20070833 Ver 1_Mitigation Report_20090320

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i h,HOFMANN FOREST °a' ZQ©y
WETLAND MITIGATION BANK
Onslow County, North Carolina
2008 GROWING SEASON PROGRESS REPORT
Prepared For:
Mitigation Bank Review Team
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mickey.'I'.SLi,g l,saw02.usace.armv.mi
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Matthews.Kathv(a7epamail.e_pa.gov
National Marine Fisheries
ron.sechler(c>.,noaa. ov
N.C. Division of Water Quality
john.dorney(-nemail.net or cyndi.karoly(Li?ncmail.net
N.C. Division of Coastal Management
melissa.carle&nc;mail.net
N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission
steve.everhartki)ncwildlife.ora
Prepared By:
North Carolina State
Natural Resources Foundation, Inc
Campus Box 8010,
2820 Faucette Drive
Room 3036 Biltmore Hall
Raleigh NC 27695-8010
March 1, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 2
Project Description 3
Project History 4
Hydrology 5
Success Criteria 6
Monitoring Procedure 7
Results of Hydrologic Monitoring 7
Vegetation 10
Success Criteria 10
Monitoring Procedure 12
Blocks 1 & 2 Monitoring Results 13
Blocks 3, 4 & 5 Monitoring Results 13
Conclusions and Recommendations 14
Appendix A - Modification to MBI Al-A2
Appendix B - Hydrographs B1-B14
Appendix C - Vegetation Inventory Tables C1-C9
Appendix D - HFWMB Credit Release & Sales D1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The 2008 growing season (March 20 to Nov. 17, 2008) is the third of five years of required
groundwater and vegetation monitoring on the 5 blocks ( and 3 reference sites) of the 388 acre
Hofmann Forest wetland mitigation site.
• Unlike the 2007 growing season, there was no drought during the 2008 growing season and 9 of 10
wetland mitigation groundwater monitoring wells met the wetland hydrology criteria of having at least on
period of inundation/saturation greater than or equal to 29 continuous days. The Sopp Hollow
reference wells (pocosin setting) also easily met the hydrology criteria while the more riverine Bear
Prong reference well did not
• The only well not registering a continuous periods of inundation/saturation 29 days or more was
Block 2 North. This was due to 70 days of data not collected during a period of inundation/saturation
as shown by neighboring wells to the north (Block 1 South well) and the south (Block 2 South well).
The Block 2 South well met wetland hydrology criteria even though it was also missing 70 days of data.
• The difference in groundwater behavior among the 3 reference wells suggests that the Sopp Hollow
reference well is the best representative of a pocosin wetland hydrological regime, while the Bear Prong
reference well reflect a more riverine/riparian hydrological regime. Variability in ground water levels is
highest in the Bear Prong reference well and the Sopp Hollow reference well exhibited the longest
continuous inundation/saturation period of any groundwater well at 97 days.
• Vegetation monitoring indicated that on average Blocks 1 and 2 continue to meet all planted height
and survival requirements.
• Vegetation monitoring indicated that Blocks 3, 4, and 5 are meeting the MBI modification
requirements of having greater than 90% of volunteer vegetation be pocosin species.
• In 11/2008, 0.11 credits were sold to mitigate for wetland impacts in the Shadow Creek subdivision
- USACE Action ID 2008 1203; DWQ Project #08 1232 (see Appendix D)
Page 1 of 14
Introduction
The Hofmann Forest Mitigation bank (HFWMB) was developed to provide mitigation for unavoidable
impacts to non-riparian wetlands for projects requiring Clean Water Act, Section 404 dredge and fill
permits within the Onslow County portion of the White Oak (03030001& 03020106) hydrologic unit
(Figure 1). The primary goals of this project are to establish a wetland mitigation bank that restores
forested wetland plant communities, enhances water quality and improves wildlife habitat. Secondary
goals include: establishing trials to compare species survival and growth, improving biodiversity and
serving as a teaching and outreach facility for students at NC State, students from secondary schools
and the public. The HFWMB will restore critical wetland functions and will provide numerous
opportunities for research, demonstration and teaching over a wide range of topics.
Page 2 of 14
Figure 1 - Hydrologic unit 03030001 (yellow) and 03020106 (cyan) in relation to the 80,000 acre
Hofmann Forest (green) on the North Carolina coastal plain.
Project Description
The HFWMB is located at the intersection of Quaker Bridge and Sopp Hollow Roads, adjacent to
White Oak Pocosin, on the Hofmann Forest in northern Onslow County, north of Jacksonville, NC
(Figure 2). In the early to mid-1970's, about 400 acres along a 2.5-mile strip along Sopp Hollow
Road was cleared for agriculture. Prior to development as a wetland mitigation bank, the entire site was
determined to be a non-wetland by the US Army Corp of Engineers (USACOE) because of prior
artificial drainage. The wetland mitigation plan outlines the restoration of the entire site to a functional
non-riverine wetland ecosystem.
In order to demonstrate successful mitigation, the HFWMB must be monitored for both wetland
hydrology and vegetation. All soils on the tract are classified as hydric. Block 1 is classified as
predominantly Pantego muck and Blocks 2 through 5 as Croatan muck. Hydrological and vegetation
monitoring is required annually for 5 growing seasons after all hydrological modifications have been
installed. This report details the results of vegetation and hydrologic monitoring for the 2008 growing
season; the third growing season of the 5 required for monitoring.
Figure 2 - Location of 388 acre Hofmann Forest Mitigation Bank (red trapezoid) along
Sopp Hollow Road.
Page 3 of 14
Project History
The HFWMB was initiated in 1997 with determination of non-wetland status by COE. Ground water
monitoring began in 2001. The MBI and restoration plan were approved and signed in 2004. On July
13, 2004, 58 credits were released and were immediately purchased by the N.C. Ecosystem
Enhancement Program (EEP) program htth:?'.`???vv.raceep.net/ (Table 1)
Table 1 - Project History
1997 - Preliminary Hydrology Monitoring by Army Corps of Engineers determines prior
status
1999 - Blocks I and 2 planted
2000 - Block 3 planted
2001 - Monitoring wells installed
2002 - Mitigation Bank Plan and MBI Approved - 58 credits released on 7/14/2004 and 50 of the
58 credits sold to NC EEP upon release
2003 - Initial Hydrology and Vegetation Data Collection & Analysis
2004 - Hydrology Modifications Completed in Blocks 1' and 2. Herbicide Application to Block 3
Spring - 2005 Supplemental Replanting of Block 3; Planting Blocks 4 & 5
Fall - 2005 Release Herbicide Application on Blocks 3, 4, and 5
Spring 2006 - Herbicide use leads to modification of original MBI; vegetation inventory
conducted for GS 2006; 75 permanent vegetation inventory plots installed in Blocl
1 through 5 (and one reference plot in "Wide Open")
Summer 2006 - First Annual Report [GS 2006] Submitted to MBRT
Fall 2006 - Modification to MBI approved; additional ditch plugs installed to help hold water
the east;
Winter 2007 - Vegetation plots re-inventoried for 2007 growing season
Spring 2008 - Second Annual Report [GS 2007] Submitted to MBRT
Nov 2008 - Sale of 0. 11 credits for impacts at Shawdow Creek estates subdivision USACE
Action ID 2008 1203; DWQ Project #08 1232
Winter 2008 - vegetation plots re-inventoried for 2007 growing season
Spring 2009 - Third Annual Report [GS 2008] Submitted to MBRT
Page 4 of 14
Hydrology
In December 2004, hydrology modifications were completed in Blocks 1 and 2. Three (3) 24-inch
culverts were installed across Joe H. Road which separated Block 1 and 2. These culverts connect the
hydrology between Blocks 1 and 2 via lateral ditches and allow free flow of surface water between the
blocks. A total of four (4) ditch plugs were installed around Blocks 1 and 2. Two plugs were installed
Page 5 of 14
r figure s - complete hydrological modifications to Hofmann Forest Wetland
Mitigation Bank include 13 new culverts and 17 ditch plugs. Locations are
shown for mitigation bank and reference groundwater wells.
on the west end of Joe H. Road (one each on the north and south sides of the road) one plug on the
north side of Cowhorn Road, and one plug in the collector ditch on the west side of Block 2. Ditch
plugs in the roadside ditches on the western edge of the mitigation bank are L shaped to ensure
blockage of surface water flow in the two perpendicularly intersecting ditches at those locations.
An existing culvert across Sopp Hollow Road was removed and a new 36-inch culvert was installed
across Quaker Bridge Road at the intersection with Sopp Hollow Road. Approximately 3,600 feet of
roadside ditch was cleaned out as part of this operation. These modifications allow the natural flow of
water from the east and northwest along Sopp Hollow Road to exit to the west and away from the
mitigation site. These modifications removed artificial drainage from Blocks 1 and 2 of the mitigation site
and coupled hydrology between the two Blocks to more closely approximates the original pre-drainage
hydrology. In the 2005 growing season, all 5 blocks in the mitigation bank were joined by culverts in a
similar fashion. Conceptually, the culverts joining the blocks allow surface water exchange among all 5
blocks; hydrologically isolating the blocks from surrounding lands by the ditch plugs (Figure 3).
The ditch plugs installed just west of the second culvert in the roadside ditches were added during the
2006 growing season when a consensus with the USACOE was reached after field observation over
several years revealed a continual buildup of surface water in ditches at the western edge of the bank
(Figure 4). The feeling that holding surface water along Sopp Hollow Road would better distribute
surface water and facilitate
groundwater wells registering
wetland conditions was validated
during the 2006 growing season as
all blocks achieved wetland
hydrology. All ditch plug
installations follow the original
schematic specified in the
Hofmann Forest Restoration Plan.
Hydrologic Success Criteria
The hydrologic success criteria are
met for the HFWMB if
groundwater well data from the
restoration area indicates that the
site is saturated within 12-inches of
the surface or inundated for a minimum of at least one time period during the growing season that is of a
duration defined as 12% or more of the growing season under normal conditions. The growing season
for the HFWMB is defined to be March 20t" to November 17th a total of 243 days. Twelve percent of
this duration is 29 days. So to attain success, each of the shallow groundwater wells in the Hofmann
Forest mitigation bank should exhibit inundation or saturation for at least one contiguous period of 29
Page 6 of 14
Figure 4 - Ditch plug installed in 2006 and placed just west of
second culvert joining Blocks I & 2.
days during a "normal" growing season.
Hydrological Monitoring Procedure
Verification of hydrology is determined by automatic data recording wells collected within the HFWMB
project area (Figure 4). A total of ten (10) groundwater monitoring wells are systematically located
within the 5-Block project area. Additionally, there are 2 reference wells situated nearby in
representative locations. The 2 reference well locations are at the intersection of Bear Prong with
Quaker Bridge Road and in the wide open along Sopp Hollow Rd. All Remote Data Systems (RDS)
wells are programmed to record
ground water levels twice daily at
8:00am and 8:00pm. Data is
downloaded and summarized along
with precipitation data into growing
season hydrographs (Appendix B).
Concurrent precipitation data is
collected at the Hofmann Forest
weather station for use in constructing
hydrographs. Bands of 25% and 75%
"normal" precipitation are based on
50 year averages (Figure 5).
Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
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1.
Growing Smsaon Month
Figure 5 - "Normal" 25% and 75% precipitation years
Hydrographs for 2008 for all well plotted as lines against 2008 growing season rainfall (orange
locations can be found in Appendix B bars) and 2007 growing season rainfall (red bars). Rainfall
- "2008 Growing Season during the 2008 growing season was more "normal" than the
Hydrographs for Hofmann Forest". 2007 growing season drought based on 50 years of historic
records.
Block 1 - There was complete data
for both recording wells in Block 1. Data collected at the northern groundwater well (Block 1 North)
shows 1 period of continuous inundation/saturation greater than 29 days duration (67 days) during the
spring of the 2008 growing season. The 12 periods of observed inundation/saturation averaged 9 days
duration (Table 2). Data collected at the southern groundwater well (Block 1 South) showed 2
continuous periods of inundation/saturation greater than 29 days (69 days in the spring and 61 days in
the fall) and there were 8 periods of inundation/saturation averaging 20 days duration (Table 2).
Block 2 - There were incomplete data for the Block 2 groundwater wells during the spring of the 2008
growing season with 70 days missing for both wells. These wells have faithfully rendered more than 10
years of service and have been replaced prior to the 2009 growing season. Data collected at the Block
2 Northern well did not show a continuous period of inundation/saturation greater than 29 days; the
Page 7 of 14
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longest such period was only 8 days with the average of the 9 periods of observed
inundation/saturation at 3 days duration. Given that all other groundwater wells displayed periods of
inundation/saturation greater than 29 days in the spring during the period of missing data for the Block 2
groundwater wells, it is logical to presume that if the data were not missing, the Block 2 North well
would have had an inundation/saturation period in the spring of 2008 greater than 29 days duration if
the data were not missing. Even with the missing data, the data collected at the southern groundwater
well (Block 2 South) showed one continuous period of inundation/saturation greater than 29 days
duration; [81days]. There were 3 periods of observed inundation/saturation averaging 34 days duration
at this well and 70 days of missing data in the spring.
Block 3 - Data collected at Block 3 North showed 2 periods of inundation/saturation greater than 29
days (78 days in the spring and 55 days in the fall) and 8 total inundation/saturation events averaging 20
days duration. Data collected at the southern groundwater well (Block 3 South) showed 7 continuous
periods of inundation/saturation averaging 25 days duration with two periods (81 days in the spring and
63 days in the fall) meeting the greater than 29 day criterion. The growing season data for both Block 3
wells were complete.
Block 4 - There was also complete data recorded for both wells in Block 4. The northern well (Block
4 North) recorded one 68 day continuous period of inundation/saturation greater than 29 days in the
spring. Data collected at this well documented 12 total inundation/saturation events averaging 13 days
duration. Data collected at the Block 4 South well also showed one spring period of
inundation/saturation greater than 29 days (31 days) while the 16 inundation/saturation events averaged
9 days duration.
Block 5 - There was complete data for both recording wells in Block 5. Data collected at the northern
groundwater well (Block 5 North) shows 2 continuous periods of inundation/saturation greater than 29
days duration; (52 days in the spring and 38 days in the fall) The 13 total inundation/saturation events
during the 2008 growing season, averaged 13 days duration. Data collected at the southern
groundwater well (Block 5 South) showed 2 continuous periods (34 days in the spring and 33 days in
the fall) exceeding inundation/saturation greater than 29 days duration. The Block 5 South well
experienced 14 total inundation/saturation events during the 2008 growing season with an average
duration of 12 days.
Reference Wells - Data from the two reference wells were very different and no data were missing.
The Sopp Hollow reference well exhibited two distinct continuous periods of inundation/saturation
greater than 29 days. The continuous spring period of 90 days inundation/saturation was separated
from the 97 day, fall period of continuous inundation/saturation by a 56 day, summer (June-July) water
table drawdown . There were 4 total inundation/saturation events observed averaging 47 days in
length.
Just like in the 2007 growing season, the Bear Prong reference well did not exhibit any continuous
period of inundation/saturation greater than 29 days duration in the 2008 growing season. The longest
period of inundation/saturation of the 9 periods recorded was 19 days. The average period of
Page 9 of 14
inundation/saturation was 6 days. The Sopp Hollow reference well is situated 1000 feet from any road
or ditch on a non-riparian pocosin site which is most similar to Hofmann Forest wetland mitigation
blocks 3, 4 and 5. The reference well at Bear Prong is located in more of a riparian bottomland
hardwood drain.
Vegetation
The HFWMB was originally designed to promote development of a mixture of plant community types
including pine savanna forest, nonriverine wet hardwood forest and nonriverine cypress forest (Figure
6). Species are planted in a variety of arrangements but the overall project simulates a natural wetland
community. Blocks 1 and 2 were planted in March 1999. Block 3 was planted in 2000. A portion of
Block 3 was replanted in 2005 along with initial planting of Blocks 4 and 5. Block 1 contains a species
trial in two strips (17-acres), four wildlife strips (8-acres), six hardwood and cypress strips (46-acres),
and a small area cleared after the 1999 planting which was planted with longleaf pine when Block 3
was planted in 2000. Block 2 contains a replicate of the species trial (Block 1) in two strips (18-
acres), five hardwood and cypress strips (47-acres), and four wildlife strips (8-acres). Species planted
include: longleaf pine, bald cypress, red maple, sweet gum, cherrybark oak, green ash, water oak,
willow oak. swamp chestnut, live oak and sawtooth oak..
Blocks 3, 4, and 5 were planted in three strips. Strip one is a pine savannah. 32 acres in each of the
three blocks were planted with longleaf pine. This is followed by a 30 foot firebreak. Strip two is
nonriverine wet hardwood forest. Hardwood plantings in Block 3, 4 and 5 for wildlife habitat
enhancement contain a mixture of water oak and willow oak. Each block contains 16 acres of oaks.
The final strip is planted as nonriverine cypress swamp forest. Thirty-two acres of bald cypress were
planted in each of Blocks 3, 4, and 5.
Oak survival in blocks 3, 4, and 5 led to delay of complete hydrological restoration in an attempt to
allow young oaks to establish before raising the water table on the site. In the meantime smilax
competition was overtopping planted cypress. These developments led to the use of herbicides
approved by EPA for wetland use in an attempt to enhance survival and growth of planted species
(since the intial success criteria were defined on numbers and size of surviving planted stems at the end
of 5 years). Some of the MBRT was opposed to the idea of herbicide use so a compromise was
reached that led to a written modification to the original Hofmann Forest restoration plan. This
modification allows for natural regeneration to occur on blocks 3, 4 and 5 and removes the emphasis
on planted tree size and surviving numbers.
Vegetation Success Criteria
The success criteria for vegetation establishment at the HFWMB is based on survival and growth of
preferred species at the end of the five-year monitoring period which began when all water control
structures were in place (200. The success criteria for Blocks 1 & 2 are currently not the same as those
for Blocks 3, 4 and 5.
Page 10 of 14
Figure 6 - Vegetation planting by wetland restoration type and arrangement of sampling
plots on Hofmann Forest Wetland Mitigation Bank.
Blocks 1 & 2 - The success criteria for vegetation establishment on Blocksl & 2 are:
1) Survival of preferred, planted species must be at a minimum of 260 stems/acre at the end of the 5
year period.
Page 11 of 14
2) No single volunteer species (especially, Red Maple, Loblolly Pine and/or Sweet Gum) may
comprise > 50% of the total vegetation composition.
3) No single volunteer species (especially, Red Maple, Loblolly Pine and/or Sweet Gum) may average
more than twice the height of planted trees at year 5.
Blocks 3, 4 & 5 -
The success criterion for vegetation establishment on Blocks 3, 4 & 5 is defined in the modification to
the original mitigation banking restoration plan as:
1) At the end of 5 years, no less than 90% of the surviving stems or aerial coverage per acre will be
pocosin species either found at the Sopp Hollow reference well location or listed as pocosin spescies
in:
Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North
Carolina. Third approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh. 325
Pp.
Existing planted trees in
Blocks 3, 4 & 5 are not
included in the calculation of
surviving stems per acre.
Vegetation Monitoring
Procedure
Vegetation success criterion
must be met only at the end
of the 5-year monitoring
period, but periodic tracking
of the vegetation component
during the 5-year monitoring
period is required to initiate
corrective measures should it
appear as though the
vegetation success criteria are Figure 7 - Longleaf pine surviving wet feet on organic soils in Block
not going to be achieved 3. Note the 4 corners of a veg. sample plot marked with white PVC
any of the 5 mitigation blocks. sleeves over rebar.
A system of 77, fixed-area
plots were marked in the field with 4 pieces of '/2 inch rebar sleeved in PVC pipe (one at each plot
Page 12 of 14
corner). Each permanently located plot is one-tenth acre, square, (66 feet on a side) (Figure 7).
One reference plot was located near the reference well in the pocosin east of Sopp Hollow Road. A
total of 7.7 acres was sampled (2% of bank area). Planted tree survival and tree height by species was
recorded in each sample plot in Blocks 1 and 2. Number and mean height of volunteer trees and
shrubs were also recorded. In Blocks 3, 4, and 5, plots were sampled for counts by species. Height
was not recorded and although the surviving planted trees were counted their counts are not included in
plot summarization as directed in the modification to the MBI.
Results of Vegetation Monitoring
Blocks 1 & 2 - Table 3 summarizes the trees per acre (TPA) and height averages observed in the
sample plots on Blocks I & 2. More detailed plot by plot summaries are available in Appendix C.
TPA counts of planted trees averaged well over the 260 planted TPA required. Only 4 out of 17
sample plots in Block 1 had less than 260 planted TPA. All but two sample plots in Block 2 had more
than 260 surviving, planted TPA. Of all plots on both blocks having planted tree survival less than 260
TPA, four consisted of planted oak species; one was longleaf pine and one was red maple.
To meet the planted vegetation height criterion, the average heights of volunteer trees must be less than
2 times the planted tree heights. No plots contained volunteer species whose heights exceeded planted
trees by such a margin and only plot 2-13 had volunteer tree heights taller than planted tree heights.
Sweetgum was the volunteer species whose average height exceeded the planted cypress in this plot.
Table 3 - Summary of trees/acre and tree height by tree origin for the 2008 growing season on Blocks 1
& 2 of the HFWMB.
#Satmple Avg. Planted Avg. Volunteer Avg. Planted Avg. Volttnteer
Black Plots TPA TPA Heights Heights
1 17 365 1 , 501 14.0 9.5
2 16 368 1,402 13.1 6.7
Both Blocks 33 366 1,452 13.5 Z-.1
Blocks 3, 4 & 5 -
Table 4 summarizes the results of vegetation inventory on Blocks 3,4 and 5. More detailed species
counts by plot, species codes used and pocosin designation source are found in Appendix C. The only
non-pocosin tree species found in Blocks 3,4,5 were American Holly and Loblolly Pine.
Page 13 of 14
Table 4 - Percentage of pocosin species found in vegetation inventory plots in Blocks 3, 4 & 5
Avg.# Vol. All Pocosin
#Sample 5pecieslPlot All Volunteers Volunteers Avg. % of
Block Plots COLInted CO rated COUrzted Pocosin Veg.
3 14 6 9858 9852 99.911%
4 14 7 2279 '271 99.6 ?,>
5 16 6 1652 1612 9 7.6''/I
Three Blacks 44 6 3,931 3,883 9S.8
Conclusions and Recommendations:
The NC State Natural Resources Foundation has made every effort to comply with the success criteria
of the restoration plan as agreed to in the MBI. The modification to the MBI removed the necessity to
continue to try to establish oak in the pocosin environment of Blocks 3 to 5. The more "normal" rainfall
in the 2008 growing season allowed all groundwater wells to meet the wetland criterion. The re-
establishment of pocosin vegetation in Blocks 3 through 5 after herbicide application continues rapidly
with the addition of loblolly pine in the naturally regenerating species mix.
Page 14 of 14
APPENDIX A -
Modification (2006) of the vegetation success criteria defined in the
original Hofmann Forest Mitigation Banking Instrument
Modification to Hofmann Forest Wetland Mitigation Bank: Wetland Restoration and
Monitoring Plan proposed in response to the Mitigation Bank Review Team
recommendations of July 18, 2006
According to the original Hofinann Forest Wetland Mitigation Bank: Wetland Restoration and
Monitoring Plan (WRMP), vegetation establishment efforts were to be conducted in all five tracts
of the mitigation bank area. Vegetation consisting of suitable wetland species has been planted on
all five tracts, but problems with survival (in the case of oak species) and competing vegetation
led to replanting efforts and herbicide use to reduce the impacts of competing natural vegetation
(particularly blanketing by smilax species). The vegetation success criterion of all five blocks was
to have 260 trees per acre of planted species surviving at the end of 5 years.
After consultation with a majority of the membership of the Mitigation Bank Review Team
(MBRT) it was decided that vegetation management efforts on tracts 3, 4, and 5 to foster planted
species would be suspended in favor of allowing natural regeneration to take place. Under this
modification to the original restoration plan, vegetation success criterion will change from a
threshold of 260 trees per acre of planted species surviving after 5 years to 260 trees per acre of
acceptable species surviving after 5 years. Acceptable species are any native tree and/or shrub
species with the exception of red maple (Acer rubrum), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and
loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Height of the natural and planted species on Blocks 3, 4 and 5 would
no longer be a success criterion.
A vegetation inventory would still be conducted periodically to ensure that the 260 stems per acre
limit is exceeded by acceptable species. Vegetation success criteria for Blocks 1 and 2 will not
change from the original restoration plan. All other success criteria will also remain unchanged
from the original restoration plan. This modification is being proposed to ensure there will be no
more use of herbicides on the mitigation tract, with the realization that although the survival of
planted species may suffer without competition release, success criterion will now allow the
inclusion of natural tree and shrubs of acceptable species along with the original planted oaks,
longleaf pine and cypress to arrive at the 260 plants per acre survival target.
Inventory for blocks will be done in accordance with the directives found in the original WRMP.
Vegetation inventory is to be accomplished by counting surviving acceptable tree species on 2
percent of the mitigation bank area. For a 388 acre bank, 2% of the area includes 75, 1/10th acre
permanent plot locations with each plot a 74.5 ft diameter circle. With 5 blocks of approximately
80 acres each, there will be 15 circular plots measured per block. The arrangement of the
permanent inventory plot locations for all 5 blocks and the three wetland restoration types appears
in Figure 1 (pine savanna forest = 20 plots representative of 100 acres, non-riverine wet
hardwood forest = 35 plots representative of 180 acres and non-riverine cypress swamp forest =
20 plots representative of 108 acres). If total survival of acceptable (or planted) species in any
block or restoration type falls below the 260 trees per acre required, longleaf pine (Pinus
palustris) may be planted to increase tree density.
Appendix B - 2008 Growing Season Hydrographs for
Hofmann Forest Wetland Mitigation Bank and
Reference Wells
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Appendix C - Results of sampling vegetation inventory plots for 2008 growing season
Table C1 - Species codes used in tabular summaries with indication of pocosin status
based on Schafale & Weakley or the Hofmann Forest reference plot.
code Taxonomic Identity Common Source Pocosin
A Andropogon sp. Broomsedge schafale 1
AR Acer rubrum Red Maple schafale 0
BN Betula nigra River Birch schafale 1
BH Baccharis halimifolia eastern baccharis schafale 1
BW Bladderwort bladderwort refplot 1
CA Clethra alnifolia coastal sweetpepperbush schafale 1
CHOKE Aronia arbutifolia chokeberry schafale 0
CR Cyrilla racemiflora swamp titi refplot 1
DD Cuscuta spp. Dodder Vine refplot 1
EU Eupatoria sp. Eupatoria schafale 0
FP Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash schafale 0
GL Gordonia lasianthus loblolly bay refplot 1
ID Ilex decidua Deciduous holly schafale 1
IC Ilex coriacea large gallberry refplot 1
IG Ilex glabra inkberry schafale 1
10 Ilex opaca American holly schafale 0
IV Ilex verticillaca Winterberry schafale 1
KA Kalmia angustifolia (var. caroliniana) sheep laurel refplot 1
LL Lyonia lucida fetterbush refplot 1
LS Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum schafale 0
MC Myrica cerifera wax myrtle schafale 0
MV Magnolia virginiana Virginia bay refplot 1
NB Nyssa biflora blackgum schafale 0
PB Persea borbonia redbay refplot 1
PP Pinus palustris long leaf pine schafale 0
PS Pinus serotina pond pine refplot 1
PT Pinus taeda loblolly pine schafale 0
QA Quercus acutissima sawtooth oak schafale 0
QL Quercus lyrata overcup oak schafale 0
QM Quercus micheauxii swamp chestnut oak schafale 0
QN Quercus nigra water oak schafale 0
QP Quercus phellos willow oak schafale 0
QPG Quercus pagodifolia cherrybark oak schafale 0
QV Quercus virginiana live oak schafale 0
RA Rubus argutus blackberry schafale 0
RC Rhus coppallina winged sumac schafale 0
Rh Rhodendron sp. rhodendron refplot 1
SL Smilax laurifollia catbriar refplot 1
SN Salix nigra black willow schafale 0
SM Sphagnum papillosum sphagnum moss refplot 1
ST Symplocos tinctoria horsesugar schafale 0
TD Taxodium distichum bald cypress schafale 0
VF Vaccinium formosum blueberry schafale 1
WA Woodwardia aerolata netted chainfern schafale 1
WV Woodwardia virginica Virginia chainfern schafale 1
C1
Table C2 - Species found in the Hofmann Forest vegetation
reference plot 1,000 feet east of Sopp Hollow Road.
code position taxonomic identity common
BW herb Bladderwort bladderwort
CR shrub Cyrilla racemiflora swamp titi
DD vine Dodder Dodder
GL canopy Gordonia lasianthus loblolly bay
IC shrub Ilex coriacea large gallberry
IG shrub Ilex glabra inkberry
K herb Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel
LL shrub Lyonia lucida fetterbush
MV shrub Magnolia virginiana Virginia bay
PB shrub Persea borbonia redbay
PS canopy Pinus serotina pond pine
Rh shrub Rhodendron rhodendron
SL vine Smilax laurifollia catbriar
SM herb Sphagnum papillosum sphagnum moss
Plots are 1/10 acre in size as squares 66 feet on a side
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