20080392 Ver 1_Meeting Minutes_20031113

t
M U L K E Y WETLANDS / 401 GRpDp
ENDINEER9 S~ CONSLJ LTANTS
P^ Box 331 27
RALEIGH, NC 27636 NOV ji 3 2003
PHONE: [phone]
FAx: 9 1 9-B 5 1- 1 9 1 8 WATER QC1ALjTy SECTI01~
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To: David Timpy, USCOE
John Hennessey, DWQ
Cathy Brittingham, CAMA
Ron Lucas, FHWA
Date: November 13, 2003
'* HAND DELIVER **
Re: B-4031 Replace Bridge No. 72 over
Jinnys Branch on NC 179
Brunswick County
Job No.: 2002178.02
I am sending you the following item(s):
COPIES DATE NO. DESCRIPTION
1 Handout for meeting on at 1:00 p.m. Wednesday
November 19, 2003, in the NCDOT-Room 456, Stacy
Baldwin's office

These are transmitted as checked below:
^ As requested
^ For approval
^ For review and comment
® For your use
^ For Signatures
Remarks:
Copy to: Stacy Baldwin, PE
Elmo Vance
Signed:
Pamela R. Williams
Project Manager

Replacement of Bridge No. 72 over Jinn s Branch on NC 179 ~~~~,-., ~~} r
Brunswick County
N~ ~ 1 `~ z0D3
Federal Aid Project No. BRSTP-0179-(2)
State Project No. 8.1231701
TIP Project No. B-4031
US DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
And
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
November 19, 2003
1:00 p.m. in NCDOT Board Room

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 PROJECT NEED
1.3 SUMMARY OF PURPOSE
1.4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
1.5 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
1.6 EXISTING CONDITIONS
1.7 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.8 ALTERNATIVES ELIMINATED
1.9 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
1.10 NATURAL SYSTEMS SUMMARY
1.11 AGENCY COMMENTS
1.12 PROJECT COMMITMENTS
FIGURES
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 2A
FIGURE 2B
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 5
VICINITY MAP
ALTERNATIVE A
ALTERNATIVE C
BRIDGE NO. 72 PICTURES
PROPOSED TYPICALS
100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
TABLES
TABLE 1.9.1 PRELIMINARY BUILD ALTERNATNES ANALYSIS
TABLE 1.9.2 ESTIMATED COST
TABLE 1.10.1 JURISDICTIONAL WETLANDS AND SURFACE WATERS IMPACTS
TABLE 1.10.2 FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES
TABLE 1.10.3 FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN AND STATE STATUS
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1.1 INTRODUCTION
The replacement of Bridge No. 72 is included in the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) 2004-2010 Transportation Improvement Program (T.I.P.) and in the
Federal-Aid Bridge Replacement Program. A planning, environmental and engineering study is
being conducted for the proposed action in accordance with the requirements set forth in the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, as amended. An environmental document
will be prepared that discloses relevant information concerning the potential environmental
impacts associated with the proposed action.
1.2 PROJECT NEED
The NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicate that Bridge No. 72 has a sufficiency rating
of 7.0 out of a possible 100 for a new structure and is considered structurally deficient and
functionally obsolete. The replacement of this inadequate structure will result in safer and more
efficient traffic operations. Investigation of the existing structure by the Bridge Maintenance
Unit indicates the rehabilitation of the old bridge is not feasible due to its age and deteriorated
condition.
To do nothing will eventually necessitate removal of Bridge No. 72. This is not desirable due to
the traffic service provided by NC 179. In the event that the existing bridge is closed, local
traffic desiring to cross over Jinnys Branch would have to be routed along SR 1154 (Swamp
Road) and SR 1155 (Goose Creek Road). Closure of NC 179 will impact one of the most heavily
traveled bike routes in the State, NC-3 Ports of Call, which extends from South Carolina to
Virginia.
1.3 SUMMARY OF PURPOSE
The replacement of this inadequate structure will result in a safer and more efficient multi-use
travel facility. Replacement with a new wider and longer structure will minimize impacts to
the wetlands, provide wetland restoration, improve nursery habitat, provide a larger corridor for
wildlife passage along the stream, and continue to provide community connectivity.
1.4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The project area is located in the southern coastal region of North Carolina between the Town
of Shallotte and Ocean Isle Beach (Figure 1). The area is expected to experience moderate
growth in the future. The average annual growth rate for traffic in this area between 1983 and
1990 was 7%. This area consists of a tidal salt marsh, pine/hardwood forest, residential
development, and a golf course. Brick Landing Golf Course is located in the southwest
quadrant of the bridge.
1.5 TRAFFIC ANALYSES
The 2003 estimated average daily traffic (ADT) volume is 7,600 vehicles per day (vpd) with a
level of service (LOS) of D. The projected ADT is 16,000 vpd by the design year 2025. The
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percentages of truck traffic is 3% dual tired vehicles (DUALS) and 1% truck-tractor semi trailer
(TTST). There are presently no future plans to widen NC 179 in the project area. TIP Project
No. R-3432 (Figure 1), a new location project is proposed to be located approximately 1.4 miles
north of Bridge No. 72. R-3432 is in the planning phase of the project development process
and will extend SR 1163 (Georgetown Road Extension) from SR 1184 (Ocean Isle Road) to NC
172 with two lanes on new location.
1.6 EXISTING CONDITIONS
NC 179 is classified as a rural major collector by the statewide functional classification system
and is designated as one of Brunswick County Hurricane Evacuation Routes.
The normal water depth of Jinnys Branch is approximately 2.9 feet. Bridge No. 72 provides a
clearance of approximately 8 feet. Jinnys Branch in the project area is designated as primary
nursery coastal waters, primary trust waters and high quality waters upstream of the structure.
Bridge No. 72 was built in 1967 (Figure 3). The tangent 121-foot four-span bridge has an out
to out width of 31-feet and a clear roadway width of 29.6-feet. The bridge is located in a sag
vertical curve. The bridge superstructure is comprised of twelve prestressed concrete channels.
The end bents and interior bents consist of prestressed concrete caps on timber piles. Bridge
No. 72 is posted at 20 tons for single vehicle (SV) and 23 tons for TTST.
The approach roadway consists of two 12-foot lanes with 6-foot shoulders including 2-foot
paved. The south approach has a 1400-foot radius curve that abuts to the end of the bridge.
The north approach has a 1400-foot radius curve approximately 300-feet north of the bridge.
The posted speed limit is 55 miles per hour (mph).
There is an overhead power line and buried fiber optic cable located on the east side. A power
substation is located approximately 600-feet north of the bridge on the east side.
There are approximately 4 school bus crossings on Bridge No. 72 twice a day.
There was one accident reported in the project area during the period from January 1998 to
December 2000 with no fatalities.
This section of NC 179 in Brunswick County is part of a North Carolina Bicycling Highway, NC-3
Ports of Call.
1.7 PROTECT DESCRIPTION
The existing 121-foot structure will be replaced with a 300-foot structure. This additional
length will minimize wetland impacts, restore wetlands, allow wildlife passage along the stream
banks and marshlands and reduce habitat fragmentation. The proposed structure will provide
for two 12-foot travel lanes with 6-foot shoulders (Figure 4). Bicycle safe rails will be provided
(54-inches in height) to accommodate bicycles. The bridge grade is anticipated to be raised to
maintain a minimum 0.5% grade to facilitate bridge deck drainage. The proposed bridge deck
drains will not be allowed to discharge directly into surface waters. The shoulders on the bridge
were widened an additional 2-feet to accommodate for drainage across the bridge.
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The recommended core slab structure is based on a preliminary hydraulic analysis. The length
of the new structure may be increased or decreased as necessary to accommodate peak flows
and permits as determined by detailed hydrologic and geotechnical studies during the final
design phase.
The approach roadway will consists of two 12-foot lanes with 8-foot shoulders including 4-foot
paved (Figure 4). The design speed will be 60 mph.
The two build alternatives studied for replacing the existing bridge will maintain traffic with an
off-site detour during construction. Traffic will be routed along SR 1154 (Swamp Road) and SR
1155 (Goose Creek Road) during construction, approximately 2.1 miles in length. Road closure
of NC 179 in the project area to construction the core slab bridge is anticipated to take
approximately 6 to 9 months with a road user cost of $1,100,000. The alternatives are
described below.
Alternate A replaces the bridge at the existing location and the low point on the
vertical grade will be located south of the proposed bridge.
Alternate C replaces the bridge at the existing location and the low point on the
vertical grade will be located south of the proposed bridge.
1.8 ALTERNATNES ELIMINATED
Alternate B replaces the bridge at the existing location. During construction, traffic will be
maintained by an onsite detour located east of the Bridge No. 72. The temporary structure will
be approximately 360-feet in length.
The detour bridge will consist of two 12-foot lanes with 2-foot shoulders. The approach
roadway will provide two 12-foot lanes with 8-foot shoulders including 2-foot paved. After
traffic is routed on the new bridge, the temporary detour structure and approaches will be
removed.
Alternative B was eliminated because of the additional environmental impacts associated with
the temporary detour bridge, the longer construction time than, and was less economical than
Alternatives A and C.
Investigation of the existing structure by the Bridge Maintenance Unit indicates the
rehabilitation of the old bridge is not feasible due to its age and deteriorated condition.
To do-nothing will eventually necessitate removal of Bridge No. 72. This is not desirable due
to the traffic service provided by NC 179. In the event that the existing bridge is closed, local
traffic desiring would be routed along SR 1154 (Swamp Road) and SR 1155 (Goose Creek
Road). Closure of NC 179 will impact one of the most heavily traveled bike routes in the State,
NC-3 Ports of Call, which extends from South Carolina to Virginia.
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1.9 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
The two preliminary build alternatives are evaluated based upon the following criteria:
• Satisfies the purpose of and need for the project and is consistent with local land use
and transportation planning; and
• Minimizes community, socioeconomic, and/or environmental impacts.
The results of the detailed study will be set forth in a Categorical Exclusion (CE). All of the
Preliminary Build Alternatives under consideration involve social, economic, and/or
environmental impacts. Social impacts include community continuity and disruption of services.
Economic impacts include monetary commitments for right-of-way, utilities, and construction.
Environmental impacts include habitat conversion, wetland impacts, stream crossings, and flood
plain encroachment.
T~MIe ~ D 1 Drclimin~rv Ri iilr'I AltPrnativPS QI'1aIVSIS
T.I.P. No. B-4031 Alternatives Alternative A Alternative C
Length of project (feet) 1172 1300
Length of Bridge over Branch (feet) 36 36
Length of Bridge over Wetlands (feet) 195 195
Total Length of Bridge (feet) 300 300
Clear Roadway Width of Bridge (feet) 36 36
Vertical Clearance over Main Channel
with Core Slab feet 12 12
Relocations: 0 0
Wetlands: acres
Wetlands impacted 0.02 0.06
Restoration of Wetlands 0.33 0.33
Net (credits) 0.31 0.27

Tahlp 1 _Q_7 FctimatPrl Cnst
Alternative A Alternative C
Structure Removal Existin 32 700 32 700
Structure Pro osed 630 000 630 000
Roadwa A roaches 127 300 127 300
Miscellaneous and Mobilization 157 000 157 000
En ineerin Contin encies 153 000 153 000
TOTAL $1,100,000 $1,100,000
The estimated cost of the project as shown in the 2004-2010 Transportation Improvement
Program is $860,000 including $75,000 for right-of-way, $625,000 for construction and
$160,000 in prior years.
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1.10 NATURAL SYSTEMS SUMMARY
Water Resources
Stream Characteristics
Jinnys Branch originates north of the Town of Ocean Isle in Brunswick County and flows east to
its confluence with Sauce Pan Creek, approximately 1 mile southeast of the project study area.
Jinnys Branch is a perennial tidal stream with moderate flow over substrate consisting of mud,
sand and silt. A tidal salt marsh is adjacent to both banks of the stream through the project
study area. The channel ranges from approximately 20.0 to 40.0 feet wide and depths are
estimated to range from 2.0 to 6.0 feet.
Jinnys Branch has been assigned two best usage classifications in the project study area.
Jinnys Branch has been assigned a best usage classification of C Sw HQW (DEM 1993, DWQ
2001) from a point 0.5 mile (0.8 km) upstream of SR 1154 to NC 179. The C designation
indicates waters designated for aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary
recreation, and agriculture. The Sw supplemental classification indicates swamp waters, which
have low velocities and other natural characteristics, which are different from adjacent streams.
The HWQ supplemental designation indicates waters that are rated as excellent based on
biological and physical/chemical characteristics through division monitoring or special studies.
Jinnys Branch is classified as HQW from a point 0.5 mile (0.8 km) upstream of SR 1154
(Swamp Road) to NC 179.
Jinnys Branch has been assigned a Best Usage Classification of SA from NC 179 to its
confluence with Saucepan Creek. The SA designation indicates tidal salt waters suitable for
shellfishing for market purposes as well as primary recreation, aquatic life propagation and
survival, fishing, and wildlife.
No Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), WS I, or WS-II Waters occur within 3.0 miles (4.8
km) upstream or downstream of the project study area.
Water Quality Information
No sampling stations are located on Jinnys Branch based on the most recent Basinwide
Assessment Report (DWQ 1999).
Essential Fish Habitat Assessment (EFH)
Any significant stream or river in a county under the jurisdiction of the Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA) may be considered EFH unless otherwise documented by the NMFS.
An assessment of potential impacts the project may have on EFH and anadromous fish species
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was prepared due to the project's location within the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
jurisdiction.
The assessment concluded that replacing the existing bridge with a longer span will minimize
wetland impacts and provide for restoration of approximately 0.252 acres of wetlands.
Restoration would improve nursery habitat for aquatic species and provide a larger corridor for
wildlife passage along the stream. No net change in EFH is anticipated due to construction of
the new bridge. It is expected that any EFH impacts related to bridge construction will be
minimal and temporary. The project will not create any obstructions to anadromous fish
passage in Jinnys Branch.
Impacts to Water Resources
In-stream construction activities will be scheduled to avoid and minimize impacts to aquatic
resources/organisms. The NC Wildlife Resources has requested that since there is potential for
anadromous fish species to occur in the project area, that ~~Stream Crossing Guidelines for
Anadromous Fish Passage" be adhered to, and a construction moratorium on work within
jurisdictional waters will be implemented from February 15 to )une 15.
Impacts Related to Bridge Demolition and Removal
Work done in the water for this project will fall under Case 2, which states that no work shall be
performed in the water during moratorium periods associated with fish migration, spawning,
and larval recruitment into nursery areas. This conclusion is based upon the classification of
the waters within the project area and vicinity, and agency comments received from the
National Marine Fisheries Service, North Carolina Division of Coastal Management, and North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
BIOTIC RESOURCES
Terrestrial
Existing Vegetation Patterns
Three natural plant communities occur within the project study area and one community results
from human activities.
Tidal Salt Marsh -Tidal salt marsh is located on the east and west sides of the bridge
adjacent to both sides of Jinnys Branch.
Coastal Fringe Evergreen Forest -Coastal fringe evergreen forest is located on the
east side of NC 179 upslope from the salt marsh and is often found associated with the
Pactolus series.
Pine/Hardwood Forest -Pine/hardwood forest is located on east side of NC 179
south of the salt marsh and coastal fringe evergreen forest.
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Summary of Anticipated Impacts
Terrestrial Communities
The replacement of Bridge No. 72 is expected to involve minor impacts to the terrestrial
communities located within the project study area. Due to the limited infringement on natural
communities, the proposed bridge replacement will not result in substantial loss or displacement
of known terrestrial animal populations. Wildlife movement corridors will not be substantially
impacted by the proposed project. Wildlife known to utilize the project study area are generally
acclimated to fragmented landscapes, and the bridge replacement will not create any additional
detrimental conditions within the project study area.
Aquatic Communities
The replacement of Bridge 72 may cause temporary impacts to the aquatic communities in and
around the project study area. Potential impacts to down-stream aquatic habitat will be
avoided by bridging Jinnys Branch to maintain regular flow and stream integrity. Support
structures will be designed to avoid wetland or open water habitats whenever possible. In
addition, temporary impacts to downstream habitat from increased sediment during
construction are expected to be reduced by limiting in-stream work to an absolute minimum.
Waterborne sediment flowing downstream can be minimized by use of a floating silt curtain.
Stockpiled material will be kept a minimum of 50 feet (15 m) from the stream channel. Silt
fences will also be erected around any stockpiled material to minimize the chance of erosion or
run-off from affecting the stream channel.
Resident aquatic species may be displaced during construction activities; however, anticipated
impacts are expected to be minor and temporary.
JURISDICTIONAL TOPICS
Waters of the United States
Three wetland types occur within the project study area.
^ The surface waters within the channel of Jinnys Branch and the tidal salt marsh adjacent to
Jinnys Branch exhibit characteristics of estuarine, intertidal, persistent emergent, regularly
flooded wetlands (E2EM1N) pursuant to Cowardin eta/. (1979).
^ The wetland areas adjacent to the road fill exhibit characteristics of estuarine, intertidal,
scrub/shrub, broad-leaved evergreen, regularly flooded wetlands (E2SS1N) pursuant to
Cowardin et al. (1979).
^ The wetland area south of Jinnys Branch exhibits characteristics of a palustrine, forested,
broad-leaved deciduous, saturated wetland (PF016) pursuant to Cowardin eta/. (1979).
Table 1 10 1 Jurisdictional Wetlands and Surface Waters Impacts
Wetland Approximate Acreage Linear Feet of Channel
Total 0.02 to 0.06 ac 36 ft
Note: Wetland area is based upon aerial photography base mapping provided by NCDOT.
Actual impacts will be determined in the design phase of the project development.
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Permit Issues
This project may be processed as a Categorical Exclusion (CE) under Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) guidelines.
^ Nationwide Permit (NWP) #23 [33 CFR 330.5(a)(23)] has been issued by the COE for CEs
due to expected minimal impact. DWQ has issued a General 401 Water Quality Certification
for NWP #23. However, use of this permit will require written notice to DWQ.
^ NWP #33 may be required if temporary structures, work and discharges, including
cofferdams are necessary for this project and if review of the temporary structures is not
included in the NEPA document.
^ CAMA approval through the NCDCM (NCDCM 2001). Portions of the project study area
qualifies as an AEC because of the following four criteria defining CAMA'a AECs: 1) public
trust waters; 2) coastal shorelines; and 3) coastal wetlands. Most of the project study area
along Jinnys Branch meets these three criteria, and replacement of Bridge No. 72 will
require CAMA approval.
^ The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is also responsible for authorizing bridges pursuant
to Section 9 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 and the General Bridge Act of 1946.
^ State Stormwater Permit will be required.
Impacts to open water areas of Jinnys Branch are expected due to be mimimum due to the top
down construction that can be used with a core slab bridge and 50' spans. During bridge
removal procedures, NCDOT's BMP's will be utilized, including erosion control measures.
Floating turbidity curtains will be use as practicable to minimize the amount of turbid water
flowing off-site.
Wetland Avoidance -Due to the extent of wetlands and surface waters within the project
study area, complete avoidance of jurisdictional impacts may not be possible.
Minimization -Minimization of jurisdictional impacts will be achieved by utilizing as much of
the existing bridge corridor as possible. This will result in a minimal amount of new impact
depending on the final design of the new bridge.
Mitigation -Utilization of BMPs will be used in an effort to minimize impacts, including
avoiding placing staging areas within wetlands. Temporary impacts associated with the
construction activities will be mitigated by replanting disturbed areas with native species and
removal of any temporary fill material within the floodplain upon project completion.
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The proposed bridge will be lengthened approximately 170-feet; some of the existing causeway
and approach to the existing bridge will be removed and will provide on-site wetland restoration
and enhancements.
Protected Species
Species with the federal classification of Endangered (E) or Threatened (T), or officially
proposed (P) for such listing, are protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Federally protected species listed for Brunswick County
(FWS list dated February 5, 2003) are presented in Table 1.9.2.
Table 1.10.2 Federally Protected Species
Common Name
Shortnose sturgeon
American alligator
Loggerhead sea turtle
Green sea turtle
Leatherback sea turtle
Piping plover
Bald eagle
Wood stork
Red-cockaded woodpecker
Manatee
Seabeach amaranth
Rough-leaved loosestrife
Cooley's meadowrue
Eastern cougar
Kemp's ridley sea turtle
Status
E
T(S/A)1
T
T
E
T
TZ
E
E
E
T
E
E
E
E
Biological
Conclusion
No effect
NA
No effect
No effect
No effect
No effect
May affect
May affect
No effect
No effect
No effect
No effect
No effect
No effect
No effect
Scientific Name
Acipenser brevirostrum
Alligator Mississippiensis
Caretta caretta
Che%nia mydas
Dermochelys coriacea
Charadrius me%dus
Haliaeetus leucocepha/us
Mycteria Americana
Picoides borealis
Trichechus manatus
Amaranthus pumilus
Lysimachia asperulaefolia
Thalictrum coo%yi
Puma conco%r couguar
Lepidochelys kempii
Notes:
1 T(S/A) =Threatened due to similar appearance
z Proposed for delisting
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shortnose sturgeon -The shortnose stugeon is an anadromous fish whose usual habitat is
estuaries and lower sections of larger rivers. It moves into fresh water only to spawn (Gilbert
1989). The shortnose sturgeon rarely reaches 3 feet (0.9 m) in length, is dark above and light
below, and has a wide mouth pointed downward beneath a short snout. Menhinick (1991) has
not documented the shortnose sturgeon in the Lumber River Basin. Requests for information
have been submitted to the NCWRC, NCDMF, and FWS.
No Designated Critical Habitat or Proposed Critical Habitat for shortnose sturgeon is currently
listed by the NMFS (NMFS 2001).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
The NC Division of Marine Fisheries stated that Jinnys Branch in the project area is not
suitable habitat for anadromous fish, including the shortnose sturgeon. However, a
follow-up inquiry to the National Marine Fisheries will be conducted a year or two prior
to project let date.
American alligator -American alligator is listed as threatened based on the similarity in
appearance to other federally listed crocodilians; however, there are no other crocodilians
native to North Carolina. American alligators can be found in a wide variety of freshwater to
estuarine habitats including swamp forests, bottomland hardwood forests, marshes, large
streams, canals, ponds and lakes (Palmer and Braswell 1995). This habitat exists within the
project study area, and the potential for alligators within the project study area does exist. No
individuals or direct evidence of occurrence was observed during the field investigation
conducted by ESI biologists. Construction activities may temporarily displace any American
alligators in the vicinity; however, no long-term impact to the American alligator is anticipated
as a result of this project.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Not Applicable
No biological conclusion is required for the American alligator since it is listed as T(S/A).
Sea turtles -Four marine turtles are listed for Brunswick County: loggerhead sea turtle,
Kemp's ridley sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle, and green sea turtle.
The loggerhead sea turtle is the most common sea turtle on the coast of the North Carolina and
is most numerous from late April to October. This species averages 31 to 47 inches (0.8 to 1.2
m) in length and weighs from 170 to 500 pounds (Ibs) (77 to 227 kg) (Martof et a/. 1980). The
loggerhead sea turtle is temperate or subtropical in nature, and is primarily oceanic, but it may
also stray into freshwater bays, sounds, and large rivers. Nesting habitat for loggerhead sea
turtles consists of ocean beaches.
The Kemp's ridley sea turtle is the smallest of the sea turtles with a 23- to 30-inch (0.6 to 0.8
m) carapace, and weighing 79 to 110 lbs. (36 to 50 kg). It is generally considered the most
endangered species of sea turtle in the world (Palmer and Braswell 1995). This species ranges
from the Gulf of Mexico and the east coast, to Nova Scotia and Europe. In addition to its small
size, this species is discernible by the heart shaped carapace and gray coloration. Kemp's ridley
sea turtle prefers shallow coastal waters, including sounds and the lower portions of large
rivers, where it feeds on crabs, shrimp, snails, clams, and some saltwater plants. Nearly all
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members of this species are believed to nest on a short strand of ocean beach in the state of
Tamaulipas, Mexico. Only a single nesting record exists for North Carolina, on Long Beach in
Brunswick County (1992).
Both the green sea turtle and leatherback sea turtle typically nest on sandy beaches in tropical
areas. The green sea turtle is most commonly found in the Caribbean where they breed,
although individuals, usually immatures, are occasionally found along the North Carolina coast.
Although primarily tropical in nature, the range of the leatherback sea turtle may extend to
Nova Scotia and Newfoundland (Martof et a/. 1980). The leatherback sea turtle sometimes
moves into shallow bays, estuaries, and even river mouths. The green sea turtle reaches
lengths of 30 to 60 inches (0.8 to 1.5 m) and weighs of 220 to 650 lbs. (100 to 295 kg), and
has a smooth, heart-shaped shell (Martof et a/. 1980). The leatherback sea turtle is
distinguished by its larger size (46 to 70-inch [1.2 to 1.8 m] carapace, 650 to 1,500 lbs. [295 to
680 kg]) and a ridged shell of soft, leathery skin. Green sea turtles are omnivorous, primarily
eating jellyfish and seaweeds. The leatherback sea turtle also feeds extensively on jellyfish,
although its diet often includes other sea animals and seaweed.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
These species are not expected to occur in the project study area due to lack of nesting
habitat and minimal feeding opportunities. This project will not have an effect on sea
turtles due to the lack of suitable nesting and foraging habitat for these species.
Loggerhead and green sea turtles have been documented as close as Ocean Isle Beach,
which is approximately 2.0 miles (3.2 km) from the project study area. NHP records do
not document any occurrences of this species within 1.0 mile (1.6 km) of the project
study area as of December 20, 2001. Project construction will not have an effect on any
of the sea turtle species.
Piping plover -Piping plovers are small shorebirds that occur along beaches above the high
tide line, sand flats at the ends of sand spits and barrier islands, gently sloping foredunes,
blowout areas behind primary dunes, and washover areas cut into or between dunes (FV1IS
1996a). Nests are typically found on open, wide sandy stretches of beach similar to those
associated with inlets and capes. Critical habitat has been proposed for the piping plover in
Brunswick County pursuant to the July 6, 2000 Federa/Register 65: 41782-41812. This critical
habitat designation will not affect the project study area since primary habitat is along beaches.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
There is no suitable habitat in the project study area for this species. The proposed
project will not affect proposed critical habitat for this species. The piping plover has
been documented by NHP along Ocean Isle Beach, which is approximately 2.0 miles (3.2
km) from the project study area. NHP records do not document any occurrences of this
species within 1.0 mile (1.6 km) of the project study area as of December 20, 2001.
Eastern cougar -The eastern cougar is a possibly extinct eastern subspecies of the
widespread mountain lion species. This species was possibly extirpated from North Carolina by
the late 1800's although recent sporadic sightings have been reported from remote areas of the
Mountains and Coastal Plain (Lee 1987). Mountain lions are large, long-tailed cats; adult males
may measure 7.0 to 9.0 feet (2.1 to 2.7 m) total length with females averaging 30 to 40
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percent smaller (Handley 1991). Adult mountain lion tracks measure approximately 3.5 inches
(0.1 m) (Lee 1987).
Recent specimens of mountain lion taken in North Carolina and elsewhere in mid-Atlantic states
have proved to be individuals of other subspecies that have escaped or been released from
captivity (Lee 1987, Handley 1991). The eastern cougar would require large tracts of relatively
undisturbed habitat that support large populations of white-tailed deer (Webster eta/. 1985).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
No tangible evidence has been produced documenting the existence of this subspecies
in Brunswick County. Due to the lack of wilderness area within the project study area,
no suitable habitat for this subspecies is believed to be present. No cat tracks of
sufficient size for eastern cougar were identified during field investigations. NHP records
do not document any occurrences of this species within 3.0 miles (4.8 km) of the project
study area as of December 20, 2001. The proposed project will not afFect this species.
Bald eagle -The bald eagle is a large raptor with a wingspan greater than 6 feet (1.8 m).
Adult bald eagles are dark brown with white head and tail. Immature eagles are brown with
whitish mottling on their tail, belly, and wing linings. Bald eagles typically feed on fish but may
also take birds and small mammals. In the Carolinas, nesting season extends from December
through May (Potter et al. 1980).
Bald eagles typically nest in tall, living trees in a conspicuous location near water and forage
over large bodies of water with adjacent trees available for perching (Hamel 1992). Preventing
disturbance activities within a primary zone extending 750 to 1500 feet (229 to 457 m) outward
from a nest tree is considered critical for maintaining acceptable conditions for eagles (FV11S
1987). FWS recommends avoiding any disturbance activities, including construction and tree-
cutting, within this primary zone. Within a secondary zone extending from the primary zone
boundary out to a distance of 1 mile (1.6 km) from a nest tree, construction and land-clearing
activities will be restricted to the non-nesting period. FWS also recommends avoiding alteration
of natural shorelines where bald eagles forage, and avoiding substantial land-clearing activities
within 1500 feet (457 m) of roosting sites.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: May Affect- Not Likely to Adversely Affect
Nesting habitat for bald eagles does not exist within the project study area; however,
Jinnys Branch may provide potential foraging habitat for this species. No nest trees
were located within the project study area, nor were any bald eagles directly observed.
NHP records do not document any occurrences of this species within 1.0 mile (1.6 km)
of the project study area as of December 20, 2001. The project area will be surveyed
for this species prior to construction.
Wood stork -Wood storks do not breed in North Carolina, but a few disperse to southeastern
North Carolina following breeding season. During recent years, a small flock has been regularly
present in Brunswick County in mid- to late-summer (NHP files). The tidal salt marsh within the
project study area provides suitable foraging habitat for this species (Hamel 1992). Suitable
foraging opportunities may be temporarily disrupted during construction.
13
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BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: May Affect- Not Likely to Adversely Affect
The golf course and salt marsh adjacent to Jinnys Branch may provide suitable foraging
habitat for the wood stork. No individuals or direct evidence of occurrence was
observed during the field investigation. Construction activities may temporarily displace
any wood storks in the project vicinity; however, no long-term impact to the wood stork
is anticipated as a result of this project. NHP records do not document any occurrences
of this species within 1.0 mile (1.6 km) of the project study area as of December 20,
2001. The project area will be surveyed for this species prior to construction.
Red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) -This small woodpecker is 7.0 to 8.5 inches (0.2 m)
long, has a black head, prominent white cheek patch, and black and white barred back. Males
often have red markings (cockades) behind the eye, but the cockades may be absent or difficult
to see (Potter et al. 1980). Primary habitat consists of mature to over-mature southern pine
forests dominated by loblolly, longleaf (Pious pa/ustris), slash (P. e//iotii), and pond (P. serotina)
pines. Nest cavities are constructed in the heartwood of living pines, generally older than 60
years that have been infected with red-heart disease. Nest cavity trees typically occur in
clusters, which are referred to as colonies. The woodpecker drills holes into the bark around
the cavity entrance, which results in a shiny, resinous buildup around the entrance. This allows
for easy detection of active nest trees due to the high visibility of the resin deposit at the cavity
entrance. Pine flatwoods or pine savannas that are fire maintained serve as ideal nesting and
foraging sites for this species. Development of a thick understory within a given area usually
deters nesting and foraging. Potential nest sites for RCW's include pine and pine/hardwood
stands greater than 60 years of age. Hardwood/pine stands (<50% pine) greater than 60
years of age may also be considered potential nesting habitat if adjacent to potential foraging
habitat (Henry 1989). Foraging habitat is typically comprised of open pine/mixed hardwood
stands over 30 years of age (Henry 1989). Pines must comprise at least 60 percent of the
canopy in order to provide suitable foraging for RCW's. Somewhat younger pine stands may be
utilized if the trees have an average diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than or equal to 9
inches (0.2 m). Foraging stands must be connected to other foraging areas or nesting areas in
order to be deemed a viable foraging site. Open spaces or unsuitable habitat wider than
approximately 330 feet (100 m) are considered a barrier to RCW foraging.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
No suitable habitat that would support nesting or foraging populations of the red-
cockaded woodpecker was identified within the project study area nor directly adjacent
to the project study area. NHP records do not document any occurrences of this species
within 1.0 mile (1.6 km) of the project study area as of December 20, 2001. Project
construction should not effect this species.
Manatee -The manatee is a large gray or brown aquatic mammal. Adults average about 10
feet (3 m) in length and weight up to 1000 lbs. (454 kg). Manatees inhabit both salt and fresh
water of a sufficient depth (5.0 to 20.0 feet [1.5 to 6.1 m]). They may be encountered in
canals, rivers, estuarine habitats, saltwater bays, and in nearshore waters. Manatees prefer
water temperatures warmer than approximately 34~ Fahrenheit, however, they have been
observed in waters of a lower temperature (Webster eta/. 1985). They may be encountered in
14
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North Carolina waters during the warmer summer months; however, they are much more
common in Georgia and Florida waters.
BIOLOGICIAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
It may be possible that the manatee could occur in the project area. The species has
been known to occur in waters as shallow as 3 feet (1 meter). Ideal habitat does not
appear to be present; however, in order to protect the manatee in the event that it may
on occasion utilize the project area, the USFWS requests that standard precautions for
general construction in areas which may be used by manatees be incorporated into the
project. NHP records do not document any occurrences of this species within 1.0 mile
(1.6 km) of the project study area as of December 20, 2001. Construction activities will
adhere to the guidelines outlined in Precautions For Construction In Areas Which May Be
Used By The West Indian Manatee In North Carolina (1996 USFWS).
Seabeach amaranth -This species is an annual herb that grows on barrier island beaches. It
is a succulent annual that is sprawling or trailing and may reach 2.0 feet (0.6 m) or more in
length. Inconspicuous flowers and fruits are produced in the leaf axils, typically beginning in
July and continuing until frost. Primary habitat for Seabeach amaranth consists of bare sand,
especially on over wash flats at accreting ends of islands, and lower foredunes and upper
strands of non-eroding beaches. The only remaining large populations are in coastal North
Carolina (FWS 1996b).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
This project will not affect Seabeach amaranth because there is no suitable habitat
(barrier beaches) within the project study area. NHP records do not document any
occurrences of this species within 1.0 mile (1.6 km) of the project study area as of
December 20, 2001.
Rough-leaved loosestrife -The rough-leaved loosestrife is a rhizomatous perennial that
flowers from late May to June with seeds forming by August and capsules dehiscing in October.
This species can grow up to 2.0 feet (0.6 m) tall has yellow flowers that typically bloom in late
May through June. Rough-leaved loosestrife typically occurs along the ecotone between long-
leaf pine savannas and wetter, shrubby areas where lack of canopy vegetation allows abundant
sunlight into the herb layer (i.e., pocosins). This species is endemic to the Coastal Plain and
Sandhills region of North Carolina. This species is fire maintained, and suppression of naturally
occurring fires has contributed to the loss of habitat in North Carolina (FWS 1994a).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
No habitat that would support rough-leaved loosestrife occurs in the project study area.
NHP records do not document any occurrences of this species within 1.0 mile (1.6 km)
of the project study area as of December 20, 2001.
Cooley's meadowrue - Cooley's meadowrue is a rare perennial herb endemic to the
Southeastern Coastal Plain. The species grows in circumneutral soil in moist wet savannas and
savanna-like areas kept open by fire or other disturbance. In North Carolina, Cooley's
15
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meadowrue has been documented as growing in the following soil series: Foreston, Griffon,
Muckalee, Torhunta, and Woodington. All of these series have sandy loam textures. Tulip
poplar and cypress (Taxodium sp.) growing together, bordering asavanna-like area, has been
the best indicator of Cooley's meadowrue sites (FWS 1994b).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
No habitat that would support Cooley's meadowrue is located within the project study
area. NHP records do not document any occurrences of this species within 1.0 mile (1.6
km) of the project study area as of December 20, 2001.
Federal Species of Concern
The February 5, 2003 FWS list also includes a category of species designated as "Federal
Species of Concern" (FSC). The FSC designation provides no federal protection under the ESA
for the species listed. The presence of potential suitable habitat within the project study area
has been evaluated for FSC listed for Brunswick County (Table 1.9.3). State status for the
species was taken from the NHP web site list last updated January 2003. The project study
area was last observed as of December 20, 2001.
Table 1.10.3 Federal Species of Concern (FSC) and State Status.
Common Scientific State Potent.
Name Name Status Habitat
Bachman's sparrow Aimophila aestivalis SC N
Henslow's sparrow Ammodramus henslowii SR N
Carolina pygmy sunfish E/assoma boeh/kei T N
Southern hognose snake Heterodon simus SC Y
Mimic glass lizard Ophisaurus mimicus SC Y
Eastern painted bunting Passerina ciris ciris SR Y
Northern pine snake Pituophis melano%ucus melano%ucus SC Y
Carolina gopher frog Rana capito capito T N
Buchholz's dart moth Agrotis buchholzi SR N
Arogos skipper Atrytone arogos arogos SR N
Waccamaw spike Elliptio waccamawensis T N
Greenfield ramshorn He/isoma eucosmium E N
Venus flytrap cutworm moth Hemipachnobia subporphyrea
subphrphyrea SR N
Magnificent ramshorn Planorbel/a magnifica E N
Rare skipper Problems bulenta SR N
Cape Fear threetooth Triodopsis soe/neri T N
Savanna indigo-bush Amorpha georgiana var. confusa T N
Honeycomb head Balduina atropurpurea SR-T N
Chapman's sedge Carex chapmanii NL N
Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula SR-L, SC N
Dwarf burhead Echinodorus parvulus SR-T N
Harper's fimbry Fimbristylis perpusilla T N
Pondspice Litsea aestivalis SR-T N
Carolina bogmint Macbridea caro/iniana T N
Loose watermilfoil Myriophyllum laxum T N
Savanna cowbane Oxypolis ternata NL N
Carolina grass-of-parnassus Parnassia caro/iniana E N
16
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Table 1.10.3 continued Federal Species of Concern (FSC) and State Status.
Common Scientific State Potent.
Name Name Status Habitat
Pineland plantain P/antago sparsitlora E N
Awned meadowbeauty Rhexia aristosa T N
Swamp forest beaksedge Rhynchospora decurrens SR-P N
Thorne's beaksedge Rhynchospora thornei E N
Carolina goldenrod So/idago pu/chra E N
Spring-flowered goldenrod So/idago verna SR-L N
Wireleaf dropseed Sporobolus teretifo/ius senses stricto T N
Carolina asphodel Tofie/dia g/abra NL N
Dune bluecurls Trichostema sp.1 SR-L N
Savanna campylopus Campylopus carolinae SR-T N
Rafinesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus (= Plecotus) rafinesquii T ?
Carter's noctuid moth Spartiniphaga camerae SR ?
A quillwort Isoetes microvela SR-L ?
Carolina atamasco lily Zephyranthes sp. 1 SR-L ?
Carolina bishopweed Pti/imnium sp. 1 SR-L ?
Chapman's three-awn Aristida simplicitlora SR-T ?
Coastal goldenrod So/idago vi//osicarpa SR-L N
Coastal beaksedge Rhynchospora p/eiantha SR-T N
Long beach seed box Ludwigia brevipes NL ?
Savanna onion Allium sp. 1 SR-L ?
Tough bumelia Sideroxy/on tenax SR-P ?
NOTES:
E-Endangered, T-Threatened, SC- Special Concern, P -Proposed, SR -Significantly Rare, NL-Not Listed at NCNHP, -T - Throughout, - L -
Llmited.
? Determination has been required from NCDOT-Office of Natural Environment.
1.11 AGENCY COMMENTS
Comments were received from the following Federal, State and local agencies during the
scoping process. These comments have been taken into consideration in the planning of this
project and the preparation of the document.
U.S. Department of Commerce (National Marine Fisheries Service):
Comment: We recommend that an Essential Fish Habitat Assessment be included in any
environmental document for these projects."
Response: An EFH assessment was conducted and forwarded to NMFS on May 19, 2003.
U.S. Department of the Interior (Fish and Wildlife Service)
Comment: "the service agrees with the biological conclusion of "no effect" on the manatee
and requests that the project utilitize the standard precautions for general
construction in areas which may be used by manatees."
Response: A commitment to adhere to the guidelines outlined in Precautions For
Construction In Areas Which May Be Used By The West Indian Manatee In North
Carolina (1996 USFWS).
Comment: "NCDOT should seek to determine whether the project area is used, if even on a
temporary basis, by these species (bald eagles and wood stork)... If wood storks
v
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do feed in the project area during a limited portion of the year, the Service would
recommend that this project be scheduled outside this particular period."
Response: A follow-up survey will be conducted for the shortnose sturgeon, the bald eagle,
and the wood stork 1 to 2 years prior to project construction.
U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers
Comment: "it is recommended that geotechnical evaluations be conducted at each project
site to estimate the magnitude of sediment consolidation that can occur due to
an on-site detour and the amount of undercutting that may be necessary."
Response: A geotechnical evaluation has been requested May 8, 2003.
Comment: "TIP Project No. 4031 connects to a 170 foot long causeway through coastal
wetlands. It is recommended that this causeway be replaced with a bridge and
associated wetland areas be restored."
Response: The proposed bridge will be lengthen from 121 feet to a 300-foot long core slab
bridge and approximately 0.325 acres of wetlands will be restored.
Comment: "the following projects (B-4031) warrant coordination pursuant to the integrated
NEPA/Section 404-Merger agreement."
Response: The project is being reviewed for the Merger O1 Process.
U.S. Coast Guard
Comment: "... Jenny's Branch... are subject to tidal influence and thus considered legally
9navigable for Bridge Administration purposes....The Commandant of the Coast
Guard has given his advance approval to the construction of bridges across such
waterway; therefore, an individual permit will not be required for these projects.
Response: Noted.
N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission
Comment: "moratorium on work within jurisdictional waters from February 15 to June 15.
... NCDOT should employ all measures necessary to avoid impacts to these
resources (high quality coastal wetlands)."
Response: Noted
N.C. Department of Cultural Resources (State Historic Preservation Office)
Comment: "recommend that no archaeological investigation be conducted in connection
with this project."
Response: Noted
Comment: "We recommend that a Department of Transportation architectural historian
identify and evaluate any structures over fifty years of age with in the project
area, and report the findings to us."
Response: Representatives of NCDOT, FHWA and HPO signed a concurrence form and no
properties are eligible for listing on the National Register.
is
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Informational Handout

N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Division of Coastal
Management)
Comment: Restoration and enhancement mitigation potential is as great as the potential to
`adversely affect the Area of Environmental Concern."
Response: Noted.
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Division of Water Quality)
No comment specific to B-4031
Cape Fear Council of Governments
Comment: Accommodations for bridge width to allow pedestrian/bicycle traffic may need to
be considered.
Response: Four foot paved shoulders are provided on the roadway approach and six foot
shoulders are provided on the bridge that will adequately accommodate bicycles.
Comment: Bridge replacement during peak tourist season for the Towns of Sunset Beach
and Ocean Isle Beach may result in heavier traffic delays.
Brunswick County Emergency Services
Comment: ~~While there will be a delay in response for emergency agencies in the county,
we feel that this delay will be minimal and will not affect the service level
provided to citizens. We are interested in knowing the timeline of the project,
and if the bridge will be completely closed for the duration of the project.
Response: A newsletter will be sent to local officials once the alternative is selected.
19
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Informational Handout

1.12 PROJECT COMMITMENTS
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 23 Conditions, the General Nationwide Permit
Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional Conditions, State Consistency Conditions,
NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, Design
Standards for Sensitive Watersheds, Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines for Contract
Construction, Pre-Construction Guidelines for Bridge Demolition and Removal, Policy: Bridge
Demolition and Removal in Waters of the United States, Best Management Practices for Bridge
Demolition and Removal, General Certification Conditions, and Section 401 Conditions of
Certification, the following special commitments have been agreed to by NCDOT:
Project Deve%pment and Environments/Ana/ysis
A survey will be conducted for the shortnose sturgeon, the bald eagle, and the wood stork 1 to
2 years prior to project construction.
Division Engineer
A construction moratorium on work within jurisdictional waters will be implemented from
February 15 to June 15.
The Stream Crossing Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage will be implemented, as
applicable.
Construction activities will adhere to the guidelines outlined in Precautions For Construction In
Areas Which Mav Be Used By The West Indian Manatee In North Carolina (1996 USFWS).
Construction staging will not be located within the wetland area.
Disturbed areas will be replanted with native species and any temporary fill material within the
floodplain will be removed at project completion.
Hydrae/ic Design
Bridge deck drains will not discharge directly into the Jinnys Branch.
Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan in accordance with rules established by the NC
Sedimentation Control Commission or local erosion and sedimentation control program
approved in accordance with 15 NCAC 4B .0218, and which drain to and are within 1 mile (1.6
km) of HQW shall be required to follow stormwater management rules as specified in 15A
NCAC 2H .1000. stormwater management requirements are described in 15A NCAC 2H .1006.
zo
B-4031
Informational Handout

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B-4031

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