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WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRAN NC ECOSYSTEM Dog Bite Site ENHANCEMEENTPROGRAM
Stream Restoration Plan
Mitchell County, North Carolina
State Contract No. D06056-A
Prepared for:
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program
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July 2008
@ Dog Bite Site
Stream Restoration Plan
Mitchell County, North Carolina
SCO Contract No. D06056-A
KCI Project No. 12065439
Prepared for:
NCDENR-EEP
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
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Prepared by:
KCI Technologies, Inc.
4601 Six Forks Road, Suite 220
Raleigh, NC 27609
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KCI
TECHNOLOGIES
Gary M. Mryncza, Project Manager
[e-mail]
919-783-9214
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WEI-LANDS AND ST WATER BRANCH
DoQ Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Dog Bite Site (DBS) is a full-delivery stream mitigation project located in central Mitchell County,
North Carolina. The project site is situated within the French Broad Basin in the 06010108 8-digit
hydrologic unit code and the North Carolina Division of Water Quality Subbasin 04-03-06. The project
watershed is located in a rural setting within the Southern Crystalline Ridges and Mountains ecoregion of
the Blue Ridge physiographic province.
The DBS is made up of 3,718 existing linear feet of stream. The primary hydrologic feature on the site is
White Oak Creek (WOC), of which there is 3,068 existing linear feet. The site also includes two
tributaries to WOC. Tributary 1 (T1) is 431 existing linear feet and enters WOC on the eastern side of the
site. Tributary 2 (T2) is 219 existing linear feet and enters WOC near the center of the site from the south.
WOC drains to Cane Creek, which then flows into the North Toe River. The project watershed is 0.54
square mile (342 acres).
Historic aerial photographs are available for the site from the years 1956, 1982, 1993, and 1998. Prior to
1956 the site had been partially cleared along the project streams. From 1956 to 1982, the DBS was
further cleared for pasture. Between 1982 and 1993, two ponds were created to support the dairy
operation, but there was no further forest clearing.
The site was a dairy farm in the past and is now used for both Christmas tree farming and livestock
grazing. The construction of two ponds on the site resulted in WOC being channelized around the ponds.
All of the project streams have been impacted by livestock, land clearing, and channelization. These
impacts have resulted in portions of the project streams having bank erosion, areas of incision, poor bed
• variability, and low sinuosity. Certain project reaches have at least a partially vegetated riparian zone,
while other reaches do not have a riparian zone at all. Overall, the DBS streams are in varying degrees of
instability.
The DBS offers the opportunity to restore a significant headwater system. By developing a healthy,
interconnected riparian corridor, the site will also help to reduce nutrient and excess sediment inputs. This
is especially significant, because the site is classified as a Trout Water stream and is a tributary to Cane
Creek. The proposed project reaches were designed as restoration or enhancement based on the level of
departure from a stable stream system. The streams at the DBS will be restored to B channels, although C
channels will exist in isolated areas where there is an existing floodplain. Riparian vegetation at the DBS
site will be restored using Montane Oak-Hickory Forest species.
The project goals are to:
¦ Improve water quality with reduced nutrient and sediment levels.
¦ Create high-quality aquatic and terrestrial habitat.
In order to meet these goals, the following objectives must be accomplished:
¦ Plant a functional Montane Alluvial Forest community along with a Montane Oak-Hickory Forest to
create an effective riparian buffer.
¦ Arrest bed elevation lowering and stream widening.
¦ Create in-stream habitat by restoring a profile with defined pools and adding dead woody debris
habitat structures.
¦ Stop bank erosion by developing the appropriate channel dimension and by stabilizing with
vegetation.
• Remove the livestock waste pond adjacent to the stream.
¦ Exclude livestock from the riparian areas with fencing.
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
Project success will be assessed by utilizing measurements of stream dimension, pattern, and profile; site .
photographs, and vegetation sampling. The monitoring report format will be similar to that set out in the
most recent EEP monitoring protocol. Monitoring shall be conducted annually for a total period of five
years or until the project meets its success criteria.
Mitigntion Summarv

Reach Existing
Stationing Proposed
Stationing
Mitigation Type Priority
Approach Existing
Linear
Footage Designed
Linear
Footage
WOC-1 10+00-12+54 10+00-12+54 Enhancement1 254 254
WOC-2 12+71-19+19 12+71-19+25 Restoration P3 633 639
WOC-3 19+19-22+68 19+25-22+74 Enhancement 1 349 349
WOC-4 22+82-36+71 22+88-36+31 Restoration P3 1,374 1,325
WOC-5 36+71-41+29 36+31-40+89 Enhancement 1 458 458
T1-1 50+00-50+95 50+00-50+95 Enhancement 1 95 95
TI-2 50+95-54+48 50+95-54+69 Restoration P3 336 359
T2 60+00-62+19 60+00-62+57 Restoration P3 219 257
Total 3,718 3,736
Total Proposed Stream Enhancement I 1,156
Total Proposed Stream Restoration 2,580
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Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1
2.0 PROJECT SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION ........................................................... ..1
2.1 Directions to Project Site ........................................................................................................1
2.2 USGS Hydrologic Unit Code and NCDWQ River Basin Designations .................................. ..1
3.0 W ATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION .................................................................................. ..1
3.1 Project Drainage Area ........................................................................................................... .. l
3.2 Water Surface Classification/Water Quality .......................................................................... ..1
3.3 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................................. ..2
3.4 Historical Land Use and Development Trends ....................................................................... ..2
3.4.1 Historical Resources ......................................................................................................... .. 2
3.4.2 Land Use and Development Potential ............................................................................... .. 2
3.5 Endangered/Threatened Species ............................................................................................ .. 2
3.6 Cultural Resources ................................................................................................................ .. 3
3.7 Potential Constraints ............................................................................................................. .. 3
3.7.1 Property Ownership and Boundary ................................................................................... .. 3
3.7.2 Site Access ....................................................................................................................... .. 3
3.7.3 Utilities ............................................................................................................................ .. 3
3.7.4 FEMA/Hydrologic Trespass ............................................................................................. .. 3
4.0 PROJECT SITE STREAMS (EXISTING CONDITIONS) ........................................................ ..3
4.1 General Site Description ....................................................................................................... .. 3
4.2 Channel Stability Assessment ............................................................................................... .. 5
4.3 Bankfull Verification ............................................................................................................ .. 6
4.4 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................ .. 7
5.0 REFERENCE SITES ................................................................................................................ .. 7
5.1 UT to Fisher River Reference Site ......................................................................................... .. 7
5.2 White Oak Creek Reference Site ........................................................................................... .. 8
5.3 Reference Vegetative Communities ...................................................................................... .. 8
6.0 PROJECT SITE RESTORATION PLAN ................................................................................. .. 8
6.1 Restoration Project Goals and Objectives .............................................................................. .. 8
6. 1.1 Design Approach .............................................................................................................. .. 9
6.1.2 Designed Channel Classification ....................................................................................... .. 9
• 6.1.3 Targeted Buffer Communities ........................................................................................... 10
6.2 Sediment Analysis 11
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Bite
Stream Restoration Plan
6.3 Natural Plant Community Restoration ................................................................................... 12
7.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA .................................................................................................. 12 •
7.1 Stream Stability .................................................................................................................... 12
7.2 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................ 14
7.3 Schedule/Reporting ...............................................................................................................14
8.0 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 15
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Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
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TABLES
Table 1. Project Restoration Components
Table 2. Project Watershed Land Use
Table 3. Project Drainage Areas
Table 4a. Morphological Criteria for WOC-1, WOC-2, and WOC-3
Table 4b. Morphological Criteria for WOC-4 and WOC-5
Table 4c. Morphological Criteria for T 1 and T2
FIGURES
C,
Figure 1. Vicinity Map
Figure 2. North Carolina Ecoregions
Figure 3. Project Watershed
Figure 4. Project Site NRCS Soil Survey Map
Figure 5. Project Watershed Land Use
Figure 6. Existing Conditions
Figure 7. Reference Site Vicinity Map (UT to Fisher River)
Figure 8. Reference Site Watershed Map (UT to Fisher River)
Figure 9. Proposed Site Plan
STREAM PLAN SHEETS
Plan Sheet 1
Plan Sheet lA
Plan Sheets 2-2A
Plan Sheets 3
Plan Sheets 4-8
Plan Sheets 9-11
Title Sheet
General Notes and Project Legend
Details: Stream Restoration
Details: Typical Cross-Sections
Plan and Profile
Planting Plan
APPENDICES
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Appendix A. Historic Aerial Photographs
Appendix B. Conservation Easement
Appendix C. Project Site Photographs
Appendix D. Existing Conditions Data
Appendix E. Reference Reach Data
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Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
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Dok Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Dog Bite Site (DBS) is a full-delivery stream mitigation project being developed for the North
Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP). This restoration plan presents detailed information
about the existing site and watershed conditions, the morphological design criteria, and the project design
parameters based upon natural channel restoration methodologies.
2.0 PROJECT SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION
2.1 Directions to Project Site
The DBS is located southeast of Bakersville in central Mitchell County and its location is shown in Figure
1. The center of the site is situated at approximately 35.9956 degrees north and -82.1302 degrees west
(WGS1984). The project area is located at the center of the United States Geological Survey (USGS)
Quadrangles Bakersville, Carvers Gap, Spruce Pine, and Micaville.
To reach the site from Raleigh, begin by proceeding west on I-40 for approximately 200 miles. Then take
Exit 86 for NC-226 toward Shelby/Marion. Take a right onto NC-226, traveling north. Follow NC-226
through Marion and Spruce Pine. Just before reaching Bakersville, make a right onto White Oak Road.
Follow White Oak Road for approximately 1.5 miles and then make a left onto Wilson Dairy Road. The
road will dead end at the Wilson property and the DBS is on the left.
2.2 USGS Hydrologic Unit Code and NCDWQ River Basin Designations
The project site is situated within the French Broad Basin in the 06010108 8-digit hydrologic unit code
(HUC) and the 06010108040010 14-digit HUC. This 14-digit HUC is not a Targeted Local Watershed as
identified by the EEP. The site is found within the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ)
• Subbasin 04-03-06.
3.0 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION
The project watershed is located in a rural setting within the Southern Crystalline Ridges and Mountains
ecoregion of the Blue Ridge physiographic province (Figure 2). The topography within this ecoregion is
characterized by rough dissected ridges and valleys (Griffith et al. 2002). Elevations within the project
watershed range from 4,000 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) at the top of the drainage to 2,700 feet
AMSL where WOC leaves the project site.
3.1 Project Drainage Area
The project streams all drain into White Oak Creek (WOC) (Figure 3), which then flows into Cane Creek
and ultimately into the North Toe River. Tributaries 1 and 2 have 0.08 square mile (48 acres) and 0.07
square mile (46 acres) drainages, respectively. The DBS has a total drainage area of 0.54 square mile (342
acres) and shares a portion of its southern boundary with the 14-digit HUC.
3.2 Water Surface Classification/Water Quality
The NCDWQ assigns surface waters a classification in order to help protect, maintain, and preserve water
quality. WOC from its source to Cane Creek has a classification of Class C with a supplemental
classification of Trout Waters (NCDENR DWQ, 2008a).
• Class C Waters in North Carolina are protected for secondary recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish and
aquatic life propagation and survival, agriculture, and other uses suitable for Class C. Secondary
recreation includes wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact with water where
such activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or incidental manner. There are no
restrictions on watershed development or types of discharges.
• Trout Waters is a supplemental classification intended to protect freshwaters for natural trout
• propagation and survival of stocked trout. This designation affects wastewater quality but not the type
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
of discharges and there are no watershed development restrictions except stream buffer zone
requirements by the NC Division of Land Resources (NCDENR DWQ, 2008b).
None of the project streams or streams immediately downstream of the site are currently designated as
impaired under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (NCDENR, DWQ 2008c).
3.3 Geology and Soils
The underlying rocks at the site include metamorphic rocks of the Ashe Metamorphic Suite and Tallulah
Falls Formation. The member of the group present at the site is the Muscovite-biotite gneiss, which is
described as locally sulfidic; interlayed and gradational with mica schist, minor amphibolite and
hornblende gneiss (NCDENR, NCGS 1985).
The Soil Survey of Mitchell County shows that the primary soil series at the project site are Bandana,
Dellwood-Reddies and Thunder-Saunook as shown in Figure 4 (USDA, NRCS 2004). Bandana sandy
loam is described as a deep, somewhat poorly drained soil that occurs within valleys of mountains and
intermountain hills on floodplains. Dellwood-Reddies complex is a very deep, moderately well drained
soil that occurs within valleys of mountains and intermountain hills on floodplains dominantly at the
upper end of mountain valleys. The third soil series present is the Thunder-Saunook complex that has 15
to 30 percent slopes and is very bouldery. The soil is very deep and well drained. The Thunder-Saunook
occurs on intermountain hills and low intermediate mountains on coves, colluvial fans, drainageways and
benches.
3.4 Historical Land Use and Development Trends
3.4.1 Historical Resources
Historic aerial photographs were obtained from the Mitchell County Natural Resources Conservation •
Service (MRCS) office, the USGS Earth Explorer, and USGS digital orthoquadrangles in order to assess
the existing and historic site conditions. A review of the site history helps to understand the chronology of
land disturbance and aid in the development of an appropriate restoration strategy. The historic aerial
photographs are located in Appendix A.
Historic aerial photographs are available for the site from the years 1956, 1982, 1993, and 1998. By 1956,
most of the forest surrounding the stream had been cleared and there was a thin riparian buffer left along
some parts of the stream. From 1956 to 1982, the DBS was further cleared for pasture, with most of the
clearing taking place on the eastern side of the site. At this point all of the forest along the project reaches
had been cleared. Between 1982 and 1993, two ponds were created to support the dairy operation, but
there was no further forest clearing. The 1998 aerial shows the site looking similar to the previous aerial.
Overall, the watershed has changed minimally from 1956 to 1998, remaining mostly forested.
3.4.2 Land Use and Development Potential
The DBS site is located solely on one property. In the past the property had been used as a dairy farm.
Dairy operations ended in 1996 and since then most of the property has been put into Christmas tree
cultivation. Using an Anderson Level I classification, the predominate land uses in the project watershed
consist of 2% agriculture, 80% forest, 17% pasture, and less then 1% wetland, open water, and urban or
built-up land (See Table 2 and Figure 5) (McKerrow 2003). The surrounding area is rural with low
development pressure.
3.5 Endangered/Threatened Species
A formal review by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NHP) was requested in July 2006 to
identify the presence of rare species, critical habitats, and priority natural areas on the project site and to •
determine the potential impact of the proposed project on these resources. In their letter dated August 1,
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Do,z Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
• 2006, the NHP indicated "no record of rare species, significant natural communities, or significant natural
heritage areas at the site nor within a mile of the project area". In addition, no threatened or endangered
species were identified in the project area during the existing conditions site assessment.
3.6 Cultural Resources
To evaluate the presence of significant cultural resources on the subject property and any potential to
impact these properties, KCI requested in July 2006 a formal review by the North Carolina Department of
Cultural Resources, State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). The formal SHPO review letter dated
August 30, 2006 determined that "the project as proposed will not affect any historic structures." SHPO
also recommended that KCI conduct a formal archeological survey of the site. The site survey conducted
by a KCI archeologist concluded that "the site has a very low likelihood of impacting any intact
archeological resources." Following the archeological site survey, SHPO's letter dated October 23, 2006
recommended that no further archeological investigation be conducted.
3.7 Potential Constraints
The site was evaluated for any site constraints that have the potential to hinder a successful mitigation
project. Below is a description of any potential issues that may affect the project's success.
3.7.1 Property Ownership and Boundary
The proposed restoration project is located on one parcel (Mitchell County PIN 0873-00-61-3570) owned
by June Wilson. KCI has facilitated the purchase of a conservation easement on the site, which has been
transferred to the State of North Carolina (see Appendix B). The conservation easement will protect the
project streams in perpetuity.
• 3.7.2 Site Access
The site is located on Wilson Dairy Road as shown in Figure 1. Once on Wilson Dairy Road, the site can
be accessed at the end of the road where there is a house and horse stables.
3.7.3 Utilities
There are no utilities mapped on the project site.
3.7.4 FEMA/Hydrologic Trespass
No portion of the site is located in a significant flood hazard area as recognized by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA). A portion of WOC is found on FEMA Map 3712100076 C (Mitchell
County Flood Insurance Study, Effective September 2, 1988) and is shown as Zone X.
The proposed restoration is not anticipated to produce hydrologic trespass conditions on the existing
property or on any neighboring properties.
4.0 PROJECT SITE STREAMS (EXISTING CONDITIONS)
The DBS is made up of 3,718 existing linear feet of WOC and its two tributaries (T 1 and T2). WOC has
3,068 existing linear feet on the project site and flows from east to west across the property. There are 431
existing linear feet in T 1 and 219 existing linear feet in T2. T 1 enters WOC toward the eastern end of the
project and T2 enters WOC near the middle of the project. The existing site conditions and site
assessment locations for cross-sections and longitudinal profiles are shown in Figure 6. The project site
photographs (Appendix C) show the current conditions at the DBS and the existing conditions data
(Appendix D) summarize the site assessment.
• 4.1 General Site Description
The project streams have been impacted in a number of different ways. Cattle impacts from the closed
dairy operation and channelization have created varying levels of unstable stream conditions throughout
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
the site. At the beginning of the project, just downstream of a stable ford crossing, Reach 1 of WOC .
(WOC-1) begins where WOC flows out of the forest. This reach is characterized by a long series of riffles
and runs and lacks stable pool features. WOC-1 has been modified as indicated by the spoil piles running
adjacent to both sides of the stream. The reach appears vertically stable with a gravel and cobble bed, but
the banks along this reach exhibit varying levels of stability, with some banks being undercut and actively
eroding. This reach ends at a stable ford crossing near Station 12+54. After the ford crossing, Reach 2
begins (WOC-2). WOC-2 has also been channelized and spoil piles run parallel to the channel along both
banks. This portion of the stream feeds an irrigation pond that is located in the relict stream channel.
There is a six-inch gravity fed PVC pipe that enters the pond from the stream at Station 13+55. When the
pond was constructed the stream was channelized around the right side of the pond. This section of stream
has become incised and has an artificially low width to depth ratio. WOC-2 also does not have a well
vegetated riparian buffer and lacks a natural stream pattern. Similar to WOC-1, WOC-2 is dominated by
riffle and run features and does not have any pools to provide aquatic habitat diversity. The pond flows
out of a riser that is built immediately downstream of the pond. The flow from the riser spills out onto a
concrete slab and then flows back into WOC-2 at Station 17+50. Downstream of the pond, WOC-2 is still
characterized by a sparse riparian buffer and lacks a natural stream pattern; the stream has also become
more incised than at the beginning of the reach.
Reach 3 (WOC-3) begins at Station 19+19 where WOC flows into a slightly more wooded area that is
characterized by small groups of tag alder (Alnus serrulata) and some larger trees that provide shade to
the channel. This reach is confined by the valley wall on the north side of the stream. WOC-3 is less
incised than the previous reach and also has a larger width to depth ratio, indicating that it is slightly more
stable than WOC-2. The unstable areas of WOC-3 are characterized by poorly defined banks in some
areas and eroding banks in others. Like the previous reaches, this reach lacks any deep water habitat that
would be provided by pools. There is a seep entering from the southern hillside that contributes a small
amount of flow to the stream near Station 21+85. The downstream half of WOC-3 leaves the cover of the •
canopy and ends at a ford crossing.
Reach 4 (WOC-4) begins after the ford crossing at Station 22+82. After the ford, livestock have
unrestricted livestock access to the stream. WOC-4 has experienced considerable bank and bed damage.
There is no riparian vegetation and sediment and nutrient inputs to the stream are high. At the beginning
of the reach, the stream steepens and is constrained between a pond berm on the left and the valley wall
on the right. The pond on the left side of the stream is a waste lagoon from the former dairy operation.
This portion of the reach has been channelized, is incised, lacks a riparian buffer, and has poor aquatic
habitat diversity. Downstream of the pond there is another ford crossing and WOC-4 flows into a wider
valley bottom. Here WOC-4 has two well defined, but unstable meanders. The first meander is
characterized by a steep grade with cascading drops over the cobble bed. The second meander is confined
by a twelve-foot tall shear embankment as the stream flows into the valley wall. After these two
meanders, the stream alternates between sections where it is confined and incised to sections where the
valley bottom is wider and the stream is adjacent to an abandoned terrace. The riparian buffer of WOC-4
becomes brushier and widely-spaced large trees become more frequent as the stream flows west.
The last reach of the project stream (WOC-5) begins at Station 36+71. The valley becomes wider at the
downstream end of the project and there is a terrace that is present throughout most of this reach. The
riparian buffer is also more developed in this reach as it is interspersed with trees that provide partial
shade to the stream. WOC-5 exhibits some variability in the stream pattern, but lacks a diverse stream
bed. The stream cross-section is not well defined in areas and its dimension is not consistent throughout
the reach. In some instances, WOC-5 has become over-widened as evidenced by large mid-channel bars.
WOC-5 is the last reach along WOC and the stream exits the project site at Station 41+25.
is
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DoQ Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
• In addition to WOC, the DBS has two tributaries, both first order perennial hydrologic features. T1's first
reach (T1-1) begins at Station 50+00 in a sparsely forested area. This reach is incised and lacks pool
habitat. T 1-1 quickly leaves the forest canopy and the second reach (T 1-2) begins at Station 50+95. This
reach was channelized through high ground to the current location of its confluence with WOC at Station
14+40. As the channel has begun to fill in over the years, T1-2 has developed diffuse flow and there is not
a defined channel until approximately 90 feet before the confluence with WOC. Some of the flow coming
down T1 diverges from the channelized path and seeps to the location of T1's original flowpath, which
has its confluence with WOC near Station 16+00. Due to the lack of a defined channel on T1-2, there is
no stream habitat connection between TI-1 and WOC. There is also no riparian buffer along TI-2; the
reach is in an overgrown field without any canopy cover.
T2 begins at Station 60+00. This tributary enters the DBS from a pipe under Wilson Dairy Road. As the
stream exits the pipe, it enters an active livestock grazing area where there is no riparian vegetation and
the stream banks have been trampled and have eroded away. The reach quickly flows from an area with
minimal stream banks to an incised channel with eroding banks and no riparian vegetation. T2 is a steep
reach that loses significant elevation as it flows down the side of the valley and joins WOC at Station
27+44.
4.2 Channel Stability Assessment
A qualitative stability assessment was performed to estimate the level of departure from a stable stream
system and determine the likely causes of any channel disturbance. This assessment facilitates the
decision-making process with respect to restoration alternatives and establishing goals for successful
restoration.
• At the start of WOC-1, the stream is not incising, due to the compact cobble bed, but it is experiencing
areas of bank erosion as the stream widens. Erosion has primarily been caused by the lack of floodprone
area, a result of berms along both sides of the channel. Riffles and runs are evident features along this
reach, but there are no pools. The lack of pools along all of WOC does not allow for adequate energy
dissipation from the normal flow, which ultimately causes more bank erosion and unstable flows. The
bank height ratios along this reach are between 3.0 and 4.0.
WOC-2 exhibits more instability than WOC-1 because it has been straightened and channelized and there
is less riparian vegetation. Where the stream was channelized around the irrigation pond, the stream has a
bank height ratio of between 1.6 and 2.6, is narrow, deep and slowly widening, leading to eroding banks.
Downstream of WOC-2, WOC-3 has the stabilizing benefit of dispersed riparian vegetation, but is still
undergoing isolated areas of widening and incision and lacks a defined riffle-pool sequence. WOC-3 has a
bank height ratio of 3.8.
Portions of WOC-4 have unrestricted livestock access, which has contributed to bank and bed
degradation. The reach's instability is also due to the fact that the upper portion of WOC-4 is confined in
a narrow portion of the valley and is channelized around a steep pond berm. The stream continues down
the valley where there is riparian vegetation, but still a natural stream pattern. While these two factors
would normally contribute to stability, the steep grade of the valley and lack of pools continues to cause
instability, leading to bank erosion and poor habitat diversity. This reach has a range of bank height ratios
between 1.8 and 3.7.
WOC-5 has a more established riparian buffer and a larger width to depth ratio than the previous reaches.
As a result, WOC-5 has less bank erosion and a slightly more stable cross-section. However, due to the
increased channel width, poorly defined banks, and a lower channel slope, there is a greater accumulation
of fine materials, which has created mid-channel bars. The bank height ratio of this reach ranges from 1.4
to 3.1.
DoQ Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
The two tributaries are both unstable, but they are in different evolutionary stages. T1 and T2 have bank •
height ratios of 3.6 and 4.2, respectively. T1-1, while in a more forested area, is experiencing incision and
widening, as evidenced by the undercut trees on the stream banks. Once T 1 leaves the tree line, the
channelized stream has filled in and does not have a defined flow path. The instability on T2 has been
caused by livestock and the lack of riparian vegetation. T2 has extensive bed and bank degradation due to
these two disturbances.
4.3 Bankfull Verification
The standard methodology used in natural channel design is based on the ability to select the appropriate
bankfull discharge and generate the corresponding bankfull hydraulic geometry from a stable reference
system. The determination of bankfull stage is the most critical component of the natural channel design
process.
Bankfull can be defined as "the stage at which channel maintenance is most effective, that is, the
discharge at which moving sediment, forming or removing bars, forming or changing bends and
meanders, and generally doing work that results in the average morphologic characteristics of the
channels" (Dunne and Leopold 1978). Several characteristics that commonly indicate the bankfull stage
include breaks in slope, changes in vegetation, highest depositional features (i.e. point bars), and highest
scour line. The identification of bankfull stage, especially in a degraded system, can be difficult.
Therefore, the following verification measures were undertaken to facilitate the correct identification of
the bankfull stage on the DBS.
Using pressure transducer stream gauges, stream stage data were collected at two locations on the DBS:
Gauge 1 immediately upstream of WOC-1 at a stable riffle and Gauge 2 on WOC-2 at Station 20+90.
Data were collected for 10 months (July 2007 through April 2008.) Water levels were correlated to an
estimated discharge using a rating curve generated for each gauged section. Over the course of the •
monitoring period the stream gauges showed that the stream stage changed minimally. These data reveal
the consistency of the baseflow. The minor variations in the stream discharge indicate that bankfull events
occur less frequently at the DBS than in comparable watersheds. This can be attributed to the strong
influence of groundwater in this system and the well forested watershed upstream that intercepts a large
amount of the precipitation.
Regional geometry relationships are typically utilized in ungauged areas to approximate bankfull
discharge, area, width, and depth as a function of drainage area based on interrelated variables from other
similar streams in the same hydrophysiographic province. The regional relationships for the rural
mountains of North Carolina were used to verify the bankfull discharges in the project reaches (Harman et
al. 2000). Based on the project's drainage areas, the following bankfull discharges were calculated for the
project streams: 63 cfs for WOC, 14 cfs for T1, and 14 cfs for T2. However, these calculations should be
used with caution because the smallest drainage area used in the regional geometry regression to relate
drainage area and discharge was 2 square miles. Also, only one of the streams used in the regression had a
slope greater than 2.5%.
A HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System) model was developed for the DBS watershed. This type of
model is designed to simulate the precipitation-runoff processes of dendritic watershed systems. For the
DBS, four subbasins were delineated for the model. Various rain events were simulated within the model
to evaluate the discharge associated with each event. For design purposes, a two-year rain event was used
to approximate an event that would create bankfull conditions. This event generated much lower
discharges than the regional curve relationships, 23 cfs for WOC and 3 cfs for both T1 and T2. These
discharges were used to evaluate the design discharge.
•
6
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
• These bankfull verification methods produced a range of bankfull discharge estimates for the DBS. Each
of these methods were examined and evaluated to ascertain which data were the most reliable and
consistent with our knowledge of the site. The methods that were site specific - the on-site gauges, the
HEC-HMS model, and the in-stream bankfull indicators - had the most influence when determining the
design discharges. A combination of these methods produced a design discharge for WOC of
approximately 40 cfs and for the two tributaries of 14 cfs.
4.4 Vegetation
The immediate valley surrounding the project streams has been cleared of trees; woody vegetation
remains along riparian corridors in varying age classes and densities. Because of previous impacts to the
existing forest stands, no distinct vegetative communities exist on the site. Below is a description of the
distribution of common plant species across the DBS.
Along WOC, the riparian corridor contains a mixed community of northern red oak (Quercus rubra),
sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis), black walnut (Juglans nigra), white oak (Quercus alba), tulip poplar
(Liriodendron tulipifera), pussy willow (Salix discolor), black willow (Salix nigra), river birch (Betula
nigra), black birch (Betula lenta), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), eastern white pine (Pinus
strobus), yellow buckeye (Aesculus octandra), red maple (Acer rubrum), wild hydrangea (Hydrangea
arborescens), multiflora rose (Rosa multiora), tag alder (Alnus serrulata), and green ash (Fraxinus
pennsylvanica).
During construction, the number of mature trees removed from the existing riparian areas will be
minimized as much as possible. Any valuable trees that may provide immediate shade to the restored
channel will be left in place if feasible. In the enhancement areas, certain trees may be able to remain on
• one bank if the opposite bank can be reshaped to accommodate the appropriate dimension for the stream.
5.0 REFERENCE SITES
A reference reach is a channel with a stable dimension, pattern, and profile within a particular valley
morphology. The reference reach is used to develop dimensionless morphological ratios (based on
bankfull stage) that can be extrapolated to disturbed/unstable streams to restore a stream of the same type
and disposition as the reference stream (Rosgen 1998). For this project, two reference reaches were used
to design the proposed restoration reaches: an unnamed tributary to Fisher River in Surry County, North
Carolina (see Appendix E for detailed reference reach data) and an onsite reference. The stable cross-
sections immediately upstream of the project stream will serve as dimensional references. In addition to
working within the existing site constraints, UT to Fisher River will serve as the basis for designing the
planform of the restored stream.
5.1 UT to Fisher River Reference Site
An unnamed tributary to Fisher River (UTFR), a first order rural stream in Surry County, was selected as
a reference reach for the restoration of the project streams (Figure 7). The reference reach is located on
Fisher Valley Road off of Exit 93 from Interstate 77. The valley slope is approximately 1.6%. The
sediment distribution and transport are similar to the project streams. The local topography is
characterized by rolling hills. Approximately 300 linear feet of UTFR was surveyed and was classified as
a B4c channel.
UTFR flows northeast into Fisher River and drains approximately 0.38 square mile of predominantly
forested land with a small section of rangeland (Figure 8). The reference reach watershed is within the
Northern Inner Piedmont ecoregion in the Piedmont physiographic province. The site is in the 14-digit
hydrologic unit 03040101090010 in the Yadkin Basin and is in the DWQ Subbasin 03-07-02. The
• reference reach watershed elevations range from 1,420 feet AMSL at the headwaters of the site to 1,210
at the bottom of the reference reach.
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Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
5.2 White Oak Creek Reference Site •
A short reach of White Oak Creek, upstream of the project site, was surveyed by KCI in August 2007
(Appendix H). The valley slope is approximately 8.0%. The sediment distribution and transport are the
same as the project streams. A stable riffle cross-section was surveyed and classified as a 134a channel to
be used as a dimensional reference.
5.3 Reference Vegetative Communities
There are two communities described by Schafale and Weakley that are representative of reference
systems appropriate for the DBS site (1990).
The natural community identified as representative of the streamside areas was the Montane Alluvial
Forest. This community type is described as existing along river and stream floodplains at moderate to
high elevations in more isolated patches when compared to broader floodplain forests. The canopy
species that are typically found within a Montane Alluvial Forest include eastern hemlock (Tsuga
canadensis), sycamore, yellow birch, white oak, red maple, tulip poplar, and river birch. Species that
dominate the understory are ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), and
black willow. Typical shrubs include rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum), tag alder, and doghobble
(Leucothoe fontanesiana) (Schafale and Weakley 1990).
Montane Oak-Hickory Forest was identified as the community type appropriate for stream valleys and
slopes leading away from small stream floodplains. Typical species found in the Montane Oak-Hickory
Forest canopy include white oak, northern red oak, chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), mockernut hickory
(Carya alba), pignut hickory (Carya glabra), tulip poplar, and red maple. The understory layer
commonly has flowering dogwood (Corpus florida), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), red maple,
black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) and serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea). Typical shrubs include •
rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum), Vaccinium spp., maple leaf viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
and witch hazel (Schafale and Weakley 1990).
6.0 PROJECT SITE RESTORATION PLAN
6.1 Restoration Project Goals and Objectives
The DBS has experienced degradation along all of its reaches from livestock, the removal of upland and
riparian vegetation, pond construction, and channelization. These impacts have left the streams with
unstable banks, incised streambeds, inappropriate planform, and poor bed variability. There is
considerable potential to improve and protect this headwater system and provide an interconnected
assemblage of aquatic and terrestrial habitat upstream of important trout waters.
Based on these site-specific conditions, the restoration goals for the DBS are as follows:
¦ Improve water quality with reduced nutrient and sediment levels.
¦ Create high-quality aquatic and terrestrial habitat.
In order to meet these goals, the following objectives must be accomplished:
¦ Plant a functional Montane Alluvial Forest community along with a Montane Oak-Hickory Forest to
create an effective riparian buffer.
¦ Arrest bed elevation lowering and stream widening.
¦ Create in-stream habitat by restoring a profile with defined pools and adding dead woody debris
habitat structures.
¦ Stop bank erosion by developing the appropriate channel dimension and by stabilizing with
vegetation. •
¦ Remove the livestock waste pond adjacent to the stream.
8
Dok Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
is ¦ Exclude livestock from the riparian areas with fencing.
6.1.1 Design Approach
When approaching the design for the DBS, the project objectives were balanced against the existing site
constraints. Below is a description of the site-specific approach used for the design for the DBS.
One of the major site constraints is the valley topography at the DBS. The valley slope varies in steepness
and in many places confines the existing and potential restored planform. The overall approach to the
design of WOC is a combination of Priorities 2 and 3 restoration (Rosgen 1997). This will involve
creating a new stream profile and dimension and a bankfull bench that will tie into the valley side. Where
WOC currently is confined by the upstream pond, the new planform will move the stream away from the
pond to allow for a greater flood prone area on both sides of the stream. To account for the steep slopes of
the reaches on WOC (from 3.3% to 7.5%), the design will include frequent grade control structures that
will mimic the natural step pool sequences found in streams of this type. These step pools will create the
deep water habitat that the stream is currently lacking. While there will be planform adjustments in the
restoration reaches, many of these adjustments will be minor due to confinement within the valley and the
low sinuosity typical of this type of mountain stream. The restored planform will be of a similar beltwidth
as the existing stream, but with more defined meanders. Similar to stable step pool dominated mountain
streams, the planform of the restored stream will not solely dictate the riffle and pool sequence. Many of
the step pools will be located in straight sections of the channel and will be associated with rock or wood
drop structures.
Another component of the restoration of WOC will be the addition of habitat features. These habitat
structures will primarily be composed of dead woody debris to narrow the flow path of the channel in
• areas where the stream has over-widened. Adding these structures will provide diverse habitat niches
within the stream and buffer areas. The in-stream structures will primarily be in pools to enhance the deep
water habitat that does not currently exist at the site. Some log grade control structures will be installed at
grade changes in the middle of riffles. These sections of grade change will create bed diversity within the
riffles, as some riffles will have some steeper sections and some less steep sections within the same riffle.
The enhancement sections of WOC will have their profiles altered, with some existing high quality riffles
being preserved and new pools being created with structures. The cross-sections will also be altered,
creating a bankfull channel that will match the restoration reaches.
T 1 will be restored in a similar fashion, but the tributary will be relocated from where it was historically
channelized back to its approximate original location. The bankfull bench will tie into the existing terrace
in the stream's former location. This restoration approach will be Priority 3. T2 will be restored by
creating a stable cross-section, adjusting the current planform, and building a bankfull bench (Priority 3).
Grade control structures will be incorporated into the design for T2 to stabilize the tributary's steep slope.
For this project, the two reference reaches described in Section 5.0 will be used to guide the design of the
cross-sections, profile, and planform. However, an ideal reference reach was not found for the DBS. The
UT to Fisher River Reference Site has a slope lower than 2%. In the mountain region of North Carolina,
stable 133/4 streams with slopes ranging from 3-7% are scarce. KCI has conducted numerous reference
reach searches throughout North Carolina and has not been able to find stable B3/4 channels within this
slope range.
6.1.2 Designed Channel Classification
The mainstem and tributaries are divided into eight separate reaches based on the restoration or
enhancement approach applied to the portions of the channels (Table 1). The project reaches are identified
• in Figure 9. The morphological design criteria for each of the reaches are found in Tables 4a through 4c.
The streams at the DBS will generally be restored to B channels, with the first four reaches of WOC
9
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
restored and enhanced to B4a streams, and the last reach enhanced to a B4 stream. The two tributaries •
will also be restored and enhanced to 134a stream types. Channels in isolated areas where the streams are
not entrenched in a valley and have access to a floodplain will function as C channels. As WOC flows
through the property, the stream slope decreases. This changing slope affects the restoration design, so
that the proposed cross-sections were adjusted differently for each reach. The designed cross-sections for
the DBS streams are typically designed to have a width to depth ratio of just over 12 and entrenchment
ratios between 2 and 2.2. These cross-sections will be stable and self maintaining, but it is expected that
due to site constraints and relatively small cross-section, these ratios on the constructed channel may vary
slightly and fall into another channel classification. Even if this is the case, the designed channel
classification will most likely still be maintained as 134a and B4 channels due to the continuum of
physical variables within stream reaches (Rosgen 1996).
WOC-1 runs from Station 10+00 to 12+54 and ends at a 15-foot wide easement exception where there is
a rock ford crossing. WOC-1 will be improved as Enhancement I, which involves adjusting the stream to
have the appropriate profile and dimension (USACE et. al 2003). Work on WOC-1 will also involve
keeping as many of the trees in the existing riparian buffer as possible. The second reach on WOC will be
restored. WOC-2 begins at the easement exception at Station 12+71 and will be slightly meandered away
from the berm that surrounds the irrigation pond on the left side of the channel, where T1-2 will join
WOC. Then WOC-2 will cross a 15-foot rock ford crossing easement exception and flow back to its
existing location in the valley before WOC-3 begins at Station 19+25. The restoration of WOC-2 will also
maintain and stabilize the irrigation pond inlet and outlet. Like WOC-1, the mitigation type of WOC-3
will be Enhancement 1. This reach begins at Station 19+25 where there is a more developed riparian
buffer and ends at Station 22+73 where there is a 15-foot wide easement exception with another rock ford
crossing. From the easement exception at Station 22+88, the restoration of WOC-4 will involve
constructing a more appropriate planform and a stable cross-section and profile. The old cattle lagoon to
the left of the stream will be removed. The designed length of WOC-4 is shorter than the existing length •
due to the elimination of two unstable meanders that currently run into steep valley walls. In this section
the channel will be brought back towards the center of the valley with slightly shorter meanders, thereby
reducing the length of this reach. WOC-4 will cross the last 15-foot rock ford crossing easement
exception on WOC and end at Station 36+31, where WOC-5 begins. WOC-5 has a stable planform, but
will be improved as Enhancement I and flows from the end of WOC-4 to the end of the project at Station
36+31.
Tributary 1 is separated into two reaches. The mitigation type for T1-1 is Enhancement I. This reach
begins in a wooded area at Station 50+00 and ends at Station 50+95, where the stream enters a clearing.
T 1-2 will have a defined channel restored back to the old stream location. This reach begins at the end of
T1-1, crosses a 15-foot rock ford crossing easement exception and will be restored until it ends at the
confluence with WOC at Station 54+69. T2 will be restored for its entire length, beginning at Station
60+00 and ending at the confluence with WOC at Station 62+57.
6.1.3 Targeted Buffer Communities
Once all of the work on the project streams has been completed, livestock exclusion fencing will be
installed along the easement boundary on the lower half of the site where livestock will still be kept on
the project parcel. In the areas where there will not be any cattle, the easement boundaries will be marked
with metal posts.
The project will restore a Montane Alluvial Forest community within the floodprone area and low-lying
parts of the valley with a Montane Oak-Hickory Forest community along the valley slopes throughout the
rest of the site. These communities will fit into the natural topography and setting created by the newly
restored channels (Schafale and Weakley 1990). •
10
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
• 6.2 Sediment Analysis
The sediment competency of the DBS was studied in detail and the assessment data are available in
Appendix D. Pebble counts and bulk samples were taken throughout the project reaches. Based on this
analysis, the majority of the project reaches are dominated by gravel and cobble material.
As WOC-1 comes onto the project site, it has predominately a gravel bed with sand overwash covering
most of the gravel. A pebble count at Station 10+75 (Existing) found the channel to be 41% sand and
34% gravel with a D84 of 79.0 mm. A bulk sample on WOC-1 provided a measured D84 of 29.1 mm and
78% gravel in the pavement. The subpavement was composed of slightly finer material with a D84 of
16.9 mm.
WOC-2 is more clearly dominated by gravel as demonstrated by the measured D84 from the two cross-
section pebble counts of 60.0 mm and 150.0 mm. The bulk sample also found that the pavement and sub-
pavements were primarily gravel with D84 values of 51.0 mm and 27.7 mm, respectively.
The gravel bed continues through WOC-3. This is reflected in the 67% gravel in the pebble count and the
D84 of 64.0 mm. WOC-3 also reflects the trend of coarse pavement and slightly less course sub-
pavement. The pavement D84 was 42.0 mm and the sub-pavement D84 was 29.0 mm. The data in
Appendix D also indicate the same trends in the pebble counts and bulk samples for WOC-4 and WOC-5.
T1-1 has a similar gravel bed as the mainstem with a pebble count with a D84 of 160 mm, 46% gravel,
and 35% cobble. When T1 loses its defined channel and T1-2 begins, the channel becomes a vegetated
swale dominated by fine sediments. These fine sediments are a result of the relic channel being filled
when the stream was relocated. Aggradation has also occurred as fine materials become trapped by the
• vegetation and there is no concentrated flow to wash out these materials. The pebble count from this reach
reflected this, being composed entirely of sand and silt. T2 has been so impacted by cattle that the bed is
primarily composed of silt from the eroding banks and adjacent grazing area. The pebble count of this
compacted bed was made up of 90% silt.
The sediment sampling found that the streambed of the DBS streams are predominately compacted with
gravels and sands cemented between larger cobbles. These streams are threshold channels, which are
defined as streams where the bed material inflow is negligible and the channel boundary is immobile even
at high flows (Shields et al. 2003). At the DBS, there is a lack of incoming bed material from the small
surrounding forested watershed and cattle have hardened the bed with tightly packed gravel and cobble.
While the bulk of the streambed is made up of compacted gravel, there is a large amount of cobble
material that is scattered throughout the stream and acts to armor many of the steep riffles. This is
especially typical of the enhancement reaches where there are more stable riffles than in the restoration
reaches. As opposed to an active bed system, a threshold channel never achieves full sediment transport;
the system only achieves partial sediment transport. Therefore, threshold mobility evaluation of these
streams is not appropriate for the site.
To verify that the restored and enhanced streams would not aggrade and collect excessive fine materials,
the shear stresses of the proposed riffle cross-sections were calculated. These shear stresses were
validated for the design riffle cross-sections and channel gradient using the equation:
t=yRs
Where: T = shear stress (lbs/ftz)
y = specific gravity of water (62.4 lbs/ft3)
• R = hydraulic radius (ft)
s = average water slope (ft/ft)
11
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
All of the shear stresses calculated were greater than is necessary to move the fine wash load that has •
been found in the stream. This should promote a stable channel bottom without excessive aggradation of
fine materials.
6.3 Natural Plant Community Restoration
Riparian plantings shall consist of native woody species. To achieve a mature survivability of 260 stems
per acre, 680 stems per acre (8 feet by 8 feet spacing) will be planted. Plant placement and groupings will
be randomized during installation in order to develop a more naturalized appearance. Woody vegetation
planting will take place during dormancy. Species to be planted in the bankf ill bench and low-lying areas
as Montane Alluvial Forest may consist of the following:
Tag Alder Alnus serrulata Sycamore Platanus occidentalis
River Birch Betula nigra Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera
Yellow Birch Betula alleghaniensis White Oak Quercus alba
Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana Winterberry Ilex verticillata
Spicebush Lindera benzoin
The valley slopes will be planted as Montane Oak-Hickory Forest and may consist of the following
species:
Sweetshrub Calycanthus florida Mockernut Hickory Carya alba
Chestnut Oak Quercus prinus Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera
White Oak Quercus alba Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea
Witch Hazel
k W
l
l Hamamelis virginiana
i
l
J Black Gum
icebush
S Nyssa sylvatica
Lindera benzoin •
nut
a
B
ac gra
ans n
ug p
On the restored stream banks, live stakes will be used to provide natural stabilization. Appropriate species
identified for live s taking include:
Silky Dogwood Cornus amomum Silky Willow Salix sericea
Black Willow Salix nigra Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
A herbaceous seed mix composed of appropriate native species will also be developed and used to further
stabilize and restore the riparian and bank zones following construction.
In addition to planting the proposed community types, vegetative restoration will also include eliminating
invasive species that have taken over portions of the site. The most prevalent invasive species at the DBS
is multiflora rose (Rosa multi flora).
7.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Monitoring shall consist of the collection and analysis of stream stability and riparian/stream bank
vegetation survivability data to support the evaluation of the project in meeting established restoration
objectives. Specifically, project success will be assessed utilizing measurements of stream dimension,
pattern, and profile; site photographs, and vegetation sampling.
7.1 Stream Stability
The purpose of monitoring is to evaluate the stability of the restored stream. Following the procedures
established in the USDA Forest Service Manual, Stream Channel Reference Sites (Harrelson et al. 1994)
and the methodologies utilized in the Rosgen stream assessment and classification system (1994 and •
12
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
1996), data collected will consist of detailed dimension and pattern measurements, longitudinal profiles,
and bed materials sampling.
Dimension - Permanent cross-sections will be established at 5 riffle and 4 pool locations along the
restored project reaches. The following cross-sections will be used to evaluate stream dimension:
¦ 2 riffles and 2 pools on WOC-2
¦ 3 riffles and 2 pools on WOC-4
Permanent monuments will be established by conventional survey. The cross-section surveys shall
provide a detailed measurement of the stream and banks and will include points on the adjacent floodplain
or valley, at the top of bank, bankfull, at all breaks in slope, the edge of water, and thalweg. Width/depth
and entrenchment ratios will be calculated for each cross-section based on the survey data.
Cross-section measurements should show little or no change from the as-built cross-sections. If changes
do occur, they will be evaluated to determine whether they are minor adjustments associated with settling
and increased stability or whether they indicate movement toward an unstable condition.
Profile - A detailed longitudinal profile will be conducted along the entire length of WOC. Measurements
will include slopes (average, pool, and riffle) as well as calculations of pool-to-pool spacing. Annual
measurements should indicate that bedform features are stable with little change from the as-built survey.
The pools should maintain their depth with lower water surface slopes, while the riffles should remain
shallower and steeper than the average values for the stream.
Pattern - Measurements associated with the channel pattern shall be taken on the restored sections of the
stream included in the longitudinal profiles after the as-built survey. These data will include belt width,
meander length, and radius of curvature. Subsequently, sinuosity, meander width ratios, radius of
is curvature, and meander length/bankfull width ratios will be calculated. Pattern data will only be
calculated again if visual monitoring indicates that significant changes have occurred to the stream
planform.
Bed Materials - Pebble counts will be conducted at each monitored cross-section for the purpose of
repeated classification and to evaluate sediment transport.
Verification of Bankfull Events - During the monitoring period, a minimum of two bankfull events must
be recorded within the five-year monitoring period. These two bankfull events must occur in separate
monitoring years. Bankfull events will be verified using on-site gauges.
Photograph Reference Points - Twenty photograph reference points will be established to assist in
characterizing the site and to allow qualitative evaluation of the site conditions. The location and
bearing/orientation of each photo point will be documented to allow for repeated use.
Cross-section Photograph Reference Points - Each cross-section will be photographed to show the form
of the channel with the tape measure stretched over the channel for reference in each photograph. An
effort will be made to consistently show the same area in each photograph.
Visual Assessment - An annual site walk will be conducted at the end of each monitoring period to
document any stream problem areas. Particular attention will be paid to the enhancement reaches and the
two tributaries. Specific problem areas that could arise include excessive bank erosion, bed deposition or
aggradation, or problems with the installed structures. The findings of the visual assessment as well as
any recommended corrective actions for problem areas will be summarized in the monitoring reports by
• way of a Current Conditions Plan View figure.
13
DoQ Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
7.2 Vegetation •
The success of the riparian buffer plantings will be evaluated using seven ten-by-ten meter vegetative
sampling plots and will use the CVS-EEP stream vegetation monitoring protocol (Lee et al. 2006). The
corners of each monitoring plot will be permanently marked in the field. The coordinates of the plot
corners will be recorded using conventional survey. The monitoring will consist of the following data
inventory: composition and number of surviving species, total number of stems per acre, diameter at
decimeter height, diameter at breast height for trees greater than 5 feet in height, and vigor. Additionally,
a photograph will be taken of each plot that will be replicated each monitoring year. Riparian vegetation
must meet a minimum survival success rate of 320 stems/acre after three years, 288 stems/acre after four
years, and 260 stems/acre after five years. If monitoring indicates that the specified survival rate is not
being met, appropriate corrective actions will take place, which may include invasive species control, the
removal of dead/dying plants and replanting.
7.3 Schedule/Reporting
The first scheduled monitoring will be conducted during the first full growing season following project
completion. Monitoring shall subsequently be conducted annually for a total period of five years or until
the project meets its success criteria.
Annual monitoring reports will be prepared and submitted after all monitoring tasks for each year are
completed. The report will document the monitored components of the restoration plan and include all
collected data, analyses, and photographs. Each report will provide the new monitoring data and compare
the most recent results against previous findings. The monitoring report format will be similar to that set
out in the most recent EEP monitoring protocol.
Variations from the designed project reaches can be anticipated due to unknown site conditions, inputs
from outside the restoration site, regional climatic variations, or acts of God, etc. Regular management •
activities will be implemented as necessary to ensure that the goals and objectives of the project are met.
These activities will be conducted throughout the year and may include invasive species control or other
management activities. If the monitoring identifies failures in the project site, a remedial action plan will
be developed to investigate the causes of the failure and propose actions to rectify the problem.

14
Do,Q Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
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• Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina,
3`d Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, NCDEHNR, Division of Parks and
Recreation. Raleigh, NC.
15
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
Shields, F.D. Jr., R.R. Copeland, P.C. Klingeman, M.W. Doyle, and A. Simon. 2003. Design for Stream •
Restoration. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 129 (8): 575-584.
US Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District, US Environmental Protection Agency, North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and NCDENR, Division of Water Quality. 2003.
Stream Mitigation Guidelines. Wilmington, NC.
USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2004. Soil Survey of Mitchell County, North Carolina.

•
16
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan

0 Tables
0
•
•
Table 1. Project Restoration Components
Reach Existing
Stationing Proposed
Stationing Mitigation Type Priority
Approach Existing Linear
Footage Designed Linear
Footage Comments
WOC-1 10+00-12+54 10+00-12+54 Enhancement 1 254 254 Excludes 15-11 crossing
WOC-2 12+71-19+19 12+71-19+25 Restoration P3 633 639 Excludes 15-ft crossing
WOC-3 19+19-22+68 19+25-22+73 Enhancement 1 349 349 Excludes 15-ft crossing
WOC-4 22+82-36+71 22+88-36+31 Restoration P3 1,374 1,325 Excludes 15-ft crossing
WOC-5 36+71-41+29 36+31-40+89 Enhancement1 458 458
TIA 50+00-50+95 50+00-50+95 Enhancement1 95 95
TI-2 50+95-54+48 50+95-54+69 Restoration P3 336 359 Excludes 15-ft crossing
T2 60+00-62+19 60+00-62+57 Restoration P3 219 257
'Dotal 3,718 3,736
Total Proposed Stream Enhancement I 1,156
Total Proposed Stream Restoration 2,580
Table 2. Project Watershed Land Use
Land Use Acerage Percentage of
Watershed
Agriculture 6.8 2%
Forest land 273.6 80%
Rangeland 58.1 17%
Wetland 0.7 < 1%
Water 1.3 < 1%
Urban or built-up 1.5 < 1%
Table 3. Project Drainage Areas
Reach Drainage Area
(Acres) Drainage Areas
(Square Miles)
WOC 342.4 0.535
TI 48.4 0.076
T2 45.8 0.072
r?
L
Table 4A. Morphological Criteria for WOC-l, WOC-2, and WOC-3
Existin Existing Existin h
R
f
R Reach
R
f Proposed Proposed Proposed
Variables
WOC-1* -
WOC-2** +
WOC-3 e
.
eac
UTFR e
.
WOC ++
WOC-1
WOC-2
W016
Rosgen Stream Type F5b E/B4a B4a 134c B4a B4a Boa B4a
Mitigation Type Enh. 1 Restoration Enh.I N/A N/A Enh. I Restoration Enh. I
Drainage Area (mi"") 0.23 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.23 0.23 0.36 0.38
Bankfull Width (Wbkf) (ft) 8.8-9.7 5.0-8.3 14.2 9.0-10.0 8.8 8.6 8.6 9.0
Bankfull Mean Depth (dbkf) (ft) 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.9 0.5 1.1-1.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7
Bankfull Cross-Sectional area (Abkf) (ft2) 4.9-5.0 4.6-6.7 7.1 10.4-10.7 5. I 6.3 6.3 6.6
Width/depth Ratio (Wbkf/dbkf) 15.8-18.8 5.4-13.8 28.4 8.0-10.0 15.2 12.3 12.3 12.3
Maximum Depth (dmbkf) (ft) 0.7 0.8-1.4 0.8 1.3-1.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Width of flood prone area (Wrp.) (ft) 10-11 9-11 25 13-21 12 19 19 19
Entrenchment Ratio (ER) 1.1-1.2 1.2-2.1 1.8 1.3-2.3 1.4 2.2 2.2 2.1
Sinuosity (stream length/valley length) (K) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 - 1.0 1.0 1.0
Pool Depth (ft) - - 0.7 1.2-1.4 - 1.0 1.0 1.1
Riffle Depth (ft) 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.9 0.5 1.1-1.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7
Max Pool Depth (ft) 1.3 2.1-2.4 - 1.6 1.6 1.6
Pool Width (ft) 19.8 8.4-11.6 - 10.2 10.2 10.6
Riffle Width (ft) 8.8-9.7 5.0-8.3 14.2 9.0-9.9 8.8 8.6 8.6 9.0
Pool XS Area (sf) 14.2 11.6-13.4 - 10.1 10.1 11.4
c
Z;
Riffle XS Area (sf)
4.9-5.0
4.6-6.7
7.1
10.4-10.7
5.1
6.3
6.3
6.6
F Pool depth/mean riffle depth 1.4 1.0-1.3 - 1.4 1.4 1.6
O
Pool width/riffle width
1.4
0.8-1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
Pool area/riffle area 2.0 1.1-1.3 1.6 1.6 7AML
Max pool depth/dbkf 2.6 1.9-2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3
Bank Height Ratio (BHR) 3.3-4.2 1.6-2.6 3.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0
Mean Bankfull Velocity (V) (fps) 6.3-6.7 6.2-7.9 4.6-5.4 4.1-4.5 6.7 7.1 6.4 5.2
Bankfull Discharge (Q) lets) 31-33 31-53 33 42-46 34 40 40 40
Meander length (Lm) (ft) - 32-45 39 93-136 - - 80-140 39
Radius of curvature (R,) (ft) - 8-15 8 13-42 - 15-30 8
Belt width (WbO (ft) 20 21 18 45 20 15-30 18
Meander width ratio (Wblt/Wbkf) 2.1-2.3 2.5-4.2 1.3 4.5-5.0 2.1-2.3 1.7-3.5 1.3
Radius of c urvature/bank full width 1.0-3.0 0.6 1.3-4.4 1.7-3.5 0.9
Meander length/bankfull width - 3.9-9.0 2.7 9.0-15.0 - 9.3-16.3 4.3
Valley slope 0.0780 0.0585 0.0440 0.0160 0.0780 0.0585 0.0440
Average water surface slope 0.0754 0.0617 0.0406 0.0130 0.0754 0.0593 0.0405
Riffle slope 0.0440-0.0989 10.0301-0.0898 0.0407-0.0571 0.013-0.028 0.0549-0.1071 0.0430-0.0741 0.0229-0.050
Pool slope - 0-0.0010 0-0.0030 0-0.0030 0-0.0030
Pool to pool spacing 117 30-59 45-52 25-78 42-80
Pool length - 3-25 6-8 5-8 8-10
Riffle slope/avg water surface slope 0.58-1.31 0.49-1.46 1.00-1.41 1.00-2.20 0.73-1.42 0.73-1.25 0.57-1.24
Pool slope/avg water surface slope 0 0-0.04 0-0.05 0-0.07
Pool length/bankfull width - 0.3-2.5 0.7-0.9 0.6-0.9 0.9-1.1
Pool to pool spacing/bankfull width 8.2 3.3-6.0 mmm 5.2-6.0
dh? 2.9-9.1 4.7-8.9
*WOC-1 is not a meandering channel and is only composed of riffles and runs, therefore no pattern data or pool data were collected.
**WOC-2 is only composed of riffles and runs, therefore no pool data were collected. •
A pool cross-section was surveyed for WOC-3 but there were no pools in the representative profile, therefore no pool profile data were collected.
- Since WOC-1 will be enhanced there will not be any pattern adjustments so the proposed pattern data is the same as the exisiting pattern data.
Table 413. Morphological Criteria for WOC-4 and WOC-5
Existin Existing f Proposed Proposed
Variables WOC-4* WOC-5* Ref. Reach
UTFR . Reach
Re
WOC WOC-4 WOC-5
Rosgen Stream'fype G/F4b C/ B4 B4c 64a Boa B4
Mitigation Type Restoration Enh. I N/A N/A Restoration Enh. I
Drainage Area (mil) 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.5
Bankfull Width (Wbkf) (ft) 9.2-10.6 13.7-27.2 9.0-10.0 8.8 9.8 10.6
Bankfull Mean Depth (dbkf) (ft) 0.6-0.9 0.4-0.6 1.1-1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8
Bankfull Cross-Sectional area (Abkf) (ft2) 6.4-7.9 8.1-11.7 10.4-10.7 5.1 7.7 8.9
Width/depth Ratio (Wbkf/dbkf) 10.7-17.2 23.2-63.2 8.0-10.0 15.2 12.5 12.6
Maximum Depth (dmbkf) (ft) 0.9-1.3 1.0-1.5 1.3-1.5 0.9 1.0 1.1
Width of flood prone area (W fpa) (ft) 12-21 18-97 13-21 12 20 22
Entrenchment Ratio (ER) 1.1-2.0 1.3-3.6 1.3-2.3 1.4 2.0 2.1
Sinuosity (stream length/valley length) (K) 1.1 1.0 1.2 - 1.1 1.0
Pool Depth (ft) - - 1.2-1.4 - 1.2 1.3
Riffle Depth (ft) 0.6-0.9 0.4-0.6 1.1-1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8
Max Pool Depth (ft) 2.1-2.4 - 1.8 2.0
Pool Width (ft) 8.4-11.6 - 11.0 11.8
Riffle Width (ft) 9.2-10.6 13.7-27.2 9.0-9.9 8.8 9.8 10.6

r Pool XS Area (s1) 11.6-13.4 - 13.5 15.8
Riffle XS Area (sf) 6.4-7.9 8.1-11.7 10.4-10.7 5.1 7.7 8.9
d
E
Pool depth/mean riffle depth
1.0-1.3
-
1.5
1.6
O
Pool width/riffle width
0.8-1.3
1.1
1.1
Pool area/riffle area 1.1-1.3 1.8 1.8
Max pool depth/dbkf 1.9-2.0 - 2.3 2.5
Bank Height Ratio (BHR) 1.8-3.7 1.4-3.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0
Mean Bankfull Velocity (V) (fps) 5.1-6.9 3.8-4.7 4.1-4.5 6.7 5.5 5.0
Bankfull Discharge (Q) (efs) 33-51 38-45 42-46 34 40 40
Meander length (L.) (ft) 81-244 84-106 93-136 - 95-160 84-106
Radius ofcurvature (Rj (ft) 14-52 20-24 13-42 20-40 20-24
Belt width (Wbit) (ft) 31-80 34 45 15-40 34
y Meander width ratio (Wbit/Wbkf) 2.9-8.7 1.3-2.5 4.5-5.0 1.5-4.1 3.2
Radius of c urvature/bank full width 1.3-5.7 0.7-1.8 1.3-4.4 2.0-4.1 1.9-2.3
Meander length/bankfullwidth 7.6-26.5 3.1-7.7 9.0-15.0 9.7-16.3 7.9-10.0
Valley slope 0.0434 0.0331 0.0160 0.0434 0.0331
Average water surface slope 0.0399 0.0335 0.0130 0.0405 0.0323
Riffle slope 0.0410-0.0767 0.0357-0.0653 0.013-0.028 0.0321-0.0638 0.0152-0.066
Pool slope 0 0-0.0022 0-0.0010 0-0.0030 0-0.0030
° Pool to pool spacing 231 27-35 30-59 30-83 32-83
0
f%
Pool length
7-14
5-9
3-25
5-16
7-9
Riffle slope/avg water surface slope 1.03-1.92 1.07-1.95 1.00-2.20 0.79-1.58 0.47-2.10
Pool slope/avg water surface slope 0 0-0.07 0 0-0.07 0-0.09
Pool length/bankfull width 0.7-1.5 0.2-0.7 0.3-2.5 0.5-1.6 0.7-0.8
Pool to pool spacing/bankfull width 21.8-25.1 1.0-2.6 3.3-6.0 3.1-8.5 3.0-7.8
0 * No pool cross-sections were surveyed, but pools were identified on the longitudinal survey.
Table 4C. MotvholoQical Criteria for T1 and T2
Existing Existing Existing h Proposed Proposed Proposed
Variables
T1-1*
T1-2** +
T2 Ref. Reach
UTFR Ref. Reac
WOC ++
T1-1++
T1-2
T2
Rosgen Stream Type B/G4 135a B/G5 B4c 134a B4a Boa B4
Mitigation "hype Enh. I Restoration Restoration N/A N/A En h. I Restoration Restoration
Drainage Area (mil) 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.38 0.23 0.08 0.08 0.07
Bankfull Width (Wbkf) (ft) 5.7 19.5 6.6 9.0-10.0 8.8 6.6 6.6 6.2
Bankfull Mean Depth (dbkf) (ft) 0.4 0.3 0.4 I.1-1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
Bankfull Cross-Sectional area (Abkf) (ft) 2.3 6.5 2.5 10.4-10.7 5.1 3.2 3.2 3.0
Width/depth Ratio (Wbkf/dbkd 14.1 58.5 17.4 8.0-10.0 15.2 13.6 13.6 12.4
Maximum Depth (dmbkf) (ft) 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.3-1.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6
Width of flood prone area (WIpJ (fl) 8 38 10 13-21 12 14 14 13
Entrenchment Ratio (ER) 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.3-2.3 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.1
Sinuosity (stream length/valley length) (K) 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 - 1.1 1.1 1.1
Pool Depth (ft) - - - 1.2-1.4 - 0.8 0.8 0.8
Riffle Depth (ft) 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.1-1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
Max Pool Depth (ft) - - - 2.1-2.4 - 1.2 1.2 1.2
Pool Width (ft) - - - 8.4-11.6 - 7.4 7.4 6.8
Riffle Width (ft) 5.7 19.5 6.6 9.0-9.9 8.8 6.6 6.6 6.2
Pool XS Area (sf) - - - 11.6-13.4 - 5.8 5.8 5.3
Riffle XS Area (sf) 2.3 6.5 2.5 10.4-10.7 5.1 3.2 3.2 3.0
y
c
Pool depth/mean riffle depth
-
-
-
1.0-1.3
-
1.6
1.6
1.6
O
Pool width/riffle width
0.8-1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
Pool area/riffle area 1.1-1.3 1.8 1.8 1.8
Max pool depth/dbkf 1.9-2.0 - 2.4 2.4 2.
Bank Height Ratio (BHR) 3.6 4.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 I .
Mean Bankfull Velocity (V) (fps) 5.9 6.5 4.1-4.5 6.7 5.2 4.9 5.9
Bankfull Discharge (Q) (cfs) 14 16.4 42-46 34 14 14 14
Meander length (L,,,) (ft) - - 93-136 - - 70-105 75-96
Radius ofcurvature (RJ (ft) 13-42 10-25 15-25
Belt width (Wbi,) (ft) 45 - 15-30 16-24
y Meander width ratio (Wbit/Wbkf) 4.5-5.0 2.3-4.5 2.6-3.9
Radius ofcurvature/bankfull width 1.3-4.4 1.5-3.8 2.4-4.0
r length/bankfull width - - - 9.0-15.0 - 10.6-15.9 12.1-15.5
lope 0.0737 0.0583 0.1 153 0.016 0.0750 0.0590 0.1153
water surface slope
A 0.0681 0.0601 0.1129 0.013 0.0750 0.0590 0.1012
ope 0.0721-0.0874 0.013-0.028 0.0764-0.0876 0.0497-0.0579 0.0900-0.1407
J
pe 0-0.0010 0-0.0030 0-0.0030 0-0.0030
ool spacing 30-59 76 35-45 34-45
gth 3-25 9 5-17 6-10
ope/avg water surface slope 1.06-1.28 1.00-2.20 1.02-1.17 0.84-0.98 0.89-1.39
pe/avg water surface slope 0 0-0.04 0-0.05 0-0.03
Pool length/bankfull width 0.3-2.5 1.4 0.8-2.6 1.0-1.6
Pool to pool spacing/bankfull width 3.3-6.0 11.5 5.3-6.8 5.5-7.3
*Tl -1 is not a meandering channel and is only composed of riffles and runs, therefore no pattern data or pool data were collected.
**TI -2 is not a meandering channel and does not have a well defined channel with distinct bed features, therefore no pattern data were collected and
only limited dimension and profile data were collected. •
IT2 is not a meandering channel and does not have distinct bed features, therefore no pattern data were collected and only limited dimension and
profile data were collected.
.+ Since TI -1 will be enhanced there will not be any pattern adjustments so the proposed pattern data is the same as the exisiting pattern data.
DoQ Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
•

Figures

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COUNTY ?I
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Figure 1. Vicinity Map
Project Site Location
Major Roads
KCI - Other Roads
Major Rivers
TECHNOLOGIES Cities and Towns
2
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MITCHELL
COUNTY
AVERY
COUNTY
MITCHELL
AVERY

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1 inch equals 2 miles
2 0 2 ENVIRONMENIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Mlles AND (-ONSTRUCTION. INC.
Mitchell County, North Carolina
y 1 S t 'TT
Selected North Carolina Level IV Ecoregions
_ Amphibolite Mountains
Broad Basins
Eastern Blue Ridge Foothills
High Mountains
- New River Plateau
- Northern Inner Piedmont
Southern Crystaline Ridges and Mountains
O Southern Inner Piedmont
Southern Metasedimentary Mountains
- Southern Outer Piedmont
Southern Sedimentary Ridges
MADISON
MITCHELL
4

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BURKE
CLEVELAND
Figure 2. North Carolina Ecoregions
{ Project Site Location
N KC I
County Boundaries W?E
r1StiOCIATFS OF NC
s
1:633,600
1 inch equals 10 miles
TECHNOLOGIES 10 5 0 10
PIM Milcs ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
AND CONSTRUCTION, INC.
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Figure 3. Project Watershed
A,
Project Watershed (0.53 sq. mile) MMMMMO�
14 -digit HUC Boundaries KCI
6,111=1111111 Project Streams ASSOCIATES OF NC
Other Streams
K
Quadrangle Boundaries 1:24,000 C I = I inch equals 2,000 feet
Source- USGS Topographic Quadrangles 2,000 1,000 0 2,000 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOWMS
TECHNOLOGIES Bakersville (1978), Carvers Gap (1960), Feet AND -_ ONSTRUCTION. INC.
Micaville (1978), and Spruce Pine (1978)

Selected Soils = Fe02- Fannin sandy day loam, 15 to 30 percent stapes, eroded 7w"`
IMA- Bandana sandy loam. 0 to 3 percent slopes, oaasianaWy It- O FeE2 - Fannin santly day loam, 30 to 50 percent stapes. eroded --
?BtD-BUbdl-CM1estrut corrykx. 15 to 30 percent stapes. stony OI-taD-HUnidale stty ddyloam, i5 to 30 percent sion?.s It-, R.
a
= MF - Bula-Chests t complex, 50 ia95 percent slopes, stony [=]H E - Huntdale sfty tlay bam, 30 to 50 percent sln{ws. re. st r ,
CaF - Cashiers sandy loam. 50 to 95 percent slopes, stony O RE - %tt loam, 30 to 50 percent stapes. stony
CF - Chantller-M<avile complex. 50 to 95 percent slopes, stony RF - %U loam. 50 to 95 percent slopes, stony -
C.C2 - Clifton day loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, eroded SaB Saunaok sift bam. 2 to 8 penal slopes
C W - Clifton day loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, eroded O S C Saurwok sift bam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony
n C2
Q CnE2 - Clifton day bam. 30 to 50 percent stapes, eroded S JD - S11,oat, Ttwnder mmplex, 15 to 30 percent slopes. stony
DaA- Dell-J-Feddan complex, 0 to 3 percent stapes, occesianally flooded= S E Saunaak-Thuntler -plea, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony -
DuB - Diflsbom tlay bam 2 to a percent stapes TsD Th-1S11nook opmplex. 15 to 30 p-t slopes, very boultlery .:
UC- Dilishwc day loar^8 to 15 pure tapes stony O TsF n rr S, nxY o x 3_ to 5. p .Kent slopes. ery Multle,y nU2

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Figure 4. Project Site NRCS Soil Survey
H K C I
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s
K C I 1:6,000
1 inch equals 500 feet NIMA
Source: SSURGO Dataszt (or Mitche111 County based an 500 250 0 500
NTECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGIES Soil Survey of Milchell Count. NC. USDA NRCS. 2004: EIARONIVIENTAL
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Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
•
Appendix A
Historic Aerial Photographs
41
L i
rt 4
.
-
�-' ' 4.ry{�(•_� � _�4��\yam. } d
ice.
7
x� trf l
Historic Aerial Photograph - 1982
N KCI
ASSOCIATES OF NC
Limits of Project Parcel w� E
5
1:8,400
KC 1 inch equals 700 feet
TECHNOLOGIES 700 350 0 700 Feet ENVIRONMENr/LL TECHNOLOGIES
AND CONSrRucricm, INC.
Source: USDA, NRCS Mitchell County, l982

Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan

E
Appendix B
Conservation Easement
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•
0
Dog Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
•
? Appendix C
Project Site Photographs
0
? 0

1 0
Looking downstream at a long riffle/run sequence that characterizes WOC-1.
Poor riparian buffer and an eroding bank near the beginning of WOC-2.

`t rs^s ?'?fl , ? ?Y

4 p f

Immediately upstream of the outlet into the irrigation pond on WOC-2.
The end of WOC-2. WOC-3 begins under the trees in the background.
0
•

? 0
10

t
z?

A long riffle/run sequence and eroding bank near the beginning of WOC-3.
0
Looking upstream at the beginning of WOC-4 with the livestock barn in the background.
i
II t(f
4 F 4 7
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r y qq
aw'?4 r t -
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The waste lagoon, which will be removed, with WOC-4 at the base of the berm on the right side
of the lagoon.
X

.'??*.- -'-` ?` `?'u+';? ,?"1?
$ `?`,.: mss;- •?i ry-'i.." ? ?"`? _
_
. _

Upstream view of WOC-4 after it passes the waste lagoon; there have been extensive livestock
impacts in this location. The lagoon berm is on the right side in this photo.
•
•
•
•
10
WOC-4 immediately before it becomes further entrenched in the valley.

i•
y?

ll'

I
Bank erosion along WOC-4 after the confluence with T2.
r
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Looking down at WOC-4, which is entrenched within the valley in this section.
TIC,
Bank erosion along WOC-4.
•
0
11
•
10
1 0

t

WOC-5 near the end of the project site.
.Ae $ jy.?'Y u
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The beginning of Tl-1 where a headcut has developed and the stream has become
incised.
s.?
i
Looking downstream along T 1-1 where the stream is incised.

Looking downstream at the beginning of Tl-2 where the channel has tilled in; the
tributary flows diffusely until its confluence with WOC.
•
C
•

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0
Looking upstream along T2 towards Wilson Dairy Road, where there are heavy cattle
impacts.
- p
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Looking upstream along T2 immediately before the confluence with WOC.
DoQ Bite Site Stream Restoration Plan
C7
0
Appendix D
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