NC0005088_GW Assessment Plan_20160818

Proposed
Groundwater
Assessment P lan
Cliffside Steam Station
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area
Across the Broad River
Cleveland and Rutherford Counties, North Carolina

August 2016

Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC I Belews Creek Steam Station FGD Residue Landfill �1�
Proposed Work Plan: Additional Assessment of Groundwater Exceeciances J
This document has been reviewed for accuracy and quality
commensurate with the intended application.
Mark Filardi, L.G. William M. Miller, P.E.
Senior Geologist Senior Engineer

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Groundwater Assessment Plan:
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

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Contents
Section 1 – Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
Section 2 – Proposed Groundwater Assessment Plan ............................................................... 2
2.1 Monitoring Well Installation .......................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Well Installation Methods and Construction Requirements.................................... 3
2.1.2 Well Development ................................................................................................. 3
2.1.3 Well Survey .......................................................................................................... 4
2.1.4 Investigative Derived Waste .................................................................................. 5
2.1.5 Documentation ...................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Sample Collection and Analysis ................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Soil and Ash Sampling .......................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Groundwater Sampling ......................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Surface Water Sampling ....................................................................................... 9
2.2.4 AOW Identification and Sampling .......................................................................... 9
Section 3 – Proposed Quality Assurance Plan ..........................................................................10
3.1 Field Documentation ...................................................................................................10
3.1.1 Field Logbooks ....................................................................................................10
3.1.2 Field Data Records ..............................................................................................10
3.2 Laboratory Documentation ..........................................................................................11
3.3 Quality Control ............................................................................................................12
3.3.1 Field Duplicates ...................................................................................................12
3.3.2 Field Blanks .........................................................................................................12
3.3.3 Data Validation ....................................................................................................12
Section 4 – Reporting................................................................................................................13
Section 5 – Proposed Schedule for Assessment .......................................................................14

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Groundwater Assessment Plan:
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FIGURES
Figure 1 – Site Location Map
Figure 2 – Proposed Monitoring Well Location Map
Figure 3 – Shallow Monitoring Well Construction Details

TABLES
Table 1 – Proposed Monitoring Well Installation Plan
Table 2 – Soil and Ash Parameters and Constituent Analytical Methods
Table 3 – Groundwater Parameters and Constituent Analytical Methods
Table 4 – Proposed Schedule for Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the
Broad River

APPENDICES
Appendix A – “Additional Site Assessment Required” letter from Mr. S. Jay Zimmerman of
NCDEQ-DWR to Mr. Harry Sideris of Duke Energy, dated July 8, 2016
Appendix B – Low Flow Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Facilities, Ash Basin Groundwater
Assessment Program, North Carolina, June 10, 2015

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Groundwater Assessment Plan:
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

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Section 1 – Introduction
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke Energy) owns and operates the Cliffside Steam Station
(CSS) located in Mooresboro in Rutherford and Cleveland Counties, North Carolina (Figure 1).
CSS began operations in 1940 with Units 1 through 4. Unit 5 began operations in 1972 followed
by Unit 6 in 2012. Units 1 through 4 were retired from service in 2011 as part of Duke Energy’s
decommissioning and demolition program and were imploded in October 2015. Currently, only
Units 5 and 6 are in operation. Coal ash residue and other liquid discharges from CSS’s coal
combustion process have been disposed in the station’s ash basin system since its
construction. The ash basin system consists of the active ash basin, Units 1 through 4 inactive
ash basin, and Unit 5 inactive ash basin. Discharge from the active ash basin is permitted by the
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ)1 Division of Water Resources
(DWR) under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit
NC0005088.
On November 16, 2015, while conducting a field reconnaissance in preparation of a U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers site wetlands jurisdictional determination, Duke Energy personnel noticed
some raised areas on undeveloped land northwest of the Unit 5 Switchyard. This area is located
on the north side of the Broad River. Upon further investigation, Duke Energy personnel
determined that the raised areas exhibited visual characteristics of ash and reported the
identification of the historic ash disposal areas to NCDEQ on the same day. Subsequent to
reporting its presence, Duke Energy collected four solid-matrix samples from the areas and
confirmed that the sampled material was ash.
Additional hand auger borings were advanced to delineate the extent of ash. The results of this
investigation indicated that three ash areas were present northwest and west of the Switchyard
with estimated areas of 19,000 square feet (sq. ft.), 35,000 sq. ft., and 6,500 sq. ft., or a total of
1.38 acres. Ash thickness ranged from 3 feet to 8 feet within the three areas. Duke Energy
estimates the volume of ash placed in these areas to total approximately 11,000 cubic yards.
The NCDEQ issued a letter to Mr. Harry Sideris of Duke Energy, dated July 8, 2016, requiring
that additional assessment of this area be conducted in accordance with the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources Notice of Regulatory Requirements letter
dated August 13, 2014, and Coal Ash Management Act of 2014 (CAMA) and that site activities
shall follow the requirements under 15A NCAC 02L .0106(g). A copy of the NCDEQ letter is
included in Appendix A.
This Groundwater Assessment Plan (GAP) was developed to propose an assessment program
for characterizing coal combustion residuals (CCR) in the historical coal ash disposal areas,
herein referred to as the areas of interest (AOIs) described in the July 8, 2016, letter from
NCDEQ.

1 Prior to September 18, 2015, the NCDEQ was referred to as the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (NCDENR). Both naming conventions are used in this document, as appropriate.
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Section 2 – Proposed Groundwater Assessment
Plan
Duke Energy proposes to perform an additional groundwater assessment within the AOIs
located north of the Broad River and west of the switchyard at CSS. The purpose of the
additional assessment is to characterize the CCR found within the AOIs and to determine the
extent of potential groundwater and soil contamination associated with the CCR in AOIs. In
addition, surface water quality and areas of wetness (AOW), if present, will be assessed
pursuant to CAMA §130A-309.212.
Duke Energy proposes to conduct field sampling and laboratory analyses as described in the
following sections. After review of the results from these activities, Duke Energy will evaluate the
need for additional investigation, sampling, and analyses. This approach is further discussed in
Section 5.
2.1 Monitoring Well Installation
Duke Energy proposes to install a total of seven shallow monitoring wells to evaluate
groundwater flow direction and quality beneath the three AOIs as shown on Figure 2. Samples
of ash and soil will be collected for laboratory analyses during installation of the monitoring
wells. Six shallow wells are proposed within Areas 1, 2, and 3 as well as one additional shallow
well in a location upgradient of Area 3 to provide background groundwater quality data for
comparison. Total well depths are estimated to be approximately 60 feet below ground surface.
Well screens will be installed to bracket the water table at the time of installation. Approximate
well locations are provided in the table below. Note that steep slopes north of Area 1 are not
accessible for well installation.
Table 1 – Proposed Monitoring Well Installation Plan
PROPOSED WELL ID PROPOSED LOCATION PURPOSE FOR INSTALLATION
AD1-1 Central portion of Area 1 Groundwater flow and quality beneath
Area 1; collect ash and soil samples
AD2-1 Northeast portion of Area 2 Groundwater flow and quality beneath
Area 2; collect ash and soil samples
AD2-2 Southwest portion of Area 2 Groundwater flow and quality beneath
Area 2; collect ash and soil samples
AD2-3 Southeast portion of Area 2 Groundwater flow and quality beneath
Area 2; collect ash and soil samples
AD3-1 Northern portion of Area 3 Groundwater flow and quality beneath
Area 3; collect ash and soil samples
AD3-2 Southern portion of Area 3 Groundwater flow and quality beneath
Area 3; collect ash and soil samples
AD-BG-1 Background northwest of Area 3 Groundwater flow and background
groundwater quality

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2.1.1 Well Installation Methods and Construction Requirements
Monitoring wells will be installed using drilling equipment appropriate for terrain at the drill site.
The drilling equipment will be clean and free from dirt, debris, and contaminants. Drilling will be
conducted in accordance with appropriate standard-of-care for the specified drilling technology.
Drill crews will be trained and experienced using the specific drilling techniques and equipment.
Monitoring wells will be constructed by a North Carolina-licensed driller in accordance with the
NCDEQ Division of Water Quality standards as specified in 15A NCAC 02C and under the
direction of a North Carolina-licensed geologist. Bentonite-based or synthetic-based drilling
fluids are not anticipated for use during installation of the monitoring wells. Only water from the
actual boring or an approved source will be used for drilling. All storage containers used for
transportation or storage of the water will be new or properly decontaminated prior to use at the
site.
Decontamination of downhole drilling equipment (such as augers, drill rods, cutting heads, etc.)
will be completed between well locations. After completion of a well, a water pressure cleaner
will be used to decontaminate downhole tooling prior to reuse. If needed, brushes and water
from an approved source will be used to remove excess soil, mud, or other material from drilling
equipment. The decontamination water will be pumped into drums, other investigative derived
waste (IDW) containers, or directly to the ground surface away from the drilling location.
2.1.1.1 MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION
Shallow (single-cased) monitoring wells (S wells) will be installed to bracket the water table
encountered in unconsolidated material (i.e., regolith or overburden) at the time of drilling and a
10-foot to 15-foot screen will be installed. A single-cased well will be constructed with a 2-inch-
inner-diameter, Schedule 40 flush-joint-threaded PVC pipe fitted with a 20/40 (sand) pre-packed
PVC 0.010 slotted screen and a 2-inch-inner-diameter Schedule 40 PVC casing to the ground
surface. An additional filter pack (#2 sand) will be placed to at least 1 foot above the screen with
a minimum of 1-foot to 2-foot bentonite seal placed above the filter pack. The remaining annular
space will be grouted with a Portland cement-bentonite slurry to the ground surface using
positive displacement (i.e., tremie grout method). The monitoring well will be fitted with a
lockable well cap. For shallow monitoring well construction details see Figure 3.
2.1.1.2 MONITORING WELL SURFACE COMPLETION
Each well will be finished at the ground surface with a 2-foot by 2-foot concrete well pad and a
4-inch or 8-inch steel or aluminum above-grade lockable protective cover. All wells will be
locked with a keyed padlock. Bollards will be installed as needed to protect monitoring wells
from potential damage from vehicles and/or heavy equipment.
2.1.2 Well Development
Each monitoring well will be developed prior to commencing groundwater sampling activities.
Monitoring well development will be performed in general accordance with the following
procedures. Deviations from these procedures will be verified by the Project Manager prior to
implementation.
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1. Monitoring well development will not be performed until 24 hours have passed after well
completion to allow for grout/cement curing.
2. The duration of development, initial water level, well depth, development method (i.e.,
bailing, surging, pumping), and field parameter measurements (listed in item #4 below)
will be documented on a Well Development Record.
3. Monitoring wells will be developed using pumping and surging techniques. The wells will
be pumped using a centrifuge or submersible pump (Wahl, Monsoon, or equivalent) to
remove suspended particles and induce flow into the well to prevent clogging of the filter
pack. Wells that cannot be developed utilizing a pump due to insufficient volume may
use a bailer to evacuate the well. If it is determined by the developers that there is a
significant sediment slug at the bottom of the well, it can be removed using a foot valve
pump or bailer in lieu of the centrifugal or submersible pump. Once removed, well
development will continue with the centrifugal or submersible pump.
4. Field parameter measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential
(ORP), pH, temperature, specific conductivity, and turbidity will be recorded for every
5 gallons of discharge. A 5-gallon bucket can be used for purge water volume
measurements. For wells with slow recovery, field parameters will be checked every
2 gallons of discharge.
5. Pumping should begin at the top of the well screen with low pumping rates and
incrementally work down the screen. The well will be surged periodically by raising and
lowering the pump within the water column three to five times in succession, being
careful not to touch the bottom of the well with the pump. If turbidity values remain over
10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), the well will be allowed to equilibrate (90
percent or greater of the original static water level) and the process repeated.
6. Development will continue for a minimum of 1 hour or three well volumes (whichever
duration is longer) until turbidity is less than 10 NTUs and until monitoring parameters of
pH, temperature, conductivity, and turbidity are generally stabilized.
7. If development has continued past 3 hours and turbidity values remain in excess of
10 NTUs, the well should be allowed to equilibrate for 24 hours or 90 percent of the
original static water level, and the development process will be repeated until turbidity is
less than 10 NTUs. If NTUs do not reduce after multiple developments, the development
team will notify the Project Manager as soon as possible to discuss other options to
resolve current conditions, including reinstallation.
8. Following development, sounding the bottom of the well with a water level meter should
indicate a “hard” (sediment-free) bottom.
2.1.3 Well Survey
Newly installed monitoring wells will be surveyed for horizontal and vertical locations by a North
Carolina-licensed surveyor. The measuring points will include: 1) the top of the 2-inch PVC well
casing elevation, and 2) ground surface at each monitoring well in the groundwater monitoring
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network. The location and position accuracy will be approximately 1.0 foot for horizontal control,
0.1 foot for ground surface elevation, and 0.01 foot for well top-of-casing (TOC) elevation.
2.1.4 Investigative Derived Waste
IDW such as nitrile gloves, paper towels, and other miscellaneous waste generated during well
installation will be bagged, placed in a commercial dumpster, and managed as municipal solid
waste.
Soil cuttings generated during drilling will be spread near monitoring well locations so that it is
not a safety concern and seed/straw will be applied to aid in restoration. Water generated during
decontamination of equipment, monitoring well development, and sampling will be discharged to
the ground surface in the vicinity of the decontamination pad or monitoring well location.
Alternatively, cuttings and water may be stored in drums and properly disposed either on site or
off site.
2.1.5 Documentation
Documentation of field activities will be completed using a combination of log books and field
forms. Log books are completed to provide a general record of activities and events that occur
during daily tasks (e.g., detailed descriptions of subsurface media encountered and
observations made during boring installation). During well installation and development of the
monitoring wells, the following field forms will be used for documentation:
 Boring logs will be utilized to document lithology and details of boring advancement.
 Monitoring well construction logs will be utilized to detail final well construction details.
 Monitoring well development record forms will be utilized to document details of well
development for each newly installed monitoring well (see Section 2.1.2).
Duke Energy will submit a well construction record (NCDEQ Form GW -1) for newly installed
groundwater monitoring wells.
2.2 Sample Collection and Analysis
For this GAP, sampling will consist of collection and analysis of soil, ash, groundwater, surface
water, and AOW (if present) samples.
2.2.1 Soil and Ash Sampling
2.2.1.1 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Split-spoon (SPT) and disturbed sampling is proposed during installation of wells using a split-
spoon sampler driven 18 inches into the ground with an automatic 140-pound hammer. SPT will
be conducted at 5-foot intervals (3 feet between samples) for ash fill materials and the
underlying in-situ soils (e.g., 4 feet to 6 feet, 9 feet to 11 feet, 14 feet to 16 feet, 19 feet to 21
feet). After collection, the sampler will be opened and recovered material will be described in the
field in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS).
Soil samples will be collected below the ash/soil interface, but prior to auger refusal, to
characterize soil quality beneath the AOIs. Soil samples will be collected approximately 2 feet
below the ash/soil interface and approximately 8 feet to 10 feet below the ash/soil interface.
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For wells installed in areas within the footprint of the AOIs where ash thickness is greater than
5 feet, shallow and deep ash samples will be collected to evaluate variations in type (e.g., fly
ash or bottom ash) and chemical profile of the ash. Shallow ash samples will be collected from
the 1-foot to 2-foot intervals and deeper ash samples will be collected from the 1-foot to 2-foot
intervals overlying the ash/soil interface. The depth of deep ash samples is expected to vary
based on ash thickness at each specific well location.
2.2.1.2 CONSTITUENT ANALYSES
Duke Energy proposes to analyze soil and ash samples for parameters and constituents
consistent with those analyzed during the Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA) at CSS in
2015. The laboratory analytical methods employed will be consistent with the methods used
during the CSA. The soil analytical results will be compared to the North Carolina Preliminary
Soil Remediation Goals (PSRGs) for Industrial Health and Protection of Groundwater
Standards.
In addition, one ash sample collected from each of the three AOIs will be analyzed for leaching
potential using the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP). Results of SPLP
analyses will be compared to the North Carolina Groundwater Quality Standards as specified in
15A NCAC 2L.0202 (2L Standards) or Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration (IMAC)
established by NCDEQ pursuant to 15A NCAC 2L.0202(c), or North Carolina Department of
Health and Human Services (NCDHHS) Health Screening Level (HSL) (hexavalent chromium
only), although these samples do not represent groundwater samples. A list of proposed
parameters and constituents as well as proposed analytical methods is presented in the table
below.

Table 2 – Soil and Ash Parameters and Constituent Analytical Methods
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS UNITS METHOD
Aluminum mg/kg EPA 6010
Antimony mg/kg EPA 6020
Arsenic mg/kg EPA 6020
Barium mg/kg EPA 6010
Beryllium mg/kg EPA 6010
Boron mg/kg EPA 6010
Cadmium mg/kg EPA 6020
Chloride mg/kg EPA 9056
Chromium (Total) mg/kg EPA 6010
Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI) (low level) mg/kg EPA 3060
Cobalt mg/kg EPA 6020
Copper mg/kg EPA 6010
Iron mg/kg EPA 6010
Lead mg/kg EPA 6020
Manganese mg/kg EPA 6010
Mercury mg/kg EPA 7471
Molybdenum mg/kg EPA 6020
Nickel mg/kg EPA 6010
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Table 2 – Soil and Ash Parameters and Constituent Analytical Methods
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS UNITS METHOD
pH SU EPA 9045
Selenium mg/kg EPA 6020
Strontium mg/kg EPA 6020
Thallium (low level) mg/kg EPA 6020
Vanadium mg/kg EPA 6020
Zinc mg/kg EPA 6010
Calcium mg/kg EPA 6010
Magnesium mg/kg EPA 6010
Nitrate mg/kg EPA 9056
Nitrogen mg/kg EPA 353.2
Potassium mg/kg EPA 6010
Sodium mg/kg EPA 6020
Sulfate mg/kg EPA 9056
Total Organic Carbon mg/kg EPA 9060 Modified
Notes:
1. mg/kg – milligrams per kilogram
2. SU – standard units
3. Soil samples to be analyzed for Total Inorganics using the methods noted above.
4. Ash samples to be analyzed for Total Inorganics using the methods noted above; select ash samples will also be analyzed for
leaching potential using SPLP Extraction Method 1312 in conjunction with USEPA Methods 6010/6020. SPL P results to be
reported in units of µg/L for comparison to 2L Standards, IMACs, or DHHS HSL, as applicable.
2.2.2 Groundwater Sampling
2.2.3.1 GROUNDWATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
Prior to groundwater purging and sampling activities, a depth-to-water (DTW) measurement will
be measured in each well during a 24-hour to 48-hour period. Groundwater levels will be
measured using an electronic water level indicator that will be decontaminated between each
well prior to measurement activities. The DTW measurements will be referenced to the well
TOC mark established by a site survey and will provide data to generate a potentiometric
surface for the area.
2.2.3.2 GROUNDWATER PURGING AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Subsequent to well installation and development, groundwater samples will be collected from
each monitoring well using low flow sampling techniques as outlined in the Low Flow Sampling
Plan, Duke Energy Facilities, Ash Basin Groundwater Assessment Program, North Carolina,
June 10, 2015 (Low Flow Sampling Plan) (Appendix B) to minimize sampling error and prevent
cross contamination of samples.
Groundwater purging and sampling will be conducted using new or dedicated tubing for each
well. Bladder, peristaltic, and/or submersible pumps will be utilized to achieve minimum
drawdown.
Purge water will be pumped from the monitoring well into a flow-through cell, which will allow for
monitoring of field parameters using an YSI Professional Plus multi-parameter water quality
meter or similar instrument. Turbidity will be measured using a separate turbidity meter. Field
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parameters to be measured during purging and sampling will include pH, temperature, specific
conductivity, DO, ORP, and turbidity, and are listed below in Table 3.
2.2.3.3 CONSTITUENT ANALYSES
Pace Analytical Services, Inc. (Pace) or another laboratory certified in North Carolina will
analyze groundwater samples for the constituents and analytical methods listed in Table 3. The
record of groundwater analyses will include the methods used (by number), the extraction date
(if applicable), and the date of analysis. Data obtained from samples that are not analyzed
within the recommended holding times will be considered suspect and flagged accordingly. Any
deviation from approved methods will be adequately tested to ensure that the quality of the
results meets the performance specifications (e.g., detection limit, sensitivity, precision,
accuracy) of the reference method.

Table 3 – Groundwater Parameters and Constituent Analytical Methods
PARAMETER RL UNITS METHOD
FIELD PARAMETERS
pH NA SU Field Water Quality Meter
Specific Conductance NA S/cm Field Water Quality Meter
Temperature NA ºC Field Water Quality Meter
Dissolved Oxygen NA mg/L Field Water Quality Meter
Oxidation Reduction Potential NA mV Field Water Quality Meter
Turbidity NA NTU Field Water Quality Meter
Ferrous Iron NA mg/L Field Test Kit
INORGANICS
Aluminum 5 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Antimony 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Arsenic 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Barium 5 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Beryllium 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Boron 50 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Cadmium 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Chromium 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Hexavalent Chromium 0.07 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Cobalt 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Copper 0.005 mg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Iron 10 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Lead 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Manganese 5 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Mercury 0.2 µg/L EPA 245.1
Molybdenum 0.5 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Nickel 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Selenium 1 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Strontium 5 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Thallium (low level) 0.2 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Vanadium (low level) 0.3 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Zinc 5 µg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
ANIONS/CATIONS
Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 20 mg/L SM 2320B
Bicarbonate 20 mg/L SM 2320B
Calcium 0.01 mg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Carbonate 20 mg/L SM 2320B
Chloride 0.1 mg/L EPA 300.0
Magnesium 0.001 mg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Methane 0.1 mg/L RSK 175
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Table 3 – Groundwater Parameters and Constituent Analytical Methods
PARAMETER RL UNITS METHOD
Nitrate as Nitrogen 0.02 mg-N/L EPA 353.2
Potassium 0.1 mg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Sodium 0.05 mg/L EPA 200.7 or 200.8
Sulfate 0.1 mg/L EPA 300.0
Sulfide (as H2S) 0.05 mg/L SM4500S2-D
Total Dissolved Solids 25 mg/L SM 2540C
Total Organic Carbon 0.1 mg/L SM 5310B
Total Suspended Solids 2 mg/L SM 2540D
Notes:
1. Units: SU – standard units; S/cm – microsiemens per centimeter; ºC – degrees Celsius; mg/L – milligrams per liter; mV –
millivolts; NTU – Nephelometric Turbidity Unit; µg/L – microgram per liter; mg-N/L – milligrams nitrogen per liter.
2. RL is the laboratory analytical method reporting limit.
3. NA indicates not applicable.
4. Sulfide (as H2S) will be analyzed for groundwater samples only.
5. All EPA methods and RLs are at or below the respective 2L Standard for constituents with standards.
Sample preservation and handling will be conducted in accordance with the procedures
specified in 3.5.1 and 3.5.2 of the Low Flow Sampling Plan (Appendix B).
Decontamination will be conducted in accordance with the procedures specified in Appendix A
(Decontamination of Equipment Standard Operating Procedure) of the Low Flow Sampling Plan
(Appendix B).
2.2.3 Surface Water Sampling
If accessible from the bank of the Broad River, Duke Energy will collect three surface water
samples upstream, adjacent to, and downstream of the AOIs. Samples will be obtained using a
telescoping cup sampler and will be analyzed for the same list of parameters and constituents,
using the same laboratory analytical methods, as the groundwater samples (listed in Table 3).
2.2.4 AOW Identification and Sampling
Duke Energy will conduct a field reconnaissance of the riverbank downgradient of the AOIs to
identify AOWs. If identified and if flow is present, AOWs will be sampled and analyzed for the
same list of parameters, constituents, and laboratory methods as the groundwater samples
(listed in Table 3).

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Section 3 – Proposed Quality Assurance Plan
The Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) has been prepared to specify quality assurance/quality
control (QA/QC) procedures for collection, analysis, and evaluation of data that will be legally
and scientifically defensible. The QAP provides general information and references standard
operating procedures applicable to the analytical sampling program. This information includes
definitions and generic goals for data quality and required types and quantities of QA/QC
samples. The procedures address field documentation; sample handling, custody, and shipping;
instrument calibration and maintenance; auditing; data reduction, validation, and reporting;
corrective action requirements; and QC reporting specific to the analysis performed by the
NCDEQ-approved laboratory.
3.1 Field Documentation
Documentation of field activities will be completed using a combination of field log books, field
data records (FDRs), sample tracking systems, and sample custody records. The log books and
field data sheets will be completed to provide a general record of activities and events that occur
during each field task. Field data sheets and/or sample custody records are used to provide a
complete record of data collected during sampling.
3.1.1 Field Logbooks
Field logbooks will provide a daily hand-written account of field activities. The logbooks will be
hardcover books that are permanently bound. All entries will be made in indelible ink and
corrections will be made with a single line with the author initials and date. Each page of the
logbook will include the job number, date, and initials of the person completing the log. Partially
completed pages will have a line drawn through the unused portion at the end of each day with
the author’s initials. The following general information will be entered into the field logbooks:
 The date and time of each entry. The daily log will begin with a safety brief.
 A summary of important tasks or subtasks completed during the day.
 A description of field test completed in association with the daily task.
 A description of samples collected including documentation of any quality control
samples that were prepared (i.e., rinse blanks, duplicates, matrix spike, split samples,
etc.).
 Documentation of equipment maintenance and calibration activities.
 Documentation of equipment decontamination activities.
 Descriptions of deviations from the work plan.
3.1.2 Field Data Records
FDRs will contain sample collection and/or exploration details. A FDR will be completed each
time a field sample is collected. The goal of the FDR is to document exploration and sample
collection methods, materials, dates and times, and sample locations and identifiers. Field
measurements and observations associated with a given exploration or sample collection task
will be recorded on the FDRs. FDRs will be maintained throughout the field program in files that
become a permanent record of field program activities. A listing of FDRs is presented below.
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Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

11
Each FDR listed will not be required for each step-specific activity that may or may not be
required over the entire project. Examples of FDRs include:
 Groundwater Potentiometric Level Measurement Log
 Well Sampling/Low Flow Sampling Log
 Well Installation and Boring Log
 Well Development Record
 Field Instrument Calibration Record
3.2 Laboratory Documentation
A program of sample tracking and custody will be followed during sample handling activities in
both field and laboratory operations. This program will be designed to ensure that each sample
is accounted for at all times. The appropriate sampling and laboratory personnel will complete
sample FDRs, chain-of-custody records, and laboratory receipt sheets. Additional information
documented in the chain-of-custody may be required such as shipping information for samples
sent by courier.
Each sample container will typically have a label affixed to it and will be prepared prior to
sampling to include the following information:
 Sample location using a unique sample identification (i.e., AD2-2)
 Date and time collected
 Sampler identification
 Analyses requested and applicable preservative
The chain-of-custody (COC) will be initiated at the time of sample collection to provide record of
the following:
 Sample location (ID), number of containers corresponding to each sample, and sample
handling procedures
 Applicable preservatives and analyses requested
 Date and time of sample collection
 Name of sampler(s) and person(s) shipping the samples (if applicable)
 Date and time samples were relinquished (e.g., picked up by lab courier)
 If samples are shipped, a custody seal will be affixed to outside of each sample cooler
 Name(s) of those responsible for receiving the samples at the laboratory
COCs will be prepared by the field sampler who will be responsible for the care and integrity of
samples until they are properly relinquished to the laboratory or shipped.
Sampling containers will be packed in coolers to reduce movement during transport to the
laboratory. Styrofoam and bubble-pack may be used as packing materials, if needed. Ice will be
placed in the coolers. Paperwork (COC forms) will be placed in a separate, re-sealable, water-
tight, plastic bag within the cooler. A temperature blank provided by the laboratory will be placed
in each cooler, if required by the laboratory to verify the cooler was maintained at 4º Centigrade
(C) [+/- 2ºC] during sample transport. Custody seals will be placed across the lid and cooler-
body interface prior to shipment to or pick up by the laboratory.
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Cliffside Steam Station
Groundwater Assessment Plan:
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

12
3.3 Quality Control
Field QC samples are not included specifically as laboratory QC samples but are analyzed
when submitted to provide quality control data relative to the field sampling and sample
management procedures. Data for field QC samples will be reported with associated samples.
Field QA/QC samples will be analyzed for the same constituents as soil/ash or groundwater
samples (Tables 1 and 2) unless otherwise noted.
3.3.1 Field Duplicates
Field duplicates are two samples of the same matrix which are collected, to the extent possible,
from the same location at the same time using the same techniques. Field duplicates provide
information on the precision of the sampling and analysis process. Field duplicates will be
collected at a frequency of one duplicate for every 20 samples collected (per media). If the total
number of samples collected per media is less than 20, one field duplicate will be collected per
day, per media of sampling.
3.3.2 Field Blanks
Field blanks are prepared in the field to evaluate the potential for contamination of a sample by
site contaminants from a source not associated with the sample collected (examples include
dust or organic vapors). Analyte-free water provided by the laboratory will be brought to the field
by the sampling crew and transferred to the proper sample container for shipment along with the
other samples collected. One field blank sample will be collected per sampling day.
3.3.3 Data Validation
Data validation describes an analyte-specific and sample-specific process of evaluating that a
data set meets method, procedure, and contract requirements. Data review and validation will
be performed in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) National Functional Guidelines for Superfund Organic
Methods Data Review (USEPA 2014a) and the USEPA CLP National Functional Guidelines for
Inorganic Data Review (USEPA 2014b). Analytical data will be reviewed and validated at a rate
of 100 percent. Analytical results and qualifiers will be assessed using professional judgment to
determine the final quality and usability of the data. Examples of data validation qualifiers
include:
U The analyte was analyzed for, but was not detected to the method detection limit, and
was not quantifiable to the reporting limit.
J The result is an estimated quantity. The associated numerical value is the approximate
concentration of the analyte in the sample.
J+ The result is an estimated quantity, but the result may be biased high
J- The result is an estimated quantity, but the result may be biased low.
UJ The analyte was not detected; however, the result is estimated due to discrepancies in
meeting certain analyte-specific quality control criteria.
R The data are unusable. The sample results are rejected due to serious deficiencies in
meeting QC criteria. The analyte may or may not be present in the sample.
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Cliffside Steam Station
Groundwater Assessment Plan:
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

13
Section 4 – Reporting
As specified in the July 8, 2016, NCDEQ correspondence, the results of the work performed
under this GAP will be reported to the NCDEQ DWR as a CSA Addendum Report (Report). The
Report will present the findings of the ash and soil analyses, well installation, and groundwater
sampling activities and will be supported by applicable figures (e.g., chembox, potentiometric
surface, and isoconcentration figures) and tables (e.g., well construction, groundwater elevation,
and analytical tables) to summarize and interpret the results of the work associated with the
AOIs.
As discussed in Section 2, Duke Energy proposes to perform the activities described and to
collect and analyze samples of ash, soil, groundwater, surface water, and to identify and sample
AOWs as needed. After the initial review of the results from these activities, Duke Energy will
evaluate if additional investigation, sampling, and analyses are needed. These additional
assessment activities could include performing additional borings to collect soil samples at
greater depths or installation of additional groundwater monitoring wells to delineate the
horizontal and vertical extent of potential soil and groundwater contamination. Duke Energy
proposes to communicate the results of the initial review with the NCDEQ Regional Office prior
to conducting additional assessment activities.

Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Cliffside Steam Station
Groundwater Assessment Plan:
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

14
Section 5 – Proposed Schedule for Assessment
The schedule for completion of this scope of work is contingent on NCDEQ approval of the
proposed GAP. HDR proposes the following schedule for the assessment tasks (Table 4)
relative to receipt of authorization and Notice to Proceed (NTP) by Duke Energy procurement
and subsequent to NCDEQ approval of the proposed GAP.
Table 4 – Proposed Schedule for Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area
Across the Broad River
TASK PROPOSED COMPLETION DATE – AFTER APPROVAL BY
NCDEQ AND RECEIPT OF AUTHORIZATION AND NOTICE TO
PROCEED
Monitoring Well Installation 4 weeks
Sample Collection and Analysis 4 weeks after completion of well installation
Data Validation 2 weeks after receipt of laboratory analytical reports
Submittal of CSA Addendum Report 8 weeks after completion of data validation

Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Cliffside Steam Station
Groundwater Assessment Plan:
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

Figures

CLIFFSIDE CCPLANDFILLPERMIT #81-06
UNIT 5 INACTIVEASH BASIN
CLIFFSIDESTEAM STATION
UNIT 5
UNIT 6
UNITS 1-4INACTIVE ASH BASIN
ACTIVE ASH BASIN
ASHSTORAGE ASHSTORAGE
UNIT 5SWITCHYARD
MCGRAW RD
DUKE POWER RD
W O O D R D
MCC
O
M
B
S

R
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CHESTERFIELD RD
CHESTERFIELD RD
B R O A D R I V E R
S U C K C R E E K
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8 0 0
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8
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8 0 0
7 0 0
700
8 0 0
8 0 0
8 0 0
7 0 0
800
800
800
8 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
7 0 0
7 0 0
7 0 0
800
8 0 0
800
800
8 0 0
700
700
R U T H E R F O R D C O U N T Y
C L E V E L A N D C O U N T Y
P A T H : \\C L T -S R V 0 2 \G I S \P R O J E C T S \D U
K E _E N E R
G Y \A S H
B A S I N
\C
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O S S _R I V E R
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A P \M X D \F I G _1 _P R O P O S E D _M O N I T O R
I N
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A T I O N _S I T E _M A P .M
X D - U S E R : T L E O N
A R D - D A T E : 8 /5 /2 0 1 6
LegendArea of Interest
NOTES:1. AREAS OF INTEREST WERE DERIVED FROM A FIGURE OBTAINED FROM AMEC FOSTER WHEELER.2. ELEVATION CONTOURS ARE FROM NC DOT AND BASED ON NC FLOODPLAIN MAPPING PROGRAM LiDAR ELEVATIONS.3. ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY IS FROM NC ONEMAP GIS ONLINE SERVICE.
SITE LOCATION MAPDUKE ENERGY CAROLINAS, LLCCLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
CLEVELAND COUNTY AND RUTHERFORD COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
0 1,000 2,000
SCALE (FEET)DATE
FIGURE
AUGUST 2016
1
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Area 2:34,530 sq ftAsh Depth4'-6' Average8' Max
Area 1:18,734 sq ftAsh Depth3'-4' Average5' Max
Area 3:6,487 sq ftAsh Depth3' Max
7 4 0
730
720
7 1 0
700
6 9 0
720
710
700
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6 9 0
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M O N I T O R I N G _W E
L L _L O C A T I O N _M A P \M X D \F I G _2
_P R O P O S E D _M O N I T O R I N G _
W E L L
_L O C A T I O N _M A P .M X D - U S E R : T L E O N A R D - D A T E : 8 /5 /2 0 1 6
N
DATE
FIGURE
AUGUST 2016
2
PROPOSED MONITORING WELL LOCATION MAPDUKE ENERGY CAROLINAS, LLCCLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
CLEVELAND COUNTY AND RUTHERFORD COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
50 0 50 100SCALE (FEET)
Legend
Major Contour (10')Minor Contour (2')!AU Proposed Shallow Monitoring Well
!(Sample Locations (AMEC 2016)
Areas
NOTES:1. SAMPLE LOCATIONS AND AREAS OF INTEREST WERE DERIVED FROM A FIGURE OBTAINED FROM AMEC FOSTER WHEELER.2. ELEVATION CONTOURS ARE FROM TOPOGRAPHIC MAP GENERATED BY WSP FROM AERIAL IMAGERY COLLECTED APRIL 2014.3. ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY IS FROM NC ONEMAP GIS ONLINE SERVICE.
FLUSH -MOUNT STEEL
WELL PLUG
WELL MANHOLE COVER
(WITH WELL TAG 10 ATTACHED
TO CONCRETE IN MANHOLE 2'x2'X4' CONCRETE WELL PAD
DRILL V44'-DI4, WEEP HOLE
LOCKABLE WELL PLUG EXISTING GROUND
PROTECTIVE WELL VAULT
WITH LOCKING COVER
1-2' ABOVE CONCRETE PAD
AND WELL TAG ID ATTACHED
(2-FT MIN. HEIGHT)
2'x2'X4' CONCRETE WELL PAD
c
I
EXISTING GROUND
STEEL MANHOLE SKIRT
o
I
PORTAND CEMENT AND BENTONITE
_
GROUT MIX TO SURFACE
WELL CASING
(2-INCH DIA SCH. 40 PVC)
PORMND CEMENT AND BENTONITE
GROUT MIX TO SURFACE
8-INCH OR 10-INCH DIA.
BOREHOLE (FOR DEEP WELLS)
w
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i
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(2-INCH DIA. SCH. 40 PVC)
TYPICAL FLUSH —MOUNT WELL COVER
SCALE: NTS
4' SQUARE PROTECTIVE 4'0 ROUND
N
CASING (WITH LOCKING COVER PROTECTIVE STEEL BOLLARD
AND WELL TAG ID ATTACHED)
BENTONITE SEAL CHIPS OR PELLETS)
PVC CAP
v
I
TOP OF SCREEN AND PRE -PACK SAND (2Ox40)
a
2'x2' CONCRETE PAD-,,,,
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EXISTING GROUND SURFACE PVC RISER
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Q
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I
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';
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s:
413
TYPICAL PROTECTIVE BOLLARDS (PROFILE)
THREADED PVC CAP
SCALE: NTS
TYPICAL SHALLOW
MONITORING WELL (Single Cased)
SCALE: NTS
4-FT ")
PROTECTIVE WELL VAULT
WITH LOCKING COVER AND
WELL TAG ID ATTACHED
(2-FT MIN. HEIGHT)
C:
a
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v
((TN CAL)YELLOW
TYPICAL PROTECTIVE BOLLARDS (PLAN)
SCALE: NTS
NOTES:
1. MONITORING WELLS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 02C .0108 STANDARDS OF CONSTRUCTION: WELLS OTHER
THAN WATER SUPPLY.
2. WELL TAG IDS TO BE ATTACHED TO WELL PROTECTIVE COVER WITH MECHANICAL RIVETS.
3. PROTECTIVE BOLLARDS (CONE -TAPERED, FILLED WITH CONCRETE, AND PAINTED YELLOW) ARE TO BE INSTALLED AS NECESSARY.
4. SLOPE 2' X 2' CONCRETE PAD SURFACE UPWARD TO PROTECTIVE COVER TO PREVENT PONDING WATER.
S. WELL ID TO BE ETCHED IN 2' X 2' CONCRETE PAD.
6. ALL CONSTRUCTION MEASUREMENTS ARE APPROXIMATE.
SHALLOW MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
DUKE ENERGY CAROLINAS, LLC
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
CLEVELAND COUNTY AND RUTHERFORD COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
DATE
AUGUST 2016
FIGURE
3

Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Cliffside Steam Station
Groundwater Assessment Plan:
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

Appendix A
“Additional Site Assessment Required”
letter from Mr. S. Jay Zimmerman of
NCDEQ-DWR to Mr. Harry Sideris of
Duke Energy, dated July 8, 2016

Water Resources
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
PAT MCCRORY
Governor
DONALD R. VAN DER VAART
Secretary
S. JAY ZIMMERMAN
Director
July 8, 2016
Mr. Harry Sideris
Senior Vice President
Environment, Health, and Safety
Duke Energy
526 South Church Street
Mail Code EC3XP
Charlotte, NC 28202
Subject: Additional Site Assessment Required
James E. Rogers Energy Complex (Formerly Cliffside Steam Station)
NPDES Permit NC0005088 — Rutherford and Cleveland Counties
Roxboro Steam Electric Plant
NPDES Permit NC0003425 — Person County
W. H. Weatherspoon Power Plant
NPDES Permit NC0005363 — Robeson County
Dear Mr. Sideris:
The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality's Division of Water Resources (DWR)
requests Duke Energy (Duke) provide data and conduct additional site assessment as needed to
characterize the distribution of coal ash residuals (CCR) at confirmed and potential coal ash
disposal areas at the James E. Rogers Energy Complex, Roxboro Steam Electric Plant, and the
W.H. Weatherspoon Plant. Descriptions and approximate locations of these areas are provided
below.
The additional assessments shall be included as part of the on -going Comprehensive Site
Assessments (CSAs) for each of the subject facilities. Please be advised that these areas are to be
included in an updated Groundwater Assessment Plan (GAP) that conforms with the North
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Notice of Regulatory Requirements
letter dated August 13, 2014 and Comprehensive Coal Ash Management Act (CAMA). Site
activities shall follow the requirements under 15A NCAC 02L .0106(g). An assessment of surface
water quality for those areas that have impounded or flowing water shall also be conducted.
Area(s) of Wetness (AOW) related to these disposal areas should be assessed pursuant to CAMA
§ 130A-309.212.
State afNorth Carolina I Environmental Quality I Water Resources
1611 Mail service Center I Raleigh, North Caroline 21699-1611
919 707 9000

Additional Site Assessment Required
J u ly 8, 2016
The results of the characterization conducted to date in addition to pertinent historical records and
detailed plans for additional site assessments must provide adequate detail to allow technical
review of the proposed actions shall be provided to the DWR. GAPS are due to the DWR Central
Office and the appropriate DWR Regional Office no later than August 19, 2016. Results of related
investigations may be submitted as a CSA Addendum Report at a later date.
In addition to performing site assessment activities, facility site maps must be updated with the
revised waste boundaries and proposed compliance boundaries established according to 15A
NCAC 02L Section .0107. A letter requesting the approval of the new compliance boundaries
shall be submitted to the appropriate DWR Central Office later than August 19, 2016.
The following are background information and approximate locations of the identified areas at
each of the subject sites requiring additional assessment:
James E. Rogers Energy Complex
On November 16, 2015, Duke communicated orally to DWR that a historical coal ash disposal
area located was identified just north of the Broad River and west of the switchyard at the James
E. Rogers Energy Complex. Duke staff estimated the area to be approximately 3 acres in size, but
stated that the full extent of the area is unknown. The approximate location of the area is shown
below encircled. This area was not addressed in the Groundwater Assessment Plan (GAP),
Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA) report, or Corrective Action Plans (CAPS) submitted to
DWR. Characterization of CCR within the footprint of this disposal area was confirmed by Duke;
however, no data related to this disposal area has been provided to DWR at this time.
2 1 P a g e

Additional Site Assessment Required
July 8, 2016
Roxboro Steam Electric Plant
Area 1 —This area was discovered by Duke and presented orally to DWR during a joint meeting
on January 14, 2016. This area is located directly east of the East Ash Basin and was subsequently
named by DWR the "Unnamed Eastern Extension Basin" for purposes of prioritization ranking
according to the Coal Ash Management Act. This area shall also include the discharge canal that
runs north along the eastern side of the East Ash Basin. This area was not addressed in the GAP,
CSA report, or CAPs submitted to DWR. The approximate location of the area is shown below
encircled.
Area 2 — This area is located directly south of the West Ash Basin and encompasses the three
"fingers" of the dammed watershed and the drainage canal that runs north along the west side of
the West Ash Basin. The drainage canal should be assessed for the presence of coal ash and surface
water standards. Based on site visits and information presented in the CSA and CAP reports, DWR
suspects that coal ash may be present in this area. This area was not addressed in the GAP, CSA
report, or CAPS submitted to DWR. The approximate location of the areas is shown below
encircled.
3 1 P a g e

Additional Site Assessment Required
July 8, 2016
W. H. Weatherspoon Power Plant
Duke informed DWR orally at a joint meeting on October 21, 2015, that the cooling pond may
contain coal ash. Also, according to the CSA Report for the facility, the cooling pond is part of
the treatment process before the effluent is discharged through the NPDES outfall. This area was
not addressed in the GAP, CSA report, or CAPS submitted to DWR; however, Duke has stated that
an investigation is currently underway. The approximate location of the area is shown below
encircled.
4 1 P a g e

Additional Site Assessment Required
J u ly 8, 2016
BOUND/J!Y
WASTE
BWNUTRY
4
F:
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Steve Lanter at [phone].
Sincerely,
S. y erman, P.G., Director
Division of Water Resources
cc: Landon Davidson — Asheville Regional Office Supervisor
Danny Smith — Raleigh Regional Office Supervisor
Belinda Henson — Fayetteville Regional Office Supervisor
Jeff Poupart, DWR Water Quality Permitting Section Chief
WQROS Central File Copy
5 1 P a g e

Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC | Cliffside Steam Station
Groundwater Assessment Plan:
Additional Assessment of Coal Ash Disposal Area Across the Broad River

Appendix B
Low Flow Sampling Plan, Duke Energy
Facilities, Ash Basin Groundwater
Assessment Program, North Carolina,
June 10, 2015

Low Flow Sampling Plan
Duke Energy
Facilities
Ash Basin Groundwater Assessment Program
North Carolina
June 10, 2015

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Low Flow Sampling Plan ....................................................................................................... 1
1.0 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................. 1
3.0 PROCEDURES ....................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Pre-Job Preparation ............................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Water-Level Measurements ................................................................................................. 3
3.3 Well Purging ........................................................................................................................ 4
3.3.1 Low-Flow Well Purging ............................................................................................ 4
3.3.2 Volume-Averaging Well Purging .............................................................................. 8
3.4 Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 10
3.4.1 Low-Flow Sampling ............................................................................................... 10
3.4.2 Sampling after Volume-Averaging Purge ............................................................... 11
3.5 Sample Handling, Packing, and Shipping ..................................................................... 11
3.5.1 Handling ................................................................................................................ 11
3.5.2 Sample Labels ....................................................................................................... 11
3.5.3 Chain-of-Custody Record ...................................................................................... 12
3.6 Field Quality Control Samples ....................................................................................... 12
3.7 Field Logbook Documentation....................................................................................... 13
3.8 Decontamination and Waste Management ................................................................... 14
4.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 14
APPENDIX ADecontamination of Equipment SOP ................................................................... 15
1.0 Purpose & Application ...................................................................................................... 16
2.0 Equipment & Materials .......................................................................................................... 16
3.0 Procedure ............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1 Decontamination of Non-Disposable Sampling Equipment .......................................... 16
3.2 Decontamination of Field Instrumentation .................................................................... 16
3.3 Decontamination of Groundwater Sampling Equipment ............................................... 17
3.4 Materials from Decontamination Activities .................................................................... 17
APPENDIX BSampling Equipment Check List – Table 1.......................................................... 18
APPENDIX CField Logbook/Data Sheets ................................................................................. 20
Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
1.0 PURPOSE

1

1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this low flow sampling plan is to establish a standard operating
procedure (SOP) to describe collection procedures for groundwater samples from
monitoring wells using low-flow purging and sampling techniques or by the volume-
averaged purging and sampling method at Duke Energy Ash Basin Groundwater
Assessment Program facilities.

2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Potential hazards associated with the planned tasks shall be thoroughly evaluated prior
to conducting field activities. The Ready-To-Work Plan developed for each facility
provides, among other items, a description of potential hazards and associated safety
and control measures.
Sampling personnel must wear powder-free nitrile gloves or equivalent while
performing the procedures described in this SOP. Specifically, gloves must be worn
while preparing sample bottles, preparing and decontaminating sampling equipment,
collecting samples, and packing samples. At a minimum, gloves must be changed
prior to the collection of each sample, or as necessary to prevent the possibility of
cross-contamination with the sample, the sample bottles, or the sampling equipment.
Field sampling equipment shall be decontaminated in accordance with the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A) prior to use. Although sampling
should typically be conducted from least to most impacted location, field logistics may
necessitate other sample collection priorities. When sampling does not proceed from
least to most impacted location, precautions must be taken to ensure that appropriate
levels of decontamination are achieved.
An example of equipment needed to properly conduct low-flow purging and sampling or
volume- averaged groundwater purging and sampling is listed on the example checklist
in Table 1 (Appendix B).
If a portable generator is used to power the purge pump, it shall be attempted to be
located downwind of the well being sampling to avoid cross-contamination of the sample
with exhaust from the generator motor.

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.0 PROCEDURES

2

3.0 PROCEDURES

The following sections describe the general operating procedures and methods
associated with groundwater sampling. Any variation in these procedures must be
approved by the Project Manager (PM) and Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
Lead and must be fully documented. Field work cannot progress until deviations are
approved or resolved.
3.1 Pre-Job Preparation
The information listed below may be reviewed prior to sampling activities, if available,
and can be beneficial on-site for reference in the field as necessary:
• A list of the monitoring wells to be sampled;
• Information describing well location, using site-specific or topographic maps or
Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates and descriptions tied directly to
prominent field markers;
• A list of the analytical requirements for each sampling location;
• Boring logs and well construction details, if available;
• Survey data that identify the documented point of reference (V-notch or other
mark on well casing) for the collection of depth-to-groundwater and total well
depth measurements;
• Previous depth-to-groundwater measurements;
• Previous pump placement depths (dedicated pumps as well as portable pumps)
for each sampling location, if available;
• Previous pump settings and pumping and drawdown rates, if available; and
• Previous analytical results for each monitoring well, if known.
The information above is useful when determining the sampling order, pump intake
depth, and purge and recharge rates, and can facilitate troubleshooting.
The following activities should be completed prior to mobilizing to the site:
• Obtain equipment necessary for completing the sampling activities (see the
example checklist in Table 1).
• Ensure appropriate laboratory-provided bottles are available for both the required
analyses and for QC samples and that there has been thorough coordination with
the analytical laboratory.

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.0 PROCEDURES

3

• Obtain site-specific maps or GPS coordinates showing clearly marked
monitoring well locations or groundwater sample points.
• Review the project work control documents such as the Ready-To-Work Plan,
and appropriate SOPs in an effort to determine project-specific sampling
requirements, procedures, and goals.
• Verify that legal right-of-entry has been obtained and site access has been
granted, where required.
• Instruct the field team to avoid discussing project data with the public and to refer
questions to the Project Manager.
3.2 Water-Level Measurements

Prior to pump placement, an initial depth-to-water level and total well depth should be
measured. For monitoring wells screened across the water table, this measurement
shall be used to determine the required depth to the pump intake (typically, approximately
the mid-point of the saturated screen length for low-flow purging and sampling). The
procedure for measuring water levels may include the following:
1) Inspect the well head area for evidence of damage or disturbance. Record
notable observations in the field logbook.
2) Carefully open the protective outer cover of the monitoring well noting the
presence of bee hives and/or spiders, as these animals are frequently found
inside well covers. Remove any debris that has accumulated around the riser
near the well plug. If water is present above the top of the riser and well plug,
remove the water prior to opening the well plug. Do not open the well until the
water above the well head has been removed.
3) If practical, well plugs shall be left open for approximately five minutes to allow
the static water level to equilibrate before measuring the water level (if well plugs
are vented, then a waiting period is not applicable).
4) Using an electronic water-level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet, determine the
distance between the established point of reference (usually a V-notch or
indelible mark on the well riser) and the surface of the standing water present in
the well. Record these data in the field logbook. Repeat this measurement until
two successive readings agree to within 0.01 feet.
5) Using an electronic water-level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet, determine the
distance between the established point of reference (usually a V-notch or
indelible mark on the well riser) and the bottom of the well. Note that there
should not be considerable slack in the water-level indicator cable. Record
these data in the field logbook. Repeat this measurement until two successive
readings agree to within 0.01 feet.
6) If the monitoring well has the potential to contain non-aqueous phase liquids
(NAPLs), probe the well for these materials using an optical interface probe.
These wells will be attempted to be identified by the Project Manager prior to
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mobilizing to the well. If NAPL is present, consult the Project Manager for
direction on collecting samples for analysis. In general, do not collect
groundwater samples from monitoring wells containing NAPL.
7) Decontaminate the water-level indicator (and interface probe, if applicable)
and return the indicator to its clean protective casing.
3.3 Well Purging

Wells must be purged prior to sampling to ensure that representative groundwater is
obtained from the water-bearing unit. If the well has been previously sampled in
accordance with this sampling plan, then the depth to the pump intake and the pumping
rates should be duplicated to the extent possible during subsequent sampling events.

Section 3.3.1 provides a description of low-flow well purging, and Section 3.3.2 provides
a description of volume-averaging well purging (in the case it’s needed).

3.3.1 Low-Flow Well Purging

Adjustable-rate peristaltic, bladder and electric submersible pumps are preferred for use
during low-flow purging and sampling activities. Since purging and sampling are joined
together as one continuous operation, care will be given to pump selection as it applies
to the specific well conditions and analytes to be tested. Note that a ball valve (or similar
valve constructed of polyethylene) may need to be installed to reduce the flow rate to the
required level. The low-flow purging and sampling guidance is provided below:
1) Using the specific details of well construction and current water-level
measurement, determine the pump intake set depth (typically the approximate
mid-point of the saturated well screen or other target sample collection depth
adjacent to specific high-yield zones).
2) Attach tubing and supporting rope (if applicable) to the pump and very slowly
lower the unit until the pump intake depth is reached. Measure the length of
supporting rope required, taking into account the pump length, to attain the
required depth. Record the depth to the pump intake in the field logbook.
Notes: 1) Sampling shall use new certified-clean disposable tubing. 2)
Rope shall be clean, unused, dedicated nylon rope. If a pump is to remain
in a well as part of a separate monitoring program, then the rope shall be
suspended within the well above the water column for future use. If the
pump is removed after sample collection, the rope shall be disposed.
3) After allowing time for the water level to equilibrate, slowly lower the electronic
water-level probe into the well until the probe contacts the groundwater. Record
the water level in the field logbook.

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4) If the well has been previously sampled using low-flow purging and sampling
methods, begin purging at the rate known to induce minimal drawdown.
Frequently check the drawdown rate to verify that minimum drawdown is being
maintained. If results from the previous sampling event are not known, begin
purging the well at the minimum pumping rate of approximately 100 milliliters per
minute (mL/min) (EPA, July 1996). Slowly increase the pumping rate to a level
that does not cause the well to drawdown more than about 0.3 feet, if possible.
Never increase the pumping rate to a level in excess of 500 mL/min
(approximately 0.13 gallon per minute [gpm]). Record the stabilized flow rate,
drawdown, and time on the field data sheets.
5) If the drawdown does not stabilize at 100 mL/min (0.026 gpm), continue pumping.
However, in general, do not draw down the water level more than approximately
25% of the distance between the static water level and pump intake depth
(American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM], 2011). If the recharge rate
of the well is lower than the minimum pumping rate but the drawdown is less
than 25% of the distance between the static water level and pump intake depth
after three volumes of well water are removed, then collect samples at this point
even though indicator field parameters have not stabilized (EPA, July 1996).
Commence sampling as soon as the water level has recovered sufficiently to
collect the required sample volumes. Otherwise, the Volume-Averaging Well
Purging method should be considered.Allow the pump to remain undisturbed in
the well during this recovery period to minimize the turbidity of the water samples.
Fully document the pump settings, pumping rate, drawdown, and field parameter
readings on the Well Sampling / MicroPurge (Low Flow) Log in the field logbook.
Note: For wells that either have very slow recharge rates, that draw down
excessively (more than 25% of the distance between the static water level and
pump intake depth) at the minimum pumping rate (100 mL/min or 0.026 gpm), or
require a higher pumping rate (greater than 500 mL/min or 0.13 gpm) to maintain
purging, the procedures described above may not apply. For these “special case”
wells, the Field Team Leader shall seek guidance from the Project Manager about
the appropriate purging and sampling methodologies to be employed (such as
volume-averaged purging and sampling described in Section 3.3.2).
6) Once an acceptable flow rate has been established, begin monitoring designated
indicator field parameters. Indicator parameters are pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity. Although not considered purge stabilization
parameters, temperature and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) will be
recorded during purging. Base the frequency of the measurements on the time
required to completely evacuate one volume of the flow through the cell to ensure
that independent measurements are made. For example, a 500-mL cell in a
system pumped at a rate of 100 mL/min is evacuated in five minutes; accordingly,
measurements are made and recorded on the field data form (Appendix C)
approximately five minutes apart.
Indicator parameters have stabilized when three consecutive readings, taken
at three to five-minute intervals, meet the following criteria (EPA, March
2013):
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• pH ± 0.1 standard unit
• Specific Conductance ± 5% in µS/cm
• DO ± 0.2 mg/L or 10% saturation
• Turbidity less than 10 NTUs

The target for monitoring turbidity is readings less than ten nephelometric
turbidity units (NTUs). In some instances, turbidity levels may exceed the
desired turbidity level due to natural aquifer conditions (EPA, April 1996).
When these conditions are encountered, the following guidelines shall be
considered.

• If turbidity readings are slightly above 10 NTU, but trending downward,
purging and monitoring shall continue.
• If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTU and have stabilized to within
10% during three successive readings, attempt to contact the Project
Manager prior to collecting the groundwater sample.
• If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTU and are not stable, well sampling
shall be based upon stabilization of more critical indicator parameters (such as
dissolved oxygen) without attainment of the targeted turbidity. Attempt to
contact the Project Manger if this condition is encountered prior to collecting
the groundwater sample.
• If after 5 well volumes or two hours of purging (whichever is achieved first),
critical indicator field parameters have not stabilized, discontinue purging and
collect samples. Fully document efforts used to stabilize the parameters
(such as modified pumping rates).

Note: While every effort should be taken to ensure that indicator parameters
stabilize, some indicator parameters are more critical with respect to certain
contaminant types. It is important to identify which indicator parameters are most
important to the project prior to commencement of field activities so that
unnecessarily protracted purge times can be avoided. For example, the critical
indicator parameter associated with metals is turbidity. While it is desirable to
sample wells when turbidity measurements are less than 5 NTU, Duke Energy
recognizes that these values may not be attainable. Duke Energy, and its sub-
consultants, have taken multiple steps (e.g., use of pre-packed screens, carefully
selected sand pack, etc.) to alleviate the potential for elevated turbidity in newly
installed wells. However, even with these conservative and targeted well
installation specifications, other naturally occurring conditions (e.g., iron
fluctuation) may prevent sampling of wells at turbidity values less than 5 NTU.
Following sample collection and laboratory data evaluation, Duke Energy may
review these data with respect to turbidity values to determine if additional well
development is needed or if well construction has affected groundwater
conditions. It may be necessary to redevelop wells from time to time to minimize
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sample turbidity. Fine silt and clay can collect at the base of a well over time.
The effect on future sampling events can be reduced by lowering the tubing or
pump to the bottom of the well (after all the groundwater samples have been
collected) and pumping until the purge water from the bottom of the well screen
is clear.
Note: If purging of a well does not result in turbidity measurements of 10 NTU or
less, the field sampler shall alert the Project Manager. The sampling team will
assess options to reduce the turbidity as soon as possible.
There are a variety of water-quality meters available that measure the water
quality parameters identified above. A multi-parameter meter capable of
measuring each of the water quality parameters referenced previously (except for
turbidity) in one flow-through cell is required. Turbidity shall be measured using
a separate turbidity meter or prior to flow into the flow through cell using an
inline T-valve, if using one multi-meter during purging. The water quality meter
(and turbidity meter) shall be calibrated as per manufacturer’s instructions.
Calibration procedures shall be documented in the project field logbook including
calibration solutions used, expiration date(s), lot numbers, and calibration results.

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3.3.2 Volume-Averaging Well Purging

For wells that either have very slow recharge rates, that draw down excessively at the
minimum pumping rate (100 mL/min or 0.026 gpm), or require a higher pumping rate
(greater than 500 mL/min or 0.13 gpm) to maintain purging (i.e., low-flow well purging
and sampling is not appropriate), the volume-averaging well purging and sampling
method may be used. The Field Team Leader shall seek approval from the Project
Manager before utilizing the volume-averaging method instead of the low-flow method.
3.3.2.1 CALCULATE PURGE VOLUMES

Based on the depth-to-water (DTW) and total depth (TD) measurements, the volume
of standing water in the well must be calculated using the following procedures.

1) Subtract DTW from TD to calculate the length of the standing water column (Lwc)
in the well.
ܶܦ െ ܦܹܶ ൌ ܮ௪௖

2) Multiply the length of the standing water column by the volume calculation
(gallon per linear foot of depth) based on the inner casing diameter (see
example list below) to determine the total standing water volume; this represents
one well volume.
ܸ௪ = ܮ௪௖ ൈ2ߨݎଶ

1-inch well = 0.041 gallon per linear foot
2-inch well = 0.163 gallon per linear foot
4-inch well = 0.653 gallon per linear foot
6-inch well = 1.469 gallons per linear foot
8-inch well = 2.611 gallons per linear foot

3) Multiply the well volume calculated in the previous step by three and five to obtain
the approximate respective total purge volume (the target purge volume is
between three and five standing well volumes). For wells with multiple casing
diameters (such as open bedrock holes), calculate the volume for each segment.
Take the sum of the values and multiply by three and five to determine the
minimum and maximum purge volumes, respectively.
4) Fully document the volume calculation in the field logbook or on the Groundwater
Sampling Field Sheets.

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3.3.2.2 PURGE THE MONITORING WELL

Determine the appropriate pump to be used for purging—the preferred and most
commonly used methods involve the use of a surface centrifugal or peristaltic pump
whenever the head difference between the sampling location and the water level is less
than the limit of suction and the volume to be removed is reasonably small. Where the
water level is below the limit of suction or there is a large volume of water to be purged,
use the variable speed electric submersible pump as the pump of choice (EPA, 2013).
In some cases (shallow wells with small purge volumes), purging with a bladder pump
may be appropriate. Once the proper pump has been selected:
1) Set the pump immediately above the top of the well screen or approximately three
to five feet below the top of the water table (EPA, 2013).
2) Lower the pump if the water level drops during purging.
Note: Use new certified-clean disposable tubing for purging and sampling.

Note: Although volume-averaged sampling involves purging a specified volume of
water (such as three to five well volumes) rather than basing purge completion on
the stabilization of water quality indicator parameters, measuring and recording
water-quality indicator parameters during purging provides information that can be
used for assessment and remedial decision-making purposes. Indicator
parameters are pH, specific conductance, DO, and turbidity as described in
Section 3.3.1. Temperature and ORP will also be recorded during purging.

3) During well purging, monitor the discharge rate using a graduated cylinder or
other measuring device, water-quality indicator parameters (if desired), and DTW
as follows:

• Initially, within approximately three minutes of startup,
• Approximately after each well volume is purged, and then
• Before purge completion.

4) Record pump discharge rates (mL/ min or gpm) and pump settings in the field
logbook. Also, record any changes in the pump settings and the time at which
the changes were made.

5) Maintain low pumping rates to avoid overpumping or pumping the well to dryness,
if possible. If necessary, adjust pumping rates, pump set depth, or extend
pumping times to remove the desired volume of water.

6) Upon reaching the desired purge water volume, turn off the purge pump. Do not
allow the water contained in the pump tubing to drain back into the well when the
pump is turned off. Use an inline check valve or similar device, or if using a
peristaltic pump, remove the tubing from the well prior to turning off the pump. It is
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preferred to collect samples within two hours of purging, but acceptable for
collection up to 24 hours of purging. Do not collect samples after 24 hours of
purging.

Note: The removal of three to five well volumes may not be practical in wells
with slow recovery rates. If a well is pumped to near dryness at a rate less than
1.9 L/min (0.5 gpm), the well shall be allowed to completely recover prior to
sampling. If necessary, the two-hour limit may be exceeded to allow for sufficient
recovery, but samples should be collected within 24 hours of purge completion.

3.4 Sampling

3.4.1 Low-Flow Sampling

Following are the procedures for the collection of low-flow groundwater samples.
These procedures apply to sample collection for unfiltered and filtered samples
using a 0.45 micron filter. See Appendix A for use of 0.1 micron filtered samples.

1) Record the final pump settings in the field logbook prior to sample collection.
2) Measure and record the indicator parameter readings prior to sample collection
on both the stabilization form and in the field logbook.
3) Record comments pertinent to the appearance (color, floc, turbid) and obvious
odors (such as sulfur odor or petroleum hydrocarbons odor) associated with the
water.
4) Arrange and label necessary sample bottles and ensure that preservatives are
added, as required. Include a unique sample number, time and date of sampling,
the initials of the sampler, and the requested analysis on the label. Additionally,
provide information pertinent to the preservation materials or chemicals used in
the sample.
5) Collect samples directly from pump tubing prior to the flow-through cell or via the
in-line T-valve used for turbidity measurements (as described Section 3.3.1 (6)
above). Ensure that the sampling tubing remains filled during sampling and
attempt to prevent water from descending back into the well. Minimize turbulence
when filling sample containers, by allowing the liquid to run gently down the inside
of the bottle. Fill the labeled sample bottles in the following order:
• Metals and Radionuclides,
• Filtered Metals and Radionuclides, if required, and then
• Other water-quality parameters.

6) Seal each sample and place the sample on ice in a cooler to maintain sample
temperature preservation requirements.
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7) Note the sample identification and sample collection time in field logbook and on
Chain-of-Custody form.
8) Once sampling is complete, retrieve the sample pump and associated sampling
equipment and decontaminate in accordance with procedures outlined in the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A).
9) Close and secure the well. Clean up and remove debris left from the sampling
event. Be sure that investigation-derived wastes are properly containerized and
labeled, if applicable.
10) Review sampling records for completeness. Add additional notes as necessary.

3.4.2 Sampling after Volume-Averaging Purge

The procedures described below are for the collection of groundwater samples after a
volume-averaged purge has been conducted. Volume- averaging purge methods are
described in Section 3.3.2.

1) If sampling with a pump, care shall be taken to minimize purge water
descending back into the well through the pump tubing. Minimize turbulence
when filling sample containers by allowing the liquid to run gently down the
inside of the bottle. Fill the labeled sample bottles in the following order:
• Metals and Radionuclides,
• Filtered Metals and Radionuclides, if required, and then
• Other water-quality parameters.
2) If sampling with a bailer, slowly lower a clean, disposable bailer through the
fluid surface. Retrieve the bailer and fill the sample bottles as described
above. Care shall be taken to minimize disturbing the sample during
collection.
3.5 Sample Handling, Packing, and Shipping

Samples shall be marked, labeled, packaged, and shipped in accordance with the sections
outline below.
3.5.1 Handling
The samples will be stored in coolers for transport to the site. Collected samples will be
placed on ice in the sampling coolers for pickup or transport to the laboratory for
analysis.
3.5.2 Sample Labels
All sample containers will be new, laboratory cleaned and certified bottles. The bottles
will be properly labeled for identification and will include the following information:
• Project Site/ID
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• Sample identifier (Well ID)
• Name or initials of sampler(s)
• Date and time of collection
• Analysis parameter(s)/method
• Preservative
3.5.3 Chain-of-Custody Record
Sample transport and handling will be strictly controlled to prevent sample
contamination. Chain-of-Custody control for all samples will consist of the following:
• Sample containers will be securely placed in coolers (iced) and will remain
under the supervision of project personnel until transfer of the samples to the
laboratory for analysis has occurred.
• Upon delivery to the laboratory, the laboratory director or his designee will sign
the Chain-of-Custody control forms and formally receive the samples. The
laboratory will ensure that proper refrigeration of the samples is maintained.
The Chain-of-Custody document contains information which may include:
• Client name
• Client project name
• Client contact
• Client address
• Client phone/fax number
• Sampler(s) name and signature
• Signature of person involved in the chain of possession
• Inclusive dates of possession
• Sample identification
• Sample number
• Date & time of collection
• Matrix
• Type of container and preservative
• Number of containers
• Sample type - grab or composite
• Analysis parameter(s)/ method
• Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening in the laboratory
3.6 Field Quality Control Samples
Field quality control involves the routine collection and analysis of QC blanks to verify that
the sample collection and handling processes have not impaired the quality of the
samples.
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• Equipment Blank – The equipment blank is a sample of deionized water, which
is taken to the field and used as rinse water for sampling equipment. The
equipment blank is prepared like the actual samples and returned to the
laboratory for identical analysis. An equipment blank is used to determine if
certain field sampling or cleaning procedures result in cross-contamination of site
samples or if atmospheric contamination has occurred. One equipment blank
sample will be prepared per day or per 20 groundwater samples, whichever is
more frequent.
Field and laboratory QA/QC also involves the routine collection and analysis of
duplicate field samples. These samples are collected at a minimum rate of
approximately one per 20 groundwater samples per sample event. A field duplicate is a
replicate sample prepared at the sampling locations from equal portions of all sample
aliquots combined to make the sample. Both the field duplicate and the sample are
collected at the same time, in the same container type, preserved in the same way, and
analyzed by the same laboratory as a measure of sampling and analytical precision.
3.7 Field Logbook Documentation

Field logbooks shall be maintained by the Field Team Leader to record daily activities.
The field logbook may include the following information for each well:
• Well identification number
• Well depth
• Static water level depth
• Presence of immiscible layers (yes – no)
• Estimated well yield, if known
• Purge volume and purge pumping rate
• Time well purge began and ended
• Well evacuation procedure and equipment
• Field analysis data
• Climatic conditions including air temperature
• Field observations on sampling event
• Well location
• Name of collector(s)
• Date and time of sample collection
• Sampling procedure
• Sampling equipment
• Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers
• Preservative used

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14

The Field Team Leader shall review the field logbook entries for completeness and
accuracy. The Field Team Leader is responsible for completion of the required data
collection forms. Example field logs are in Appendix C.
3.8 Decontamination and Waste Management

Sampling equipment decontamination shall be performed in a manner consistent with
the Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A). Decontamination procedures
shall be documented in the field logbook. Investigation-derived wastes produced
during sampling or decontamination shall be managed in accordance with State and
Station-specific rules for disposal of wastes.
4.0 REFERENCES

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard Practice for Low-Flow
Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality
Investigations, D 6771-02. 2011.
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste - Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846), Third
Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Update I, II, IIA, IIB, III, IIIA, IVA and
IVB.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and
Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Ground Water Issue,
“Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown Sampling Procedures). Document Number EPA/540/S-
95/504,” April 1996.
U.S. EPA. Region 4, Groundwater Sampling Operating Procedure. Document Number
SESDPROC-301-R3, November 2013.
U.S. EPA. Region I, Low Stress (Low Flow) Purging and Sampling Procedure for the
Collection of Ground Water Samples from Monitoring Wells, Revision 2, July 1996.
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Decontamination of Equipment SOP

15

A
Decontamination of
Equipment SOP

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Purpose & Application

16

1.0 Purpose & Application
This procedure describes techniques meant to produce acceptable decontamination of
equipment used in field investigation and sampling activities. Variations from this SOP
should be approved by the Project Manager prior to implementation and a description of
the variance documented in the field logbook.
2.0 Equipment & Materials
• Decontamination water,
• Alconox detergent or equivalent non-phosphate detergent
• Test tube brush or equivalent
• 5-gallon bucket(s)
• Aluminum foil
• Pump
3.0 Procedure
3.1 Decontamination of Non-Disposable Sampling Equipment
Decontamination of non-disposable sampling equipment used to collect samples for
chemical analyses will be conducted prior to each sampling as described below. Larger
items may be decontaminated at the decontamination pad. Smaller items may be
decontaminated over 5-gallon buckets. Wastewater will be disposed in accordance with
applicable State and Station-specific requirements.
1. Alconox detergent or equivalent and water will be used to scrub the equipment.
2. Equipment will be first rinsed with water and then rinsed with distilled/deionized
water.
3. Equipment will be air dried on plastic sheeting.
4. After drying, exposed ends of equipment will be wrapped or covered with
aluminum foil for transport and handling.
3.2 Decontamination of Field Instrumentation
Field instrumentation (such as interface probes, water quality meters, etc.) will be
decontaminated between sample locations by rinsing with deionized or distilled water. If
visible contamination still exists on the equipment after the rinse, an Alconox (or
equivalent) detergent scrub will be added and the probe thoroughly rinsed again.
Decontamination of probes and meters will take place in a 5-gallon bucket. The
decontamination water will be handled and disposed in accordance with applicable
State and Station-specific requirements.
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3.3 Decontamination of Groundwater Sampling Equipment
Non-disposable groundwater sampling equipment, including the pump, support cable
and electrical wires in contact with the sample will be thoroughly decontaminated as
described below:
1. As a pre-rinse, the pump will be operated in a deep basin containing 8 to 10
gallons of water. Other equipment will be flushed with water.
2. The pump will be washed by operating it in a deep basin containing phosphate-
free detergent solution, such as Alconox, and other equipment will be flushed
with a fresh detergent solution. Detergent will be used sparingly, as needed.
3. Afterwards, the pump will be rinsed by operating it in a deep basin of water and
other equipment will be flushed with water.
4. The pump will then be disassembled and washed in a deep basin containing
non-phosphate detergent solution. All pump parts will be scrubbed with a test
tube brush or equivalent.
5. Pump parts will be first rinsed with water and then rinsed with distilled/deionized
water.
6. For a bladder pump, the disposable bladder will be replaced with a new one for
each well and the pump reassembled.
7. The decontamination water will be disposed of properly.
3.4 Materials from Decontamination Activities
All wastewater and PPE generated from decontamination activities will be handled and
disposed in accordance with applicable State and Station-specific requirements.

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Sampling Equipment Check List – Table 1

18

B
Sampling Equipment
Check List – Table 1

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Sampling Equipment Check List – Table 1

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Table 1: Suggested Groundwater Sampling Equipment & Material Checklist
Item Description Check
Health & Safety
Nitrile gloves
Hard hat
Steel-toed boots
Hearing protection
Field first-aid kit
Fire Extinguisher
Eyewash
Safety glasses
Respirator and cartridges (if necessary)
Saranex™/Tyvek® suits and booties (if necessary)
Paperwork
Health and Safety Plan
Project work control documents
Well construction data, location map, field data from previous sampling events
Chain-of-custody forms and custody seals
Field logbook
Measuring Equipment
Flow measurement supplies (for example, graduated cylinder and stop watch)
Electronic water-level indicator capable of detecting non-aqueous phase liquid
Sampling Equipment
GPS device
Monitoring well keys
Tools for well access (for example, socket set, wrench, screw driver, T-wrench)
Laboratory-supplied certified-clean bottles, preserved by laboratory (if necessary)
Appropriate trip blanks and high-quality blank water
Sample filtration device and filters
Submersible pump, peristaltic pump, or other appropriate pump
Appropriate sample and air line tubing (Silastic®, Teflon®, Tygon®, or equivalent)
Stainless steel clamps to attach sample lines to pump
Pump controller and power supply
Oil-less air compressor, air line leads, and end fittings (if using bladder pump)
In-line groundwater parameter monitoring device (for example, YSI-556 Multi-
Parameter or Horiba U-52 water quality meter)

Turbidity meter
Bailer
Calibration standards for monitoring devices

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Field Logbook/Data Sheets

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C
Field Logbook/Data
Sheets

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Field Logbook/Data Sheets

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Groundwater Potentiometric Level Measurement Log

Well Number Time
Depth to
Water
(ft)*
Depth to
Bottom
(ft)*
Water
Column
Thickness
(ft)
Reference
Point
Elevation
(ft, MSL)
Potentiometric
Elevation (ft,
MSL)
Remarks

Field Personnel: Checked By:
* - Measurements are referenced from the top of the PVC inner casing (TOC) for each respective monitoring well. TOCs
shall be surveyed by a Professional Land Surveyor and referenced to NAVD88.

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Field Logbook/Data Sheets

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Well Sampling / MicroPurge Log
Project Name: Sheet: of
Well Number: Date:
Well Diameter:
Top of Casing Elevation (ft, MSL): Pump Intake Depth (ft):
Total Well Depth (ft): Recharge Rate (sec):
Initial Depth to Water (ft): Discharge Rate (sec):
Water Column Thickness (ft): Controller Settings:
Water Column Elevation (ft, MSL): Purging Time Initiated:
1 Well Volume (gal): Purging Time Completed:
3 Well Volumes (gal): Total Gallons Purged:
WELL PURGING RECORD
Time
Volume
Purged
(gallons)
Flow Rate
(mL/min)
Depth to
Water (ft)
Temperature
(°C)
pH
(s.u.)
Specific
Conductance
(mS/cm)
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/L)
ORP
(mV)
Turbidity
(NTU) Comments

Stabilization
Criteria
Min. 1 Well
Volume + 3°C + 0.1 + 3% + 10% + 10
mV
< 5 NTU or + 10
% if > 5 NTU

GROUNDWATER SAMPLING RECORD
Sample
Number
Collection
Time Parameter Container

Preservative

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Field Logbook/Data Sheets

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DAILY FIELD REPORT

Project Name:
Field Manager: Field Personnel: Date:
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