20181192_Purpose and Need Statement - May 2011_20151201

PURPOSE AND NEED STATEMENT
For
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
Triangle Expressway Southeast Extension
Wake and Johnston Counties
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829
State Project Nos. 6.401078, 6.401079, and 6.401080
Federal Aid Project Nos. STP-0540(19), STP-0540(20), and STP-0540(21)
WBS Nos. 37673.1.TA2, 35516.1.TA2, and 35517.1.TA1
Prepared for:
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Prepared By:
H.W. Lochner, Inc.
May 12, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Triangle Expressway Southeast Extension
Purpose and Need Statement
NCDOT STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, R-2829
Wake and Johnston Counties
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1
2 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION ............................................................ 1
2.1 Proposed Action .................................................................................... 1
2.2 Summary of Need for Proposed Action ...................................................... 2
2.2 Purpose of Proposed Action ..................................................................... 4
3 PRO)ECT BACKGROUND ............................................................................ 4
3.1 Project Setting ...................................................................................... 4
3.2 Project History ...................................................................................... 5
4 EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ..................................................... 6
4.1 Roadway Network ................................................................................. 6
4.2 Public Transit ........................................................................................ 8
4.3 Airports ............................................................................................... 9
4.4 Rail ..................................................................................................... 9
5 COMMUTING PATTERNS ........................................................................... 9
6 TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVEL OF SERVICES ......................................... 10
7 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ................................................... 12
7.1 Population Characteristics ..................................................................... 12
7.2 Economic Conditions ............................................................................ 13
7.3 Land Use Plans ................................................................................... 14
8 TRANSPORTATION PLANS AND INITATIVES .......................................... 16
8.1 NCDOT 2009-2015 Strategic Transportation Improvement Program............ 16
8.2 NCDOT Strategic Highway Corridors Initiative .......................................... 18
8.3 Capital Area MPO and Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro MPO Joint 2035 LRTP ... 18
8.4 Capital Area MPO 2009-2015 Metropolitan Transportation Improvement
Progra m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.5 Local Joint Resolutions ......................................................................... 19
8.6 Federal Sustainability and Livability Goals ............................................... 19
9 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 20
Purpose and Need Statement I
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Characteristics of Key Project Area Roadways .......................................... 7
Table 2. Traffic Volumes and Level of Service (LOS): Existing and Future No-Build
Conditions.........................................................................................11
1�.17C�t?
Table 4
Table 5
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Wake and Johnston County Population - Percent Growth by Decade ..........12
Project Study Area Municipality Annual Growth Rates - 2007-2008 ...........13
Project Study Area Employment Distribution by Industrial Sector ..............13
LIST OF FIGURES
(Figures Follow Text)
Project Setting
Project Study Area
2035 LRTP Transit Service Plan
Existing Traffic Levels of Service (2008)
Base Year Traffic Levels of Service (2011)
2035 No-Build Traffic Levels of Service
Project Area STIP Projects
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Local Government Resolutions
Appendix B. Transit Route Maps
Purpose and Need Statement III
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

1 INTRODUCTION
To address transportation needs in the project study area and the surrounding region, the North
Carolina Turnpike Authority (NCTA), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA), proposes transportation improvements with a focus on the consideration of an extension of
the Triangle Expressway (NC 540) from NC 55 Bypass near Holly Springs to the US 64/US 264
Bypass south of Knightdale. This project is designated as three projects in the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) 2009-2015 State Transportation Improvement Program
(STIP)—R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829. Together, these STIP projects would combine to complete the
540 Outer Loop around the Raleigh metropolitan area. Figure 1 shows the general project setting.
The purpose of this report is to describe the proposed action and present information as to why the
action is needed, explaining what transportation problems exist and what needs the action will address.
The project purpose and need as defined in this report will serve as a keystone in the process of
identifying reasonable alternatives or solutions aimed at meeting those needs.
The content of this document conforms to the requirements of the Council on Environmental Quality
(CEQ) guidelines, which provide direction regarding implementation of the procedural provisions of
NEPA, and the Federal Highway Administration's Guidance for Preparing and Processing
Environmental and Section 4(� Documenis (Technical Advisory T 6640.8A, October 1987).
2 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION
2.1 PROPOSED ACTION
The proposed action is located near the Raleigh, North Carolina metropolitan area. More specifically,
the project study area is located south and southeast of the City of Raleigh between the towns of Holly
Springs to the west and Knightdale to the east. The project study area extends as far south as NC 42
between Fuquay-Varina and Clayton. While most of the project study area is within Wake County, a
small portion of western Johnston County is also included. Figures 1 and 2 depict the general project
setting and project study area respectively. The development of the project study area is described in
Section 3.1.
To address transportation needs in the project study area, the NCTA, in cooperation with FHWA,
proposes transportation improvements with a focus on the consideration of an extension of the
Triangle Expressway (NC 540) from NC 55 Bypass near Holly Springs to the US 64/US 264 Bypass
south of Knightdale. Referred to as the Triangle Expressway Southeast Extension, the purpose of the
proposed action is to improve transportation mobility for trips within, ar traveling through, the project
study area during the peak travel period. A second purpose of the proposed action is to reduce forecast
congestion on the existing roadway network within the project study area. The proposed action is
currently in the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) and Durham-Chapel Hill-
Carrboro MPO joint 2035 Long Range Transportatzon Plan (LRTP) as a 2025 horizon year project. It
is also in the Capital Area MPO 2009 – 201 S Metropolitan Transportation Improvement Program
(MTIP). In addition, the proposed action is included in the state's system of Strategic Highway
Corridors (SHC) aimed at providing a safe, reliable, and high-speed network of highways within North
Carolina. The proposed action is also included in the NCDOT STIP. The City of Raleigh, Wake
Purpose and Need Statement
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — May 12, 2011
1

County, and five towns in southern Walce County have all passed resolutions in support of completion
of the 540 Outer Loop as a means to ensure long-term mobility in the region (Appendix A).
Traditionally, North Carolina roads have been publically financed through gas and vehicle taxes either
through the state or through the federal government via federal-aid highway funds. However, given
current financial resources at both the state and federal level, these traditional sources of funding are
not available in the near fareseeable future to pay for all of North Carolina's transportation needs.
Based on a toll feasibility study previously completed at the request of local governments, in addition
to limited traditional state and federal funding, we will include toll alternatives as part of the
alternatives screening process.
2.2 SUMMARY OF NEED FOR PROPOSED ACTION
A summary of transportation needs relevant to this study is provided below. A full description of
existing and future transportation conditions in the project study area used to support the discussion on
project needs is provided in the Southern and Eastern Wake Expressway Final Traffic Forecast Report
and the Southern and Eastern Wake Freeway Final 2008 Existing, 2011 and 2035 No-Build Traff c
Capacity Analysis Report, both prepared by HNTB in December 2009. A key finding of these reports
was that many of the major roadways in the project study area are expected to operate at unacceptable
levels of service and over capacity in 2008 and 2011 and the majority of roadways are expected to
operate at LOS E or F in 2035.
Need #1— Mobility for the Movement of People and Goods
➢ The goal for the region's overall transportation system (as defined in the Capital Area MPO
and Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro MPO Joint LRTP) is to provide a cost-effective system
that, among other things, maintains long-term mobility for people and tbe movement of goods.
➢ In large part, this mobility-related need is driven by past and projected future rapid growth in
Wake County and in western Johnston County in and around the town of Clayton. In recent
decades, the populations of Wake and Johnston counties and the town of Clayton have grown
much faster than the State average. Local governments predict continued rapid growth in
these areas over the next decades (Section 7.1).
Need #2 — Limited Transportation Options to Provide Suf�cient Capacity for Efficient, High-
Speed Local and Through Travel between Rapidly-Growing Communities South and East of
Raleigh and Major Employment and Activity Centers along the 540 Outer Loop and Along
Roadways Connecting to the Outer Loop, such I-40, NC 147, and US 1/64
➢ Varying from a four- to eight-lane facility, I-40 is the primary limited access freeway corridor
for regional connectivity between the project study area and many of the Triangle Region's
major employment and activity centers, such as RTP, RDU, the Brier Creelc area, Durham,
and Cary.
➢ Traveling west from Knightdale, motorists can also use I-440 or I-540 through northern Wake
County to reach area employment/activity centers and to travel through the region.
Purpose and Need Statement 1
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

➢ Regional through traffic beiween areas south and east of Raleigh and areas west of Raleigh,
including interregional truck traffic, is generally limited to traveling on i-40/I-440 south of
Raleigh. Since these routes serve high volumes of local traffic, interregional traffic limited to
traveling on these same routes adds additional traffic volumes and also faces inefiicient travel
across the region.
➢ Communities south and east of Raleigh, such as Holly Springs, Fuquay-Varina, Clayton and
Knightdale, have experienced rapid population growth since 1990 and are forecast to continue
this rapid growth. Many residents of these communities commute to major employment and
activity centers along the 540 Outer Loop and along roadways connecting to the Outer Loop,
such as I-40, NC 147, and US 1/64. Far residents in these rapidly growing areas of southern
and southeastern Wake County and western Johnston County, other transportation options to
these employment and activity centers are available but they include primary and secondary
roads with lower posted speed limits, no control of access and traffic signals:
The primary east-west routes in southern Wake County, Ten-Ten Road (SR 1010) and
NC 42, are currently used to access employment/activity centers such as RTP,
Durham, and Cary, via NC 55 and US 1/64; and
Routes providing north-south travel in this area, including US 401, NC 50 and US 70,
provide access to Raleigh and I-40.
➢ Statewide, I-40 is the backbone of North Carolina's interstate system, providing the
connection between southeastern North Carolina including Wilmington and other coastal
towns (i.e., Wilmington) and western North Carolina, including Greensboro, Winston-Salem
and Asheville. Therefore, in addition to being a key transportation corridor for local freight
and commuter traffic, I-40 through the Triangle Region is also a key corridor for long distance
travelers. I-40 also serves a substantial amount of motorist traffic travelling to and from
eastern North Carolina on US 64 and US 264.
➢ There are limited transit options in the area, primarily consisting of a small number of fixed
bus routes along the northern edge of the project study area. These routes operate on
congested roadways.
➢ A portion of the project area lies within the ten-mile emergency planning zone (EPZ) for the
Harris Nuclear Plant. Existing evacuation routes within this area are generally arterial
highways and rural roadways without controlled access.
Need #3 — E�sting and Projected Poor Levels of Service (LOS)
➢ Based on 2008 traffic data, poor levels of service (defined for this study as LOS E and F)
already occur in and near the projeci study area on the following roads:
■ LOS E or F on I-40 between NC 147 and Lake Wheeler Road and most segments of I-
40 between White Oak Road and NC 42,
■ LOS E on most of NC 42 between NC 55 and the US 70 (Clayton) Bypass, and
■ LOS E on segments of NC 50 between NC 42 and US 70.
➢ By 2011/2012, several key transportation projects will be completed, including:
■ widenin� of I-40 from Wade Avenue to US 1/64, and
Purpose and Need Statement �
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

■ construction of the Triangle Expressway, which includes Triangle Parkway (NC 147
Toll) from NC 540 to I-40 and Western Wake Freeway (NC 540 Toll) from NC 55
near Holly Springs north to NC 55 near RTP.
Even with these facilities in place, LOS E or F is also projected for:
■ segments of Ten-Ten Road (SR 1010), and
■ segments of US 1/64 between NC 55 and I-40.
➢ With increases in traffic volumes projected in the future, a substantial portion of the roadway
network in and near the project study area will deteriorate to LOS E or F by 2035 (see Section
6 of this report for a detailed discussion of existing and projected LOS on the area roadway
network).
2.3 PURPOSE OF PROPOSED ACTION
Based on the identified transportation needs, the purpose of the proposed action is to improve
transportation mobility for trips within, or traveling through, the project study area during the peak
travel period. A second purpose of the proposed action is to reduce forecast congestion on the existing
roadway network within the project study area.
Based on state and local plans, a desirable outcome of the project will be to improve system linkage in
the roadway network in the project study area. As included in state and local plans, the proposed
action would be the final link in the 540 Outer Loop envisioned for more than 40 years, completing a
controlled-access, high-speed circumferential faciliry around the outskirts of Raleigh. The facility
would benefit not only the local commuters living south and east of Raleigh, but also longer distance
motorists and trucks that are passing through the Triangle Region to and from points south and east.
3 P ROJ E CT BAC KG RO U N D
3.1 PRO]ECT SETTING
As shown in Figure 1, the general project setting is south and southeast of the City of Raleigh
between the towns of Holly Springs to the west and Knightdale to the east. The project study area,
shown in Figure 2, was developed in conjunction with resource and regulatory agencies. It was
designed to encompass the area within which reasonable and feasible alternatives for meeting the
elements of the project purpose could be developed. The existing terminus of I-540 at US 64/US 264
Bypass in Knightdale and the current planned terminus of the Triangle Expressway (NC 540) at NC 55
Bypass near Holly Springs generally coincide with the respective eastern and western boundaries of
the project study area. The northern boundary, which roughly follows the southern outskirts of
Raleigh and Cary, and the southern boundary, which generally follows NC 42, were particularly
influenced by the project purpose of reducing congestion on the existing roadway network within the
project study area, North of this northern boundary and south of this southern boundary, alternatives
would be unlikely to draw as much traffic off of these existing facilities. While most of the project
study area is within Wake County, a small portion of western Johnston County is also included.
Purpose and Need Statement 4
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

Portions of eighi incorporated municipalities—Apex, Holly Springs, Cary, Fuquay-Varina, Garner,
Raleigh, Knightdale and Clayton—and numerous unincorporated communities are located within the
project study area.
Wake and Johnston counties lie at the eastern point of the area known as the Triangle Region of North
Carolina. The City of Durham/Durham County and the Town of Chapel Hill/Orange County form the
Triangle's other two points. The Research Triangle Park (RTP), one of the oldest and largest science
parks in North America, lies at the center of the Triangle and is the region's major economic engine.
RTP is a 7,000 acre development housing more than 170 companies and employing over 42,000 full-
time and 10,000 contract employees (Research Triangle Park website: www.rtp.org/.
The 540 Outer Loop is part of the Raleigh and Triangle Region core transportation network. Other
elements of this network include I-440, I-40, NC 147, US 70, US 1, US 64, US 401, and US 264. The
project study area encompasses a relatively small portion of the larger core transportation network for
the region. However, from a transportation perspective, this element of the system has regional wide
implications for traffic service and system operations. The Capital Area MPO and Durham-Chapel
Hill-Carrboro MPO have jointly included this project as an element of their 2035 Long Range
Transportation Plan (LRTP). Through the MPO long range transportation planning process,
consideration has been given to alternative transportation approaches to meet the overall social,
economic, environmental, and mobility needs in the region. While this study builds upon the regional
planning efforts and utilizes a regional perspective for traffic forecasting, the focus of this study is on
the sub-regional area known as the project study area.
Most of the project st�udy area lies wiihin the Neuse River basin, with a small portion of the
southwestern corner of the project study area in the Cape Fear basin. Much of Wake County features
gently rolling hills, with the topography becoming flatter in southeastern Wake County and into
Johnston County. Elevations within the project study area range from approximately 500 feet near
Apex to approximately 150 feet northeast of Clayton. Wake and Johnston counties have a moderate
subtropical climate, featuring temperate conditions in spring, fall and winter, and hot and humid
summers.
3.2 PROJECT HISTORY
The 540 Outer Loop was first identiiied as a regional need in the 1968 Greater Raleigh Thoroughfare
Plan. Although a location for the loop freeway was not originally specified, later updates to the plan
included different variarions in an alignment. As the Raleigh metropolitan area's population continued
to rapidly grow through the 1970's and into the 1980's, the Capital Area MPO requested that NCDOT
refine a corridor for the entire Outer Loop for use in area land use planning. A general alignment for
the Outer Loop was described in the 1984 update of the Greater Raleigh Thoroughfare Plan.
The northern part of the Outer Loop, from NC 55 near northwestern Cary and Morrisville to US 64/US
264 Bypass near Knightdale, was the first to be constructed, with the final segment of the northern
Outer Loop open to traffic in 2006. The remainder of the Outer Loop is known as the Triangle
Expressway (NC 540 Toll). The Western Wake Freeway segment of the Triangle Expressway (Figure
1), from NC 55 near Holly Springs north to NC 55 near RTP, is currently under construction and
scheduled to open to traffic in 2012.
Purpose and Need Statement 5
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 – May 12, 2011

In the late 1980's, the state passed into law the Transportation Corridor Official Map Act (Map Act)
which allows the preservation of roadway corridors when specific conditions are met in accordance
with G.S. 136-44.50 through 136.54. During the early 1990's, NCDOT used the Map Act to evaluate
potential corridors for preservation purposes for Phase I of the Southeast Extension from NC 55 near
Holly Springs to I-40 near the Wake/Johnston county line. Several alternative corridors were
developed and analyzed, and public hearings were held to present the corridor proposed for protection.
As a result, the North Carolina Board of Transportation formally adopted a preserved corridor for the
8-mile segment between NC 55 and US 401 (STIP project R-2721) in August 1996, and for the 9-mile
segment between US 401 and I-40 (STIP project R-2828) in March 1997.
In December 2005, mayors of five Walce County towns (Cary, Apex, Holly Springs, Fuquay-Varina,
and Garner) requested that the NCTA conduct a financial feasibility study for completing the 540
Outer Loop as a toll road (Appendix A). NCTA initiated the planning and corridor study for the
Triangle Expressway Southeast Extension in late 2009 with FHWA's issuance of a Notice of Intent
(NOI) to prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) for the project on November 30, 2009.
4 EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
4.1 ROADWAY NETWORK
There are several major travel routes through the project area as shown in Figure 2.
Interstate 40
Varying from a four- to eight-lane facility, I-40 is one of the primary limited access freeway corridors
for regional connectivity between the project study area and majar employment /activity centers in the
region such as the City of Raleigh, RDU Airport, RTP, Durham and Chapel Hill. As such, it is heavily
used by commuter traffic traveling within the project study area. Particularly in eastern Wake County,
motorists can alternatively travel northwest, outside of the project study area, on the I-440 partial loop
freeway (Raleigh Beltline) or the I-540/NC 540 freeway towards the Raleigh-Durham area.
Statewide, I-40 is the backbone of North Carolina's interstaie system, providing the connection
between southeastern North Carolina (i.e., Wilmington), the Triangle Region, and western North
Carolina including Greensboro, Winston-Salem and Asheville. The entire I-40 corridor in North
Carolina is designated as a Strategic Highway Corridor, a system of critical highway facilities in the
state (Strategic Highway Corridors website: http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/tpb/shc/
overview�. I-40 around Raleigh also receives a substantial number of motorists travelling to/from
eastern North Carolina on US 64 and US 264 as well as I-95, the primary north-south interstate
corridor that runs along the eastern United States from Florida to Maine. Therefore, in addition to
being a important transportation corridor for local freight and commuter traffic, I-40 around Raleigh is
a key corridor for long distance travelers. Characteristics of I-40 and other major roads in the study
area are shown in Table 1; the locations of these roads are shown in Figure 2.
Purpose and Need Statement b
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

Table 1. Characteristics of Major Project Area Roadways
Route Lane Confi uration Posted Speed Limit
I-40 4- to 8-lane freeway 60-65 miles er hour
US 64/US 264 Bypass 6-lane freeway 65 miles per hour
US 1/64 6-lane freewa 65 miles per hour
US 70 B pass 4-lane freewa 65 miles per hour
US 70 Business 4-lane freewa 65 miles per hour
US 401 4-lane arterial 45-55 miles per hour
Ten-Ten Road SR 1010 2-lane rural roadway 45 miles per hour
NC 42 5-lane arterial/2-lane rural roadway 35-55 miles per hour
NC 50 2-lane rural roadwa 55 miles per hour
NC 55 2-lane arterial 35-45 m h
US 64
In its entirety, US 64 is also a designated Strategic Highway Corridor and is another important east-
west controlled access freeway through central Wake County. In the northeast portion of the section
of the project study area, near Knightdale, the US 64/US 264 Bypass provides access to I-540 and I-
440. Further east of Raleigh, US 64 also accesses I-95.
West of Raleigh, US 64, also signed as US 1, continues to the southwest from I-40 just north of the
project study area.
US 70
The US 70 Bypass, part of North Carolina's Strategic Highway Corridor system, is a controlled access
freeway from US 70 Business in western Johnston County to I-40 in the southern portion of the
project study area at the border of Johnston and Wake counties. From its interchange with I-40,
motorists in the project study area can either travel north on I-40 towards Raleigh or travel south on I-
40 with access to NC 42. Within the project study area, US 70 Business also provides access to I-40
closer to the Raleigh metropolitan area.
Western Wake Freeway (NC 540 Toll) — Under Construction
The North Carolina Turnpike Authority is also in the process of constructing the Western Wake
Freeway, a new multi-lane toll facility from existing NC 540 in western Wake County south of I-40 to
NC 55 Bypass in Holly Springs, with a length of 12.6 miles. Interchange connections are proposed for
access at NC 55, Green Level Road, US 64, Old US 1, US 1 and ending at the NC 55 Bypass near
Holly Springs. The Western Wake Freeway is scheduled to open to traffic in 2012, forming the
western portion oithe 540 Outer Loop around Raleigh. It will be designated as NC 540.
Other roadways in the project study area include US 401, Ten-Ten Road (SR 1010), NC 42, NC 50
and NC 55. These existing thoroughfares, with no control of access, are primarily multi-lane facilities
with 35, 45, or 55 mile per hour speed limits. For residents in rapidly growing areas of
southern/southeastern Wake County and western Johnston County, these roadways can be used in
conjunction with other roads to access activity centers near in the Raleigh/Durham area but they have
lower posted speed limits and traffic signals. Ten-Ten Road and NC 42 lead to many of the same
employment/ activity centers via NC 55 and US 1/64. Commuters also have the option of traveling
northward on US 401, NC 50 or US 70 toward Raleigh and connecting to I-40.
Purpose and Need Statement /
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

4.2 PUBLIC TRANSIT
Several transit operators provide service in the Raleigh area. Within the project study area, both
Triangle Transit (formerly Triangle Transit Authority) and Capital Area Transit (CAT) have fixed
route bus service to activity centers south of the Raleigh metropolitan area, but these routes are
limited. The Town of Cary's GTran transit service also operates fixed route bus service near the
project area. For all three systems, fix route bus routes are some of the area's most congested
roadways. Maps of fixed public transit routes in the project area are shown in Appendix B.
Triangle Transit
Triangle Transit provides regional bus, paratransit, vanpool and ridesharing services within the three-
county Research Triangle area including Walce County (Triangle Transit website:
http://t�iangletransit.org�. The bus route that extends furthest south into Wake County is the 102
service from downtown Raleigh to Garner, the Forest Hills Shopping Center Park-and-Ride lot on US
70, and the White Oak Shopping Center. Based on the 2008 Triangle Ti^ansit Short Range Transit
Plan, this route has consistently been the lowest-performing regional route in the entire system. One
of the potential near-term changes to this route proposed in the plan is to extend the route southeast to
Clayton and park-and-ride facilities in Johnston County. Bus Route 311 connects Apex to RTP, with
park and ride lots at Galaxy Ford near downtown Apex and Lake Pine Plaza.
In January 2010, a new express bus route was opened for riders traveling between downtown Raleigh
and Knightdale to the east. The Knightdale to Raleigh Express (KDX) route is the result of a
partnership between Triangle Transit, CAT, and the Town of Knightdale.
Capital Area Transit
Capital Area Transit is owned and operated by the City of Raleigh, providing bus service throughout
the city as well as an Accessible Raleigh Transportation Program (ART) for persons with disabilities.
The only CAT routes within the project study area are: 1) an express bus service between Raleigh and
Wake Technical Community College just south of Ten-Ten Road off of US 401 (CAT Route 40e), and
2) bus service between Raleigh and Garner with park-and-ride lots at two shopping centers on US 401
(CAT Route 7).
Town of Cary C-Tran
The Town of Cary's transit service, C-Tran, operates six fixed bus routes, including one just north of
the project area. GTran also operates door-to-door transit service far Cary residents who are at least
60 years old or disabled.
Transit improvements included in the Capital Area MPO and Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro MPO
joint 2035 LRTP include expansion of bus service throughout the region as well as light rail and
commuter rail service. Light rail between north Raleigh (near I-540 and Triangle Town Center),
downtown Raleigh, Cary, RTP, Durham, and Chapel Hill is included as a 2025 horizon year project.
An extension of the light rail system from Cary to ApeX is included as a 2035 horizon year project.
Commuter rail between Wake Forest, downtown Raleigh, and Clayton is included as a 2025 horizon
year project. A map showing the locations of these proposed transit improvements is displayed in
Figure 3.
Purpose and Need Statement ti
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

4.3 AIRPORTS
The Raleigh Durham International Airport (RDU) is located approximately 10 miles northwest of
Raleigh with easy access off of I-40 and I-540. RDU is one of the nation's fastest growing airports in
the United States as reported by Airports Council International. In 2009, more than 9 million
passengers travelled through RDU. The Triple W Air Park, located east of US 401 just north of
Fuquay-Varina, is a small airport serving private aircraft.
4.4 RAIL
One major rail line is located within the project study area, along the US 70 Bypass between Raleigh
and Clayton. Owned by the North Carolina Railroad (NCRR), this corridor hosts several Amtrak
passenger trains and has seen increasing freight traffic over the past several years. In addition to
Amtrak, Norfolk Southern Railway operates trains along the NCRR corridor under a lease agreement
with NCRR. NCDOT plans to make track improvements in this corridor between Raleigh and Selma
primarily for improving train and vehicular safety and improving passenger train speed and ride
quality.
Amtrak operates several trains daily along the Piedmont route, connecting stations in downtown
Raleigh and Cary to Charlotte. The Carolinian Route travels daily between Charlotte and New York
City, with stops in Raleigh and Cary. Daily Amtrak service along the Silver Service and Palmetto
routes also includes stops in Raleigh and Cary, connecting the area to Florida to the south and New
Yorlc City to the north.
5 COMMUTING PATTERNS
The 2000 US Census indicates that approximately 83 percent of commuters in the project study area
drive alone as opposed to taking transit or carpooling. Public transportation accounted for less than 1
percent of the commuter travel mode, while carpooling was used by approximately 12 percent of area
coinmuters. Walking, bicycling and other inodes accounted for the remaining 4 percent. In looking at
specific block groups within the project study area, two block groups along the northern boundary of
the project study area (in the Town of Garner) exhibited a notably different commuting pattern — a
much higher percentage of carpooling (30 percent for one block group and 44 percent for the other)
and 7 percent of workers in one of the block groups used public transportation.
Between 1980 and 2000, the number of people in Wake and Johnston counties that crossed a county
boundary every day to get to work grew from 57,000 to 180,000. According to the Wake County
Planning Department, commuter traffic is a main source of vehicular traffic within the county. This
includes workers from surrounding counties, including Johnston, Harnett and Chatham to the south of
Raleigh, commuting to Wake and Durham counties in increasing numbers. In portions of those
counties closest to Wake County, it is estimated that upwards of 50 percent of workers commute to
Wake Counry.
One of the major employment centers in the Raleigh metropolitan area includes RTP; more than 25
percent of residents within the project study area commute to RTP. Other important employment
Purpose and Need Statement y
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

centers are located within the City of Raleigh, the Raleigh-Durham Airport, Durham and the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The 2000 US Census also found a substantial increase (+4.8 minutes) in median commuter travel time
in the Raleigh area between 1990 and 2000. The Raleigh-Cary metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
had the fourth highest increase in that time period after Atlanta, Miami and West Palm Beach MSAs.
In 2006, the average commute time for commuters in Wake County was 23.4 minutes (US Census,
2006 American Community Survey).
6 TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVEL OF SERVICE
An analysis of existing and future conditions on the roadway network was completed for this study in
order to establish baseline traffic condirions without construction of the proposed project. These
baseline conditions, also referred io as No-Build conditions, will then be used as a comparison to
various "build conditions" developed as part of the alternatives analysis for the study. Existing
conditions reflect conditions on the roadway network in the year 2008. The 2011 No-Build scenario
assumed completion of the following scheduled improvements:
1. Widening of I-40 from Wade Avenue to US 1/64,
2. Triangle Parkway (NC 147 Toll), and
3. Western Wake Freeway (NC 540 Toll)
For the 2035 No-Build scenario, the following additional scheduled roadway improveinents are
assumed to be complete:
1. Widening of I-40 from US 70 to NC 42, and
2. Widening of Ten-Ten Road (SR 1010) from US 1 to Graham Newton Road.
Existing and future traffic volumes are presented in terms of Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT),
or the average number of vehicles on the road on a given day. AADT is commonly used as a
measurement of how busy a road is. Existing (2008) volumes were based on traffic counts completed
on the roadway network in 2008. Using an approved travel demand model (TransCAD Triangle
Regional Model 2008, version 4), future traffic volumes were predicted for both a 20ll No-Build
condition and a 2035 No-Build condition. A detailed discussion of the inethodologies used to predict
traffic volumes and the results of the analysis are presented in the Southern and Eastern Wake
Freeway Final Ti^affic FoNecasi Report prepared by HNTB in July 2009.
In addition, using North Carolina Level of Service (NCLOS) software (Version 2.0), a level of service
(LOS) and traffic capacity analysis was completed for existing (2008), 2011, and future (2035) No-
Build conditions. This effort evaluated level of service (LOS) and volume to capacity ratios (V/C) for
roadway segments within a slightly larger area (traffic analysis area) than the project study area. The
traffic analysis area extends into eastern Durham County and northern Wake Counry and includes the
primary employment and housing areas in the wider Raleigh region. The analysis focused on LOS
since it is a relatively intuitive way to qualitatively describe how well (or poorly) traffic is flowing on
a road. This system uses letter designations between A and F where LOS A represents free flow
traffic conditions and LOS F represents extremely unstable stop-and-go conditions. A full discussion
of this analysis is provided in the Southern and Eastern Wake Freeway Final 2008 Existing, 2011, and
2035 No-Build Capacity Analysis Report (December 2009, HNTB) prepared for this study.
Purpose and Need Statement "I U
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

The results from these two traffic reparts, for key roadway segments in the traffic analysis area, are
summarized in Table 2. For purposes of this study, a desirable level of service is defined as LOS D or
better - conversely, an unacceptable level of service is defined as LOS E or F. LOS characteristics are
generally established on a case-by-case basis to meet project-specific goals. For Triangle Expressway
Southeast Extension, providing LOS D for a freeway segment in the worst-case peak hour in the
design year provides acceptable overall traffic operations by maintaining high-speed mobility and
providing excess traffic capacity along the facility. Based on the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM
2000), LOS D far a freeway segment indicates a slight decline in free-flow operations and
maneuverability as traffic density increases. LOS E, at its highest density value, describes freeway
operation at capacity with volatile operations because virtually no usable gaps exist in the traffic
stream. At LOS E, maneuverability is eXtremely limited, the level of physical and psychological
comfort afforded the driver is poor and therefore, it is not a desirable design year LOS for the project.
Table 2. Traffic Volumes and Level of Service (LOS): Existing and Future No-Build Conditions
2008 No-Build 2011 No-Build 2035 No-Build
Roadwa Se ment Link AADT LOS AADT* LOS AADT LOS
I-40 From NC 147 to Wade Ave. 166,900 F 172,900 F 175,600 F
From Wade Ave. to US 1/64 104,900 F 115,700 E 150,000 F
From US 1/64 to Lake Wheeler Rd. 116,100 E 124,900 F 170,100 F
From Lake Wheeler Rd. to Rock Quarry 118,000 C 125,300 D 182,400 F
Rd.
From Rock Quarr Rd. to I-440 106,700 C 110,300 C 151,500 D
From I-440 to US 70 102,000 F 104,000 F 114,400 F
From US 70 to NC 210 60,200 D 61,600 D 74,600 C'
I-440 From I-40 to Jones Franklin Road 92,600 D 92,900 D 137,000 F
From I-40 to US 64/US 264 B pass 95,600 C 103,100 C 154,900 E
From US 64/US 264 Bypass to US 64 87,400 D 90,400 D 126,700 F
Business
US 64/US 264 From I-440 to I-540 59,200 C 64,100 C 110,300 F
Bypass From I-540 to US 64 Business 59,000 C 67,300 D 125,100 F
US 1/64 From US 1 to Cary Parkway 87,800 D 95,100 D 129,100 F
From Car Parkwa to Walnut Street 117,700 E 124,600 F 163,600 F
From Walnut Street to I-40 81,000 C 84,500 C 107,700 E
US 70 Bypass From I-40 to NC 42 18,300 A 38,600 C 61,100 D
US 70 Business From Tr on Rd. to I-40 32,900 C 34,100 C 57,700 D
From I-40 to Guy Rd. 51,100 D 54,900 D 76,500 F
US 401 From NC 55 to NC 42 36,300 C 40,200 C 55,900 D
Ten-Ten Road From Holl S rin s Rd. to NC 50 17,500 B 22,000 E 58,300 F
NC 42 From US 401 to Old Dru Store Rd. 11,500 E 14,200 E 26,500 E
From Old Dru Store Rd. to I-40 28,000 F 29,900 F 37,000 F
From I-40 to Bratton Dr. 13,300 D 15,700 D 22,300 D
From Bratton Dr. to US 70 Bypass 14,500 E 16,300 E 26,800 E
NC 50 From Cleveland Rd. to New Rand Rd. 23,000 E 25,700 E 36,600 F
From New Rand Rd. to US 70 11,500 A 11,500 A 31,200 F
NC 55 From Main St. to Wake Chapel Rd. 25,000 B 31,100 C 66,000 F
From Wake Chapel Rd. to US 401 13,700 D 15,700 F 14,200 D
Notes: Annual Average Daily Traffic- highest AADT along roadway segment is reported.
* LOS forecast to improve despite increased volume because roadway will be widened.
The analysis indicates that in both the 2008 and 2011 No-Build conditions, several key roadway
segments within traffic analysis area operate at an unacceptable LOS (Figures 4 and 5). A LOS E or
Purpose and Need Statement "I "I
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 - May 12, 2011

F currently exists on most of NC 42, portions of NC 50, and I-40 between US 70 and I-440. In
addition, most of I-40 between Raleigh and RTP operates at a LOS E or F. Even with planned
improvements included in the 2011 No-Build scenario, a LOS E or F is still projected on those road
segments as well as segments of Ten-Ten Road.
In general, by 2035, traffic volumes will increase substantially throughout the traffic analysis area with
noticeable effects on roadway LOS. As shown in Figure 6, much of the roadway network in the
traffic analysis area will deteriorate to LOS E or F by 2035.
7 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
7.1 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
Encompassing 860 square miles, Wake County consists of thirteen municipalities including Raleigh.
Eight of these inunicipalities are in the project study area. It is the second-most populous county in
North Carolina with an estimated 866,410 persons in 2008 (US Census). It had the largest population
increase in North Carolina between 2000 and 2007 and was the State's fastest growing county during
that time period, growing by 33 percent. Johnston County encompasses 792 square miles and has also
been experiencing rapid growth. As shown in Table 3, both counties' growth rates have been
consistently increasing over the past four decades.
Table 3. Wake and Johnston County Population — Percent Growth by Decade
Period Po ulation Percent Growth
Wake Count Johnston Count Wake Count Johnston Count
1970 - 1980 301,429 70,599 32 12
1980 - 1990 423,280 81,306 40 15
1990 - 2000 627,846 121,965 48 50
2000 - 2010 940,122' 174,876 50 43
Sources: US Census, Wake County projections, NC Ottice ot State Budget and Management projections.
Between July 1, 2007 and July 1, 2008, Wake County ranked: 1) seventh in the nation among the 25
U.S. counties with the largest numeric increase in population, and 2) twenty-second in the nation
among the 100 fastest growing U.S. counties with a population greater than 10,000 (US Census).
During this time period, Johnston County ranked thirty-frst in the nation among the l00 fastest
growing U.S. counties with a population greater than 10,000. The 2007 to 2008 growth rate was 4.4
percent for Wake County and 4.2 percent for Johnston County, as compared to 2.0 percent for Narth
Carolina as a whole.
The Wake County Planning Department predicts that the County's population will exceed 1,000,000
by 2012. Johnston County also predicts continued growth. According to the Johnston County 2030
Comprehensive Plan, approved in 2009, much of the County's growth is occurring in and around the
Town of Clayton, along the border with Wake County. Proximity to RTP and the Triangle Region is
cited as a strong driver of the County's growth. Johnston County's future land use plan continues to
focus future growth in Johnston County along its western border with Wake County.
As shown in Table 4, the 2007 to 2008 growth rate for the individual cities and towns within the
project study area are generally higher than the counties as a whole, reflecting the relatively high
growth rates in this part of the Raleigh metropolitan area. Many of the communities in the project
Purpose and Need Statement "I L
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

study area have become increasingly popular locations for suburban development as people
commuting to jobs in RTP, Raleigh, and other employment centers in the region seek affordable
housing, open space, and the quality of life offered by southern Wake County and Johnston County.
Table 4. Project Study Area Municipality Annual Growth Rates - 2007-2008
Municipality Percent Growth
A ex 5.0
Car 6.9
Cla ton 6.0
Fu ua -Varina 11.5
Garner 5.9
Holl Sprin s 6.2
Kni htdale 9.3
Ralei h 4.2
Source: US Census
In the same one-year time period, between July 2007 and July 2008, the Raleigh-Cary MSA was
ranked first in the United States as the fastest growing MSA. The Raleigh-Cary MSA saw its
population climb 4.3 percent to over 1.1 million.
7.2 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
The Triangle Region's economy is relatively diverse, with a large percentage devoted to government,
education and healthcare sectars. State government has always been the foundation of the area's job
base, but biotechnology, information technology, higher education, and health care are also important
and growing components of the area's employment mix. Similar to the region, Wake County has a
robust and diversified economy featuring many of the State's largest employers.
The January 2010 unemployment rates in Wake and Johnston counties were 9.2 percent and 10.9
percent respectively. This is slightly lower than the statewide unemployment rate of 111 percent.
Table 5 lists the proportions of total employment in various sectors for both Wake and Johnston
counties based on North Carolina Employment Security Commission data.
Table 5. Project Study Area Employment Distribution by Industrial Sector
Sector Wake County Johnston County Raleigh-Cary MSA
Government 17.2% 19.7% 17.5%
Education/Healthcare 15.7% 17.8% 16.0%
Trade/Trans ortation/Utilities 15.4% 17.6% 15.5%
Professional/Business Services 15.0% 17.8% 16.0%
Leisure/Hospitality 8.0% 8.2% 8.0%
Public Administration 7.2% 4.3% 7.0%
Construction 5.8% 7.2% 6.0%
Financial Activities 4.7% 2.0% 4.4%
Manufacturing 4.3% 12.2% 5.3%
Information 3.0% 0.7% 2.8%
Other 3.6% 3.8% 3.5%
Source: Employment Security Commission, Labor Market Information
The area is somewhat unique in that more than 50 percent of the workforce over 25 years of age has at
least a bachelor's degree, providing a desirable workforce for a variety of businesses. Major employers
Purpose and Need Statement "I .i
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 - May 12, 2011

in the City of Raleigh, defined as 10,000+ employees, are the State of North Carolina and Wake
County Public Schools. In comparison, major einployers in the Triangle Region to the west of Raleigh
are Dulce University & Medical Center, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and IBM
(Source: Raleigh Economic Development). Approximately 140 businesses and agencies located
within the Research Triangle Park alone employ more than 40,000 full-time and contract workers.
Despite the recent economic downturn, Raleigh ranked lOth on Kiplinger's 2009 Best Cities list that
focused on places across the United States with stable einployment and robust job markets. According
to the Wake County Planning Department, growth in Wake County is attributable to the area's strong
job market.
7.3 LAND USE PLANS
The following sections include a brief discussion of relevant planning documents and initiatives in the
Southeast Extension project study area. These plans will be further reviewed in the Indirect and
Cumulative Effects Assessment to be conducted in the future.
Wake County. The Wake County Land Use Plan, last updated in March of 2004, establishes policies
designed to influence the timing, type, ]ocation, and quality of future development in Wake County's
planning jurisdiction. These policies are intended to accommodate growth of urbanized areas within
or adjoining the County consistent with the Plan's goals and strategies. The Plan includes several
small area land use plans. Two of these plans cover areas within the Southeast Extension project study
area. East Raleigh-Knightdale Area Land Use Plan identifies areas along a representative corridor for
Phase II of the Southeast Extension with a Special Transportation Corridor designation. The Fuquay-
Varina—Garner Area Land Use Plan identifies areas along the protected corridor for Phase I and a
representative corridor for Phase II as a Special Highway Overlay District. The Wake County Land
Use Plan also includes a special Land Management Plan for Swift Creek. The Land Management
Plan identifies the Swift Creek basin's Watershed Critical Area and watershed buffer areas, within
which development activities are limited, and appropriate low-density land use categories for the
surrounding areas.
The Wake County Transportation Plan (2003) identifies mobility needs in unincorporated parts of
Wake County. It identifies the Southeast Extension ("Outer Loop") as a primary transportation need
for the area, indicating that completion of the Outer Loop was a stated objective of the Citizen
Advisory Group involved in Plan development. The Outer Loop is identified as a primary travel
corridor for Wake County.
Raleigh. The City of Raleigh adopted a new 2030 Comprehensive Plan in November of 2009. The
Plan is the City's key policy document shaping all aspects of the community's physical development
and influencing related economic and social issues. One of the goals of the Plan is to enhance land use
and transportation coordination. The Southeast Extension is not specifically menrioned in the Plan,
although the Plan does identify an objective of coordinating transportation planning and funding with
neighboring jurisdictions and local transportation agencies so that sufficient right-of-way for future
transportation corridors may be preserved.
Carv The Town of Cary Comprehensive Plan is a compilation of several separate plans and
elements that together describe the Town's official vision for Cary's future. The plan addresses issues
including growth, land use, transportation, and housing. The Town of Cary Land Use Plan, adopted in
1996 and last amended in 2009, is the land use component of the Comprehensive Plan. The Land Use
Purpose and Need Statement "14
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

Plan presents the Town's official policy regarding the form and pattern of future development. One of
its functions is to direct provision of public infrastructure. The Land Use Plan Map identifes the
protected corridor for Phase I of the Southeast Extension as "Planned Outer Loop Right of Way."
The Town's Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP), adopted in 2001 and last revised in 2007,
identifes goals and recommendations for provision of transportation facilities in the Town. The CTP
identifies the Triangle Expressway as a planned project, but does not specifically identify the
Southeast Extension.
Apex. The Town of Apex adopted its Comprehensive Plan in 2004 with a goal of presenting a vision
of the community's future to inform development decisions. The Plan includes a map illustrating
proposed land uses in the Town in 2025. The map designates several activity centers—key areas to
accommodate higher-density, mixed-use growth. One of the proposed activity centers is just north of
the western terminus of the Southeast Extension at NC 55. Office space in larger buildings is
envisioned as a key element of this activity center.
Some of the transportation-related goals of the Comprehensive Plan include "efficient traffic
circulation" and "infrastructure that helps achieve land use and growth management objectives."
Garner. Garner's Comprehensive Growth Plan (2006) is intended to provide a long-range vision for
land development and redevelopment opportunities, community infrastructure decisions and
community image. Measures to address water quality issues in the Lake Benson area are especially
prominent in the Plan. The Plan identi�es several activity centers, where commercial, higher density
residential, and mixed uses can be located. The area surrounding the intersection of US 401 and the
protected corridor for Phase I of the Southeast Extension is identified as an activity center.
The Garner Transportation Plan (1999) was developed to help guide local decisions on land use
development and roadway improvements. This Plan designates both phases of the Southeast
Extension ("Outer Loop") as a future freeway facility through the Garner area. The Transportation
Plan states that failing to construct the Outer Loop will be detrimental to traffic congestion in Garner
and that the facility "...will be critical to keeping through traffic from clogging roadways in Garner."
Hollv Springs. Vision Holly Springs (2008) is the Town of Holly Springs Comprehensive Plan. The
Plan seeks to establish and enhance a townwide identity, encourage economic development, and
promote livability. It establishes a future land use strategy, including a map of planned future land
uses. The Plan identifies regional centers for mixed use development along major transportation
routes through the town to ensure the best possible access while minimizing negative impacts on area
residential development. One of these regional centers, surrounding the intersection of Kildaire Farm
Road and Holly Springs Road, is in the vicinity of the protected corridor for Phase I of the Southeast
Extension.
Vision Holly Springs includes a transportation element, which establishes a vision for the future
transportation system in the town. The transportation element identifies the Southeast Extension
("Wake Freeway") as the largest and most significant planned road improvement that will impact the
town. The plan identifies the Southeast Extension as a future freeway facility through the Holly
Springs area.
Knightdale – The Town of Knightdale 2027 Comprehensive Plan, adopted in 2003, is a direct
response to the community's rapid growth, creating the building blocks for the Town's future
Purpose and Need Statement "I �
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 – May 12, 2011

development. It includes a section outlining the Town's vision for its future and sections addressing
individual topics including land use and transportation.
The transportation element of the 2027 Comprehensive Plan, titled the Transportation Master Plan,
seeks to encourage the development of a transportation network that disperses traffic while connecting
and integrating the Town's neighborhoods. I-540 is identified as an important regional roadway
facility that will both provide access to all parts of the Triangle Region and influence development in
Knightdale; however, the Plan's discussion of I-540 focuses on the portion north of US 64/US 264
Bypass.
Johnston County — The Johnston County 2030 Comprehensive Plan, adopted in March 2009, is
organized around seven goals for County growth including inanaging growth and infrastructure,
expanding economic opportunities, preserving farmland and rural character, and enhancing mobility.
The Plan indicates that the County's growth patterns have typically been driven by the location of
major transportation facilities and that the County will continue to support key roadway
improvements. While promoting future growth the County seeks to protect area farming operations
both for community character and economic benefits.
The Southeast Extension is shown as a planned transportation improvement in the Comprehensive
Plan. The Swift Creek watershed area, east of Clayton, is shown as an Environmental Sensitive Zone.
Clayton — The Town of Clayton adopted a Strategic Growth Plan in March 2008 to prepare for
increasing population growth and its effects on transportation, open space, and other community
features. The P1an addresses the incorporated town as well as its extraterritorial jurisdiction, which
extends approximately two miles around the town limits. The Plan indicates that the fact that many
Clayton residents commute to jobs in Raleigh and other surrounding areas contributes to local traffic
congestion. The Plan includes a map designating proposed land uses within the town and its
extraterritorial jurisdiction. The Southeast Extension is shown as a proposed freeway on this map.
Parts of the project study area within Clayton are generally designated for moderately dense residential
development, with areas along US 70 Business designated for commercial development.
8 TRANSPORTATION PLANS AND INITIATIVES
8.1 NCDOT 2009-2015 STATE TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT
PROGRAM (STIP)
The STIP outlines the State's transportation priorities for the next 7 years. The first four years of the
7-year plan are financially constrained based on the amount of funding programmed and available.
The proposed action is designated in the current STIP as three separate projects listed below. Each
project is designated as a freeway faciliry on new location.
■ R-2721 — 7.8 miles from NC 55 to US 401,
■ R-2828 — 8.7 miles from US 401 to I-40, and
■ R-2829 — 10.8 miles from I-40 to US 64/US 264.
Other STIP capacity projects located in the general vicinity of the proposed project are shown in
Figure 7 and listed below:
Purpose and Need Statement "I b
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

Proiect R-2635 — Western Wake Freeway, from NC 55 Bypass near Holly Springs to NC 55 near
RTP. Freeway on new location; total project lengtb is 12.6 miles. Under construction.
Proiect U-4763A — Triangle Parkway, from McCrimmon Parkway to NC 540. Freeway on new
location; total project length is 1.2 miles. Under construction.
Proiect U-4763B — Triangle Parkway, from NC 540 to I-40 at NC 147. Freeway on new location;
total project length is 3.5 miles. Under construction.
Proiect R-2609 — Widen US 401 from north of Fayetteville to Fuquay-Varina. Planning/design is
underway; construction unfunded.
Proiect I-4744 — Add lanes to I-40 from Wade Avenue to I-440/iJS 1/64; total project length is 4
miles. Under construction.
Proiect I-5111 — Add lanes to I-40 from I-440/US 64 to US 70 Clayton Bypass; total project length is
9 miles. Planning/design is underway; right-of-way acquisition for Wake County portion is scheduled
for fiscal year 2014; construction unfunded.
Proiect I-4739 — Access improvements to I-40 in the vicinity of the existing NC 42 interchange.
Planning/design underway; construction unfunded.
Prolect R-2540 — Upgrade existing NC 55 from US 421 in Harnett County to US 401 in Walce
County. Right-of-way and construction unfunded.
Proiect U-2823 — Upgrade US 70 (Glenwood Avenue) from west of SR 1664 (Duraleigh Road) to
west of SR 2876 (Triangle Drive) to improve capacity, safety and traffic operations, including an
interchange at Lynn Road; total project length is 3.3 miles. Right-of-way and construction unfunded.
Proiect U-3111 — Tryon Road Extension from SR 1004 (Old Garner Road) to SR 2543 (Rock Quarry
Road). Multiple lanes on new location; total project length is 2.9 miles. Right-of-way and
construction unfunded.
Proiect U-3343 — Add lanes to SR 1002 (Aviation Parkway) from NC 54 to I-40; total project length
is 2.6 miles. Right-of-way and construction unfunded.
Proiect U-3344 — Add lanes to SR 3015 (Airport Boulevard) from NC 54 to I-40; total project length
is 1.9 miles. Right-of-way and construction unfunded.
Proiect U-3441 — Add lanes to SR 2233 (North Smithfield Road) from Carrington Drive to SR 2049
(Forestville Road); total project length is 1 mile. Right-of-way and construction unfunded.
Proiect U-3607 — Widen New Rand Road from Timber Drive to US 70 to three lanes; total project
length is 11 miles. Right-of-way and construction unfunded.
Proiect U-5024 — Green Oaks Parkway from SR 1] 52 to NC 55 Holly Springs Bypass. Multiple lanes
on new location; total project length is 1.4 miles. Under construction.
Purpose and Need Statement "I /
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

Proiect U-4703 — Timber Drive East Extension, NC 50 to White Oak Road. Multiple lanes on new
location; total project length is 1.3 miles. Right-of-way acquisition is underway, construction
scheduled for fiscal year 2011.
Project R-2552 — Clayton Bypass from I-40 in Wake County to US 70/70 Business in Johnston
County. Freeway on new location; total project length is 9.5 miles. Construction of most segments is
coinplete.
Project R-3410/R-3825 — Widen NC 42 from NC 50 to SR 1003; total project length is 14 miles.
Planning/design is underway; construction unfunded.
Proiect R-3618 — Shotwell Road from west of US 70 to NC 42 east of Clayton. Multiple lanes on
new location; total project length is 3 miles. Planning/design underway; construction unfunded.
8.2 NCDOT STRATEGIC HIGHWAY CORRIDORS INITIATIVE
North Carolina's Strategic Highway Corridors Initiative "represents a timely effort to protect and
maximize the mobility and connectivity on a core set of highway corridors throughout North Carolina,
while promoting environmental stewardship through maximizing the use of existing facilities to the
extent possible, and fostering economic prosperity through the quick and efficient movement of people
and goods." The primary purpose of the Strategic Highway Corridors initiative is to provide a
network of high-speed, safe, reliable highways throughout North Carolina. Approximately 5,400
miles of existing and proposed roadways in North Carolina are designated as Strategic Highway
Corridors. These highways are considered vital to moving people and goods within and just outside of
North Carolina. While these roads account for only 7 percent of the State's highway system, they
carry 45 percent of the State's traf�'ic.
Strategic Highway Corridors within the project study area and surrounding region include I-40, I-440,
I-540, NC 540, US l, US 64, US 401, and US 70. The entire Raleigh 540 Outer Loop, including the
proposed action, is included on the Strategic Highway Corridors Vision Plan as a planned freeway
facility.
8.3 CAPITAL AREA MPO AND DURHAM-CHAPEL HILL-CARRBORO
MPO 70INT 2035 LRTP
Prepared jointly by the two MPOs in the Triangle Region, this joint LRTP was adopted in May 2009.
It outlines a long range plan for multimodal transportation investments in the future (through the year
2035) to match the expected growth in the region, balancing the needs of growth, mobility and
sustainability. The goal of the overall transportation system as articulated in the plan is to have: "a
safe, sustainable, efficient, attractive, multimodal transportation system that supports local land use;
accommodates trip-making choices; maintains mobility; protects the environment and neighborhoods;
and improves the quality of life for urban area residents." The 540 Outer Loop was first identified as a
regional need in the 1968 Greater Raleigh Thoroughfare Plan. CAMPO first described a general
alignment for the Outer Loop in the 1984 update of the Greater Raleigh Thoroughfare Plan.
All three STIP project segments that comprise the proposed action are in the 2035 LRTP for the
region, as a 2025 horizon year project.
Purpose and Need Statement "I ti
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

8.4 CAPITAL AREA MPO 2009-2015 METROPOLITAN
TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (MTIP)
The Capital Area MPO Transportation Advisory Committee (TAC) approved the Fiscal Year 2009-
2015 MTIP in August 2008. The MTIP identifies and priorities transportation improvement projects
over the next seven years. All three STIP project segments that comprise the proposed action are in
the MTIP. Each of the three STIP projects is listed as in the planning/design phase, with right-of-way
and construction unfunded.
8.5 LOCAL 70INT RESOLUTIONS
The Towns of Cary, Apex, Holly Springs, Fuquay-Varina and Garner (as well as the Regional
Transportation Alliance) passed a joint resolution titled: Resolution to Support a Study of Toll Funding
to Accelerate the Construction of I-540 in Southwestern Wake County. This resolution includes a
section of the proposed action. The resolution - which includes the western section currently under
construction and the southern section between NC 55 and I-40 that is part of the proposed action —
notes that the western and southern sections of the I-540 loop freeway will provide a high speed travel
option that will save time and money as well as preserve economic competitiveness in Wake County.
In October 2007, the City of Raleigh, the Town of Garner, and Wake County approved a joint
resolution (#2007-381) concerning the proposed Eastern Wake Expressway (STIP Project R-2829)
from I-40 to the US 64/US 264 Bypass. Specifcally noting that the completion of the 540 Outer Loop
is essential for ensuring long-term economic vitality and mobility in and around the City of Raleigh,
Wake County and the greater Triangle Region, this resolution made two requests to NCDOT:
1) That NCDOT file for corridor protection of the Eastern Wake Expressway pursuant to the
provisions of the Transportation Corridor Ofiicial Map Act; and
2) That NCDOT expedite the development of the Environmental Impact Statement far the
project and to include these municipalities as stakeholders in the process.
These two resolutions are shown in Appendix A.
8.6 FEDERAL SUSTAINABILITY AND LIVABILITY GOALS
In 2009, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood committed to uphold principles of sustainability
as they relate to infrastructure investments. The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) joined
the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) in an interagency Partnership of Sustainable Communities aimed at
working together to ensure that housing and transportation goals are met while protecting the
environment, promoting equitable development, and addressing climate change. This partnership
established six livability principles including the enhancement of economic competitiveness through
"reliable and timely access to employment centers, educational opportunities, services and other basic
needs by workers as well as expanded business access to markets."
Purpose and Need Statement "I y
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

The proposed action has the potential to decrease commute times for residents in southern and eastern
Wake Counry and western Johnston County, which would enhance the livability and sustainability of
the Triangle Region.
9 REFERENCES
Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2008. 2009-2015 Metropolitan Ti^ansportation
Improvement Program.
Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization and Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan
Planning Organization. 2009. 2035 Long Range Transportation Plans.
City of Raleigh. 2009. Raleigh 2030 Comprehensive Plan.
HNTB. December 2009. Southern and Eastern Wake Freeway Final 2008 Existing, 2011 and 2035
No-Build Tra�c Capacity Analysis Report.
HNTB. December 2009. Southern and Eastern Wake Freeway Final Traffic Porecast Report.
Johnston County. 2009. 2030 Comprehensive Plan.
North Carolina Department of Transportation. 2009. 2009-201 S State Transportation Improvement
Program.
Town of Apex. 2004. Apex Comprehensive Plan.
Town of Cary. 1996, as amended. Town of Cary Comprehensive Plan - Land Use Plan.
Town of Cary. 2007. Town of Cary Comprehensive Transportation Plan.
Town of Clayton. 2008. Strategic Growth Plan.
Town of Garner. ] 999. Garner Transportation Plan — A Blueprint for FutuNe Travel.
Town of Garner. 2006. Town of Garner Comprehensive Growth Plan.
Town of Holly Springs. 2008. Vision Holly Springs.
Town of Knightdale. 2003. 2027 Comprehensive Plan.
Transportation Research Board. 2000. Highway Capacity Manual.
United States Bureau of the Census. 1990 Census.
United States Bureau of the Census. 2000 Census.
Purpose and Need Statement LU
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

United States Bureau of the Census. 2006 American Community Survey.
Wake County Government. 2003. Wake County Transportation Plan.
Wake County Planning. 2004. Wake County Land Use Plan.
Purpose and Need Statement L"I
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — May 12, 2011

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
Local Government Resolutions

r�
i
RE50LUI'ION TO SL�PpRT A STUDY OF TOLL FL�'DIl\'G TO ACCELERATE
TAE COI��STRUCTION OP I-540IN SOUTIiWESTERN WAKE COUNTY
WT3EREAS the growth in western and southem Wake County and surrounding areas has akeady
overc��helmed the existing highway system in the southern Triangle; and
WI�REAS the proposed r�restern and southern sections of the I-540 Wake freeway loop will
provide a high speed, sienal-free travel opfion that will save time, money, and lives throughout
the region and preserve economic competitiveness in �a�estem and southem Wake County; and
R�fiEREAS increasing demands on scarce transportation funds is an unfortunate reality thaT has
delayed the westem section of I-540 by years and the southern section of I-540 indefinitely; and
WIIEAEAS the North Carolina Genera] Assembly created the NC Tumpike Authori2y in October
2002 in order to speed the implementation of needed transportation improvements and to help
meet more transportation needs fhan NCDOT could othen�-ise afford; and
WHEREAS the potential may e�st to accelerate the opening of the entire westem Wake freeway
— to the US I free�vay and the Holly Springs bypass — by several years, even with the additionaI
$8 miilion devoted to the project in the recent federal highway legislation; and
WHEREAS the potential may also exist to accelerate the opeuiug of the southem Wake freeway
— to I-40 and the Clayton freeway bypass — by 15 or more years, perhaps a generafion faster; and
WF�REAS there needs to be consideration and study of the potential for toll user fees to
leverage our existing Highway Trust Fund loop funding authorizations to gain more control over
our mobility future by reducing uncertainties in funding timetables for I-540;
BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that the undersimed members of tl�e elected and business
community request that the NC Tumpike Authority conduct a detailed feasibility study to
determine the we viability of, and expected timesavings associated with, accelerating the
construction of both ffie western and southem portions of fhe I-540 Vdake freeway ]oop as two
phases of a single potential Tumpike proj ect in southwestern Wake County.
BE TT FURTHER RESOLVED that the undersigned members of the elected and business
community will require assurances that this feasibilify study include the following considerations:
that the provisions of General Statute § 136-89196 — which require the removal of tolls upon
fulfillment of the Turnpike's revenue bonds — aze adhered to, and that toll revenue generated by
this toll road be used exclusively for pay down of the Tumpike's revenue bonds asseciated with
this Tumpike proj ect.
, � of Cary
1 �/ �.�
Mayor 7ohn Byr�e�
� T� ow�i ofFuquay-Varina
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t
L
,.�.� :�--,.. � �"_"
Weatherly D4ayor Dick Sears
Tox�n of Apex Town of Holly Springs
�n
��C i �}� i r? i v1_.,�: �%'t„>.�.` c�'�r L�✓
Mayor Roncue Williams 7oe Freddoso, 2005-06 Chair
Town of Garner Regional Transportation Alliance

CITY OF Rf1LEIGHRESOL UTION2007— 381
A Joint Resolution Concerning the Proposed Eastern Wake Expressway
NCDOT TIP Project R-2829
WFIEREAS, the completion of the Raleigh Outer Loop is essenfial for ensuring long-term
economic vitality and mobility in and around the City of Raleigh, Wake County, and the greater
Triangle Region; and,
WE�EREAS, the Eastern Wake Expressway is a major segment of the Raleigh Outer Loop,
which proposes to extend Interstate 540 south of the US 64 Bypass to I-40 at the US 70 Bypass neaz
the Jolmston County line; and,
WHEREAS, the proposed Eastern Wake Expressway is an adopted element of the
transportaUon plans for the City of Raleigh, the Town of Gamer, Wake County, ttie Capitai Area
Metropolitan Plannnig Organization (CAMPO), and the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT); and,
� WHEREAS, the proposed Eastem Wake Expressway is an adopted element of the CAMPO
2030 Long Range Transportation Plan; and,
WHEREAS, the proposed Eastern Wake Expressway is currently included in NCDOT's
adopted 2007-2013 Transportation Improvement Prog-azn as an unfunded project (TIP Project
R-2829); and,
WIIEREAS, the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) necessary for this project has not
been fully initiated, nor does NCDOT plan to complete it within the next seven years; and,
WI�REAS, there is no preliminary corridor established for the proposed Eastern Wake
Expressway that can be protected from, or reserved by, private and public development; and,
WHEREAS, in an absence of formal corridor protection or a completed EIS, new
development encroachment in this azea may unpact the location of the freeway corridor and the cost
of future right-of-way acquisition, or it may subsequently jeopardize the constructability of the
freeway.
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, the City of Raleigh, and the Town of Gamer, and
Wake County jointly request the North Carolina Department of Transportation i"iles for
corridor protection of the Eastern Wake Expressway pursuant to the provisions of General
Statute Chapter 136, Article 2E, "Transportation Carridor Official Map Act"
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, the City of Raleigh, and the Town of Garner, and
Wake County urge NCDOT to expedite the development of the Environmental Impact
Statement for the Eastern Wake Expressway (TIP Project R-2829), and to include Raleigh,
Garner and Wake County as stakeholders in the EIS development process.
Adopted by the City of Raleigh October 16, 2007

APPENDIX 6
Transit Route Maps

4:30 a.m. - 5:30 a.m.
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Triangle Transit Service to
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TTA routes do not change on the
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For current TTA information please
call 919-485-RIDE (7433) or visit
www.GoTriangle.org
Las rutas del TTA no cambian
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informacion actual del TTA por favor
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visite www.GoTriangle.org
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Garner's Station Blvd. Shopping Center \a�e,�o°a operate as late as Super K-Mart r ■Gateway Plaza
Super K-Mart ■Gateway Plaza m�dnight. Please call � .
n919-485-Ride(7433)for Super Wal-Mart •
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¢ „___ _ route is available. Purser
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