20071840 Ver 1_Information Letter_20071213

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~ North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission ~
TO: John T. Thomas, Jr., NCDOT Coordinator
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office, USAGE
FROM: Marla Chambers, Western NCDOT Permit Coordinator ~"~'- ~~-a mom,
Habitat Conservation Program, NCWRC
DATE: December 13, 2007
SUBJECT: Review of NCDOT's request for a Section 404 Permit to replace Bridge No. 60
on NC 8/89 over Dan River, Stokes County, North Carolina. TIP No. B-4281.
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has requested a Section 404 Permit
from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE). Staff biologists with the North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) have participated in on-site field meetings on Feb.
25, 2004 and Oct. 2, 2006 and a phone conference on Oct. 25, 2007 and have reviewed the
information provided. These comments are provided in accordance with the provisions of the
National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d).
The NCDOT proposes to replace Bridge No. 60 on NC 8/89 over Dan River with a new bridge
just north of the existing structure. Traffic will be maintained on the existing bridge during
construction. A total of 33 linear feet of permanent impacts for bank stabilization and 0.04 acres
of temporary fill impacts for two work bridges, one of which spans the entire 130-foot width of
the river, and two negative pressure rings to remove existing bents in the river are proposed. No
new bents will be placed in the water. Buck Island Creek and an unnamed tributary to Dan River
in the project area will not be impacted.
The Dan River, WS-V waters, is designated an Aquatic Significant Natural Heritage Area by the
Natural Heritage Program. The federal and state Endangered James spineymussel (Pleurobema
collina) has been found at the project location as well as upstream and downstream of the site.
The state rank (S1) and global rank (Gl) for this species indicates it is "critically imperiled" in
North Carolina and globally. Another state listed mussel, the notched rainbow (Villosa
Mailing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries 1721 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone]

B-4281, Bridge No. 60
Dan River, Stokes Co. - 2 - December 13, 2007
constricta), state Special Concern (SC), has been observed in the area. State and federally listed
fish species found in the project vicinity include the orangefin madtom (Noturus gilberti),
Federal Species of Concern and state Endangered; the bigeye jumprock (Scartomyzon
ariommum), state Threatened; the riverweed darter (Etheostoma podostemone), state Special
Concern; and the Roanoke hogsucker (Hypentelium roanokenese), state Significantly Rare.
The Dan River has a rare and highly diverse assemblage of fish, including several listed as
Priority Species in the North Carolina Wildlife Action Plan (NCWAP). In 2001 Congress
developed new conservation funding legislation, the Wildlife Conservation and Restoration
Program and the State Wildlife Grants Program, which required states to develop a Wildlife
Action Plan by October 2005. The funding was intended to target species in the greatest need of
conservation, species indicative of the diversity and health of the state's wildlife, and species
with low and declining populations, as deemed appropriate by the states' fish and wildlife
agencies. In addition to the federal and state listed species above, Priority Species occurring in
the Dan River in the project vicinity include snail bullhead (Ameiurus brunneus), Johnny darter
(Etheostoma nigrum), glassy darter (E. vitreum), and the v-lip (or suckermouth) redhorse
(Moxostoma papillosum). The Dan River also supports an excellent smallmouth bass
(Micropterus dolomieu) sport fishery in the project vicinity. Other popular sport fish in the area
include the following sunfish: redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus), bluegill (L. macrochirus) and
pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus).
In our scoping comments dated Aug. 10, 2004, we requested the standard in-water work
moratorium from May 1 to July 15 to protect the egg and fry stage of smallmouth bass, sunfish
and many of the listed species of the project area. This moratorium is included as a commitment
in NCDOT's "green sheets" in the Categorical Exclusion document dated July 2005. However,
after collecting additional information and upon further investigation of the spawning periods for
the area's non-game fish species, we recommended to NCDOT that the in-stream work
moratorium extend from February 1 to June 30, which are the moratorium dates that have been
used previously within the Dan River watershed for other land-disturbing projects. While these
moratorium dates provide less protection for smallmouth bass and sunfish, they provide
appropriate protection for the species in greatest need of conservation. This change in
moratorium dates was relayed to NCDOT at the field meeting on Oct. 2, 2006 and via email Oct.
20, 2006.
NCWRC always has been, and continues to be, willing to work with NCDOT on a case by case
basis regarding moratoria when special circumstances arise. We take into consideration the
potential impact of specific activities, timing, and the environmental conditions at the time
(weather, stream flow, etc.). We believe a project should be completed and the area stabilized as
quickly as possible to minimize the duration and severity of impacts to the resources and do not
intend to cause needless delays. We believe that with proper planning, scheduling, and
coordination with NCWRC and other resource agencies that delays and added costs are unlikely.
However, subsequent conversations with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and
NCDOT regarding project commitments that will come from the Section 7 consultation process
may eliminate the need for the recommended moratorium. While we are aware of some of the
measures proposed, final commitments have yet to be determined. Since many of these
measures are expected to minimize siltation, habitat disturbance, and in-water work, we will not

B-4281, Bridge No. 60
Dan River, Stokes Co. - 3 - December 13, 2007
pursue the in-water moratorium as a permit condition, provided adequate protection of sensitive
fishery resources is provided. However, we do request that NCDOT and their contractor make
every effort in planning and scheduling this project to avoid and minimize in-water work and
other activities that could have detrimental effects on sensitive fish species during the spawning
period.
We believe that state agencies should make all reasonable efforts to avoid and minimize adverse
impacts to North Carolina's sensitive resources, including state and federally listed species,
NCWAP Priority Species, and rare habitats and assemblages of species. Several fish species
found in the project vicinity are only found in the Dan River drainage and no where else on the
planet. Several are intolerant of pollution and siltation. Many of the species have a life
expectancy in the two to four year range, potentially making the loss of one year of spawning a
significant impact to the population. That's particularly important, especially considering natural
events, such as flooding and the recent drought, that can also have a negative impact on fish
reproduction and survival. Another important consideration is that the reproductive cycle of
freshwater mussels usually requires a fish host; often the mussel species is limited to specific fish
species as hosts. It is just as vital to protect the fish known as hosts to the James spineymussel
as to protect the mussel itself. In-water work increases siltation and habitat disturbance and
provides an opportunity for other pollutants to be introduced at a time when fish tend to be most
vulnerable. A spread sheet has been provided to NCDOT and the permitting agencies with
details regarding fish and mussel species in the area.
Another recommendation we made previously pertained to incorporating a canoe access into the
project plans. However, it was determined that public access is available in the vicinity at
Hanging Rock State Park and we informed NCDOT that we would no longer be pursuing access
at this site. tl~'~ii'''~fi~~'~+~~~I .. ~, of
1~, S web'e~~e'v~'K~'^~ai~'~car~c~r~"fir a~~,~:..`II~~tE't~i~~sed.
The Restoration Plan in the permit application is somewhat confusing, indicating certain
impacted areas are expected to recover naturally. We would like to stress the importance of
quickly re-vegetating any area where the vegetation has been removed, damaged, or otherwise
absent, as arguably the best method of minimizing sediment entering the waterway. Planting
trees along disturbed areas of the river bank is another important measure to stabilize the banks
and provide long term benefits to aquatic and terrestrial wildlife.
NCWRC can concur with the issuance of Section 404 and 401 permits provided that the
following conditions are implemented:
1. At a minimum, sediment and erosion control measures should adhere to the design
standards for sensitive watersheds and be strictly maintained until project completion.
~'~ Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil as soon
as possible and within 21 calendar days of completion of permanent or temporary ground
disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion control.

B-4281, Bridge No. 60
Dan River, Stokes Co. - 4 - December 13, 2007
~~ Tall fescue should not be used in riparian areas. We encourage NCDOT to utilize onsite
native vegetation and materials for bank stabilization when practicable. Erosion control
matting should be used in riparian areas (streambanks) and any disturbed steep slopes,
instead of straw mulch, and well anchored with 12" staples, wooden survey stakes, or live
stakes.
~_ Stormwater should be directed to buffer areas or retention basins and should not be
routed directly into the river.
` `~,5_-:, Only clean, sediment-free rock should be used as temporary fill (causeways), and should
be removed without excessive disturbance of the natural stream bottom when
construction is completed.
6: ~ Discharge of materials into the river from demolition of the old bridge should be avoided
as much as practicable. Any materials that inadvertently reach the river should be
removed.
~~9. The natural dimension, pattern, and profile of the river above and below the crossing
~, should not be modified by widening the channel or changing the depth of the river.
. ~,
r o," ~
~-~-~ ~ ~ Removal of vegetation in riparian areas should be minimized. Native trees and shrubs
w ~ ~ 3 should be planted along the banks to reestablish the riparian zone and to provide long-
term erosion control.
~` Grading and backfilling should be minimized, and tree and shrub growth should be
retained if possible to ensure long term availability of shoreline cover for fish and
wildlife. Backfill materials should be obtained from upland sites.
'~A,, Riprap placed for bank stabilization should be limited to the bank below the high water
mark, and vegetation should be used for stabilization above the high water elevation.
"gY'I: If concrete will be used during construction, work must be accomplished so that wet
(uncured) concrete does not contact surface waters. This will lessen the chance of
altering the water chemistry and causing a fish kill.
~, Discharging hydroseeding mixtures and washing out hydroseeders and other equipment
in or adjacent to surface waters is strictly prohibited.
X1`3,. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in the channel whenever
possible in order to minimize sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing
other pollutants into the river. All mechanized equipment operated near surface waters
should be inspected and maintained regularly to prevent contamination of surface waters
from fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids or other toxic materials.
~4. The existing roadway that is to be eliminated should be removed back to original ground
elevations and the natural floodplain elevations and functions should be restored.

B-4281, Bridge No. 60
Dan River, Stokes Co. - 5 - December 13, 2007
Disturbed areas should be seeded or mulched to stabilize the soil and native tree species
should be planted with a spacing of not more than 10'x10'.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this project. If you have any
questions regarding these comments, please contact me at [phone].
cc: Marella Buncick, USFWS
Sue Homewood, NCDWQ
David Wainwright, NCDWQ
Angie Rogers, NCNHP

relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib walls, gabions, etc.), excavation,
ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear
footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included. To calculate acreage, multiply
length X width and then divide by 43,560.
Stream Impact Average Im act
P
Number Stream Perennial or Stream Length Area of
(indicate on Name Type of Impact Intermittent? Width (linear Impact
map) Before feet) (acres)
Im act
Temporary Work
Bridge
Permanent Bank
Stabilization
Temporary
Negative Pressure
Site an Riv r er nnial 130 0.02

Temporary Work

it 4
Dan fiver Bridge
P rennial
130
2
0.
Total Stream Im act b len hand acres a 103 0.06
6. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic Ocean and
any. other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to fill, excavation,
dredging, flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
Open Water
Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma
Name of Waterbody
(if applicable)
T e of hn act
~ P Type of Waterbody
lake and es
( , P tuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.) Area of

Impact
(acres)
NA NA NA NA 0.00
NA NA NA NA 0.00
NA NA NA NA 0.00
Total Open Water Impact (acres) NA
7. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resulting from the project:
Stream Impact (acres): 0.06
Wetland Impact (acres): 0.00
Open Water Impact (acres): 0.00
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) ~ 0.06
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 103.00
Page 4 of 8

Avoidance/Minimizati ;,n:
• Bridge No. 60 will span the Dan River.
• In-stream activity will be limited only to the areas shown on the plan sheets.
• Removal of the existing bents will take place when water flow level is at a minimum
point allowable within the project schedule and will be done in such a manner to
minimize disturbance to the streambed.
• Deck drains will not be allowed to discharge directly into stream.
• A preformed scour hole is to be located on the northwest side of the Dan River.
• The use of temporary work bridges in lieu of causeways to construct proposed bridge.
• Temporary construction impacts due to erosion and sedimentation will be minimized
through implementation of stringent erosion control methods and use of Best
Management Practices (BMPs).
• Design Standards for Sensitive Watersheds will be used.
• The existing bridge will serve as an on-site detour during construction of the new bridge.
• The area along the bank of Buck Island Creek will be protected during construction and
no access will be allowed in this area.
• The Contractor may perform clearing operations, but not grubbing operations until
immediately prior to beginning grading operations.
• Stilling basins will be used to hold water impacted by bridge construction activities. The
stilling basins will be located upgradient and on the southwest side of the project area.
Compensatory Miti ation: No compensatory mitigation is proposed for the 33-feet of stream
impacts because the impacts are for bank stabilization and there will be no loss of aquatic
use to the Dan River.
MORATORIUM
In an email dated October 20, 2006, the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission
(NCWRC) requested a moratorium for the Dan River from February 1 to June 30 to protect
the spawning periods for sensitive non-game fish species that are present. Also, in the
Section 7 Consultation field meeting on August 1, 2007, and in a follow up email the
NCWRC recommended an in-water work moratorium to protect smallmouth bass, sunfish,
and other listed species in the project area. However, these species are not afforded federal
or state protection in Waters of the U.S in NC. Additionally, the in-water construction phase
of the proposed project will not significantly affect the above mentioned fish species. In
fact, imposing a moratorium for these species will result an increase of $327,000 in
construction costs and at least a 6 month delay of the project completion, resulting in a
longer sustained effect on the environment. Therefore, the NCDOT does not believe this
moratorium is warranted and does not propose to adhere to it.
SCHEDULE
The project calls for a letting of April 15, 2008 with a date of availability of May 27, 2008.
Permits are needed by the review date of February 26, 2008. It is expected that the
contractor will choose to start construction as soon as possible.
5

PROJECT COMMITMENTS
Stokes County
NC8/89
Bridge No. 60 over Dan River
Federal-Aid Project No. BRSTP-008(4)
State Project No: WBS 33621.1.1
T.I.P. No. B-4281
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit #23 Conditions, the General Nationwide Permit
Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional Conditions, State Consistency Conditions,
NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters,
NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for Construction and Maintenance
Activities, General Certifications, and Section 401 Conditions of Certification, this project will
require formal consultation with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to address impacts
to the Endangered James spinymussel (Pleurobema collina). Additional special commitments
will follow the consultation. The following are special commitments known and agreed to by
NCDOT at this phase of the project development.
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch (PD&EAI:
A formal Consultation with the USFWS in compliance with Section (7a) of the Endangered
Species Act of 1973 will follow this CE document in order to more closely identify the specific
course of action necessary to minimize impacts to the endangered James spinymussel species.
PD&EA and Construction Office, Division 9:
The Dan River in the project area is classified as WS-V waters and is in the Roanoke River
Basin. NC Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) commented that the Dan River supports
a fishery, which includes smallmouth bass, sunfish, and several federal and state listed species.
NCWRC recommends an in-stream moratorium from May 1 to July 15 to protect the egg and fry
stage of the smallmouth bass, sunfish, and many of the listed species.
Structure Design Unit, Construction Office, Division 9:
During final design all practical considerations will be given to avoid placing a bent in the water
of the Dan River by spanning the entire river. Should a bent be necessary, construction will be
accomplished so wet concrete does not contact water entering or flowing in the river.
Categorical Exclusion
July 2005
Green Sheet
Sheet 1 of 4

Dan River, Stokes Co. , NC
Freshwater Mussels -State and Federal listings are from the Natural Heritage Program list of the rare animals species of
North Carolina 2006
NOTE: The James spinymussel and the notched rainbow have been found at, above, and below the NC 8/89 bridge impact area
Common mussels without status (not listed below) are also found around the bridge area, as well as throughout the Dan Basin.
Lasmigona subviridis, has been found in many locations in the Dan River in Stokes County and ray be present in project vicinity.
Alasimidonta undulata, Alasmidonta varicosa, Fusconaia masoni, Strophitus undulatus have been found in the Dan/Roanoke River Basin,
but not near the project site.
Rare mussels are difficult to detect because of their low density, seasonal and reproductive behavior, and burrowing in the substrate.
So,if there has been a historical observation and a mussel is not detected in a current survey, their presence from their area is not precluded.
State*
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Lasmigona subviridi ~ ~ Green floater SE
n~- i mss,
Pleurobema collina James spinymussel SE
~,
1
Villosa contricta Notched rainbow SC
Alasmidonta undulata ' ~' ~ Triangle floater ST
N r~ t

Alasmidonta varicosa ~^;'
~,~~ Brook floater
SE
Fusconaia masoni Atlantic pigtoe SE
Strophitus undulatus Creeper ST
Fed"" WAP
Status Priority Species Host Fish
FSC Yes Reported as direct
development (no host fish)
FE Yes „ Satinfin shiner
=Mountain redbelly dace
~ Bluehead chub
Central stoneroller
Rosefin shiner
n/a Yes ~ Fantail darter

.. Johnny darter?
n/a Yes „Largemouth bass
-White sucker
FSC Yes (Margined madtom
FSC Yes ~ Bluegill
~C-S#~iei~-d~er
n/a Yes .Largemouth bass
~ Creek chub
~ S~e##+e-s+~trter
i Bluegill
Notes
Upstream of project
site
Juveniles have been
found to transform in
greatest number on
bluehead chub
~ x;.
~r~e~ A~'
*ST=state threatened; SE=state endangered;SC=state concern
"*n/a=not applicable, no federal status; FSC=Federal species of Concern; FE=Federal Endangered

Niles ant bblagv mmdled from JenY'ns, R. E. , ant N. M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwala Ilshes d Vrginia. American Flshenes Society Bdhesda, MaMaM.
Tolerance Ratinpsfrom DWG SIaMaN Op«alinp Procedure Bldopical Monil«irp, Strea m Community Assessment hogram, Auwsl t, 2006, 51pp.
Stale ant Federd StaNS xe hom Nduml Hengate Program Llsl of the rare animal species of North Carolina
Fiahaa• Fishes Ihal are present in the xea but rat listed in this Marl include bdh smdlmoulh ant largemouth bass, az well az other tyces of sunfish. There is an acme fishery in the Dan River
la smdlmoulh bazs. largertaulh bass, sunish.
Many of the fish sDedaz xe probably aesenl throughout the Dan Riva in a mNlnaous fashion ant re1uN imlaled to the sm all xeaz Irom the aea sa mde0
Many of minrows in thegemJ ms glmaomus, lux4us, Noloryls, ant PMrJnus will use Nommis leplacephalus (bluehead chu b) nests to spawn.
s,mda Collactad State Fad WAP PrionN Tolarana Ralf
ScienlHic Name Common Nema Status Statue SQecba N( W1YG1 Soewning Dates Tamps lPaak Tamol
Ameiurus lxumeus Bnail bNlhead 5 Yes Intermediate MayJUre
Ameivrus platymphaNS Flat Wllhead 1 2 4 5 Tderenl June-JWy 21-24C
Campasloma anamalum r'CentrN Slonaoller 1 3 4 5 Intermediate April)-May 1S26C
Cdasfomous camrtarsoni '~Yyhite sucker 3 5 Tderanl March-July 1523
CAnoslomus NnMlfoFles Rosyside dam 3 4 6 Intermediate AprLLJUre 12-25C
CypMeNa analmfane ~Satinlin shlna 1 2 4 6 Tderenl JunnJUly
Efheosloma llebedae' -Fantail darter 7 2 3 A 6 Tderenl April-May 1524
Etheoslama ngruma .Johnny dater' present lhraughoul Dan Vas intamedlate ApN-Jure 1525C
Efheosloma podosfemale Rivervread dada 1 2 4 5 SC Na Ves Intolerant Mxch-May 17-20C
Efheoslana vlmum Glassy dada 2 Ves Inlamedlala February-A«il 10.19
Hypa4eFlm njpxans Northern hogsucker 1 4 5 Intermediate ApN-May 11-23C
HyDeNelvm rpanokense Roamke Mgsucka 4 5 SR Na Ves Intermediate Mxch-ADrll 1420C
Leportls auNUS Redbreast sunfish 1 3 1 5 Tdaanl May-August 1528(20-28t
Leponla pibbasus Pumpkinseed 5 Intamedlaie May-August 1528, vxiable
Lepomis macrpchlus &uegWl 5 Intemediate May-September 1525,vaiade
WxArs abedus Whlle stirrer 7 2 4 5 Intemediate MayJUly 17-24C
Luxlus mrasinus Crescent shine 7 3 4 5 Intamedlale MayJUre 17-25C
Lyihmms ardens .Rosdln shlna 1 2 4 5 Intemediate ApN-June 12-25C
MoxwtanaeMAnmxn Golden redhase 1 4 5 Intemediate ApN-May 10.22C
Moxaslame papAbsum V-I prsuckermoulh redhase 6 Yes Intamedlale ApN-July
Nw 'a kptp4uphalu5 v&uehead chub 1 2 3 4 5 Intermediate MayJum 12-25C
Naanas2rlep BuIIMW 4 5 Intermedlate MayJure 1S23C
Nofropis chdAicus Redllp sNrer 1 3 4 5 Intermediate MayJUre 17-20
Ndrpps hWwnius Scetlail shine present Woughaut Dan Intermediate ApN-JUre
NDhpp's proaa SwdlaNall shiner presenltMougMut Dan Intemediate MayJUly -25C
Ndurus p/beni Orangdln madlom 5 3E FSC Yes Intderant ApN-May to June 17-20
IJa'urus inspnis ,Margined madlom 1 3 4 5 Intemediate MayJure 17-23
Percma nevirenses Chainback darter' 2 5 Intolerant Mxch-June 12-16C
Pemlre roanoka Roanoke loner 1 2 4 5 Intolerant Apra-Jure -12C
Phoxirxu aeas ~Mounldn redbdlytlxe 3 Intermdflale ApN-Jure 1425C
Srart«nyton alplllmu5 Sigeye lumprock 1 4 5 T Na Yes Intolerant Febmary-Mann 2-17C
Scertomyton cervlnus BlackOPumxoU 1 0. 6 Intolerant 0.pNJUre 1423
Sempfilus airanaalafus ~ Creek cFUb 3 Tdaanl MacMMay 1S77C
Lfa
~taPgv omar
S7 yrs? TMugn declinira, Removed from NHP WatMlid in 2006
S7 yrs
7-4 yrs Occurdes dear streams, intolerant d lumid'ry ant siltation
max t7 years
max 2-3 yrs
3-0 Yrs
34 yrs ThrlVCS in Gear, undlted 6 sllphlly s9ted streams.
2-3 Vrs
ax 4 Yrs Onry in Dan drainage. Larger populallon in deazer streams.
Ilkdy 2-3 yn Usually oNV taunt In unsllled shifllrg sent, SUCK as saMbxs or sent flats
10 tts Regarded as iddaaN of pollgtion, allaibn & channel modillcatnn
45 yrs? Only In Dan drainage, InlolaaN gf silldion
max 8
ax 8
11
3 yrs
ax. 4 Yrs
ax 2-3 yes - l 1
71 tts
6Yrs
~~5w ~"<,P1 lj Yl~~ r its-Y, ~r~'tY r'4 .
/
(
3 yis Algae, daN material,ant detklus cam«ises lxge pgnion of diet, chub poWlallpns are more delaEl ndear 5lreams(Sun carrot peMhaie lhroughluN E'ly alp
ere caA Iqr on rodsin sad
invent)
5 Ks
? Lives in usually clear streams.
max. 5 Yrs
3 yrs
3 yrs
4 yrs
ax 3 yrs AvddS modaalely & ne~vly silted areas.
max. 3 Yrs
uses Nuehead Mub nest for spawning
57yrs Only In Dan drainage Rare•unwmmon. Siltaton probably caumd extapallon of some poWlalipre.
3,47 yrs Only In Roarake, Tar 8 Neuse (iNmNew R. ). Lives in generdlYdea large streams & rivers
r Ethemfana flabbedare, tartlet) dance, d under IaxonomlNgaxlk study eM may show to be a dfdind subspecies of E. llabbeAare in the DeNRonaoke hash
' Ethemfana rrprum, the lohnrry done, Is dMicull to dislirgulsh from E(heas(oma dmsled ant requkes funkier sWdy.
sPerdna Ne/sense, the chaiMack dance, helae 2001, was considered to be PercNa pelota, the shldd darter. The Shield dance is nowlhe Chainbackdana when lound in the ROZnoke. Tar, and Neuse Basins

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