HomeMy WebLinkAboutNC0022406_Belews Creek DAP_123014_20141230
Belews Creek Steam Station Ash Basin
Topographic Map and
Discharge Assessment Plan
NPDES Permit NC0024406
December 30, 2014
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Discharge Assessment Plan
Belews Creek Steam Station Ash Basin
CONTENTS
i
Contents
Page
Contents ...................................................................................................................................... i
Figures and Tables ..................................................................................................................... ii
Section 1 - Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1
Section 2 - Site Background ....................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Plant Description .................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Ash Basin Description .......................................................................................... 3
2.3 Site Geologic/Soil Framework .............................................................................. 3
2.4 Topographic Map and Identification of Discharges ............................................... 4
2.4.1 Engineered Drainage System for Earthen Dam ........................................ 4
2.4.2 Non-Engineered Seep Identification ......................................................... 5
Section 3 - Discharge Assessment Plan..................................................................................... 6
3.1 Purpose of Assessment ....................................................................................... 6
3.2 Assessment Procedure ........................................................................................ 6
3.2.1 General Assessment Requirements ......................................................... 6
3.2.2 Observation and Sampling ....................................................................... 7
3.2.3 Evaluation…… ......................................................................................... 9
3.2.4 Assessment Reporting ............................................................................. 9
Section 4 - References ..............................................................................................................10
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Belews Creek Steam Station Ash Basin
FIGURES AND TABLES
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Figures and Tables
Figure 1 – Site Location Map
Figure 2 – Topographic Map
Table 1 – Seep and Associated Discharge Locations and Descriptions
Table 2 – Laboratory Analytical Methods
Table 3 – Belews Creek Steam Station – Example of Surface Water/Seep Monitoring Flow and
Analysis Results Table
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Belews Creek Steam Station Ash Basin
SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION
1
Section 1 - Introduction
The purpose of this document is to address the requirements of North Carolina General Statute
(GS)130A-309.210(a) topographic map and (b) Assessment of Discharges from Coal
Combustion Residuals Surface Impoundments to the Surface Waters of the State, as modified
by North Carolina Senate Bill 729, for the Belews Creek Steam Station (BCSS) ash basin
operated under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit NC0024406.
The following requirements are contained in General Statute (GS) 130A-309.210(a):
(1) The owner of a coal combustion residuals surface impoundment shall identify all
discharges from the impoundment as provided in this subsection. The requirements for
identifying all discharges from an impoundment set out in this subsection are in addition
to any other requirements for identifying discharges applicable to the owners of coal
combustion residuals surface impoundments.
(2) No later than December 31, 2014, the owner of a coal combustion residuals surface
impoundment shall submit a topographic map that identifies the location of all (i)
outfalls from engineered channels designed or improved for the purpose of collecting
water from the toe of the impoundment and (ii) seeps and weeps discharging from the
impoundment that are not captured by engineered channels designed or improved for
the purpose of collecting water from the toe of the impoundment to the Department.
The topographic map shall comply with all of the following:
a. Be at a scale as required by the Department.
b. Specify the latitude and longitude of each toe drain outfall, seep, and weep.
c. Specify whether the discharge from each toe drain outfall, seep, and weep is
continuous or intermittent.
d. Provide an average flow measurement of the discharge from each toe drain outfall,
seep, and weep including a description of the method used to measure average flow.
e. Specify whether the discharge from each toe drain outfall, seep, and weep identified
reaches the surface waters of the State. If the discharge from a toe drain outfall,
seep, or weep reaches the surface waters of the State, the map shall specify the
latitude and longitude of where the discharge reaches the surface waters of the
State.
f. Include any other information related to the topographic map required by the
Department.
The following requirements are contained in General Statute (GS) 130A-309.210(b):
b) Assessment of Discharges from Coal Combustion Residuals Surface Impoundments to
the Surface Waters of the State. The owner of a coal combustion residuals surface
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SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION
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impoundment shall conduct an assessment of discharges from the coal combustion
residuals surface impoundment to the surface waters of the State as provided in this
subsection. The requirements for assessment of discharges from the coal combustion
residuals surface impoundment to the surface waters of the State set out in this
subsection are in addition to any other requirements for the assessment of discharges
from coal combustion residuals surface impoundments to surface waters of the State
applicable to the owners of coal combustion residuals surface impoundments.
(1) No later than December 31, 2014, the owner of a coal combustion residuals surface
impoundment shall submit a proposed Discharge Assessment Plan to the
Department. The Discharge Assessment Plan shall include information sufficient to
allow the Department to determine whether any discharge, including a discharge
from a toe drain outfall, seep, or weep, has reached the surface waters of the State
and has caused a violation of surface water quality standards. The Discharge
Assessment Plan shall include, at a minimum, all of the following:
a. Upstream and downstream sampling locations within all channels that could
potentially carry a discharge.
b. A description of the surface water quality analyses that will be performed.
c. A sampling schedule, including frequency and duration of sampling activities.
d. Reporting requirements.
e. Any other information related to the identification of new discharges required by
the Department.
(2) The Department shall approve the Discharge Assessment Plan if it determines that
the Plan complies with the requirements of this subsection and will be sufficient to
protect public health, safety, and welfare; the environment; and natural resources.
(3) No later than 30 days from the approval of the Discharge Assessment Plan, the
owner shall begin implementation of the Plan in accordance with the Plan’s
schedule.
The North Carolina Senate Bill 729 establishes the submittal date of this topographic map and
Discharge Assessment Plan no later than December 31, 2014.
The topographic map, developed to satisfy the requirements of GS130A-309.210(a), was
utilized as the basis for developing the assessment procedures presented in this plan, required
by GS130A-309.210(b).
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SECTION 2 - SITE BACKGROUND
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Section 2 - Site Background
2.1 Plant Description
BCSS is a coal-fired electricity-generating facility with a capacity of 2,240 megawatts located on
Belews Lake in Stokes County, North Carolina. BCSS is a two-unit station which began
commercial operation in 1974 (Figure 1). Belews Creek, a tributary of the Dan River, was
impounded by Duke Energy (formerly Duke Power at the time of initial impoundment) to form
Belews Lake. Belews Lake is approximately 3,800 acres in area and provides cooling water for
the station.
2.2 Ash Basin Description
The ash basin system consists of a single cell impounded by an earthen dike located on the
north end of the ash basin. The ash basin system was constructed from 1970–1972 and it is
located approximately 3,200 feet northwest of the power plant. The waste boundary for the ash
basin encompasses approximately 342 acres.
The full pond elevation for the BCSS ash basin is approximately 750 feet. The normal pond
elevation of Belews Lake is approximately 725 feet.
Due to the nature of BCSS operations, inflows to the ash basin are highly variable. The inflows
from the station to the ash basin are discharged to the southeast portion of the ash basin. The
ash basin pond elevation is controlled by the use of concrete stoplogs. The discharge from the
ash basin is through a concrete discharge tower located in the northwest portion of the ash
basin. The concrete discharge tower drains through a 24-inch-diameter SDR 17 HDPE conduit
for approximately 1,600 feet and then discharges into a concrete flume box. The discharge is to
an un-named tributary that flows northward to the Dan River.
2.3 Site Geologic/Soil Framework
BCSS and its associated ash basin system are located in the Milton Belt of the Piedmont
physiographic province (Piedmont), one of several northeast-trending geologic belts of the
southern crystalline Appalachians. The rocks of the Milton belt were formed during the
Precambrian era and metamorphosed during the early to late Paleozoic era (Butler and Secor
1991). The Milton belt bedrock is characterized by strongly foliated gneiss and schist, commonly
with distinct compositional layering and having felsic composition—quartzite, calc-silicate
gneiss, and marble are minor units (Carpenter 1982).
The soils that overlie the bedrock in the area have generally formed from the in-place
weathering of the parent bedrock. The fractured bedrock is overlain by a mantle of
unconsolidated material known as regolith. The regolith, where present, includes the soil zone;
a zone of weathered, decomposed bedrock known as saprolite; and alluvium. Saprolite, the
product of chemical and mechanical weathering of the underlying bedrock, is typically
composed of silt and coarser granular material up to boulder size and may reflect the texture of
the rock from which it was formed. The weathering products of felsic rocks may be sandy-
textured and rich in quartz content while mafic rocks form a more clayey saprolite (LeGrand
2004).
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SECTION 2 - SITE BACKGROUND
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The BCSS ash basin is generally bounded to the north by the earthen dike and a natural ridge.
Pine Hall Road runs along the east and south sides of the ash basin and appears to generally
be located along a surface water divide. Belews Lake is located to the east and south of Pine
Hall Road. Middleton Loop road is located on the west side of the ash basin and appears to
generally be located along a surface water divide. The geology/groundwater conditions at the
site are expected to be generally consistent with the characteristics of the conceptual
groundwater model developed by LeGrand (LeGrand, 2004) for the Piedmont region.
2.4 Topographic Map and Identification of Discharges
A topographic map is presented in Figure 2 to meet the requirements of GS 130A-309.210(a) in
the identification of outfalls from engineered channels as well as seeps and weeps.
Seepage is the movement of wastewater from the ash basin through the ash basin
embankment, the embankment foundation, the embankment abutments, basin rim, through
residual material in areas adjacent to the ash basin. A seep is defined in this document as an
expression of seepage at the ground surface. A weep is understood to have the same meaning
as a seep.
Indicators of seepage include areas where water is observed on the ground surface and/or
where vegetation suggests the presence of seepage. Seepage can emerge anywhere on the
downstream face, beyond the toe, or on the downstream abutments at elevations below normal
pool. Seepage may vary in appearance from a "soft," wet area to a flowing "spring." Seepage
may show up first as only an area where the vegetation is lusher and darker green than
surrounding vegetation. Cattails, reeds, mosses, and other marsh vegetation often become
established in a seepage area. (NCDENR, 2007) However, in many instances, indicators of
seeps do not necessarily indicate the presence of seeps. Areas of apparent iron staining and/or
excess iron bacteria may also indicate the presence of a seep.
Locations of seepage at the ground surface adjacent to the ash basin have been identified and
are shown in Figure 2. These areas include the earthen embankment which impound the ash
basin as well as adjacent areas where water from the ash basin may have infiltrated into the
underlying residual materials and expressed as seepage.
2.4.1 Engineered Drainage System for Earthen Dam
Earth dams are subject to seepage through the embankment, foundation, and abutments.
Seepage control is necessary to prevent excessive uplift pressures, instability of the
downstream slope, piping through the embankment and/or foundation, and erosion of material
by migration into open joints in the foundation and abutments. The control of seepage is
performed by the use of engineered drains such as blanket drains, trench drains, and/or toe
drains. In certain cases, horizontal pipes may be installed into the embankment to collect and
control seepage. It is standard engineering practice to collect the seepage and convey seepage
away from the dam.
The Belews Creek ash basin dam (Stoke-116) was constructed with a drainage blanket, a
transverse filter drain, relief wells, and trench drains. Horizontal drains were installed after
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Belews Creek Steam Station Ash Basin
SECTION 2 - SITE BACKGROUND
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construction was completed. The engineered drainage system features, or outfalls, associated
with the ash basin dam are shown as required by GS 130A-309.210(a)(2)(i) on Figure 2.
2.4.2 Non-Engineered Seep Identification
Topographic maps of the site were reviewed to identify regions of the site where there was a
potential for ash-basin-related seepage to be present. These regions were determined by
comparing ash basin full pond elevations to adjacent topography with ground surface elevations
lower than the ash basin full pond elevation. HDR staff performed site observations within these
identified areas as part of NPDES inspections during the reapplication process during July and
August 2014 and documented locations where seepage was apparent at the time of the site
visit. These seeps are identified as required by GS 130A-309.210(a)(2)(ii) on Figure 2.
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SECTION 3 - DISCHARGE ASSESSMENT PLAN
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Section 3 - Discharge Assessment Plan
3.1 Purpose of Assessment
The purpose of the assessment is to determine whether existing, known discharges from toe
drain outfalls, seeps, and weeps associated with the coal combustion residuals surface
impoundment (ash basin) have reached the surface waters of the State and have caused a
violation of surface water quality standards as required by North Carolina General Statute 130A-
309.210(b).
Figure 2 and Table 1 present the background and downstream sampling locations to be
considered as part of this Discharge Assessment Plan (DAP). These locations may be
assessed by comparing surface water sampling analytical results of the associated background
location with the corresponding downstream location. For discharges located at the toe of a
dam, an upstream location within the channel may not have been possible to isolate for
comparison given the proximity to the ash basin, which would have the same chemical
composition as the discharge itself. As such, the upstream location was established upstream of
the ash basin and is considered “background.” For discharges located a distance from the ash
basin, an identified upstream or “background” location for sampling may be compared to the
downstream portion of the discharge channel. The background and downstream sampling
locations are shown on Figure 2 with “B” and “D” identifiers, respectively, and the corresponding
seep locations associated with the sampling locations are indicated on Table 1.
3.2 Assessment Procedure
The assessment procedure associated with the Belews Creek ash basin is provided within this
section. In addition to the specific requirements for the assessment, Section 3.2 also provides
the general requirements, the frequency of assessment, documentation requirements, and a
description of the surface water quality analyses that will be performed.
3.2.1 General Assessment Requirements
Assessments are to be performed in three phases as follows:
• Observation and Sampling (assessment site visit)
• Evaluation
• Assessment Reporting
The assessment site visit shall be performed when the background and downstream locations
are accessible and not influenced by weather events. Locations on or adjacent to the ash basin
embankments should be performed within two months after mowing, if possible. In addition, the
assessment site visit should not be performed if the following precipitation amounts have
occurred in the respective time period preceding the planned assessment site visit:
• Precipitation of 0.1 inches or greater within 72 hours or
• Precipitation of 0.5 inches or greater within 96 hours
The assessments shall be performed under the direction of a qualified Professional Engineer or
Professional Geologist on a semi-annual basis during the following months: April to May and
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SECTION 3 - DISCHARGE ASSESSMENT PLAN
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October to November. The date of the initial assessment site visit shall be selected no later than
30 days from the approval of the Discharge Assessment Plan and should fall within one of the
semi-annual timeframes. Additional seep locations that may have been identified and
documented in an Identification of New Discharge report(s) shall be reviewed prior to performing
an assessment site visit, if available.
3.2.2 Observation and Sampling
The initial assessment site visit should be performed to document baseline conditions of the
discharge channel, including location, extent (i.e., dimensions of affected area), and flow of
each discharge. Discharge channel background and downstream locations should be verified
using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. Photographs should be taken from vantage
points that can be replicated during subsequent semi-annual assessments.
Initial and subsequent assessment site visits shall document a minimum of the following to
respond to the requirements in 130A-309.210.1(b):
• Record the most recent ash basin water surface elevation and compare to the seep and
outfall and associated discharge location surface water elevations.
• For each discharge channel, the observer shall note the following as applicable on the
day of the assessment site visit:
o Is the discharge channel flowing at the time of the assessment site visit?
o Does the discharge channel visibly flow into a Water of the U.S. at the time of the
assessment site visit?
o How far away is the nearest Water of the U.S.?
o Document evidence that flow has or could reach a W ater of the U.S. (e.g.,
description of flow, including extent and/or direction) and describe the observed
condition. Evidence that flow could or has reached a Water of the U.S. may be
indicated by an inspection of the adjacent and downstream topographic drainage
features.
o Observe and document the condition of the discharge channel and outfall of the
engineered channel or seep location with photographs. Photographs are to be
taken from similar direction and scale as photographs taken during the initial
assessment site visit.
• Record flow rate within the discharge channel, if measureable, using the following
methods:
o Timed-volumetric method: Collect a volume of water from the discharge of the PVC
pipe directly into an appropriately sized container. Measure volumes (in mL) in the
field utilizing a graduated container. Record the amount of time (in seconds)
needed to collect the volume of water and calculate the flows (in MGD) for the
timed volume.
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Belews Creek Steam Station Ash Basin
SECTION 3 - DISCHARGE ASSESSMENT PLAN
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o A V-notch weir apparatus will be installed, if necessary, during the initial
assessment site visit to impound seepage at locations with a defined channel.
Once the impounded seep reaches equilibrium discharge, flows will be measured
using the timed-volumetric method described above.
o Area-velocity method: Measure point velocities and water depth at a minimum of
20 stations along a transect setup perpendicular to the direction of flow using a
Swoffer® 3000 flow meter mounted to a standard United States Geologic Survey
(USGS) top-set wading rod. Utilize the average velocity and cross-sectional area of
the wetted channel to calculate flows in MGD.
• Collect water quality samples using the following methods:
o Collect background and downstream samples during a period with minimal
preceding rainfall to minimize potential effects of stormwater runoff. Collect
samples from the discharge channel at the flow measurement devices or directly
from the discharge into sample bottles while minimizing disturbance and
entrainment of soil/sediment. After collection, samples will be preserved and stored
according to parameter-specific methods and delivered to the laboratory under
proper Chain-of-Custody (COC) procedures.
o Analytical parameters for analysis include: F, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se, and Hg.
This list includes all parameters previously identified for seep sampling at Duke
Energy power plants for which relevant stream water quality standards are in place.
(This list is responsive to the statutory requirement for the discharge assessment to
allow determination whether discharges from toe drain outfalls, seeps, or weeps
have reached surface waters and caused a violation of surface water quality
standards.) Analyses shall be conducted by Duke Energy’s Huntersville analytical
laboratory (NC Wastewater Certification #248) and Pace Analytical Laboratories
(NC Wastewater Certification # 12). Laboratory analytical methods used for each
constituent are provided in Table 2.
o Seep In-situ measurements: In-situ field parameters (temperature and pH) shall be
measured utilizing calibrated field meters either at the discharge of the seep
directly, at the discharge of the flow measurement devices, or in the water pool
created behind the device, if sufficient water depth did not exist at the device
discharge.
o Dan River and Ash Basin Sample Collection Method: Water quality samples and in-
situ measurements from the Dan River shall be collected at a location upstream
(Dan River-Upstream) and downstream (Dan River-Downstream) of the ash basin
(Figure 2). Additionally, water samples and in-situ measurements shall be collected
from an in-process ash basin location (Figure 2). The grab samples shall be
collected from the river and basin’s surface (0.3 m) directly into appropriate sample
bottles.
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SECTION 3 - DISCHARGE ASSESSMENT PLAN
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3.2.3 Evaluation
Evaluation of the data from the initial assessment site visit will establish baseline conditions and
will serve as the basis for comparison for subsequent assessment site visit results. Evaluation of
observations and sampling results shall include location, extent (i.e., dimensions of affected
area), and flow of each discharge. The analytical results of the upstream and downstream
locations shall be compared to the 15A NCAC 2B standards for surface water quality upon
receipt to identify potential exceedances.
3.2.4 Assessment Reporting
Each assessment site visit shall be documented by the individual performing the assessment,
as described in Section 3.2.2 to meet the requirements in 130A-309.210.1(b). The report should
contain site background, observation and sampling methodology, and a summary of the
observations and descriptions of the discharge channels observed, changes in observations
compared to previous assessment events, estimates of flows quantities, and photographs of
discharges and outfalls of engineered channels designed or improved for collecting water from
the impoundment. Photographs are to be numbered and captioned. The flow and analytical
results shall be recorded and presented in tables similar to the examples provided as Tables 1
and 3. The analytical results shall be compared to the 15A NCAC 2B standards for surface
water quality and exceedances highlighted. This information shall be compiled, reviewed, and
submitted to NCDENR within 90 days from the Observation and Sampling event.
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Belews Creek Steam Station Ash Basin
SECTION 4 - REFERENCES
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Section 4 - References
Butler, J. R. and Secor, D. T. 1991. The Central Piedmont, p. 59-78, in Horton, J. W., Jr., and
Zullo, V. A., eds., The Geology of the Carolinas: The University of Tennessee Press,
Knoxville, Tennessee, 406p.
Carpenter, P. A., III. 1982. Geologic map of Region G, North Carolina: North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Geological Survey
Section, Regional Geology Series 2, Scale 1:125,000.
LeGrand, Harry, Sr. 2004. A Master Conceptual Model for Hydrogeological Site
Characterization in the Piedmont and Mountain Region of North Carolina, North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2007. Dam Operation,
Maintenance, and Inspection Manual, North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Land Resources, Land Quality Division, 1985 (Revised
2007).
FIGURES
AND
TABLES
Table 1 – Belews Creek Steam Station Ash Basin – Seep and Associated Discharge Locations and Descriptions Seep / Discharge ID Location Coordinates (NAD 83) Flow Description Flow Measurement (MGD) and Method Discharge Location Discharge Location Coordinates (NAD 83) Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude S-1 36.293 -80.085 Continuous 0.0053 Timed-Volumetric Tributary to the Dan River 1-D 36.302 -80.088 S-2 36.297 -80.085 Continuous 0.0063 Timed-Volumetric Tributary to the Dan River 2-D 36.304 -80.081 S-3 36.298 -80.083 Continuous 0.0015 Timed-Volumetric S-4 36.298 -80.082 Continuous 0.0048 Timed-Volumetric S-5 36.300 -80.081 Continuous 0.0059 Timed-Volumetric S-6 36.296 -80.061 Continuous 0.0034 Timed-Volumetric Belews Lake 4-D 36.296 -80.060 S-7 36.287 -80.064 Continuous 0.0011 Timed-Volumetric Belews Lake 5-D 36.287 -80.063 S-8 36.280 -80.078 Continuous 0.0057 Timed-Volumetric Unknown Discharge Location S-9 36.280 -80.072 Continuous 0.0017 Timed-Volumetric Unknown Discharge Location S-10 36.299 -80.076 Continuous 0.0129 Area-Velocity Tributary to the Dan River 3-D
Seep / Discharge ID Location Coordinates (NAD 83) Flow Description Flow Measurement (MGD) and Method Discharge Location Discharge Location Coordinates (NAD 83) Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude S-11 36.299 -80.076 Continuous 0.181 Area-Velocity 36.306 -80.080 HD-1 through HD-4 36.297 -80.0752 Continuous Unknown HD-5 through HD-7, & HD-11A 36.297 -80.075 No Flow Unknown HD-9 through HD-11 36.297 -80.075 Continuous/ No Flow Unknown HD-16 through HD-27 36.297 -80.074 Continuous Unknown TF-1 36.297 -80.076 Continuous 0.03168 TF-2 36.297 -80.076 Continuous 0.0144 TF-3 36.297 -80.074 Continuous 0.020736 Parshall Flume 36.297 -80.075 Continuous 0.235152 A 36.297 -80.074 No Flow Unknown B 36.297 -80.074 Continuous Unknown C 36.297 -80.074 No Flow Unknown D1 36.297 -80.074 Continuous Unknown
Seep / Discharge ID Location Coordinates (NAD 83) Flow Description Flow Measurement (MGD) and Method Discharge Location Discharge Location Coordinates (NAD 83) Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude D2 36.297 -80.074 Continuous Unknown E 36.297 -80.075 No Flow Unknown G 36.297 -80.076 Continuous Unknown H 36.297 -80.076 No Flow Unknown I 36.297 -80.076 Continuous Unknown Notes: 1. Flow description for each seep sample location is based on observation during site visits performed by HDR in June and July 2014 2. Flow measurements and analytical samples were collected on July 8, 15, and 16, 2014 3. Location coordinates for seep sampling locations are approximate
Table 2 – Laboratory Analytical Methods
Parameter Method Reporting
Limit Units Laboratory
Fluoride (F) EPA 300.0 1 mg/l Duke Energy
Mercury (Hg) EPA 245.1 0.05 µg/l Duke Energy
Arsenic (As) EPA 200.8 1 µg/l Duke Energy
Cadmium (Cd) EPA 200.8 1 µg/l Duke Energy
Chromium (Cr) EPA 200.8 1 µg/l Duke Energy
Copper (Cu) EPA 200.8 1 µg/l Duke Energy
Lead (Pb) EPA 200.8 1 µg/l Duke Energy
Nickel (Ni) EPA 200.8 1 µg/l Duke Energy
Selenium (Se) EPA 200.8 1 µg/l Duke Energy
Table 3 – Belews Creek Steam Station – Example of Surface Water/Seep Monitoring Flow and Analysis Results Table Parameter Units S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9 S-10 S-11 Dan River-U/S Dan River-D/S Fluoride mg/l < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 Hg ‐‐‐‐ Mercury (71900) µg/l < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.09 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 As ‐‐‐‐ Arsenic (01002) µg/l < 1 < 1 1.39 < 1 < 1 1.57 10.6 < 1 < 1 1.81 2.14 < 1 < 1 Cd ‐‐‐‐ Cadmium (01027) µg/l < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 Cr ‐‐‐‐ Chromium (01034) µg/l < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 Cu ‐‐‐‐ Copper (01042) µg/l 2.63 < 1 1.42 < 1 < 1 < 1 13.9 2.62 3.58 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 Pb ‐‐‐‐ Lead (01051) µg/l < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 Ni ‐‐‐‐ Nickel (01067) µg/l < 1 1.03 < 1 1.04 < 1 1.17 < 1 < 1 9.79 11.4 11.1 < 1 < 1 Se ‐‐‐‐ Selenium (01147) µg/l < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 3.58 7 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 pH s.u. 5.5 5.9 6.77 5.7 6.32 6.55 6.09 5.5 6.41 5.73 5.92 7.12 6.47 Temperature °C 20.4 22.1 20.2 20.3 22.2 22.7 24.4 20.8 25.4 20.2 22.3 31.6 29.7 Flow MGD 0.0053 0.0063 0.0015 0.0048 0.0059 0.0034 0.0011 0.0057 0.0017 0.0129 0.181 158.3 158.3 Notes: 1. Flow measurements and analytical samples were collected on July 8, 15, and 16, 2014 2. S-7 sample temperature upon receipt in the analytical lab was slightly above 6 degrees Celsius (7.9 degrees C) 3. Flow at locations upstream and downstream of BCSS in the Dan River is from the USGS Dan River-Pine Hall daily average flows for the date of river sampling