HomeMy WebLinkAbout20161130 Ver 1_Bridge 100592 Buncombe Archaeology No Effect_20161116Project Tracking No. (Internal Use)
12-10-0034
NO PREHISTORIC OR HISTORIC PROPERTIES
PRESENT/AFFECTED FORM
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No
WBS No:
F.A. No:
Str.# 100592
17BP.13.R.38
na
Fede�al (USACE) Permit Required?
Project Description:
County:
Document
Buncombe
Minimum Criteria Sheet
Funding: � State ❑ Federal
� Yes ❑ No Permit Type: Corps 404/DWQ 401
The project calls for the replacement of Bridge No. 592 on SR 2785 (Dye Leaf Road) over Cane Creek in
Buncombe County. The archaeological Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the project is defined as a
400 foot (121.92 m) long corridor running 200 feet (60.96 m) north and 200 feet (60.96 m) south and
west along 5R 2785 from the center of Bridge No. 592. The corridor is approximately 100 feet (30.48 m)
wide extending 50 feet (15.24 m) on either side of the road from its present center.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) reviewed the subject project and determined:
Archaeology
� There are no National Register-listed or Study Listed properties within the project's area of potential
effects.
❑ No subsurface archaeological investigations are required for this project.
� Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources.
❑ Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources considered eligible
for the National Register.
❑ All identified Archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all compliance for
archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has
been completed for this project.
� There are no historic properties present or affected by this project. (Attach any notes or documents as
needec�
"No Historic Properties Present" form for Minor Tansportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
NCDOT Archaeology & Historic Architecture Groups
12-10-0034
SUMMARY OF CULTURAL RESOURCES REVIEW
Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions:
Bridge No. 592 is northeast of Fairview and south of Black Mountain in the southeastern corner of
Buncombe County, North Carolina. The project area is plotted near the eastern edge of the Black
Mountain USGS 7.5' topographic quadrangle (Figure 1).
A map review and site file search was conducted at the Office of State Archaeology (OSA) on October
30, 2012. No previously recorded archaeological sites have been identified within or adjacent to the APE,
but one site (31BN925) is recorded within a mile radius of bridge. In addition, no existing National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP), State Study Listed (SL), Locally Designated (LD), Determined
Eligible (DE), or Surveyed Site (SS) properties are within or adjacent to the archaeological APE
according to the North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office online data base (HPOWEB 2012).
Topographic maps, USDA soil survey maps, aerial photographs (NC One Map), and historic maps (North
Carolina maps website) were utilized to gage environmental factors that may have contributed to
prehistoric or historic settlement within the project limits and to assess the level of ground disturbance.
An archaeological field and reconnaissance survey was conducted on November 6, 2012, to evaluate the
proj ect area.
Bridge No. 592 and SR 2785 cross Cane Creek roughly north to south (Figure 2). The stream drains
south and west to join eventually with the French Broad River. The project area is situated along the
Cane Creek floodplain, its stream terraces, and a hillside slope in the southeast quadrant (Figures 3-4).
On the north side of the bridge, the landscape of the APE is characterized as open with residential
properties and vegetable garden plots, while a forest encompass the entire area to the south. A storage
garage it the only structure near the APE south of the bridge, but it fall just outside of the project limits.
Overall, ground disturbance appears minimal. However, a large drainage ditch runs alongside SR 2785 in
the northwest quadrant.
A review of the USDA soil survey map indicates that the project area is composed of four soil series
(Figure 5). The floodplain is made up of the Rosman fine sandy loam (RsA) or the Dellwood-Reddies
soil complex (DeA). The Rosman series covers most of the APE and is described as a well drained soil
with slope of 3 percent or less. The Dellwood- Reddies complex is found at the eastern edge of the APE
and is moderately well drained sandy soils that also have a slope of 0 to 3 percent. Both series are subject
to occasional floods, but only for brief periods of less than two days out of the year. The stream terraces
to the north of the bridge are part of the Tate loam series (TaC). This series is well drained with a slope
of 8 to 15 percent. There is no hazard of flooding and soil erosion is slight. Typically, less than 25
percent of the original surface layer has been removed. These three series have a high potential of
yielding archaeological sites due to being fairly level, well drained, and close to fresh water. For these
reason, subsurface testing was required along the floodplain and stream terraces. The final series is the
Edneyville-Chestnut soil complex (EdF). This series consists of loamy soils located on the southeastern
hillside. It is considered well drained, but slope is very steep at 50 to 95 percent. Slope of 15 percent or
more is not suited for settlement activities and is generally not likely to yield significant archaeological
sites. No testing was carried out on this landform.
Only one previous archaeological investigation has been conducted in the vicinity of the bridge. This
investigation was performed by TRC Environment in 2008 for the proposed Cliffs at High Carolina
development project. The investigation resulted in the identification of only one site (31BN925). Site
31BN925 is a small prehistoric site dating to an unidenti�ed period. It yielded only quartz and quartzite
debitage along a terrace next to an unnamed tributary to Cane Creek. The site was determined to be
ineligible for the NRHP. Overall, additional investigations are needed in this area of the county in order
to draw any �rm conclusions on the predictability of site locations based upon previously recorded sites.
Since the current project area is situated on well drained soils along a floodplain and stream terraces,
"No Historic Properties PresenY' form for Minor Tansportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
NCDOT Archaeology & Historic Architecture Groups
12-10-0034
subsurface testing from the current investigation will provide data needed to predict future site location
and density models for the region.
The preliminary background check also includes a historic map review. Most early maps from the 18th
and 19th centuries provide only general details concerning the region illustrating just major roads and
settlements. It is not until the 20th century that more accurate maps are published. The 1902 Mt Mitchell
USGS topographic map is likely one of the first in which the project area can be located (Figure 6). This
map plots a road similar to SR 2785 with a crossing over Cane Creek near the current bridge location.
The map also illustrates no structures near the project area. Later maps such as the 1920 Buncombe
County soil survey map continues to show the same road lay-out with no major changes (Figure 7). As a
result of this review, it is very unlikely for significant deposits associated with former historic structures
to be impacted during the proposed bridge replacement.
The archaeological field investigation at Bridge No. 592 consisted of five STPs (see Figures 2 and 5). All
STPs were placed either along the floodplain or stream terraces with two each in the northeast and
southwest quadrants at 30-m intervals and only one in the southeast quadrant. No STPs were excavated
on hillside slope in excess of 15 percent, and none were dug in the northwest quadrant due to disturbance
from a wide ditch which occupied most of the project area in this section. STPs in the floodplain display
a surface layer of very dark grayish brown (lOYR 3/2) loam that is approximately 10 cm (4 in) thick. It is
followed by a dark yellowish brown (lOYR 4/4) loam that extends at least 50 cm (20 in) below the
surface. A rock layer was encountered beneath this stratum which prevented further excavations. The
stratigraphy along the stream terraces consists of an upper layer of yellowish brown (lOYR 5/4) loam
approximately 30 cm (12 in) thick. Below this is subsoil, which is a strong brown (7.SYR 5/8) clay. No
cultural material was identified at any of the STPs and attempts at a surface inspection fail due to poor
visibility. Results of the field investigation suggest that it is very unlikely for a significant site to be
impacted within project limits. This is mostly due to a lack of cultural material, but also to ground
disturbance in the northwest quadrant and slope in excess of 15 percent in the southeast.
The archaeological investigation for the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 592 is situated along the
Cane Creek floodplain, its stream terraces, and an adjacent hillside slope in the southeast. The
investigation suggests no significant archaeological sites are within the APE. The reconnaissance and
field survey identified soil disturbance to the northwest and steep slope to the southeast, which are
undesirable for intact or significant archaeological sites. Subsurface testing along the fairly level
floodplain and stream terraces produced no cultural material. In addition, the historic map review
suggests that no deposits associated with former structure are present as no historic features were
identified within the project limits. As long as impacts to the subsurface occur within the defined APE,
no further archaeological work is required for the replacement of Bridge No. 592 in Buncombe County.
If construction should affect subsurface areas beyond the defined APE, additional archaeological
consultation might be necessary.
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
See attached: Map(s), Previous Survey Info, Photos, Correspondence, Photocopy of notes from survey.
Signed:
�
C. Damon Jones
Cultural Resources Specialist, NCDOT
"No Historic Properties Present" form for Minor Tansportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
NCDOT Archaeology & Historic Architecture Groups
11/15/12
Date
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&+aek Mountarn, NC �
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Figure 1. Topographic Setting of Project Area, Black Mountain (1941; photorevised 1969), NC, USGS 7.5'
Topographic Quadrangle.
"No Hrstorrc Properfies PresenX" form,for Minor TransportaXion Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programniatic Agreement.
NCDOT Archaeology & Historrc Architecture Groups
4
12-10-0034
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Figure 2. Aerial photograph of the APE showing development, landforms, and STPs within the project area.
"No Historrc Properfies PresenX" form,for Minor TransportaXion Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programniafic Agreement.
NCDOT Archaeology & Historrc Architecture Groups
5
12-10-0034
Figure 3. Gcneral View of the floodplain and stream terraces within the project area, loolcing north.
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Figure 4. General View of the floodplain and hillside slope within the project area, loolcing south.
"No Historrc Properfies PresenX" form,for Minor TransportaXion Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programniatic Agreement.
NCDOT Archaeology & Historrc Architecture Groups
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B1.lncombe County Meters �
Figure 5. Aerial photograph of the APE showing development, soils, and STPs within the project area.
"No Historrc Properfies PresenX" form,for Minor TransportaXion Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programniatic Agreement.
NCDOT Archaeology & Historrc Architecture Groups
%
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Figure 7. The 1920 Buncombe Counry soil survey map showing the project area.
"No Historrc Properfies PresenX" form,for Minor TransportaXion Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programniatic Agreement.
NCDOT Archaeology & Historrc Architecture Groups
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