HomeMy WebLinkAbout3 EPA 2012 Edition of the DW Standards and Health Advisories_20170726A Unitled S11aids
EPA Environmental Rrotlectliion
Agency
2012 Edition of the Drinking
Water Standards and Health
Advisories
2012 Edition of the Drinking Water
Standards and Health Advisories
EPA 822-S-12-001
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC
Spring 2012
Date of update: April, 2012
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper that contains ILW
at least 50% recycled fiber.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page iii of vi
The Health Advisory (HA) Program, sponsored by the EPA's Office of Water (OW), publishes
concentrations of drinking water contaminants at Drinking Water Specific Risk Level
Concentration for cancer (10-4 Cancer Risk) and concentrations of drinking water contaminants
at which noncancer adverse health effects are not anticipated to occur over specific exposure
durations - One -day, Ten-day, and Lifetime - in the Drinking Water Standards and Health
Advisories (DWSHA) tables. The One -day and Ten-day HAs are for a 10 kg child and the
Lifetime HA is for a 70 kg adult. The daily drinking water consumption for the 10 kg child and
70 kg adult are assumed to be 1 L/day and 2 L/day, respectively. The Lifetime HA for the
drinking water contaminant is calculated from its associated Drinking Water Equivalent Level
(DWEL), obtained from its Rf ), and incorporates a drinking water Relative Source Contribution
(RSC) factor of contaminant -specific data or a default of 20% of total exposure from all sources.
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) for
some regulated drinking water contaminants are also published.
HAs serve as the informal technical guidance for unregulated drinking water contaminants to
assist Federal, State and local officials, and managers of public or community water systems in
protecting public health as needed. They are not to be construed as legally enforceable Federal
standards. EPA's OW has provided MCL, MCLGs, RfDs, One -Day HAs, Ten-day HAs,
DWELs, and Lifetime HAs. Drinking Water Specific Risk Level Concentration for cancer (10-4
Cancer Risk), and Cancer Descriptors in the DWSHA tables. HAs are intended to protect against
noncancer effects. The 10-4 Cancer Risk level provides information concerning cancer effects.
The MCL values for specific drinking water contaminants must be used for regulated
contaminants in public drinking water systems.
The DWSHA tables are revised periodically by the OW so that the benchmark values are
consistent with the most current Agency assessments. Reference dose (RfD) values are updated
to reflect the values in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and the Office of Pesticide
Programs (OPP) Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) documents. The associated DWEL
is recalculated accordingly.
A Lifetime noncancer benchmark is made available to risk assessment managers for comparison
to the cancer risk level drinking water concentration (10-4 Cancer Risk) and to determine whether
the noncancer Lifetime HA or the cancer risk level drinking water concentration provides a more
meaningful scenario -specific risk reduction. In this regard, the Office of Water defines the
Lifetime HA as the concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse
noncarcinogenic effects for a lifetime of exposure, whereas the 10-4 Cancer Risk is the
concentration of the chemical contaminant in drinking water that is associated with a specific
probability of cancer. The Office of Water also advises consideration of the more conservative
cancer risk levels (IV, 10), found in the IRIS or OPP RED source documents, if it is
considered more appropriate for exposure -specific risk assessment.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page iv of vi
Many of the values on the DWSHA tables have been revised since the original HAs were
published. Revised RfDs, 10"4 Cancer Risk values, and cancer designations or descriptors
obtained from Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), and One -day and Ten-day
Health Advisories are presented in BOLD type. Revised RfDs, 10"4 Cancer Risk values,
and cancer designations or descriptors obtained from Office of Pesticide Program's
Registration Eligibility Decision (OPP RED) are presented in BOLD ITALICS type.
The summaries of IRIS Toxicological Reviews from which the RfDs and cancer
benchmarks, as well as the associated narratives and references can be accessed at:
http://www.el2a.gov/IRIS. Those from OPP REDs can be accessed at:
http://www.epa.goy/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm.
In some cases, there is an HA value for a contaminant but there is no reference to an HA
document. Such HA values can be found in the Drinking Water Criteria Document for
the contaminant.
With a few exceptions, the RfDs, Health Advisories, and Cancer Risk values have been
rounded to one significant figure following the convention adopted by IRIS.
For unregulated chemicals with current IRIS or OPP REDs RfDs, the Lifetime Health
Advisories are calculated from the associated DWELs, using the RSC values published in
the HA documents for the contaminants.
The DWSHA tables may be reached from the Water Science home page at:
http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/. The DWSHA tables are accessed under the Drinking Water
icon.
Copies the Tables may be ordered free of charge from
SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
1-800-426-4791
Monday thru Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM EST
iv
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
DEFINITIONS
Page v of vi
The following definitions for terms used in the DWSHA tables are not all -encompassing, and
should not be construed to be "official" definitions. They are intended to assist the user in
understanding terms used in the DWSHA tables.
Action Level: The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other
requirements which a water system must follow. For example, it is the level of lead or copper
which, if exceeded in over 10% of the homes tested, triggers treatment for corrosion control.
Cancer Classification: A descriptive weight -of -evidence judgment as to the likelihood that an
agent is a human carcinogen and the conditions under which the carcinogenic effects may be
expressed. Under the 2005 EPA Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, Cancer Descriptors
replace the earlier alpha numeric Cancer Group designations (US EPA 1986 guidelines). The
Cancer Descriptors in the 2005 EPA Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment are as follows:
• "carcinogenic to humans" (H)
• "likely to be carcinogenic to humans" (L)
• "likely to be carcinogenic above a specified dose but not likely to be carcinogenic below
that dose because a key event in tumor formation does not occur below that dose" (L/N)
• "suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential" (S)
• "inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential" (I)
• "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans" (N)
The letter abbreviations provided parenthetically above are now used in the DWSHA tables in
place of the prior alpha numeric identifiers for chemicals that have been evaluated under the new
guidelines (the 2005 guidelines or the 1996 and 1999 draft guidelines) or whose records in the
DWSHA tables have been revised.
Cancer Group: A qualitative weight -of -evidence judgment as to the likelihood that a chemical
may be a carcinogen for humans. Each chemical was placed into one of the following five
categories (US EPA 1986 guidelines). The Cancer Group designations are given in the Tables for
chemicals that have not yet been evaluated under the new guidelines or whose records in the
DWSHA tables have been revised.
Group Category
A Human carcinogen
B Probable human carcinogen:
B1 indicates limited human evidence
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page vi of A
B2 indicates sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in humans
C Possible human carcinogen
D Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity
E Evidence of noncarcinogenicity for humans
10-4 Cancer Risk: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess
estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000.
Drinking Water Advisory: A nonregulatory concentration of a contaminant in water that is
likely to be without adverse effects on health and aesthetics for the period it is derived.
DWEL: Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A DWEL is a drinking water lifetime exposure
level, assuming 100% exposure from that medium, at which adverse, noncarcinogenic health
effects would not be expected to occur.
HA: Health Advisory. An estimate of acceptable drinking water levels for a chemical substance
based on health effects information; an HA is not a legally enforceable Federal standard, but
serves as technical guidance to assist Federal, State, and local officials.
One -Day HA: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to
cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to one day of exposure. The One -Day
HA is intended o protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day.
Ten -Day HA: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to
cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten -Day
HA is also intended to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day.
Lifetime HA: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to
cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for a lifetime of exposure, incorporating a
drinking water RSC factor of contaminant -specific data or a default of 20% of total
exposure from all sources. The Lifetime HA is based on exposure of a 70-kg adult
consuming 2 liters of water per day. For Lifetime HAs developed for drinking water
contaminants before the Lifetime HA policy change to develop Lifetime HAs for all
drinking water contaminants regardless of carcinogenicity status in this DWSHA update,
the Lifetime HA for Group C carcinogens, as indicated by the 1986 Cancer Guidelines,
includes an uncertainty adjustment factor of 10 for possible carcinogenicity.
MCLG: Maximum Contaminant Level Goal. A non -enforceable health benchmark goal which is
set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons is expected
to occur and which allows an adequate margin of safety.
vi
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page vii of vi
MCL: Maximum Contaminant Level. The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in
drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLG as feasible using the best available analytical
and treatment technologies and taking cost into consideration. MCLs are enforceable standards.
Oral cancer slope factor: The slope factor is the result of application of a low -dose
extrapolation procedure and is presented as the risk per (mg/kg)/day.
RfD: Reference Dose. An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of
a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be
without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.
Risk Specific Level Concentration: The concentration of the chemical contaminant in drinking
water or air providing cancer risks of 1 in 10,000, 1 in 100,000, or 1 in 100,000,000.
SDWR: Secondary Drinking Water Regulations. Non -enforceable Federal guidelines regarding
cosmetic effects (such as tooth or skin discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or
color) of drinking water.
TT: Treatment Technique. A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in
drinking water.
Unit Risk: The unit risk is the quantitative estimate in terms of either risk per µg/L drinking
water or risk per µg/m3 air breathed.
Vii
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
ABBREVIATIONS
D
Draft
DWEL
Drinking Water Equivalent Level
DWSHA
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
F
Final
HA
Health Advisory
I
Interim
IRIS
Integrated Risk Information System
MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
NA
Not Applicable
NOAEL
No -Observed -Adverse -Effect Level
OPP
Office of Pesticide Programs
OW
Office of Water
P
Proposed
Pv
Provisional
RED
Registration Eligibility Decision
Reg
Regulation
RfD
Reference Dose
TT
Treatment Technique
Page viii of vi
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 1 of 12
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
mg/L at
Status
CASRN
Status
MCLG
MCL
HA
10-4 Cancer
Cancer
Chemicals
Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Document
One -day
Ten-day
RID
DWEL
Life -time
Risk
Descriptor'
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
ORGANICS
Acenaphthene
83-32-9
-
-
-
-
0.06
2
-
Acifluorfen (sodium)
62476-59-9
-
F '88
2
2
0.01
0.4
0.1
LIN
Acrylamide
79-06-1
F
zero
TT
F `87
1.5
0.3
0.002
0.07
-
L
Acrylonitrile
107-13-1
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.006
B1
Alachlor
15972-60-8
F
zero
0.002
F `88
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.4
-
0.04
B2
Aldicarb3
116-06-3
F4
0.001
0.003
F `95
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.035
0.007
-
D
Aldicarb sulfone3
1646-88-4
F4
0.001
0.002
F `95
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.035
0.007
D
Aldicarb sulfoxide3
1646-87-3
F4
0.001
0.004
F `95
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.035
0.007
-
D
Aldrin
309-00-2
-
-
-
F `92
0.0003
0.0003
0.00003
0.001
-
0.0002
B2
Ametryn
834-12-8
-
-
F `88
9
9
0.009
0.3
0.06
-
D
Ammonium sulfamate
7773-06-0
-
-
F `88
20
20
0.2
8
2
D
Anthracene (PAH) 5
120-12-7
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.3
10
-
D
Atrazine
1912-24-9
F
0.003
0.003
F `88
-
-
0.02
0.7
-
N
Baygon
114-26-1
-
-
F `88
0.04
0.04
0.004
0.1
0.003
C
Bentazon
25057-89-0
-
F `99
0.3
0.3
0.03
1
0.2
E
Benz[a]anthracene (PAH)
56-55-3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B2
Benzene
71-43-2
P
zero
0.005
F '87
0.2
0.2
0.004
0.1
0.003
1 to 10
H
Benzo[a]pyrene (PAH)
50-32-8
P
zero
0.0002
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.0005
B2
Benzo[b]fluoranthene (PAH)
205-99-2
-
-
-
-
B2
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene (PAH)
191-24-2
-
-
-
D
Benzo[k]fluoranthene (PAH)
207-08-9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B2
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether
108-60-1
-
-
F `89
4
4
0.04
1
0.3
-
Bromacil
314-40-9
-
-
F `88
5
5
0.1
3.5
0.07
C
Bromobenzene j
108-86-1
-
-
D `86
1 4
4
0.008
0.3
0.06
I
1 Chemicals evaluated under the 2005 Cancer Guidelines or the 1996 or 1999 drafts are demoted by an abbreviation for their weight -of -the -evidence descriptor (see page iii). If the agency
has not completed a new assessment for the chemical, the 1986 Guidelines Group designation (see page iii) is given in the Cancer Descriptor column.
2 When Acrylamide is used in drinking water systems, the combination (or product) of dose and monomer level shall not exceed that equivalent to a polyacrylamide polymer containing
0.05% monomer dosed at 1 mg/L.
3 The MCL value for any combination of two or more of these three chemicals should not exceed 0.007 mg/L because of a similar mode of action.
4 Administrative stay of the effective date.
5 PAH = Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 2 of 11
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
mg/L at
Status
CASRN
Status
MCLG
MCL
HA
10-4 Cancer
Cancer
Chemicals
Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Document
One -day
Ten-day
RfD
DWEL
Life -time
Risk
Descriptor
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Bromochloromethane
74-97-5
-
F `89
50
1
0.01
0.5
0.09
-
D
Bromodichloromethane (THM)
75-27-4
F
zero
0.08 ,
-
1
0.6
0.003
0.1
-
0.1
L
Bromoform (THM)
75-25-2
F
zero
0,081
-
5
0.2
0.03
1
-
0.8
L
Bromomethane
74-83-9
-
D `89
0.1
0.1
0.001
0.05
0.01
-
D
Butyl benzyl phthalate
85-68-7
-
-
-
-
0.2
7
-
C
Butylate
2008-41-5
-
F `89
2
2
0.05
2
0.4
-
D
Carbaryl
63-25-2
-
F `88
1
1
0.01
0.4
-
4
L
Carbofaran
1563-66-2
F
0.04
0.04
F `87
-
-
0.00006
-
-
-
N
Carbon tetrachloride
56-23-5
F
zero
0.005
F `87
4
0.2
0.004
0.1
0.03
0.05
L
Carboxin
5234-68-4
-
F `88
1
1
0.1
3.5
0.7
-
D
Chloramben
133-90-4
-
F `88
3
3
0.015
0.5
0.1
-
D
Chlordane
12798-03-6
F
zero
0.002
F `87
0.06
0.06
0.0005
0.02
0.004
0.01
B2
Chloroform (THM)
67-66-3
F
0.07
0.08,
-
4
4
0.01
0.35
0.07
-
L/N
Chloromethane
74-87-3
-
F `89
9
0.4
-
-
-
I
Chlorophenol (2-)
95-57-8
-
D `94
0.5
0.5
0.005
0.2
0.04
-
D
Chlorothalonil
1897-45-6
-
F `88
0.2
0.2
0.015
0.5
-
0.15
B2
Chlorotoluene o-
95-49-8
-
F `89
2
2
0.02
0.7
0.1
-
D
Chlorotoluene p-
106-43-4
-
F `89
2
2
0.02
0.7
0.1
D
Chlorpyrifos
2921-88-2
-
F `92
0.03
0.03
0.0003
0.01
0.002
D
Chrysene (PAH)
218-01-9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B2
Cyanazine
21725-46-2
-
D `96
1 0.1
0.1
0.002
0.07
0.001
' 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: The total for trihalomethanes (THM) is 0.08 mg/L.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 3 of 12
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
mg/L at
Status
CASRN
Status
MCLG
MCL
HA
One -day
Ten-day
Rf)
DWEL
Life -time
10-'4 Cancer
Cancer
Chemicals
Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Document
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Risk
Descriptor
Cyanogen chloride'
506-77-4
0.05
0.05
0.05
2
D
2,4-D (2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
94-75-7
F
0.07
0.07
F `87
1
0.3
0.005
0.2
-
D
DCPA (Dacthal)
1861-32-1
F `08
2
2
0.01
0.35
0.07
C
Dalapon (sodium salt)
75-99-0
F
0.2
0.2
F `89
3
3
0.03
0.9
0.2
-
D
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
103-23-1
F
0.4
0.4
20
20
0.6
20
0.4
3
C
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
117-81-7
F
zero
0.006
-
-
0.02
0.7
-
0.3
B2
Diazinon
333-41-5
F `88
0.02
0.02
0.0002
0.007
0.001
-
E
Dibromochloromethane (THM)
124-48-1
F
0.06
0.08'
0.6
0.6
0.02
0.7
0.06
0.08
S
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
96-12-8
F
zero
0.0002
F '87
0.2
0.05
-
-
-
0.003
B2
Dibutyl phthalate
84-74-2
-
-
-
0.1
4
-
-
D
Dicamba
1918-00-9
F `88
-
-
0.5
18
4
-
N
Dichloroacetic acid
76-43-6
F
zero
0.06'
-
3
3
0.004
0.1
0.03
0.07
L
Dichlorobenzene o-
95-50-1
F
0.6
0.6
F `87
9
9
0.09
3
0.6
-
D
Dichlorobenzene _4
541-73-1
F `87
9
9
0.09
3
0.6
D
Dichlorobenzene p-
106-46-7
F
0.075
0.075
F `87
11
11
0.1
4
0.075
C
Dichlorodifluoromethane
75-71-8
F '89
40
40
0.2
5
1
-
D
Dichloroethane (1,2-)
107-06-2
F
zero
0.005
F `87
0.7
0.7
-
-
-
0.04
B2
Dichloroethylene (1,1-)
75-35-4
F
0.007
0.007
F `87
2
1
0.05
2
0.4
0.006
S
Dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-)
156-59-2
F
0.07
0.07
F `90
4
3
0.002
0.07
0.01
-
I
Dichloroethylene (trans-1,2-)
156-60-5
F
0.1
0.1
F `87
20
2
0.02
0.7
0.1
-
I
Dichloromethane
75-09-2
F
zero
0.005
D `93
10
2
0.06
2
0.2
0.5
L
Dichlorophenol(2,4-)
120-83-2
D `94
0.03
0.03
0.003
0.1
0.02
-
E
Dichloropropane (1,2-)
78-87-5
F
zero
0.005
F '87
-
0.09
-
-
-
0.06
B2
Dichloropropene (1,3-)
542-75-6
F `88
0.03
0.03
0.03
1
0.04
L
Dieldrin
60-57-1
F `88
0.0005
0.0005
0.00005
0.002
0.0002
B2
11 Diethyl phthalate
84-66-2
-
-
-
-
0.8
30
-
D
' Under review.
Z 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: The total for trihalomethanes is 0.08 mg/L.
3 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: The total for five haloacetic acids is 0.06 mg/L.
4 The values for m-dichlorobenzene are based on data for o-dichlorobenzene.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 4 of 12
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
mg/L at
Status
CASRN
Status
MCLG
MCL
HA
One -day
Ten-day
RfD
DWEL
Life -time
10-4 Cancer
Cancer
Chemicals
Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Document
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Risk
Descriptor
Diisopropylmethylphosphonate
1445-75-6
F `89
8
8
0.08
3
0.6
-
D
Dimethrin
70-38-2
F `88
10
10
0.3
10
2
-
D
Dimethyl methylphosphonate
756-79-6
F `92
2
2
0.2
7
0.1
0.7
C
Dimethyl phthalate
131-11-3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
Dinitrobenzene (1,3-)
99-65-0
F `91
0.04
0.04
0.0001
0.005
0.001
-
D
Dinitrotoluene (2,4-)
121-14-2
F `08
1
1
0.002
0.1
-
0.005
L
Dinitrotoluene (2,6-)
606-20-2
F `08
0.4
0.04
0.001
0.04
-
0.005
L
Dinitrotoluene (2,6 & 2,4)
F `92
-
-
-
-
-
0.005
B2
Dinoseb
88-85-7
F
0.007
0.007
F `88
0.3
0.3
0.001
0.035
0.007
-
D
Dioxane p-
123-91-1
F `87
4
0.4
0.03
1
0.2
.035
L
Diphenamid
957-51-7
F `88
0.3
0.3
0.03
1
0.2
-
D
Diquat
85-00-7
F
0.02
0.02
-
-
-
0.005
0.02
-
E
Disulfoton
298-04-4
F `88
0.01
0.01
0.0001
0.0035
0.0007
E
Dithiane (1,4-)
505-29-3
F `92
0.4
0.4
0.01
0.4
0.08
-
D
Diuron
330-54-1
F `88
1
1
0.003
0.1
-
0.2
L
Endothall
145-73-3
F
0.1
0.1
F `88
0.8
0.8
0.007
0.25
0.05
-
N
Endrin
72-20-8
F
0.002
0.002
F `87
0.02
0.005
0.0003
0.01
0.002
-
I
Epichlorohydrin
106-89-8
F
zero
TT
F `87
0.1
0.1
0.002
0.07
-
0.3
B2
Ethylbenzene
100-41-4
F
0.7
0.7
F `87
30
3
0.1
3
0.7
-
D
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)3
106-93-4
F
zero
0.00005
F `87
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.3
-
0.002
L
Ethylene glycol
107-21-1
F `87
20
6
2
70
14
-
D
Ethylene Thiourea (ETU)
96-45-7
F `88
0.3
0.3
0.0002
0.007
-
0.06
B2
Fenami hos
22224-92-6
F `88
0.009
0.009
0.0001
0.0035
0.0007
-
E
Technical grade.
When epichlorohydrin is used in drinking water systems, the combination (or product) of dose and monomer level shall not exceed that equivalent to an epichlorohydrin-based polymer
containing 0.01 % monomer dosed at 20 mg/L.
1,2-dibromoethane.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 5 of 12
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
mg/L at
Status
Status
MCLG
MCL
HA
One -day
Ten-day
RfD
DWEL
Life -time
10-'4 Cancer
Cancer
Chemicals
CAS Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Standards
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Risk
Descriptor
Fluometuron
2164-17-2
-
-
F `88
2
2
0.01
0.5
0.09
D
Fluorene (PAH)
86-73-7
-
-
-
-
-
0.04
1
-
D
Fonofos
944-22-9
-
F `88
0.02
0.02
0.002
0.07
0.01
D
Formaldehyde
50-00-0
-
D `93
10
5
0.2
7
1
B1'
Glyphosate
1071-83-6
F
0.7
0.7
F `88
20
20
2
70
-
-
D
Heptachlor
76-44-8
F
zero
0.0004
F `87
0.01
0.01
0.0005
0.02
0.0008
B2
Heptachlor epoxide
1024-57-3
F
zero
0.0002
F `87
0.01
-
0.00001
0.0004
0.0004
B2
Hexachlorobenzene
118-74-1
F
zero
0.001
F `87
0.05
0.05
0.0008
0.03
0.002
B2
Hexachlorobutadiene2
87-68-3
-
-
0.3
0.3
0.0003
0.01
0.09
L
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
77-47-4
F
0.05
0.05
-
-
-
0.006
0.2
-
-
N
Hexachloroethane
67-72-1
-
F `91
5
5
0.001
0.04
0.001
0.3
C
Hexane (n-)
110-54-3
-
F `87
10
4
-
-
-
-
I
Hexazinone
51235-04-2
-
F `96
3
2
0.05
2
0.4
D
HMX3
2691-41-0
-
F `88
5
5
0.05
2
0.4
D
Indeno[1,2,3,-c,d]pyrene (PAH)
193-39-5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B2
Isophorone
78-59-1
F `92
15
15
0.2
7
0.1
4
C
Isopropyl methylphosphonate
1832-54-8
F `92
30
30
0.1
3.5
0.7
-
D
Isopropylbenzene(cumene)
98-82-8
-
D `87
11
11
0.1
4
-
D
Lindane4
58-89-9
F
0.0002
0.0002
F `87
1
1
0.005
0.2
-
S
Malathion
121-75-5
F `92
0.2
0.2
0.07
2
0.5
S
Maleic hydrazide
123-33-1
F `88
10
10
0.5
20
4
D
MCPA 5
94-74-6
F `88
0.1
0.1
0.004
0.14
0.03
N
Methomyl
16752-77-5
F `88
0.3
0.3
0.025
0.9
0.2
E
Methoxychlor
72-43-5
F
0.04
0.04
F `87
0.05
0.05
0.005
0.2
0.04
D
Methyl ethyl ketone
78-93-3
-
F `87
75
7.5
0.6
20
4
D
Methyl parathion
298-00-0
-
-
F `88
1 0.3
0.3
0.0002
0.007
0.001
N
' Carcinogenicity based on inhalation exposure.
2 Regulatory Determination Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene
(http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccl/pdfs/reg_determineI/support_cc1 hexachlorobutadiene_healtheffects.pdf).
3 HMX = octahydro- 1,3,5,7-tetranitro- 1,3,5,7-tetrazocine.
4 Lindane = y - hexachlorocyclohexane.
5 MCPA = 4 (chloro-2-methoxyphenoxy) acetic acid.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 6 of 12
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
mg/L at
Status
CASRN
Status
MCLG
MCL
HA
One -day
Ten-day
RfD
DWEL
Life -time
10-4 Cancer
Chemicals
Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Document
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Risk
Cancer
Descriptor
Metolachlor
51218-45-2
-
F `88
2
2
0.1
3.5
0.7
C
Metribuzin
21087-64-9
-
F `88
5
5
0.01
0.35
0.07
D
Monochloroacetic acid
79-11-8
F
0.03
0.06
-
0.2
0.2
0.01
0.35
0.07
I
Monochlorobenzene
108-90-7
F
0.1
0.1
F `87
4
4
0.02
0.7
0.1
D
Naphthalene
91-20-3
-
F `90
0.5
0.5
0.02
0.7
0.1
I
Nitrocellulose
9004-70-0
-
F `88
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nitroguanidine
556-88-7
-
F `90
10
10
0.1
3.5
0.7
D
Nitrophenol p-
100-02-7
-
F `92
0.8
0.8
0.008
0.3
0.06
-
D
N-nitrosodimethylamine
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.00007
BZ
Oxamyl (Vydate)
23135-22-0
F
0.2
0.2
F `05
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.035
-
N
Paraquat
1910-42-5
-
F `88
0.1
0.1
0.0045
0.2
0.03
-
E
Pentachlorophenol
87-86-5
F
zero
0.001
F `87
1
0.3
0.005
0.2
0.04
0.009
L
PFOA3
335-67-1
-
Pv `09
-
-
-
-
-
-
PFOS4
1763-23-1
-
Pv `09
-
-
Phenanthrene (PAH)
85-01-8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
Phenol
108-95-2
-
D `92
6
6
0.3
11
2
D
Picloram
1918-02-1
F
0.5
0.5
F `88
20
20
0.02
0.7
-
D
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
1336-36-3
F
zero
0.0005
D `93
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
B2
Prometon
1610-18-0
-
F `88
0.2
0.2
0.05
2
0.4
N
Pronamide
23950-58-5
-
F `88
0.8
0.8
0.08
3
-
0.1
B2
Propachlor
1918-16-7
-
F `88
0.5
0.5
0.05
2
0.1
L
Propazine
139-40-2
-
F `88
-
-
0.02
0.7
0.01
-
N
Propham
122-42-9
F `88
5
5
0.02
0.6
0.1
D
Pyrene (PAH)
129-00-0
-
-
-
-
0.03
-
-
-
D
RDXs
121-82-4
F `88
0.1
0.1
0.003
0.1
0.002
0.03
C
Simazine
122-34-9
F
0.004
0.004
F `88
-
-
0.02
0.7
-
-
N
Styrene
100-42-5
F
0.1
0.1
F `87
20
2
0.2
7
0.1
C
2,4,5-T (Trichlorophenoxy-acetic
93-76-5
-
F `88
0.8
0.8
0.01
0.35
0.07
D
acid)
' 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: the total for five haloacetic acids is 0.06mg/L.
2 The Health Advisory Document for nitrocellulose does not include HA values and describes this compound as relatively nontoxic
3Perfluorooctanoic Acid.Provisional short-term value 0.0004mg/L
4PerfluorooctaneSulfonate.Provisional short-term value 0.0002mg/L.
5 RDX = hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 7 of 12
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
Status
CASRN
Status
MCLG
MCL
HA
One -day
Ten-day
RfD
DWEL
Life -time
mg/L at 10-4
Cancer
Chemicals
Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Document
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Cancer Risk
Descriptor
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
1746-01-6
F
zero
3E-08
F '87
1 E-06
1E-07
1E-09
4E-08
-
2E-08
B2
Tebuthiuron
34014-18-1
F `88
3
3
0.07
2
0.5
D
Terbacil
5902-51-2
F `88
0.3
0.3
0.01
0.4
0.09
E
Terbufos
13071-79-9
F `88
0.005
0.005
0.00005
0.002
0.0004
-
D
Tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-)
630-20-6
F `89
2
2
0.03
1
0.07
0.1
C
Tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-)
79-34-5
F `08
3
3
0.01
0.4
-
0.04
L
Tetrachloroethylenel
127-18-4
F
zero
0.005
F `87
2
2
0.01
0.5
0.01
-
Tetrachloroterephthalic acid
236-79-0
F `08
100
100
-
-
-
I
Trichlorofluoromethane
75-69-4
F `89
7
7
0.3
10
2
D
Toluene
108-88-3
F
1
1
D `93
20
2
0.08
3
-
-
I
Toxaphene
8001-35-2
F
zero
0.003
F `96
0.004
0.004
0.0004
0.01
-
0.003
B2
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
93-72-1
F
0.05
0.05
F `88
0.2
0.2
0.008
0.3
0.05
-
D
Trichloroacetic acid
76-03-9
F
0.02
0.062
-
3
3
0.03
1
0.02
S
Trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-)
120-82-1
F
0.07
0.07
F `89
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.35
0.07
D
Trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-)
108-70-3
F `89
0.6
0.6
0.006
0.2
0.04
D
Trichloroethane (1,1,1-)
71-55-6
F
0.2
0.2
F `87
100
40
2
70
-
-
I
Trichloroethane (1,1,2-)
79-00-5
F
0.003
0.005
F `89
0.6
0.4
0.004
0.1
0.003
0.06
C
Trichloroethylene'
79-01-6
F
zero
0.005
F `87
-
-
0.007
0.2
-
0.3
B2
Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-)
88-06-2
D `94
0.03
0.03
0.0003
0.01
-
0.3
B2
Trichloropropane (1,2,3-)
96-18-4
F `89
0.6
0.6
0.004
0.1
-
-
L
Trifluralin
1582-09-8
F `90
0.08
0.08
0.02
0.7
0.01
0.4
C
Trimethylbenzene (1,2,4-)
95-63-6
D `87
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
Trimethylbenzene (1,3,5-)
108-67-8
D `87
10
-
-
-
-
D
Trinitroglycerol
55-63-0
-
F `87
0.005
0.005
-
-
0.005
0.2
-
Trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-)
118-96-7
F `89
0.02
0.02
0.0005
0.02
0.002
0.1
C
Vinyl chloride
75-01-4
F
zero
0.002
F `87
3
3
0.003
0.1
-
0.002
H
Xylenes
1330-20-7 1
F
10
10
D `93
1 40
40
0.2
7
-
I
1 Under review.
2 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: The total for five haloacetic acids is 0.06 mg/L.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 8 of 12
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
mg/L at
CASRN
Status
MCLG
MCL
Status
One -day
Ten-day
RfD
DWEL
Life -time
10-4Cancer
Cancer
Chemicals
Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
HA Document
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Risk
Descriptor
INORGANICS
Ammonia
7664-41-7
D `92
-
30
D
Antimony
7440-36-0
F
0.006
0.006
F `92
0.01
0.01
0.0004
0.01
0.006
-
D
Arsenic
7440-38-2
F
zero
0.01
-
-
-
0.0003
0.01
-
0.002
A
Asbestos (fibers/1 >10Fm length)
1332-21-4
F
7 MFL'
7 MFL
-
-
-
-
-
-
700-MFL
AZ
Barium
7440-39-3
F
2
2
D `93
0.7
0.7
0.2
7
-
-
N
Beryllium
7440-41-7
F
0.004
0.004
F `92
30
30
0.002
0.07
-
-
Boron
7440-42-8
F `08
3
3
0.2
7
6
-
I
Bromate
7789-38-0
F
zero
0.01
D `98
0.2
-
0.004
0.14
-
0.005
B2
Cadmium
7440-43-9
F
0.005
0.005
F '87
0.04
0.04
0.0005
0.02
0.005
-
D
Chloramine3
10599-90-3
F
44
44
D `95
-
-
0.1
3.5
3.0
Chlorine
7782-50-5
F
44
44
D `95
3
3
0.1
5
4
D
Chlorine dioxide
10049-04-4
F
0.84
0.84
D `98
0.8
0.8
0.03
1
0.8
D
Chlorite
7758-19-2
F
0.8
1
D `98
0.8
0.8
0.03
1
0.8
D
Chromium (total)
7440-47-3
F
0.1
0.1
F `87
1
1
0.003'
0.1
-
D
Copper (at tap)
7440-50-8
F
1.3
TT
D `98
-
-
-
-
-
D
Cyanide
143-33-9
F
0.2
0.2
F `87
0.2
0.2
0.00067
-
I
Fluoride
7681-49-4
F
4
4
-
8
-
0.069
Lead (at tap)
7439-92-1
F
zero
TT
-
-
-
-
-
-
132
Manganese
7439-96-5
F"04
1
1
0.1410
1.6
0.3
D
Mercury (inorganic)
7487-94-7
F
0.002
0.002
F `87
0.002
0.002
0.0003
0.01
0.002
D
Molybdenum
9-98-7
D `93
0.08
0.08
0.005
0.2
0.04
D
Nickel
L74:40-02-0
F
F `95
1
1
0.02
0.7
0.1
' MFL = million fibers per liter.
2 Carcinogenicity based on inhalation exposure.
3 Monochloramine; measured as free chlorine.
4 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: MRDLG=Maximum Residual Disinfection Level Goal; and MRDL=Maximum Residual Disinfection Level.
s IRIS value for chromium VI.
6 Copper action level 1.3 mg/L; lead action level 0.015 mg/L.
7 This Rf) is for hydrogen cyanide.
8 In case of overfeed of the fluoridation chemical see CDC Guidelines in Engineering and Administrative Recommendations on Water Fluoridation
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00039178.htm. Elevated F levels > 10mg/L require action by the water system operator.
9 Based on dental fluorosis in children, a cosmetic effect. MCLG based on skeletal fluorosis.
10 Dietary manganese. The lifetime health advisory includes a 3 fold modifying factor to account for increased bioavailability from drinking water.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012
Page 9 of 12
Standards
Health Advisories
10-kg
Child
Life-
Status
CASRN
Status
MCLG
MCL
HA
One -day
Ten-day
RfD
DWEL
time
mg/L at 10-4
Cancer
Chemicals
Number
Reg.
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Document
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Cancer Risk
Descriptor
Nitrate (as N)
14797-55-8
F
10
10
D `93
100
100
1.6
-
-
Nitrite (as N)
14797-65-0
F
1
1
D `93
10
10
0.16
-
-
Nitrate + Nitrite (both as N)
F
10
10
D `93
-
-
-
-
-
-
Perchlorate2
14797-73-0
I `08
-
0.007
0.025
0.015
L/N
Selenium
7782-49-2
F
0.05
0.05
-
-
-
0.005
0.2
0.05
D
Silver
7440-22-4
F `92
0.2
0.2
0.0053
0.2
0.13
D
Strontium
7440-24-6
D `93
25
25
0.6
20
4
D
Thallium
7440-28-0
F
0.0005
0.002
F `92
0.007
0.007
-
-
-
I
White phosphorous
7723-14-0
F `90
-
-
0.00002
0.0005
0.0001
D
Zinc
7440-66-6
D `93
6
6
0.3
10
2
I
RADIONUCLIDES
Beta particle and photon
activity (formerly
4 mrem/
man-made radionuclides)
F
zero
yr
-
-
-
-
4 mrem/yr
A
Gross alpha particle activity
F
zero
15 pCi/L
-
-
-
15 pCi/L
A
Combined Radium 226 & 228
7440-14-4
F
zero
5 pCi/L
-
-
A
Radon
10043-92-2
P
zero
300
pCi/L
AMCL4
4000
pCi/L
-
150 pCi/L
A
Uranium
7440-61-1
F
zero
0.03
0.00OC
0.02
-
A
1 These values are calculated for a 4-kg infant and are protective for all age groups.
2 Subchronic value for pregnant women.
3 Based on a cosmetic effect.
4 AMCL = Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level.
5 Soluble uranium salts. Radionuclide Rule.
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Spring 2012 Page 10 of 12
Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
Chemicals
CAS Number
Status
SDWR
Aluminum
7429-90-5
F
0.05 to 0.2 mg/L
Chloride
7647-14-5
F
250 mg/L
Color
NA
F
15 color units
Copper
7440-50-8
F
1.0 mg/L
Corrosivity
NA
F
non -corrosive
Fluoride
7681-49-4
F
2.0 mg/L
Foaming agents
NA
F
0.5 mg/L
Iron
7439-89-6
F
0.3 mg/L
Manganese
7439-96-5
F
0.05 mg/L
Odor
NA
F
3 threshold odor numbers
pH
NA
F
6.5-8.5
Silver
7440-22-4
F
0.1 mg/L
Sulfate
7757-82-6
F
250 mg/L
Total dissolved solids (TDS)
NA
F
500 mg/L
Zinc
7440-66-6
F
5 mg/L
10
Spring 2012
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Microbiology
Page 11 of 12
Status
Status HA
Reg.
Document
MCLG
MCL
Treatment Technique
Cryptosporidium
F
F 01
-
TT
Systems that filter must remove
99% of Cryptosporidium
Giardia lamblia
F
F 98
-
TT
99.9% killed/inactivated
Legionella
F'
F 01
zero
TT
No limit; EPA believes that if
Giardia and viruses are inactivated,
Legionella will also be controlled
Heterotrophic Plate Count
F'
-
NA
TT
No more than 500 bacterial
HPC
colonies per milliliter.
M cobacteria
-
F 99
-
-
-
Total Coliforms
F
-
zero
5%
No more than 5.0% samples total
col iform-positive in a month. Every
sample that has total coliforms must
be analyzed for fecal coliforms; no
fecal coliforms are allowed.
Turbidity
F
-
NA
TT
At no time can turbidity go above 5
NTU nephelometric turbidity units
Viruses
F'
-
zero
TT
99.99% killed/inactivated
Regulated under the surface water treatment rule.
11
Spring 2012
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Drinking Water Advisory Table
Page 12 of 12
Taste
Odor
Chemicals
Status
Health -based Value
Threshold
Threshold
Ammonia
D `92
Not Available
30 mg/L
Methyl tertiary butyl
ether (MtBE)
F `98
Not Available
40 µg/L
20 µg/L
Sodium
F `03
20 mg/L (for
30-60 mg/L
individuals on a 500
mg/day restricted
sodium diet).
Sulfate
F `03
500 mg/L
250 mg/L
Taste Threshold: Concentration at which the majority of consumers do not notice an adverse taste in drinking water; it is
recognized that some sensitive individuals may detect a chemical at levels below this threshold.
Odor Threshold: Concentration at which the majority of consumers do not notice an adverse odor in drinking water; it is
recognized that some sensitive individuals may detect a chemical at levels below this threshold.
12