AND GUYING MATERIAL
2.8.1 Staking Material
2.8.1.1 Tree Support Stakes
Rough sawn FSC-certified or salvaged hard wood free of knots, rot, cross
grain, bark, long slivers, or other defects that impair strength. Stakes
shall be minimum 2 inches square or 2 1/2 inch diameter by 8 feet long,
pointed at one end. Paint or stain wood stakes dark brown..
2.8.1.2 Ground Stakes
FSC-certified or salvaged wood or 100 percent post-consumer recycled
content plastic, 2 inches square are by 3 feet long, pointed at one end.
2.8.2 Guying Material
2.8.2.1 Guying Wire
12 gauge annealed galvanized steel, ASTM A580/A580M.
2.8.2.2 Guying Cable
Minimum five-strand, 3/16 inch diameter galvanized steel cable plastic
coated.
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2.8.3 Hose Chafing Guards
New or used 2 ply 3/4 inch diameter reinforced rubber or plastic hose,
black or dark green, all of same color.
2.8.4 Flags
White surveyor's plastic tape, 1/2 inch diameter PVC pipe, 12 inches long,
fastened to guying wires or cables.
2.8.5 Turnbuckles
Galvanized or cadmium-plated steel with minimum 3 inch long openings
fitted with screw eyes. Eye bolts shall be galvanized or cadmium-plated
steel with one inch diameter eyes and screw length 1 1/2 inches, minimum.
2.8.6 Deadmen
4 by 8 inch rectangular or 8 inch diameter by36 inch long, pine or fir
wood material.
2.8.7 Metal Anchors
2.8.7.1 Driven Anchors
Malleable iron, arrow shaped, galvanized, sized as follows:
Tree Caliper Anchor Size
2 inches and under 3 inches
3 to 6 inches 4 inches
6 to 8 inches 6 inches
8 to 10 inches 8 inches
10 to 12 inches 10 inches
2.8.7.2 Screw Anchors
Steel, screw type with welded-on 3 inch round helical steel plate, minimum
3/8 inch diameter, 15 inches long.
2.9 ANTIDESICCANTS
Sprayable, water insoluble vinyl-vinledine complex which produce a
moisture retarding barrier not removable by rain or snow. Film shall form
at temperatures commonly encountered out of doors during planting season
and have a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVT) of the resultant film of
maximum 10 grams per 24 hours at 70 percent humidity.
2.10 EROSION CONTROL MATERIALS
Erosion control material shall conform to the following:
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2.10.1 Erosion Control Blanket
100 percent agricultural straw stitched with a degradable nettings,
designed to degrade within 12 months.
2.10.2 Erosion Control Fabric
Fabric shall be knitted construction of polypropylene yarn with uniform
mesh openings 3/4 to 1 inch square with strips of biodegradable paper.
Filler paper strips shall have a minimum life of 6 months.
2.10.3 Erosion Control Net
Net shall be heavy, twisted jute mesh, weighing approximately 1.22 pounds
per linear yard and 4 feet wide with mesh openings of approximately 1 inch
square.
2.10.4 Hydrophilic Colloids
Hydrophilic colloids shall be physiologically harmless to plant and animal
life without phytotoxic agents. Colloids shall be naturally occurring,
silicate powder based, and shall form a water insoluble membrane after
curing. Colloids shall resist mold growth.
2.10.5 Erosion Control Material Anchors
Erosion control anchors shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.
2.11 ROOT CONTROL BARRIER
Flexible and permeable geotextile fabric with permanently attached
time-released nodules. Color to be black. Pre-formed, round, tapered
cylinder, linear barrier with integral vertical root deflecting ribs
constructed of ultraviolet resistant polypropylene material. Color to be
black.
2.12 WATER
Source of water to be approved by Contracting Officer and suitable quality
for irrigation and shall not contain elements toxic to plant life,
including acids, alkalis, salts, chemical pollutants, and organic matter.
Use collected storm water or graywater when available.
2.12.1 Hose
Hoses used for watering shall be a minimum of 70 percent post-consumer
rubber or plastic.
2.13 MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INOCULUM
Mycorrhizal fungi inoculum shall be composed of multiple-fungus inoculum
as recommended by the manufacturer for the plant material specified.
2.14 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
The Contracting Officerand Landscape Architect of Record will inspect
plant materials at the project site and approve them. Tag plant materials
for size and quality.
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXTENT OF WORK
Provide soil preparation, fertilizing, tree, shrub, perennial flowers, and
planting, edging, staking and guying, weed control fabric,, erosion
control materialand root control barrier installation and a mulch
topdressing of all newly graded finished earth surfaces, unless indicated
otherwise, and at all areas inside or outside the limits of construction
that are disturbed by the Contractor's operations.
3.2 ALTERNATIVE HERBICIDE TREATMENT (SOLARIZING SOIL)
Within 48 hours of subsoil preparation, saturate soil with water to a
depth of 3 feet. Immediately stake polyethylene sheeting over area to be
planted. Stake tightly to surface of soil. Maintain sheeting in place
for a minimum of 6 weeks. Immediately after removing sheeting, cover area
to be planted with topsoil. Do not till soil prior to applying topsoil.
3.3 PREPARATION

3.3.1 Protection
Protect existing and proposed landscape features, elements, and sites from
damage or contamination. Protect trees, vegetation, and other designated
features by erecting high-visibility, reusable construction fencing.
Locate fence no closer to trees than the drip line. Plan equipment and
vehicle access to minimize and confine soil disturbance and compaction to
areas indicated on Drawings.
3.3.2 Layout
Stake out approved plant material locations and planter bed outlines on
the project site before digging plant pits or beds. The Contracting
Officer reserves the right to adjust plant material locations to meet
field conditions. Do not plant closer than 12 inches to a building wall,
pavement edge, fence or wall edge and other similar structures. Provide
on-site locations for excavated rock, soil, and vegetation.
3.3.3 Erosion Control
Provide erosion control and seeding with native plant species to protect
slopes.
3.3.4 Soil Preparation
3.3.4.1 pH Adjuster Application Rates
Apply pH adjuster at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis of
the soils at the job site.
3.3.4.2 Soil Conditioner Application Rates
Apply soil conditioners at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis
of the soils at the job site.
3.3.4.3 Fertilizer Application Rates
Apply fertilizer at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis of
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the soils at the job site.
Fertilizer Tablets for Trees and Shrubs
Container/Caliper Size Tablet Size No. of Tablets
Shrub:1 to 3 gallon 10-gram size 2
Tree:4 ft. to 6 ft. ot 1 1/2
inch to 2 inch caliper
21-gram size 3
3.4 PLANT BED PREPARATION
Verify location of underground utilities prior to excavation. Protect
existing adjacent turf before excavations are made. Do not disturb
topsoil and vegetation in areas outside those indicated on Drawings.
Where planting beds occur in existing turf areas, remove turf to a depth
that will ensure removal of entire root system. Measure depth of plant
pits from finished grade. Depth of plant pit excavation shall be as
indicated and provide proper relation between top of root ball and
finished grade. Install plant material as specified in paragraph entitled
"Plant Installation." Do not install trees within 8 feet of any utility
lines or building walls.
3.5 PLANT INSTALLATION
3.5.1 Individual Plant Pit Excavation
Excavate pits at least twice as large in diameter as the size of ball or
container to depth shown.
3.5.2 Plant Beds with Multiple Plants
Excavate plant beds continuously throughout entire bed as outlined to
depth shown.
3.5.3 Handling and Setting
Move plant materials only by supporting the root ball and/or container.
Set plants on hand compacted layer of prepared backfill soil mixture 6
inches thick and hold plumb in the center of the pit until soil has been
tamped firmly around root ball. Set plant materials, in relation to
surrounding finish grade, one to 2 inches above depth at which they were
grown in the nursery, collecting field or container. Replace plant
material whose root balls are cracked or damaged either before or during
the planting process.
Plant material shall be set in plant beds according to the drawings.
Backfill soil mixture shall be placed on previously scarified subsoil to
completely surround the root balls, and shall be brought to a smooth and
even surface, blending to existing areas.
3.5.3.1 Balled and Burlapped Stock
Backfill with prepared soil mixture and topsoil to approximately half the
depth of ball and then tamp and water. Carefully remove or fold back
excess burlap and tying materials from the top a minimum 1/3 depth from
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the top of the rootball. Tamp and complete backfill, place mulch
topdressing, and water. Remove wires and non-biodegradable materials
from plant pit prior to backfill operations.
3.5.3.2 Bare-Root Stock
Plant so roots are arranged in a natural position. Place roots in water a
minimum of 30 minutes prior to planting. Carefully work prepared soil
mixture and topsoil among roots. Tamp remainder of backfill, place mulch
topdressing and water.
3.5.3.3 Container Grown Stock
Remove from container and prevent damage to plant or root system.
3.5.4 Earth Mounded Watering Basin for Individual Plant Pits
Form with topsoil around each plant by replacing a mound of topsoil around
the edge of each plant pit. Watering basins shall be 6 inches deep for
trees and 4 inches deep for shrubs. Eliminate basins around plants in
plant beds containing multiple plants.
3.5.5 Weed Control Fabric Installation
Remove grass and weed vegetation, including roots, from within the area
enclosed by edging. Completely cover areas enclosed by edging with
specified weed control fabric prior to placing mulch layer. Overlap cut
edges 6 inches.
3.5.6 Erosion Control Material
Install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
3.5.7 Placement of Mulch Topdressing
Place specified mulch topdressing on top of weed control fabric covering
total area enclosed by edging. Place mulch topdressing to a depth of 3
inches.
3.5.8 Mulch Topdressing
Provide mulch topdressing over entire planter bed surfaces and individual
plant surfaces including earth mound watering basin around plants to a
depth of 3 inches after completion of plant installation and before
watering. Keep mulch out of the crowns of shrubs. Place mulch a minimum
2 to 3 inches away from trunk of shrub or tree. Place on top of any weed
control fabric.
3.5.9 Installation of Edging
Uniformly edge beds of plants to provide a clear cut division line between
planted area and adjacent lawn. Construct bed shapes as indicated.
3.5.10 Fertilization
3.5.10.1 Fertilizer Tablets
Place fertilizer planting tablets evenly spaced around the plant pits to
the manufacturer's recommended depth.
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3.5.10.2 Granular Fertilizer
Apply granular fertilizer as a top coat prior to placing mulch layer and
water thoroughly.
3.5.11 Watering
Start watering areas planted as required by temperature and wind
conditions. Slow deep watering shall be used. Apply water at a rate
sufficient to ensure thorough wetting of soil to a depth of 12 inches
without run off or puddling. Watering of other plant material or adjacent
areas shall be prevented.
3.5.12 Staking and Guying
3.5.12.1 Staking
Stake plants with the number of stakes indicated complete with double
strand of 12 gage guy wire as detailed. Attach guy wire half the tree
height but not more than 5 feet high. Drive stakes to a depth of 2 1/2 to
3 feet into the ground outside the plant pit. Do not injure the root
ball. Use hose chafer guards where guy wire comes in contact with tree
trunk.
3.5.12.2 Guying
Guy plants as indicated. Attach two strands of guying wire and/or guying
cable around the tree trunk at an angle of 45 degrees at approximately 1/2
of the trunk height. Protect tree trunks with chafing guards where guying
wire and/or cable contacts the tree trunk. Anchor guys to wood ground
stakes, malleable iron anchors, steel screw anchors. Fasten flags to each
guying wire or cable approximately 2/3 of the distance up from ground
level. Provide turnbuckles as indicated.
3.5.12.3 Chafing Guards
Use hose chafing guards, as specified where guy wire and/or cable will
contact the plant.
3.5.12.4 Wood Ground Stakes
Drive wood ground stakes into firm ground outside of plant pit with top of
stake flush with ground. Place equal distance from tree trunk and around
the plant pit.
3.5.12.5 Iron Anchors
Drive malleable iron anchors into firm ground outside of plant pit a
minimum 30 inches below finish grade. Place equal distance from tree
trunk and around the plant pit.
3.5.12.6 Steel Screw Anchors
Insert steel screw anchors as recommended in manufacturer's data. Place
equal distance from tree trunk and around the plant pit.
SECTION 32 93 00 Page 19
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3.5.12.7 Flags
Securely fasten flags on each guy wire andcable approximately two-thirds
of the distance up from ground level.
3.5.13 Pruning
Prune in accordance with safety requirement of TCIA Z133.1.
3.5.13.1 Trees and Shrubs
Remove dead and broken branches. Prune to correct structural defects
only. Retain typical growth shape of individual plants with as much
height and spread as practical. Do not cut central leader on trees. Make
cuts with sharp instruments. Do not flush cut with trunk or adjacent
branches. Collars shall remain in place. Pruning shall be accomplished by
trained and experienced personnel and shall be accordance with TCIA A300P1.
3.5.13.2 Wound Dressing
Do not apply tree wound dressing to cuts.
3.6 RESTORATION AND CLEAN UP
3.6.1 Restoration
Turf areas, pavements and facilities that have been damaged from the
planting operation shall be restored to original condition at the
Contractor's expense.
3.6.2 Clean Up
Excess and waste material shall be removed from the installed area and
shall be disposed offsite at an approved landfill, recycling center, or
composting center. Separate and recycle or reuse the following landscape
waste materials: nylon straps, wire, ball wrap, burlap, and wood stakes.
Adjacent paved areas shall be cleared.
-- End of Section --
SECTION 32 93 00 Page 20
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SECTION 33 40 00
STORM DRAINAGE UTILITIES
02/10
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
AMERICAN RAILWAY ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY ASSOCIATION
(AREMA)
AREMA Eng Man (2012) Manual for Railway Engineering
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM A123/A123M (2012) Standard Specification for Zinc
(Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and
Steel Products
ASTM A48/A48M (2003; R 2012) Standard Specification for
Gray Iron Castings
ASTM A536 (1984; R 2009) Standard Specification for
Ductile Iron Castings
ASTM B26/B26M (2012) Standard Specification for
Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings
ASTM C1103 (2003; R 2009) Standard Practice for Joint
Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast
Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
ASTM C231/C231M (2010) Standard Test Method for Air
Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
Pressure Method
ASTM C270 (2012a) Standard Specification for Mortar
for Unit Masonry
ASTM C425 (2004; R 2009) Standard Specification for
Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe
and Fittings
ASTM C443 (2011) Standard Specification for Joints
for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using
Rubber Gaskets
ASTM C478 (2013) Standard Specification for Precast
Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections
ASTM C76 (2013a) Standard Specification for
Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain,
SECTION 33 40 00 Page 1
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
and Sewer Pipe
ASTM C828 (2011) Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
Clay Pipe Lines
ASTM C877 (2008) External Sealing Bands for Concrete
Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections
ASTM C923 (2008; R 2013) Standard Specification for
Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced
Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes and
Laterals
ASTM C924 (2002; R 2009) Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer
Lines by Low-Pressure Air Test Method
ASTM C990 (2009) Standard Specification for Joints
for Concrete Pipe, Manholes and Precast
Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible
Joint Sealants
ASTM D1056 (2007) Standard Specification for Flexible
Cellular Materials - Sponge or Expanded
Rubber
ASTM D1171 (1999; R 2007) Rubber Deterioration -
Surface Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber
(Triangular Specimens)
ASTM D1557 (2012) Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000
ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)
ASTM D1751 (2004; R 2008) Standard Specification for
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for
Concrete Paving and Structural
Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient
Bituminous Types)
ASTM D1752 (2004a; R 2008) Standard Specification for
Preformed Sponge Rubber Cork and Recycled
PVC Expansion
ASTM D1784 (2011) Standard Specification for Rigid
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Compounds
ASTM D2167 (2008) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
ASTM D2321 (2011) Standard Practice for Underground
Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for
Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
ASTM D2729 (2011) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer
Pipe and Fittings
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SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
ASTM D3212 (2007; R 2013) Standard Specification for
Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes
Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
ASTM D6938 (2010) Standard Test Method for In-Place
Density and Water Content of Soil and
Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
Depth)
ASTM F1417 (2011a) Standard Test Method for
Installation Acceptance of Plastic Gravity
Sewer Lines Using Low Pressure Air
ASTM F2881 (2011) Standard Specification for 12 to 60
in. (300 to 1500 mm) Polypropylene (PP)
Dual Wall Pipe and Fittings for
Non-Pressure Storm Sewer Applications
ASTM F679 (2008) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Large-Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe
and Fittings
1.2 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. Submit the following in accordance
with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Placing Pipe
Submit printed copies of the manufacturer's recommendations for
installation procedures of the material being placed, prior to
installation.
SD-04 Samples
Pipe for Culverts and Storm Drains
SD-07 Certificates
Resin Certification
Pipeline Testing
Hydrostatic Test on Watertight Joints
Determination of Density
Frame and Cover for Gratings
1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.3.1 Delivery and Storage
Materials delivered to site shall be inspected for damage, unloaded, and
stored with a minimum of handling. Materials shall not be stored directly
on the ground. The inside of pipes and fittings shall be kept free of
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dirt and debris. Before, during, and after installation, plastic pipe and
fittings shall be protected from any environment that would result in
damage or deterioration to the material. Keep a copy of the
manufacturer's instructions available at the construction site at all
times and follow these instructions unless directed otherwise by the
Contracting Officer. Solvents, solvent compounds, lubricants, elastomeric
gaskets, and any similar materials required to install plastic pipe shall
be stored in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and shall
be discarded if the storage period exceeds the recommended shelf life.
Solvents in use shall be discarded when the recommended pot life is
exceeded.
1.3.2 Handling
Materials shall be handled in a manner that ensures delivery to the trench
in sound, undamaged condition. Pipe shall be carried to the trench, not
dragged.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 PIPE FOR CULVERTS AND STORM DRAINS
Pipe for culverts and storm drains shall be of the sizes indicated and
shall conform to the requirements specified.
2.1.1 Concrete Pipe
Manufactured in accordance with and conforming to ASTM C76, Class V.
2.1.2 Perforated Piping
2.1.2.1 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe
ASTM D2729.
2.1.2.2 Polypropylene (PP) Pipe
ASTM F2881, Class II perforation patterns.
2.1.3 PVC Pipe
Submit the pipe manufacturer's resin certification, indicating the cell
classification of PVC used to manufacture the pipe, prior to installation
of the pipe.
2.1.3.1 Smooth Wall PVC Pipe
ASTM F679 produced from PVC certified by the compounder as meeting the
requirements of ASTM D1784, minimum cell class 12454-B.
2.2 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.2.1 Concrete
Unless otherwise specified, concrete and reinforced concrete shall conform
to the requirements for 3500 psi concrete under Section 03 30 00.00 10
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE . The concrete mixture shall have air content by
volume of concrete, based on measurements made immediately after discharge
from the mixer, of 5 to 7 percent when maximum size of coarse aggregate
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exceeds 1-1/2 inches. Air content shall be determined in accordance with
ASTM C231/C231M. The concrete covering over steel reinforcing shall not
be less than 1 inch thick for covers and not less than 1-1/2 inches thick
for walls and flooring. Concrete covering deposited directly against the
ground shall have a thickness of at least 3 inches between steel and
ground. Expansion-joint filler material shall conform to ASTM D1751, or
ASTM D1752, or shall be resin-impregnated fiberboard conforming to the
physical requirements of ASTM D1752.
2.2.2 Mortar
Mortar for pipe joints, connections to other drainage structures, and
brick or block construction shall conform to ASTM C270, Type M, except
that the maximum placement time shall be 1 hour. The quantity of water in
the mixture shall be sufficient to produce a stiff workable mortar but in
no case shall exceed 1 gallons of water per sack of cement. Water shall
be clean and free of harmful acids, alkalis, and organic impurities. The
mortar shall be used within 30 minutes after the ingredients are mixed
with water. The inside of the joint shall be wiped clean and finished
smooth. The mortar head on the outside shall be protected from air and
sun with a proper covering until satisfactorily cured.
2.2.3 Precast Reinforced Concrete Manholes
Conform to ASTM C478. Joints between precast concrete risers and tops
shall be full-bedded in cement mortar and shall be smoothed to a uniform
surface on both interior and exterior of the structure.
2.2.4 Frame and Cover for Gratings
Submit certification on the ability of frame and cover or gratings to
carry the imposed live load. Frame and cover for gratings shall be cast
gray iron, ASTM A48/A48M, Class 35B; cast ductile iron, ASTM A536, Grade
65-45-12; or cast aluminum, ASTM B26/B26M, Alloy 356.OT6. Weight, shape,
size, and waterway openings for grates and curb inlets shall be as
indicated on the plans. The word "Storm Sewer" shall be stamped or cast
into covers so that it is plainly visible.
2.2.5 Joints
2.2.5.1 Flexible Watertight Joints
a. Materials: Flexible watertight joints shall be made with plastic or
rubber-type gaskets for concrete pipe and with factory-fabricated
resilient materials for clay pipe. The design of joints and the
physical requirements for preformed flexible joint sealants shall
conform to ASTM C990, and rubber-type gaskets shall conform to
ASTM C443. Factory-fabricated resilient joint materials shall conform
to ASTM C425. Gaskets shall have not more than one factory-fabricated
splice, except that two factory-fabricated splices of the rubber-type
gasket are permitted if the nominal diameter of the pipe being
gasketed exceeds 54 inches.
b. Test Requirements: Watertight joints shall be tested and shall meet
test requirements of paragraph HYDROSTATIC TEST ON WATERTIGHT JOINTS.
Rubber gaskets shall comply with the oil resistant gasket requirements
of ASTM C443. Certified copies of test results shall be delivered to
the Contracting Officer before gaskets or jointing materials are
installed. Alternate types of watertight joint may be furnished, if
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specifically approved.
2.2.5.2 External Sealing Bands
Requirements for external sealing bands shall conform to ASTM C877.
2.2.5.3 Flexible Watertight, Gasketed Joints
a. Gaskets: When infiltration or exfiltration is a concern for pipe
lines, the couplings may be required to have gaskets. The closed-cell
expanded rubber gaskets shall be a continuous band approximately 7
inches wide and approximately 3/8 inch thick, meeting the requirements
of ASTM D1056, Type 2 A1, and shall have a quality retention rating of
not less than 70 percent when tested for weather resistance by ozone
chamber exposure, Method B of ASTM D1171. Rubber O-ring gaskets shall
be 13/16 inch in diameter for pipe diameters of 36 inches or smaller
and 7/8 inch in diameter for larger pipe having 1/2 inch deep end
corrugation. Rubber O-ring gaskets shall be 1-3/8 inches in diameter
for pipe having 1 inch deep end corrugations. O-rings shall meet the
requirements of ASTM C990 or ASTM C443. Preformed flexible joint
sealants shall conform to ASTM C990, Type B.
b. Connecting Bands: Connecting bands shall be of the type, size and
sheet thickness of band, and the size of angles, bolts, rods and lugs
as indicated or where not indicated as specified in the applicable
standards or specifications for the pipe. Exterior rivet heads in the
longitudinal seam under the connecting band shall be countersunk or
the rivets shall be omitted and the seam welded. Watertight joints
shall be tested and shall meet the test requirements of paragraph
HYDROSTATIC TEST ON WATERTIGHT JOINTS.
2.2.5.4 PVC Plastic Pipes
Joints shall be solvent cement or elastomeric gasket type in accordance
with the specification for the pipe and as recommended by the pipe
manufacturer.
2.3 STEEL LADDER
Steel ladder shall be provided where the depth of the storm drainage
structure exceeds 12 feet. These ladders shall be not less than 16 inches
in width, with 3/4 inch diameter rungs spaced 12 inches apart. The two
stringers shall be a minimum 3/8 inch thick and 2-1/2 inches wide.
Ladders and inserts shall be galvanized after fabrication in conformance
with ASTM A123/A123M.
2.4 DOWNSPOUT BOOTS
Boots used to connect exterior downspouts to the storm-drainage system
shall be of gray cast iron conforming to ASTM A48/A48M, Class 30B or 35B.
Shape and size shall be as indicated.
2.5 RESILIENT CONNECTORS
Flexible, watertight connectors used for connecting pipe to manholes and
inlets shall conform to ASTM C923.
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2.6 HYDROSTATIC TEST ON WATERTIGHT JOINTS
2.6.1 Concrete, PVC, and PP Pipe
A hydrostatic test shall be made on the watertight joint types as
proposed. Only one sample joint of each type needs testing; however, if
the sample joint fails because of faulty design or workmanship, an
additional sample joint may be tested. During the test period, gaskets or
other jointing material shall be protected from extreme temperatures which
might adversely affect the performance of such materials. Performance
requirements for joints in reinforced and nonreinforced concrete pipe
shall conform to ASTM C990 or ASTM C443. Test requirements for joints in
clay pipe shall conform to ASTM C425. Test requirements for joints in PVC
and PP plastic pipe shall conform to ASTM D3212.
2.7 EROSION CONTROL RIPRAP
Provide nonerodible rock not exceeding 18 inches in its greatest dimension
and choked with sufficient small rocks to provide a dense mass with a
minimum thickness of 8 inches.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXCAVATION FOR PIPE CULVERTS, STORM DRAINS, AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
Excavation of trenches, and for appurtenances and backfilling for culverts
and storm drains, shall be in accordance with the applicable portions of
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK and the requirements specified below.
3.1.1 Trenching
The width of trenches at any point below the top of the pipe shall be not
greater than the outside diameter of the pipe plus 18 inches to permit
satisfactory jointing and thorough tamping of the bedding material under
and around the pipe. Sheeting and bracing, where required, shall be
placed within the trench width as specified, without any overexcavation.
Where trench widths are exceeded, redesign with a resultant increase in
cost of stronger pipe or special installation procedures will be
necessary. Cost of this redesign and increased cost of pipe or
installation shall be borne by the Contractor without additional cost to
the Government.
3.1.2 Removal of Rock
Rock in either ledge or boulder formation shall be replaced with suitable
materials to provide a compacted earth cushion having a thickness between
unremoved rock and the pipe of at least 8 inches or 1/2 inch for each foot
of fill over the top of the pipe, whichever is greater, but not more than
three-fourths the nominal diameter of the pipe. Where bell-and-spigot
pipe is used, the cushion shall be maintained under the bell as well as
under the straight portion of the pipe. Rock excavation shall be as
specified and defined in Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
3.1.3 Removal of Unstable Material
Where wet or otherwise unstable soil incapable of properly supporting the
pipe, as determined by the Contracting Officer, is unexpectedly
encountered in the bottom of a trench, such material shall be removed to
the depth required and replaced to the proper grade with select granular
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material, compacted as provided in paragraph BACKFILLING. When removal of
unstable material is due to the fault or neglect of the Contractor while
performing shoring and sheeting, water removal, or other specified
requirements, such removal and replacement shall be performed at no
additional cost to the Government.
3.2 BEDDING
The bedding surface for the pipe shall provide a firm foundation of
uniform density throughout the entire length of the pipe.
3.2.1 Concrete Pipe Requirements
When no bedding class is specified or detailed on the drawings, concrete
pipe shall be bedded in granular material minimum 4 inch in depth in
trenches with soil foundation. Depth of granular bedding in trenches with
rock foundation shall be 1/2 inch in depth per foot of depth of fill,
minimum depth of bedding shall be 8 inch up to maximum depth of 24 inches.
The middle third of the granular bedding shall be loosely placed. Bell
holes and depressions for joints shall be removed and formed so entire
barrel of pipe is uniformly supported. The bell hole and depressions for
the joints shall be not more than the length, depth, and width required
for properly making the particular type of joint.
3.2.2 Plastic Pipe
Bedding for PVC and PP pipe shall meet the requirements of ASTM D2321.
Use Class IB or II material for bedding, haunching, and initial backfill.
Use Class I, II, or III material for PP pipe bedding, haunching and
initial backfill.
3.3 PLACING PIPE
Each pipe shall be thoroughly examined before being laid; defective or
damaged pipe shall not be used. Plastic pipe shall be protected from
exposure to direct sunlight prior to laying, if necessary to maintain
adequate pipe stiffness and meet installation deflection requirements.
Pipelines shall be laid to the grades and alignment indicated. Proper
facilities shall be provided for lowering sections of pipe into trenches.
Lifting lugs in vertically elongated metal pipe shall be placed in the
same vertical plane as the major axis of the pipe. Pipe shall not be laid
in water, and pipe shall not be laid when trench conditions or weather are
unsuitable for such work. Diversion of drainage or dewatering of trenches
during construction shall be provided as necessary. Deflection of
installed flexible pipe shall not exceed the following limits:
TYPE OF PIPE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
DEFLECTION (percent)
Plastic (PVC, HDPE and PP)5
Note post installation requirements of paragraph DEFLECTION TESTING in
PART 3 of this specification for all pipe products including deflection
testing requirements for flexible pipe.
3.3.1 Concrete, PVC, Ribbed PVC
Laying shall proceed upgrade with spigot ends of bell-and-spigot pipe and
tongue ends of tongue-and-groove pipe pointing in the direction of the
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flow.
3.3.2 Multiple Culverts
Where multiple lines of pipe are installed, adjacent sides of pipe shall
be at least half the nominal pipe diameter or 3 feet apart, whichever is
less.
3.3.3 Jacking Pipe Through Fills
Methods of operation and installation for jacking pipe through fills shall
conform to requirements specified in Volume 1, Chapter 1, Part 4 of
AREMA Eng Man.
3.4 JOINTING
3.4.1 Concrete
3.4.1.1 Cement-Mortar Bell-and-Spigot Joint
The first pipe shall be bedded to the established grade line, with the
bell end placed upstream. The interior surface of the bell shall be
thoroughly cleaned with a wet brush and the lower portion of the bell
filled with mortar as required to bring inner surfaces of abutting pipes
flush and even. The spigot end of each subsequent pipe shall be cleaned
with a wet brush and uniformly matched into a bell so that sections are
closely fitted. After each section is laid, the remainder of the joint
shall be filled with mortar, and a bead shall be formed around the outside
of the joint with sufficient additional mortar. If mortar is not
sufficiently stiff to prevent appreciable slump before setting, the
outside of the joint shall be wrapped or bandaged with cheesecloth to hold
mortar in place.
3.4.1.2 Cement-Mortar Tongue-and-Groove Joint
The first pipe shall be bedded carefully to the established grade line
with the groove upstream. A shallow excavation shall be made underneath
the pipe at the joint and filled with mortar to provide a bed for the
pipe. The grooved end of the first pipe shall be thoroughly cleaned with
a wet brush, and a layer of soft mortar applied to the lower half of the
groove. The tongue of the second pipe shall be cleaned with a wet brush;
while in horizontal position, a layer of soft mortar shall be applied to
the upper half of the tongue. The tongue end of the second pipe shall be
inserted in the grooved end of the first pipe until mortar is squeezed out
on interior and exterior surfaces. Sufficient mortar shall be used to
fill the joint completely and to form a bead on the outside.
3.4.1.3 Plastic Sealing Compound Joints for Tongue-and-Grooved Pipe
Sealing compounds shall follow the recommendation of the particular
manufacturer in regard to special installation requirements. Surfaces to
receive lubricants, primers, or adhesives shall be dry and clean. Sealing
compounds shall be affixed to the pipe not more than 3 hours prior to
installation of the pipe, and shall be protected from the sun, blowing
dust, and other deleterious agents at all times. Sealing compounds shall
be inspected before installation of the pipe, and any loose or improperly
affixed sealing compound shall be removed and replaced. The pipe shall be
aligned with the previously installed pipe, and the joint pulled
together. If, while making the joint with mastic-type sealant, a slight
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protrusion of the material is not visible along the entire inner and outer
circumference of the joint when the joint is pulled up, the pipe shall be
removed and the joint remade. After the joint is made, all inner
protrusions shall be cut off flush with the inner surface of the pipe. If
non-mastic-type sealant material is used, the "Squeeze-Out" requirement
above will be waived.
3.4.1.4 Flexible Watertight Joints
Gaskets and jointing materials shall be as recommended by the particular
manufacturer in regard to use of lubricants, cements, adhesives, and other
special installation requirements. Surfaces to receive lubricants,
cements, or adhesives shall be clean and dry. Gaskets and jointing
materials shall be affixed to the pipe not more than 24 hours prior to the
installation of the pipe, and shall be protected from the sun, blowing
dust, and other deleterious agents at all times. Gaskets and jointing
materials shall be inspected before installing the pipe; any loose or
improperly affixed gaskets and jointing materials shall be removed and
replaced. The pipe shall be aligned with the previously installed pipe,
and the joint pushed home. If, while the joint is being made the gasket
becomes visibly dislocated the pipe shall be removed and the joint remade.
3.4.1.5 External Sealing Band Joint for Noncircular Pipe
Surfaces to receive sealing bands shall be dry and clean. Bands shall be
installed in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
3.5 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
3.5.1 Manholes and Inlets
Construction shall be of reinforced concrete, plain concrete, or precast
reinforced concrete; complete with frames and covers or gratings; and with
fixed galvanized steel ladders where indicated. Pipe studs and junction
chambers of prefabricated corrugated metal manholes shall be fully
bituminous-coated and paved when the connecting branch lines are so
treated. Pipe connections to concrete manholes and inlets shall be made
with flexible, watertight connectors.
3.5.2 Walls and Headwalls
Construction shall be as indicated.
3.6 STEEL LADDER INSTALLATION
Ladder shall be adequately anchored to the wall by means of steel inserts
spaced not more than 6 feet vertically, and shall be installed to provide
at least 6 inches of space between the wall and the rungs. The wall along
the line of the ladder shall be vertical for its entire length.
3.7 BACKFILLING
3.7.1 Backfilling Pipe in Trenches
After the pipe has been properly bedded, selected material from excavation
or borrow, at a moisture content that will facilitate compaction, shall be
placed along both sides of pipe in layers not exceeding 6 inches in
compacted depth. The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of
pipe for the full length of pipe. The fill shall be thoroughly compacted
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under the haunches of the pipe. Each layer shall be thoroughly compacted
with mechanical tampers or rammers. This method of filling and compacting
shall continue until the fill has reached an elevation equal to the
midpoint (spring line) of RCP or has reached an elevation of at least 12
inches above the top of the pipe for flexible pipe. The remainder of the
trench shall be backfilled and compacted by spreading and rolling or
compacted by mechanical rammers or tampers in layers not exceeding 6 inches.
Tests for density shall be made as necessary to ensure conformance to the
compaction requirements specified below. Where it is necessary, in the
opinion of the Contracting Officer, that sheeting or portions of bracing
used be left in place, the contract will be adjusted accordingly.
Untreated sheeting shall not be left in place beneath structures or
pavements.
3.7.2 Backfilling Pipe in Fill Sections
For pipe placed in fill sections, backfill material and the placement and
compaction procedures shall be as specified below. The fill material
shall be uniformly spread in layers longitudinally on both sides of the
pipe, not exceeding 6 inches in compacted depth, and shall be compacted by
rolling parallel with pipe or by mechanical tamping or ramming. Prior to
commencing normal filling operations, the crown width of the fill at a
height of 12 inches above the top of the pipe shall extend a distance of
not less than twice the outside pipe diameter on each side of the pipe or
12 feet, whichever is less. After the backfill has reached at least 12
inches above the top of the pipe, the remainder of the fill shall be
placed and thoroughly compacted in layers not exceeding 6 inches. Use
select granular material for this entire region of backfill for flexible
pipe installations.
3.7.3 Movement of Construction Machinery
When compacting by rolling or operating heavy equipment parallel with the
pipe, displacement of or injury to the pipe shall be avoided. Movement of
construction machinery over a culvert or storm drain at any stage of
construction shall be at the Contractor's risk. Any damaged pipe shall be
repaired or replaced.
3.7.4 Compaction
3.7.4.1 General Requirements
Cohesionless materials include gravels, gravel-sand mixtures, sands, and
gravelly sands. Cohesive materials include clayey and silty gravels,
gravel-silt mixtures, clayey and silty sands, sand-clay mixtures, clays,
silts, and very fine sands. When results of compaction tests for
moisture-density relations are recorded on graphs, cohesionless soils will
show straight lines or reverse-shaped moisture-density curves, and
cohesive soils will show normal moisture-density curves.
3.7.4.2 Minimum Density
Backfill over and around the pipe and backfill around and adjacent to
drainage structures shall be compacted at the approved moisture content to
the following applicable minimum density, which will be determined as
specified below.
a. Under airfield and heliport pavements, paved roads, streets, parking
areas, and similar-use pavements including adjacent shoulder areas,
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the density shall be not less than 90 percent of maximum density for
cohesive material and 95 percent of maximum density for cohesionless
material, up to the elevation where requirements for pavement subgrade
materials and compaction shall control.
b. Under unpaved or turfed traffic areas, density shall not be less than
90 percent of maximum density for cohesive material and 95 percent of
maximum density for cohesionless material.
c. Under nontraffic areas, density shall be not less than that of the
surrounding material.
3.7.5 Determination of Density
Testing is the responsibility of the Contractor and performed at no
additional cost to the Government. Testing shall be performed by an
approved commercial testing laboratory or by the Contractor subject to
approval. Tests shall be performed in sufficient number to ensure that
specified density is being obtained. Laboratory tests for
moisture-density relations shall be made in accordance with ASTM D1557
except that mechanical tampers may be used provided the results are
correlated with those obtained with the specified hand tamper. Field
density tests shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D2167 or
ASTM D6938. When ASTM D6938 is used, the calibration curves shall be
checked and adjusted, if necessary, using the sand cone method as
described in paragraph Calibration of the referenced publications.
ASTM D6938 results in a wet unit weight of soil and ASTM D6938 shall be
used to determine the moisture content of the soil. The calibration
curves furnished with the moisture gauges shall be checked along with
density calibration checks as described in ASTM D6938. Test results shall
be furnished the Contracting Officer. The calibration checks of both the
density and moisture gauges shall be made at the beginning of a job on
each different type of material encountered and at intervals as directed.
3.8 PIPELINE TESTING
3.8.1 Leakage Tests
Lines shall be tested for leakage by low pressure air or water testing or
exfiltration tests, as appropriate. Low pressure air testing for concrete
pipes shall conform to ASTM C924. Low pressure air testing for plastic
pipe shall conform to ASTM F1417. Low pressure air testing procedures for
other pipe materials shall use the pressures and testing times prescribed
in ASTM C828 or ASTM C924, after consultation with the pipe manufacturer.
Testing of individual joints for leakage by low pressure air or water
shall conform to ASTM C1103. Prior to exfiltration tests, the trench
shall be backfilled up to at least the lower half of the pipe. If
required, sufficient additional backfill shall be placed to prevent pipe
movement during testing, leaving the joints uncovered to permit
inspection. Visible leaks encountered shall be corrected regardless of
leakage test results. When the water table is 2 feet or more above the
top of the pipe at the upper end of the pipeline section to be tested,
infiltration shall be measured using a suitable weir or other device
acceptable to the Contracting Officer. An exfiltration test shall be made
by filling the line to be tested with water so that a head of at least 2
feet is provided above both the water table and the top of the pipe at the
upper end of the pipeline to be tested. The filled line shall be allowed
to stand until the pipe has reached its maximum absorption, but not less
than 4 hours. After absorption, the head shall be reestablished. The
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amount of water required to maintain this water level during a 2-hour test
period shall be measured. Leakage as measured by the exfiltration test
shall not exceed 0.2 gallons per inch in diameter per 100 feet of pipeline
per hour. When leakage exceeds the maximum amount specified, satisfactory
correction shall be made and retesting accomplished.
3.8.2 Deflection Testing
No sooner than 30 days after completion of installation and final
backfill, an initial post installation inspection shall be accomplished.
Clean or flush all lines prior to inspection. Perform a deflection test
on entire length of installed flexible pipeline on completion of work
adjacent to and over the pipeline, including leakage tests, backfilling,
placement of fill, grading, paving, concreting, and any other superimposed
loads. Deflection of pipe in the installed pipeline under external loads
shall not exceed limits in paragraph PLACING PIPE above as percent of the
average inside diameter of pipe. Determine whether the allowable
deflection has been exceeded by use of a laser profiler or mandrel.
a. Laser Profiler Inspection: If deflection readings in excess of the
allowable deflection of average inside diameter of pipe are obtained,
remove pipe which has excessive deflection, and replace with new
pipe. Initial post installation inspections of the pipe interior with
laser profiling equipment shall utilize low barrel distortion video
equipment for pipe sizes 48 inches or less. Use a camera with
lighting suitable to allow a clear picture of the entire periphery of
the pipe interior. Center the camera in the pipe both vertically and
horizontally and be able to pan and tilt to a 90 degree angle with the
axis of the pipe rotating 360 degrees. Use equipment to move the
camera through the pipe that will not obstruct the camera's view or
interfere with proper documentation of the pipe's condition. The
video image shall be clear, focused, and relatively free from roll
static or other image distortion qualities that would prevent the
reviewer from evaluating the condition of the pipe. For initial post
installation inspections for pipe sizes larger than 48 inches, visual
inspection shall be completed of the pipe interior.
b. Pull-Through Device Inspection: Pass the pull-through device through
each run of pipe by pulling it by hand. If deflection readings in
excess of the allowable deflection of average inside diameter of pipe
are obtained, retest pipe by a run from the opposite direction. If
retest continues to show excess allowable deflections of the average
inside diameter of pipe, remove pipe which has excessive deflection,
replace with new pipe, and completely retest in same manner and under
same conditions. Pull-through device: The mandrel shall be rigid,
nonadjustable having a minimum of 9 fins, including pulling rings at
each end, engraved with the nominal pipe size and mandrel outside
diameter. The mandrel shall be 5 percent less than the
certified-actual pipe diameter for Plastic Pipe, 5 percent less than
the certified-actual pipe diameter for Corrugated Steel and Aluminum
Alloy, 3 percent less than the certified-actual pipe diameter for
Concrete-Lined Corrugated Steel and Ductile Iron Culvert provided by
manufacturer. When mandrels are utilized to verify deflection of
flexible pipe products, the Government will verify the mandrel OD
through the use of proving rings that are manufactured with an opening
that is certified to be as shown above.
c. Deflection measuring device: Shall be approved by the Contracting
Officer prior to use.
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SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
d. Warranty period test: Pipe found to have a deflection of greater than
allowable deflection in paragraph PLACING PIPE above, just prior to
end of one-year warranty period shall be replaced with new pipe and
tested as specified for leakage and deflection. Inspect 100 percent
of all pipe systems under the travel lanes, including curb and
gutter. Random inspections of the remaining pipe system outside of
the travel lanes shall represent at least 10 percent of the total pipe
footage of each pipe size. Inspections shall be made, depending on
the pipe size, with video camera or visual observations. In addition,
for flexible pipe installations, perform deflection testing on 100
percent of all pipes under the travel lanes, including curb and
gutter, with either a laser profiler or 9-fin mandrel. For flexible
pipe, random deflection inspections of the pipe system outside of the
travel lanes shall represent at least 10 percent of the total pipe
footage of each pipe size. When mandrels are utilized to verify
deflection of flexible pipe products during the final post
installation inspection, the Government will verify the mandrel OD
through the use of proving rings.
3.8.3 Post-Installation Inspection
One hundred percent of all reinforced concrete pipe installations shall be
checked for joint separations, soil migration through the joint, cracks
greater than 0.01 inches, settlement and alignment. One hundred percent
of all flexible pipes (HDPE, PVC, CMP, PP) shall be checked for rips,
tears, joint separations, soil migration through the joint, cracks,
localized bucking, bulges, settlement and alignment.
a. Replace pipes having cracks greater than 0.1 inches in width or
deflection greater than 5 percent deflection. An engineer shall
evaluate all pipes with cracks greater than 0.01 inches but less than
0.10 inches to determine if any remediation or repair is required.
RCP with crack width less than 0.10 inches and located in a
non-corrosive environment (pH 5.5) are generally acceptable. Repair
or replace any pipe with crack exhibiting displacement across the
crack, exhibiting bulges, creases, tears, spalls, or delamination.
b. Reports: The deflection results and finial post installation
inspection report shall include: a copy of all video taken, pipe
location identification, equipment used for inspection, inspector
name, deviation from design, grade, deviation from line, deflection
and deformation of flexible pipe systems, inspector notes, condition
of joints, condition of pipe wall (e.g. distress, cracking, wall
damage dents, bulges, creases, tears, holes, etc.).
-- End of Section --
SECTION 33 40 00 Page 14
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
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SECTION 33 46 13
FOUNDATION DRAINAGE SYSTEM
04/08
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS
(AASHTO)
AASHTO M 252 (2009) Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage
Pipe
AASHTO M 294 (2009) Standard Specification for
Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe, 300- to
1500-mm Diameter
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM D 1557 (2002) Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics of Soil Using Modified
Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/cu. ft. (2,700
kN-m/cu.m.))
ASTM D 2751 (2005) Standard Specification for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Sewer Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 3034 (2008) Standard Specification for Type PSM
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and
Fittings
ASTM D 3212 (2007) Standard Specification for Joints
for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using
Flexible Elastomeric Seals
ASTM F 405 (2005) Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing
and Fittings
ASTM F 667 (2006) Large Diameter Corrugated
Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings
ASTM F 758 (1995; R 2007e1) Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems
for Highway, Airport, and Similar Drainage
ASTM F 949 (2009) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Corrugated Sewer Pipe with a Smooth
Interior and Fittings
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 Extent
Furnish and install foundation drainage as a complete system as shown.
1.2.2 Outlet Connections
Foundation pipe shall be terminated as shown.
1.2.3 Drainage Lines
Construct drainage lines of perforated pipe.
1.2.4 Outlet Lines
Construct outlet lines of closed-joint nonperforated, nonporous pipe.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following
in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-04 Samples
Materials; G.
Two randomly selected samples of each type of pipe and fitting,
prior to delivery of materials to the site.
SD-07 Certificates
Materials; G.
Certifications from the manufacturers attesting that materials
meet specification requirements.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Protect materials placed in storage from the weather, humidity and
temperature variations, dirt and dust, or other contaminants. Do not
expose plastic pipe to direct sunlight for more than 6 months from time of
manufacturer to installation.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
Pipe for foundation drainage system shall be of the type and size
indicated. Appropriate transitions, adapters, or joint details shall be
used where pipes of different types or materials are connected.
2.1.1 Plastic Pipe
Plastic pipe shall contain ultraviolet inhibitor to provide protection
from exposure to direct sunlight.
SECTION 33 46 13 Page 2
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
2.1.1.1 Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Drainage Pipe
Furnish ASTM F 405 heavy duty for pipe 3 to 6 inches in diameter
inclusive, ASTM F 667 for pipe 8 to 24 inches in diameter; or AASHTO M 252
for pipe 3 to 10 inches in diameter or AASHTO M 294 for pipe 12 to 24
inches in diameter. Fittings shall be pipe manufacturer's standard type
and shall conform to the indicated specification.
2.1.1.2 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Pipe
ASTM D 2751, with a maximum SDR of 35.
2.1.1.3 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe
ASTM F 758, Type PS 46, ASTM D 3034, or ASTM F 949 with a minimum pipe
stiffness of46 psi.
2.1.1.4 Circular Perforations in Plastic Pipe
Circular holes shall be cleanly cut, not more than 5/16 inch or less than
3/16 inch in diameter, and arranged in rows parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the pipe. Perforations shall be approximately 3 inches apart,
center-to-center, along rows. The rows shall be approximately 1-1/2 inches
apart and arranged in a staggered pattern so that all perforations lie at
the midpoint between perforations in adjacent rows. The rows shall be
spaced over not more than 155 degrees of circumference. The spigot or
tongue end of the pipe shall not be perforated for a length equal to the
depth of the socket and perforations shall continue at uniform spacing
over the entire length of the pipe. Manufacturer's standard perforated
pipe which essentially meets these requirements may be used with prior
approval of the Contracting Officer.
2.1.1.5 Slotted Perforations in Plastic Pipe
Circumferential slots shall be cleanly cut so as not to restrict the
inflow of water and uniformly spaced along the length and circumference of
the tubing. Width of slots shall not exceed 1/8 inch or be less than 1/32
inch. The length of individual slots shall not exceed 1-1/4 inches on 3
inch diameter tubing; 10 percent of the tubing inside nominal
circumference on 4 to 8 inch diameter tubing; and 2-1/2 inches on 10 inch
diameter tubing. Rows of slots shall be symmetrically spaced so that they
are fully contained in quadrants of the pipe. Slots shall be centered in
the valleys of the corrugations of profile wall pipe. The water inlet
area shall be a minimum of 0.5 square inch/linear foot of tubing.
Manufacturer's standard perforated pipe which essentially meets these
requirements may be used with prior approval of the Contracting Officer.
2.1.2 Fittings
Fittings shall be of compatible materials for pipe, of corresponding
weight and quality, and as specified herein.
2.1.3 Cleanouts and Piping Through Walls
Cleanout pipe and fittings and piping through walls and footings shall be
cast-iron soil pipe. Each cleanout shall have a brass ferrule and a
cast-brass screw-jointed plug with socket or raised head for wrench.
SECTION 33 46 13 Page 3
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
2.1.4 Cover and Wrapping Materials for Open Joints in Drain Tile
Cover material may be tar paper, roofing paper, reinforced building paper,
glass fiber fabric, or other similar type material. Wrapping material
shall be 18-14 mesh, 0.01 inch diameter nonferrous wire cloth.
2.1.5 Select Granular Material Backfill for Foundation Drains
Pervious backfill shall be cohesionless tree draining sand with less than
10 percent passing the No. 200 sieve size.
2.1.6 Protective Covering for Select Granular Material Backfill
Protective covering shall be fiberglass mat of lime borosilicate glass
fibers. Fibers shall be 8 to 12 microns in average diameter, 2 to 4
inches in length, and bonded with phenol formaldehyde resin. Mat shall be
roll type, nonperforated, water permeable, with thickness between 1/4 and
1/2 inch and density of 3/4 pcf .
2.2 COMPOSITE DRAINAGE MAT
The composite drainage mat shall be nylon, polyethylene or other
high-strength plastic of adequate size to carry groundwater from the
filter fabric drainage outlet and of adequate strength to prevent crushing
during installation or by lateral earth pressures during in-service use.
The configuration shall provide multi-directional water flow.
2.3 FILTER FABRIC FOR DRAINAGE MAT
Filter fabric shall be non-woven pervious sheet of long chain polymer
filaments of polypropylene or polyester, formed by needle punching in a
pattern with distinct and measurable openings. The filter fabric shall
provide an equivalent opening size (EOS) no finer than the U.S. Standard
Sieve No. 200 and no coarser than the U.S. Standard Sieve No. 40 EOS. EOS
is defined as the number of the U.S. Standard Sieve having openings
closest in size to the filter cloth openings. The fabric shall conform to
the physical strength requirements in Table I. The edges of the fabric
shall be salvaged or otherwise finished, as required, to prevent the outer
material from pulling away from the fabric. Filter fabric shall be factory
adhered to the drainage mat.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
3.1.1 Trenching and Excavation
Perform required trenching and excavation in accordance with Section
31 00 00 EARTHWORK. Keep trenches dry during installation of drainage
system. Changes in direction of drain lines shall be made with 1/8
bends. Use wye fittings at intersections.
3.1.2 Pipe Laying
Lay drain lines to true grades and alignment with a continuous fall in the
direction of flow. Bells of pipe sections shall face upgrade. Clean
interior of pipe thoroughly before being laid. When drain lines are left
open for connection to discharge lines, the open ends shall be temporarily
closed and the location marked with wooden stakes. Perforated pipe shall
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SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
be laid with perforations facing down. Any length that has had its grade
or joints disturbed shall be removed and relaid at no additional cost to
the Government. Perforated corrugated polyethylene drainage tubing and
plastic piping shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's
specifications and as specified herein. Tubing and piping with physical
imperfections shall not be installed.
3.1.3 Jointing
3.1.3.1 Perforated and Porous Pipes
Perforated and porous types of drain pipes shall be laid with closed
joints.
3.1.3.2 ABS Pipe
ABS pipe shall be joined using solvent cement or elastomeric joints and
shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2751, with dimensions and tolerances in
accordance with TABLE II therein.
3.1.3.3 PVC Pipe
PVC pipe joints shall be in accordance with ASTM D 3034, ASTM D 3212, or
ASTM F 949.
3.1.3.4 Corrugated Polyethylene
Corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe joints shall be in accordance with
ASTM F 405 or ASTM F 667.
3.2 Backfilling
After joints and connections have been inspected and approved, place the
specified select granular material backfill material in a column extending
at least 18 inches beyond the outside of the basement wall. This column
shall extend from the top of the wall footing the full height of the wall
with the exception of the top 12 inches which shall consist of impervious
clay fill. Place the backfill preventing displacement of or injury to
the pipe. Place the backfill in loose layers not exceeding 9 inches in
thickness and compacted to between 90 and 95 percent of the maximum dry
density defined by the Modified Proctor Test ASTM D 1557.
-- End of Section --
SECTION 33 46 13 Page 5
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
SECTION 33 46 16
SUBDRAINAGE SYSTEM
04/08
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM A123/A123M (2012) Standard Specification for Zinc
(Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and
Steel Products
ASTM A27/A27M (2010) Standard Specification for Steel
Castings, Carbon, for General Application
ASTM A47/A47M (1999; R 2009) Standard Specification for
Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings
ASTM A48/A48M (2003; R 2012) Standard Specification for
Gray Iron Castings
ASTM C139 (2011) Standard Specification for Concrete
Masonry Units for Construction of Catch
Basins and Manholes
ASTM C231/C231M (2010) Standard Test Method for Air
Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
Pressure Method
ASTM C33/C33M (2013) Standard Specification for Concrete
Aggregates
ASTM C478 (2013) Standard Specification for Precast
Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections
ASTM D1751 (2004; R 2008) Standard Specification for
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for
Concrete Paving and Structural
Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient
Bituminous Types)
ASTM D1752 (2004a; R 2008) Standard Specification for
Preformed Sponge Rubber Cork and Recycled
PVC Expansion
ASTM D3034 (2008) Standard Specification for Type PSM
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and
Fittings
ASTM D3212 (2007; R 2013) Standard Specification for
SECTION 33 46 16 Page 1
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes
Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
ASTM D422 (1963; R 2007) Particle-Size Analysis of
Soils
ASTM D4632/D4632M (2008; E 2013; R 2013) Grab Breaking Load
and Elongation of Geotextiles
ASTM F949 (2010) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Corrugated Sewer Pipe with a Smooth
Interior and Fittings
1.2 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submittals with an "S"
are for inclusion in the Sustainability Notebook, in conformance with
Section 01 33 29.00 37 SUSTAINABILITY. Submit the following in accordance
with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-04 Samples
Filter Fabric
Pipe for Subdrains
SD-07 Certificates
Filter Fabric
Pipe for Subdrains
1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.3.1 Delivery and Storage
Inspect materials delivered to site for damage; unload, and store with
minimum handling. Do not store materials directly on the ground. The
inside of pipes and fittings shall be free of dirt and debris. Keep,
during shipment and storage, filter fabric wrapped in burlap or similar
heavy duty protective covering. The storage area shall protect the fabric
from mud, soil, dust, and debris. Filter fabric materials that are not to
be installed immediately shall not be stored in direct sunlight. Install
plastic pipe within 6 months from the date of manufacture unless otherwise
approved.
1.3.2 Handling
Handle materials in such a manner as to ensure delivery to the trench in
sound undamaged condition. Pipe shall be carried and not dragged to the
trench.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 PIPE FOR SUBDRAINS
Submit samples of pipe, and pipe fittings, before starting the work. Pipe
for subdrains shall be of the types and sizes indicated. Submit
SECTION 33 46 16 Page 2
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
certifications from the manufacturers attesting that materials meet
specification requirements. Certificates are required for drain pipe,
drain tile, and fittings.
2.1.1 Plastic
Plastic pipe shall contain ultraviolet inhibitor to provide protection
from exposure to direct sunlight.
2.1.1.1 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Fittings
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and fittings shall conform to ASTM D3034,.
2.1.1.2 Pipe Perforations
Water inlet area shall be a minimum of 1.9 square inches per linear foot.
Manufacturer's standard perforated pipe which essentially meets these
requirements may be substituted with prior approval of the Contracting
Officer.
a. Circular Perforations in Plastic Pipe: Circular holes shall be
cleanly cut not more than 3/8 inch or less than 3/16 inch in diameter
and arranged in rows parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe.
Perforations shall be approximately 3 inches center-to-center along
rows. The rows shall be approximately 1-1/2 inches apart and arranged
in a staggered pattern so that all perforations lie at the midpoint
between perforations in adjacent rows. The rows shall be spaced over
not more than 155 degrees of circumference. The spigot or tongue end
of the pipe shall not be perforated for a length equal to the depth of
the socket, and perforations shall continue at uniform spacing over
the entire length of the pipe.
b. Slotted Perforations in Plastic Pipe: Circumferential slots shall
be cleanly cut so as not to restrict the inflow of water and uniformly
spaced along the length and circumference of the tubing. Width of
slots shall not exceed 1/8 inch nor be less than 1/32 inch. The
length of individual slots shall not exceed 1-1/4 inches on 3 inch
diameter tubing, 10 percent of the tubing inside nominal circumference
on 4 to 8 inch diameter tubing, and 2-1/2 inches on 10 inch diameter
tubing. Rows of slots shall be symmetrically spaced so that they are
fully contained in 2 quadrants of the pipe. Slots shall be centered
in the valleys of the corrugations of profile wall pipe.
2.2 FILTER FABRIC
Submit samples of filter fabric, and certifications from the manufacturers
attesting that filter fabric meets specification requirements. Provide
geotextile that is a woven pervious sheet of polymeric material consisting
of long-chain synthetic polymers composed of at least 95 percent by weight
polypropylene (PP) or polyester (PET). The use of woven slit film
geotextiles (i.e. geotextiles made from yarns of a flat, tape-like
character) will not be allowed. Add stabilizers and/or inhibitors to the
base polymer, as needed, to make the filaments resistant to deterioration
by ultraviolet light, oxidation, and heat exposure. The filter fabric
shall provide an equivalent opening size (AOS) no finer than the US
Standard Sieve No. 120 and no coarser than the US Standard Sieve No. 4.
AOS is defined as the number of the US Standard sieve having openings
closest in size to the filter fabric openings. The fabric shall have a
grab strength of 160 pounds in accordance with ASTM D4632/D4632M. The
SECTION 33 46 16 Page 3
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
fabric shall be constructed so that the filaments will retain their
relative position with respect to each other. The edges of the fabric
shall be selvaged or otherwise finished to prevent the outer material from
pulling away from the fabric. The fabric shall be woven into a width that
may be installed as shown without longitudinal seams.
2.3 SUBDRAIN FILTER AND BEDDING MATERIAL
Subdrain filter and bedding material shall be washed sand, sand and
gravel, crushed stone, crushed stone screenings, or slag composed of hard,
tough, durable particles free from adherent coatings. Filter material
shall not contain corrosive agents, organic matter, or soft, friable,
thin, or elongated particles and shall be evenly graded between the limits
specified in TABLE I. TABLE II shows values that can be used to complete
TABLE I. Gradation curves will exhibit no abrupt changes in slope
denoting skip or gap grading. Filter materials shall be clean and free
from soil and foreign materials. Filter blankets found to be dirty or
otherwise contaminated shall be removed and replaced with material meeting
the specific requirements, at no additional cost to the Government.
TABLE I. FILTER GRADATION
TABLE II
Gradation 57
ASTM C33/C33M
ASTM D422
Sieve Size Percent Passing
1.5 inches 100
1 inch 90 - 100
3/8 inch 25 - 60
No. 4 5 - 40
No. 8 0 - 20
No. 16 ----
No. 50 ----
No. 100 ----
2.4 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
2.4.1 Concrete
Except for precast concrete, reinforcement shall conform to the
requirements for 3,500 psi concrete in Section 03 30 00.00 10
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE. The concrete mixtures shall have air content, by
volume of concrete, based on measurements made immediately after discharge
from the mixer of 5 to 7 percent when coarse-aggregate maximum size is
1-1/2 inches or smaller. Air content shall be determined in accordance
with ASTM C231/C231M. The concrete covering over steel reinforcing shall
be not less than 1 inch thick for covers and not less than 1-1/2 inches
thick for walls and flooring. Concrete covering deposited directly
against the ground shall be at least 3 inches thick between the steel and
the ground. Expansion-joint filler material shall conform to ASTM D1751
or ASTM D1752. Exposed concrete surfaces, such as drainage structures
that form a continuation of concrete curbs and gutters, shall be given a
protective coating of linseed oil as specified in Section 32 16 13
CONCRETE SIDEWALKS AND CURBS AND GUTTERS.
SECTION 33 46 16 Page 4
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FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
2.4.2 Mortar
Mortar for pipe joints and connections to other drainage structures shall
be composed of one part by volume of portland cement and two parts of
sand. The quantity of water in the mixture shall be sufficient to produce
a stiff workable mortar. Water shall be clean and free of injurious
acids, alkalies, and organic impurities. The mortar shall be used within
30 minutes from the time the ingredients are mixed with water.
2.4.3 Manholes and Appurtenances
2.4.3.1 Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Risers and Tops
Conform to ASTM C478.
2.4.3.2 Precast Concrete Segmental Blocks
Precast concrete segmental blocks shall conform to ASTM C139 and shall be
not more than 8 inches thick, not less than 8 inches long, and of such
shape that the joints can be effectively sealed and bonded with cement
mortar.
2.4.3.3 Precast Concrete Manhole Bases
If precast concrete manhole bases are used, the bases shall conform to
ASTM C478 and shall be of such a design as to effect suitable connection
with influent and effluent lines and to provide a suitable base structure
for riser sections.
2.4.3.4 Frames and Covers or Gratings
Frames and gratings, or frames and covers, except as otherwise permitted,
shall be of either cast iron with tensile strength test not less than
ASTM A48/A48M Class 25 or steel conforming to ASTM A27/A27M, Class 65-35.
Weight, shape, and size shall be as indicated. Frames and covers not
subjected to vehicular traffic or storage may be of malleable iron where
indicated. The malleable-iron frames and covers shall conform to
ASTM A47/A47M and shall be of the weight, shape, and size indicated.
2.4.3.5 Steel Ladder
A steel ladder shall be provided where the depth of a manhole exceeds 12
feet. The ladder will be not less than 16 inches in width, with 3/4 inch
diameter rungs spaced 12 inches apart. The two stringers shall be a
minimum 3/8 inch thick and 2 inches wide. Ladder shall be adequately
anchored to the wall by means of steel inserts spaced not more than 6 feet
apart vertically, and shall be so installed as to provide at least 6 inches
of space between the wall and the rungs. Ladders and inserts shall be
galvanized after fabrication in conformance with ASTM A123/A123M. The
wall along the line of the ladder shall be vertical for its entire length.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXCAVATION AND BEDDING FOR SUBDRAIN SYSTEMS
Trenching and excavation, including the removal of rock and unstable
material, shall be in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK. Bedding
material shall be placed in the trench as indicated or as required as
replacement materials used in those areas where unstable materials were
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SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
removed. Compaction of the bedding material shall be as specified for
cohesionless material in Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
3.2 MANHOLES AND FLUSHING AND OBSERVATION RISERS
3.2.1 Manholes
Manholes shall be installed complete with frames and covers or gratings at
the locations and within the limits and sizes indicated. Manholes shall
be constructed of one of the materials specified for manholes in paragraph
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES. Joints shall be completely filled and shall be
smooth and free of surplus mortar or mastic on the inside of the
structure. Brick manholes shall be plastered with 1/2 inch of mortar over
the entire outside surface of the walls. Brick for square or rectangular
structures shall be laid in stretcher courses with a header course every
sixth course. Brick for round structures shall be laid radially with
every sixth course laid as a stretcher course. Ladders shall be installed
in manholes as indicated. Base for manholes shall be either precast or
cast-in-place concrete.
3.2.2 Flushing and Observation Risers
Flushing and observation riser pipes with frames and covers shall be
installed at the locations indicated. Risers shall be constructed of
precast concrete. Joining of riser pipes to the subdrain system shall be
as indicated.
3.3 INSTALLATION OF FILTER FABRIC AND PIPE FOR SUBDRAINS
3.3.1 Installation of Filter Fabric
3.3.1.1 Overlaps on Perforated or Slotted Pipes
One layer of filter fabric shall be wrapped around perforated or slotted
collector pipes in such a manner that longitudinal overlaps of fabric are
in unperforated or unslotted quadrants of the pipes. The overlap shall be
at least 2 inches. The fabric shall be secured to the pipe in such a
manner that backfill material will not infiltrate through any fabric
overlaps.
3.3.1.2 Installation on Open-Joint Pipe
One layer of filter fabric shall be wrapped around open joints. The
overlap should be at least 2 inches. The fabric shall be secured to the
pipe in such a manner that backfill material will not infiltrate through
the overlap or the edges of the fabric to either side of the open joint.
3.3.1.3 Trench Lining and Overlaps
Trenches to be lined with filter fabric shall be graded to obtain smooth
side and bottom surfaces so that the fabric will not bridge cavities in
the soil or be damaged by projecting rock. The fabric shall be laid flat
but not stretched on the soil, and it shall be secured with anchor pins.
Overlaps shall be at least 12 inches, and anchor pins shall be used along
the overlaps.
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3.3.2 Installation of Pipe for Subdrains
3.3.2.1 Pipelaying
Each pipe shall be carefully inspected before it is laid. Any defective
or damaged pipe shall be rejected. No pipe shall be laid when the trench
conditions or weather is unsuitable for such work. Water shall be removed
from trenches by sump pumping or other approved methods. The pipe shall
be laid to the grades and alignment as indicated. The pipe shall be
bedded to the established gradeline. Perforations shall be centered on
the bottom of the pipe. Pipes of either the bell-and-spigot type or the
tongue-and-groove type shall be laid with the bell or groove ends
upstream. All pipes in place shall be approved before backfilling.
3.3.2.2 Jointings
a. Nonperforated Concrete: Pipe shall be laid with 1/8 to 1/4 inch
opening between the ends of the pipe or as required by spacing lugs
constructed in the pipe. Mortar shall be placed in the joint at three
points and pressed firmly into place to hold the pipe securely in
line. The mortar shall be the full depth of the bell or groove and
approximately 1 inch in width, and shall be located at the third
points around the joint with the top point at the center of the pipe.
The inside of the pipe shall be free of excess mortar.
b. Perforated Concrete: The pipe shall be laid with closed joints
with positive provision for centering each section of the pipe in the
bell or groove of the previously placed section. Plain-end perforated
clay pipe sections shall be securely fastened together with spring
wire clips furnished by the pipe manufacturer.
c. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe: Joints shall be in accordance with
the requirements of ASTM D3034, ASTM D3212, or ASTM F949.
d. Perforated Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe: Perforated corrugated
polyethylene drainage pipe shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications and as specified herein. A pipe with
physical imperfections shall not be installed. No more than 5 percent
stretch in a section will be permitted.
3.4 INSTALLATION OF AND BACKFILLING FOR BLIND OR FRENCH DRAINS
Filter material shall be placed as indicated and compacted as specified
for cohesionless materials in Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK. Filter material
shall extend to a suitable outlet or to an outlet through a pipeline as
indicated. Overlying backfill material shall be placed and compacted as
specified in Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
3.5 INSTALLATION OF FILTER MATERIAL AND BACKFILLING FOR SUBDRAINS
After pipe for subdrains has been laid, inspected, and approved, filter
material shall be placed around and over the pipe to the depth indicated.
The filter material shall be placed in layers not to exceed 8 inches
thick, and each layer shall be thoroughly compacted by mechanical tampers
or rammers to obtain the required density. Compaction of filter material
and the placement and compaction of overlying backfill material shall be
in accordance with the applicable provisions specified in Section 31 00 00
EARTHWORK.
SECTION 33 46 16 Page 7
SOF SPECIAL TACTICS FACILITY, PHASE 2 014201
FT. BRAGG W912PM-16-R-0005
3.6 TESTS
3.6.1 Pipe Test
Strength tests of pipe shall conform to field service test requirements of
the Federal Specification, ASTM specification, or AASHTO specification
covering the product (paragraph PIPE FOR SUBDRAINS).
3.6.2 JP-4 Fuel Resistance Test
Five unaged fabric samples, 4 (plus or minus 0.2) by 6 (plus or minus
0.2) inches shall be immersed in JP-4 fuel at room temperature for a
period of 7 days. Each sample then shall be tested for tensile strength
and elongation in accordance with ASTM D4632/D4632M. The strength of the
fabric in any direction shall be no less than 85 percent of the strength
specified in paragraph FILTER FABRIC.
-- End of Section --
SECTION 33 46 16 Page 8
Mason & Hanger
300 West Vine Street
Suite 1300
Lexington, KY 40507
859.252.9980
masonandhanger.com