HomeMy WebLinkAbout20150053 Ver 1_Reports_20071109North Carolina Division of Water Ouality-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Project R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SG, KM Site Stream/Tributary 1 Longitude
Total Points 35
Stream is at least intermittent
if >_19 or perennial if ?30 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 175 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)a Continous bed and bank 3
2) Sinuosity 2
3) In-channel nffle-pool sequence 2
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 3
5) Active/relic floodplam i
6) Despositional bars or benches 2
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 2
9)a Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
11) Grade controls 1
12) Natural valley and drarnageway 15
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(0)= 0 Yes(3)=
USGS or NRCS map or other documented evidence
a Man-made ditches are not rated, see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 10 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge 3
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 3
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (15) Weak (1) Moderate (0 5 Strong (0)
16) Leaflitter 1
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
17) Sediment on plants 05
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 1
19) Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) presents No(0)= Yes(1 5)= 15
C. Biology Subtotal= 75 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(1) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 3
21)b Rooted plants in channel 3
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(l) Strong(1 5)
22) Crayfish 0
Absent(0) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 0
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 15
27) Filamentous algae, penphyton 0
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0
FAC(0 5) FACW(0.75) OBL(1 5) SAV(2 0) Other(0)
29)4 Wetland plants in streambed 0
bItems 10 and 11 focus on the presence of upland plants item 19 focuses on the presence ofaquatic or wetland plants
TOTAL POINTS= 35
(If Greater Than Or Equal To 19 Pomts The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this form for additional notes)
Plecoptera sp, Ephemeroptera sp, Tnchoptera spp, Diptera sp (cranefty)
North Carolina Division of Water Ouality-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Project R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SG, KM Site Stream/Tributary 2 Longitude
Total Points 32
Stream is at least intermittent
if ?l9 or perennial if ;0-0 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 155 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)a Contmous bed and bank 3
2) Sinuosity 2
3) In-channel nftle-pool sequence 2
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 3
5) Active/relic floodplam 1
6) Despositional bars or benches i
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 1
9)2 Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
11) Grade controls t
12) Natural valley and dramageway 15
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(O)= 0 Yes(3)=
USGS or NRCS map or other documented evidence
a Man-made ditches are not rated see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 65 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge 2
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 2
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (15) Weak (1) Moderate (0 5) Strong (0)
16) Leaflitter 05
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
17) Sediment on plants 0
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 05
19) Hydnc soils (redoxlmorphic features) present? No(0)= Yes(1 5)= 15
C. Biology Subtotal= 10 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(1) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 3
21)b Rooted plants in channel 3
Absent(0) Weak(.5) Moderate(1) Strong(15)
22) Crayfish 05
Absent(0) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 1
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 15
27) Filamentous algae, penphyton 1
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0
FAC(0 5) FACW(0 75) OBL(I 5) SAV(2 0) Other(0)
29)b Wetland plants in streambed 0
b Items 10 and 21 focus on the presence ojupland plants item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants
TOTAL POINTS= 32
(If Greater Than Or Equal To 19 Pomts The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this form for additional notes)
Eurycea larvae adult Desmognathus quadramaculatus, Cambarus sp (Crayfish), Odonata sp (dragonfly), Ephemeroptera sp Trichoptera spp , Diptera sp (horse fty)
North Carolina Division of Water Ouallty-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Protect R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SG, KM Site Stream/Tributary 3 Longitude.
Total Points 20 (upstream of US64)
Stream is at least intermittent
if >_19 or perennial if ?0 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 7 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)' Continous bed and bank 2
2) Sinuosity 0
3) In-channel nffle-pool sequence 1
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 2
5) Activelrelic floodplain 0
6) Despositional bars or benches 0
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 0
9)' Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
11) Grade controls 1
12) Natural valley and drainageway 1
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(0)-- 0 Yes(3)=
USGS or NRCS map or other documented evidence
Man-made ditches are not rated see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 35 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge 2
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 1
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (15) Weak (1) Moderate (0 5) Strong (0)
16) Leaflitter 05
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
17) Sediment on plants 0
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0
19) Hydnc soils (redoximorphic features) presents No(0)= 0 Yes(1 5)=
C. Biology Subtotal= 95 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(s) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 3
21)b Rooted plants in channel 3
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
22) Crayfish 0
Absent(0) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 1
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 15
27) Filamentous algae, perlphyton 1
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0
FAC(0 5) FACW(0 75) OBL(1 5) SAV(2 0) Other(0)
29)b Wetland plants in streambed 0
b Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants item 19 focuses on the presence of aquatic or xvedand plants
TOTAL POINTS = 20
(If Greater Than Or Equal To 19 Points The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this form for additional notes)
sub-adult Desmognathus ochrophaeus larval Eurycea sp , Plecoptera sp Trichoptera (3-4 spp )
North Carolina Division of Water Ouality-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Protect R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SC, KM Site Stream/Tributary 3 Longitude
Total Points 20 5 (downstream of US64)
Stream is at least intermittent
if >_19 or perennial if ?30 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 135 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)a Contmous bed and bank 2
2) Sinuosity
1
3) In-channel nffle-pool sequence 2
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 2
5) Active/relic floodplam 0
6) Despositional bars or benches 1
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 0
9)a Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 3
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
11) Grade controls 1
12) Natural valley and drainageway 15
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(0)= 0 Yes(3)=
USGS or NRCS map or other documented evidence
° Man-made ditches are not rated see discussions to manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 2 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge ' 0
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 0
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (15) Weak (1) Moderate (0.5) Strong (0)
16) Leaflitter 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
17) Sediment on plants 0
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 05
19) Hydnc soils (redoximorphic features) present9 No(0)= Yes(1 5)-- 15
C. Biology Subtotal= 5 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(1) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 2
21)b Rooted plants in channel 3
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
22) Crayfish 0-
Absent(O) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 0
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0
27) Filamentous algae, periphyton 0
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0
FAC(0 5) FACW(0.75) OBL(1 5) SAV(2 0) Other(0)
29)b Wetland plants in streambed 0
b Items 10 and 11 focus on the presence of upland plants item 19 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants
TOTAL POINTS= 20 5
(If Greater Than Or Equal To 19 Points The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this form for additional notes)
channel dry, no aquatic Ide or sgns present
North Carolina Division of Water Quality-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Project R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SG, KM Site Stream/Tributary 4 Longitude
Total Points 2951
Stream is at least intermittent
if >_l9 or perennial if ?30 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 135 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)a Contmous bed and bank 3
2) Sinuosiy 2
3) In-channel raffle-pool sequence 2
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 3
5) Activelrelic floodplam 0
6) Des positional bars or benches t
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 0
9)a Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
11) Grade controls 15
12) Natural valley and drainageway 1
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(0)= 0 Yes(3)=
USGS or NRCS ma or other documented evidence
Man-made ditches are not rated, see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 65 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge 2
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 2
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (15) Weak (1) Moderate (0 5 Stroh (0)
16) Leaflitter 05
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (1 5)
17) Sediment on plants 0
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack Imes) 05
19) Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present9 No(Op Yes(1 5)= 1 5
C. Biology Subtotal= 95 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(1) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 3
21)b Rooted plants in channel 3
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Stroh (1 5)
22) Crayfish 0
Absent(0) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 1
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 15
27) Filamentous algae, enphyton 1
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0'
FAC(0 5) FACW 0 75) OBL(1 5) SAV(2 0) Other(0)
29)b Wetland plants in streambed 0
b Items 10 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants
TOTAL POINTS=
29 5
(If Greater Than Or Equal To 19 Points The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this forth for additional notes)
Adult Desmognathus fuscus, pre-metamorph D quadramaculatus, Plecoptera sp , Ephemeroptera sp , Trichoptera sp Odonata sp (dragonfly)
North Carolina Division of Water Ouality-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Protect R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SG, KM Site Stream/Tributary 5 Longitude
Total Points 30
Stream is at least intermittent
if >_19 or perennial if ?30 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 13 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)a Continous bed and bank 3
2) Sinuosity 2
3) In-channel riffle-pool sequence 2
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 2
5) Activelrelic floodplam 0
6) Despositional bars or benches 1
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 0
9)a Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
11) Grade controls 15
12) Natural valley and drainageway 15
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(0)= 0 Yes(3)--
USGS or NRCS map or other documented evidence
° Man-made ditches are not rated see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 8 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge 3
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 2
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (15) Weak (1) Moderate (0 5) Strong (0)
16) Leaflitter 05
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
17) Sediment on plants 05
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 05
19) Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present'?- No(0)= Yes(1 5)= 15
C. Biology Subtotal= 9 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(1) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 3
21)b Rooted plants in channel 3
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
22) Crayfish 0
Absent(0) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 1
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) t
27) Filamentous algae, penphyton 1
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0
FAC(0 5) FACW(0 75) OBL(1 5) SAV(2 0) Other(0)
29)b Wetland plants in streambed 0
°Items 10 and 21 focus on the presence ofupland plants item 29 focuses on the presence ofaquatic or wetland plants
TOTAL POINTS= 30
(If Greater Than Or Equal To 19 Points The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this form for additional notes)
Pre-metamorph and hatching Desmognathus quadramaculatus, Plecoptera sp Ephemeroptera sp
North Carolina Division of Water Ouahty-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Protect R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SG, KM Site Stream/Tributary 6 Longitude
Total Points 265
Stream is at least intermittent
if >_19 or perennial if ?30 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 115 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)a Continous bed and bank 3
2) Sinuosity
1
3) In-channel riffle-pool sequence 2
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 2
5) Active/relic floodplain 0
6) Despositional bars or benches 1
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 0
9)a Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
11) Grade controls 15
12) Natural valley and dramageway 1
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(O)= 0 Yes(3)=
USGS or NRCS map or other documented evidence
a Man-made ditches are not rated see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 65 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge 2
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 2
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (15) Weak (1) Moderate (0 5 Strong (0)
16) Leaflitter 05
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15
)
17) Sediment on plants 0
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 05
19) Hydnc soils (redoximorphic features) present? No(O)= Yes(1 5?-- 1 5
C. Biology Subtotal= 85 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(1) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 3
21)b Rooted plants in channel 2
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
22) Crayfish 0
Absent(0) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 1
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 15
27) Filamentous algae, penphyton 1
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0
FAC(0 5) FACW(0 75) OBL(1 5) SAV(2 0) Other(0)
29)b Wetland plants in streambed 0
Items 10 and 11 focus on the presence of upland plants item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants
TOTAL POINTS= 26 5
(IfGreater Than Or Equal To 19 Points The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this form for additional notes)
Larval Eurycea sp and Desmognathus sp adult D quadramaculatus Odonata (2 sp Dragonflies) Plecoptera sp Ephemeroptera sp Trichoptera sp
North Carolina Division of Water Quality-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Project- R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SG, KM Site Stream/Tributary 7 Longitude
Total Points 255 (upstream of US64)
Stream is at least intermittent
if ?19 or perennial if Z?30 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 13 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)a Contmous bed and bank 2
2) Sinuosity 2
3) In-channel nffle-pool sequence 2
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 3
5) Active/relic floodplam 0
6) Despositional bars or benches t
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 0
9)a Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (1.5)
11) Grade controls 15
12) Natural valley and dramageway 15
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(0)= 0 Yes(3)=
USGS or NRCS map or other documented evidence
° Man-made ditches are not rated see discussions to manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 5 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge 1
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 1
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (1.5) Weak (1) Moderate (0 5) Strong (0)
16) Leaflitter Os
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
17) Sediment on plants o
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 1
19) Hydnc soils (redoximorphic features) present? No(0)= Yes(1 5)= 1 5
C Biology Subtotal= 7.5 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(1) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 3
21)b Rooted plants in channel 3
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
22) Crayfish 0
Absent(0) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 0
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 05
27) Filamentous algae, penphyton t
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0
FAC(0 5) FACW(0 75) OBL(1 5) SAV(2 0) Other(0)
29)b Wetland plants in streambed 0
b Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants
TOTAL POINTS = 1255
(If Greater Than Or Equal To 19 Points The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this form for additional notes)
Diptera (Crane fly), amphipod
North Carolina Division of Water Quality-Stream Identification Form: Version 3.1
Date 11/9/2007 Protect R-2409 C Latitude
Evaluator SG, KM Site Stream/Tributary 7 Longitude
Total Points 28 (downstream of US64)
Stream is at least intermittent
if ?l9 or perennial if ?-30 County Transylvania Other
e g Quad Name
Signature
A. Geomorphology Subtotal= 14 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
1)' Continous bed and bank 3
2) Sinuosity 2
3) In-channel riffle-pool sequence 2
4) Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 3
5) Activehelic floodplam 0
6) Desposittonal bars or benches 1
7) Braided channels 0
8) Recent alluvial deposits 0
9)a Natural levees 0
10) Headcuts 0
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
11) Grade controls 15
12) Natural valley and drainageway 15
13) Second or greater order channel on existing No(0)= 0 Yes(3)=
USGS or NRCS map or other documented evidence
a Man-made ditches are not rated see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology Subtotal= 6 Absent (0) Weak (1) Moderate (2) Strong (3)
14) Groundwater flow/discharge 2
15) Water in channel and >48 hours since rain, or 1
Water in channel--dry or growing season
Absent (15) Weak (1) Moderate (0 5) Strong (0)
16) Leaflitter OS
Absent (0) Weak (0 5) Moderate (1) Strong (15)
17) Sediment on plants 0
18) Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 1
19) Hydnc soils (redoximorphic features) present9 No(0)= Yes(i 5)= 15
C. Biology Subtotal= 8 Absent(3) Weak(2) Moderate(1) Strong(0)
20)bFibrous roots in channel 3
21)b Rooted plants in channel 3
Absent(0) Weak(5) Moderate(s) Strong(1 5)
22) Crayfish 0
Absent(0) Weak(1) Moderate(2) Strong(3)
23) Bivalves 0
Absent(0) Weak( 5) Moderate(1) Strong(1 5)
24) Fish 0
25) Amphibians 0
26) Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 1
27) Filamentous algae, penphyton 1
28) Iron oxidizing bactena/fungus 0
FAC(0 5) FACW(0.75) OBL(1 5) SAV(2.0) Other(0)
29)b Wetland plants in streambed 0
b Items 10 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants
TOTAL POINTS= 28
(If Greater Than Or Equal To 19 Pomts The Stream Is At Least Intermittent)
Notes (use the back of this form for additional notes)
Diptera (Crane fly), Ephemeroptera sp, Plecoptera sp