20000942 Ver 1_Complete File_20000720

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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF'
ENYIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
April l, 1999
Mr. Steve Lund
Asheville Regulatory Field Office . '�
US Army Corps of Engineers � �
151 Patton Avenue, Room 143 -
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Dear Mr. Lund:
Subject: NCDOT Project #R-2596 A
McDowell County
The purpose of this letter is to notify you that the North
Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWR,P) is willing to accept
payment from the North Carolina Department of Tran'sportatiori
(NCDOT). for stream impacts associated.with the subject project in
accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding between the
NCWRP and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Based on information
supplied by the NCDOT in a memorandum dated March 26, 1999, the
impacts associated with the subject project are as follows: 2,611 of
streams and 0.77 acres of wetlands. Assuming a 2:1 ratio for
compensatory mitigation, the NCWR,P will provide the amount and
type of required mitigation in Cataloging ZTnit 03050101 of the
Catawba River.
If you have any questions or need additional information I can
be reached at 919-733-5219. .
Sincerely,
��l� �
Ronald . Ferrell
Program Manager,
Wetlands Restoration Program
cc: John Dorney
� David Robinson
' P.O. BOX 29535� RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27626-0535
PNONE 919-733-7015 FAX [phone]
AN EpUAL OPPORTUNITY /AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - SOq RECYCLED/1 Oq� POST-CONSUMER PAPER
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ST'ATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPART[v�ENT OF TRANSPORTATION
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__�AMES_B._HUNT J_R.___ P.O. BOX2520L RALEIGH. N.C. 27G11-5201 _ E._NORRIS_TQLSON__._____.__
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
March 20,1998
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 143
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
ATTN:
Dear Sir:
Subject
Mr. Steve Lund
NCDOT Coordinator
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McDowell County, Widening of U.S. 221 from NC 226 to north of SR 1573;
TIP No. R-2596A; State Project No: 8.T87i 101.
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The North Carolina Department of Transportation proposes to widen US 221 in McDowell
County from NC 226 near Woodlawn to 0.3 mile north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road) near
North Cove. The project calls for upgrading the existing two-lane roadway to a multi-lane
facility. The project will be approximately 3.8 miles in length and will consist of combinations
of four-lane and five-lane typical sections with some new alignment to improve roadway
curvature. US 221 from the southern project limit t� 0.4 mile north of NC 226 (0.3 mile) will be
widened to a five-lane section with shoulders. From 0.4 mile north of NC 226 to 0.4 mile south
of SR 1556 (0.7 mile) NC 221 will be widened to a four-lane divided facility with a 22 foot
median barrier. The remaining 2.8 miles, from 0.4 mile south of SR 1556 to 0.3 mile north of
SR 1573, will be a four-lane divided facility with a 46 foot grass median.
US 221 is classified as a principle north-south corridor, providing access betweeri the foothills of
the state and the northwest mountains. The Transportation Improvement Program project
R-2596 is divided into three segments for planning and construction purposes. Section A has
independent utility from parts B and C. Section A is the most heavily traveled portion of the
R-2596 corridor. Just north of Section A, as shown in figure 5 of the Environmental Assessment
(EA), the traffic volumes decrease by 45% since much of the traffic is generated by the Baxter
Healthcare plant along SR 1573. The project is also of sufficient length to address environmental
concerns on a broad scope without restricting the consideration of alternatives for Sections B and
C. A project breakdown map (Figure 1) is included for reference. Impacts associated with other
sections will be evaluated in separate documents if improvements to these sections are funded in
the future.
The environmental impacts, including the alternative selection process, of Section A were
evaluated in a State Environmental Assessment (EA) dated Apri125, 1995 and a Finding of No
Significant Impact (FONSI) dated Julv 2�_ ' �`��. _ . ._,_ t:- c^r` :;- �'�°^ `hat
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investigated impacts to natural systems and protected species. No Threatened or Endangered
Species will be impacted by the proposed project.
Construction of the proposed project will require impacts to waters of the United States,
_ _including both jurisdictional wetlands and surface waters. Wetland delineations were performed
using delineation criteria prescribed in the "Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual"
(Environmental Laboratory, 1987). Wetlands will be impacted by the placement of fill as well as
clearing. Surface waters will primarily be impacted by the construction of new pipes and
culverts at stream crossings as well as channel relocation. The department has prepared permit
drawings which depict the impact areas. The enclosed permit drawings include a summary of the
project impacts in metric units. Tables 1 and 2 summarize impacts to waters of the United States
by site number, wetland impacts, and surface water impacts in English units.
Table 1. Wetland Impact Summary
Site Number Station Number
II
III
V
VI
VII
VIII
Total
1+680 LREV
1+880 to LREV
2+240 LREV
2+890 LREV to
2+990 LREV
3+530 LREV to
3+720 LREV
4+970 LREV
5+160 LREV to
5+220 LREV
Fill in Wetlands
ha (acres)
0.008 (0.019)
0.002 (0.005)
Clearing in
Wetlands ha (acres)
0.003 (0.007)
0.0
0.042 (0.104) 0.0
0.129 (0.319)
0.025 (0.062)
0.045 (0.116)
------------------------ 0.251 (0.625)
0.05 (0.124)
0.006 (0.015)
0.002 (0.005)
0.061 (0.151)
Table 2. Surface Water Impacts
Site Station Number Fill in Surface Impacted Channel
Waters (acres) Length (feet)
I 1+200 LREV to 0.114 � +3.2
1+560 LREV
II 1+680 LREV 0.005 -82
III 1+880 to LREV 0.0 -1590.8
2+240 LREV .
IV 2+620 LREV to 0.0 -328.0
2+730 LREV
V 2+890 LREV to 0.042 -150.9
2+990 LREV
VI 3+530 LREV to 0.0 -154.2
3+720 LREV
VII 4+970 LREV 0.0 -147.6
IX 5+680 LREV 0.029 � -160.7
Total ---------------------- 0.190 -2611
note: (+) denotes a positive differential in relocated and existing stream channel
(-) denotes a negative differential in relocated and existing stream channel
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As stated in tables 1 and 2, sites I, III, V, VI, VII, and VIII involve impacts to wetlands
and sites I through VII and IX involve impacts to surface waters. A vicinity map depicting the
location of each site is included for reference.
S everaLmitigation_op.tions_aze_c.urrentl.y_being_consider.e.d_to_offset_unavoidable_unp.acls_to
jurisdictional surface waters and wetlands. Potential on-site restoration, creation and
enhancement opportunities are being investigated. Additionally, a search for suitable mitigation
sites in the Catawba River basin for both surface water and wetland mitigation is currently being
conducted. NCDOT has identified several sites containing possible mitigation opportunities.
Entry permits have been obtained and feasibility studies aze currently underway.
In summary, impacts to waters of the United States tota10.78 acres of jurisdictional
wetlands and 2,611 linear feet of surface waters due to roadway fill, pipes and culverts. Enclosed
is a completed notification form and drawings that depict impacts to waters of the United States.
Based on the discussed impacts to waters of the United States, the department requests
authorization under a Section 404 Individual Permit to construct the project. By copy of this
letter and application, the department also requests that the DWQ review this project for 401
Water Quality Certification.
Thank you for you assistance. If you have any questions or need additional information,
please contact Mr. Lindsey Riddick at [phone], extension 315.
Sincerely,
�
H. Franklin Vick, PE, Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
HFV/plr
Attachments
cc: Mr. John Dorney, DWQ
Mr. Whit Webb, P. E., Program Development Branch
Mr. R. L. Hill, P.E., State Highway Engineer - Design
Mr. A. L. Hankins, P. E., Hydraulics Unit
Mr. William J. Rogers, P. E., Structure Design Unit
Mr. Tom Shearin, P. E., State Roadway Design Engineer
Mr. W. D. Smart, P. E., Division 13 Engineer
Mr. Mark Davis, Western Mt. Region Coordinator
Mr. David.Cox, NCWRC
Ms. Kathy Matthews, EPA ,

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� j APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT
l33 CFR 3251
OMB APPROVAL NO. 0710-003
Expires October 1996
Pu61ic reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 5 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructio�s,
searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collectian of information. Send
: �mments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to
Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Service Directorate of InformationOperations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite
1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302; and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0710-OQ031, Washington, DC
20503. Please DO NO RETURN your form to either of thoee addresses. Completed applications must be submitted to the District Engineer having
jurisdiction over the location of ths proposed aetivity.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT
•--°•-••-�• -- --- ---• ------- --• -• ----- _ � . . . __- - _ - - --
-----_ _... _ - - - - -..
navigable wetera of the Unitsd States, the discharge of dredged or fill material into weters of the United States, and the transportation of dredged
materiel for the purpose of dumping it into ocean waters. Routine Uses: Information provided on this form will be used in evaluating the application
for a permit. Disclosure: Disclosu�e of requested information is voluntary. If information is not provided, however, the permit application cannot be
processed nor can e permit be issued.
One set of original drawings o� good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this
apptication (see sample drawings and instructions) and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of the proposed
activity. An application that is not completed in full will be retumed.
1. APPLICATION N0. � 2. FIELD OFFICE CODE � 3. DATE RECEIVED
5. APPLICANT'S NAME
NCDOT - Planning and Environmental Branch
6. APPLICANT'S ADDRESS
P. 0. B ox 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611
a. Residenca
b. Business [phone]
4. DATE APPLICATION COMPLETED
8. AUTHORIZEO AGENT'S NAME AND TITLE Isn eeen�ia not repuired!
H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
9. AGENT'S ADDRESS
a. Residence
b. Business
� � STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION
1 hereby authorize, to act in my behalf as my agent in the processing of this application and to
furnish, upon request, supplemental information in support of this permit application.
APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE DATE
NAME, LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12. PROJECT NAME OR TITLE Isae instructionsl
R-2596A > >
13. NAME OF WATERBODY, IF KNOWN !il epp/icab/el
See Drawings
15. LOCATION OF PROJECT
McDowell � - ' ` � NC
COUNTY STATE
14. PROJECT STREET ADDRESS rrI evvl;camel
US221 ,�� ., . . a
16..OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS,.IF KNOWN, Isaeinstructionsl ,
US 221 from NC 226 to North of SR 1573
17. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE ,
cQA at�a�ch�d vic�.nitv m�� . . . , . ^.

i 8. iVature o� i+CilViiy (Description c,' nr'^•r�c;, +r:r.:naa :i, -_r�n�rs;
Upgrade the existing two-lane roadway to a multi-lane roadway partially on new location.
19. P�OjeCt PUfpOSB /Deuribs ths rosson or purpose ol the projeet, aee �,unuersns�
To improve traffic flow along US 221 and to improve safety through improvements in
-th�hnriznntaLand-vertical_alignme�ts-of-the-r-oadwa.y- -
USE BLOCKS 20-22 IF DREDGED ANDIOR FILL MATERIAL IS TO BE DISCHARGED
20. Reason(s) for Discharge
The project. is a linear project. Topographic and safety restrictions severly
limit avoidance alternatives.
21. Type(s1 of Material Being Discharged and the Amount of Each Type in Cubic Yards
See drawings and summary sheet.
22. Surface Area in Acres of Wetlands or Other Waters Filled rsee insnuerrons�
0.78 acre
23. Is Any Portion of the Work Already Complete? Yes No �_ IF YES, DESCRIBE THE COMPLETED WORK
24. Addresses of Adjoining Property Owners, Lessees, Etc., Whose Property Adjoins the Waterbody (If more than can be entered here,
please attach a supplemental Iist1.
See attached list.
25. List of Other Certifications or Approvals/Denials Received from other Federal, State or Local Agencies for Work Described in This Application.
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL• IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OATE APPLIED DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED
'Would include but is not restricted to zoning, building and flood plain permits
26. Application is hereby made for a ermit o per s to authorize the work described in this application. I certify that the intormation in this
application i o plete an c rate. I rt r certify that I possess the authority to undertake the work described herein or am acting as the
duly ut or' d gent of plica -
. � - 3
. _-
__._.:.___ __. ---StGNATCIRE OF APPL�CANT ----- ---- --- - --D TE - -- : _ :_ _�:___._ V_,; SIGNATURE OF AGENT - -----••- - - —DATE ----- ----
The application must be signed by the person who desires to undertake the proposed activity (applicant) or it may be signed by a duly
authorized agent if the statement in block 1 1 has been filled out and signed. � ,
18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States
"' knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals, or covers up any trick, scheme, or disguises a material fact or makes any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any false, fictitious or
fraudulent sLaL°m�nts �r en?r•� II hP £�� n• rti c�n n,nu �o n,.. �:,
sha �n_._. r, mr,r� , ar . , _ „ ir.;r•isC d .. ^�r,r., th?r , .., vn,.,._ .. � s�--t�;.

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� , , - - ` � •. � (RT1 •0005 � !RT) �s�' '(REV' STA5�G86 GRA55 LlED
�. �% � 3� �/7f/ SEE DETAt M
GUY N. LONON _ �S� .� • lOB3' � L. . �C 1099' I/(
_ os- �u - r�s �o �� ' � � / �.�% � c. F. �or�oa �
,. .. .� . . � zJ\ �� .;,� , .. i P�, �°�" � ° OB 97 PG 231
i' � ` •
� J9j � S _ -.a�•b' ��� •'
� \ , �� '� !„- . BED MATERInI Q i30 Tb�K
� - � C}IANrEL EXCAVATION Q HO+�
n�.,!�,�^.� � ' � CUIVERT EXCAV�T� d �'
NOOD$ .
� - ' ' �. -�• �- - ' ., �F_NOTCS (i�L ��r s�RFA�� � NOTE : EXTF�A BARREL ADDED
- __ " ^ wA-rcas, _____. ! FOR QEAR CROSSING
SCA�E � �
�
O�� lO�, LO� 40M ;
1
i
i
�
SITE � �• C. DI.�P:�RT`I��T OF 1'R.a�SI?ORT.�TIO�
DIV7:SI0\ 01� iiIGH��:�1S
�Icl)Oh'ELL COU\TY
S.T871101 R-2596.;
US 221 FRO�I �C 22o TO �ORT�:
OF SR 1�6f
SF[EET �� OF �v

Naturci
Ground d
DETAI� �
STREAM RELOCATION
( Not to Scale )
b Proposed
�— Fili Natural
Slope Ground
Z\ 4',/
Filter Fabric� I L� I Min, D= 1.25 m
Maxa d = 0•5 m
� Type o-f Liner = NAT. BED MATERIAL
- L REV- ST/�. 1+200 TO 1+280
- L RE U- STA. 1+360 TO 1�-560
- L REV- STA. 2+890 TO 2�-990
Naturai
Ground ��`�,°°/
�� Exista Stream �
b-VAR m i
B= 2.0 m �
� DETAI�
STREAM RE�OCATION
( Not to Scale )
b Proposed
� Fill Natural
� Slope Ground �
� 2� 4'./
`: Filter Fabric� I I� I Min. D= �•2 m �
Max. d= 0•5 m b= 3-6 m
; Type oi Liner =NAT. BED M.ATERIAL B= 3 m
- L f�EV- STA. 3+520 TO 3+620
Existo Stream
�. c. n�-�� �i� �>�j�_�-r or i�:�.a;<s�o�T_a��zoN
i�tvrszo� �r f�ict���°.a��s
`(cl)01�'EI�L COli\T1'
S .'C8 i 1101 R-2�9Ci.�
iiS 227 FRO'I V.r ?�o 'i'O \ORTN
O�� Skt 1:i66
sF{Fe-r a� r;� 30

: .
PARCEL N0. PROPERTY O�NERS
1 ROBERT E. McCALL,�.D.
400 AVINGER LN.
APT, 127
DAV[DSON, N.C, 280)6
7 d.L. GOOD, HEIRS
� REED GOOD,JR.
RT.2, BOX 431
AEBO, N.C. 28161.
- 4Z GRACE G. SM[TH
� L,J. GREENLEE
RT.3
�ARION, N.C. 28152
S .1PPALACHIAN HOLDING C0.
X ROGER ANDREWS
RT.J, 80X 262
MARION, N.C. 28152
Ph�CEL N0.
1
8
12
14
PROPERTY OWNERS
JOHN H, LONON
P.O. BOX S11
ST. PAUL; VA. 24283
BEVERLY L. FOSrER
RT.J, BOx 36�
NAAION, N.C, 281SZ
W.G, LONON
RT.3, 80X 48S
NARION, N.C. 28152
C,F. LONON
RT.1, 80X 481
MARION, N.C, 28152
�---- -- . _ . ---. _..
�
i ,
. i �: . c . »t:�.a�tr�iL�1- or-� �i��;.a�.,NO�1�.�Tzo� �
DIVISIO\ O1? HIGHtd.a1'S �
?1cD01�'I;Li: COU�T1' � '
. . 8.T37110]. P-'?�96.�
, � �'S 'Z21 i-RO?f \C 220 "I`O :`:O;'.1�F� i
OF SR.1�66
I si-ieF_ a�� o� 30

r
� . SUMMARY SHEET
i '
i
i . '
� SITE STAT[ON CLEARING IN FILL [N FILL IN _ LENGTH OF _L_ENGTH OF_EX.I.STING_L
— � ---
� WETLANDS WE1'LANDS SURFACE EXISTING RELOCATED IN CULVERT
I (ha� (ha� WATERS STREAM STREhM
� (ha► (ml (ml (m1
� I 1+200-LREV-
; TO 1+S60-LREV- 0 0 .046 303.0 304.0 34.5
�
; II 1+680-LREV- .001 ,008 .002 25.0 0 28.0
i li[ 1+880-LREV- '
� TO 2+240-LREV- 0 .002 0 485,0 160.0. 14,0
i
' IV 2+620-LREV-
� TO 2+7J0-LREV- 0 0 0 100.0 0 0
I
' v 2+a9a-�REV-
�
TO 2+990-LREV- 0 .042 ,011 110.0 124.0 21.0
i V[ 3+S30-LREV-
� TO 3+120-LREV- .OS ,129 0 154.0 101,0 1J,0
i
! VII 4+910-LREU- ,006 .025 0 4i.0 0 1J.0
�
� VIfI 5+160-LREV-
� TO 5+220-LREV- .002 .045 0 0 0 0
; .
i[X 5+680-LREV- 0 0 ,012 0 0 9.0
� ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------
� TOTALS Ofil ,251 .011 1282.0 695.0 132.5
NOTE; ALL SITES ARE AdOVE HEADWATERS EXCEPT FOR SITE IX
�• .
100.0
T3.0
60.5
56.0
0
18.0
1S6.S0
\ . C . 1�!:-Pa}h'!'�1L•'�"1' 01�� 1'I;.;:;SP�;,T:1TIG(�S
DI','I51:0\ OP H.'•.GHId:\1`S
`tc?)OIdELL CCU�'1'1'
8. T'8 i 1101 P-2�9Ci.�
i-•`S `L?1 FRO?! \!' ?�U �1�1 \Ok:?'j�
OF Sii 1�6ci �
sF;� �-; 3v n�_; �
,
I_.

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Ja mes & Hunt, Jr., G ove mor
� Jonathan B� Howes� Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director.
MEMORANDUM
To: Melba McGee
/••
�
�EHN�
September 26, 1996
; ,
From: Eric Galamb� ;
Subject: FONSI for US 221 from NC 226 to SR 1573
McDowell County
State Project DOT No. 8.T871101, TI P#R-2596A
EHNR # 97-0140 �
The subject document has been reviewed by this office. The Division of Water Quality
(DWQ) is responsible for the issuance of the Section 401 Water Quality Certification
for activities which impact waters of the state including wetlands. The document
states that 0.53 acres of waters including wetlands will be impacted: DOT is reminded
that endorsement of a FONSI by DWQ would ,not preclude the denial of a 401
Certification upon application if wetland impacts have not been avoided and minim'ized .
to the rnaximum extent practicable. , � ;
Questions regarding the 401 Certification should be directed to Eric Galamb (733-
1786) in DWQ's Water Quality Environmental Sciences Branch.
cc: Michelle Suverkrubbe �
us221.fon
; �
, ;
; ;. . � ;).
s�p2�1996�
Environmental Sciences Branch • 4401 Reedy Creek Road • Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity �rmative Action Empbyer 509'a recyCled/10�e post consumer paper
0
.,

I
;j �> Department of Environment, liealth, and Natural Resour�es =
Ofiice of Legislative and Iniergovernmental Affairs
Project Review Form
Project Number. County:
� - I� l �� l/�.��(.
�d1�5� � �S 2?il
This project is being reviewed as indicated below:
Date:
❑ Project located in 7th floor library
Oate Response Due (firm deadline):
9 � ��l ��
Regional OtficelPhone Regional Office Area In-House Review
❑ Asheville ❑ All R/O Areas ❑ Soil and Water ❑ Marine Fisheries
❑ Fayetteville ❑ Air ❑ Coastal Management ❑ Water Planning
❑ Water ❑ Water Resources ❑ Environmental Health
❑ Mooresville
❑Groundwater �Wildlife ❑Solid Waste Management
❑ Raleigh ❑ Land Quality Engineer �Forest Fiesources ❑ Radiation Protection
❑ Washington ❑ Recreational Consultant ❑ Land Resources ❑ David Foster
❑ Coastal Management Consultant �Parks and Recreation ❑ Other (specify)
❑ Wilmington
❑ Others �i Environmental Management
❑ Winston-Salem pWg Monica Swihart
i
Manager Sign•Off/Region: Date: In-House Reviewer/Agency:
Response (check all applicable)
Regional Office response to be compiled and completed by Regional Manager
❑ No objection to project as proposed '
� No Comment
❑ Insufficient information to complete review
❑ Approve
❑ Permit(s) needed (permit files have been checked)
❑ Recommended for further development with recommendations for
strengthening (comments attached)
❑ Recommended for further development if specific 8 substantive
changes incorporated by funding agency (comments
attached/authority(ies) cited)
RETURN T0:
Melba McGee
�s.,o�
In-House Reviewer complete individual response:
u Not recommended for further development for reasons
stated in attached comments (authority(ies) cited)
❑ Appiicant has been contacted
❑Applicant has not been contacted
❑ Project Controversial (comments attached)
❑ Consistency Statement needed (comments attached)
❑ Consistency Statement not needed
❑ Full EIS must be required under the provisions of
NEPA and SEPA
t_� Other (specify and attach comments)
� Ofiice of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs

..
;�
US 221
From NC 226 to North of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
McDowell County
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3)
State Project No. 8.T871101
R-2596A
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IlVIPACT
U. S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
and
N. C. Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Submitted Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)
�-- - �
� � .
- ' �9� . ranklin Vick, P. E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
d
��� �
Date �1ich �s L. Graf, P. E.
� �ivision Administrator, FHWA

�
US 221
From NC 226 to North of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
McDowell County
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3)
State Project No. 8.T871101
R-2596A
ADNIlNISTRATIVE ACTION
FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IlVIPACT
Documentation Prepared in Planning and Environmental Branch by:
Ma k L. ep, P. E.
Project Plamung Engineer
,e���H�ollfll►�� ..
Q,.•• �� CARp� ''•..
&a 0. o,e.....o� �j�,�°sa
ea �'�sO�ES��QA<'.� �°e
� a �P ° �
G� � ' °s
7/2G/�'� ;E � 1 g8A g � � �
.
e
.
s
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�T
pQ �� �c ,�,� � �E� �� � o,.
�fe' .�r,�• eoe��e���✓�+'�q.'�a
t�` �r/� L (�. seF
�,,����Illll�t\��,
•
Linwood Stone, CPM
Project Planning Engineer, Unit Head

SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SPECIAL PROJECT COMMITMENTS
A. �Stream-chyrel.o:cation will_be-required-alorig-H�ickor-y Botbom-Br-anch, Conley
Branch, and its tributary (refer to Section VII.G for further discussion). The relocated
channel will be designed according to the NC Wildlife Resources Commission
'�Guidel�ines-for-Mountain-Stream Relocation in_N.or.th Carolina:i Strict adherence to
Best 1Vlariagement-Practices and�Sedimentation Control�g idelines-for-High_Q.uality�
,vVaters will-he-imnYernerited alon� Hickorv Bottom_Branch�(refer to discussion in Secti
IV.D.2.c
B. All waters=within=NlcDowel�l�Gounty are Mountain Trout Waters as designated by the
�U:S. Army Corps of Enginee s�`�jThis designation requires that applicants obtain a letter of
c.ornment:and-recommenda"tion'from the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) and a letter of concurrence from the Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
before discharging any dredged or fill material into waters of the United States that occur
within any of the 25 designated counties. The letter of comment and recommendation
from the NCWRC will be obtained during the permit application process (refer to Section
II.A for further discussion). The proposed culverts will be designed in coordination with
the NCWRC and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
C. No instream construction activities will be performed during the trout spawning period of
November 1 to April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages from sedimentation (refer to
discussion in Section IV.D.2.c of the EA).
D. Special attention will be given to installing and maintaining the appropriate erosion
control and sedimentation control devices. During construction, the following measures
will be implemented to minimize disturbance to existing trout streams (refer to discussion
in Section IV.D.2.c of the EA):
Any material excavated for footings in or near water will be removed from the
immediate vicinity to prevent it from eroding back into the water.
2. All runoff crossing the construction azea will be directed to temporary silt basins
via lateral ditches with rock check dams to slow and filter the runoff prior to
discharging into the river.
3. Approach roadway fill slopes shall be provided at the toe of the fill. Berms along
the top of the fill slope will be used to convey runoff laterally to temporary slope
drains, which empty into temporary sediment basins.
E. NCDOT is examining appropriate measures to allow black bears and other wildlife to
safely cross the project. (refer to discussion in Section V.B of this document). These
design measures are being coordinated with the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission
and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. If determined to be feasible, wildlife crossing
measures will be incorporated into the final design of the project.

.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
I. DESCRIPTION OF THE RECONIlvIENDED ACTION ................................. 1
II. ACTIONS REQUIRED BY OTHER AGENCIES ......................................... 1
A. Permits Required ................................................................................. 1
B. Stream Rechannelization ..................................................................... 2
III. NEED FOR ACTION .................................................................................... 2
IV. CIRCULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ........................... 2
V. CONIMENTS RECEIVED ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .......... 3
�
A. Environmental Protection Agency ......................................................
B. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission .................................................
C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources -
Division of Environmental Management .............................................
COIVIlVIENTS RECEIVED DURING AND SUBSEQUENT TO TI�
PUBLICHEARING ...................................................................................
VII. REVISIONS TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ......................
A. Cost Estimates ....................................................................................
B. Cross Sections ....................................................................................
C. Median Openings ................................................................................
D. Retaining Wall ....................................................................................
E. Drainage Structures .............................................................................
F. Relocation Impacts ..............................................................................
G. Archaeological Resources ...................................................................
H. Stream Rechannelization .....................................................................
I. Wetland Findings ...........................................................:....................
J. Hazardous Materials ...........................................................................
VIII. BASIS FOR FINDING OF NO SIGIVIFICANT IMPACT ..............................
Fi�ures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Vicinity Map
Proposed Typical Sections
Proposed Median Openings
Proposed Stream Rechannelization and Wetland Impacts
Apnendix
Appendix A - Agency Comments
Appendix B- Relocation Assistance Report
3
5
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
11
12

US 221
From NC 226 to North of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road}
McDowell County
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3)
State Project No. 8.T871101
R-2596A �
I. DESCRIPTION OF RECONIlVIENDED ACTION
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen US 221 in
McDowell County from NC 226 near Woodlawn to just north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road) near
North Cove. The project calls for upgrading the e�stmg two-lane roadway to a multilane facility, a
length of approximately 5.7 kilometers (3.6 miles) involving some new alignment to straighten the
roadway curvature (refer to Figure 1 for project location).
�Fiv_e=lane-and-four=lane-divided_t.y.pic la sections are recommended along the project. A five-lane
shoulder section is proposed from NC 226 to 0.4 kilometer (0.2 mile) north of SR 1562 (Johnson Hollow
Road). A four-lane divided section with a 14-meter (46-foot) median is proposed from 0.4 kilometer (0.2
mile) north of SR 1562 to 0.7 kilometer (0.4 mile) north of SR 1556 (Amencan Thread Road). A four-
lane divided section with a 9-meter (30-foot) median is proposed from 0.7 kilometer (0.4 mile) north of
SR 1556 to 0.7 kilometer (0.4 mile) north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road) (refer to recommended typical
sections in Figure 2).
The project is included in the 1997-2003 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The
estimated project cost in the TIP is $ 17,620,000, which includes $2,220,000 for nght of way and
$15,400,000 for construction. The current estimated cost is $14,920,000, which includes $2,220,000 for
right of way and $12,700,000 for construction. The project is scheduled for right of way acquisition and
construction in fiscal years 1997 and 1998, respectively.
II. ACTIONS REQUIRED BY OTHER AGENCIES
A. Permits Required
In accordance with provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344), a permit
will be required from the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers for the discharge of dredged or fill material into
"Waters of the United States". Based upon site location and estimated acreage involved, it is anticipated
that impacts will be authorized by Nationwide Permit 33 CFR 330.5 (a) (-�)�This permit generally
authorizes discharges of dredge or fill material in wetlands located above the headwaters [flow less than
1.5 cubic meters (5 cubic feet) per second] of non-tidal rivers, streams and their lakes and impoundments
including adjacent wetlands.
All waters within McDowell County are Mountain Trout Waters as designated by the Corps of
Engineers. This designation requires that applicants obtain a letter of comment and recommendation
from the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) and a letter of concurrence from the
Wilmington District Corps of Engineers before discharging any dredged or fill material into waters of the
United States that occur within any of the 25 designated counttes. The EA stated (Page 25) that the
comment letter from NCWRC would be obtained pnor to completing the final document. However, in
coordination with the NCWRC, it was determined that this letter is usually prepared prior to permit
authorization. For this reason, the letter of comment and recommendation will be obta�ned during the
permit application process. The proposed culverts will be designed in coordination with the NCWRC and
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

-�A 40�1:-Wat re Quality Certification (WQC) administered through the N.C. Department of
Environme Health and Natural Resources will be required. This certificate is issued for any activity
which may result in a discharge into waters for which a federal permit is required. WQC number 2671 is
anticipated for discharge into headwaters and isolated waters.
B. Stream Rechannelization
-�trib�ary�(refer to Section VII.G for further-discu'ssion). These stream relocations will be minimized and '
des�gned according to the NCWRC "Guidelines for Mountain Stream Relocation in North Carolina."
NCDOT will coordinate these stream relocation activities with the NCWRC and U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 USC 661 et seq.).
III. NEED FOR ACTION
The project is located along the US 221 / NC 105 segment of the National Highway System that
provides access between the foothills of the state and the northwest mountains. The subject portion of
US 221 is characterized by a narrow, sinuous alignment with poor sight distance, few passing zones, and
a low design speed. Tfiis_tw, o-lane facility-currentl.y_oper.ates-at level�of ser_vice E(LQS-E) and has an
accident rate that is above the statewide avera�e-for-stmilar�facilities.
To increase the traf�ic flow and safety along this section of roadway, multilane improvements are
needed. The project will straighten the sinuous alignment to increase the sight distance and design speed.
The straightened alignment and wider travel lanes will also reduce the potential for vehicles to run off the
road. The additional travel lanes will improve the traffic carrying capacity of the roadway and provide an
acceptable level of service through the design year. The subject project will complete a continuous
multilane facility between Marion and North Cove for improved travel and safety.
IV. CIRCULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
-. . . . . ., f; . . ; �... : ' ' _
.. . .. '. '�:: . -. . ...t.., �� ... ' '.�ji��:. ..� . .
, ' .. ... - ... ._ � �?� . . _
; The environmental assessment was circulated among the�following federal, state; and local
agencies. Written comments were received from agencies noted with an asterisk (*). ,
*Army Corps of Engineers
LT. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U. S. Forestry Service
*Environmental Protection Agency
Region C& D Planning Agencies
* State Clearinghouse
Department of Cultural Resources
.... *Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Department of Human Resources
*Department of Public Instruction
*N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission
McDowell County Commissioners
These comments and issues, included in Appendix A, have been addressed in this document.

V. COMIVIENTS RECEIVED ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
A. Environmental Protection Agency
Comment:
Segmentation of Parts B and C from Part A could limit alternatives for Parts B and C.
Additionally, some evaluation of the anticipated impacts on Parts B and C should be conducted to get an
idea of the cumulative impacts with the entire project.
Response:
The subject project (Part A) has independent utility from Parts B and C. Part A is the most
heavily traveled portion of the R-2596 corridor. Just north of Part A, as shown on Figure 5 of the EA,
the traffic volumes decrease by 45 percent since much of the traffic is generated by the Ba�er Healthcare
plant along SR 1573. For these reasons the project provides logical termini. The project limits are of
sufficient length to address environmental matters on a broad scope without restrictmg the consideration
of alternatives for parts B and C.
Comment:
Of the alternatives evaluated in the vicinity of Hickory Bottom Branch, EPA prefers Alternative 1
since it requires less stream rechannelization (600 feet) than Alternative 2(1375 feet) or Alternative 3
(1825 feet).
Res�onse:
The EA (Page 25) stated that Alternative 2 will impact two portions of Hickory Bottom Branch
requiring a total of 775 feet of stream rechannelization, not 1375 feet. Although this alternative does
require more stream rechannelization, the affected stream segment has already been disturbed. The
recommended alignment will minimize utility conflicts with a telephone switching st! ation. Based on more
_.._. _.,. . �.--------- -, - •- ---- -----------------�-----,------ --- - ---
'for further-discussion of the_pr.oposed-stream-rechannelizatior�}.
Comment:
The final document should verify whether the environmental impacts are for the preferred
alternative or all alternatives.
Response:
The environmental impacts presented in the EA are for the .recommended-alternati�e_(Alternative,�
f2�?
Comment:
The final document should address whether a carbon monoxide (CO) problem is anticipated at
stop-sign controlled intersections and what measures are proposed to reduce queuing.

4
Response:
Based on NCDOT's past experience with projects in attainment and non-attainment areas, CO
levels at stop-sign controlled intersections have not been found to exceed the ma�cimum NAAQS levels.
For this reason, the FHWA does not require air-quality analyses at intersections.
Comment:
EPA encourages compensation for wetland losses under any wetland permit and has requested
such mitigation for Nationwide Permits in the past. Wetland mitigation should consider any additional
wetlands that could be cumulatively lost In Parts B and C.
Response:
The EPA's recommendations concerning wetland mitigation have been noted. Applicable permits
will be obtained from the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers prior to the project's construction.
Comment:
Since all waters in McDowell County are designated as Mountain Trout Waters, EPA
recommends that such crossings be feasibly avoided and that strict Best Management Practices for
erosion control be implemented where unavoidable. Stream relocations should be designed using the
N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission [NCWRC] guidelines. In addition, the stream relocations should be
coordinated with the NCWRC and the U:S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Res�onse:
impacts have been minimized to the extent practicable: D
and stringent sedimentation and erosion control measures
and erosion in the area of these streams.
id'ing retaining wall"s. Unavoidable stream
construction, Best Management Practices
�e implemented to control sedimentation
Stream relocations will be designed using the NCWRC "Guidelines for Mountain Stream
Relocation in North Carolina." Prior to obtaining the required permits, concurrence from the NCWRC
will be required. During the permit application process, NCDOT will consult with a NCWRC fisheries
biologist in the area regarding the channel changes.
Comment:
EPA believes that all noise increases are impacts and that increases of 10 dB or more are
substantive impacts. This differs from FHWA guidelines. Also, the EPA believes that individuals tend to
"tolerate", not "accept" the noises which intrude into their lives. Mitigation should also be considered for
the eight residences with predicted noise levels approaching or exceeding 67 dB.
Response:
The project will be designed and constructed according to FHWA noise abatement guidelines
contained in Part 772 of Title 23 of the Code of Federal Regulations. NCDOT, in consultation with the
FHWA, has considered all prudent mitigation measures for the impacted areas. The statement suggesting
that individuals tend to "tolerate" intruding noises has been noted.

�-
, .
Comment:
The final document should clarify if the project will in any way disproportionately af%ct
minorities or low income groups. �
Response:
The project relocates two residences and two businesses between SR 1564 (Martin Branch Road)
and SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road). The residential relocatees are non-minority, moderate income families
with estimated annual incomes ranging from $15,000 to $35,000 (refer to Relocation Report in Appendix
B and discussion in Section VII:F).
North of SR 1556 (American Thread Road), the project widens the existing roadway on the east
side, away from a mobile home park containing 17 residences. However, the proposed right of way
impacts the park's septic fields located on the east side of US 221. During the right of way acquisition
stage of the project, this property will be reviewed in detail to determine if the septic fields can be moved
to another part of the property so the mobile homes may remain. If adequate septic facilities cannot be
constructed at another location on the existing property, the residents will be relocated. All but one of
these residents are moderate-income families with estimated annual incomes ranging from $15,000 to
over $50,000. One is a low-income family with an estimated annual income less than $15,000. None are
minorities.
Based upon this information, it can be concluded that no minority or low income group will be
disproportionately affected by the project.
Comment:
NCDOT proposes to relocate Cove Antiques; a business with potential underground storage
tanks (UST's) to exist on the property. If UST's are relocated, coordination should occur with the N.C.
Division of Environmental Management with EPA oversight.
Res.ponse:
Based upon an investigation of the Cove Antiques property, no UST's will be relocated from this
property (refer to discussion in Section VII.I).
Comment:
We recommend continued coordination with the SHPO regarding archaeological resources.
Should any new sites be unearthed during construction, the SHPO should be contacted and , at the
discretion of the SHPO, construction stopped until further notified by the SHPO.
Response:
The project will be completed in compliance with applicable state and federal regulations
regarding cultural resources.
B. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission
Comment:
The presence of culverts along the roadway does not automatically mean that black bears and
other mammals will use them to get to the other side of the road. NCDOT should examine the feasibility

6
of including measures that would increase the probability of animals using the culverts, such as installing
oversized culverts or providing fencing to help lead an animal to the culvert.
Response:
NCDOT is examining appropriate measures to allow black bears and other wildlife to safely cross
the project. Fencing is not a desirable option for guiding these animals toward crossing locations
because of the numerous openings required at driveways and intersecting roads. However, oversized
stream crossing culverts or a new wildlife crossing culvert may be feasible in areas where animals are
likely to cross the road. These design measures are being coordinated with the N.C. Wildlife Resources
Commission and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. If determined to be feasible, wildlife crossing measures
will be incorporated into the final design of the project.
C. Department of Environment. Health, and Natural Resources -
Division of Environmental Mana�ement
Comment:
The relocated channel along Hickory Bottom Branch should use as much of the abandoned stream
bed as possible.
Res�onse:
The relocated channel will connect with the meandering portion of abandoned stream along the
east side of the roadway. This abandoned channel can be incorporated into the new channel without
excavating the old stream bed (refer to discussion in Section VII.H).
Comment:
The NCDOT should ensure that enough right of way is acquired along Hickory Bottom Branch to
meander the relocated stream channel.
Response: . . :, ...... .. , _ ..., . ,__._ .
The proposed right of way along the east side of the roadway will allow sufficient room to
meander the relocated stream channel (refer also to discussion in Section VII.H).
VI. COMI��NTS RECEIVED DURING AND SUBSEQUENT TO THE
PUBLIC HEARING
On 2/29/96, a public hearing for the subject project was held in the North Cove Elementary
School Auditorium. Approximately 75 people attended the hearing including representatives from the
McDowell and Avery County governments, the North Carolina State Legislature, and NCDOT. In
general, the project is supported by the local officials and citizens. Comments at the hearing focused on
the following issues:
Comment:
Many public hearing participants requested that the project be extended further north to SR 1569
(North Cove School Road), providing a more useful multilane segment. This extension would improve
access for North Cove Elementary School traffic and would straighten the sinuous alignment between SR
1573 and SR 1569.

�
Response:
An e�ension to SR 1573 was considered, but not recommended for the current project. The
SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road) project limits provide a logical terminus for the project since the traffic
volumes substantially decrease just north of this intersection. Extending the project limits to SR 1569
may restrict alternatives that avoid Section 4(� or other environmental resources located along Parts B
and C. For these reasons, the alignment between SR 1573 and SR 1569 will be evaluated in the future
along with Parts B and C of the R-2596 project.
Comment:
Hearing participants expressed opposition to the concrete median barrier that would restrict
access to SR 1562 (Johnson Hollow Road). Many believed restricted access at this location would
inconvenience residential, business, and school bus traffic on SR 1562 as well as present safety problems
at median openings where U-turns are made. In addition, property owners requested that a five-lane
section be provided in this location for desirable access to the adjacent properties.
Response:
Based upon the area residents' need for unrestricted access to SR 1562, the four-lane median
barrier section was eliminated (refer to discussion in Section VI). To accommodate turning traffic at this
intersection, the five-lane shoulder section will extend from NC 226 to 0.4 kilometer (0.2 mile) north of
SR 1562.
Comment:
Citizens also requested that the proposed grassed median be replaced with a narrower raised
median or center turn lane. A narrower median would reduce property damages, particularly in areas
requiring excessive excavation near the northern end of the project.
Res�onse:
A narrower median-and-center-tur-n-lane-were-considered=but_not_r.ecommend_ ed.-�The proposed 9-
meter (30-foot) grass median provides a safer typical section or higher travel speeds. In addition, the
scattered rural development does not warrant a center turn lane to access adjacent developments.
Comment:
Hearing participants indicated that improvements would be needed along the proposed SR 1556/
SR 1558 detour route to accommodate heavy trucks. Approximately 100 tractor trailer trucks access the
Baxter Plant each day. Existing sight distance and lateral clearance limitations will prevent these heavy
vehicles from staying inside their travel lane along the detour route.
Response:
The SR 1556/ SR 1558 detour route identified in the EA may be used for short periods of time
during the construction of the southern part of the project, if necessary. During the development of the
traffic control plans, NCDOT's Traffic Engineering Branch will determine if traffic can be maintained
along the existing roadway in this area during construction. _
Comment:
Citizens also requested that improvements be rnade to widen the SR 1573 entrance to the B�ter
Plant. The e�sting bridge over the North Fork Catawba River is old and narrow. The hearing

participants believed that the bridge should be replaced with a wider structure to efficiently
accommodate the 2500 Baa{ter employees and 100 tractor trailer trips each day.
Response:
The existing three-lane bridge on SR 1573 has a sufficiency rating of 71 and many years of
remaining life. The bridge width is adequate to accommodate the Baxter Plant traffic. The proposed
improvements will increase the turning radius at the bridge to reduce the accident potential for turning
vehicles. The estimated cost for replacing this structure is $450,000. For these reasons, NCDOT
recommends retaining the existing bridge.
, :..; ;;... , , .;,.
� . . . VII. . REVISIONS TO THE ENVIRQNMENTAL ASSESSIVIENT,,. ,.,. , : ,
A. Cost Estimates
,: � , _
Currently, the project is estimated to cost $14,920,000, including $2,220,000 for right of way
acquisition and $12,700,000 for construction. � �' '
B. Cross Sections �•: : �
Since the EA was approved, some changes have been made to�the recoriimended typicaT sections.
Based upon comments received at the public hearing, the four-lane median barrier secfion`was
eliminated since it did not allow direct access for SR 1562 (Johnson Hollow Road) for left turning traffic
(refer to discussion in Section VI). To accommodate turning traffic at this intersection, the five-lane
shoulder section will extend from NC 226 to 0.4 kilometer (0.2 mile) north of SR 1562. To reduce
excavation in areas of steep terrain along the proposed four-lane grass median section, the median width
has decreased from 14 meters (46 feet) to 9 meters (30 feet). A four-lane divided section with a 14-
meter (46-foot) median is proposed from 0.4 kilometer (0.2 mile) north of SR 1562 to 0.7 kilometer (0.4
mile) north of SR 1556 (American Thread Road). A four-lane divided section with a 9-meter (30-foot)
median is proposed from 0.7 kilometer (0.4 mile) north of SR 1556 to 0.7 kilometer (0.4 mile) north of
SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road) (refer to recommended typical sections in Figure 2).
C. Median Openin�
Median openings along the four-lane divided portions of the project are proposed at the
following locations (refer to Figure 3):
l. SR 1556 (American Thread Road)
2. 0.4 kilometer (0.3 mile) north of SR 1556
3 0.9 kilometer (0.6 mile) north of SR 1556
4. SR 1564 (Martin Branch Road)
5. SR 1566 (Peppers Creek Road)/ SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
6. 0.3 kilometer (0.2 mile) north of SR 1566/ SR 1573
A median left turn lanes will be provided at each of these median crossover locations to safely
accommodate left-turning and U-turning traffic.
D. Retainin�
A 70-meter (230-foot) long retaining wall will be constructed along the east side of the roadway
approximately 0.6 kilometer (0.4 mile) south of SR 1564 (Martin Branch Road). tTliis retaini�ng-wall is
,proposed-to avoid relocating-a-portion-of-a-tributary�to North Fork Catawb`a River�

9
E. Draina�e Structures
Based upon more definitive design information, the following stream crossing structures have
been revised:
Crossing #3 Conley Branch - Replace the existing reinforced concrete box culvert (RCBC)
with a two-barrel, 1.8-meter by 2.1-meter (6-foot by 7-foot) RCBC.
Crossing #4 Martin Branch - Extend the existing single-barrel 1.8-meter by 1.8-meter (6-foot
by 6-foot) RCBC.
The la ignment for the proposed five-lane shoulder section is located in a valley between a
mountain on the west side and the stream on the east. The toe of the proposed roadway fill slope
will be located adjacent to Hickory Bottom Branch. Catch-basins_wo.uld=not'be effective-i�n
containing-all-the-runoff from�a-hazardous spi£l•l. The portion of runoff from a hazardous spill that
is directed toward the west side of the roadway could be routed to catch basins. However, the
runoff that is directed toward the east side of the roadway would flow down the shoulder and fill
slope into the adjacent stream and cannot be routed to a basin. �B'ec sua e hazardous-spi�l�l-catch
. . ,_•_ __ _ - -,_. , _«,�-�' - r'��- - --_ _rr-r__� .. ,.�:i�t-at_-�,.,,-t�,...;...,.-.,�o-..�,+-,
F. Relocation Impacts
The EA (page 13) stated that the project would relocate five residences and two businesses.
However, current design information indicates that two residences and two businesses will be displaced
by the project (refer to Appendix B for a revised relocation report). The residential relocatees are non-
minority, moderate income families with estimated annual incomes ranging from $15,000 to $35,000.
An additional 17 residences in a mobile home park located near SR 1556 (American Thread Road) may
also be relocated. The proposed right of way impacts the park's septic fields located on the east side of
US 221. During the right of way acquisition stage of the project, this property will be reviewed in detail
to determine if the septic fields can be moved to another part of the property so the mobile homes may
remain. If adequate septic facilities cannot be constructed at another location on the existing property,
the residents will be relocated. All but one of these residents are moderate-income families with
estimated annual incomes ranging from $15,000 to over $50,000. One is a low-income family with an
estimated annual income less than $15,000. None are minorities.
- No minority or low income group will be disproportionately affected by the project. Adequate
residential and commercial properties are anticipated to be available at the time the residences and
businesses must relocate. NCDOT will ensure that comparable replacement housing has been offered or
provided to each relocatee prior to displacement. Last resort housing will be used, if necessary, for some
of the displaced families who cannot afford to relocate to comparable housing available in the area.
G. Archaeological Resources
The EA recommended that further archaeological testing be conducted at sites 31MC197 and
31 MC 199. A follow-up archaeological study was conducted at these sites and along several other
portions of the project to determine if the proposed alignment would impact significant archaeological
remains. The study resulted in additional documentation of one recorded site (31 MC205) and
documentation of a previously unrecorded site (31 MC226). Neither was determined to be significant.
The study also determined that the project is not likely to disturb uninvestigated portions of sites
31MC197 and 311VIC199 which were previouslyrecommended for testing. Sigmficant archaeological
resources will not be disturbed by the proposed improvements. No further archaeological investigations

10
resources will not be disturbed by the proposed improvements. No further archaeological investigations
are recommended, and the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) concurs with this recommendation
(refer to the Appendix for correspondence).
H. Stream Rechannelization
The EA (page 25) stated that 775 feet of stream rechannelization would be reyuired along
Hickory Bottom Branch. However, based upon more definitive design information, an additional 205
meters (665 feet) of rechannelization is needed along Hickory Bottom Branch, a tributary of Conley
Branch, and Conley Branch, resulting in�a-total of 44�_ 0 meters-(1�440-feet)-of-relocated stream channel
(refer to Figure 4 for proposed stream recliannelization locations).
A total of 290 meters (945 feet) of rechannelization is proposed along Hickory Bottom Branch.
The longest relocated portion of this stream will connect with a short meandering segment of abandoned
channel east of the existing roadway. This abandoned channel can be incorporated into the new stream
channel without excavating along the abandoned stream bed. Rechannelization is also needed near the
SR 1562 intersection to join existing Hickory Bottom Branch with the proposed roadway culvert.
Near SR 1556, the project crosses the tributary to Conley Branch at sharp angle, resulting in
unavoidable impacts to the stream channel. Approximately 85 meters (280 feet) of rechannelization is
proposed at this location.
Just north of SR 1556, the proposed alignment also crosses Conley Branch at a sharp angle,
resulting unavoidable stream impacts. Approximately 65 meters (215 feet) of rechannelization is needed
along this stream.
The proposed alignment has been selected to avoid streams, where possible, and to minimize
rechannelization to unavoidable streams (refer to Section VII.I for a discussion of attempts to minimize
unavoidable impacts these streams and.associated wetlands)�The,new_ str.eam-eha lenn s=wi1l-be-de`signed
=according_to_the_1V.CWRC"Guid inel es-for-Mountain-Stream Relocation-in Nor-th-Garolina'-=-and will-be
similax-to_the_original channel_in width; depth,_gradient, and_substiate:� The establishment of bank
vegetation via a planting regime is required 1Vleanders_and�habitat_structur.es-(r.00t-wads,-win� g�
defleetors,—etc:)-will-app�ro�mate-the_o ginal-st er a. In accordance with the Fish and Wildlife
Coordinafiori Act,—as a nded (16 USC 661 et seq.), �the. NCDOT will-coordinate these activities with the
�NCVIWRC _and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
I. Wetland Findin�s
Executive Order 11990 requires appropriate documentation to show that there is no practicable
a.lternative to the proposed construction and that the proposed action includes all practicable measures to
minimize harm to �unsdictional wetlands. Jurisdictional wetlands, as defined by 33 CFR 328.3, are those
areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to
support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted to
life in saturated conditions.
j�sdictio^r wetland is es_were_identified These are associated with Hickory Bottom Branch (sites 1-3),
a tnb`utary to Conley Branch (sites 5-7), Martin Branch (sites 8 and 9), and the North Fork Catawba�
River (site 10). (refer to Figure 4 for location of wetlands). A summary of wetland impacts associated
with each site is provided in Table 1 below.

Wetland � �
Site
2.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Table 1
SLTMMARY OF WETLAND IMPACTS
Stream
Association
Hickory Bottom^Branch
Hickory Bottom Branch
Hickory Bottom Branch
Tributary to Conley Branch
Conley Branch
Conley Branch
Conley Branch
Martin Branch
Martin Branch
North Fork Catawba River
Tota1 Impacts
with
hectares (acres) .
Anticipated
Impacts
0.01 (0.02)
0.01 (0.02)
0.01 (0.01)
0.04 (0.11)
0.02 (0.06)
0.05 (0.13)
0.02 (0.04)
0.02 (0.05)
0.01 (0.03)
0.03 (0.06)
0.22 (�0..53
Bottom Branch, are adjacent to the
�""D ' _�_'' �J �,__�-- �
sites_cannot=be_avoided? �S'ite_4;_associated with a tributary to Conley Branch, is located on the east side
between existing US 221 and SR 1556 and=is=also unauoidable. The proposed alignment has been located
in this area to reduce extensive excavation into th se eep-terrain along the west side of the roadway. Sites�
5.,=6; and-7,—associat= ith=Conley Branch,fiaxe located on the east side between the existing roadway
and a parallel tributary. These sites-are-also-unavoidable because_the=project�would-relocate_1�2-additional
mobile-horries and_a-single-family-r.esidence from-the-west side-of-the-roadway. Sites 8, 9, and 10,
associated wi h Martin Branch and the North Fork Catawba River, are located near SR 1564. These sites
are unavoidable because the alignment has been selected to avoid rechannelizing the parallel North Fork
Catawba River. -Impacts-to-these wetlands-have-been.minimized-by-inclading_maximum-allowable-side,
. ' _. .. _ ._. -_ . . , _. : - .. r . t_ _ _ _ = �-__"__'_L ___
Impacts to wetlands have been minimized to the extent practicable. During construction,
NCDOT will implement stringent erosion and sedimentation control measures along with Best
Management Practices to control sedimentation in adjacent wetlands and to ensure that the amount of
impacted wetlands will be minimized. Based on the above considerations, there is no practicable
alternative to the proposed construction in wetlands, and the proposed action includes all practicable
measures to minimize harm to these resources.
J. Hazardous Materials
A site investigation was conducted at The Cove Antiques property to deternune if underground
storage tanks (UST's) or soil contamination exist on the property. No tanks were located on the site.
An analysis of samples taken from the former tank bed areas revealed no contamination in the soil from
total petroleum hydrocarbons. However, the test results showed the presence of 75 percent weathered
gasoline in the soil. Weathered gasoline is not currently regulated by the Division of Environmental
Management (DEM), but its presence may indicate a histonc release of gasoline and the potential for
groundwater contamination. If determined necessary, the DEM may require the property owner to test
the groundwater and remediate contamination.

12
VIII. BASIS FOR FINDING OF NO SIGNIPICANT IlVIPACT
Based upon a study of the proposed project documented in the Environmental Assessment, and
upon comments received from federal, state, and local agencies and the public, it is the finding of the
North Carolina Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration that this project
will not have a significant adverse impact upon the human or natural environment. Therefore, an
environmental impact statement will not be required.
MLR/plr

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Appendix A
Agency Comments

i! c _ � _ ... �
���NT OF O�� , 1 `�
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���All\1�\P' • •
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF'ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAFOLINA 28402-1890
Special Studies and
Flood Plain Services Section
July 10, 1995
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Division of Highways
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-520]
Dear Mr. Vick:
� E ! ��
� F�,
�
'JUL � 2 �yy�
1, DtVISICN OF
C,�� �;IGNWAYS �
�N��RON��
``,.r.:i ��ri,i:
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��"',��<.������` �
This is in response to your let�al Assessment fo95USr221eSFrom NCr226 to
comments on the "Federal Environmen McDowell County, State Project No.
north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road), R_2596A" (Regulatory Branch
8.T871101, Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3),
Action I.D. No. 199303231).
mments involve impacts to flood plains and jurisdictional resources,
Our co Cor s of Engineers' projects.
which include waters, wetlands, and U.S. Army P Corps-constructed flood
The proposed roadway improvements would not cross any
control or navigation project. Enclosed are our comments on the other issues.
a reciate the opportunity to comment on this project. If we can be of
We pp
further assistance, please contact us.
Enclosure
Sincerely,
t� � ��- ���� `�
William R. Dawson, P.E.
Chief, Engineering and
Planning Division
Printed on � R�J�� Paper

July 10, 1995
Page 1 of 1
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, WILMINGTON DISTRICT, COMMENTS ON:
"Federal Environmental Assessment for US 221, From NC 226 to north of SR 1573
(Pitts Station Road), McDowell County, State Project No. 8.T871101, Federal
Aid Project No. NHF-221(3), R-2596A" (Regulatory Branch Action I.D. No.
199303231)
1. �LQOJ ?�A:�V�: F0� - Scb`uy L. W�iiis, Sp��iai JLUU-ICJ dnd riuud "riain
Services Section, at [phone]
We commented on the entire length of proposed US 221 improvements,
identified as R-2596, by letter dated September 30, 1993. From a review of
Panel 40 of the July 1988 McDowell County Flood Insurance Rate Map, this
segment of the roadway appears to be within the flood plain of Armstrong Creek
and may impact the flood plain of the North Fork Catawba River. Both of these
are detail streams with 100-year flood elevations determined but no floodway
defined. In addition, the road appears to cross the approximate study streams
of Conly Branch, Martin Branch, and Pepper Creek. However, from a review of
the flood hazard evaluation given on page 27 of the Environmental Assessment,
it appears that the flood plain issues are adequately addressed.
2. WATERS AND WETLANDS: POC - Mr. Steve Chapin, Asheville Field Office,
Regulatory Branch, at [phone]
Our comments on waters and wetlands were also given in our September 30,
1993 letter to vour office. We have no further comments at this time. Any
questions related to Department of the Army permits for this project should be
addressed to Mr. Chapin.

J��tED STql�S
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4� PRO�EG
4PM/EPS/cmh
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 4
345 COURTLAND STREET, N.E.
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30365
July 6, 1995
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
N.C. Division of Highways
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
SUBJ: Federal Environmental Assessment for US 221, From 226
to North of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road), McDowell
County, State Project No. 8.T871101, Federal Aid Project
No. NHF-221(3), R-2596A
Dear Mr. Vick:
Pursuant to Section 309 of the of the Clean Air Act,
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reviewed
the subject Environmental Assessment (EA) for the proposed
3.8-mile improvement of US 221 in McDowell County. We offer
the following comments: �
■ Seamentation - We note (pg. 1) that Project R-2596 consists
of three parts (A, B, C) but that only Part A is evaluated in the
EA. Parts B and C are scheduled for improvement after the year
2001. Given that improvements to Parts B and C are planned in
the foreseeable future, some evaluation of impacts that can be
expected to be associated with improvements to Parts B and C
should be assessed to determine some sense of the cumulative
impacts of the entire proposed project. As such, the final
version of the present EA should reasonably document for Parts B
and C any wetland acreages potentially filled, listed historical
resources, trout streams potentially crossed, iandfills or
hazardous waste sites potentially crossed or disturbed, non-
attainment areas, etc. Without such an evaluation of impacts for
the total alignment, it is unclear if an EA or potentially an
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is appropriate.
It should also be noted that segmentation of Parts B and C from
Part A could limit alternatives for Parts B and C. If Part A is
implemented as proposed, its construction could limit the range
of alternatives available for Parts B and C. Conversely, review
of the project as a whole could leave various options available.
■ Alternatives•- EPA appreciates that more than one alternative
was reviewed in the EA. Page 10 indicates that three improvement
options were considered. Based on the alternatives presented in
the EA and the amount of stream rechannelization predicted for

2
each, EPA prefers Alternative 1(600 ft) as opposed to Alterna-
tive 2(1375 ft) or Alternative 3(1825 ft). We note that the
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT} prefers
Alternative 2 due to minimized utility conflicts and associated
reduced costs. While EPA can appreciate such benefits, they
should not come at the cost of the environment, i.e., the amount
of stream relocation for Alternative 2 is over twice that of
Alternative 1. This is particularly true since most of the
impacted streams are designated trout streams (pg. 3).
■ Environmental Impacts - Project environmental impacts are
discussed in Chapter IV of the EA. It is somewhat unclear if
these im�,acts are for Lhe NCDOT-preierred AiternaLive 2 or for
all alternatives. Since the build alternatives appear to be
variations of the same alignment, we assume the impacts apply for
all build alternatives. This should be verified in the final
document.
► Air Quality - We note that the free-flow air quality modeling
(pg. 29) predicted compliance with the one-hour NAAQS for carbon
monoxide (CO). However, we note (pg. 5) that US 221 intersects
with several roadways (stop sign controlled). The final EA
should address whether a CO problem is predicted for these
intersections, if intersections would remain at-grade, and if
any turn lanes would be provided to reduce queuing?
For your information, we have verified that McDowell County,
North Carolina is not a non-attainment area for any pollutant,
including ozone, i.e., it is an attainment area.
► Wetlands - Some 0.6 acres of jurisdictional wetlands are
predicted to be filled. NCDOT anticipates that permit coverage
would be under a Nationwide Permit (pg. 26j.
The EA indicates (pg. 27) that pursuant to an MOA between EPA
and *_he U. �. P_?-my Cer=s ef E_^.gineers ( CO� ), �itigatien is not
required for coverage under a Nationwide Permit. It should be
noted, however, that EPA encourages compensation for wetland
losses under any wetland permit and has requested such mitigation
for Nationwide Permits in the.past. Consideration for wetland
mitigation should be consider, particularly if additional
wetlands could be cumulatively lost in Parts B and C.
► Water Quality - We note that several waterbodies would be
crossed by the proposed improvement. Five of these are perennial
streams while others are intermittent. Since all waters in
McDowell County are designated as Mountain Trout Waters (pg. 25),
EPA recommends that such crossings be feasibly avoided and
that strict Best Management Practices for erosion control be
implemented where unavoidable. We note (pg. 25) that this is
apparently planned by NCDOT as well as construction avoidance
during trout spawning season (11/1 to 4/15).

.. . �, i , . :�•h�. , �+•
3
As indicated above, EPA prefers Alternative 1(of the presented
alternatives) since it proposes considerably less stream
channelization. If Alternative 2 is selected by NCDOT, stream
relocations should be minimized and, as indicated in the EA (pg.
25), "designed according to the NC Wildlife Resources Commissions
'Guidelines for Mountain Stream Relocation in North Carolina."'
We further suggest that direct coordination with the U.S Fish,and
Wildlife Service (FWS) and the NC Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) occur and that each agency oversee the relocation work
and/or verify its acceptability upon completion. The possible
relocation impacts listed on page 24 (e.g., scouring of stream
beds) should be feasibly avoided through appropriate design and
implementation. -
► Noise - Noise impacts predicted for the proposed project
would increase levels at affected residences for a maximum of
+9 dB and up to a resultant level of 72 dB. As indicated in
Table N4, eight residences would be significantly affected in
terms of resultant noise levels and FHWA guidelines (i.e.,
approaching or exceeding 67 dB). One business at 71 dB would be
so affected (i.e., approaching or exceeding 72 dB).
In terms of noise impacts, EPA believes that all noise increases
are impacts and that increases of 10 dB (perceived as a doubling
of noise) and greater at any baseline level are substantive
impacts. This differs from the FHWA guidelines in Table N2
defining a substantial increase as one that is greater than or
equal to 15 dB at levels of less than or equal to 50 dB and
greater than or equal to 10 dB at levels greater than 50 dB.
Also, EPA does not agree with the statement on page 31 that
states that "over a period of time, individuals tend to accept
the noises which intrude into their lives, particularly if the
noises occur at predicted intervals and are expected." We
believe that the word "accept" is presumptuous and perhaps
should be changed to "tolerate."
Additional consideration for mitigation should be given to those
eight residences with resultant noise levels predicted to be
approaching or exceeding 67 dB and/or would have a 7-9 dB
increase approaching a doubling. If shifting of the alignment
is not feasible due to mountainous landscape, perhaps more
creative forms of mitigation should be used (e.g., house
insulation, or central air conditioning so that windows could
be closed, or relocation at the discretion of the resident).
•► Environmental Justice - We note that five residences and two
businesses would potentially be relocated. The final document
should indicate how many people would be affected by these
predicted relocations.
We also note that "none of these relocatees are minorities"
(pg. 13). It is unclear, however, if any are low income

4
groups? Also, will any minorities or low income groups be
disproportionately affected by the project in other ways? What
are the demographics of those residents substantively affected
by noise discussed above? The final document should clarify.
► Hazardous Wastes - A potential underground storage tank
(UST) area associated with the "Cove Antiques" business could
be affected by the proposed project. NCDOT proposes to relocate
this facility. We note that this action is to be coordinated
with the state (Division of Environmental Management: NCDEM). If
the facility is to be relocated, such coordination should occur
with the state with EPA oversight (John Mason: 404/347-3866)
prior to relocation.
► ArchaeoloQical Resources - The EA indicates that seven sites
are within the project area and that one would be extensively
disturbed by the proposed project. Additional testing is
proposed for that site and apparent coordination with the North
Carolina SHPO has been initiated. We recommend continued
coordination with the SHPO. Should any new sites be unearthed
during prospective construction, the SHPO should be contacted
and, at the discretion of the SHPO, work stopped at that location
until further notice by the SHPO.
EPA is pleased to provide comments on the EA at this time.
Should you have questions, feel free to contact Chris Hoberg or
Ted Bisterfeld of my staff at 404/347-3776.
Sincerely,
C�,� M .
�
He�.nz J. MLeller, Chief
Environmental Policy Sect on
cc:
Ms. Melba McGee
Division of Environmental Management
NCDEHNR
P.O. Box 29687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Mr. David R. Cox
Highway Project Coordinator
NC Wildlife Resources Commssion
P.O. Box 118
Northside, NC 27564

r� . i
Fi�20b
. 1� ^
�
NORTN CAROLINA STATE CiEARINGHDUSE
DEPARTiMENT OF ADMINISTRATION
116 WEST JONES STREET
RALEIGH NORTH CAROLINA 27603-8003
� ACKNONLEDGEM�NT 0� RECEIPT
MAILED TO �ROM
N.C. i3EPT. OF TRANSPORTATIDN MS• JEANETTE FURNEY
WHIT �tE88 ADMIiVISTRATIVc ASSISTANT
PROGRAi� D�V. BRANCH SiATE CLEARIN�NOUSt
TftAt�SPORTATION BLDG•IINTER—OF�IC�
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
ENV. ASSESS. — IMPROVEM�NTS TO US "L2i FRDM NC 225 TD NORTH 0�
SR 1573 (PITTS STAiION RD•) TIP t#R—Z��6A
TYP� — ENiI• ASSESS•
TH� N•C• STA7E CLEARINGHOUSE HAS R�C�IVED THE ABOVt PROJECT FOR
INTERGOVERN�IENTA� REVIEb+Ie THIS PRDJ�CT HAS BEEN ASSIGNEt� STATc
APPLICATION NUMBcR 95E42200853• PL�AS= USE 7HIS NUMBER WITH ALL
INQUIRiES OR CORR�SPONDENCE HITH THIS OFFICE•
REVIEW UF THIS PROJECT SHOULD BE C�MPI.�TED ON OR BEFOR� 06/19/95.
SHOULD YOU HAYE ANY QUESTIONS PLEAS� CALL {919) 733-7232.
_� ------.____�._,
� � , 's I�� :l '^�� "
• ' ` --=:_._ : .. � .. ...
�.. � � ��:;

. , `
\� . •• MDRTH CAROLIN
12�$ s _ __`� ___ _ A STATE CLEaRINGHOUSE
' " - �. =' -- - DE�ARTMFNT 0� ADMINISTRAT;�T�
`: ;•, ��'" -- li6 NEST JOtJES STREET
. -.,...._.._�.� . _
%► ���•: � RAIEZGH NORTH CARfltIyA 276fl3-$003
06-29-95 � . � •�,Gr � ; .... _
...., i:, , ___,
-.�� -- _
. -.-. _ -=-=- - �. INT�RGDYE�NMENTAL REVIEw COMMETITS - - � ` _
MAILED TO � FRaM _ _... _--__��_._�.
N.t. DEPT. OF TRANS�ORTATION MRS• CHRYS BAG��TTw�� T��
wHIT 4iEB8 ,'� DIRFCTOR
PRJ6RAM DEY. BRANLH N C STATE CLEARZNGHOUS�
TRANSPORTATION BLDG•/INTER-D��
PKOJECT D�SCfiIPTION
ENY. ASSESS. - IMPROVEMFNTS TO US 221 FRQM IdC 225 TO NORiH OF
S2 1573 tPITTS STATION RD.) TIP #R-2596A
SAI NO 95t42200953 PROGRAM TI7L� - ENV. ASSESS.
THE ABOVE PROJECT HAS BE�N SUBMITTED TO TH� NORTH CARO�INA
INT�RGOVERNME�VTAL R�VI�4�1 PRDLESS. AS A R�SULT aF THc REYI�'�I THE FOiLObiI�t�
IS SUBMITT�D () NO COMMENTS WEP.E RECEIY�D
( X ) COMMENTS. ATTACHED
SHOU�D YOU HAbE ANY �UESTIONS� PL�ASE CALL THIS OF�ICE t919) 733-i232.
C•C. REGION C
t.

e
State of North Carolina �
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources � • �
Legislative & Intergovernmental Affairs �r
1
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor � E H N R
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
H e n ry M. L a n c a s t e r I I, D i r e c t o r
�Ti u • : • .0 1►i
TO: Chrys Baggett
State Clearinghouse
FROM: Melba McGee �''�
Project Review Coordinator
�
RE: #95-0853 - US 221 from NC 266 to SR 1573, MCDowell County
DATE: June 28, 1995
The Department of Environment, Health and Resources has reviewed the proposed
project. The attached comments reflect specific concerns of our divisions that should be
addressed prior to finalizing project plans.
Thank you for opportunity to respond.
attachments
RECEIVED
JUN 2 r� 1495
N.C. STATE CLEARiNGHOUSE
�F.O. Box 27687, Rcieigh, Norh Ccrolina 27611-7687 Telephone 919-i33-4984
F.� =�uCl GcCCrtunity r^.",rmetive �C':cn Employer 50°b recyC!ed/ 10°o rCS:-CCnsumer Foper

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources � • �
Division of Environmental Management
ti��
James 6. Hunt, Jr., Governor p E H N F�
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary .
A, Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
June 23, 1995
MEMORANDUM
To: Melba McGee
Through: John Dorn��C��
Monica Swihart
From: Eric Galamb�'�
Subject: EA for US 221 from NC 226 to SR 1573
McDowell County
State Project DOT No. 8.T871101, TIP #R-2596A
EHNR # 95-0853, DEM # 10958
The subject document has been reviewed by this office. The Division of
Environmental Management (DEM) is responsible for the issuance of the Section 401
Water Quality Certification for activities which impact waters of the state including
wetlands. The document states that greater than 0.6 actes of waters including
wetlands will be impacted. The followin� comments are provided in response to the
EA:
1) DEM and the Wildlife Resources Commission met with DOT staff (Mark Reep,
Randy Turner, John Lansford, Abdul Rahmani etc) on November 29, 1994 to
discuss concerns about the relocation of Hickory Bottom Branch. DEM's main
concern was that the relocated stream utilize the old stream bed as much as
possible. DEM contacted Mr. Reep (DOT) on June 21, 1995 because it is
unclear in the EA whether DOT is implementing our request as stated in the
field and communicated to DOT in a December 21, 1994 memorandum from
Eric Galamb to Mark Reep. DEM was informed that DOT could not respond to
the December memorandum until the design phase of the project.
Furthermore, DOT stated that they are reducing the right-of-way (ROW) to be
acquired for this project. DOT should ensure that they acquire enough ROW to
allow for meandering of the stream when it is relocated.
2) DOT is reminded that endorsement of an EA by DEM would not preclude the
denial of a 401 Certification upon application if wetland impacts have not been
avoided and minimized to the maximum extent practicable.
Questions regarding the 401 Certification should be directed to Eric Galamb (733-
1786) in DEM's Water Quality Environmental Sciences Branch.
cc: Mark Reep, DOT
Asheville COE
us221.ea
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, Norfh Carolina 2762�0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opporfunity Affirmative Action �nployer 5096 recycled/ 1096 paat-consumer paper

. ..... .t....
State of North Carolina •
Department of Environment,
Health and Ncrtural Resources � • �
Division of Forest Resources �
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governorry � E H N 1�
Jonathan B. Howes, Secreta
Stanford M. Adams, Director Griffiths Forestry Center
2411 Old US 70 West
Clayton, North Carolina 27520
May 31,1995
1 � ' • 1 1�1
TO: Melba McGee, Office of Legislative Affairs
FROM: Don H. Robbins, Staff Forester ���
SUBJEC�I: DOT EA for Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 to SR 1573 in McDowell
County
PROJECT # 95-0853 and TIP # R-2596A
DLTE DATE: 6-12-95
W� have reviewed the above subject document and have the following comments:
1. We have no objections to the need and concept of the proposed project.
2. Altemative #2 will impact a total of 35 acres of woodland.
3. Forestry concems have been addressed.
4. We have no further comments at this time.
pc: Warrcn Boyette CO
Keith Jenkins - D 1
File
P.O. Box 27687. Rdeigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity A�rmative Action Employer 50°.G recycled/ 1 Q°'A posi-consumer paper

____ . _ ___
?711':\IZ�T�;1�1�_:\'1' i)l� t�.�Vll�C�N?� '. 1, HI:ALI�I-i, � i'roject Numbcr
��1ll NA"1'URAL RESOURCES . ��,—p �S�
DIVISIO\ UI= ENVIRONNIEI�ITAL 'HEALTH _
Coun�y
Inter-Agency Project Review Response '. , �c � �
a
' II
��%S�°�� �
T e o�f Pro�ect �
ro j ect Name E'� -J) G� � yp ) ��_ .
� a�6-��
;-1 The applicanc should be advised that plans and specificacions for all water syscem
�—� improvements must be approved by the Division of Environmental Health prior tothe award
of a contract or tne initiation of construction (as required by 15A NCAC 18C .0300 et. seq.).
For informauon, concact the Public Water Supply Section, [phone].
� This project will be classified as a non-communiry pubtic water supply and musL comply wiLh
state and federal drinking water monitoring requirements. For more information the applicant
should contact the Public Water Supply Section, (919� 733-2321.
� If this project is constructed as proposed, we will recommend closure of feet of adjacent
� � wacers to the harvest of shellfish. For information regarding the .shellfis -�i sanitation progra
m, Lhe applicant should contact the Shellfish Sanitation Branch at (919) 726-b827.
� The spoil disposal area(s) proposed for this project may produce a mosquito breeding-problem.
For information con�erning appropnace mosquito control measures, the applicanc should:
contact the Public Health Pest.Management Section at [phone].
�� The applicant should be advised that prior to the 'removal or demolition of dilapidated .
�—� sLructures, an esLensive rodent control program may be necessarv in order to prevenc the
migracion . of the rodents to adjacent areas. The information. concerning rodent-control,
concact the local health departmenc or the Public Healch Pest Management. Section. at (919)
73�-6407. �
r—� The applicant should be advised to contact the local health department regarding their
�� requirements for septic. tank installa�ions (as required under 15A NCAC 18A .1900 et. seq.).
For informacion concerning sep�ic cank and ocher on-site wasce disposal methods, concact che
On-Site Wastewater Section at [phone].
�—� The.applicant should be advised co con�ract the local health department regarding the sani�ary
�--J facilities required ior this projecc.
If existing water lines will be relocated during che construction, plans for the wacer iine
relocation must be submitted to the Division of Environmental Health, Public Water Suppl}r
Seccion, Plan Feview Branch, 1330 Sc. Mary's Street, Ralei;h, North Carol:na, (919) 73�-2460.
�
�=�-/i�s 6 � ��
Reviea»r Section/I3ranch Da�e
CCHNIZ )1'�S (Itc��i:cd S/7}1
u�vuron o( En.'iranav:n:.il 1=c�li!�

rn�i rrtlrv�
. - . �lt ;i . .. -"r6t.�:".. .
ItL•1-fU4-O�L-JLf�• JUfI 1�.`+� 11�J�! IVO.IJU�
� North Carolina �Wildlife Resources Commission �
512 N, Salisbury Street, Ralei�h, North Car�lina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Execurive Directar
MEMORANDUM
TQ:
FROM:
Melba McGee, Legislative and Intergovemment�l Affairs
Dept. of $nvironment, Health, and Natural Resoarces
5tephenie E. Goudreau, Mt. Rogion Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
� v�"�y ?�ri�
DATE: June 12, 1995
�, , ,.
SUB7EGT: State Clearinghouse Project No. 95-0853, Environmental Assessment for US 221
from NC 226 to north of SR 1573, McDowell County, R-2596A.
This correspondence responds to a request by you for our review and comments on the
EnvironmentaI Assessment (EA) for widening US 221 in McDowe(i County. These comments
are provided in accordance v�nth the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat.
441, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d.) and the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (G.S,
113A-1 through 113A-14; 1 NCAC 25).
The North Carolina bepartment of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen a 3.8-
mile section of US 221 from NC 22fi to north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road). The project
involves upgradinb the existing two-lane roadway to a multilane facility with some new alignment
to straighten the roadway curvature.
Pro� ect R-2596 starts at NC 22G and exiends north to the Blue Ridge Pazkway near
Linville Falls. This EA is limited to Part A; Parts B and C wiit bc evaluated at a later t�me in a
separate environmental document.
Part A will impacts 75.3 acres of maintained community (yards, gardens, pasture, road
shoulders), 60.0 acres of disturbed herbaceous assemblage (abandoned flelds, p�werline cuts}, ,
1 b,4 acres of riparian frin�;e, and ] 8.1 acre of oak-hickory forest for a total of 169.8 acres. A
total of 0.6 acre of wetlands will be unpacted by this project. The project crosses five perennial
streams (Hickory Bottom Branch, Conle� Branch, an unnamed tributary to Conley Branch,
Ma.riin Branch, and Pepper Crcek); exist�n� culverts wilI be replaced or extended. A total of 775
feet of stream relocation �s proposed along Hickory Bottom Branch. The streams are tributaries
of the North Fork Catawba River, which is Hatchery Sup ported Desibnated Pubtic Mountain
Trout Water in the project area. Various internutteat tn'butaries of the North Fork Catawba River
will be crossed by the project also.

95-O8S3
Jun 1?.�.5
11:;,.
r�,
Page 2 June 12, 1995
We have the foliowing comments regarding the EA:
1) �lack Be�r, P��e t 8- The EA indicates that culvert upgrades at Hickory Bottom Branch,
unnamed tributary to Conley Branch, Martin Branch, and unnamed tributary to North
Fork Catawba River will provide ssfe passage for bears and other mammals. The presence
of culverts along a roadway does not automatically mean that bears and other mammals
will use them to get to the other side of the road. The NCDOT ahould e�camine the
feasibility af iacluding measures that would increase the probability of animals using the
culverts, such as installing oversized culverts ar providing fencing that would help lead an
animai to the culvert.
2) Stream Relocation Paa� 25 - The NCDaT should nate that the document "Guidelines for
Mountain Stream Relocation in North Carolina" is in the process of being revised. Our
comments on the a04 permit apptication will reflect these changes.
3) Trout Waters,._.Paae 27 - The statement, "All waters within McDowell County are
Mountain Traut Waters ea designated by the Nortl� Carolina Wildiife Resources
Commiesion" is incorrect. Iastead, the U.S. Army Corpa oiEngineer8 has designated
McDowell Caunty ss one of the ZS trout water counties because the NCWRC has
designated sqme streams in the county as Designated Public Mountain Trout Water. The
statement should read, "McDowell County is a trout water county as designated by the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers." The rest of the paragraph is carrect.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment an this project. If you have any
questions regarding these comments, please contact me at 704/652-4257.
cc: Mr. Chris Goudreau, District 8 Fisheries Biologist
Mr. Jack Mason, District 8 Wildlife niologist
Ms. lanice Nicholls, USFWS, Asheville

, � ��
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North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary
August 9, 1995
Nicholas L. Graf
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
Department of Transportation
310 New Bern Avenue
Raleigh, N.C. 27601-1442
Re: US 221 from NC 226 to north of SR 1573 (Pitt
Station Road), McDowell County, NHF-221(3),
R-2596A, 8.T871101, ER 96-7064
Dear Mr. Graf:
Division of Archives and History
William S. Price, Jr., Director
Thank you for your letter of July 8, 1995, transmitting the archaeological survey
report by Kenneth Robinson concerning the above project.
Due to changes in the design plan, an additional survey was carried out for this
project. Two sites were identified but neither was determined to be eligible for
listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Two previously recorded sites,
31 MC197 and 31 MC199, will not be adversely affected by the project. No further
archaeological investigations are recommended. We concur with the
recommendations.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental
review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
S'n� cerely,
, � ,
�
������
��David Brook
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
DB:slw
cc: ✓H. F. Vick
T. Padgett
109 East Jones Street • Raleigh, NorW Carolina 27601-2807

Appendix B
Relocation Assistance Report

RELOCATION REPORT
North Carolina Department of Transportation
AREA RELOCATION OFFICE
� E.I.S. � CORRIDOR � DESIGN
PROJECT: ; 8.T871101 ; couNn ! McDowell ; Alternate 1 of 1
, i.�. No.: R-2596A ; F.A. PROJECT ; NHF-221 3
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: '. US 221 From NC 226 to North of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
a
:�
ESTIMATED DISPLACEES .: iNCOME LEVEL
Type of i � f
Dispiacees � Owners � Tenants M Total Minoritie
i ; i s
Residential 2 I 0' 2 0
Businesses ' 2; 0 2 0
Farms- I 01 0 0 0
Non-Profit � 0; 0 0 0
ANSWER ALL QUESTIQNS
Yes No Explain all "YES" answers.
' x 1. Will special relocation services be necessary?
X 2. Will schools or churches be affected by
_ .
displacement?
x ; 3. Wiil business services still be available after
project?
x 4. Will any business be displaced? If so,
indicate size, type, estimated number of
employees, minorities, etc. �
I x 5. Will relocation cause a housing shortage?
....:............ . ......
6. Source for available housing (list).
X 7. Will additional housing programs be needed?
X I 8. Should Last Resort Housing be considered?
i x 9. Are there large, disabled, eldery, etc. �
, :.,. families?
...... :.. .......... . ..
x 10. Will public housing be needed for project?
X � 11. Is public housing available?
X 12. Is it fett there will be adequate DSS housing
,,_ .
available during relocation period?
x 13. Will there be a problem of housing within
,....., ,_ ._.. ,_.:.
financial means?
X j 14. Are suitable business sites available (list
source).
15. Number months estimated to complete
��ocanoN? 6 months
r
T�.j R�z�
Fortn 15.4 Revised 02/95 d
F
t
6-20-96 '
Date �
Alternate
0-15M : 15-25M i 25-35M ; 35-50M ; 50 UP
0! 1; 1 i 0� 0
VALUE OF DiR1ELLING . _DSS.DWELLINGAVAILABLE
Owners Tenants For Sale � For Rent
o-zoM � o: s o-,so ; 0 0-20►n ; Q: 5 0-150 ; o
2odoM i � t 150-250 i p 2o-4oM i 4€ 150-250 ; �
40-70M � � 250�00 i p 40-70M I �j ; 250-d00 � �
7o-1o0M I � 400-600 ; p 7o-1ooM I g` 400-600 ! �
100 UP ! � 600 UP ! � 100 UP � � Q E 600 UP i �
TOTAL ' 3 ;;;' 0 ,.; 28 4
tt�maRtcs(kespond by Number)
3. Will not be disrupted due to the project.
4. A. One-story frame business, 2000 SF, Shuttle Cleaning
Service, truck trailer washout, hot showers, certified
truck scales and sandwich bar. Three employees.
No minorities.
B. One-story frame business, 1800 SF, The Cove
Antiques, sale of antiques, collectibles and gifts. Two
employees. No minorities.
6. Brooks 8� Broadwell Realty, Marion, N. C�.; Stone Realty,
Marion, N. C. and local newspaper.
8. As necessary in accordance with State law.
11. Isothermal Planning and Development Commission,
Marion, N. C.
12. Local realtors indicate that adequate DSS housing will
be available during relocation period.
14. Stone Realty and Brooks � Broadwelt Realty indicated
that business properties would be available for this
project.
This Report does not include mobile home park.
Se � ��
� -�rr- i c
�d y Date
Original & 1 Copy: State Relocation Agerrt
2 Copy Area Reloca:ion Office

RELOCATION REPORT
North Carolina Department of Transportation
AREA RELOCATION OFFICE
❑x E.i.s. � CORRIDOR � DESIGN 'Mobile Home Park Only
PROJECT: ' 8.T871101 j couNr�r ! McDowell '. Alternate * of Altemate
i.�. No.: � R-2596A I F.A. PROJECT I NHF-22') 3
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: , US 221 From NC 226 to North of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
,. _ ,
,,
,
' ESTIMA�ED DISPLACEES �NCOME LEVEL
Type of ' � �� i
� � �
Displacees Owners I Tenants � Total Minoritie 0-15M 15-25M I 25-35M ! 35-SOM � 50 UP
s � ! '
Residential I 0 I 17 17 0 1 I 10 ; 3 � 1; 2
Businesses � 0 0 0 0. VALUE OF.DWELUNG DSS.DWELLING AvAILABLE
Farms 0' 0 0 0 Owners Tenants For Sale For Rent
Non-Profit I 0 � 0 0 0 o-2oM , ; s o-�so *�� o-zor� ; _� s o-�so ! *g
ANSiA(ER AtL QUESTIONS 20-40M � 9 150-250 i _ 20-40�a j _ 15D-250 i
Yes No Fxplain all °YES" answers. 40-70M ` 250-400 : 40-7oM ; i 250-400 _
: x 1. Will special relocation services be necessary? 7o-1ooM ; 400-soo i 7o-1ooM i � aoo-5oo j _
' 2. Will schools or churches be affected by � 00 uP I � eoo uP ` _ 100 uP i . eoo uP � _
' ` displacement? TOTA� i .
; ... � � 8
_ . ..
3. Will business services still be available after
RERAARKSfReSpOhd bYNUn1fJBN
project?
i 4. Will any business be displaced? If so,
indicate size, type, estimated number of
employees. minorities, etc.
5. Will relocation cause a housing shortage?
6. Source for available housing (list).
� 7. Will additional housing programs be needed?
i 8. Should Last Resort Housing be considered?
I 9. Are there large, disabted, elderly, etc.
families?
10. Will public housing be needed for project?
j 11. Is public housing available?
� 12. Is it feR there will be adequate DSS housing
avaitable during relocation period?
� 13. Will there be a problem of housing within
financial means?
� 14. Are suitable business sites available (list
source).
15. Number mor►ths estimated to complete
r��ocanoN? i 12 to 14 months
orm 15.4 Revised 02/95 d
.-f �
6-20-96
Date
MOBILE HOME PARK ONLY
The mobile home park that may be affected contains 17
mobile homes. From a visual inspection it is my opinion that
the mobile homes are owned by the occupants and they rent
the spaces.
A study of the area revealed that only 8 mobile home spaces
were available at this time. Information obtained from
Brooks and Broadwell Realty, Marion, N. C., indicated that
with 12 to 14 months lead time that this number of mobile
homes could be relocated with no problems.
a /�-/C`l/� /
Ct% �(J— G
Approved by Date
Original & 1 Copy: State Relocation Agent
2 Copy Area Relocation Office

.�
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
MEMORANDUM
To: Melba McGee
Through:
From
Subject:
John Dornc��C��
Monica Swihart
Eric Galamb��
EA for US 221 from
McDowell County
June 23, 1995
NC 226 to SR 1573
/••
�EHNf�
State Project DOT No. 8.T871101, TIP #R-2596A
EHNR # 95-0853, DEM # 10958
The subject document has been reviewed by this office. The Division of
Environmental Management (DEM) is respons�ble for the issuance of the Section 401
Water Quality Certification for activities which impact waters of the state including
wetlands. The document states that greater than 0.6 acres of waters including
wetlands will be impacted. The following comments are provided in response to the
EA:
1) DEM and the Wildlife Resources Commission met with DOT staff (Mark Reep,
Randy Turner, John Lansford, Abdul Rahmani etc) on November 29, 1994 to
discuss concerns about the relocation of Hickory Bottom Branch. DEM's main
concern was that the relocated stream utilize the old stream bed as much as
possible. DEM contacted Mr. Reep (DOT) on June 21, 1995 because it is
unclear in the EA whether DOT is implementing our request as stated in the
field and communicated to DOT in a December 21, 1994 memorandum from
Eric Galamb to Mark Reep. DEM was informed that DOT could not respond to
the December memorandum until the design phase of the project.
Furthermore, DOT stated that they are reducing the right-of-way (ROW) to be
acquired for this project. DOT should ensure that they acquire enough ROW to
allow for meandering of the stream when it is relocated.
2) DOT is reminded that endorsement of an EA by DEM would not preclude the
denial of a 401 Certification upon application if wetland impacts have not been
avoided and minimized to the maximum extent practicable.
Questions regarding the 401 Certification should be directed to Eric Galamb (733-
1786) in DEM's Water Quality Environmental Sciences Branch.
cc: Mark Reep, DOT
Asheville COE
us221.ea
P,O. Box 29535, Rdeigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opporfunffy Affirmative Action Employer 5096 recycled/ 1096 post-consumer paper

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Depa�tment of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Office of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs
Project Review Form
Project Number: County:
9�-0� �3 _
" l L�[�.J �—'
Date:
❑ Project located in 7th floor library
� bG� S�
Date Response Due (firm deadline):
3� Y� �/� Z/��
� �, �-�t-� �e�rn I�L �a� -�a `Y�o►��h � S � �5� 3
�� � «���
��n�� a5���
This project is being reviewed as indicated below: /���1 ,__ � Cl �� `2 \ U3 � p8 �'�j (�
1 'IvtJt.l,411� J 1
Regional Office/Phone
❑ Asheville
❑ Fayetteville
❑ Mooresviile
❑ Raleigh
❑ Washington
❑ Wilmington
❑ Winston-Salem
Manager Sign•OfflRegion:
Regional Office Area
❑ All R/O Areas
❑ Air
❑ Water
❑ Groundwater
❑ Land Quality Engineer
❑ Recreational Consultant �"
❑ Coastal Management Consultant
❑ Others
PWS
Response (check ali applicable)
Date:
In-House Review
� Soil and Water
❑ Coastal Management
❑ Water Resources
�Wildlife
`�-Forest Resources
❑ Land Resources
Parks and Recreation
nvironmental Management
Monica Swihart
Regional Office response to be compiled and compieted by Regional Manager
I❑ No objection to project as proposed
I❑ No Comment
❑ Insufficient information to complete review
I❑ Approve
❑ Permit(s) needed (permit files have been checked)
❑ Recommended for further development with recommendations for
strengthening (comments attached)
❑ Recommended for further development if specific 8 substantive
changes incorporated by funding agency (comments
attached/authority(ies) cited)
RETURN TO:
❑ Marine Fisheries
❑ Water Planning
pc,� Environmental Health
/`
❑ Solid Waste Management
❑ Radiation Protection
❑ David Foster
❑Other (specify)
RECEIVED
MAY 2 5 1995
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
In-House ReviewerlAgency:
In-House Reviewer complete individual response.
❑ Not recommended for further deveiopment for reasons
stated in attached comments (authority(ies) cited)
❑ Applicant has been contacted
❑ Applicant has not been contacted
❑ Project Controversial (comments attached)
❑ Consistency Statement needed (comments attached)
❑ Consistency Statement not needed
❑ Full EIS must be required under the provisions of
NEPA and SEPA
❑ Other (specify and attach comments)
Melba MCGee . Ofiice of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs
vs.,o.

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US 221
From NC 226 to north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
McDowell County
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3)
. State Project No. 8.T8711U1 ,
R-2596A
ADMINISTRATIYE ACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
U. S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
and
N. C. Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Submitted Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)
��9� - dc�
Date . Franklin Vick, P. E., anager
Planning and Environmental Branch
�Zs �.� _
Date ic as . raf, P. �.
�2 Division Administrator, FHWA
, ��

US 221
From NC 226 to north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
McDowell County
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3)
State Project No. 8.T871101
R-2596A
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSE'SSMENT
Documentation Prepared in Planning and Environmental Branch by:
4 25 S
Mark L. Re , P. E.
Project Planning Engineer
.
Linwood Stone
Project Planning Engineer, Unit Head
Richard B. Davis, P. E., ssistant Manager
Planning and Environmental
����.��.�.�.�..,.
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° � 19818 : '
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Summarv of Environmental Commitments
A. One archaeological site (31MC197) will be extensively disturbed by the project. .
Additional archaeological testing is recommended to determine if significant
archaeological remains might be present within the portion of the site that is to be
disturbed. This testing will be conducted during the preparation of the final
environmental document.
:
relocated channel will be designed according to the NC Wildlife Resources
Commission "Guidelines for Mountain Stream Relocation in North Carolina." T�h�
adherence to Best Mana�ement Practices and
C. All waters within McDowell County are Mountain Trout Waters as designated by
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC). This designation
requires that applicants obtain a letter of comment and recommendation from the
NCWRC and a letter of concurrence from the Wilmington District Corps of
Engineers before discharging any dredged or fill material into waters of the United
States that occur within any of the 25 designated counties. The proposed culverts
will be designed in coordination with the NCWRC and US Fish and Wildlife Service.
This letter of comment will be obtained prior to completing the final environmental
document.
D. No instream construction activities will be performed during the trout spawning
period of November 1 to April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages from
sedimentation.
E. Special attention will be given to installing and maintaining the appropriate erosion .
control and sedimentation control devices. During construction, the following
measures will be impiemented to minimize disturbance to existing trout streams:
Any material excavated for footings in or near water will be removed from
the immediate vicinity to prevent it from eroding back into the water.
2. All runoff crossing the construction area will be directed to temporary silt
basins via lateral ditches with rock check dams to slow and filter the runoff
prior to discharging into the river.
3. Approach roadway fill slopes shall be provided at the toe of the fill. Berms
along the top of the fill slope will be used to convey runoff laterally to
temporary slope drains, which empty into temporary sediment basins.
F. The Cove Antiques; a business with the potential for underground storage tanks
(UST's) to exist on the property, will be relocated by the project. Additional testing
is required to determine if UST's and potential soil contamination are present at this
site. This testing will be conducted prior to completing the final environmental
document. If the property is contaminated, NCDOT will request that the property

owner clean up the site in accordance with the federal regulations contained in
40 CFR 280 entitled "Technical Standards and Conective Action Requirements for
Owners and Operators of Underground Storage Tanks (UST's)". If the property
owner does not clean the site, a settlement will be reached between the owner,
NCDOT, and the Division of Environmental Management to remediate the
containination. �

I
0
II.
III.
�
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SI:INIl�IARY
DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION
A. General Description
B. Cross Sections
C. Right of Way and Access Control
D. Design Speed
E. Structures
F. Sidewalks
G. Bicycle Provisions
H. Railroad Crossing
NEED FOR PROPOSED PROJECT
A. Existing Roadway Conditions '
l. Cross Section
2. Right of Way
3. Curvature
4. Access Control
5. Structures
6. Intersecting Roads
7. Speed Limits
8. Railroads Crossings
9. Utilities
10. Geodetic Markers
11. School Buses
B. Route Classification and Thoroughfare Plan
C. Traffic Volumes and Capacity
1. US 221 Analysis
2. Unsignalized Intersections
D. Accident History
ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION
A. Highway Construction Alternatives
1. Alignment Alternatives
2. Cross Section Alternatives
B. "Do Nothing" Alternative
C. Public Transportation Alternative
PAGE
i
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1
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
6
6
6
7
8
9
9
9
11
12
12

0
,
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
A. Social Environment
1. Neighborhood Characteristics
2. Public and Private Facilities
3. Relocation Impacts
4. Cultural Resources
a. Architectural Resources
b. Archaeological Resources
5. Section 4(� Resources
B. Economic Environment ,
C. Land Use
1. Status of Local Planning Activities
2. Existing Land Use
3. Future Land Use
4. Farmland
D. Natural Environment
1. Biotic Resources
a. Plant Communities
b. Wildlife Communities
c. Aquatic Life
d. Biotic Community Impacts
e. Federally Protected Species
f.. Federal Candidate/ State Protected Species
2. Physical Resources
a. Geological Resources
b. Water Resources �
c. Water Resource Impacts
3. Wetlands
4. Permits
5. Mitigation
6. Flood Hazard Evaluation
7. Air Quality
8. Traffic Noise
� 9. Hazardous Materials
10. Construction Impacts
PAGE)
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
17
18
19
19
20
21
22
22
23
24
26 .
26
27
27
27
30
34
35

V
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONIlVIENTS AND COORDINATION
A. Comments Received
B. Citizens Informational Workshop
C. Public Hearing
FIGURES
Figure 1 A -
Figure 1B -
Figure 1 C -
Figure 2 -
Figures 3A-3C -
Figure 4 -
Figure 5 -
Figure -
Figure 7 -
Figure 8 -
TABLES
Table 1 -
Table 2 -
Table 3 -
Table 4 -
Table 5 -
Table 6 -
Table 7 -
Table 8 -
APPENDIX
Vicinity Map
Project Area
Adjacent Projects
Aerial Mosaic
Roadway Typical Sections
Proposed Stream Crossing Locations
Projected Traffic Volumes
Proposed Stream Rechannelization Locations
Wetland Locations
100=Year Flood Zones
PAGE)
36
36
37
38
US 221 Analysis Levels of Service
Unsignalized Intersection Levels of Service
Accident Rates
Summary of Anticipated Plant Community Impacts
Federally Protected Species for McDowell County
Federal Candidate/ State Protected Species for McDowell County
"Best Usage" Classifications of Water Resources
Summary of Wetland Impacts
Appendix A- Relocation Assistance Report and Relocation Programs
Appendix B - Agency Comments
Appendix C- Air Quality and Traffic Noise Data

i US 221
From NC 226 to north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
McDowell County
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3)
State Project No. 8.T871101
R-2596A
Si;►MIVIARY
Tvpe of Action
This is a Federal Highway Administration Administrative Action, Environmental
Assessment.
2. Description of Action
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen
US 221 in McDowell County from NC 226 near Woodlawn to 0.3 mile north of SR 1573
(Pitts Station Road) near North Cove. The project calls for upgrading the existing two-lane
roadway to a multilane facility, a length of approximately 3.8 miles involving some new
alignment to straighten the roadway curvature (see Figures lA & 1B for pro�ect location).
Combinations of four-lane and five-lane typical sections are proposed throughout the.
project. The proposed typical sections and their appro�mate locations are listed below
(refer to Figure 1B).
Section
1. Five-lane with -
shoulders
2. Four-lane divided -
with median barrier
(22-foot median)
3. Four-lane divided -
with grass median
(46-foot median)
Location
from southern project limit to 0.4 mile north
of NC 226 (a length of 0.3 mile)
from 0.4 mile north of NC 226 to 0.4 mile
south of SR 1556 (a length of 0.7 mile)
from 0.4 mile south of SR 1556 to 0.3 mile
north of SR 1573 (a length of 2.8 miles)
The proposed improvements extend 0.3 mile north of SR 1573 to provide a median turn
lane at the intersection and to transition the four-lane divided cross section back to two
lanes. �
During construction, US 221 traffic on the southern portion of the project will be
detoured along SR 1558 and SR 1556 (refer to Figure 2 for detour location). A discussion
of the proposed detour is included in Section I.I.
The project is included in the 1995-2001 North Carolina Transportation
Improvement Program (TIP). The estimated project cost in the TIP is $ 13,650,000, which
includes $ 4,750,000 for right of way, $ 8,200,000 for construction, and $ 700,000 spent in
previous years. The project is scheduled for right of way acquisition and construction in
fiscal years 1995 and 1997, respectively.
i

3. Summarv of Environmental Impacts
The proposed project will provide an overall positive benefit for McDowell County.
The project will improve the traffic flow along US 221 as well as increase safety. The
proposed multilane facility will help reduce travel times and provide more efficient vehicle
operation. Wider travel lanes and an improved alignment will increase driver safety. The
project will improve access between the foothills of the state and the northwest mountains.
Some negative environmental impacts result from the project. Five residences and
two businesses will be relocated. One of the businesses has the potential for underground
storage tanks (U�s)_to_be_impacted by the project. The�project crosses'_siz trout strearri�
Although some of these impacts are substantial, the project will not have a
significant adverse impact on the human and naturai environment. The proposed
improvements avoid surface waters where possible by widening existing US 221 away from
parallel streams and by including the maximum allowable slopes to reduce the cross section
width. tUnavoidable-imnacts�to stre sam and-wetlands_occur_mosfly at-perpend'icular stream
improvements also avoid talcing land tr�
no traffic noise impacts are anticipated.
4. Alternatives Considered
two known Section 4( fl properties. In addition,
A. Highway Construction Alternatives
l. Alignment Alternatives
2. Cross Section Alternatives
B. ; "Do Nothing" Alternative
C. Public Transportation Alternative
Coordination
The following federal, state, and local agencies were consulted during the
preparation of this environmental assessment:
Army Corps of Engineers
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U. S. Forestry Service
Environmental Protection Agency
Region C& D Planning Agencies
State Clearinghouse
Department of Cultural Resources
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Department of Human Resources
Department of Public Instruction
McDowell County Commissioners
ii

6. Permits Reyuired
It is anticipated the proposed improvements can be performed under Department of
the Army Nationwide Pernvts for discharges Above Headwaters or for Road Crossing Fills
in accordance.with 33 CFR 330.5(a)(26) and 33 CFR 330.5(a�(14)�respectively. Final
pernut decisions are left to the discretion of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
•A �U� �ter °Qualit-y :C-ertification,—administered through the Department of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources (DEHNR), is likely to be required for the
project since a federal permit is involved.
7. AdditionalInformation
Additional information concerning the proposal and assessment can be obtained by
contacting the following individuais:
Mr. Nicholas L. Graf, P. E.
Division Administrator, FHWA
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601
Telephone [phone]
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P. E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601
Telephone [phone]
�
c
iii

' US 221
From NC 226 to north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road)
McDowell Coi�nty
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3)
State Project No. 8.T871101
R-2596A
I. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION
The subject project is located along a principal north-south corridor that provides
access between the foothills of the state and the northwest mountains. This corridor is
formed by US 221 and NC 105 between the state line in Rutherford County and Boone in
Watauga County. South of Project R-2596A, from Marion to Woodlawn, multilane
improvements are proposed or underway along US 221. US 221 is under construction from
US 70 in Marion to SR 1434 near Tom Creek, to upgrade the route to a five-lane facility -
(Project R-204A). Right of way is being acquired along Project R-2020, from SR 1434 to
south of NC 226 near Woodlawn, to provide a five-lane facility. Construction has begun on
the replacement of Bridge No. 104 over Armstrong Creek and the realignment of the US
221/ NC 226 intersection (Project B-1277). These projects are shown on Figure 1C. R-
2596 A, the subject project, proposes to extend multilane improvements along US 221 from
NC 226 to north of SR 1573 near North Cove (refer to Figure 1B for project location). The
proposed improvements extend 0.3 mile north of SR 1573 to provide a median turn lane at
the intersection and to transition the four-lane divided cross section back to two laries.
Project R-2596 consists of three parts: Part A(from NC 226 in Woodlawn to north
of SR 1573 near North Cove), Part B(from north of SR 1573 to SR 1571 near Ashford),
and Part C(from SR 1571 to the Blue Ridge Parkway near Linville Falls) (refer to
Figure 1 A for location of the three parts). Part A is the heaviest traveled portion of the
R-2596 corridor. This portion of US 221 is characterized by a narrow, sinuous alignment
through mostly mountainous terrain. The traffic volumes are highest along this segment
because much of the traffic is generated by a major manufacturing plant, Baxter Healthcare,
located at the northern end of the segment along SR 1573. Part B begins north of SR 1573
where the traffic volumes substantially decrease and extends to SR 1571 along the valley
connecting the North Cove and Ashford communities. This portion of US 221 is
characterized by a narrow but generally straight alignment through rolling tenain. Part C
begins at SR l 571 and extends to the Blue Ridge Parkway north of Linville Falls. US 221
in this location is characterized by a narrow sinuous alignment through the rugged: -
mountainous tenain along a portion of the Pisgah National Forest. Traffic volumes are
lowest along this section.
Part A improvements are evaluated in the subject Environmental Assessment.
Improvements to Parts B and C are scheduled for post year (after the year 2001) right of
way and construction and will be evaluated at a later time in a separate environmental
document from Part A.
A. General Description
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen
US 221 in McDowell County from NC 226 near Woodlawn to just north of SR 1573 (Pitts
Station Road) near North Cove. The project calls for upgrading the existing two-lane
roadway to a multilane facility, a length of approximately 3.8 miles involving some new
alignment to straighten the roadway curvature (refer to Figure 2 for aerial mosaic showing
the project location).
1

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Combinations of four-lane and five-lane typical sections are proposed throughout the
project. These typical sections include a five-lane shoulder section, a four-lane divided
section with a median barrier, and a four-lane divided section with a grass median. The five-
lane shoulder section extends 0.3 miles from the southern project limit to north of NC 226.
The four-lane divided, median barrier section extends 0.7 mile from north of NC 226 to
south of SR 1556. The four-lane divided, grass median section extends 2.8 miles from south
of SR 1556 to north of SR 1573.
The project is included in the 1995-2001 Transportation Improvement Program
(TIP). The estimated project cost in the TIP is $ 13,650,000, which includes $ 4,750,000
for right of way, $ 8,200,000 for construction, and $ 700,000 spent in previous years. The
project is scheduled for right of way acquisition and construction in fiscal years 1995 and
1997; respectively. -
B. Cross Sections
The proposed typical sections and their approximate locations are listed below (refer
to Figures 1B and 3A - 3C).
T,ypical Section
1. Five-lane with
shoulders
2. Four-lane divided
shoulder section
with barrier
3. Four-lane divided
shoulder section
with grass median
Location
from the southern project limit to 0.4 mile north
of NC 226 (a length of 0.3 mile)
from 0.4 mile north of NC 226 to 0.4 mile south
of SR 1556 (a length of 0.7 mile) ,
from 0.4 mile south of SR 1556 to 0.3 mile north
of SR 1573 in North Cove (a length of 2.8 miles)
The five-lane shoulder section provides a 60-foot wide roadway with two travel
lanes in each direction and a continuous center turn lane. All the typical sections include 12-
foot lanes. Ten-foot usable shoulders with four-foot paved shoulders are proposed for this
section.
The four-lane divided section with barrier provides two travel lanes in each direction
and a 22-foot median with a two-foot concrete median barrier. Ten-foot useable shoulders
with four=foot paved outside'shoulders arid two=foot paved median�shoulders are also
proposed `for� this typical section. � ;; ':" , � , � :.. -� , �
The four-lane divided section with grass median provides two travel lanes in each
direction and a 46-foot grass median'��-This'typical section also includes ten-foot useable
shoulders with four-foot paved outside shoulders and two-foot paved median shoulders.
C. Ri�ht of Wav and Access Control
The five-lane shoulder section requires right of way varying from 140 to 550 feet.
The four-lane divided section with a median barrier will require between 230 and 430 feet of
right of way. The four-lane divided section with a grass median requires between 160 and
2

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,_i'�:'
650 feet of right of way. The proposed right of way will be acquired asymmetrically
throughout the project (refer to Figure 2 for right of way limits).
No control of access is proposed for this project. However, in the vicinity of the
proposed divided cross sections, the project will only allow right-in and right-out access
from adjacent properties. Left turns will be pernutted at designated median openings along
the four-lane grass median section. No median openings will be provided along the four-
lane median barrier section. As a result, the SR 1562 intersection will be restricted to right-
in and right-out access. Exclusive left turn lanes are proposed at intersections and median
openings to accommodate left turning and U-turning tr�c. �
D. Desi n �eed _
The proposed design speed is 60 mph, except in areas of rugged terrain where a
50 mph minimum design speed is proposed.
E. Structures
The project crosses five streams (refer to Figure 4 for crossing locations).
Preliminary hydraulic recommendations for each stream crossing are listed below (refer to
Section II.A.S for existing structures).
Crossing # 1 Hickory Bottom Branch - Construct a 9-foot by 5-foot reinforced
concrete box culvert (RCBC) east of the existing culvert near the
SR 1562 intersection.
Crossing #2
Crossing #3
Crossing #4
Crossing #5
Tributary to Conley Branch - Replace the existing RCBC with a
single barrel8-foof by 6-foot RCBC.
Conley Branch - Extend the existing single-barrel 6-foot by 6-foot
RCBC.
Martin Branch - Extend and supplement the existing single-barrel b-
foot by 6-foot RCBC.
Pepper Creek - Extend the existing triple-barrel 10-foot by 8-foot
RCBC (Culvert No. 112).
Since most of the streams are designated trout streams, restriction of the low flow
channel and fish passage will be important concerns during the hydraulic design phase of the
project. on ' � � �ion ' • � � � prLo,ui�ing a bot�tom�less .st�ru. cture �fo,r�,°'�`.,pr��opo�sed�
a�e sat�isfac ory. If a bottom is required, it will be placed sufficiently below the bed so the
low flow is not restricted. Analysis of velocities and bed material movement will be made to
determine if other special features, su�hmasqbaf�les-or-sills,-are required in the culvert invert
to promote retention of bed material and �o ensure adeq te flow depth for fish passage.
.-The proposed culverts will be designed in coordination with the NCWRC and US Fish and
Wildlife Service.
F. Sidewalks
Sidewalks are not proposed as a part of this project.
3

G. Bi'cycle Provisions
-,
No special accommodations will be provided for bicycles on this project. The
subject portion of US 221 is not included in the .Transportation Improvement Program for
bicycle improvements nor is this section of roadway a part of the bicycling highway system.
H. Railroad Crossings
The CSX Railroad parallels existing US 221 in the project area, but there are no
railroad crossings within the scope of the project.
Traffic Detours
The proposed alignment for the southern portion of the project consists of some new
alignment across rugged mountainous terrain to straighten the roadway curvature. During
construction, traffic along this section of US 221 will be detoured using SR 1558 and
SR 1556 (refer to Figure 2 for detour location). SR 1558 was recently used to detour traffic
during the construct�on of the replacement bridge over Armstrong Creek (Project B-1277)
and is a sufficient detour route. However, SR 1556 will need resurfacing improvements in
order to accommodate the US 221 detour traffic.
Cost Estimate
Right of Way $ 1,417,000
Construction $ 15,400.000
Total Cost $ 16,817,000
II. NEED FOR PROPOSED PROJECT
A. Existin� Roadwav Conditions
Cross Section
Existing US 221 is a two-lane, 20-foot wide roadway with six-foot usable shoulders.
2. Rieht of Wav
There is no record of the right of way that contains the existing cross section.
However, the NCDOT claims 28-feet for mamtenance purposes.
3. Curvature
There are approximately 23 curves ranging between one and 23 degrees. This
roadway is charactenzed by a poor horizontal and vertical alignment with 80 to 90 percent
no passing zones.
4. Access Control
No control of access exists along the project.
4

below:
Struct�ures
Several culverts e�cist along the subject portion of US 221. These are described
a. Hickory Bottom Branch - Three single-barrel 6-foot by 6-foot Reinforced
Box Culverts (RCBC's) are located 2000 feet, 2500 feet, and 4000 feet north
of NC 226.
b. Tributary to Conley Branch - A single-barrel6-foot by 4-foot RCBC is
located 330 feet south of SR 1556.
c. Conley Branch - A single-barrel6-foot by 6-foot RCBC is located 1800 feet
north of SR 1556.
d. Martin Branch - A single-banel6-foot by 6-foot RCBC is located 1100
feet south of SR 1554.
Pepper Creek - A triple-banel 10-foot by 8-foot RCBC (Culvert No. 112) is
located 1300 feet north of SR 1554. This culvert was built in 1952 and has a
clear roadway width of 20 feet.
No bridges exist along the subject portion of US 221.
6. IntersectinQ Roads
The following roadways intersect US 221 in the project area:
1. NC 226/SR 1558 (Old US 221)
2. SR 1562 (Johnson Hollow Road)
3. SR 1556 (American Thread Road)
4. SR 1554 (Martin�Branch Road)
5. SR 1573/SR 1566 (Pitts Station Road/Peppers Creek Road)
All of these roadways intersect US 221 at grade and are stop sign controlled.
7. �eed Limits
The posted speed along US 221 in the project area is generally 55 miles per hour
(mph). Advisory postings of 25 mph are located along the winding portions of the existing
alignment between SR 1558 and SR 1556. A 40 mph intersection advisory posting exists at
SR 1566. .
Railroad Crossin�s
There are no railroad crossings within the scope of the project.
9. Utilities
Aerial power lines and telephone lines exist along the project. A telephone switching
station is located near the NC 226 intersection at the southern project limit. The project will
require utilities to be relocated, and the severity of utility conflicts is considered to be
moderate.
5

l0. Geodetic Markers
The project will have no impact on geodetic survey markers.
11. School Buses
Five buses use US 221 to serve two local schools, generating ten trips per day.
B. Route Classification and Thorou�hfare Plan
US 221 is classified as an other principal arterial according to the Statewide
Functional Classification System. US 221 is also part of the Interim National Highway
System. No adopted thoroughfare plan e�sts for McDowell County.
C. Traffic Volumes and Ca acit
The existing (1993) average daily traffic (ADT) volumes along US 221 range from
- 3600 vehicles per day (vpd) north of SR 1573 to 6800 vpd south of SR 1573. Projected
design year (2017) volumes in these same locations range from 8200 vpd to 15000 vpd.
The estimated traffic volumes are shown in Figure 5. These estimates of average daily
traffic include five percent truck tractor semi-trailers (TTST) and four percent dual tired
(DT) vehicles.
- The level of service (LOS) of a roadway is a measure of its traffic carrying ability.
Levels of service range from LOS A to F. Level of service A represents unrestricted
maneuverability and operating speeds. Level of service B represents reduced
maneuverability and normal operating speeds. Level of service C represents restricted
maneuvering and operating speeds close to the speed limit. This condition is considered
acceptable in sparsely populated rural areas. Level of service D represents severely
restricted maneuvering and unstable, low operating speeds. Level of service E represents
operating conditions at or near the capacity level. Breakdown conditions which are
charactenzed by stop and go travel occur with level of service F.
IJS 221 Analysis
An analysis of US 221 tr�c volumes was performed for the "do nothing" and
proposed widening alternatives using existing and projected traffic volumes. The results of
the analysis are shown in Table l.
Location
NC 226 to SR 1556
SR 1556 to SR 1573
Table 1
iJS 221 ANALYSIS
LEVELS OF SERVICE �LOS�
"No Build" Proposed Widening
Alternative Alternative
1993 2017
(LOS� (LOS�
E F
E F
6
1993
LOS
A
A
2017
LOS
C
C

" . ' �'1 v x ..�.,j.� "e. • . (
Much of e�sting US 221 between NC 226 and SR 1573 is cunently operating at
level of service E(LOS E). This portion of the existing facility is characterized by narrow
travel lanes, a poor horizontal and vertical alignment, and 80 to 90 percent no passing
zones. The highest traffic volumes are projected to travel along this section. By the design
year (2017), this portion of US 221 will operate under breakdown conditions (LOS F).
With the proposed widening improvements, this portion of the facility will operate at LOS A
under the current traffic conditions and at LOS C through the design year. The proposed
construction improvements will provide a multilane roadway with wider travel lanes and an
improved horizontal and vertical alignment.
2. Unsi nag lized Intersections
All of the intersections along the project are unsignalized. A capacity analysis
was performed at each intersection for the "do nothing" and proposed widening alternatives
using existing and projected traffic volumes. The results of this analysis represent the levels
of service for left turns from US 221 and all movements from intersecting roads. These
results are shown in Table 2. `
Two of these intersections, NC 226/ SR 1558 and SR 1573/ SR 1566, are currently
operating at capacity and will reach LOS F before the design year. In the future, these
intersections will be addressed by the NCDOT Area Traffic Engineer to determine if they
meet traffic signalization warrants. If future traffic signals are provided at these
intersections, they will operate at LOS B and LOS D, respectively, in the design year. To
achieve these levels of service, some additional improvements will be needed at these
intersections in conjunction with traffic signals. The NC 226/ SR 1558 intersection will
require an exclusive eastbound right turn lane along NC 226. The SR 1573/ SR 1566
intersection will reyuire a northbound exclusive right turn lane and westbound exclusive left
turn lanes.
The SR 1562 intersection will operate at an acceptabie level of service through the
design year. This intersection level of service will be improved with the proposed right-in
and right-out access. Because no opening is proposed in the median barrier at this location,
U-turns will be permitted 0.6 mile south at NC 226 and 0.7 mile north at SR 1556 to access
this intersection.
The through traffic along US 221 will operate at LOS C in the vicinity of the
SR 1556 and SR 1554 intersections. The turning movements from the intersecting roads
will reach LOS E before the design year, but the overall traffic operations will function
acceptably since the US 221 traffic will not be impeded at these intersections. Signalization
is not recommended at SR 1556 or SR 1554 because the projected traffic volumes on these
roads are not high enough to warrant signalization. Exclusive left and right turn lanes could
be provided on the intersecting roads in the future, if wananted by traffic volumes, to
improve the turning movement operations.
7

Table 2
UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
LEVELS OF SERVICE LOS
"No Build" Proposed Widening
Alternative Alternative
1993 2017 1993 2017 �
Location jLOS� LOS (LOS� (LOS�
NC 226/SR 1558
North/South
Approaches A F B F
East/West
Approaches E F E F
SR 1562
* West Approach B E C � B
SR 1556
North/South ,
Approaches A D A D
East Approach B E B E
SR 1554
North/South
Approaches A D A D
West Approach B E C E
SR 1573/ SR 1566
North/South ,
Approaches A F A F �
East/West
Approaches E F E F � -
* Level of service based on right-in, right-out access only. "
D. Accident Historv
There were 206 accidents along the subject section of US 221 between January 1,
1989 and February 28, 1993. Two of these accidents were fatal. Ninety-five (46.1 percent)
involved vehicles running offthe road, 33 (16 percent) were rear end collisions, 20 (9.7
percent) were animal related accidents, 17 (8.3 percent) were angle accidents, 16 (7.8
percent) were sideswipe accidents, and 25 were other types of accidents.
,;�
.

The following table compares US 221 accident rates to the statewide average rates.
Accident Tvpe
Fatal
Non-fatal injury
Nighttime
Wet Conditions
Total Rate
Table 3
ACCIDENT RATES
(Accidents per 100 million vehicle miles)
Statewide Average
Rates alon� US 221
1.8
76.9
54.9
51.6
186.5
for Rural US Routes
2.5
80.2
46.2
41.5
167.0
The total accident rate for this section of US 221 is above the statewide average for similar
facilities. Approximately 46.1 percent of the 206 accidents recorded along the project
during the study period involved vehicles running offthe road. It is anticipated that the
proposed multilane improvements, improved alignment, and wider lanes will reduce the
occurrence of this type of accident.
Twenty-seven accidents (13.1 percent) occurred at the NC 226/ SR 1558
intersection, located at the southern limit of the project. The majority of these were rear end
accidents resulting from stopped vehicles turning onto NC 226. The proposed five-lane
typical section in this location will provide a center turn lane and an additional travel lane in
each direction to reduce the occurrence of this accident type. This intersection is being
realigned to improve sight distance as part ofProject B-1277.
Nine accidents (4.4 percent) occurred at the intersection with SR 1566 (Peppers
Creek Road) and SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road). The majority of these were angle accidents,
the result of drivers pulling out in front of vehicles on US 221. These accidents are most
likely due to poor sight distance, which will be increased by the proposed improvements to
the horizontal and vertical alignment.
III. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION
The alternatives considered for the project consist of highway construction
alternatives, the "do nothing" alternative, and the public transportation alternative.
A. Highwa.y Construction Alternatives
Ali ng ment Alternatives
The project consists of widening US 221 along the existing roadway corridor.
Asymmetric widening was evaluated through the entire project length involving new
location to upgrade the horizontal and vertical curvature to meet current AASHTO design
standards. Improvements along the existing corridor minimize potential adverse impacts to
the natural environment.
�7

One additional comdor was considered eazly in the project's development as an
alternative for avoiding the rugged mountainous terrain between NC 226 and SR 1556.
This corridor follows the existing SR 1556 alignment from 0.7 mile south of NC 226 in
Woodlawn to the US 221/ SR 1556 intersection near Sevier. This corridor is located in
generally level terrain, but it crosses through a water supply watershed critical area, crosses
Armstrong Creek closer to the water supply intake, and parallels the North Fork Catawba
River. In addition, this comdor does not use the five- lane bridge over Armstrong Creek
that is under construction with project B-1277 or the 0.9-mile portion of five-lane right of
way that is being acquired with project R-2020. For these reasons this corridor was not
considered to be a feasible alternative for the project.
Three alignment alternatives were evaluated between NC 226 and SR 1562 (Johnson
Hollow Road) near the southern project limit to minimize impacts to Hickory Bottom
Branch. These are described below.
Alternative 1
=� �Alternative 1 consists ofwiderung on the,west side of US 221 for approximately
1450 feet•north of:NC 226 and shifting the;alignment'on new�locafiorr`:west ofthe existing
roadway until it crosses S&� 1562. ' This alternative impacts the stream `charinel� along the
west side of existing US 221 between the two existing culverts:' This alternative requires
approximately 600 feet of stream rechannelization to relocate the channel east of its existing
location. Alternative 1 also relocates a telephone switching station located along the west
side of US 221. The estimated construction cost for Alternative 1 is $1,425,000 (not
including the cost for right of way). This design requires an additional cost of $800,000 to
relocate the telephone switching station. Alternative 1 requires the least amount of stream
rechannelization, but was not selected because it involves substantial utility conflicts,
resulting in a high cost.
Alternative 2 (Recommended�
Alternative 2 consists of widening US 221 symmetrically and on the east side for
approximately 500 feet north of NC 226 and shifting the alignment on new location west of
the existing roadway until it crosses SR 1562. This alternative impacts Hickory Bottom
Branch in two locat�ons requiring a total of approximately 775 feet of stream
rechannelization (refer to Figure 6 for proposed stream rechannelization locations).
Alternative 2 avo�ds the telephone switching station, but impacts Hickory Bottom Branch
near the southern project limit requiring approximately 175 feet of stream rechannelization.
Alternative 2 also impacts the stream channel along the west side of existing US 221
between the two existing culverts and requires approximately 600 feet of stream
rechannelization to relocate the channel east of its existing location. The estimated
construction cost for this alternative is $1,475,000.
Alternative 2 was recommended because it minimizes utility conflicts, resulting in a
lower cost. Between the two existing culverts this alignment is generally the same as the
Alternative 1 alignment which minimizes stream channel impacts. Although Alternative 2
impacts two portions of Hickory Bottom Branch, the 175-foot section of stream
rechannelization at the southern project limit has already been disturbed as part of the
adjacent R-2020 and B-1277 projects and will be improved with this alignment.
Alternative 3
Alternative 3 consists of mostly symmetric widening along existing US-221 between
NC 226 and SR 1562. Symmetric widening substantially impacts this stream and requires
10

�- < t.., -, ? , ... ` t.', . .'�,. ' r'.'.
approximately 1825 feet of rechannelization. This alternative aiso involves substantial utility
conflicts by relocating the telephone switching station. The estimated construction cost for
this design is $1,225,000. This alternative requires an additional cost of $800,000 to
relocate the telephone switching station. Alternative.3 was not selected because it requires
the greatest amount of stream relocation and involves substantial utility conflicts.
2. Cross Section Alternatives
Three alternative cross sections were considered along the project: a five-lane
shoulder section, a four-lane divided section with a grass median, and a four-lane divided
section with a median barrier. These cross section alternatives and the recommend typical
sections are described below.
Five-Lane Shoulder Section
A five-lane shoulder section was considered to match the proposed five- lane typical
section for Project R-2020, south of the subject roject. The five-lane typical section
requires the least amount of right of way. �is t+ypical section'-�i's d�es`i�r��able�iri�_de�eloped�
�neea��ror�.:�a�;;c:ontinuous-center-tur-naane.�in aaait�on, a nve-�ane section tnrougn tne ruggea
mountainous terrain near the southern project limit may present a potentially hazardous
condition allowing trucks or passenger cars to cross the center turn lane and hit oncoming
traffic. For these reasons a five-lane shoulder section is recommended only from the
southern project limit to approximately 0.4 miles north of NC 226.
Four-Lane Divided Section With Grass Median
A four-lane divided typical section with a 46-foot grass median was also considered
for the entire project. This cross section is more suitable for the rural character of the
communities in the project area, but it requires the greatest amount of right of way. In the
rugged mountainous tenain near the southern project limit (from 0.4 mile north of NC 226
to SR 1556), the 46-foot median section requires more extensive excavation and fill,
resulting in increased construction impacts and costs. For these reasons, the four-lane
divided section with a grass median is recommended from SR 1556 to north of SR 1569.
Four-Lane Divided Section With Median Barrier
A four-lane divided typical section with a median barrier was considered in the
rugged mountainous terrain just north of NC 226. This cross section provides a 22-foot
wide median to reduce the amount of excavation and fill material. Because of the steep
terrain, a barrier is desirable with the narrower median to prevent trucks or passenger cars
from crossing the median into oncoming traffic. Because this section provides a nanower
cross section width and a median banier between the opposing traffic, the four-lane divided
section with a median barrier is recommended from 0.4 mile north of NC 226 to SR 1556.
Two types of inedian barriers were considered for this typical section, a guardrail
bamer and a concrete "Jersey Type" barrier. Because of the high percentage of truck traffic
and high traffic volumes along the facility, a guardrail banier would likely involve higher
maintenance costs to repair the guardrail after vehicle collisions. For this reason, the
guardrail barrier was rejected. A concrete "Jersey Type" barrier is freyuently included in
mountainous settings and is recommended because it is more durable in withstanding
collisions, resulting in lower maintenance costs.
11

B. "Do Nothing" Alternative
The "do nothing" alternative was considered during project development. This
alternative presents negative impacts to future tr�c operations along US 221. The route is
cunently operating at level of service E during peak periods and will continue to deteriorate
as future traffic demands increase. Enhanced safety, greater traffic carrying capacity and
improved mobility and accessibility are currently needed. For these reasons, the "do
nothing" alternatrve was rejected.
C. Public Transnortation Alternative
Through trips constitute the major traffic movement along US 221. Development in
this area is primarily rural and of low density. This land use pattern does not lend itself to a
public transit system. However, ridesharing programs are available to the public in the
vicinity of the project.
McDowell County maintains an organized ridesharing program called the
Coordinated Transportation System. This system is operated by the County's various
human services agencies to provide transportation for the agencies' program participants.
The following agencies in the Coordinated Transportation System operate ridesharing
services along US 221 in the project area:
,
Foothills Industrv Rehabilitation Services (operates two vans to transport disabled
participants to rts vocational training center)
Developmental Day Care (uses one van to transport children to its child care facility)
D�e artment of Social Services (organizes carpools and transports its participants in
mimvans and vans)
Senior Center (transports elderly citizens to its facility in vans)
In addition to the County's system, other ridesharing opportunities are available
through private companies. Many employees of Baxter Healthcare, McDowell County's
largest manufacturer located near the northern project limit, participate in carpools, private
vanpools, and shuttle bus services. As many as 20 vans transport employees to the plant
dunng the three working shifts. Several activity buses also operate during the shifts to
shuttle employees to work.
These ridesharing programs alone will not fulfill the need of the proposed project.
However, the proposed improvements will enhance the safety and efficiency for these other
modes of transportation since they rely upon the US 221 highway corridor.
12

.� . . :ar — —
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IlVIPACTS
A. Social Environment
Neighborhood Characteristics
McDowell County is in the west central section of the state and is bounded by
Burke, Rutherford, Henderson, Buncombe, Yancey, Mitchell, and Avery Counties. The
1990 U.S. Census indicates that McDowell County has a total population of 35,681 and a
population density of 80.78 people per square mile.
The project vicinity is characterized by rural development. This development
includes farmland and scattered residential and business development. Several
manufacturing facilities are located near the project along the CSX Railroad which parallels
US 221. •
2. Public Facilities and Private Facilities
Public and private facilities in the vicinity of the project include the North Cove
Elementary School and the Baxter I.V. Systems Division manufacturing plant. North Cove
Elementary School is located near the northern project limit approximately 0.3 mile east of
US 221 on SR 1569 (North Cove School Road). The Baxter manufacturing plant is also
located near the northern project limit on SR 1566 (Pepper Creek Road) near the Pitts
community. The project will provide a left turn lane in the median at SR 1566 to enhance
access to the plant. The project will not adversely affect either facility.
3. Relocation Impacts
Based on preliminary studies, the project will relocate five residences and. two
businesses. None of these relocatees are minorities. A relocation assistance report
describing these relocatees is included in Appendix A. A third business, the GTE telephone
switching station near the southern project limit, is described in the relocation report smce it
is impacted by Alternatives 1 and 3. This switching station, however, will not be relocated
by the recommended Alternative 2 alignment. Adequate replacement housing is anticipated
to be available for all relocatees at the time the residents and businesses must relocate. Last
resort housing will be considered, if necessary.
The NCDOT Relocation Program offers assistance to those families or businesses
relocated by the project. This program provides replacement housing payments, rent and/or
down payment supplements, and increased interest payments to prevent hardship for the
displacees. Additional information regarding the Division of Highways relocation program
is inciuded in Appendix A.
4. Cultural Resources
a. Architectural Resources
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, implemented by the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Section l06 requires that if a federally-funded, licensed, or permitted project has an effect
on a property listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, the Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation must be given an opportunity to comment.
13

Photographs, maps, and information describing all the properties over 50 years of
age within the area of potential effect (APE) were provided by NCDOT and reviewed with
the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). No eligible National Register properties are
located within the APE, and the SHPO concurs with this eligibility determination (refer to
SHPO correspondence in Appendix B).
b. Archaeological Resources
An archaeological reconnaissance of the project area was conducted in March and
April, 1994, by NCDOT staff archaeologists to determine if the project might disturb
significant archaeological resources. Se�en archaeological sites were identified within the
project's area of potential effect. Five of the sites (31MC127, 202, 205, 207, and 209) are
not archaeologically significant an no additional investigation is recommended. The sixth site
(31MC 199) will be partially disturbed by the proposed construction, but the part of the site
to be disturbed has been found to lack significant archaeological remains. The seventh site
(31MC197) will be extensively disturbed by the project. Additional archaeological testing is
recommended to determine if significant archaeological remains might be present within the
portion of the site that is to be disturbed. This testing will be conducted during the
preparation of the final environmental document. The SHPO concurs with these
determinations and recommendations (refer to SHPO conespondence in Appendix B).
The archaeological resources identified within the proposed project area are not
likely to be used for public interpretation nor are they the types of resources that should
require preservation in place. Therefore, should any of the archaeological sites be
determined to be significant resources, it is unlikely that Section 4( fl of the U. S. Department
of Transportation Federal-Aid Highway Act, as amended, will apply to any portion of the
project.
Section 4� Resources
The project wili not acquire land from any Section 4( fl resources.
B. Economic Environment
As of December 1993, McDowell County had a labor force of 17,030. `Out of this
total 16,090 persons were gainfully employed, while 940 persons were unemployed, or 5.5
percent of the total work force.
The existing alignment is typical of rural mountainous terrain. With numerous
verticai and horizontal curves, the road is difficult to negotiate in a passenger vehicle, much
less in a commercial vehicle. Logging trucks and other commercial transports cannot safely
use the existing facility.
The proposed improvements will decrease the need to make unsafe movements and
increase the safety factor. In addition the economic development potential of the road
frontage along US 221 will be enhanced by improved access and a reduction in road
congestion. The proposed improvements will also yield economic benefits of reduced costs
in terms of time savings and operationai expenses.
14

'=i` � .. . . r . . , �.i,`_. . , .,
C. Land Use
Status of Local Plannin� Activities
The proposed improvements are within the planning jurisdiction of McDowell
County. The County recently adopted its first land planning document, the Land Use and
Development Plan. The County has not adopted a general zoning ordinance, but has
enacted a watersupply watershed protection ordinance which controls development within
the critical area of the County's watersupply watersheds.
2. Exi•stine Land Use
The project area is rural in character. The southern portion of the project consists of
undeveloped woodlands through a mountainous area with relatively steep slopes. The valley
widens near SR 1556 (American Thread Road), where farming operations are underway.
SR 1556 provides access to the small community of Sevier, located along the CSX Railroad
east of US 221.
A small mobile home park is located on fhe west side of US 221 near Conley
Branch. Continuing north, the land is again comprised of woodlands with little development
to SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road), where the B�ter Systems, Inc. industrial plant is located.
The industry produces medical supplies. The plant's package wastewater treatment plant is
located near the existing roadway in front of the building. The land across from the plant,
on the west side of the roadway remains wooded, with scattered residences along the
hillsides. The Sandy Andrews Memorial Park (North Cove Park), operated by McDowell
County is located on US 221 near Pitts Station Road. The park, when developed, will
provide baseball and soccer fields, tennis courts, a swimming pool, and picnic areas along
the North Fork of the Catawba River. North of the project, SR 1569 (North Cove School
Road) provides access to the North Cove community and the North Cove Elementary
School. � ,
Future Land Use
According to the County's Land Use Plari, most of the project vicinity is located in
an area designated to remain in rural land use. Areas designated a Rural on the Future Land
Use Plan Map, including the project area, will continue to support forestry, agriculture and
very low single family residential uses. No public water or sewer services will be provided
to the area. �
The Pitts and North Cove areas are designated Community on the Future Land Use
Map. Community areas allow for the clustering of a variety of land uses which meet the
residential and commercial needs of the rural portions of the county.
l
The County has designated several routes, including US 221, as Scenic Corridors.
The proposed alignment is contained within this corridor, generally following the existing
alignment. According to the plan, "this special recognition was given to areas which possess
cultural, historical, and/or aesthetic qualities for motoring public to enjoy." The purpose of
the designation is to allow for the protection and preservation of these special resources.
The County also enforces a Scenic Corridor ordinance, which regulates the use of signs
within the designated corridors. No specific land use restrictions are included in the
ordinance.
15

4. Farmland
The Farmland Protection Policy Act of 1981 (FPPA) requires all federal agencies to
consider the impact of land acquisition and construction activities on prime and important
farmland soils. These soils are designated by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS)
based on a variety of properties which result in consistently high crop yields.
In compliance with the FPPA, the SCS was asked to determine whether prime or
important farmland soils would be impacted by the proposed improvement. The SCS
responded that of the approximately 170 acres of land which will be converted to highway
right of way, 22 acres are classified as prime farmland, and two acres are designated as
statewide or locally important farmland soils.
A Farmland Conversion Impact Rating (Form AD-1006) was completed for the
project (refer to Appendix B). The SCS indicated on that form that the relative value of the
farmland soils impacted is 13.1 on a scale of 0 to 100 points. The Conversion Impact
Rating also includes a site assessment of the impacted area. Points are assigned to the
assessment criteria and added to the relative value rating of the farmland soils. The FPPA
regulations state that where the total site assessment points exceed a threshold of 160
po�nts, alternatives should be considered which minimize the proposed project's impact on
the farmland soils. The total site assessment score for this project is 62.1 points. This total
is well below the regulatory threshold. Therefore, no further consideration of farmland
impacts is required.
D. Natural Environment
An ecological survey was conducted August 4, 1994 to identify vegetative
communities and wildlife species contained within the project area. Vegetative communities
and wildlife were inventoried and mapped during on-site surveys. Wetlands were identified,
using methods in the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (1987).
In-house preparatory work was completed prior to a field visit. The USGS Little
Switzerland and Ashford quadrangle maps, and the hydric soils list for McDowell County
were studied to identify potential wetland sites. Soils information was obtained from the Soil
Conservation Service (SCS) in McDowell County. The Environmental Sensitivity Base
Map for McDowell County was utilized to deternune if any=sensitive resourees"are present
in the project area. "Classifications and Water Quality Standards Assigned to the Waters of
the Catawba River Basin" (N.C. Dept. of Environment, Health and Natural Resources) was
consulted to determine the best usage classification for area streams. N.C. Natural Heritage
Program (NCNHP) and Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) files were reviewed to determine if
any protected or rare flora or fauna occurs in the project area.
1. Biotic Resources
- Distribution and composition of biotic resources throughout the project area reflect
topographic positioning, hydrologic influences, and past and present land use practices.
Terrestrial wildlife is addressed separately, rather than in the context of biotic communities.
Wildlife observed during field investigations are denoted by (*) in the text. Common and
scientific names are provided for each species listed. In subsequent references to the same
organism, only the common name is given.
16

a. Plant Communities
The project area is rural, consisting primarily of pasture land, private residences and
mixed pine/hardwood forest. Four plant communities were identified in the project area:
Maintained, Mixed Herbaceous Assemblage, Riparian Fringe, and Oak/Hickory Forest.
Naturai community profile descriptions, where applicable, have been adopted and modified
from the NCNHP classification scheme (Schafale and Weakley 1990).
Maintained Communities
Residential lawns, pasture land and roadside shoulders constitute maintained
communities in the project area. In this community man's structures or activities preclude
natural plant succession. Scattered homes are interspersed with large vegetable gardens,
woodlots, small acreages of Christmas tree farms and pasture. Maintained lawns support
turf (Festuca sp.) as the dominant vegetative component, complemented with landscape
ornamentals such as red maple (Acer rubrum), dogwood (Cornus florida), and rose bay
(Rhododendron maximum). Pasture land is comprised of fescue and clovers (Trifolium
spp.).
Disturbed Herbaceous Assembla�e
The vegetation of this community consists primarily of herbs, with less than 50
percent cover of shrubs. This community is comprised of abandoned agricultural fields,
powerline cuts, and pasture lands which have been allowed to revegetate naturally. Typical
of early stages of succession, these areas are characterized by plants that have short life
cycles. This type of community is considered the initial phase of revegetation, or
successional stage that develops in a highly disturbed area.
Common plant species include broom-sedge (Andropo�on virginicus), daisy
(Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), trumpet vine (CamRsis radicans), vetch (Viccia s�.), dog-
fennel, and rabbit tobacco (Gnaphalium obtusifol�um). Grasses make up a large component
of this community. Typical representatives are crab grass (DiQitaria sanc�uinalis), panicum
(Panicum boscii), paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum), Bermuda grass (Cvnodon dactylon) and
bent grass (A�rostis s�.).
' �. �rian<fnn e: or.est.
....� ..�_.�_
Riparian fringe forest is seasonally to intermittently flooded, and is confined to
stream and river embankments. Alluvial soils support a canopy of sycamore (Platanus
occidentalis), red maple (Acer rubrum), and tulip tree (Liriodendron tuli�ifera). Black
walnut (J�lans �ra) is scattered throughout. Black willow (Salix nigra) forms a thick
subcanopy. These moist-to-wet conditions support herbaceous plants such as impatiens
(Impatiens capensis), false nettle (Boehmeria cvlindrica), Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium
maculatum), sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis , and ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis).
Oak-Hickorv Forest
Oak-hickory forests are the principal communities traversed in areas of new location.
The closed-to-somewhat open canopies on ridgetops are dominated by xerophytic species
such as white oak ( uercus alba), associated with species such as scarlet oak (Q, coccinea),
black oak (Q, velutina), and pignut hickory (Carva lg abra). White pine (Pinus strobus) is
scattered throughout, probably indicative of past disturbances. On sheltered slopes, mesic
species occur, such as Canadian hemlock (Tsu�a canadensis) beech (FaQUS grandifolia), and
umbrella tree (Magnolia fraseri). Red maple and sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) are
17

prevalent in the understory. A thick shrub layer is characterized by mountain laurel (Kalmia
latifolia), rosebay (Rhododendron maximum) and blueberry (Vaccinium sp.).
A diverse herb layer is principally comprised of partridge berry (Mitchella repens),
galax (Galax a�hvlla), Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), and heart leaf
(Hexast�lis sp.). The parasitic herb, Indian pipe (Monotrona odorata), is scattered
throughout this community, as is squawroot (Conopholis americana), which is parasitic on
roots of trees, principally oaks.
An interesting variation of the above community occurs on what may be dolomitic
limestone. This white outcropping of rock occurs in the vicinity of US 221 and SR 1556. A
co-dominant canopy is comprised of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and rock chestnut oak
( uercus montana). Red cedar (Juniperus vir ing iana) occurs sporadically. Black walnut
and chinquapin (Chinyuapin pumila) are found in more mesic conditions at the base of the
slope.
b. Wildlife Communities
The semi-rural nature of the project area, combined with a mix of plant community
patterns, provide a variety of opportunities for various forms of mobile wildlife. Forested
tracts have all the necessary components (food, water, protective coverage) to support a
number of small and large mammals, including black bear (Ursus americanus), white-tailed
deer (Odocoileus virginiana), raccoon (Procyon lotor), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis),
gray squinel (Sciurus carolinensis), woodchuck (Marmota monax), and eastern cottontail
(S, l�lagus floridanus).
Black bear need large areas of refuge, generally with thick forest cover which is
inaccessible to humans. Comments from Stephanie Goudreau, Mountain Region
Coordinator in the Habitat Conservation Program (WRC), states that widening the roadway
in this area has the potential to impact the resident black bear population. The existing
roadway bisects the U. S. Forest Service (USFS) Grandfather Ranger District where bear
densities are high. Widening the roadway will impact bear movement to some degree and
will likely increase highway mortality. However, culvert upgrades at Hickory Bottom
Branch, tributary to Conley Branch, Martin Branch, and tributary to North Fork Catawba
River should provide safe passage for bears and other mammals.
White-tailed deer prefers areas of mixed age-stands of forest, interspersed with open
lands. It is primarily a crepuscular herbivore, feeding on herbs, mast, and agricultural crops.
Deer sign and sightings were common in all habitats.
Birds are the most conspicuous fauna encountered in forested tracts. The ruby-
throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) made several close appearances, consuming
nectar from the tubular flowers of bay rose. The rufous sided towhee (Pipilo
ervthrophthalmus) is very common as is the red- eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus). Both are
readily observed in forested habitats.
Birds observed in maintained communities, which are year-round residents, are the
American goldfinch* (Carduelis tristis), song sparrow* (Melospiza melodia), and American
crow* (Corvus brachyrhynchos). A pair of cardinals* (Cardinalis cardinalis) were observed
in area lawns. Birds of prey such as the Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperi), American
kestrel (Falco sparverius), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), and red-tailed hawk
(Buteo jamaicensis) are expected to occur over these open lands, preying on rodents,
snakes, frogs, crayfish, and songbirds. Many eastern cottontails were observed, providing a
readily ava�lable food source for birds of prey.
�:3

� r: ;A ��:• Dy, ;`,�F�{� ia;?i:,
�
" Streams in the area, provide breeding opportunities for many amphibians.
Amphibians, in particular, are highly water-dependent for completion of larval stages in their
life cycle. The two-lined salamander* (Eu •rticea bislineata) may be a common resident, living
in seepages and streams throughout the project area. Slimy salamanders*
(Plethodon glutinosus) were found under logs in areas of moist, steep side slopes.
Numerous Northern duskys* (Desmognathus fuscus) were captured in Pepper Creek. It is a
very abundant salamander in streams and wooded ravines. The red bat (Las�urus borealis),
and evening bat (Nvcticeius humeralis) are likely to occur in the study area, foraging over
mountain streams, consuming moths, flies, beetles, crickets, and other insects.
c. A uatic Life
The North Fork Catawba River and its tributaries support a diverse aquatic
community. Likely fish to be found in these cool waters are the central stoneroller
(Campostoma anomalum), fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare), greenhead shiner (Notropis
chlorocephalus), warpaint shiner (N. cocco�enis), blacknose dace (Rhinichthv satratulus),
rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides), and northern hog sucker (Hypentelium ni�ricans).
Common game fish include the rainbow trout (Oncorh�nchus mvkiss), and brown trout
(Salmo trutta). Large numbers of redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auntus) and other pan fish are
common (pers. comm. Robert Brown, WRC Asst. Fisheries Biologist). Food sources are
generally tenestrial and aquatic invertebrates; principally insects, detritus, and benthic
organisms. Abundant or common benthos in these cool, lotic waters, include caddisflies
(Rhyacophia wphipes), (Micrasema bennetti), and (Brachycercus sp.); mayflies
(Neo�hemera pruQurea), (E�eorus spp), and stoneflies (Peltoperla sp.).
d. Biotic Communitv Impacts
Limited habitat reduction will result from the proposed construction since the project
consists of upgrading the existing roadway. Although some alignment changes are proposed
to straighten curved portions of the roadway, this habitat reduction should not be viewed as
fragmentation which is normally associated with new location projects. The project will
eliminate portions of forested communities and degrade these communities. Loss of habitat
is likely to reduce the number of animals which rely on these communities for shelter and
foraging habitat. Loss of habitat can also cause a disruption of both short-term (diurnal,
nocturnal) migrations, and long term seasonal migrations of animal populations, depending
on individual species requirements for food, water, and cover. Animal migration may also
be interrupted due to vehicular noise, and roadkills will decrease numbers of individuals of
certain species.
Impacts due to the proposed widening will be reflected in the creation of new habitat
and in the alteration and elimination of previously existing habitat. Subterranean, burrowing
and slow moving organisms will be eliminated. Larger, faster animals will be displaced.
The loss and degradation of wildlife habitat, particularly for aquatic species, are serious
impacts that will result from dredging, filling, culvert placement operations, slope
stabilization and land clearing. These construction act�vities result in the direct loss of
benthic organisms and an increase in silt load in wetland/aquatic environments. Mobile
aquatic organisms are better able to avoid impacts, than those species that are filter feeders
and/or relatively immobile. The removal of benthic organisms reduces the potential food
supply for vertebrate and aquatic organisms.
Siltation has many adverse impacts on aquatic organisms: decreases the depth of
light penetration inhibiting plant and algal growth, which is a food source; clogs the filtration
19

apparatus of filter-feeding benthos and the gills of fish; buries benthic organisms in the
disturbed substrate, cutting them ofifrom a food source; adversely modifies preferred
benthic substrate; and spoils downstream spawning beds for fish.
Table 4 summarizes potential losses from proposed project construction.
Calculations are based on right-of-way limits of 140 to 550 feet (42.7 to 167.7 m).
Table 4
ANTICIPATED PLANT COMMUNITY IMPACTS
COMMUNITY
Maintained Community
Disturbed Herbaceous Assemblage
Riparian Fringe
Oak-HickoryForest
Total
e. Federallv Protected S ecies
Hectares (Acres)
IMPACTS
30.1 (75.3)
24.0 (60.0)
6.6 (16.4)
7.2 18.1
67.9 (169.8)
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E), Threatened (T),
Proposed Endangered (PE) and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions
of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of
March 28, 1995, the following species are federally protected in McDowell County.
Table 5
FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES
FOR McDOWELL COUNTY
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME STATUS
Glaucomvs sabrinus
coloratus
Hedo is u urea
var. montana
Hudsonia montana
heather
Carolina northern
flying squirrel
Roan Mountain bluet
Mountain golden
E
E
T
�.
"E" denotes Endangered (a species that is threatened with extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range).
"T" denotes Threatened (a species that is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range).
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus (northern flying syuirrel)
The Carolina northern flying syuirrel has a large, well furred flap of skin along either
side of its body. This furred flap of skin is connected at the wrist in the front and at the
ankle in the rear. The skin flaps and its broad flattened tail allow the northern flying squirrel
to glide from tree to tree. It is solely nocturnal with large dark eyes.
20

There are several isolated populations of the northern flying squirrel in the western
part of North Carolina, along the Tennessee border. This squirrel is found above 1517
meters (5000 feet) in the vegetation transition zone between hardwood and coniferous
forests. Both forest types are used to search for food and the hardwood forest is used for
nesting sites.
Elevations in the project area are approximately 488 meters (1600 feet) and do not
meet the elevation requirements for this species. The project will have no effect on the
northern flying squirrel. ,
Hed,Yotis ur urea var. montana (Mountain purple or Roan Mountain bluet)
Roan Mountain bluet is a perennial species with roots and grows in low tufts. Roan
Mountain bluet has several bright purple flowers arranged in a terrrnnal cyme. This plant can
be found on high elevation clif�'s, outcrops, steep slopes, and in the gravelly talus associated
with cliffs at elevations of 1,400 to 1,900 meters (4,592 to 6,232 feet.) Roan Mountain
bluet grows best in areas where it is exposed to full sunlight and in shallow acidic soils
composed of various igneous, metamorphic, and metasedimentary rocks.
Elevations in the project area are approximately 488 meters (1600 feet) and do not
meet the elevation requirements for this species. The project will have no effect on the
Roan Mountain bluet.
Hudsonia montana (Mountain golden heather)
Mountain golden heather is a low, needle-leaved shrub that is yellow- green in color.
This shrub usually grows in clumps and retains its leaves from the previous year which
appear scale-like on the older branches. Leaves appear awl-shaped and thread-like.
Mountain golden heather forms solitary, terminal, lanceolate flowers. These yellow flowers
have five blunt-tipped petals and 20 to 30 stamens. Fruit capsules have three projecting
points at the tips and are round in shape.
Hudsonia montana occurs in weathered rocky soils on mountain tops. It can be
found on exposed quartzite ledges in an ecotone between bare rock and heath balds
dominated by Leiophyllum which merge into pine forest. Plants do live in partially shaded
areas, but do not appear to be as healthy as those found in open areas. A cntical habitat
area for mountain golden heather exists in Burke County.
No open, exposed ledges are present in the project area. The project will have no
effect on the Mountain golden heather.
Federal Candidate/State Protected Snecies
Candidate 2(C2) species are not legally protected under the Endangered Species
Act and are not subject to any of it's provisions until they are formally proposed or listed as
Threatened or Endangered. Plants or animals with state designations of Endangered (E),
Threatened (T) or Special Concern (SC) are granted protect�on by the State Endangered
Species Act and the NC Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979, administered and
enforced by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and the NC Department of
Agriculture. �
21

The following table includes federal Candidate species listed for McDowell County
and their state status. These species may potentially occur in the project area; however,
organisms and their suitable habitat were not surveyed for. The NHP data base was
reviewed to determine if any protected species have been verified in the project area. None
were recorded.
Table 6
FEDERAL CANDIDATE/ STATE PROTECTED
SPECIES IN McDOWELL COUNTY
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Myotis subulatus
leibii footed bat
Neotoma floridana
magister
Clemmvs muhlenber�ii
Speyeria diana
Ju_ l� cinerea
Lilium �r�
Shortia galacifolia
• Shortia galacifolia
. var. brevistvla
Caecidotea
carolinensis
Dendrocia cerulea
Contopus borealis
Eastern small-
Alleghany woodrat
Bog turtle
Diana fritillary
butterfly
Butternut
Gray's lily
Oconee-bells
SC
SC
T
T-SC
E-SC
NC
Habitat
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
no
Short=Styled _ : - .. . . ,� _� {^. . . E=SC�- - . . . no
oconee=bells �. . _ � G. � . � , ... , . . .
y,. ,. _ . .
Bennett's Mill no
cave water slater
Cerulean Warbler
Olive-sided
flycatcher
yes
SC no
2. Physical Resources � . . _ '� . , .
.. �. <,. .
a. Geologi� Resources
The study area is situated along the border between the Piedmont Plateau and the
Blue Ridge Mountains Physiographic Provinces. The topography is characterized by gently
roliing, well-rounded hills and long rolling ridges to deeply dissected mountainous areas of
steep mountain ridges, intermontane basins, and trench valleys. Surface waters within this
region generally flow into the North Fork Catawba River and eventually discharge into Lake
James.
The geologic map of North Carolina (1985) depicts this portion of the Piedmont
Plateau/ Blue Ridge Mountains Physiographic Provinces as consisting of sandstone,
22

.: S"
dolomite, shale, and siltstone which were metamorphosed into felsic and biotite gneiss of the
Grandfather Mountain Window. These gneisses are locally and variably interlayered with
amphibolite, calc- silicate granofels, and rare marble. Soils within the project corridor
consist mostly of moderately drained soils. These soils are composed mamly of the A-4
AASHTO Soils Classification.
The subject project is located in the Mountain Soil Region and is within the Broad
basins, River Tenaces and Flood Plain Soil System. This intermountain basin is composed
of low mountains, discontinuous river tenaces, and flood plains. Nanow ridges and steep
side slopes occur in some areas at maximum elevations of 488 meters (1600 feet), but the
major portion of subject project lies in the North Fork Catawba River flood plain
characterized by low relief.
Rosman loam and Evard soils are the principal mapping units within the study area.
Rosman loam consists of deep, well drained, nearly level soils on flood plains adjacent to
streams, while Evard soils are typically on smooth, foot slopes. Neither are classified as
hydric soils.
Between NC 226 and SR 1556, some relocation of US 221 is proposed, resulting in
substantial cuts and fills. Detailed subsurface information is needed during the design stage
of the project since the Linville Falls Fault is mapped as passing through this area. Rocks
exposed in the existing road cuts may be on either side of the fault and have been subjected
to great stresses in the past and will have some effect on slope stability. Sink holes have
been reported in rock south of the project limits. The existence of these features in the
project area is not likely but is possible. Between SR 1556 and SR 1573, existing US 221 is
in the narrow floodplain of the Catawba River where dense gravel may be present.
b. Water Resources
and lie within the Catawba River Basin. This river arises from the eastern slopes or the
southern Blue Ridge Mountains with most of the basin occurring in the inner Piedmont.
Perennial streams in the project area are medium to high gradient, streams. Physical
characteristics of major waterbodies include a rock/cobble/sand substrate, approximately 4.6
to 6.1 meters (15 to 20 feet) in width. Most are bordered by hardwood forest. Water depth
averaged about 0.3 to 0.6 meter (1 to 1.5 feet) at time of visit.
uaryi� g"from'0^3.meter (7-foot)_to_1:.5_meter.s�(5=feet)�with�_no_asso_ciated-wetlands�Water
levels were high, due to recent heavy rains and flow-rate was rapid. Stream substrates are
cobble/boulder and sand. Adjacent vegetation was of the mesic mixed hardwood type. The
drainage pattern is dendritic, highly dissecting the landscape.
"Best usage" classifications are assigned to the waters of North Carolina by the
Division of Environmental Management (DEM). A summary of "best usage" water
classifications for water resource components likely to rece�ve impacts are listed in Table 7
below. A summary of the "best usage" for which the waters in each class must be protected,
follows.
23

Table 7
"BEST USAGE" CLASSIFICATIONS OF WATER RESOURCES
Water Resource
Hickory Bottom Branch
Conley Branch
Tributary to Conley Branch
Martin Branch
Pepper Creek
Classification
��S�II�
�-C�'ijr
��-'Tr�
��
� �r'
::• Any stream.which:is�not;named:in;the.schedule of stream classifications carries the
same�classification?as�that�.assigned to the stream segment.to.which;it.is tributary. :.�.: .
.:: Class C�designates waters suitable:for secondary recr.eation;.aquatic life propagation
and survival, fishing, wildlife and agriculture. The supplemental classification of Trout :
Waters (Tr) is intended to protect:freshwaters.for natural;trout�:propagation and the survival
of stocked trout. The NC Division of Land Resources:has a special buffer: zone:requirement
which applies to all DEM Trout Waters. These rules require an undisturbed buffer zone 7.6
meters (25 feet) wide or of sufficient width to confine visible siltation within the twenty-five
percent of the buffer zone nearest the land-disturbing activity, whichever is greatest.
�=Protection measures include special numeric instream water quality standards to protect
trout. .:...... : .::... . .:.. :
... . . -,
A portion of the project area from NC 226 northward approximately 0.3 kilometer
(0.7 mile), falls within the �Armstrong Creek watershed, classified as WS-II. Projects that
are located within 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) upslope from High Quality Waters (HQW) and fall
within a HQW zone are subject to special regulations as defined in "Design Standards in
Sensitive Watersheds" (T15A:04B.0024) of.the Sedimentation Control guidelines.
The Benthic Macroinvertebrate Ambient Network (�MAN) addresses long term
trends in water quality at fixed monitoring sites by the sampling for selected benthic
macroinvertebrates. Benthic macroinvertebrates are sensitive to very subtle changes in
water yuality. Good water quality is associated with both high taxa richness values and the
presence of many intolerant forms. Water quality degradation gradually eliminates the more
sensitive species and leads to a community structure quite different from that in an
unstressed stream. No specific data is available for area streams within the project area. In
general, streams in the Catawba River Basin have good to excellent water quality.
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) lists no dischargers
for the project area. Neither Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), nor waters designated
as WS-I will be impacted by the proposed project, nor are these resources located within 1.6
kilometers (0.1 mile) of the project area -- :;;:,.:-.. , �� �, � r
. -; �. .. .- . � . .
c. Water Resource Impacts
Surface water impacts are anticipated for all stream crossings. Steep slopes in the
project area mandate the need for stringent erosion and sedimentation control measures.
Culverts and/or pipes will be installed, reducing the linear feet of natural stream channel.
Other potential impacts are increased sedimentation from erosion due to bridge replacement;
concentration of toxic compounds from highway runoff and/or toxic spills; scouring of
stream beds due to the channelization of streams; alterations of water levels due to
24

. :., ,.
interruptions or additions to surficial and/or groundwater flow; changes in light incidence
due to the removal of vegetative cover.
The proposed improvements avoid surface waters where possible by widening
US 221 away from streams that are parallel to the existing roadway. Maximum allowable
side slopes (2:1 or steeper) and retaining walls will also be provided to avoid impacts to
parallel streams. Unavoidable water resource impacts occur at perpendicular stream
crossings. The proposed design minimizes impacts at perpendicular crossings by retaining
existing culverts and iricluding maximum allowable side slopes.
Unavoidable stream impacts also occur along Hickory Bottom Branch. The stream
meanders along both sides of the existing roadway a length of approximately 3000 feet
between NC 226 and SR 1562. The�recommend'ed�al_ignment impacts,two�portions�of
(refer to Section III.A.1 for an evaluation of alternatives in the vicinity of this
rech nan elization: The secorid relocation occurs north of NC 226 between the two existing
culverts and req ires a p o'x%, 'mately_-600-feet-of-stream-rechanneiization t_o_relo.cate_the�
channel; e sa of>its_e�ustmg_1 co at. ron-(refer to Figure 6 for proposed stream rechannelization
locations). These shall be treated as a"standard relocation," applicable when greater than
30.5 meters (100 feet) of total relocation is required at a given crossing, or more than 15.2
meters (50 feet) is relocated on any one side (upstream or downstream). The relocated
channel will be designed_according to the NC Wildlife Resources Commission `� �:u�delines
�for:1VI� o t`'n�StTeam�-Relocation-ln_N`or:th_Carolina "—�he channel design will be similar to
original channel in width, depth, gradient, and sub ate. The establishment of bank
vegetation via a planting regime is required. Meanders and habitat structures (root wads,
wing deflectors, etc.) will approximate the original stream. In accordance with the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 USC 661 et seq.), the NCDOT has coordinated
these activities with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and US Fish and
Wildlife Service (refer to Appendix B for correspondence).
All waters within McDowell County are Mountain Trout Waters as designated by
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC). This designation requires
that applicants obtain a letter of comment and recommendation from the NCWRC and a
letter of concurrence from the Wilmington District Corps of Engineers before discharging
any dredged or fill material into waters of the United States that occur within any of the 25
designated counties. The proposed culverts will be designed in coordination with the
NCWRC and US Fish and Wildlife Service. This letter of comment will be obtained prior to
completing the final environmental document.
� Because of the environmental sensitivity of the trout streams along the project,
special attention will be given to installing and maintaining the appropriate erosion control
and sedimentation control devices. Strict adherence to Best Management-P_r.actices_and
�edimentati�onaControl-gu�delines-foriI�igh'�Qu'ality:�WfateTS will=be-implemented-along�
Hic_�ory Boftom'B�r_anch�_n"�"""_e.a'r�•ttie�souttiem-pro�e�ct'��limi No instream construction activities
will be performed during the trout spawning period of November 1 to April 15 to protect
the egg and fry stages from sedimentation. During construction, the following measures will
be implemented to minimize disturbance to existing trout streams:
1) Any material excavated for footings in or near water will be removed from
the �mmediate vicinity to prevent rt from eroding back into the water.
25

2) All runoff crossing the construction area will be directed to temporary silt
basins via lateral ditches with rock check dams to slow and filter the runoff
prior to discharging into the river.
3) Approach roadway fill slopes shall be provided at the toe of the fill. Berms
along the top of the fill slope will be used to convey runoff laterally to
temporary slope drains, which empty into temporary sediment basins.
3. Wetlands
Surface waters and associated wetlands fall under the broad category of "Waters of
the United States" as defined in 33 CFR 328.3. The US Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
takes jurisdiction over the discharge of dredged or fill material into these waters of the U.S.
as authorized by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
Four jurisdictional wetland sites were identified in the project area using methods in
the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (1987) (refer to Figure 7 for general
location of wetlands). Jurisdictional wetlands are associated with Hickory Bottom Branch
(site 1), unnamed tributary to the North Fork Catawba River (site 2), Martin Branch (site 3),
and Pepper Creek (site 4). Site 1 may be categorized as palustrine, emergent, persistent
(PEM2), while sites 2, 3, and 4 may be categorized as palustrine, forested, broad-leaved
deciduous communities (PFOIA) as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979). Wetland
communities were identified in the project corridor on the basis of low soil chroma values,
hydrophytic vegetation and the presence of hydrology or hydrological indicators. A
summary of wetland impacts associated with each site is provided in Table 8 below.
Table 8
SUMMARY OF WETLAND IMPACTS
hectares (acres)
Wetland Stream Anticipated
Site , Ciassification Crossing Impacts
1 *PEM2 Hickory Bottom
2 **PF06 North Fork Catawba
3 PF06 Martin Branch
4 PF06 Pepper Creek
Total Impacts
<0.1 (0.1)
<0.1 (0.1)
<0.1 (0.2)
<0.1 0.2
<0.4 �(�6)7
*Palustrine, Emergent, Non-persistent
* *Palustrine, Forested, Broad-leaved Deciduous
These sites, located adjacent to the existing roadway, are unavoidable. These
wetland impacts result from straightening sharp curves, shifting away from steep
mountainous terrain, avoiding parallel streams, and retaining existing culverts. These
impacts have been minimized by retaining existing portions of the roadway and including
maximum allowabie side slopes to reduce the cross section width.
4. Permits
In accordance with provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.0
1344), a permit will be required from the COE for the discharge of dredged or fill material
into "Waters of the United States". Based upon site location and estimated acreage
involved, it is anticipated that impacts will be authorized by Nationwide Permit [33 CFR
26

_ ; a � �,. y.;�y �
330.5 (a) (26)]. This permit generally authorizes discharges of dredge or fill material in
wetlands located above the headwaters (flow less than 1.5 cubic meters (5 cubic feet) per
second) of non-tidal rivers, streams and their lakes and impoundments including adjacent
wetlands.
All waters within McDowell County are Mountain Trout Waters as designated by
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. This designation requires that
applicants obtain a letter of comment and recommendation from the NCWRC and a letter of
concurrence from the Wilmington District Corps of Engineers before discharging any
dredged or fill material into waters of the United States that occur within any of the 25
designated counties. This letter of comment will be obtained prior to completing the final
environmental document.
A 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC) administered through the N.C.
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources will be required. This certificate
is issued for any activity which may result in a discharge into waters for which a federal
permit is required. WQC number 2671 is anticipated for discharge into headwaters and
isolated waters.
Miti ag tion
Compensatory mitigation is generally not required where Nationwide permits or
General permits are authorized, according to the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the COE. Final discretionary
authority in these matters rests with the COE.
6. Flood Hazard Evaluation
McDowell County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Regular Program.
North Fork Catawba River is included in the detailed Flood Insurance Study for McDowell
County; however, according to the study, no floodway has ever been computed or
established on this or any other streams in the study. Therefore, there will be no regulatory
floodway involvement associated with this project. Figure 8 delineates the established limits
of the 100-year floodplain (with no floodway). The floodplain areas affected by the
proposed improvements are mostly rural, wooded, and undeveloped. In the North Cove
area, adjacent to Pepper Creek, there are some buildings which appear to have floor
elevations below the 100-year flood level. In final hydraulic design, consideration will be
given to increasing the hydraulic capacity of the drainage structures in this area to reduce
existing flood levels. The proposed improvements will provide equivalent or improved
conveyance relative to that provided by the.existing drainage facilities. The proposed
improvements will not raise the 100-year floodway elevations more than 1 foot (0.3 meter).
7. Air ualit
Air pollution originates from various sources. Emissions from industrial and internal
combustion engines are the most prevalent sources: Other origins of common outdoor air
pollution are solid waste disposal and any form of fire. The impact resulting from highway
construction ranges from intensifying existing air pollution problems to improving the
ambient air conditions. The traffic is the center of concern when determining the impact of a
new highway facility or the improvement of an old highway facility. Motor vehicles emit
carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO), hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter, sulfur
dioxide ($02), and lead (Pb) (listed in order of decreasing emission rate). Automobiles are
considered to be the major source of CO in the project area. For this reason, most of the
27

analysis presented is concerned with determining expected carbon monoxide levels in the
viciruty of the project due to traffic flow.
In order to determine the ambient CO concentration for the receptor closest to the
highway project, two concentration components must be used: local and background. The
local concentration is defined as the CO emissions from cars operating on highways in the
near vicinity (i.e., distances within 100 meters) of the receptor location. The background
concentration is defined by the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources as "the concentration of a pollutant at a point that is the result of
emissions outside the local vicinity; that is, the concentration at the upwind edge of the local
sources."
In this study, the local concentration was determined by the NCDOT Traffic
Noise/Air Quality Staffusing line source computer modeling and the background
concentration was obtained from the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR): Once the two concentration components were
resolved, they were added together to determine the ambient CO concentration for the
receptor in question and to compare to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS).
Automobiles are regarded as sources of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
Hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted from cars are carried into the atmosphere where
they react with sunlight to form ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Area-wide automotive
emissions of HC and NO are expected to decrease in the future due to the continued
installation and maintenance of poliution control devices on new cars. Hence, the ambient
ozone and nitrogen dioxide levels in the atmosphere should continue to decrease as a result
of the improvements on automobile emissions.
The photochemical reactions that form ozone and nitrogen dioxide require several
hours to occur. For this reason, the peak levels of ozone generally occur 10 to 20
kilometers downwind of the source of hydrocarbon emissions. Urban areas as a whole are
regarded as sources of hydrocarbons, not individual streets and highways. The emissions of
all sources in an urban area mix together in the atmosphere, and in the presence of sunlight,
the mixture reacts to form ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and other photochemical oxidants. The
best example of this type of air pollution is the smog which forms in Los Angeles,
California.
Automobiles are not regarded as significant sources of particulate matter and sulfur
dioxide. Nationwide, highway sources account for less than 7 percent of particulate matter
emissions and less than 2 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions. Particulate matter and sulfur
dioxide emissions are predominantly the result of non-highway sources (e.g., industrial,
commercial, and agricultural). Because emissions of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide
from automobiles are very low, there is no reason to suspect that traffic on the project will
cause air quality standards for particulate matter and sulfur dioxide to be exceeded.
Automobiles without catalytic converters can burn regular gasoline. The burning of
regular gasoline emits lead as a result of regular gasoline containing tetraethyl lead which is
added by refineries to increase the octane ratmg of the fuel. Newer cars with catalytic
converters burn unleaded gasoline eliminating lead emissions. Also, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has required the reduction in the lead content of
leaded gasolines. The overall average lead content of gasoline in 1974 was 2 grams per
gallon. By 1989, this composite average had dropped to 0.01 grams per gallon. In the
future, lead emissions are expected to decrease as more cars use unleaded fuels and as the
28

a ., .,�,�s. :.�s;, t,t:.a��?4:(t'^"ii
lead content of leaded gasoline is reduced. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 make
the sale, supply, or transport of leaded gasoline or lead additives unlawful after
December 31, 1995. Because of these reasons, it is not expected that traffic on the
proposed project will cause the NAAQS for lead to be exceeded.
A microscale air quality analysis was performed to determine future CO
concentrations resulting from the proposed highway improvements. CAL3QHC - A
Modeling Methodology For Predicting Pollutant Concentrations Near Roadway
Intersections" was used to predict the CO concentration at the nearest sensitive receptor to
the project.
Inputs into the mathematical model to estimate hourly CO concentrations consisted
of a level roadway under normal conditions with predicted traffic volumes, vehicle emission
factors, and worst-case meteorological parameters. The traffic volumes are based on the
annual average daily traffic project�ons. .The traffic volume used for the CAL3QHC model
was the highest volume within any alternative. Carbon monoacide vehicle emission factors
were calculated for the completion year of 1997 and the design year of 2017 using the EPA
publication "Mobile Source Emission Factors" and the MOBILESA mobile source emissions
computer model.
The background CO concentration for the project area was estimated to be 1.9 parts
per million (ppm). Consultation with the Air Quality Section, Division of Environmental
Management, N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources indicated
that an ambient CO concentration of 1.9 ppm is suitable for most suburban/rural areas.
The worst-case air quality receptor for the build & no-build scenario was determined
to be receptor #2 at a distance of 80' from the centerline of the roadway. The "build" and
"no-build" one-hour CO concentrations for the nearest sensitive receptor for the years of
1997 and 2017 are shown as follows:
One Hour CO Concentrations (PPM)
Nearest Build No-build
Sensitive
Receptor 1997 2017 1997 2017
R-2 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.7
Comparison of the predicted CO concentrations with the NAAQS (maximum
permitted for 1-hour averaging period = 35 ppm; 8-hour averaging period = 9 ppm)
mdicates no violation of these standards. Since the results of the worst-case 1-hour CO
analysis is less than 9 ppm, it can be concluded that the 8-hour CO level does not exceed the
standard. See Tables Al, A2, A3 and A4 for input data and output.
The project is located within the jurisdiction for air quality of the Asheville Regional
Office of the N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. The
ambient air quality for McDowell County has been determined to be in compliance with the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This project is not anticipated to create any
adverse effect on the air quality of this attainment area.
During construction of the proposed project, all materials resulting from clearing and
grubbing, demolition or other operat�ons will be removed from the project, burned or
otherwise disposed of by the contractor. Any burning will be done m accordance with
29

applicable local laws and ordinances and regulations of the North Carolina SIP for air
quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520. Care will be taken to insure that burning
will be done at the greatest practical distance from dwellings and not when atmospheric
conditions are such as to create a hazard to the public. Burning will only be utilized under
constant surveillance. Also during construction, measures will be taken to reduce the dust
generated by construction when the control of dust is necessary for the protection and
comfort of motorists or area residents. This evaluation completes the assessment
requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and the NEPA process, and no
additional reports are required.
8. Traffic Noise
This analysis was performed to determine the effect of the proposed project
alternatives (Figure N 1) on noise levels in the immediate project area. This investigation
includes an inventory of existing noise sensitive land uses and a field survey of ambient
(existing) noise levels in the study area. It also includes a comparison of the predicted noise
levels and the ambient noise levels to determine if traffic noise impacts can be expected
resulting from the proposed project. Traffic noise impacts are determined from the cunent
procedures for the abatement of highway traffic noise and construction noise, appearing as
Part 772 of Title 23 of the Code of Federal Regulations (23 CFR). If traffic noise impacts
are predicted, examination and evaluation of alternative noise abatement measures for
reducing or eliminating the noise impacts must be considered.
Characteristics of Noise
Noise is basically defined as unwanted sound. It is emitted from many sources
including airplanes, factories, railroads; .power generation plants, and highway vehicles.
Highway noise, or traffic noise, is usually a composite of noises from engine exhaust, drive
tram, and tire-roadway interaction.
The magnitude of noise is usually described by its sound pressure. Since the range of
sound pressure varies greatly, a logarithmic scale is used to relate sound pressures to some
common reference level, usually the decibel (dB). Sound pressures described in decibels are
called sound pressure levels and are often defined in terms of frequency weighted scales (A,
B, C, or D).
The weighted-A scale is used almost exclusively in vehicle noise measurements
because it places most emphasis on the frequency range to which the human ear is most
sensitive (1,000-6,000 Hertz). Sound levels measured using A-weighting are often
expressed as dBA. Throughout this report, references will be made to dBA, which means
an A-weighted decibel level. Several examples of noise pressure levels in dBA are listed in
Table N 1.
Review of Table N 1 indicates that most individuals in urbanized areas are exposed to
fairly high noise levels from many sources as they go about their daily activities. The degree
of disturbance or annoyance of unwanted sound depends essentially on three things: 1) the
amount and nature of the intruding noise, 2) the relationship between the background noise
and the intruding noise, and 3) the type of activity occurring where the noise is heard.
In considering the first of these three factors, it is important to note that individuals
have different hearing sensitivity to noise. Loud noises bother some more than others and
some individuals become aroused to anger if an unwanted noise persists. The time patterns
of noise also enter into an individual's judgement of whether or not a noise is objectionable.
30

For example, noises occurring during sleeping hours are usually considered to be much more "
objectionable than the same noises in the daytime.
With regard to the second factor, individuals tend to judge the annoyance of an
unwanted noise in terms of its relationship to noise from other sources (background noise).
The blowing of a car horn at night when background noise levels are approximately 45 dBA
would generally be much more objectionable than the blowing of a car horn in the afternoon
when background noises might be 55 dBA.
The third factor is related to the interference of noise with activities of individuals.
In a 60 dBA environment, normal conversation would be possible while sleep might be
difficult. Work activities requiring high levels of concentration may be interrupted by loud
noises while activities requiring manual effort may not be interrupted to the same degree.
Over a period of time, individuals tend to accept the noises which intrude into their
lives, particularly if the noises occur at predicted intervals and are expected. Attempts have
been made to regulate many of these types of noises including airplane noises, factory noise,
railroad noise, and highway traffic noise. In relation to highway traffic noise, methods of
analysis and control have developed rapidly over the past few years.
Noise Abatement Criteria
In order to determine that highway noise levels are or are not compatible with
various land uses, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed noise
abatement criteria and procedures to be used in the planning and design of highways. These
abatement criteria and procedures are set forth in the aforementioned Federal reference
(Title 23 CFR Part 772). A summary of the noise abatement criteria for various land uses is
presented in Table N2. The Leq, or equivalent sound level, is the level of constant sound
which in a given situation and time period has the same energy as does time varying sound.
In other words, the fluctuating sound levels of traffic noise are represented in terms of a
steady noise level with the same energy content.
Ambient Noise Levels
Ambient noise measurements were taken along the project at representative
locations using a GenRad 1988 Precision Integrating Sound- Level Meter and Analyzer.
The noise levels were recorded for a 20-minute period during anticipated peak traffic noise
periods. Traffic counts were taken at each measurement site during the sampling periods
and differences in the measured noise levels are attributed to variations in site conditions and
traffic volumes. The ambient measurement sites and measured exterior Leq noise levels are
shown in Figure N2 and listed in Table N3. The purpose of this noise level information was
to quantify the existing acoustic environment and to provide a base for assessing the impact
of noise level increases.
The existing roadway and traffic conditions were used with the most current traffic
noise prediction model in order to calculate existing noise levels for comparison with noise
levels actuaily measured. The calculated existing noise levels were within 0. l to 4.9 dBA of
the measured noise levels for all of the locations for which noise measurements were
obtained. Differences in dBA levels can be attributed to "bunching" of vehicles, low traffic
volumes, and actual vehicle speeds versus the computer's "evenly- spaced" vehicles and
single vehicle speed.
31

Procedure for•Predicting Future Noise Levels
The prediction of highway traffic noise is a complicated procedure. In general, the
traffic situation is composed of a large number of variables which describe different cars
driving at different speeds through a continual changing highway configuration and
surrounding terrain. Obviously, to assess the problem certain assumptions and
simplifications must be made.
The procedure used to predict future noise levels in this study was the Noise Barrier
Cost Reduction Procedure, STAMINA 2.0 and OPTIMA (revised March, 1983). The BCR
(Barrier Cost Reduction) procedure is based upon the FHWA Highway Traffic Noise
Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108). The BCR traffic noise prediction model uses the
number and type of vehicles on the planned roadway, their speeds, the physical
characteristics of the road (curves, hills, depressed, elevated, etc. ), receptor location and
height, and, if applicable, barrier type, barrier ground elevation, and barrier top elevation.
In this regard, it is to be noted that only preliminary alignment was available for use
in this noise analysis. The proposed typical roadway section will include a five-lane shoulder
section and various median width four-lane sections along the proposed alignment. Only
those existing natural or man-made barriers were included. The roadway sections and
proposed intersections were assumed to be flat and at-grade. Thus, this analysis represents
"worst-case" topographic conditions. The noise predictions made in this report are
highway-related noise predictions for the traf�ic conditions during the year being analyzed.
Peak hour design and Level-of-Service (LOS) C volumes were compared, and the
volumes resulting in the noisiest conditions were used with proposed speed limits. Thus,
during all other time periods, the noise levels will be no greater than those indicated in this
report.
The STAMINA 2.0 computer model was utilized to enable the determination of the
number of land uses (by type) which, during the peak hour in the design year 2017 would be
exposed to noise levels approaching or exceeding the FHWA noise abatement criteria and
those land uses predicted to expect a substantial noise increase. The basic approach was to
select receptor locations such as 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 feet from the center
of the near traffic lane (adaptable to both sides of the roadway). The location of these
receptors were determined by the change in projected traffic volumes and/or the posted
speed limits along the proposed project. The result of this procedure was a grid of receptor
pomts along the project. Using this grid, noise levels were calculated for each identified
receptor.
The Leq traffic noise exposures associated with this project are listed in Table N4.
Information included in these tables consist of listings of all receptors in close proximity to
the project, their ambient and predicted noise levels, and the estimated noise level increase
for each.
The maximum number of receptors in each activity category that are predicted to
become impacted by future traffic noise is shown in Table N5. These are noted in terms of
those receptors expected to experience traffic noise impacts by approaching or exceeding
the FHWA NAC or by a substantial increase in exterior levels. Under Title 23 CFR Part
772, there are 6 residences and one business that are impacted within the project limits.
Other information included in Table NS is the maximum extent of the 72 and 67 dBA noise
level contours. This information should assist local authorities in exercising land use control
over the remaining undeveloped lands adjacent to the roadway within local jurisdiction. For
example; with the proper information on noise, the local authorities can prevent further
32

. : , .. . a . = 1 • "_�. . . .
development of incompatible activities and land uses with the predicted noise levels of an
adjacent highway.
Table N6 indicates the exterior traffic noise level increases for the identified
receptors in each roadway section. Predicted noise level increases for this project range
from +2 to +8 dBA. When real-life noises are heard, it is possibie to barely detect noise
level changes of 2-3 dBA. A 5 dBA change is readily noticeable. A 10 dBA change is
judged by most people as a doubling or a halving of the loudness of the sound.
Traffic Noise Impact Ana�sis/ Abatement Measures .
Tr�c noise impacts occur when the predicted tr�c noise levels either: [a]
approach or exceed the FHWA noise abatement criteria, (with "approach" meaning within
dBA of the Table N2 value), or [b] substantially exceed the existing noise levels. The
NCDOT definition of substantial increase is shown in the lower portion of Table N2.
Consideration for noise abatement measures must be given to receptors which fall in either
category. -
Highway Alignment
An abatement measure such as alteration of the proposed alignment is normally a
reasonable abatement measure along areas of relocation. Alignment selection involves the
horizontal or vertical orientation of the proposed improvements in such a way as to
minimize impacts and costs. The selection of alternative alignments for noise abatement
purposes must consider the balance between noise impacts and other engineering and
environmental parameters. For noise abatement, horizontal alignment selection is primarily
a matter of sitting the roadway at a sufficient distance from noise sensitive areas. The
proposed alternatives were developed to minimize costs and environmental impacts. Hence,
further alteration of the proposed horizontal alignments is not reasonable or feasible from a
planning and design standpoint.
Changes in the vertical alignment can be effective in limiting noise impacts of certain
highway facilities. This mitigation measure is not feasible or reasonable due to design
constraints associated with the planned intersecting network of roadways.
Traffic S�stem Mana eg ment Measures
Traffic system management measures which limit vehicle type, speed, volume and
time of operations are often effective noise abatement measures. For this project, trai�ic
management measures are not considered appropriate for noise abatement due to their effect
on the capacity and level-of-service on the proposed roadway.
Noise Barriers
Physical measures to abate anticipated traffic noise levels can often be applied with a
measurable degree of success by the application of solid mass, attenuable measures to
effectively defract, absorb, and reflect highway traffic noise emissions. Solid mass,
attenuable measures may include earth berms or artificial abatement walls. However, these
mitigating measures may not be feasible or reasonable in all cases, particularly for receptors
with frontage along primary or secondary roads in the study area which the proposed
project crosses. Reduction of traffic noise from the proposed roadway may not necessarily
lower the noise levels at these receptors to within the recommended noise abatement criteria
and/or below a substantial noise level increase.
33

The project will maintain no control of access with access allowed for each abutting
property and all intersections. For a noise barrier to provide sufficient noise reduction it
must be high enough and long enough to shield the receptor from significant sections of the
highway. Access openings in the barrier severely reduce the noise reduction provided by the
barrier. It then becomes economically unreasonable to construct a barrier for a small noise
reduction. Safety at access openings (driveways, crossing streets, etc.) due to restricted
sight distance is also a concern. Furthermore, to provide a sufficient reduction, a barrier's
length would normally be eight (8) times the distance from the bamer to the receptor. For
example, a receptor located 50 feet from the barrier would normaliy require a barrier 400
feet long. An access opening of 40 feet (10 percent of the area) would limit its noise
reduction to approximately 4 dBA (FiJNDAMENTAL AND ABATEMENT OF
HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE, Report No. FHWA-HHI- HEV-73-7976-1, USDOT,
chapter 5, section 3.2, page 5-27). �
In addition, businesses, churches, and other related establishments located along a
particular highway normally require accessibility and high visibility. Solid mass, attenuable
measures for traffic noise abatement would tend to disallow these two qualities and thus,
would not be acceptable abatement measures in their case.
Based on the above factors, physical abatement measures are not recommended for
this project..
"Do Nothine" Alternative
The traffic noise impacts for the "do-nothing" or "no-build" alternative were also
considered. If the proposed widening did not occur, 64 residences and 7 business would
experience traffic noise impacts by approaching or exceeding the FHWA's NAC. Also, the
receptors will experience an increase in exterior noise levels in the range of +2 to ±7 dBA.
As previously noted, it is barely possible to detect noise level changes of 2-3 dBA. A 5 dBA
change in noise levels is more readily noticed. A 10 dBA change is judged by most people as
a doubling or a halving of the loudness of the sound.
Summarv
Based on these preliminary studies, traffic noise abatement is not feasible or
reasonable and no noise abatement measures are proposed. This evaluation completes the
highway traffic noise requirements of Title 23 CFR, Part 772, and unless a major project
change develops, no additional reports are required for this project.
9. Hazardous Materials
A reconnaissance survey of the project corridor identified two sites which contain or
have the potential for underground storage tanks (UST's). In a subsequent records searc}i of
the DEM/Groundwater Sect�on, the following information was obtained:
The Cove Antiques, on the west side of US 221, is located approximately 1650 feet
south of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road). This business will be relocated by the proposed
project. One vent pipe, 66 feet from the centerline of existing US 221, exists on the
property; however, it is uncertain that UST's exist at the site. Additional testing is required
to determine if UST's and potential soil contamination exist on the property. This testing will
be conducted prior to completing the final environmental document. If the property is
contaminated, NCDOT will request that the property owner clean up the site in accordance
with the federal regulations contained in 40 CFR 280 entitled "Technical Standards and
Corrective Action Requirements for Owners and Operators of Underground Storage Tanks
34

rtt= ���`:�^:« ;�`.a;�.,4`J ;
(UST's)". If the property owner does not clean the site, a settlement will be reached between
the owner, NCDOT, and the Division of Environmental Management to remediate the
contamination. �
Baxter Healthcare Corporation, which is on the east side US 221, is located in the
northeast quadrant of US 221 and SR 1573. According to the records of the
DEM/Groundwater Section, this facility (ID# 0-017230) had six UST's on the premises,
, which were all removed on 4/29/89. This site is located approximately 700 feet from the
existing US 221 centerline and will not be affected the project.
A files search of the Division of Solid Waste Management was also conducted to
determine whether any unknown unregulated dumps or other potentially contaminated sites
were within the corridor. After reviewing these files and the DEM/Groundwater incident
list, one, site was identified as follows:
Baxter Healthcare Corporation is listed as an inactive hazardous site on the Division
of Solid Waste Management Superfund List. From 1974 to 1977, laboratory and paint
solvents were disposed of along a gravel road behind the facility. Based on soil and
groundwater sample analysis results of the abandoned solvent disposal site, this facility has
been recommended for deletion from the North Carolina State Superfund List. The pro�ect
will not affect the superfund site. "
In addition, this facility operates an on-site waste water treatment plant near existing
US 221 to treat only sewage waste. A settling pond for this treatment plant is located
approximately 175 feet from the roadway. The project will not affect the waste water
treatment plant facilities. �
� 10. Construction Im�acts
There are some environmental impacts normally associated with the construction of
highways. These are generally of short term duration, and measures will be taken to
minimize these impacts.
During construction of the proposed project, all materials resulting from clearing and
grubbing, demolition, and other operations will be removed from the project, burned, or
otherwise disposed of by the contractor. Any burning done will be in accordance with
applicable local laws, ordinances, and regulations of the North Carolina State
Implementation Plan (SIP) for Air Quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520. Care
will be taken to insure burning will be done at the greatest distance practicable from
dwellings and not when atmospheric conditions are such as to create a hazard to the public.
Burning will be performed under constant surveillance.
Measures will be taken to allay the dust generated by construction when the control
of dust is necessary for protection and comfort of motorists or area residents.
The major construction elements of this project are expected to be earth removal,
hauling, grading, and paving. General construction noise impacts, such as temporary speech
interference for passers-by and those individuals living or working near the pro�ect, can be
expected particularly from paving operations and from the earth moving eyu�pment during
grading operations. Overall, construction noise impacts are expected to be rrunimal, since
all alternative alignments generally traverse through low density areas. However,
considering the relatively short term nature of construction noise, these impacts are not
expected to be substantial. Furthermore, the transmission loss characteristics of nearby
35

structures and wooded areas are believed to be sufficient to moderate the effects of intrusive
construction noise.
The general requirements concerning erosion and siltation are covered in Article
107-13 of the Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures , which is entitled "Control
of Erosion, Siltation, and Pollution". The N.C. Division of Highways has also developed an
Erosion and Sedimentation Control Program which has been approved by the N. C.
Sedimentation Control Commission. This program consists of the rigorous requirements to
minimize erosion and sedimentation contained in the Standard Specifications together with
the policies of the Division of Highways regarding the control of accelerated erosion and
sedimentation on work performed by State Forces.
Waste and debris will be disposed of in areas outside of the right of way and
provided by the contractor, unless otherwise required by the plans or special provisions or
unless disposal within the right of way is pernvtted by the Engineer. Disposal of waste and
debris in active public waste or disposal areas will not be permitted without prior approval
by the Engineer. Such approval will not be permitted when, in the opinion of the Engineer,
it wili result in excessive siltation or pollution.
NCDOT's general contract for right of way clearing provides timber to minimize
the need for piling and burning the opportunity for the contractor to market merchantable
during construction. This contract also includes specifications to protect trees outside the
construction limits
Borrow pits and all ditches will be drained to alleviate breeding areas for
mosquitoes. In addition, care will be taken not to block existing drainage ditches.
The construction of the project is not expected to cause any serious disruptions in
service to any of the utilities serving the area. Prior to construction, a determination will be
made regarding the need to relocate or adjust any existing utilities in the project area. A
determination of whether the NCDOT or the utility owner will be responsible for this will be
made at that time. In all cases, the contractor is required to notify the owner of the utility in
advance as to when this work will occur. In addition, the contractor is responsible for any
damages to water lines incurred during the construction processes. This procedure will
insure that water lines, as well as other utilities, are relocated with minimal disruption in
service to the community.
Traffic service in the immediate area may be subjected to brief disruption during
construction of the project. Every effort will be made to insure the transportation needs of
the public are met both during and after construction.
V. COMI��NTS AND COORDiNATION
A. Comments Received
The following federal, state, and local agencies were consulted during the
preparation of this environmental assessment. Written comments were received from
agencies noted with an asterisk (*).
Army Corps of Engineers
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Forestry Service
Environmental Protection Agency
�:

r ^.fe ♦ . . . . , , ..
Region C& D Planning Agencies
* State Clearinghouse
* Department of Cultural Resources
* Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
�' Department of Human Resources
* Department of Public Instruction
McDowell County Commissioners
These comments and issues, included in Appendix B, have been addressed in this
document.
B. Citizens Informational Workshon
On October 5, 1993, a Citizens Informational Workshop was held at North Cove
Elementary School to discuss the proposed improvements to US 221. The scope of the
project at the time of this meeting included Parts B and C of R-2596 through Ashford and
Linville Falls to the Blue Ridge Parkway in addition to Part A. The NCDOT Office of
Public Affairs advertised the workshop through the major local media. Approximately 60
people attended the workshop, including representatives from NCDOT and Avery County.
Twenty-one written comments were received in response to the workshop. Much of
the public concern focused on: (1) the need for the project, (2) the importance of the area's
environmental resources, and (3) potential property impacts.
Some citizens from Linville Falls and neighboring communities expressed opposition
to the proposed widening. They commented that traffic volumes do not warrant the
multilane improvements. In a petition presented during the workshop, area business owners
and residents commented that lower-cost design alternatives should be implemented. They
indicated that the multilane improvements are needed between NC 226 and the Baxter Plant
access Road (SR 1573). However, north of SR 1573, it was suggested that the design
include passing and turn lanes with sufficient shoulder clearance (not exceeding three lanes).
Other citizens, who expressed support for the project, commented that US 221
needs to be widened and straightened to improve traffic safety and to attract new industry.
Citizens expressed concern for preserving important environmental resources in the
vicinity of the project. They felt that the proposed widening will be harmful to wildlife
habitat, streams, and other natural resources. They were also concerned that caverns,
historic sites, and other scenic features along the roadway will be disturbed by the project.
Citizens commented that many of these natural resources and scenic features will be
preserved if lower-cost design options (passing lanes and shoulder improvements) are
recommended.
Area residents and business owners were interested in how the project will affect
their properties. Discussions with these citizens focused on possible right of way takings,
relocations, and access changes. One resident suggested that a five-lane section (instead of
a four-lane divided section) between NC 226 and Ashford would reduce the width of the
road and make the road better serve area development. Other residents commented that the
proposed median barrier between Ashford and Linville Falls would restrict access for
property owners owning land on both sides of the road. They suggested that another type of
median be considered in this area.
37

Other items of discussion are summarized as follows:
1) Flooding and hydraulic problems at the SR 1556 intersection and north of the
SR 1578 (Pittman Road) intersection.
2) The need for additional truck escape ramps along the project
3) Poor condition of the existing corrugated metal storm drain pipes
4) Possible impacts to septic tanks and drain fields for the Linville Falls Lodge
and Cottages on the east side of the roadway.
The cunent Transportation Improvement Program does not provide a schedule for
right of way acquisition or construction for Parts B and C of R-2596.
C. Public Hearin�
A public hearing will be held concerning this project following the circulation of this
document. This public hearing will provide more detailed information to the public about
the proposed improvements. The public will be invited to make additional comments or
voice concerns regarding the proposed project. ,
MLR/plr
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NORTH CAROLINA llEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
BRANCH
US 221
FROM NC 226 TO SR 1573
McDOWELL COUNTY
R-2596 A
PROJECT AREA
FIGURE 1B

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5 � ��s ���� ' '"°' TRANSPORTATION ''
;�22.� �Z.� , .� l ,"°B , �' �/ � � , � <
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t75 iz�o i�as � Providence o �� io .
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF �
TRANSPORTATION "
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS �
PLANNING A,ND LiWIRONMENTAL ''�
BRANCH ;�
U$ 22� ��'�
FROM NC 226 TO SR 1573 �'
McDOWELL COUNTY � �
R-2596 A �
��
PROPOSED STREAM CROSSING LOCATIONS � i,
���iy;
SCALE: FIGURE 4 � � �
1 ineh = 2000 teet
_ l ,�
j, ' ,` ''�I ) /� '1 ��
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, , ��i.-,. : il�� � .i.�-� r

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US 221 FROM NC -226 TO S R 1573
ESTIMATED 1993/2017 ADT TRAFFIC VOLUMES
IN HUNDREDS �
R - 2596A
SR 1566 (PEPPERS CREEK RD.)
TTST - I% 6
DUAL - . 2% io
SR 1554 (MARTIN BRANCH RD.)
TTST - I% 4
D UA L - 2%
SR 1562 (JOHNSON HOL
TTST — I% ?
DUAL — 2°/a 4
NC 226
ss
138
TTST - 3%
DUAL - 4%
�
82
2 10
2 22
2 42
4 88
68
� 150
2
I
2
68
150
4
8
2
4
66
TTST - 5%
DI�AL - 4 %
54
�14
SR 1573 ( PITTS STATION RD.)
TTST - I%
DUAL - 2%
6 �
12 �
SR 1556 (AMERICAN THREAD RD.)
' TTST •- I %
D UAL - 3 6/0
� 146
RD.)
2
2 �
2 68
�46
4
16 0 12
32 2
� 48 2 S R 1558 (OLD US 221)
100 4
TTST - I%
�02 DUAL - 2%
2�6 TTST - 5%
DUAL - 4%
9
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Appendix A
Relocation Assistance Report and Relocation Programs
�

�
�
R E L.O C A T I O N R E P O R T Nortti Carolina Department of Trenspbrtation
� E.I.S. _ CORRIDOR _ OESIC-!J RELOCATION ASSISTANCE
PROJECT� 8.TB71101 COIMY+ McDowell. Alternate 1 of � Alternate
I.O. NO.� R-2596A F.A. PROJECT� N-F-221(3)
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT� U5 Z21 FROM NC 226 PEAR W00[X.AWN TO SR 1569
ESTIMATED DISPLACEES
D�sPiacee Owners Tenants Total Mties
Individuals 0 0 0 0
Families 3 2 5 0
Businesses 3 0 3 0
Farms 0 0 0 0
Non-Profit 0 0 0 0
ANSG�R ALL t�ST IONS
YESTNOI E�LAIN ALL "YES" ANS��RS
OX
X
X
X
X
►�
X
X
X
0-15M 15-25M
0 0
0 3
VALLE OF DWELLING
Owners Tenants
0-20M 0 � 0-150
2D-40M 1 150-Z50
40-70M 1 250-400
1. Will special relocatian 70-100 1 400-600
I NCONE LEtJEL
� ` � �
��-�
� �
Q
0
ii
0
DSS DI�LLII� AVAILABLE
For Sale For Rent
0-20M 0 � 0-150 0
20-40M 4 150-250 1
40-70M 5 250-400 1
70-100 9 400-600 4
serv(�es be necessary
2. Will schools or churches be 100 lP 0 6�0 U' 0 100 L�' 10 600 LP
atfected by disPlacement
3. Wili business services stili TOTAL 3 2 28
be a�ailable after project
4. Will any business be dis- REMARKS (Respond by Number)
Placed. If so, indicate size 3. Will not be disrupted due to the Pro,ject.
type, estimated number of
� employees� minorities� etc. 4.
X 5. �lill relocatfon cause a
housing shortage
b. Source for available hous-
ing (115t)
X 7. Will additional housing
progr�ms be needed
8. Stiould Last Resort Housing
be considered
X 9. Are there large, disabled,
eiderly, etc. families 6.
PrVSWER TFESE ALSO FOR OESIGN
X� 10 . W i I I pub I i c F+ous i ng be
needed for Project 6.
11. Is pubiic housing a�ail-
able 11.
12. Is it feit there will be ad=
equate DDS tiousing available
during relocation period 12.
X 13. Will there be a problem of
housing within financial
. means 13.
14. Are suitable busfness sites
a�ailable (list sour�e)
15. Number months estimated to
. �pmPle ^ RELOCATION 6 MOS.
=orm 15.4 Revised 5/90
�
�
6
a. One-stary brick business, 1400 SF, GTE
Telephone Switching Station,. No employees,
b. One-story frame bus(ness, 2000 SF, Shuttle
Cleaning Ser�ice, truck trailer washout, tiot
showers, certifled truck scales and sandwich
bar. Ttiree emPloyees. No minorities.
c. One-story frame business, 1800 SF, The Co�e
Antiques, sale of antiques, collectibles and
gifts. Two empioyees. No minorities..
Brooks 8. Broadwell �ealty, Marion, NC,,Stone
Realty, Marion� N. C. and local newspaPer.
As necessary in accardance with State law.
Isothermal Plannin9 and Development Commission.
Mar.ion, N. C.
Local reaitors indicate ttiat adequate DSS housin9
will be available during relocation period.
Stone Realty and Brooks 8� Broadwell Realty
indicated that business properties would be
a�ailable for this project.
� � �- /� �/�-� �U--��-s �f
e APProved Date
Original & 1 Copy� State Relocation A9ent
2 CoPy� Area Relocation File

Q�VISION OF HIGHWAYS RELOCATION PROGRAMS
It is the policy of the NCDOT to ensure �that comparable replacement
housing will be available prior to construction of state and
federally—assisted projects. Furthermore, the North Carolina Board of
Transportation has the following three programs to minimize the
inconvenience of relocation: ,
* Relocation Assistance,
* Relocation Moving Payments, and
* Relocation Replacement Housing Payments or Rent Supplement.
With the Relocation Assistance Program, experienced NCDOT staff will be
available to as5ist displacees with information such as availability and
prices of homes, apartments, or businesses for sale or rent and fi.nanc�ng
or other housing programs. The Relocation Moving Payments Program, in
general, provides for payment of actual mov.ing expenses encountered in
relocation. Where displacement will force an owner or tenant to purchase
or rent property of higher cost or to lose a favorable financing arrange—
ment (in cases of ownership), the Relocation Replacement Housing Payments
or Rent Supplement Program will compensate up to $22,500 to owners who are
eligible and qualify and up to $5,250 to tenants who are eligible and
qualify.
The relocation program for the proposed action will be conducted in
accordance with the Federal Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real
Property Acquisition Policies Act of 197Q (Public Law 91-646), and/or the
North Carolina Relocation Assistance Act (GS-133-5 through 133-18). The
program is designed to provide assistance to displaced persons in reloca—
ting to a replacement site in which to live or do business. At least one
relocation officer is assigned to each highway project for this purpose.
The relocation officer will determine the needs of displaced families,
individuals, businesses, non—profit organizations, and farm operations for
relocation assistance advisory services without regard to race, color,
religion, sex, or national origin. The NCDOT will schedule its work to.
allow ample time, prior to displacement, for negotiations and possession
of replacement housing which meets decent, safe, and sanitary standards.
The displacees are given at least a 90—day written notice after NCDOT pur—
chases the property. Relocation of displaced persons will be offered in
areas not generally less desirable in regard to public utilities and
commercial facilities. Rent and sale prices of replacement property will
be within the financial means of the families and individuals displaced .
and will be reasonably accessible to their places of employment. The
relocati.on officer will also assist owners of displaced businesses,
non—profit org�nizations, and farm operations in searching for and moving
to replacement property.
All tenant and owner residential occupants who may be displaced will
receive an explanation regarding all available options; such as (1)
purchase of replacement housing, (2) rental of replacement housing, either

private or public, or (3) movi�g existing owner-occupant housing to
another site (if possible). The relocation officer will also supply
information concerning�other state or federal programs offering assistance
to displaced persons and will provide other advisory services as needed in
order to minimize hardships to displaced persons in adjusting to a new
location.
The Moving Expense Payments Program is designed to compensate the dis-
placee for the costs of moving personal property from homes, businesses,
non-profit organizations, and farm operations acquired for a highway
project. Under the Replacement Program for Owners, NCDOT will part�cipate
in reasonable incidental purchase payments for replacement dwellings such
as attorney's fees, surveys, appraisals, and other closing costs and, if
applicable, make a payment for any increased interest expenses for
replacement dwellings. Reimbursement to owner-occupants for replacement
� housing payments, increased interest payments, and incidental purchase
expenses may not exceed $22,500 (combined total), except under the Last
Resort Housing provision.
A displaced tenant may be eligible to receive a payment, not to exceed
$5,250, to rent a replacement dwelling or to make a down payment, includ-
ing incidental expenses, on the purchase of a replacement dwelling. The
down payment is based upo� what the state determines is required when the
rent supplement exceeds $5250.
It is a policy of the state that no person will be displaced by the
NCDOT's state or federally-assisted construction projects unless and until
comparable replacement housing has been offered or provided for each
displacee within a reasonable period of time prior to displacement. No
relocation payment received will be considered as income for the purposes
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 or for the purposes of determ�ning
eligibility or the extent of eligibility of any person for assistance
under the Social Security Act or any other federal law. -
Last Resort Housing is a program used when comparable replacement housing
is not available, or when it is unavailable within the displacee's finan-
cial means, and the replacement payment exceeds the federal/state legal
limitation. The purpose of the p.rogram is to allow broad latitudes in
methods of implementation by the state so that decent, safe, and sanitary
replacement housing can be provided. It is not felt that this program
will be necessary on the project, since there appear to be adequate
opportunities for relocation within the area.

J}llr'!.
;.
Appendix 6
Agency Comments

LOa7N — Ad07
U.S. Department of Agriculture
FAR
MLAND �ONV��S10N fN1Pp+CT RATING
Osc� Qt La� Evarusaon rirawst C�-`a"Ay
PAR7 I f ro he cc�nvrered bY ��e�l agerrcYl
� F�o�rs�
N��,. �� �.o,.� �_ a,s�� �. �� � . , N . � .
.�
Icauocr E►na sac. `� �, � OM� E.i
Pr000s+a I.sna Us� � a�� W\ C�'���
Oace Fieauast RK*"'�tl Bv SGS
- 1 � - Fsrtn S'w
PART Il (To tre ca�r+Rlered by SCSI Y� �a Au.s �'^9"e° A�"�
� ide or lod imPo�^L �'land? _.
Ooes �e site contai� prime. uniciue. snse� ra of this forn►l. l� a ,,,a � O.rimo +n F��A
do Ro[ ca�Al�s addiuor+sl Fa qn,uw,c Ot b� '.'. '
(/t no, the FPPA does ncc apCly — Fs.n+.oi• una �n Gorc. lunsa�esioe+ A�. 4 o A
. +w,� c��i�� �,�a: 5 2 4 � l�'. � a.�w sv scs
Co Ra - - � �--- ►�. a� � �� A�� 5,►�.� o��. � � q
. •R
py�eeey Irno1v�C � �itW Q\
�/1'1 c.D DI�J�LL � '�'� —
PART 11� (To be complered by Federa� a9Q�'��
__ r_ o_ r.,n..�rted OiroGLtY_
A. � vw� .-• — --
8. Tota� Acra To Be'
�_ �:.
oN
6.. � v.a. .-.w ._ . • - -- —
..� eT �.. rr„ ti. r�mnittrd by SCSI l.a�d EvaivaIIOn infortr�aaon
�..... ._ .--
A. Tam1 qcres Prime And Uniciue Farmland
_, ,. _� e.�.....��e And Loeal Impo�nt Fartr�la�d
0
o. � ...o. .-- -- - —
C. Pereensage Of Farmland In CountY �� �0�� °�' ��
O. vere.nna+ at Fsnn+.nd In Gorc. � d Evaluavon Cr�f urioa •r aMscn• va�w 3. `
PART V(To be complsted by SCS1 �
• Relatrve ValuaOf Fam�+�andTo Be CcnveRed (S��sofQm 100Points!
Federal Agencyl � Max�mun+ I —
.. � .,� � n � h. ��mele[ed bY - --- ..�v e�wl POiftti
^ 1. Area In Nonurban Use
Z, perimeter In Nonurban Use
3, percanc Ot Site Bein9 Farmed
4. Proceetien P*ovided 8v Scate And Locai G
5. Oistance From Urban Builtuo Ares
8. Oisranea To Urban SupPaR S�'ar
7, 5,ze Of Praarn Parm Unit Camaared To �
g, CrsaDOn ot Nonfsrtnable Fartr+iand
9. Availabiii Of Farsn Suo rt Services
1Q On-Fartn Invesus+ena �
� i t. Effecs Ot Cetrrsrsion O� Fam+ SuooaR c
� 12 CarrioatibiliN Wi� Existina Aa�a+l��l I
TE ASSESSMENT POINTS .
. � e w Qr vt t?o be comp/e�ed trY F�Qn� Age�Y1
.`_R�i�w Value Ot Farn�land fFrom PaR V!
' am� g�ce qssessment (From Pa�r VI above o��
S!L'� i��11T1
— - - --...,... .T_�� ,.s �r�vs 2linesl
5'ite Saiaeted:
Rwan Far S�action:
n
Date Of S��a^
�—
��
160
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160
26�
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(� �
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YMas A 6.oc'st Sit� Awsu�� ��d?
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QS�,EN7 OF Ty�
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United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIF'E SERVICE
Asheville FSeld Office
330 Ridgefield Court
Asheville, North Cazolina 28806
Gctober 6, 1993
Mr. L. J. Ward, P. E.. Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
r�
TAKE � a�
A�MERIG4� ,
.�
� ■ .
�O
-� OC� 4 b 1993 :�
��2 DIVIS►GN C'� `;7ry
�' HiGN`�� , ..; �-
����NVIRu: , :
Subject: Scoping for proposed widening of US 221 from NC 226 near
Woodlawn to the Blue Ridge Parkway. McDowell and Avery
Counties..North Carolina. T.I.P. No. R-2596
In your letter of July 2. 1993 (received July 8. 1993), you requested
information regarding potential environmental impacts that could result
from the subject project for your use in the preparation of an
environmental assessment. The following comments are provided in
accordance with the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 661-667e), and Section 7 of the Endangered Species
Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
According to information provided in your letter, this project will
involve the widening of U.S. 221 from a two-lane to a multilane road. A
portion of this project will be constructed on a new location. The
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is particularly concerned about
the potential impacts the proposed project could have on listed or
proposed endangered or threatened species, on stream systems and
associated wetlands within the project area--North Fork of the Catawba
River and several unnamed tributaries. Laurel Branch. Honeycutt Creek,
Pepper Creek, Martin Branch, Pond Branch, Stillhouse Branch, and Hickory
Bottom Branch--and on wildlife habitat. Preference should be given to
alternative alignments, stream-crossing structures, and construction
techniques that avoid and/or minimize encroachment and impacts to these
resources.
A Service biologist conducted a field visit on October 1, 1993. During
this inspection it was apparent that the project area provides habitat
for a wide variety of fish and wildlife species. Land use within the
project area is primarily rural, and a good portion of the project area
bisects the Grandfather Ranger District of the Pisgah National Forest.
The following gerieral habitat types exist within the project impact area:
old fields, early successional areas (along roadsides), mixed pine-

y,„ ,i�,
hardwood forests, forested riparian areas:.stream systems, and vertical
limestone cliff communities. The Service believes this project has the
potential to adversely impact fishery and wildlife resources in the
project area and recommends that the following three issues be
specifically addressed in the environmental assessment: (1) protection
of stream and wetland systems (steep slopes within the project area will
necessitate additional precautionary measures in order to control
sedimentation and erosion); (2) fragmentation of wildlife habitat
(especially for the black bear, since there is a relatively good
population within the Grandfather Ranger District of the Pisgah National
Forest); and (3) the possible presence of both federally listed and
candidate species.
�
The enclosed pages identify federally protected endangered and threatened
species known from Avery and McDowell Counties that may occur within the
area of influence of this proposed action. The legal responsibilities of
a Federal agency or their designated non-Federal representative under
Section 7 of the Act are on file with the Federal Highway Administration
and the North Carolina Department of Transportation. The enclosed pages
also contain candidate species that are currently under status review by
the Service which may occur in the project impact area. Candidate
species are not legally protected under the Act and are not subject to
any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they are formally
proposed or listed as endangered or threatened. We are including these
species in our response to give you advance notification.
The Service's review of the subject environmental assessment would be
greatly facilitated if the document also contained the following
information: �
(1) A complete analysis and comparison of the available
alternatives (the build and no-build alternatives).
(2) A description of the fishery and wildlife resources
within existing and required additional rights-of-way
and any areas, such as borrow areas, that may be
affected directly or indirectly by the proposed road
construction.
(3) Acreage and description of the creeks, streams, or
wetlands that will be filled as a result of the
proposed road improvements. Wetlands affected by the
proposed project should be mapped in accordance with
the Federal Manual for ldentifYinq and Delineatinq
Jurisdictional Wetlands. We recommend contacting the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory
Field Office (704/271-4854), to determine the need
for a Section 404 Clean Water Act permit.
(4) Linear feet of any water courses that will be
relocated as a result of the proposed project.
(5) Acreage of upland habitat, by cover type, that will
be eliminated because of the proposed project.

(6) Description of all expected secondary and cumulative
environmental impacts associated with this proposed
work.
(7) An analysis of the crossing structures considered
(i.e., spanning structure, culverts) and the
rationale for choosing the preferred structure(s).
(8) Mitigation measures that will be employed to avoid,
eliminate, reduce, or compensate for habitat value
losses associated with any part of the proposed
project.
We appreciate the opportunity to provide these scoping comments and
request that you cont�nue to keep us informed as to the progress of this
project. In any future correspondence concerning this project, please
reference our Log Number 4-2-94-002.
Si cerely,
,
Brian P. Cole
Field Supervisor
Enclosure
cc:
Mr. Randy C. Wilson, Section Manager, Nongame and Endangered Wildlife and
Permits Section. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission,
Archdale Building, 512 IV. Salisbury Street. Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
Mr. Dennis L. Stewart, Program Manager, Division of Boating and Inland
Fisheries. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Archdale
Building, 512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
Ms. Linda Pearsall. Director, North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh. NC 27611
Mr. Cecil Frost, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Plant
Conservation Program, P.O. Box 27647, Raleigh. NC 27611

IN REPLY REFER TO
LOG N0. 4-2-94-002
PAGE 1 OF 2
AVERY COUNTY
MAMMALS
Virginia big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii vir4inianus)- Endangered
Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomvs sabrinus coloratus) -
Endangered
Southern rock vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis) - Candidate
New England cottontail (Svlvilaqus transitionalis) - Candidate*
Eastern small-footed bat (Mvotis leibii leibii) - Candidate
BIRDS
Peregrine falcon (Falco pere4rinus) - Endangered
Appalachian Bewick's wren (Thrvomanes bewickii altus) - Candidate*
REPTILES
Bog turtle (Clemmvs muhlenberqii) - Candidate
AMPHIBIANS
Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleqaniensis) - Candidate*
ARACHNIDS
Spruce-fir moss spider (Microhexura montivaQa) - Candidate
INSECTS
Diana fritillary butterfly (�everia diana) - Candidate
Regal fritillary butterfly (�everia idalia) - Candidate
PLANTS
Spreading avens (Geum radiatum) - Endangered*
Roan Mountain bluet (Hedvotis �urpurea var. montana) - Endangered
Heller's blazing star (Liatris helleri) - Threatened
Blue Ridge goldenrod (Solida4o s�ithamaea) - Threatened
Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) - Candidate
Roan false goat's beard (Astilbe crenatiloba) - Candidate "
A liverwort (Bazzania nudicaulis) - Candidate*
Mountain bittercress (Cardamine clematitis) - Candidate
Manhart's sedge (Carex manhartii) - Candidate
Rock gnome lichen (Gvmnoderma lineare) - Candidate
Bent avens (Geum qeniculatum) - Candidate
Butternut (Juqlans ni ra) - Candidate
Gray's lily (Lilium r4 avi) - Candidate
A liverwort (PlaQiochila virqinica var. caroliniana) - Candidate*
Gray's saxifrage (Saxifraqa caroliniana) - Candidate
Oconee-bells (Shortia qalacifolia) - Candidate
Short-styled oconee-bells (Shortia galacifolia var. brevistvla) -
Candidate
*Indicates no specimen from Avery County in at least 20 years.

6
IN REPLY REFER TO
LOG N0. 4-2-94-002
PAGE 2 OF 2
MCDOWELL COUNTY
MAMMALS
Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomvs sabrinus coloratus) - ,
Endangered
Eastern woodrat (Neotoma maqister) - Candidate
BIRDS
Cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea) - Candidate
REPTILES
Bog turtle (Clemmvs muhlenberqii) - Candidate
ARACHNIDS
Spruce-fir moss spider (Mirohexura montivaqa) - Candidate
INSECTS
Diana fritillary butterfly (Speveria diana) - Candidate
PLANTS
Mountain golden heather (Hudsonia montana) - Threatened
Butternut (Ju4lans niqra) - Candidate
Gray's lily (Lilium qravi) - Candidate
Oconee-bells (Shortia qalacifolia) - Candidate
Short-styled oconee-bells (Shortia Qalacifolia var. brevistvla) -
Candidate �
u
�

.. Q4N'ENT OF Ty�
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tN p
a
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� CM 3 �6e
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
330 Ridgefield Court
Asheville, North Carolina 28806
December 15, 1994
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Vick:
■
TAKE�� �
PRIDE IN �
AMERKA��
-
�� �
� ■
�'*� � E I ��,�'1
�1�,�. ,�- ��-�-?g '�
,
� DEC 1 9 1994 ':
:�
j
✓/� �iVi���� �F �:
�� HIGHtNAYS ��.
���✓�jR�.,, r�tCP�,
Subject: Recor�nended Alternative for US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to
SR 1569, McDowell County, North Carolina, T.I.P. No. R-2596A
In your November 18, 1994, letter (received on November 30, 1994), you
requested our cor�nents on the subject alternative. The following
comrnents are provided in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S:C. 661-667e).
As you are aware, a meeting was held on October 24, 1994, to specifically
discuss alternative alignments �n the vicinity of Hickory Bottom Branch
near the southern end of the project. Three alternatives were presented
in the area between NC 226 and SR 1562: (1) the original design which
involves mostly symmetric widening and 1,825 feet of stream
rechannelization and the relocation of a telephone switching station;
(2) Alternative 1, a west side widening which involves 600 feet of stream
rechannelization and the relocation of, a telephone switching station; and
(3) Alternative 2, an east side widening which involves 775 feet of
stream rechannelization. The North Carolina Department of Transportation
(P�CDOT) pr2fers A��ernative 2, the east side widering alteinative, sirice
it avoids the telephone switching station.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is particularly concerned
about potential adverse impacts to aquatic resources of Hickory Bottom
Branch resulting from the proposed project. Hickory Bottom Branch
supports nongame fish species and flows into Armstrong Creek, which is
designated by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission as
Hatchery Supported Designated Mountain Trout Water above its confluence
with Hickory Bottom Branch. Hickory Bottom Branch has a relatively
stable substrate and an adjacent mature forested canopy that provides
shading to the creek--two important aquatic resource habitat values
(especially for coldwater fish species). Rechannelization will result in
adverse impacts to a relatively intact natural stream system with
concurrent loss of fish and wildl�fe habitat value.

While the Service prefers Alternative 1 since it involves less stream
rechannelization, we do not object to the selection of Alternative 2. We
appreciate that the proposed stream rechannelizations will replicate the
existing channel widths, vegetation cover and substrate types. We also
recommend that the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Cor�nission's
"Guidelines for Mountain Stream Relocations in North Carolina" be
reviewed (please keep in mind that these guidelines are in the process of
being revised and that the most up-to-date version should be consulted)
for any additional mitigative measures for the proposed stream
relocations (e.g., replicate existing channel depth). Finally, the
Service does not support the use of the abandoned stream channel on the
east side of the road (near stations 1+500 and 1+540) if this will
involve significant removal of the existing canopy cover and vegetation.
The Service provided scoping cor�nents to the NCDOT on October 6, 1993,
for the entire project from NC 226 near Woodlawn to the Blue Ridge
Parkway. At that time, the Service expressed several concerns regarding
potential adverse impacts to aquatic and terrestrial resources that may
result from the proposed project. While we do not object to the
selection of Alternative 2 for this particular section of the project, we
still have unaddressed concerns for the project as a whole. Will the
original project described during the scoping process be divided into
sections for evaluation under the National Environmental Policy Act, and
later for Section 404 Clean Water Act permit requests? If so, does the
project referenced above (R-2596A) represent�one section with logical
termini?
We appreciate the opportunity to provide these comments. If you have any
questions regarding our corrrnents, please contact Ms. Janice Nicholls of
our staff at 704/665-1195, Ext. 227. In any future correspondence
concerning this project, please reference our Log Number 4-2-94-002.
Sincerely,
��tiN�
, .�'vt,
Brian P. Cole
� Field Supervisor
cc:
Mr. Bob Johnson, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regulatory Field Office,
Room 75, Grove Arcade Building, 37 Battery Park Avenue,
Asheville, NC 28801
Ms. Stephanie Goudreau, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Comrnission,
320 S. Garden Street, Marion, NC 28752
Mr. Roy Shelton, Federal Highway Administration, 310 New Bern Avenue,
Suite 410, Raleigh, NC 27601
Mr. Tim Haugh, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Planning and
Program Development, 1720 Peachtree Road, NW., Suite 200,
Atlanta, GA 30367

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFEfl TO
Planning Division
September 30, 1993
Mr. L. J. Ward, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department
of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, ��urth Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
l � I C;irv�. �.�
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OCT 0 4 1993
�i,L DNlSIG'�! O�� �.`<`
�i H1GH��dA.Yc, G:'
��N��RON���� . .
-This is in response to your letter of July 2, 1993, requesting
our comments on "US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to the Blue Ridge
Parkway, McDowell and Avery Counties, State Project No. 8.T871101,
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3), TIP No. R-2596" (Regulatory
Branch Action ID No. 199303231).
Our comments, from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
perspective, involve impacts to COE projects, flood plains, and
other environmental aspects, primarily waters and wetlands. The
proposed project would not involve any COE-constructed flood control
or navigation projects. �
The proposed project is sited in McDowell and Avery Counties,
both of which participate in the National Flood Insurance Program.
From a review of the September 1990 Avery County Flood Insurance
Rate Map (FIRM), the roadway does not appear to be in an identified
flood plain. Based on the July 1988 McDowell County FIRM, the
section of roadv�ay selected for improvement is located within the
flood plain of Armstrong Creek and also crosses North Fork Catawba
River. Both streams have been studied by detailed methods, with
100-year flood elevations determined but no floodway defined.
The roadway also crosses the approximate study streams of Conley
Branch, Martin Branch, Pepper Creek, and Honeycutt Creek. The
hydraulic effects on the 100-year flood levels of these streams
should be addressed in the environmental document. The final
project's hydraulic effects should be coordinated with McDowell
County for compliance with their flood plain ordinance and possible
revision to their flood insurance maps and report.
Our Regulatory Branch has also reviewed your letter and has the
following comments. The Li,nville Falls to Ashford section of this
project is generally very steep. From Linville Falls to North Cove

-Z-
School, the North Fork Catawba River is designated as a"General
Trout Water." There are numerous steep tributaries which flow
under US 221 to North Fork that will be impacted by the widening
project. Although there is very little in the way of wetlands
(due to the steepness), special planning precautions should be
made to control erosion into the tributaries. The North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) should take great efforts to
control the flow of sediment into these tributaries. Detailed
plans on how NCOOT plans to do this would be greatly appreciated.
On the southern end of the Blue Ridge Country Club (BRCC), near
Ashford and just north of SR 1570, there are wetlands that should
be avuiueu. �nese wetiands are being preservea as part or a
settlement with BRCC stemming from an Environmental Protection
Agency enforcement action. We would be willing to meet with
NCDOT personnel to indicate where these wetlands are located.
The Ashford to Conley Branch (see Little Switzerlan� topo)
section of the project is a much flatter section of road. Most
of the more level land along this section has been converted to
row crop or pasture and hayland. There are several creek crossings
with wooded wetlands including Honeycutt Creek, Pepper Creek, and
Martin Branch. Effort should be made to minimize the impacts to
these wetlands.
The Conley Branch to Woodlawn section is an area of steeper
terrain with very few crossings and little wetland area. The
exception is the Hickory Bottom Branch wetlands close to the
terminus of the project. In doing the alignment study, perhaps
NCDOT could find a way to avoid this wetland area.
When final construction plans are completed, including the
extent and location of develapment within waters and wetlands,
yo„r pffire should r_ontact M:�. Steve Chapin at our Asheville Field
Office, telephone [phone], for a final determination of
Federal permit requirements.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on this project. If
we can be of further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to
contact us.
S' ere ,
*---- �c.) ,
� Law ence . Saunders
Chi f, Pl,�nning Division

United Statea Forest National Forests IIaited States Federal
Department of Service ia North Carolina Court House Building
Agriculture 100 Otis Street
' . P.O. Boz 2750
� Asheville NC 28802
8eply to: 2730J ��
. Mr. L.J. Ward, P.E. .
Manager� Planning and Environmental Branch
N.C. Divieion of Highvays
. P. 0. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611
�
Dear Mr. Ward:
Date: S� � 1993
� ��
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Thank you for the opportunity to comment on SP: 8.T871101� FAP: NHF-221(3), TIP:
R-2596. as requested by qour Julq 2� 1993 lette�.
Here are our comments:
1. The project involves National Forest system lands, so we request you involve
the Grandfather District Ranger, Michael Anderson in your EA process. His
phone number is 704-652-2144.
2. The Forest Supervisor nominated two areas of National Forest land adjacent
to the project for the Natural Heritage Register. Nothing can be done to
negativelq impact these areas vhile they are under consideration. We have
included location maps for your convenience.
3. There is a high probability that historic sites exist along the Catawba
River. Excavation and a studq may be required before the project can
proceed. It is our understanding that an archeological study of the entire
corridor is required for a Federal Aid Project.
4. A biological evaluation of sensitive plants and animals will be required
prior to the Forest Supervisor making a final determination on the project.
Thank qou again for the opportunity to comment on this project. Please contact
Joe Moore at 704-257-4247, if you have any questions.
Sincerely.
.. � /
� �C. MITCH GURGANUS
Director� Lands and M' erals
Enclosures
/
cc: Betty Yancey, NCDOT
District Ranger, Grandfather
N

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LINVILLE MOUNTAIN NATURAL AREA
I �
LOCATION:� Pisgah National Forest. On •the east flank of Linville
Mountain. East of US 221, about 1/4 mile north of the Linville
Caverns entrance road. McDowell County. Linville Falls quad.
; DESCRIPTION: Extensive, well-developed cliffs and talus slopes
of quartzite in the Grandfather Mountain Window. A populations
of Bradley's spleenwort (Asplenium bradleyi) occurs on the cliff,
and ginsenq (Panax c�uinquefolius) occurs in the cove. Clif�s and
� ridges are extremely acidic; coves, though full of quartzite
boulders, are rich, and vegetation suggests influence by
underlying dolomite on the soil.
�
SIGNIFICANCE: Rare plant species, high quality natural
communities, and geologic features.
Status
Name � NC1 US2 Global3
------------------------------------- --- --- ------ ----------
Asplenium Bradleyi Bradley's SR -- G3 �
spleenwort � �
Panax quinquefolius ginseng SC -- G4
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�
. CATAWBA RIVE?t D�L_ E AREA
LOCATION: Pisqah National Forest. On the east side of US 221 in
the upper Catawba River valley, about 2 miles south of the town
of Linville Falls. McDowell County. Linville Falls quad.
DESCRZPTION: Lower slope and small bluffs of Shady Dolomite
formation exposed in the Grandfather Mountain Window.
Distinctive, rich calcareous mesic forest community dominated by
a mixture of calcium-loving hardwoods, includinq chinquapin oak �
( uercus muhlenberqii), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and walnut
(Juqlans ni ra). _
SIGNIFICANCE: Unusual natural community, newly added to the
classification system. This type of community is not represented
elsewhere on Forest Service lands in North Carolina. Fewer than
10 examples occur anywhere in North Carolina.
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=M206
MAIIED T0:
NORTH CAROIINA STATE CLEARINGHOUSE
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRA
�I �m� 116 NEST JONES STREEt � E� I��.
RALE26H, NORTH CAROLIN �T603-8003 Q
�, `ilN� 1 3 1993 ,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT Z c�
���, AIVISIC'V pF ��
FROM: � HIGFIWh"^ �,,
c%��,,,,.. ., .. . .
.�.
DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION
L.J. NARD
HIGHNAY BLDG
INTER—OFFICE
MS. JEANETTE F ""'�
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
STATE CIEARINGHOUSE_
PROJECT UESCRIPTION:
SCOPING FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO US 221 FROM NC 226 NEAR MOODLANN TO TNE
BLUERIDGE PARKNAY.
TYPE — SCOPING
THE N.C. STATE CIEARINGHOUSE HAS RECEIVED THE ABOYE PROJECT FOR
INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEN• THIS PROJECT HAS BEFN ASSIGNEO STATE
APPLICATION NUMBER 94E42200025. PLEASE USE THIS NUMBER MITH ALL
INGUIRIES OR CORRESP�NDENCE NITH THIS OFFICE.
REVIEN OF THIS PROJECT SHOULD BE COMPLETED ON OR BEFORE 08/08/93.
SHOULD YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS PIEASE CALL t919) T33-7232. :�
�
0

't�(— �1 t�c59(� �
��
FM208
� IP�9�
MAILED T0:
DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION
�.J. WARO
' HIGHNAY BLDG
INTER-DFFICE
NORTH CAROLINA STATE CLEARI
OEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRAT C E%
116 NEST JONES STREET
RALEIGH NORTH GARDLINA 2 b 03-8003
� aus � 3 �993
�
INTERGOVERNMENTAL REViEN GOMMfNTS 2 D1V(S►C,��r-
�� HIGHWAY� ;,�
� ROhl: �NV/RONNIE�P�
MRS. CHRYS BAGGETT
DIRELTOR
N C STATE CLEARINGHOUSE
PROJECT DESCRiPTION:
SCOPiNG FOR IHPftOVEMENTS TO US 221 FROM NC 226 NEAR'NOODLANN TO THE
SLUERIDGE PARKWAY. �
SAI NO 94E42200025 PROGRAM TITLE - SCOPING
7H� ASOVE PROJEC7 HAS BEEN SUBMiTTED TO TNE NORTH GAROLiNA
INTER60VERNl7ENTAL REVIEN PROCE55. AS A RESULT OF THE REViEN THE FOLLONING
IS SUBMITTEO: () NO COMMf NTS HERE RECEIVED
t jU COMMENTS ATTAGHEO
SHOULO YOU HAYE ANY OUESTI,ONS, PLEASE CALL THIS OFFICf [phone].
' C.C. REGIDN C

' State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Planning & Assessment
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
MEMORANDUM
T0: Chrys Baggett
State Clearinghouse
FROM: Melba McGee �
Project Review Coordinator
RE:
DATE:
/••
���.
�EHNF�
94-0025 Scoping Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 to
Blueridge Parkway, Avery and McDowell Counties
August 11, 1993
� The Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
has reviewed the proposed scoping notice. The attached comments
list and describe information that is necessary for our divisions
to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the.project.
More specific comments will be provided during the environmental
review.
Thank you for the opportunity to respond. The applicant is
encouraged to notify our commenting divisions if additional
assistance is needed. '
attachments
cc: David Foster
i
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 1096 post-consumer paper

� North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission �
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-?33-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Melba McGee, Planning and Assessment
Dept. of Environment, Health, & Natural Resources
FROM: Stephanie E. Goudreau, Mt. Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program��,�/, ��� �
� ��1
DATE: July 30, 1993
SUBJECT: State Clearinghouse Project No. 94-0025, Scoping
comments for improvements to US 221 from NC 226 to Blue
Ridge Parkway, Avery and McDowell Counties (TIP #R-
2596) ,
This correspondence responds to a request by you for scoping
comments regarding a proposal by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) to widen US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn
in McDowell County to the Blue Ridge Parkway in Avery County.
The NCDOT proposes to widen US 221 from a 2-lane roadway to a
multilane facility, partially on new location. The new roadway
would consist of a combination of 4-lane and 5-lane sections.
I conducted.a site visit on July 27, 1993. Wildlife habitat
consists of mature mixed hardwoods with some pines, disturbed
mixed hardwoods, rock ledges, caves, old fields, pasture,
cropland, Christmas tree nurseries, and yards. The diverse
habitat of the project area supports many wildlife species,
including black bear, white tailed deer, raccoon, striped skunk,
gray sguirrel, woodchuck, �eastern cottontail, and various species
of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Streams that will be
impacted by the project include North Fork Catawba River, Laurel
Branch, Pond Branch, Stillhouse Branch, Honeycutt Creek, Pepper
Creek, Martin Branch, Hickory Bottom Branch, and at least four
unnamed tributaries to the North Fork Catawba.River. The river
is Hatchery Supported Designated Public Mountain Trout Water
throughout the project, and Laurel Branch may support wild trout.
Other streams in the project area support nongame fish such as
chubs, shiners, darters, and dace.
This project has the potential to cause adverse impacts to
fisheries and wildlife resources of the project area. The North

Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) has the following
specific comments regarding issues that should be addressed in
the Environmental Assessment (EA) or Envirorunental Impact
Statement (EIS) that will be prepared for this project:
1) Widening the roadway in this area has the potential�to
impact the resident black bear population. The existing
roadway from Armstrong Creek to Linville Falls bisects the
U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Grandfather Ranger District, and
good populations of black bear occur in both the northern
and southern sections of the District. Specifically, bear
densities are high in the Woods Mountain, Mackey Mountain,
and Mount Mitchell areas in the southern section and the
Linville Gorge, Grandfather Mountain, and Daniel Boone
Management Areas in the northern section. Because extensive
bear movement occurs between the sections, widening the
roadway will impact movement to some degree and will likely
increase highway mortality. The NCWRC is particularly
concerned with the stretch of US 221 from just south of
Linville Caverns to Linville Falls. This section actually
enters U.S. Forest Service land and contains forested land
on both sides of the roadway. Thus, this area is most
likely an important travel route for bears as well as other
wildlife. Project sponsors should address these concerns
and appropriate mitigation measures in the EA.
2) Limestone caves, which are relatively rare in North
Carolina, exist on either side of US 221 towards the
northern end of the project area. The presence of the
eastern woodrat Neotoma magister has been documented from
caves in this area, and it is�likely that the eastern small-
footed bat Myotis leibii leibii is also present. Both of
these species are listed as Special Concern (SC) in the
state and are candidates for federal listing (C2). Project
sponsors should discuss how caves and these rare species
will be impacted by this project.
3) The presence of other rare species in the project area
should be addressed. There is a good chance that the
cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea is present, and a
possibility that the Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus
obscura is also in the area. Both species are listed as
Significantly Rare (SR) in the state and C2 with the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service.
4) Project sponsors should describe in detail how streams in
the project area will be impacted, e.g., channel relocation,
culvert extension. We reiterate that the NCWRC usually
objects to relocation of streams where upland alternatives
exist.
5) Steep slopes in the project area mandate the need for extra
stringent erosion and sedimentation control measures during
roadway construction. Project sponsors should describe how

k��. ��T*�';:�. e�;.:� ;:n° ;sia.'.. .""�..
control measures will be adequate to control stormwater
runoff so that the North Fork Catawba River and its
tributaries are protected from severe sedimentation.
In general, the EA or EIS should contain the following,
information:
1) Description of fishery and wildlife resources within the
project area, including a listing of federally or state
designated threatened, endangered, or special concern
species. The NCWRC's Nongame and Endangered Species Section
maintains databases for locations of fish and wildlife
species. While there is no charge for the list, a service
charge for computer time is involved. Contact is:
Mr. Randy Wilson, Manager
Nongame & Endangered Species Section
Division of Wildlife Management
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
919/733-7291
A listing of designated plant species can be developed
through consultation with the following agency:
Natural Heritage Program
N.C. Division�of Parks and Recreation
P. O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
919/733-7795
2) Description of waters and/or wetlands affected by the
project.
3) Project map identifying wetland areas. Identification of
wetlands may be accomplished through coordination with the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). If the COE is not
consulted, the person delineating wetlands should be
identified and criteria listed.
4) Description of project activities that will occur within
wetlands, such as fill or channel alteration. Acreages of
wetlands impacted by alternative project designs should be
listed. Project sponsors should indicate whether the COE
has been contacted to determine the need for a 404 Permit
under the Clean Water Act. Contact is Mr. Steve Chapin at
704/271-4014.
5)
6)
Description of project site and non-wetland vegetative
communities.
1
The extent to which the project will result in loss,
degradation, or fragmentation of wildlife habitat.

1
�
7) Any measures proposed to avoid or reduce impacts of the
project or to mitigate for unavoidable habitat losses.
8) A list of document preparers which shows each individual's
professional background and qualifications.
I appreciate the opportunity to provide this information to
the NCDOT in the early planning stages of this project. If you
have any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at
704/652-4257.
cc: Mr. Chris Goudreau, District 8 Fisheries Biologist
Mr. Jack Mason, District 8 Wildlife Biologist
Mr. Gordon Warburton, NCWRC Black Bear Project Leader
Mr. Allen Boynton, Nongame Mountain Project Leader
Mr. David Yow, Acting NCWRC Highway Coordinator
Ms. Janice Nicholls, USFWS, Asheville
0

� CE�'F\
�
, �- -` �;'�� y - G. DEC 0 9 1994
� � ,q �
�; �`�� � _� , :�• �, . �:. _
� - �, "' ��'�,,!_ �'� ; -�. � `2 DNISI ni - . _
.,` � �= , _ '-
.
.
, �.=: � _
�-:-_: t.,�" s � .'�s� -,� � ,�:- � U �^
-, �`.� -��; � H,�,�-�i.,r-
�'�'�"-�-�.�, . �' ��` - �'t;✓ � , . �.
��?Oi\ 1vi�`, `
� North Carolina Wildlife Resources Con:imission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Chazles R. Fullwood, Execurive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: H. Franklin Vick, P. E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch, NCDOT
FROM: Stephanie E. Goudreau, Mt. Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: December 6, 1994
��i ������t� -
J�����c..F-GGc2_
SUBJECT: Preliminary comments for proposed relocation of Hickory
Bottom Branch in association with widening US 221,
McDowell County (TIP #R-2569A).
This correspondence responds to a request by you for our
preliminary comments regarding the proposed relocation of Hickory
Bottom Branch in conjunction with widening US 221 from NC 226
near Woodlawn to SR 1569 in McDowell County. Specifically you
requested our concurrence on the selected alternative before an
application is made to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for a 404
permit.
Three alternatives were discussed in your letter and during
the on-site meeting held on 24 October. 1994, including a)
symmetrical widening (1825 feet of stream relocation), b)
Alternative 1(600 feet of relocation), and c) Alternative 2(775
feet of relocation). The North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) prefers Alternative 2 because it avoids a
telephone switching station at the southern end of the project.
Hickory Bottom Branch is a tributary to Armstrong Creek,
which is Hatchery Supported Designated Public Mountain Trout
Water upstream of its confluence with Hickory Bottom Branch.
Fish sampling in Hickory Bottom Branch downstream of the project
site on 28 September 1992 revealed that the stream supports
nongame fish species, including (shiners, chubs, darters,
sunf ish).
We have the following comments regarding this project:
1) We prefer Alternative 1 because it involves the least amount
of stream relocation; however, we will not object to NCDOT's
preferred choice of Alternative 2. Alternative 2 involves

TIP #R-2596A Page 2 December 6, 1994
the same 600-foot stream relocation as Alternative 1 in
addition to another 175-foot relocation at the southezn end
of the project that will allow NCDOT to avoid the telephone
switching station. As you noted in your letter, the 175-
foot section of stream has already been disturbed in
conjunction with adjacent projects (R-2020 and B-1277).
2) Channel design for relocated sections should also include
the same linear feet as the old channel, average depth, and
average gradient along with average width, native riparian
vegetation, substrate type, and meander pattern as mentioned
in your letter.
3) The attachment to your letter regarding anticipated impacts
to waters and wetlands mentions the possible use of an
abandoned, existing channel (east of Preliminary Stations
1+500 and 1+540) for stream relocation. Our site visit
revealed that this channel is well vegetated with woody
vegetation that would provide shade and bank stability to
the relocated stream. However, the abandoned channel should
not be used if most woody vegetation must be removed and if
the channel does not meet the specifications outlined in
Item 2 above without significant modif.ications.
4) The NCDOT should consult our letter dated 30 July 1993 to
Ms. Melba McGee for a list of other concerns that should be
. addressed on all segments of B-2596. As you know, the
relocation of Hickory Bottom Branch is a minor component of
the entire project.
We appreciate NCDOT's efforts to coordinate plans for stream
relocations during the early planning stages of this project. If
you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact
me at 704/652-4257.
cc: Mr. Chris Goudreau, District 8 Fisheries Biologist
Ms. Janice Nicholls, USFWS, Asheville
Mr. Moussa Ishak, NCDOT

. ...a .
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural. Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
MEMO
To: Mark Reep
NC DOT
From:
Subject:
December 21, 1994
Eric Galamb y��
R-2596A Site/G�isit Comments
/••
�EHNR
Sorry for the delay in providing my comments from the site
visit to the R-2596A project. On November 29, 1994, we received
alternative designs and were asked for concurrence. DEM cannot
provide concurrence at this time until DOT provides detailed
stream relocation information. This information should include
but not limited to:
*. stream width, depth and bank stabilization (if needed)
* measures to protect the WS II classification of Hickory
Bottom Branch .
* justification for impacting wetlands and waters
There is a lot of truck traffic utilizing this road
Accidents are over lOg higher than the statewide average
similar road. Therefore, due to the high truck traffic,
accident rate and the high quality stream classification,
requests that hazardous spill catch basin be installed.
(9g) .
for a
the
DEM
DEM believes that the stream can be relocated to partially
utilize the old stream bed adjacent to the mountain. This area
was.brought to your attention at-the site. If this area is not
used DOT will need to justify the reason(s). DEM believes
strongly in this location because apparently the stream was at
that location prior to road construction, the banks are
stabilized, natural substrate exists, and a mature canopy shades
and protects the trout waters.
I await you response to this memo. Should you have
questions, I can be reached at 733-1786.
R2596A. mem
cc: Steve Chapin, Asheville COE
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North C�olina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Empioyer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Heaith and Natural Resources 1•�
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governorry � E H N�
Jonathan 6. Howes, Secreta
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
July 28, 1993
MEMORANDUM
T0: Melba McGee, Policy and Development
FROM: Monica Swihar� Water Quality Planning
SUBJECT: Project Review #94-0025; Scoping Comments - NC DOT
Proposed Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 Near Woodlawn
to the Blueridge Parkway
The Water Quality Section of the Division of Environmental
Management requests that the following topics be discussed in the
environmental documents prepared on the subject project:
A. Identify the streams potentially.impacted by the project. The
stream classifications should be current. Based on the
information provided, the project appears to follow the North
Fork Catawba River for approximately 15 miles. This section
of the North Fork Catawba River is classified as C Tr by the
State of North Carolina. The southern project limit appears
to be at the American Thread Company Water Supply Dam on
Armstrong Creek. Upstream of the dam, Armstrong Creek has a
WS-II CA classification.
B. Identify the linear feet of stream channelizations/
relocations. If the original stream banks were vegetated, it
is requested that the channelized/relocated stream banks be
revegetated. •
C. Number of stream crossings.
D. Will permanent spill catch basins be utilized? DEM requests
that these catch basins be placed at all water supply stream
crossings. Identify the responsible party for maintenance.
E. Identify the stormwater controls (permanent and temporary) to
be employed.
F. Please ensure that sediment and erosion and control measures
are not placed in wetlands.
P.O. Box 29535, Rdeigh, Norfh C�olina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Atfirmative Action Empioyer 5096 recycled/ 1096 posF-consumer paper
�

Melba McGee
July 28, 1993
Page 2
G. Wetland Impacts
1) Identify the federal manual used for identifying and
,, delineating jurisdictional wetlands.
2) Have wetlands been avoided as much as possible?
3) Have-wetland impacts been minimized?
4) Discuss wetland impacts by plant communities affected.
� 5) Discuss the quality of wetlands impacted.
.6) Summarize the total wetland imp.acts.
7) List the 401 General Certification numbers requested from
DEM.
H. Will borrow locations be in wetlands? Borrow/waste areas
should avoid wetlands to the maximum extent practicable.
Prior to approval of any borrow/waste site in a wetland, the
contractor shall obtain a 401 Certification from DEM.
I. Did NCDOT utilize the existing road alignments as much as
possible? Why not (if applicable)?
J. Please provide a conceptual mitigation plan to help the
environmental review. The mitigation plan may state the
following:
1. Compensatory mitigation will be considered only after
wetland impacts have been avoided and minimized to the
maximum extent possible. '
2. On-site, in-kind mitigation is the preferred method of
mitigat'ion. In-kind mitigation within the same watershed
is preferred over out-of-kind mitigation.
3. Mitigation should be in the following order:
restoration, creation, enhancement, and lastly banking.
Written concurrence of 401 Water Quality Certification may be
required for this project. Applications requesting coverage under
our General Certification 14 or General Permit 31 will require
written concurrence. Please be aware that 401 Certification may be
denied if wetland impacts have not been avoided and minimized to
the maximum extent p'racticable.
,
9863er.mem a
cc: Eric Galamb

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Soil & Water Conservation
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
TO:
FROM:
Melba McGee
David Harrison
�f'C�"
/••
��■ �
�EHNf-�
August 2, 1993
M l�
C � - . _ �
�� C: .
�. _
�� . .ti�
SUBJECT: Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to
Blue Ridge Parkway, McDowell and Avery Counties.
Project No. 94-0025.
The proposed project involves widening US 221 from a two-lane
roadway to a multilane roadway (four or five lanes) and some new
location. Soils information will be available through the local
Soil Conservation Districts. The Environmental Assessment should.
identify any unique, prime, or important farmlands that would be
impacted by the project. A wetlands evaluation should be
included.
DH/tl
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Oppo�tunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 1096 post-consumer paper
0

DIVISION OF PARRS AND RECREATION
August 2, 1993
Memorandum
TO: Melba McGee
FROM: Stephen Aall S ��
SUB,7ECT: Scoping -- Improve US 221, Woodlawn to Blue Ridge
Parkway
REFERENCE: 94-OU25
Project Section R-2596 C passes through an area of particular
environmental significance. The Catawba River Gorge contains
several outcrops of "limestone, which has a highly restricted
distribution in North Carolina. Over a dozen plants are found in
association with these outcrops and also occur almost nowhere
else in North Carolina. The rarest of these is a liverwort
(Plagiochila caduciloba), a candidate for federal listing and
state-listed as Endangered. Three others are candidates for
state-listing: white camas (ZvQadenus elesans), Bradley's
spleenwort (Asplenium bradleyi), and lime entodon (Entodon
concinnus).
These species are concentrated at three particularly important
sites: the Linville Cave Natural Area (a Registered Natural
Heritage Area), the Linville Mountain Natural Area (a Natural
Heritage Priority Area), and the Catawba River polomite Area
(also a Natural Heritage Priority Area). The Linville Cave
Natural Area is located west of the Catawba River and may not be
adversely affected by the proposed project. The other two sites,
however, occur east of the river along US 221 and are likely to
be affected.
We recommend that a detailed biological survey be conducted along
this section of the project. Given the large number of rare
mosses and liverworts found in this region, the biologist(s)
conducting this survey should be thoroughly familiar with
bryophyte identification. We also strongly recommend that the
alignments through this gorge follow the existing roadbed and
avoid disturbing new ground as much as possible.

.-,
�
,� \ �,�
. •�,,,..� ��• �
State of North Carolina q,,"� ��� ��' ,
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resc�pr es 1G ^��
DMSion oF Land Resources �U,g�� 1��
T�.
James G. Mardn, Govemor pxo�ecT xsv��,t ootu�rrrs CharleS�,4'�,ardner
VNlliam W. Cobey, Jr., SecretaryG `'� tor
Project Number: / �'002� County: _ /VI c �!r� � [ � �
Project Name: • Q � 2� .
Geodetic Survev
This project will impact geodetic survey markers. N.C. Geodetic .
Survey should be contacted prior to construction at P.O. Box�27687,
Raleigh, N.C. 27611 [phone]. Intentional destruction of a
geodetic monument is a violation of N.C. General Statute 102-4.
✓This project will have no impact on geodetic survey markers.
Other (comments attached)
For more information contact the Geodetic Survey office at [phone].
,o �� �
C� ��``"� %��,:.,...�
Revi— ewer -
Erosion and Sedimentation Control
No comment
7-/�_ �.�
Date
This project will require approval of an erosion and sedimentation
control plan prior to beginning any land-disturbing activity if more
than one (1) acre will be disturbed.
✓ If an environmental document is required to satisfy Environmental -
Policy Act (SEPA),requirements, the document must be submitted as part
of the erosion and sedimentation control plan.
✓
�
If any portion of the project is located within a High Quality Water
Zone (HQW), as classified by the Division of Environmental Management,
increased design standards for sediment and erosion control will apply.
The erosion and sedimentation control plan required for this project
should be prepared by the Department of Transportation under the
erosion control program delegation to the Division of Highways from the
North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission.
Other (comments attached)
For more information contact the Land Quality Section at [phone].
/,��-.-� 2�./��r� �/Z o/9�
Reviewer Date
P.O. Box 27687 • Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7687 • Telephone [phone]
M Equal Opportuniry Affirmative Actlon Employer

Griffiths Forestry Center
. 2411 Garner Road
Clayton, North Carolina 27520
July 16, 1993
�
MEMORANDUM
TO: Melba McGee
Policy & Development
FROM: Don H. Robbins �,1�
Staff Forester p
SUBJECT: DOT EA/Scoping for Improvements to US 221 From NC 226
Near Woodlawn to the Blueridge Parkway in McDowell
County (TIP # R-2596)
PROJECT: #94-0025
DUE DATE 7-30-93
This project will impact woodland and the Environmental Assessment
should contain the following information concerning the proposed
project: �
1. The total forest land acreage by types that would be taken out
of forest production as a result of this project.
2. The productivity of the forest soils�as indicated by the soil
series, that would be involved within the proposed project.
3. The impact upon existing greenways within the area of the
, proposed project.
4. The provisions that the contractor will.take to sell any
merchantable timber that is to be removed. This practice is
' encouraged to minimize the need for piling and burning during
construction. If any burning is needed, the contractor should
comply with all laws and regulations pertaining to debris
burning.

0
Page 2
5. The provisions that the contractor will take during the
construction phase to prevent erosion, sedimentation and ,
construction damage to forest land outside the right-of-
way and construction limits. Trees outside the
construction limits should be protected from construction ,
activities to avoid:
a. Skinning of tree trunks by machinery.
; b. Soil compaction and root exposure or injury by
heavy equipment.
c. Adding layers of fill dirt over the root systems of
trees, a practice that impairs root'aeration.
d. Accidental spilling of petroleum products or other
damaging substances over the root systems of trees.
We would hope that the project would have the least impact to
forest and related resources in that area.
DHR:la
pc: Warren Boyette � CO
File
�
0

ijp �; -{�•2S9e A� Federal�Aid � aHF - 2�t ��,� Councy �'�►abs..�ew
COYCURRENCE FORM
' FOR
PROPERI'IES NOT ELIGIBLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGIST'ER OF ffiSTORIC PLACES
Brief Project Description
u�i 221 Faop� tJ�2u aea.R r1••ou.aa to a•FrEk eF �+R-Irs7'�
On ���+ � 11��_, representatives of the
, ✓ North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDO'T}
Federal Highway Admi.nistration (FHwA)
✓, Norch Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) .
Other
reviewed the subject project at
A scopin� meetin; � .
_,� Histonc archi�ectural resources photograph review session/consultation
Other
All parties present agreed
there are no properties over fifty years old withi.n the projec:'s area of poten[ial effect.
i/ there are no properties less than fifty yeazs old wluch are considered to meet Criterion
Consideration G within the project's area of potencial effecc.
✓ there are properties over fifry years old "�� '-�-wichin the project's area of potential effect.
• but based on the historical information available and the phoco�raphs of each propercy, properties
identified as #- l �o ��v ia TuE P►�u.�4. ��roe+� aaatirecTUaA� suw,ey e�r Ga��a� �� �rwc. ia
considered not etigiole for the Nauonal Reg�ster and no turcher evaluauon or the�s necessary.
✓ there are no National Register-listed propercies withi.n the project's area of pocential effect.
Si;ned:
G�� ��f�. NG
Re�;� a e, NCDOT
, FI-i�vA, �the Di
�
��..�.��
Re�resentative, S:
Administrator, or other Federal A;ency
3•9 �s
Date
��
If a survey report is prepared, a final copy of this form and the �ttached list will be included.

�' AA7F o�
�����Y�
� �F' _ : �
� ��
�r+r �,oP'
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Govemor
Betty Ray McCain, Secietary
August 4, 1993
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
L. J. Ward, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
Department of ortation /
David Brook "�� G�� L
Deputy State �istoric Preservation Officer
Divisioa of Archives and History
William S. Price, Jr., Director
SUBJECT: US 221 from NC 226 to Blue Ridge Parkway, R-2596,
8.T871101, NHF-221(3), McDowell and Avery
Counties, ER 93-8667, CH 94-E-4220-0025
We have received information concerning the above project from the State
Clearinghouse.
Portions of this project area are considered to have a high potential for the location
of significant archaeological resources. This is especially true for those sections
which require new alignments. We, therefore, recommend that a comprehensive
archaeological survey be conducted to identify significant archaeological resources
prior to construction activities.
Ted Alexander conducted a reconnaissance level survey of historic structures in
both Avery and McDowell counties in 1985. We have conducted a search of our
maps and� files and have located the following structures of historical or
architectural importance within the general area of the project:
A. Billy McCall House. East side of SR 1569, 0.2 mile south of the junction
with US 221 and SR 1569, Asheford Community, McDowell County.
Samuel Brown House. West side of US 221, 1.1 mile south of the junction
with US 221 and SR 1572, McDowell County.
Jos. Gilkey-Brown House. West side of US 221, 1.0 mile south of the
junction with US 221 and SR 1572, McDowell County.
David Franklin Cabin. West side of Laurel Lane off US 221, 0.3 mile west
of the junction with NC 183, Linville Falls, Avery County.
Albert Franklin House. East side of US 221, just north of the junction with
NC 183, Linville Falls, Avery/Burke County line.
�
109 East Jones Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807 ��

L. J. Ward
August 4, 1993, Page 2
Blue Ridge Parkway. This property has previously been determined eligible
for the National Register of Historic Places. A National Register nomination
is currentl,y being prepared by the National Park Service for the Blue Ridge
Parkway.
We recommend that an architectural historian survey the area of potential effect
and report the findings to us. Please submit photographs--keyed to a map--of
structures over fifty years of age in the area of potential effect. Also include a
brief statement about each structure's history and explain which National Register
criteria it does or does not meet. Please note, our survey site files for the above
properties are located in the western office of the Division of Archives� and History,
telephone [phone]. Due to that office's staffing situation, we request that
you make an appointment to use these files.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966 and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's
Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley,
environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763. �
DB:slw /
cc: S ate Clearinghouse
N. Graf
B. Church
T. Padgett

S `r , r...Z�s.
SAi
�� !���
.,,�.:o.�
North Carolina Department of Cultural
James B. Hunt, Jr., Govemor
Betty Ray McCaio, Secietary
November 28, 1994
Nicholas L. Graf
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
Department of Transportation
310 New Bern Avenue
Raleigh, N.C. 27601-1442
Re: Historic Architectural Survey of US 221 from NC
226 near Woodlawn to north of SR 1569,
' McDowell, Burke, and Avery Counties, Federal Aid
No. NHF-221(3), State Project No. 8.T871 101, TIP
No. R-2596A, ER 95-7486 ,
Dear Mr. Graf:
��E� �� ��
� �
;
OEC 0 1 1994
Archives and History .
S. ��✓e�s1�',r.^�tor Q'
! HIGHWAYS �Q
���RONtJIE�P�
Thank you for your letter of September 12, 1994, transmitting the architectural
survey report by Marvin A. Brown and James R. Snodgrass of Greiner, Inc.,
concerning the above project. We regret the delay in our response, but we have
been minus the reviewer for transportation projects.
For purposes of compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act, we concur that the following properties are eligible for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places under the criterion cited:
William McCall Farmstead (�7), Criteria A and C
Samuel and Joseph Gilkey Brown Farmstead (#9), Criteria A and C
Henry Seawell Brown Farmstead (#13), Criteria A and C
Caldwell-Brown House (#14), Criterion C
McCall-Hefner House (#18); Criterion C
Concord United Methodist Church (#24), Criterion C
Gonnelly-Phillips House (#25), Criterion C
William Jehu English Farmstead (�28), Criteria A and C
Linville Falls Jail (#32), Criteria A and C
The following properties were determined to be not eligible for the National
Register of Historic Places:
�
109 East Joncs Svext • Ralcigh, North Carolina 27601•2807 �b�

Nicholas L. Graf
November 28, 1994, Page 2
Wiseman Family Corn Mill (#19)
North Cove Fork Bridge (#20)
Clarence W. Wiseman Store (#21)
Albert J. Franklin House (#35) .
Until additional information on the properties listed below is available, we are
unable to determine their eligibility:
Linville Falls Post office (#31) �
David Franklin Cabin (#36)
Our concerns about these properties are outlined in Attachment A to this letter.
Additional information about the Rock House Restaurant (#33) has been provided
to us since the January 4, 1994 meeting at which photographs of all properties
more than fifty years old were reviewed and it was agreed that ihe property did
not need to be addressed in the subject report. Based on this information which is
also outtined in Attachment A, we now believe the Rock House Restaurant is
eligible for the National Register under Criteria A and C.
While we understand the rationale used to define the boundaries of the properties
that are eligible for the National Register, we are unable to agree with them since
there is no clear relationship between the parcel boundaries and the proposed
National Register boundaries. Are there aerial photographs that can be used or is
it possible to overlay the sketch maps on the parcel boundaries so we can better
understand the relationship of the National Register proposed properties to their
surroundings?
� In general the report meets our office's guidelines and those of the Secretary of
the Interior. The concerns mentioned above are more fully outlined in Attachment
A which is enclosed for your use and the authors'.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966 and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's
Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley,
environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
Sincerely,
a� ���
��
David Brook
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
DB:slw

Nicholas L. Graf �
November 28, 1994, Page 3
Attachment
cc: ✓H. F. Vick
B. Church
Greiner, Inc.

ATTACHMENT A
US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to north of SR 1569,
McDowell County, Federal Aid No. NHF-221(31,
State Project N'o. 8.T871101, TIP No. R-2596A, ER 95-7486
Linville Falls Post Office (#31): Additional info�mation on the interior and history
of this building is needed to help determine its eligibility. Given the importance of
the local post office to a small town's social life and development, the fact that
this is one of only two surviving historic buildings constructed as a post office in
the county, and that it was a site into which federal funds were pumped during
the depression, we believe it may be eligible under Criterion A and the effects of
the later alterations and additions somewhat mitigated. Almost all historic post
offices have had their original boxes removed and lobbies altered to meet new
postal regulations. '.
David Franklin Cabin (#361: This property is puzzling. Although it has been
moved and altered, these changes date to the 1910s and may have, in the nearly
eighty years since, attained significance related to the Franklin brothers. Is there
information available to suggest the property is significant under Criterion B?
Rock House Restaurant (#33i:
This property was considered for the North Carolina study list in April and October
1994, and deferred for lack of information. Since then our staff has visited the
site and the owner has provided the following information which leads us to
believe the property is eligible for the National Register under Criteria A and C.
The property will be presented for the study list on January 12, 1995.
Architectural Integrity
The dormer was determined to be part of the original construction by a 1940 Tri-
County Newspaper article advertising the dance hall. The advertisement featured
a photograph of the dormer two years after its construction. In addition to
newspaper advertisements, verbal history from waitresses of the restaurant further
confirms the owner's claim that the dormer is a part of the original construction.
The structure has retained all of its exterio� features including windows and,doors.
The interior has been altered to adapt to health codes and other needs of a
functional restaurant. A small side bay was originally a meat market and grocery
store which was entered thcough a separate door on the front facade. After World
War II the restaurant expanded into the grocery area. Only the wall was removed
and the door to the exterior remained. The interior alterations were essential if the
function was to remain an eating establishment. Despite the alterations to the
interior the structure has retained a high level of architectural integrity through its
exierior appearance.
Social History
The restaurant was also found to have a deep social history in the community of
Linville Falls. The property was constructed in 1938 to provide a boarding house
and restaurant for tourist and stone masons working on the nearby Blue Ridge
Parkway bridges. In the first years the upstairs portio� of the restaurant was the

Page 2
home of the Italian stone masons that worked on the Blue Ridge Parkway bridges.
In the 1940s the upper portion of the restaurant was converted into a dance hall
and the Rock House became the center of entertainment for Linville Falls and the
surrounding area. At this time the community liquor laws were referred to as
"wide open" and with this came criminal activity. The social and geographical
aspects of the Rock House gave law enforcement agencies in the surrounding area
a strange predicament. The restaurant is placed on Avery, Burke, and McDowell
County lines giving an unclear understanding of the sheriffs's jurisdiction. The
placement of the restaurant was described by the locals as "no-man's land."
Many local residents and newspaper articles describe the events that have
occurred in Linville Falls and the Rock House Restaurant. Much of the history of
Linville Falls took place at the Rock House Restaurant. The restaurant remains a
key social aspect of the community.
The Rock House continues to serve tourists that pass through Linvilfe Falls. The
restaurant is the social center of the small mountain community. Magazines such
as Nationa/ Geographic Trave%r and the German publication Nationa/ Geographic
G/oba/ have recognized this site as a"must see" in American small town mountain
culture. �

e���
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(�a� ��
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Govemor
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary
January 26, 1995
Nicholas L. Graf
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
Department of Transportation
310 New Bern Avenue
Raleigh, N.C. 27601-1442
Re: US 221 from NC 226 to the Blue Ridge Parkway,
R-2596, McDowell and Avery Counties, ER 93-
8667, ER 95-7904
Dear Mr. Graf:
Division of Archives and History
William S. Price, Jr., Director
Thank you for your letter of November 15, 1994, transmitting the archaeological
survey report by Kenneth Robinson concerning the above pro�ect.
Seven sites (31 MC127, 197, 199, 202, 205, 207, 209) are described in this
report. Only 31 MC197 is recommended for additional testing to determine its
National Register eligibility. If found eligible, data recovery is the recommended
mitigation. We concur with this recommendation.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966 and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's
Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, '
environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
Sineerely,
/ `_
�
�Da�Brook
Deputy State Historic
DB:slw
cc: �-I. F. Vick
T. Padgett
� ,, �
_� , � �,�
Preservation Officer
109 East Jones Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807
� �J

Appendix C
Air Quality and Traffic Noise Data

TABI.E A1
CAL3QHC: iINE SOURCE DISPERSION MODEL - MARCH, 1990 V&RSION PAGE 1
JOB: R-2596: US 221, McDowell Co. RUN: BUILD, 5 LN/60' UNDIVIDED, YR 1997,55MPB
DATE: 06/25/1994 TIME: 00:13:55.47 �
v
SITE S METFAROIAGICAL VARIABLES
• VS = .0 CM/S VD = .0 CM7S
U= 1.O M/S CLAS = 6(F)
LZNR VARIABLES
e
ZO = 108. CM
ATZt4 = 60. MINUTES MIXH ° 400. M AMB = 1.9 PPM
LINR DESCAIPTION I LINK COORDINATE9 (M) LfiNGTH BRG TYPE VPH EF H W V/C QUfiUE
X1 Y1 X2 Y2 (M) (DEG) (�/MI) �M) �M) ��)
1. Far Lane Link
2. Near Lane Link
RECEPTOR LOCATIONS
11.0 -804.7
.0 804.7
11.0 804.7 1609. 360. AG 400. 15.9 .0 13.4
.0 -804.7 . 1609. 180. AG 400. 15.9 .0 13.4
COORDINATES (M)
RECEpTpR X Y Z
1. R2 80'L CL, Bus. -18.9 .0 1.8
JOB: R-2596: US 221, McDowell Co.
MODEi RESUI.TS
AEMARICS : In search of the angle corresponding to
the maximum concentration, only the first
angle, of the angles with same maximum
concentrations, is�indicated as maximum.
WIND ANGLE RANGE: 0.- 20. � .
WIND CONCENTRATION
ANGLE (PPM)
(DEGR) REC1
MAX 2.6
DEGR. � 4
RUN: BUILD, 5 LN/60' UNDIVIDED, YR 1997,SSMPH

TABLE A2
CAL3QHC: LINE SOURCE DI3PERSION MODfiL - MARCH, 1990 VERSION PAGE 2
JOB: R-2596: US 221, McDowell Co. RUN: BtJILD, 5 LN/60' UNDIVIDED, YR 2017,SSMPH
DATE: 06/25/1994 TIME: 00:O6:d8.75
SITE S METFbPOIAGICAL VARIABLES
vs = .o c►��s w = .o crVs
U= 1.0 M/S CI,AS = 6 (F)
LINR VARIAHLfiS
ZO = 108. (M
ATIM = 60. MINUTES MIXEi = 400. M AMB = 1.9 PPM
LINR DESCRIPTION I LINR COORDZNATES (M)
X1 Y1 X2 Y2
1. Far Lane Link 11.0 -804.7 11.0 80d.7
2. Nenr Lane Link .0 804.7 .0 -806.7
RECEPPOR LOCATZONS
---------- ° ------
COORDINATES (M)
RECEPTOR X Y Z
1. R2 BO'i CL, Hue. -18.9 .0 1.8
JOB: A-2596: US 221, McDowell Co.
MODEL RESULTS
REMAFiRS : In search of the angle correepondinq to
the maximum concentration, only the first
angle, of the angles with same maximum
concentrations, is indicated as maximum.
WIND ANGLE RANGE: 0.- 20.
WIND CONCENTRATION
ANQ,E (PPM)
(DEGR) REC1
MAX 2.7
DEGR. 6
LEN6TH BRG TYPE VPA EF H W V/C QUEUE
(M) (DEG) (G/MI) (M) (M) (VEH)
1609. 360. AG 750. 9.8 .0 13.6
1609. 180. AG 750. 9.8 .0 13.4
RUN: BUILD, 5 LN/60' IJNDIVIDfiD, YR 2017,55MPH
.

TABLE A3
CAI,3QAC: LINE SOURCE DISPEPSION MODEL - MARCH, 1990 VERSION PAGE 3
� •
JOB: R-2596: llS 221, McDOwell Co. RUN: NO-BLD, 2 LN.EXISTING 10' LNS. 1997
DATE: 06/25/199d TIME: 00:15:00.28
/
v
SITE & M1EfEOROIAGZCAL �1ARI11BLES
„ VS = .0 CM/S VD = .0 CM/S ZO = 108. CM
U= 1.0 M/S CLAS = 6(F) ATIM = 60. MZNUTES MIXH = 400. M AMB = 1.9 PPM
LINK VARIAHLES
i
�
LINR DESCRIPTION I iINR COORDINATES (M) LEN6TH BRG TYPE VPH EF H W V/C QUEUE
Xl Yl X2 Y2 (M) (DEG) (�/1'u) �M) (M) ��)
1. Far Lane Link
2. Near Lane Link
RECEPTOR LOCATIONS
3.0 -804.7
.0 806.7
3.0 806.7 1609. 360. AG d00. 15.9 .0 9.1
.0 -804.7 1609. 180. AG 400. 15.9 .0 9.1
COORDZNATES (M)
RECEPTOR X Y Z
R2 80'L CL, Bus. -22.9 .0 1.8
JOB: R-2596: US 221, McDowell Co.
MODEL RESULTS
gEMARKS : In search of the angle correspondinq to
the maximum concentration, only the first
angle, of the angles with same maximum
concentrations, is indicated as maximum.
WIND ANGLE ItANGE: 0.- 20.
WIND CONCENTRATION
ANGLE (PPM)
(DEGR) REC1 .
MAX 2.5
DEGR. 3
RUN: NO-BLD, 2 LN.EXISTING 10' LNS. 1997

TABLE A4
CAL3QHC: LINE SOURCE DISPfiRSION MODfiL - MARCH, 1990 VEPSION PAGE 4
JOB: A-2596: US 221, McDowell Co. RUN: NO-BLD, 2 LN.EXISTING 10' LNS. 2017
DATE: 06/25/1994 TIME: 00:08:17.24
SZTE S MELEOROLOGICAL VARZABLES
VS = .0 CM/S VD = .0 CM/S
U= 1.0 M/5 CLAS = 6(F)
LINR VARIABiES
ZO = 108. CM
ATIM = 60. MINUTES
LINR DESCRIPTION I LINR COORDINATES (M)
1. Faz Lane Yink
2. Near Lane I.ink
RECEPiY)R LOCATIONS
X1_ Y1 X2 Y2
3.0 -804.7
.0 804.7
3.0 806.7
.0 -804.7
COORDINATES (M)
RECEPTOR X Y Z
1. R2 80'L CI„ Bus. -22.9 .0 1.8
JOB: R-2596: US 221, McDowell Co.
NpDEL RESULTS
REMHRRS : In eearch of the angle corresponding to
the tnaximum concentration, only the firet
angle, of the angles with same maximum
concentrationa, is indicated as maximum.
WIND ANGLE RANGE: 0.- 20.
WIND CONCENTRATION
ANGLE (PPM)
(DEGR) REC1
MAX 2.7
DEGR. 5
MIXFi = 400. M AMB = 1.9 PPM
LENGfH BRG TYPE VPH EF B W V/C QUEUE
(M) (DEG) (G/MI) (M) (M) (VEH)
1609. 360. AG 750. 10.6 .0 9.1
1609. 180. AG 750. 10.6 .0 9.1
RUN: NO-BLD, 2 LN.EXISTING 10' LNS. 2017
•
�

TABLE N1
HEARZNG: &OUNDS BOI�IDARDZNG US DAILY
140 Shotqun blast, jet 100 ft away at takeolf PAZN
Motor test chamber HUMAN EAR PAIN TFIItESHOLD
130
Firecrackers
120 Severe thunder, pneumatic jackhammer
Hxkey crowd
Amplilied rock music UNCOhffORTABLY LOUD
110
Textile loom
100 Subway train, elevated train, farm tractor
Pawer lawn mower, newspaper press
Heavy city traffic, noisy factory LOUD
90
D Diesel truck 40 mph 50 ft. away
E 80 Crowded reataurant, garbage disposal
C Average factozy, vacuum cleaner
I Pasaenger car 50 mph 50 !t. away MODERATELY LOUD
B 70
S Quiet typewriter
L'60 3inging birds, window air-conditioner
S Quiet automabile
Normal conversation, averaqe office QUIET
50
Household refriqerator
Quiet olfice VERY QU2ET
40
Averaqe home
30 Dripping faucet �
Whisper 5 feet away
20 Ligdt raiafall, rustle of leaves
AVERAGE PEPSON'S TSRESHOLD OF HSARING
Whispes NST AUDIBLE
- 10
0 TffitESHOLD FOR ACUTE �ARING
Sourcea: World Book, Rand McNally Atlas o! the Human Hody,
Encyclopedia Amezicana, "Industrial Noiee and Hearinq
Conversation" by J. B. Olishifaki and E. R. Ftarford
(Researched by N. Jane Hunt and.publiahed in the Chicago
Tribune in an illustrated graphic by Tom Heinz.)

Activity
Cateqory
A
B
C
TASLE N2
NOZSE AHATEMENT CRITERIA
Sourly A-Weighted Sound I,evel - decibels (dBA)
Leq(h) Deacription of Activity Cateqory
57 Lands on which aerenity and quiet are of.axtraordinary significance and serve an important public
(Eycterior) need and where the preservation of thoae qualities is easential if the area is to continue to
serve its intended purposa.
67 Picnic azeas, recreation areas, playqrounds, active sports areas, parks, residences, motels,
(Exterior) hotels, achools, churches, libraries, and hoapitals.
72 Developed lands, properties, or activities not included in Categories A or B abwe.
(EXteiiOi)
D -- llndeveloped lands
E 52 Residencea, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches, librariea, hospitals, and
(Interior) auditoriume.
3ource: Title 23 Code of Federal Requlations (CFR) Part 772, U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration
l
DEFZNITION OF SUHSTANTIAL ZNCREASE
Hourly A-Weighted Sound Level - decibels (dBA)
Existing Noise Level
in I.eq(h)
< 50
> 50
Increase in dBA from Existing Noise
ievels to Future Noise Levels
> 15
> 10
Source: North Carolina Department of Transportation Noiee Abatement Guidelines.
►
.

t
�
TABLE N3
AMHZENT NOISE LEVELS
(�4)
US 221
Fra� NC 226 to SR 1569
McDowell County
TIPq R-2596A State ProjectH 8.TB71101
SITE LOCATION
1. US 221, .10 Mile North of NC 226
2. US 221, 1 Mile Weat of SA 1570
DESCRIPTION
Grassy
Graesy
NOISE
LEVEL
� �+)
66
67
Note:
The ambient noise level sitee were measured at 50 feet from the center
of the nearest lane of traffic.

TABLE N4
Leq TRAFFIC HOISE fiXP03URfiS
US 221; North of NC 226 to 3R 1569
McDawell County
TIP p R-2596A, State Pioject N 6.T871101
AMBIENT NEAREST
RECEPTOR INFORMATION NEAREST AOADWAY NOISE PROPOSED AOADWAY
ID N LAND USE CATEGORY NAME DZSTANCE(ft) LEVEL NAME DZSTANCE(ft)
Beginning to SR 1556
1 Buaineas C US 221
2 Buaineas C "
3 Busineea C "
SR 1556 to SR 1566/SR 1573
40 R 67 US 221 60 R
80 L 63 " 80 L
50 L 66 " 50 L
PRIDICTED NOISE LEVELS
-L- -Y- MAXIMUM
1/2
NOISfi
iEVEi.
INCREASE
--°---------------R/W--------------
- - * 71 + 8
-------------------R/W--------------
4 Reaidence B US 221 160 L 58 US 221 210 L - - 63 + 5
5 Residence B " 80 R 63 " 40 R -------------------R/W--------------
6 Reeidence B " 60 L 65 " 60 L -------------------R/W--------------
7 Residence H " 100 L 62 " 100 L - - * 70 + 8
8 Residence B " 170 L 57 " 170 L - - 65 + 8
Ba Residence B " 220 L 55 " 220 L - - 62 + 7
Bb Reaidence B " 250 L 53 " 250 L - - 61 + 8
9 Residence B " 70 i 64 " 70 L -------------------R/W-------------
10 Reaidence B " 70 L 66 " 70 L -------------------R/W--------------
11 Residence B " 70 L 64 "' 70 L -------------------R/W--------------
12 Aeaidence B " 70 L 64 " 70 L -------------------R/W--------------
13 Reaidence B " 70 L 64 " 70 L -------------------R/W-=------------
14 Residence H " • 70 L 66 " 70 L -------------------R/W--------------
15 Resldence B " 70 L 66 " 70 L -------------- ----R/W--------------
16 Reaidence B " 50 L 66 � �� 50 L -------------------R/w--------------
17 Reaidence B " 80 L 63 . " 80 L - - * 72 + 9
18 Residence B " 200 L 56 " 200 L - - 63 + 7
18a Residence B " 200 L 56 �� 200 L - - 63 + 7
19 Residence B " 200 I, 56 " 200 l - - 63 + 7
19a Residence B " 200 L 56 " 200 L - - 63 + 7
20 Res3dence B " 200 L 56 " 200 L - - 63 + 7
20a Residence B " 200 L 56 " 200 L - - 63 + 7
21 Residence B " 200 L 56 �� 200 L - - 63 + 7
21a Reeidence B 200 L 56 " 200 L - - 63 + 7
22 Reaidence B " 120 i 60 " 120 L - - • 68 + 8
23 Reeidence B " 100 R 62 " 100 R - - * 70 ♦ 8
24 Busineea C " 30 L 68 " 30 L -------------------R/W--------------
25 Reaidence B " 120 R 60 " 120 R - - * 68 + 8
26 Businesa C " 20 L 68 " 20 L -------------------R/W--------------
NOTE: Diatances are from center of the existing or proposed roadways. -L-=> Proposed roadway�s noise level contribution.
All noise levels are hourly A-weighted noise levels. -Y-=> Noise level from other contributinq roadways.
' Category E noise levels ahavn as exterior/interior (.58/68). *_> Traffic noise impact (per 23 CFR Part 772).
s
i

I v
i
r
t
TAHLE N6 � 2/2
Leq TRAFFIC NOISE EXPOSURES
IIS 221; North of NC 226 to SR 1569
McDowell County
TIP N R-2596A, 3tate Project N 8.TB71101
AMBIENT NEAREST NOISE
RECEPTOR INFORMATION NEARE3T ROADWAY NOISE PItOPOSSD ROADWAY PRIDICTED NOZSE LEVELS LEVfiL
ID N LAND USE CATEGORY NAME DZSTANCE(ft) LEVII, NAME DISTANCE(ft) -L- -Y- MAXIMUM INCREASE
SR 1556 to SR 1566/SR 1573 (continued)
27 Residence B " 160 L 58 " 160 L - - * 66 + B
SR 1566/SR 1573 to SR 1569'
28 Reaidence B US 221 90 R 6d US 221 90 R - - • 64 + 5
29 Busineas C " 360 R 51 " 360 R - - 56 + 3
31 Aesidence B " 100 L 63 " 130 R - - 65 + 2
32 Residence B " 130 L 61 " 80 R - - " 69 + 8
NOTE: Distances are from center of the exieting or proposed roadways. -L-=> Proposed roadway'e noise level contribution.
All noise levels are hourly A-weighted noise levels. -Y-=> Noise level from other contributing roadways.
Category E noise levels ehown as e�cterior/interior (58/48). �_> Traffic noiae impact (per 23 CFR Part 772).-

' TABLE H5
Leq TRAFFIC NOISE EXP0.SURES
US 221; North of NC 226 to SR 1569, MeDavell County
TIP q R-2596A, State Pioject q 8.T871101
Maximum Predicted
Leq Noiee 7.evele
dBA
Deacription 50' 100' 200'
1. Beginning to 3R 1556 72 67 62
2. SR 1556 to SR 1566/SR 1573 71 67 62
3. SR 1566/SR 1573 to 3R 1578 69 64 59
Contour
Dietancea
(Maximum)
72 dBA 67 dHA
75' 136'
86' 147'
<66' 111'
Approximate Number of Impacted
Receptors According to
Title 23 CFR Part 772
A B C D fi
0 0 1 0 0
0 5 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
� TOTAL 0 6 1 0 0
HOTEB - 1. 50', 100', and 200' distances are meseured from center of nearest travel lane.
2. 72 dHA and 67 dBA contour distances are measured from center of propoaed roadway.
TABLE N6
Leq TRAFFIC NOISE E�0.5URES
US 221; North of NC 226 to SR 1569, McDowell County
1 TIP N R-2596A, State Project q B.T871101
R6CEPTOR E�CCSRIOR NOI3E LfiVEL INCREASES
Section <=0 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-20 >= 25
1. Beginning to SR 1556 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
2. SR 1556 to 3R 1566/8R 1573 0 0 16 0 0 0 0
3. SR 1566/SR 15�3 to 8R 1578 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 0 2 16 0 0 0 0
(1) As defined by only a aubstantial Increase (See bottom of Table N2).
(2) Ae defined by both criteria in Table N2.
Subetantial
Noise Level
Increasea(1)
0
0
0,
0
Impacte Due
to Both
Criteria(2)
0
0
0
0
1
•
i
1

��
� �
�-
)AMES B. HUNT, )R
GOVERNOR
�
.����
�� W ° A
� Van �
•� QNr� �•
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DN(SION OF HIGHWAYS
P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 276ll-5201
May 11, 1995
Mr. Eric Galamb
DEHNR - Div. of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1148
Dear Mr. Galamb:
R. SAMUEL HUNT I I•I
SECRETARY
� RECEj�EO
�'�� � T 199S
E��ONA�NrA ySCIENCfS
SUBJECT: Federal Environmental Assessment for US 221, From NC,�226 to north
of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road), McDowell County, State Project
No. 8.T871101, Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3), R-2596A
Attached is a copy of the Environmental Assessment and the Natural
Resources Technical Report for the subject proposed highway improvement. It
is anticipated this project will be processed with a"Finding of No
Significant Impact"; however, should comments received on the Environmental
Assessment or at the public hearing demonstrate a need for preparing a Draft
Environmental Impact Statement you will be contacted as part of our scoping
process.
Copies of this Assessment are being submitted to the State
Clearinghouse, areawide planning agencies, and the counties, towns, and
cities involved.
Permit review agencies should note it is anticipated Federal Permits
will be, required as discussed in the report.
Any comment you have concerning the Environmental Assessment should be
forwarded to:
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P. E., Manager
Planning and Environinental Branch
N. C. Division of Highways
P. 0. Box 25201 '
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Your comments should be received by June 29, 1995. If no comments are
received by ttiat date we will assume you have none. If you desire a copy of
the,"Finding of No Significant Impact," please so indicate.
NFVi:pl r
�
9
Sincerely,
. Fran �i�n Vi c, . E. , Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
�
���
�

.,
r�v�
�c,r t � `� .
�� ��-- ?�
'�' �
.q � �.
STATE OF NORTH GIROLWA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT. JR
GOVERNOR
MEMORANDUM TO:
ATTENTION
FROM:
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
P.O. BOX 2�201. RALEIGH. N.C. 27611-5201
August 24, 1994
Linwood Stone, Unit Head
Project Planning Unit
Mark Reep, P.E., Project Manager
Project Planning Unit
SA,�1 HUNT
SECRETARl'
.7anet L. Shipley, Environmental Biologist
Environmental Unit
SUEJECT: Natural Resource Technical P.eport for the
Proposed Widening of US 221, from NC 226 to
SP. 1569; T.I.P. R-2596 A; McDowell County;
State Project NO. 8.T871101; F.A. Project
N0. NHF-221(3)
The rollowing Natural Resources Technical F.eport has
been prepared following a field survey conducted by
Environmental Unit Staff August 5, 1994. ?lease note that
sedimentation corltrol guidelines for High Quality waters
(HQW) must be implemented during the construction phase of
the subject project. If you have questions or need
additional information, please give me a call.
cc: V. Charles Bruton, Ph.D
M. Randall Turner, Environmental Supervisor
File: R-2596A
�

�
ll'i�i:^,1^ O? ��� _=�
. i v !'. i � _. „ �� :. Q � �.�'. i � (j C;
�;:.rJp«'E' i I CCL'^ � �"
T.I.P. �o. k-��96.,
State Project \O. S.TS-iiUi
Federal Aid \U. \H�-?"_(31 _
�
� NATURAL RESOURCE TECHNICAL RE°ORT
0
R-?�96.�
\OfiTH C.-�F.OL I�A DEP.�RT:�tE\T OF TR.�\ SPOF,T.-�T I O\
DI�'ISiO� OF HIGH�t'.��S
PLA\\ I\G A\D E\�'I �:0\�ir.\TAL BR:�'�CE'�
E\� i F,O�ti(E\T�L U\ IT
J:1\E'T L. SHIPLEI'
.�u�ust 199•-:

T_',���:_ O:- :.'r�\�: `.\' �
0
!.0 �ncrociLCt:��n ...........................................'_
' � . 1 '�TCJ°C� LJ�SC?'li�:l0:? . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
l.� �llI'�OS° ...........................................!
1.� StUC��'.�iec1 ........................................1
1.4 �!ethodolo�� ........................................1
?.G Biotic Resources .....................................'
?.:. Plar,t Communities ...............................?
?.? �1'ildlife-Terres�rial ........................... �
.�
?.3 .�qua:ic Life ....... ............................�
?.-� Biotic Fesource Impacts .........................�
�.0 Ph��sical Fesources ...................................-
3.1 Soils and Topo�rapht� .............................-
3.? ��'ate� Resources ..................................-
3."?.1 �later Resource Impacts .....................9
.0 Sc?ecial Topics ........................................°
-�.1 Jurisidictionai ��'a:ers of the United States......y
'!.1.1 Permits ...................................10
�.1.? :�'it:�ation ................................10
Y.? h:are and Pro�ec:ed Saecies ......................10
�.=�.1 Federa!i�� °ro�ECted Soecie� ...............i0
a.=.? Federa� Candidate/Stace Protecred Species.i�
�.0 Reierence� ...........................................1�
:',PP��DI �: .� - �atura i �.esoui CE _7�E.RC�" COfTiRiRe : s

�a
!.0 INTRUDUCTIO!�
The io_'_o«ir:�� `�U_�-a. R��,o�___s T?�r�,.c.'t_ �� _.. .s
�Jrt'I�dI'2G� �O cSS'_St ::1 ::�� :J:°D::..:1::T1 C: a _..;.__'5:,� �" :ii[:CE:
t.il�-1I�0(ifTle:ltR1 .�tiSE.'SS,^ICP.� ��:�).
1.1 Proiect Descriptio
The proposed project �re��ides for impro�-ec tra:fic
carr�-in� capacit�- or US ?�1 from �C ?'� near ��`oor_ia�ti�^ to SF:
1��9 near \orth C'o�-e. �tcDo«�e: � Count��. The proiec: cai ls fo:
upRradin� the e�istin� t«o-1ar.� road�i���- �o a TIIUltl'ane
i aci 1 i t�-. in�-o l��in� some ne��� locat ion. Con;binat ions oi f��ur-
Iane and fi�-e-:ane�t�-picai seccions ar� proposed throe�nout
tne project. Tota� project len�t�,�s �.? �.m l�.� mi:es).
1. Fi�-e-:anes «�itn shouiciers are nronosed from \C ?_'b
project timit co 0.? km (O.Y milel nortn o: �C '_'S.
Pronosed r��ht-oi-«�a�� «idth t-aries from Y?. - to 1G-.- rr
(1�0 ta ��O�feetf. �
'. Four-lane d:videci «�i�h a �.- m(�? rc) median �:s n:onosed
irom 0.' �:m (0.-' mi!e) nortn o? �C '?6 to S� ?��6.
t'�TOnOSt,'U r1�Clt-02—�`c1�' «`iCiLh varies rI'OfTI i�i. ) LO i�l. � il
(�30 t� ��C f:1.
�. Four- i ane Cl :� iCEG «' i � Il d != (11 i-'�G `; ) �= assed �;CC':' c'_il 1 S
rronesed � rom �R 1=�G to SR 1�6�). P:o�osed ri�n.-ef-���a��
1��idch �-aries ?-om =�S.S tc 195. � m! 160 to c;�G I t).
!.' Purpose
The �urnose o� this technical renor: is to desc:i�e t^e
na�Lrai s��stems tound ��itnin tne p:ojecc are�. and to docume��
:rob�ble imnacts to these s��stems.
1 .3 Stur.v Area
Snbject project is iocatec in rural �icDo«�e11 Count��.
iocated in che �,ountain ?n��sio�ra:�n�c Fro��ince becween the
To«�ns oi �;'oodla«�n ar,d �orth Co��e (=i�. 1). �ne immediate
project t-icinit�- area is primarii�- aban:oned pasture, iorest.
and li�ht residentiai anci commercial de�-elo�ment.
i.4 Methodoio
.�,n ecolo�icai sur��ev was conducted .�u�usc �. 199� to
identi��� ve�etati�-e communities and «�ilciiie spec?es
cor,tair,ed «�ithin ::-ie project dL�Ec1. ��enetati��e communi:ie�
and «�iidii?e «�ere in�-entoriec and map?ed durin� or.-sit�
surre��s. «'etiands we?�e identified. usin� m�thocs in tnE
Corns cf Er.Rineers «`eL 1�RCiS Dei in�at ion �tanual ( i9S-? .

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��151�. ..^.c, ..S::S L.:;!� Sv,.L�E•--c.:�.. C'.�G .-i5'?:_.�.. C�Li�:c:2P,`__:
fT13 ;� S . �. P, :. : [; e ,^: -�' � i- I C ti 0 i ! � : ? _ � : O : ��? ;. _ i'J �t �� i ? '�' : L: ; '_ �' `.l � .- �.
S�::C;CC CO i:tt'rl:li�' i�Qrt'.i.Llcll \4C:!S:G S:i:'S. ,C:'�
infermation ���as abt� ined fror� t�e Soii C:onser�:at:on Ser�-:c�
(SCS) in �;cDo«�ei': Coun:��. The c:��-:ronmentai Ser.siti��i.�� Base
�1ap ior �icDo«�ell County ��as utiiized to dete_r�ine iI an��
sensici��e resources are present in :he project a;ea.
"Classifications anC «'ater Qualit�- Standards .�ssi�ner. to �he
�'aters of :�le Cata���ba Fi�-er Basir" (�.C. Dent. oi
En��ironment . Heai tr anci �atuz�ai F.esaurces )��:as censui ted to
r�etermine the oest usa�e c,iass�fication ior a,ea s,reams.
`:.C. �atural :-ierita�e Pro�ram (�C\HL; anci Fish and �1'ildlife
Ser�-ice (F�t�S) files �iere re�-ie«�ed to decermir.e ii any
protected or rare fiora or fauna occurs in the project area.
�.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES
Discribution and co�T�position oi biotic resources
throu�hout tne proiect area re�lect LoaoRran��c posiLioninr.
n��drolo�ic iniluences. and pas: and nresent iand use
practices. Ter�estriai tiiiid!:`e is adcr�+ssec senaratei��.
ratner :h2n in tne conte�t of biotic cemm�:niti�s. ��"iic?:if�
o�ser� eci durin� f ieid in�-es: i�a: ions are der.oted b�� ( X) in
�he te�:. Common �nd scientiiic .^.ames are �ro�-ir;ed ior each
snecies ':istec:. In subseauen: reierences to tne same
or�anism. oni�� the common name is �i��en.
_'.l Plant Communit
The
c�as�ure
icrest.
E�ro iect
Riparian
profiie
mociified
«�eakle��
p?-oject area is :ural . ecnsis: ing �rima� i i�� ci
iand. priti-ate res:dences and Rii�ed pine/nard«�ood
cour ;�1ant communities «�e:e identilied in the
��rea: �taincained. ��1ited H�rbaceous .�ssembla�e.
Frin=e. and Ca}:/HicE:or�- Forest. \aturai communit��
e°scrip:ions. whe�e appiicabi_e. �a��e oeen acopter� and
irem t^e `:C\HP classification scheme (SChafale anc
1990).
'�!aincained Communi�ies
Fesidential la�ins. pasture land and z-oadside shoulcers
constitute maincained communities,in the project area. in
tnis communit�- man's structures or acc:�-ities precIur.e
natural plant succession. Scatterea :�omes are i*�cerspersec
�;�ith lar�e �-e�etable �ardens. woocilots. sma! i acrea�es of
Cnristmas tree Iarms and pasture. �taintained ;a«�ns support
turf (Festuca sp.) as the dominant �-e�etatic-e componerit.
complem°nted «�itn landscape ornamer.tais sucn as red mapie
(:�cer rubrum) . cioR�{�ood (Cornus f ioi�ici�.; .�nd rose aa�-
(Rhodoclen:ror ma�imum). Pasture iar,d is cor�pr:sed oi :�scue
and clo�-ers (Trifolium s�n.).

�
�:S:L;i�E'C' �!Ci�:�R�E�.iiS ��;tie�'l:�:c1^_�
T tl E' \- C �' : ; 21 ; ; O Cl C I i }1 ': S � O:� i I?1 L' : i : ' _ .... .. _ 'i S L ., _: :' _ iTl" 1 , : �� .l i .`1 � I' C- -: .
�1'1�:; i855 :C12T1 "J t?°I'C�:'1: CC�'„ Oi c!1`L'��. T�1S C��;i;illr'_L�' :S
con;Urised oI abandoneG a�*ricu: ;ura: 2 ie'.cs. r.<<:e� : ine cutti. �.^r
nasture !ands «�hicn n���e been ai io�cer. to re�-e�e.BLE na.urai i��.
i��nical o: earl�- sta�es of succession. :7ese a;eas a:e characceriz��c:
b�� nlants that hat-e shert 1i;e c�•cies. Tnis t�•pe o: comrnunit�� is
conside:ed the initial phase of re�-��eta:ior;. or successi�nai sta�e
thac ciereloi�s in a hi�hl�- disturbed 2rea. •
Com;non p:ant sn�cies include brooiT;-sed�: (.�nr.rono�cn
�ir�inicus). daise�� (Chr�•santhemum leLC�u^�nemuml. :rumpet
��ine (Camnsis radicans). ��etcn (��iccia sn.). do�-fennel. and
rabbit tobacco (Gnaphalium ob:usifoiium). Grasses make u� a
larse component oi this comn;unit��. Tynical �epresentati�°es are crab
�rass (Di�icaria sanauina!is). panicum lPar.icum bosci:l. pasnalum
(Pasnalum dilatatum). Bermucla �rass (Cvr.oc:on dactvion) �nd bent
RTCZSS (A�rostis Sp.). ,
�:i��arian 1: in�,e forest
Riparian frin;e forest is seascnaii>� to interr„ittentl}�
flooded. a^d is confined to stream and ri�er emban�:ments.
.-�i luvial soi ls su�oort a canon�� of s�-camore (Pla:anus
occicentai is }, I•eci maple (.�cer rubrum) . and c��i ip tree
(Li:�iociendron tuliUifei�al. 31ac1: �+atnu: lJu�i�r.s ni�ra; is
scatcered tt;rou�hout. Black «�i11o�ti� (Sa:i� ni�ra) iorr:s a
tnict: subcanoU�'. These meist-to-��:ec cenditions supnort
herbaceous plants such as im�:atiens (Impa�iens ca::ens_s).
fa:se nettle (Boehmeria cvlindrica). .i��e-n��e-«�eed !�_ui�a.arium
rraculzcum). sEnsitive fern (Unoclea sensibiiis). and iron«�eed
(�:'ernonia noveboracensis). ,
Oal:-H i ckor�� Fores t
Oai:-F�ickorv forests are the orincipai communi�ies
:ra�ersed in areas of ne�r locaLion. The ciosed-to-some�ti�hat open
canopies on rid�ecops are doininated by �ero���-tic species sucn
as �vhite oak (Quercus alba). associated ci�itn species such as
scarlet oak (c�. coccineaf. black oa:� l� ti-elutir,a). anci pi�nut
i:ickor�� (Car�a �labra). ��'hite pine tPinus stroous) is scactered
:nrou�hout, probably indicative of nast disturbances. Un
sneiterer. slopes. mesic species occur. such as Canadian hemlock
�lTscz�a canaciensis) beech (�a�t!s �ranciifolia), anc� umbre:la t:ee
(�^a�nc! ia ; raseri ). Red maple and sour«�ood (0�:��dendrum arnoreum)
are pre�-aient in the uncierstor��. A thic�: shru� later is
cnaracterized b�� mountain laurel (I�almia lati:olial. roseba�-
(Rhododenr:ron ma�imuml and blueberry (��accinium sp.)
. A ciiverse herb la�rer is principal lti� compriser. of partridre
ber:v (�titchella renensl. �aia� (Gaia� ap7��lla). Chr�str,as iern
(Fol��s;ichum acrosticnoides?. and heart �ea: (He�:astviis sp.}.
�ne narasitic herb. Indian pine (',iono.ro�a :�do:-a�a1. is sca�tereci

�
Li`:iC��':�li,.� ._._"_l CO::i:ii'_.._ `'. c'-_ _., �C:l.:.. �:�il�: _ �`� 'i :r'�- -�Z- ,
�t� :"? _ C Cl _ S ' � . c`: 5 _ : _ C O il � C ; O . � Q . C ?� � E' � . _ - - . . � _ .. . �' �� �. .. 5 .
-ii. _r� � _ �ti � 1tl" i"�:. i�tL _Oi: ';�i . `1� tlC'�:�'�_' �C•�?1G:i::l _.t, JCC.._ S C-'
�'::i�l� [T12.�' ;�e QC'Ci1;i:1C ;lfil�'S:one. T:�is �l'P.:�e Oii;'�I'V:�;�iP.�_' Oi 'iCC�
occurs ir t;^e .-ic:ni _�� �_�f �. �'i and �R i��G. :� cc-dcr�in::�nt cc�zo^�-
i s compr iseci oi su_ar ma�� i e ;:�cer saccha: um i a;;c rocti
chestnut ea�: (t)uercus rnontana). Red cc;r�ar ;.Tun:�erus �-:�=;r,ianal
occurs sporar:ica! 1��. BIac1�_ �+�ainut anci cninquapin (Cninauanin
s�umi'ai are founci in r�o�e mesic conditions a: tne b�se oi tne
siope.
_'._' �t'iid:i�e
Tnc semi-rurai nature of the project area. com�ined �i�ith a mi�
of ��iant co�r,�unit�� pa�te:r,s, pro�-ide a��ariet�•� oi opportunities ior
�-arious iorms oi mobile �cildiiie. Forested
;rac:s hace z11 t�e necessar�� com?onents (:ooe. �vater, protec:�t-e
co�-era�e) to �upnort a number oi sma!1 and larre mamr�als.
inclur.in� bl�1Cn bear (Ursus americar.us). �ch:�e-tailed dee�
lOcioco � iees �-i: �iniana ), ; accoon ( PrOC�'OIl lo:or ). striped s�:un;:
!'�ieohitis [iIGD��itis). �ra�� sa�:i:rei (Sciurt:s ca-o!ir.ensis).
�i•oodchuck !�larmota mona� ). and eastern cot tor.tai ! t S�.�! ��i i2�us
fioridanusi.
Biack bear reed :ar�e areas of refu�e. �enerai't� «�ith
.nici� ior�st co��er «�rich is inaccessibie to humans.
Comrrents � �orr� Steahanie Goudreau. �tountain �e^ion
Co�rdinator ir, the Habitat Conser��acion �romram («'hC1. scaces
:7ac �i�ider,:nr the roaci��a�� in thi� area has c7e potential to
imp�ct :7e :�sident black i�ear ��0�,*JL�c1C10[l. lC1E elistin� rcar.«�a��
nisec;s t'r.� [.'.S. =orest Ser��ice (C;SFS} Granc?fat7er �an_er Distric�
«�here oear der,sities are hi�n. �{idenin� the roaC«�a�: «�iii imnact
oear mo�-ement to some cie�ree and �vi l l 1 i�:e i�� incre�ase hi^_h���a�
mortal i :��.
«�hite-taiied deer pre�ers a_-eas of mi�ed a�e-star,ds o:` fore�t.
i�L�i'S_�2LS�Ci �i'1L!1 ODECI 1dP.CIS. IL 1S I�i1tT1�I'll�` Z C?'znUSCllia;
nerbivore. ieedir,R on heros. mast, and a�riculcural c:�ons. Deer
�i�r, anr. si�n:in�s �ti°e:e common in a1! habiLats.
Birds are the most conspicuous fauna encountered in
faresten tracts_ The rub}-throated nummin�bird (Arcnilocnus
coluhris) mad� se�eral close apnearances. consumir,� nectar
irom tne tui�uiar �iowers or ba�� rose. The ruious sir.ed
to«�hee (Pioilo•er��throphthalmus) is �°er�� common as is the
reu-e� ed �� i rea (�� i�eo 0 1 i ��aceus 1. Both are rea� i': �� obser��ed
1[l i 01'2Stt'C1, t18.b1 t��tS .
Birds obser�ed in maintained communi�ies. «°hicn are
vear-round residents. are t7e �.merican �oidiincn* iCardueiis
:riscis;. 5UI1°_ saarro«� (:�?e'_asniza me!odia). ar.ci .american
cro«��^ (Cor��us oracn��rn��ncnosl. .� pair oi c=urdinais*
(Cardinalis cardinatis) �iere observed =n ar�a ia�t�ns. pirc:s

;
Oi _)rn�• S'.:C.. :-tS Lilt-. `�)O�F'_ S:i��'..: .=�C� I: 'E_'_� C'lC^,-__ .
:�Rlei 1Cc1P. �_E'S �i E'! ( ��'.�CC� �I7�i �'eI'lU5 ? . �.:,1-S:tv`L:Q�. °_:i i c:�':F:
(�:ii°C ilil�%:ia1�. dCC7 :EC:-id1iE':. :i��i'c= iFi'_"<_'O � :i:?'15?Si c':':�
E'.l"DeCLEC�i LO O:CUi CFL'i :CICSE' 01��;P. ic?I]Clti. Pi::�'!P.^ :�P, il';G�?il:S.
snanes. fI0°_S. CIc�'f1SC1. anci SO?:�__TiJl:ds. �ianz� ec.S:��P.
eottontaiis «�ere obser�-ec. nro�-icin� a.eacii:_ :�-ai:a�v'e fe�c�
source for bi:ds of nre�-.
Streams in the area. oro��iGe �reer.in� ooporcur,ities for
man�• amphibians. Amphibiar,s. in particular. are hi�hi�-
«�ater-dependent for comc:letion of larval sta�es ir. their :i:'e
c��cle. Tne t«�o-lineG SS11R1871CIeI'" (.Eur�'cea bi�'in�atal R12.\' De
a common resident. li�-in� in seepa��:s and s:reams t�rou�hout
tne project area. S1im�� ��.:amanders* (Plethodon Rlutinosus)
«•ere found under lo^� in areas of moist. steep side siopes.
\'umer�::s \orthern duskys* (D�smo�nathus fuscus) ���ere caotured
in P��per Cree�:. It is a ti-ery abunr�ar,t saiamander in streams
and «�ooded rati•ines. Tne red bat (Lasiurus boreaiis). and
evenin� bat (���cticeius nLmeralisl are likeiy to occur in the
stud�� area. fora�in� o�-er mountain streams. consum�n� moths.
iiies. beetles. crickets. and other insec:s.
?.? Aqua:ic Life
T'tle \ortn Fori: Cata�vba Ri��er and its :: ibutaries suppert
a di�-erse aqua:ic commur,it�-. �iF.el�� :isn te De iound i.^.
tnese cooi waters are t7e centra! stone~oiier fCampos�oma
anoma!um?. :antaii ciarLer (Etneostoma f!abeliare). g:eer.he�c
snir,er f�oti-onis chiorocenha;us). a-arpaint sniner !�.
COCCO�'°I11S ), C�Ic1C!LIlOSe Uc1Ce ( FC11P.? CI'1LP.1' S3LI'^c.CLi � L'S ) �:OS�'S1(1e
dace (C:inostomus funduioides). and northern ho� sucE:e:
(H�.-��entel i�am ni�ricans ). Common �ame i ish inciude tne
rainuo�;� trout fOncorh��ncnus mvkiss). and bro�in trout (Sa;mc
�:-ut;a1. La:re numbers oi redb:east sLnfish (Lepomis
auri�us) �nd other pan fish are common (^ers. co;rm. tiobert
Bro«�n. Gt'F,C Asst . Fisneries Biolo�ist ). Food sources are
�enerall�r cerrestrial and aquatic inrert�brates: nrincipaii�'
ins°c�s, detr:tus. and ber.thic o:Ranisms. Aouncant or commor.
bert;tes ir, these cool. lotic c��aters. include caddisll�es
(R~��aco�ria ��upnines). (41ic:asema oennetti?. and
(Brach��cercus sp.); ma��Ilies (�eop7eme;a prupu;eal. lE�eor�:s
spp). anci stoneflies (Pe:tonerla sg.l.
?.3 Bictic Cornmunit� Imnacts
Project construction on ne��� ai i�nmer,t «�i l i. e! iminate.
portions of forested communities and degrade t�:ese
commur.iLies b�' h3bitat fra�mentation. Loss oi nabi�a� is
li�e1�- .o reduce tne number o: ar,:mals �c;�ic'r. re�.�• on �:�etie
corrcnunit:es for snelcer and fora�in� ;;abita�. Less oi
7aoitat a:,d =ra,mer,ta� ior. can cause a cisr�pt ior. o? �o��
snort-�erm (diurral. noctu:na:1 m:�ra�ior,s. znd '.cn� term
sEasonai mi�:ations ci a:�i�al nt;nu:�::ons. r:eaendin� on
ir:dit-idual spec:es ;etiui;emen.s tor tood. ��ater. and co��er.
i

,
: i i. . � . . .. . ... - r " [: _ _ �� . i .`: i � � �
. . � _ 1 '_ . C � � ( _ � 1 C. � . . _ � _ . >
__ _ �_._ � S cC-_-' -
�
a.so �� --.�--: ;__. _._. _�. ,_.._..__.�._
���1:_ i.CL.�i;$C .��..:`i1�:�_� i. _..�.c�:..�_.i_, ..
_:?i��1CLS CliE ,.O T1"1� 1�I�' JCS�CI �1'i__�..1. ',t'. . . DL . _ . ,�C:�Ct
1[1 ::;'.', CI'eS:10i1 O: i]t'�l' Rdbi :c: ci�C: i,^, .: t' c! te=2.: i0i1 ::!1C.
�i1CT1:T1c1LiOP� Oi �re��iousi�- e�is�lLl� [11�i��:t. �L'S�Cr;_irEc.T1.
burT�o«in� anr: S10«` [TIC��lI]°_ o��ar:isr�s �ci:. �e eiirni*ia.ec.
i.a:�er. ras�er animals «�ill be ciispiaced.
The ioss and de�radation o? «�iid:iie ra�it��.
par�:cuiarl�- for aquatic s^ecies. are serieus :m:.ac�s that
w:ll res�lt Irom clred,in�, i ii' ir.�. cLlt'er: riaCemer.t
o:�e:ations, s!ope stabilization anr: land clearin�. These
constructicn actit-i:ies resuit :n the di=ect iess o? DEnL:�ic
or�anisms and an increase in s:it ioad in �ti��tlanc'./suuacic
ent-ironments. tifobiie aaua:ic or�anisms are �e�ter abie to
a�-oid ir�pacts. tnan those sc�ecies tnat a:e i i lter � eeders
and,/er reiati��el�- immobiie. Tne :emo��a: oi ber,t::ic orcanisms
reci�,:ces .h� potential Iood supp!�� Ior ��er:eb:a:e anc; auuat:c
oL^anis�s.
Si t tac ion nas man�� ad�-e1 se ir^�acts or, aau�: ic �r^an: sms :
C1�C=°dSeS :[12 QzU��'1 Cf �1�7i neneLl'8L10i1 lllillDiL1P.� p c'?!lt and
aiaal ^rc«-�t,. «hic'r, is a food source: c1o�s tne i i L.ra�ion
ao:;ar�:tus o1 ?i!ter-feedin� benthos and the Riiis oi iish:
bLi1CS hE:`1�i11C O:'O_c'iillSfilS 1^ Ir° C;?S2L':'�'J.°.G S�DSLit1C`.'. C',1'�Lii;°_
tnem off .rorn a?ood source: �crerse:� mod::ies �r�ferreci
�enthic subsc,�ate: and sooils cio���nst:cam sna�vnin� :�eds ior
Iis�.
The m��jorit�� of crossin�s are intermi:tenc strearr;s.
P!anninR c:,nst:uction durin� dr�- str�am times �rou�c mir:im:�e
an� no*entiai impacts to tnese s��ster,�s.
Tabie 1 summarizes potential Iosses from proposec
a;cject co�scruction. Calculations are baseci or riR�t-ot-«a�
iimits oi 1--'.0 to ��0 Iz (Y?.- to 16;.- m)
Tabie 1. A\TICIPATED BIOTIC CO�tyili�I �1" IMP.�C�S
,
COh!MUN I TY I MPACTS
, __ __ Hectares (Acres)
�;aintained Commur.i�tv � - , 30.i ( ��._�)
:�ti�ed Herbaceous Assembla�e ?Y.0 (60.G1
--- ._.
R-i p ar-i�an" �Fr-i n� e � b. 6 (: �.�}
Oa::-Hicb:or�� Forest -.? ( 1S. 1 ;
TOTAL 6'.9 (16).Sl

: . �� PHYS I CAL RESOL:RCLS
�.: Soils and Topo�raph�-
L���nR «�ithin �he �toun.air, Soi: ..=-Rier.. su:;�je�: �:o�ect
is �vit:^,in�tne r3road casir.s. Ri�"E.':' TE:races 1P.C� ��ooc Piain
Soil S�•stem. Tnis intermour.�air. �asin �s con;_.osed ci !c�c
mountai:,s, discont:nuous r:��er L2tiaces. and i:ood pi�:ins.
\arro�i rid_^_es and steep siGe slenes occur in so,,�e areas a:
ma�imum eie�-a:ions oi �S� m l!�00 :t}, but tne major ro�:ion
oi subject projec:. lies ir, tne \orth Ferl� Cata�v�a Ri�:er : iood
plain characterized 'o}� lo«� reiiei.
Rosman loam and Evard soils are the princi_r.al ma^oin�
units �vithin Lhe stud�- area. F.osman toam consists o: deep.
���ei i drained. reari�� le��e1 soi 1s on f lood nlair,s adjacent to
5treams. «rniie E��ard. soi.s a�e :ypicaii�- cn smoe�n. iooc
slopes. �either are classified as hyciric soils.
3 . �� GUater Resources
Thirteen ti�a.erbodies are ir�ercepted h�� subjec: projec�
b�• ��av oi brid�es and cuil-eres. :-iickor�- Brancn. Can! �}� Brancr.
Pe.pper Creet._. �iartin Branct;. and Honeticu:t Cree:= are ^erennial
streams «�hi1e other crossin�s are intermittenc. Hici:or�� Brancn
is crossed four times. These «�aters a:e tributaries :o .he �orth
Fork Catau�7a Fi��er and lie �ci.hin the Ca.a���ba Ri��er B�:sin. � Tt!is
rit-er arises :rom the eastern siones of tne soutneT-n B1ue ::id�e
'�lountains «�ith most ef tne ��sin occurrin� in tne inr,er Piecmor.t.
Perennial streams in tne project area are media^� to �;iRh
��radienc. streams. Physica� characceristics oT major «�ate:bod:es
include a rock/cobble/sand substrate. appro::imately ?.6 to 6.1 m
( 1� to ?0 ft) in ��idth. �icst are oordereC b�' hard�vood iorest.
water denth avera�ed about 0.� to 0.6 m(1 to 1.� f:) at :ime of
�-1SiL.
�iost crossin�s are smal l. intermi �tent streams :�a�'ir.�
cer�� narroµ� channe 1 ti��idths ��ar��in� from 0.3 m( 1 i t)�;te 1.� m
(� it) «�ith no associated w�etlands. ti'ater le�-eiti �cer° hi�n.
due to recent heat-�- rains and f lo�+�-rate �cas rapid. Stream
substrates are coobie/boulder and sand. .adjacer,t �-e�eta:ior,
«�as of the mesic mited �ard�i�oo� t��pe. The dra?na�e pattern
is dendritic, hi�hi�- r.issectin� the iar,dscape.
"Best usa�e" classifications are assi�ned to tne �raters
oi �orth Carolina d�� the Di4;sion of En��ironmenta: :titana�ement
(DE�1}. A summar�� of ''oest usa�e" �vater ciassiiications ior
��ater resource components lii;e?y to recei��e impacts are
listed in Tabie 3 beio��-. .� sLmmar�� oi tne "besc usa�e'' ior
«�h�ich t'r.e waters in each ciass must be proteccec. :ei to��,�s.

J
GD_� �. J°S_ l.��cc: C_"'S',"'.�,.,._(J::�. '7: ���._C_ ..�SC'�=C°c
WATEF RESOURCE C�ASS:F?CATION
F: 1 C. C�i 1� p l� :: C7 � LJ r C�i : l� l�i L T,
Con:e�- Branch �. T:
Three Lnna,�er. T::butarics C Tr
'�1art in Brancr C Tr
T«�o �nnamed Tributaries to �ortn Fo:l�: Ca,a«�oa C Tr
Pepner Creek C Tr
Hcne��cut t Creeb: . C Tr
.�n�� stream «�'r,ic^ is r,et r,ame� in the scr�duie of stream
ciassifications carries :he same ciissi::catien :s thG�
assi�neci to the stream se�ment to �cnicn it is tribu;ai�-.
Ciass C desi�nates uaters suitable :or seconcar��
recreat ion. acivat ic 1 if� nroparat ien and sur��i�-a1 . f ishin�.
�a�i i�; �fe arir. c'._°I'1Cli! CLrE. T�le sLaaiemen:ai cizss� : ica�ien oi
Trou: �i'arers (Tr; is inte-�ded �o tiro.ect Iresnw�t�:s ior
na:ural trout DrOD2��tior, and �ne sur��i�-ai oi stoc�:ed �_out.
The \C Di�-ision oi �and Resou�ces nas a soec:ai bu*:e: zone
reauiremen� «�lich apaiies to aii DLyi Trout �taters. T�ESe
:uies req�i=e an ur,disturbed buifer zone -.5 m i?� f:l «�ir.e
cr oi sufiicient «�:d�?; tc con:ine �-isio:e sii;a:ior. «�i:n:.^.
tn� C��ent�-�-i iv� percent o: the buff�r zone rt•ar�s� the �ar.r�-
uisturoir.� act ivi t�-. n�hic:�e�-e: is �rea�est. ?rot�ct ion
measu:es include special �umeric instream «�a,e: "ua:i.�-
s:anr.ards .o protec: troL:.
:� portion of :ne DI'Oj�C� a:ea :rom �C ??� no::<<tia:n
aporo�imateiy 0.3 km (0.- miiel. �aiis «itnir: the .�:e:s�ron�
Cre`L «�a:er5h,d, ciassifi�d as tt"S-II. Project� :hat are
iocated «�ithin 1.6 :�m (1 miie) upstoae i;om a riQ�l' ana :a;i
t�'' LrliR c'i HQ«� ZOR� ai'c: Subject to Snecic 1:E�'u1dL 1CP,5 £i5
Gefined in "Desi�n Standards in S�r.sitive «'atersreds''
(T1��A:O�B.002�) of the Sedimer,catien Controi ^uideiines.
The Benthic �iacroin�-ertebrate .��bien: �et«-orb: (B�i_��1
adr�resses lon� te:m trends in �vater quaiity at fi�ed
R�or,itorinR sites b� tne samp�in� for selECted benthic
macroin��ertebrates. Etenthic macroinverte�ra;es are sers:ti�:e
to ��er�� subt ? e cnan�es :n u�ater quai i tt•. Good �vater quai i.�-
is associated w�ith both hi�h ta�a richness �raiues anc the
pz•esence o� manv intoierant f0?'mS. �l-ater auaiit�- de�radation
�radu��1�- eliminates the mo:e sensiti�-e species and leads to
a cemmur,it�- structure auite dii_`erent irorr� t�at in z�
unstresseci streanl. �o saecific c:ata is a�-�iia5;e :o- a:ea
streams ���ithin �he projec: area. in �enerai. st_eams in tne
Catativba Rirer Basir, ha��e �ood �o e�ce! lent «•ater ��u�i i�t�.

�
iCiE' \c?,_O^�i _'�__'�',2..: L:_tiC;l:.' �.,.il.!1.:_._.., . "�._;I',
!� VDEC ) I_ J: S IlO C 1 SC:12 � �.°: S : O1 . i'.0 DI�:.> ?cC ; : I�� _`.. �e i: i11' i.
�%;i i�. 3 P, .t 1?'� _° ^. � S O L' Z� � � �` 3 � C' _ 5 (� c:�� i l� P, G?� ll'c: .�. 5 _. �_ . �� i(: C =. :>
S�S—I «"i i_ b? 1[il�ZC:�Cl �U�' �.^,: i)i0�05EC: P=il if�C� .^OL' �.rE' .PCS�
resources ioc.a.eci �t�i:nin 1.6 ;:n; (G.: m� !e; of t:^., r_�oj�c?
a:ea.
3.?.'_ �t'ater Resa�!rce ?ri�?acts
Surface �ti�ater impacts are anticipa;ed for ai! stream
crossin�s. Steep siopes :n tne ��roject area r:�andate tne need
ior strin�ent erosion anc sedimenta:on control me�sures.
Culverts and/or pioes �ili be installec. reducin� rne linear
feet of natural stream channel. Otner �otentiai impacts are
increased sedimentation from erosion due to �rir:�e
replacement: concentracion of totic cor�:�ounds `rom hi�n���a��
runoi? and/or to�ic spiiis: scoLrin� oi SLredr'i becs due to
the charneiization of streams: aitera:ions of �t�a�er �e��e':s
due to interrup:ions or adaitions to sur�:ciai anr.!or
�round���ater f1ow: chan�es in �i�ht incidence �ue tc �h�
remo�-ai of veretatii-e coti-er. �
It seems likei� that stream channei modifica�ion or
re!ocation c�•i!1 be reau:red ior se�men�s oi Pe:.per Cree�: f30_
m( 1000 f c). tifart in Brancn ?-=: m( �OC ft 1. anG N.ic:;or�� �otton
3=anch ;U' m(300 fc1. T7ese s"al� be �rea�eu as G"stzndarc
leiocation". ap,�?ica�le ���nen �reater than 3C.� m;iCO ft) oi
totai relecation is reau:red a: a �i��en c:ossin�. or mere
than 1�.? m(�0 itl is relocateci on an�� one side ;uas�ream or
do«�nstrea�r�l. helocation snou:d be sin;iiar to oriR:nai
channe! in �vic:th. cieatn. �radient. anc� substrate. The
esc�niishment of ban:: �-e�etation via 8 T�ISP.:in� re�ime is
reauired. �leanders anC habitat structures (r��o: �+ads. «�ir:�
defiectors. e.c.) snou!d appro�imate tne or�Rinai strear::. In
accordancP ���� th ti;e : is� and ��'i Idl ire Coordinati�r: .�ct. as
�mended (16 USC G�1 et seq.). tne \CDOT �ciil coordinace suc`�
acti�-i:ies «�ith Lhe \orth Ca�oiina �1'iidlife Resources
Commissio^.
:�L'CO1T1filE:lCic�iC 1C�1S
-Scneduie instream acti�-ities durin� d?'v oi loc�- i io�ti periacis.
-�on-poinc sed�ment sources shouid be identilied and e?=orts
inade to control sedi��ent runoff.
-Strict adnerence �e Bes: �-1ana�em�nt Practices anc
Sedimentation Control sLidelines for HQR`'s snould 'be
implemen�ed duT�in= the construc:ion Dhase of tne project.
-Provicie for hazardous sril! catchments �i�itnir. the HO«' zone.
�.0 SPECIAL TOPICS
�.1 Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S.
Surface «aters and assoc:ated wetia�ds *a�l ur.der :he
broad cate�or�- of "�4`atErs of the United �tates" as dei ineci in
33 CFR 3?S 3. The LS .�I�[Tl�` Ci0?'�S e� �n�ineers (CUE} t�r:es

. �
, �,
;u- -scic:.on o�-e_ t::e d.�_..�. �. c_ .:_ _, �-_;. ,,: _ _ . . �;.,_-_- -� -
into these «��te� s �f rh� L . � . �.s ,�ut... .-i _�c. . _ �ec _ _�:� -�� :�-
�he C:ean «�� ter .�c; .
rour jurisdic�ionai �c�etianc? si.cs (�i_.�i «::_�_
identi; ier in the nrojec: area u,in� mec:�ocis i� :h� Co:ns of
En�ineers ��'et lanGS De' ineat ion �1ar,ual ( i9S- i. J�: isc:ic:io;aai
«e:lands are associated ccith Hickor�- Bo:tocii ��ancn (site 1).
unnamed.tributarv to the �orth Fork Cata«�ba �i��er (site ?f.
�tartin Branch (site 3). and Pepper C?'e�'F: (site �+1. S:te 1 ma�-
be cate�orized as palustrine. emerrer.t. persiscen: (PE)t=).
��hi1e sites ?, 3. and � ma�- be cate`orized as paIUSL�ine.
forested. oroad-lea�-ed deciduous communities fPF01:;) as
def ined b�- Co«ardin �et al . l 19-9 ). ���et lanu com;nunit ies ���ere
identified in the project corridor on tht basis o� lo�� soii
chroma ��a!ues. hydro�^vtic ��e�etation and tne presence oi
h��drolo�y or h��drolo�ical indicato:s. :� sun�mar� ci «�et land
impacts associ�ted «�it'r� eacn site is pro��iued in ta�le 3
b e 1 O ti� .
Tabie 3. Sum^�ar�� o� �t;�:iand Impacts, riec�ares (Acresl
Wetland Stream Anticipated
Site Classification Crossing Impacts
: *PE�t`?
? �*PFO�
3 PF06
Y PFUb
Hickor�� Bctton�. <0.1 l0.:;
\orth For� Cata�v�a <Q.i (O.i)
�lartin Branch <0.1 ;0.2)
Pepper Creek <Q.! (0.?)
r
To:al imoacts <0.= (0.61
xPaiustrine. Emer�en�. \on-persistent
*"�Palustrine. Forested. Broad-lea�-ed Deciduous
�-'..l.l Permits
?n accordance «�ith pro��isions of section �OY c: the
C! ean «-ater Act ( 33 C;. S.0 13�� 1, a permi t�ci 1 1 be requireG
irom che COE tor the discnar�e oi dreCSeG or �ill material
into "�'aters of tne United States". Based uocn site locat�on
and estimated acrea�e inti�olved. it is anticinated that
imQacts «�ili be authorized by �ation�ide Permi: �JJ CrF JJO.�
(a) (?6)]. This permit senerally authorizes dischar�es of
cired�e or fil! material in �-etlands located a'vo�-e tn�
neadwaters ;flow less than 1.� cubic m(� cubic ?t; ner
second) oi non-tidal :i��ers. streams and their !a�:es and
impoundments includin, adjacen� ��etlancis.
:�11 �caters «�itnin :�1cDowell Count�- a:e ��ountai^ irout
«�acers as ciesi�nater. bv che �orth Caroi ina �t i id! i� � :�eso�4rces
C.o�nmission. This desi�nation req�.!ires tn��; anni:cants ob�ai�

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\ ' , ` ` ����-
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� �� , l.� _ /' , ' % ,�
� � -- � � ��..., � = r % � { � : . �-. , � - � FIG . . 2
� � /�_ �.\\ \�\ �� � i=�cJ , / rl � � y,\ - � . -\� .\ - -/��J � �- �� . `a� � /�� 1`1 ` `\�, -� � � .
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'; `� �Efj� �:1 � Grave �rd' � ' '�. Zli-if 133. � --
, _, � � _ �_�.i � - , ,n \ � _ y � -� � � �. , .

/
a '.e:te_ o? :^mme:�t ..:Zd :Nco^.�„_^ca.io^ .:�-�. .:;: \��i�.-... �..^.� ..
leLtE'.i Or C'v`I1ClliiCRlC .i'J[Ti �:1� ��_:Rll:"��O": l�:S:iiCi �„':�S Oi
Fr�,-iP,f'2?'S L�t'?t;?'2 �!15Ci1�1�_'^�' clP.', :T.'eC:i't'C v: •... ..;3:c': _2!
into �t�aters o: �he �r,i�eci �*.a:es tha: cccL: ��:�_`::i^ a� ;: t::c
?� desi�nated counc:es.
:� =F01 ��ater Qua!it�� C�r:i2�caticn adminis�°red �hrourr
the \.C. Departmen� o` Fn� iro:�me:::. Hea! .:� ar.d ��curai
Fesources «'ill be reauired. Tnis cerciiicate is issueci tor
an�� acti�-it�- ���hicn ma�- resui; in a dischar�e :r.:o «�a:ers fo_
�ti•rich a tederal permit is reauir°d.
�.1.? Miti�ation
Compensator�� miti�a�ion is �eneraliv ;;ot reauired �i�here
�ation«�ide permits or Ger,erai germits are au�no:ized.
accordin� to t ne yemo: ar,dum of Aereement (�10.� ) be �n�een t he
Environmental Protection A�enc�� (EPA) and cne CUF. Final
discLetionar�r authorit�- in these matters rests «�ith tne COE.
�.? Rare and Protected Species
1._.1 Fede�all�� Protected Snecies
Plants ancl animais �vith federai ciass:iications o:
Endan�ered (E). Threatener (T), Proposed E.ndan�e:ed !PE; and
Proposed Tnreatened (PT) are protecced uneer pre���sions of
�ect ion - and Sect ion 9 0? the Encian�ered Saec i:,•s .ac; of
19-_�. as �mended. :�s ot .iui�� S. 1Q94. tne �o: io«�in� species
are federal l�� pretected ir �1cDo«°ei't Count��.
Taole �. �ederail��-Pro:ected Soecies
for �1cDo�vell Count��
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME STATUS
Glaucom��s sabrinus Carolina northern
ccloratus flvin-^_ sQUirrei �
Hedo��:is purpurea
�-ar. montana Roan ti1ountain �lue� E
Hudsonia montana mountain �olden heather T
"E" denotes Endan�ered (a species that is threa.ened �a�ith
etitinction tnrou,hout a!1 or a s�snificant portion of
its ran�e).
"T" denotes Threatened (a species that is liF;el�� to become
an endan�ered species «�ithin the foreseeabie :uture
throu�hout all or a si`nificant Portion of its ran�e).
Glaucom��s sabrinus coloracus
(northern i ��.�inR sc:ui:re: ) E
.�nimal Fam�l�-: Sciurdiae

�)2rc _!�i:G: 1�,`,'�
Disi?�!bu�ioP in \.C.. .��'e- . 8�:.^.CCt„��t. ,..�.;:8:,�.
�!8�-il`OOCi. ..c C,_S��I?. C:JJtI'C _ . . �.!_ �..i?:. i ! ,
Su�ain. T�ar,s��:�-ar_a. �ti'a��?li--. �a;lc.°��.
The CS;OI1Tlc`i northern i'�'lIl__°, Sq_Lirre! ,'23S � ic'iiR?. «`E:il
iur:ed flap of skin alon` eitner side oi i�s bcr.�•. Tni�
fu:red flap of skir. is connec�er: at the ��rist in tne :ron:
and at the an�:le in the rear. The s�:in ; lans and its b:oaci
fiattened :ail allo«� the nort:�err. *l��in� sauirrel to �:ide
irom tree �o tree. It is soiel�• nocturna! «�itn 1ar�e dark
e�•es .
There are se�-e: a 1
fl��in� sauirrel in the
the Tennessee border.
meters (�000 ft) in the
nardwood and coniferous
to search for food and
nestin� sites.
isolated populations of the northe:n
wescern part of \o:th Carolina, aion�
This sauirrei is found abo�•e 1�?'
�-e�eta:ion cransition zone becween
forests. Both forest t�-pes are useci
the hard«•ood forest is used for
Biological Conclusion: \o Ef?ect.
Ele�acions in the p*oject area are anprozimaceit� =�SS m �
( 1ci0C ; t 1. thus� not meetina the e1���-ation reauirem�nts ior
this species.
Hcd��otis j�u:-nurea �-ar. n;ontar,a
(motir.tain purple or L:oan �lcuntair: �?ue: ) E
Plar,t Fami Iti�: Fubiaceae
Federal i�• Listed: a.pr� i�. �I990
FIo«�ers Preser,t: June - Ju1v (best tir�e is mici .;unel
D15tr1DL'C10.^. in \.C.: Ashe. ��'erv. Burke. :4icJO���ei!.
�fi.chell. ��`atau�,a. �'ance��.
F.oan Voun�ain bluet is a perer,niai species with roots
anci sro«�s in lon� tu�ts. Roan �tountain biue: has se��era1
bri�ht �urple flo�vers arran�ed in a terminai c��me.
?'his plant can be found on hi�h ele�-ation cliifs.
outci�ons. steep siopes, and in the �ra��eil�� talus associa;ed
ti+ich cliifs at e!eti-arions of 1.100 to 1.900 mecers 1a.�9� to
b.�_�2 ft.l Foan �lountain bluet rrows best in areas w�here it
is exposed to full sunli�ht and in shallo�ti acidic soiis.
composed o? various i;neous. metamorphic, and metaseaimenta:��
roc�:s .
Biological Conclusion: \o Efiect.
Elevations
(:G00 ftl. chus
this snecies.
in the project area are aoprotimaceiy -SS m
not meetin� the e1e�-ation requirements for
Nudsonia 1^ontana (mountain roiden heati;er) T

.'1 ..^,: :2.fi11!�'. �iS�BC��°
Fecie_a� 1 �is.ec. Oc.���r :0. 1�:��
F.o��e� s ?r�sent . ��une ;n::: .o ia:� `
Dis::ivu:ior, in \.C.. B��ri:e. �icDo;��ei:.
�fot,ntain �olcien heather is a!o« . need':e-iea�'ed s:�rub
thaL is �-el low-,reen in co!e� . Ti;is s��ub usua� i�• �:o«�� in
clumps and retains its lea�-es fro!r the 7?'e\-i011S }-ear <<�nicz
appear scale-like on the older branches. Lea�-es appear a«�1-
snaped and thread-iike. '�tountain �olden heatn?r ior�s
solitar�-, terminal. lanceolate f1o«'ers. '�'nese �•e:l�ti�� flo«�ers
ha��e fi�-e blunt-tippeci pe�als anc ?0 to 3G s,amer,s. Fruit
capsules ha��e three projectin� points at the tips and are
round in shape.
Huc�sonia montana occurs in «-eathered rockv soils on
mountain tops. It can be found on e:•:posed a�,!artzice ied�es
in an ecotone bet«�een bare rocb_ and heath balds dominatec3 bt•
Leionhvllum which mer�e into pine iorest. Planrs do ii�-e ir:
partiall�• shaded areas. but do not anpear to be as heaith�- as
those iound in open areas. .y cri�icai nabitat area ior
mountain �oiden heather e�is�s ir, Bur�:e Count�•. �
Biological Conclusion: No Eifect.
\o open. e�posed leci�es are al�esent in the �roject are:.
\'e impacts irom nroject construction are an:ic:pa�ed.
4.2.? :�ederai Candidate/State Pro.ected Snecies
Candida�e 2(C?).snecies ar� ^ot 1e�aii�� nretected undel
tne Encian�ered Species Act and are not subject to an�� of ic's
n:o�-isions untii thev are iormaii�� nroc�osec or listed as
Threatened or Endansered.
Plants or animals �ti�ith sta*.e desi�naticr,s O? Enr.an�e:ed
(E). Th:ea.ened (T) or Special Concerny(SC1 are �rantedv
�rotection b�� the State Endan�ered Species :�c* ar.r� tne \C.
F!ant Protection and Conser��ation :-�ct of 19-9. acministe.ec
and enforceci b�� the North Carolina Wi�d!ife Resources
Commission and tne NC Deoartmenc oI A�ricul�ure.
The fol!o���in� table inc!udes iederal Candidate soeci�s
listed for �tcDowe?1 Countv and tneir state scatus (Tabie �).
T�ese species mav potentiali}� occur in the project area:
no«e�er. or�anisms and tneir suitable nabitat ��ere no:
sur�eved for. The �HP data �ase �cas re�- ie«�ed to cietermine i f
an�� protected species ha�°e been ��erifi�d in tne pro;ect area.
\or,e �t�ere recorded .
,

.
T�:���:C � . : C'c!C'1'fi; C,��,.ilCill:�.�: .�';7CCiEC :�•.C�O1t"C:: (.:OUP::�'
�C
Scientific ?�ame Common Name 5tatus :tabitat
;1l�-otis sirbulatus leibii Eas:err s;na; 1- �C r.o
iootec: ba:
:�'eaton;a floi-ldan�a ma�ister Eastern �i�cor.rat SC ��es
C1 emm�-s mu'r, I enber�i i Bo� turt i e T r,o
Spec-eria dian�� � Diana frit� 1!ar�-
bllL:eril�� no
Ju�lans cinere.a Butternut yes ,
L: 1 i um �: c'1 j'1 Gra��' s� i 1 �� :-SC no
Shorti���alacifolia Oconee-be:?s E-SC no
Shorria ��l��cifolia �-ar. Short-st��led
bi•eristrla oconee-be�is E-SC no

,c
�.0 REFERENCES
.�merican Urnitnoio�is:s' �nion. 1��5�. Ct;���:•:± is: o: `:; �::^,
.-�me:ic:n Bi�ds. (6�n ed.) :-�i_�n P�ess. �:,c.. �a;�r�ence.
i�ansa�. S--p.
Deaoe. C.E.. J.B. Funr:erbur�, and T.L. Qua��. iyC�l. The
reptiles and amnhibians o` \ortn Caroiina: a preiiminar��
cneck-iist ar,d 'oiblio�raah�-. .:. El:sha �titcne!i Sci. �oc.
i . 1?`-1_ib y
En�-ironme�tal Labo?'�tor�-. 19S-. "�o�ps of Er,rineers 11'e:lar,ds
De1 ineat ion :�tanual .'�Tecnnical F.epo?'L �'-S---l. GS Arm��
En�ineer «`aterwa}�s Esperiment Sta[ion. Vicksbu:r. :�1iss.
Ehrlich. P.E., D.S. Dohkin and D. ��'he�-e. 19S�. Tre Birr.ers
Handboo}:. .� Field Guide ta the �a�ur�l HIstor�• of \ort�
.�merican Birds. Simon ana Schuster. \.1'.. \.Y. 7S� p.
Gocifre��. R.�:.. J.�l'. �l�ooter.. 19�1. .�pL3Cic and �Vet;and nlancs
of Southeascern C�nicFd S,a.es. Dicot�, ledons. ':ne C,`ni��e:sit��
of Geor�ia Press. Athens. 9_�3p.
i_ee. D.S.. Funcierbur�. J.B. Jr.. ar,d :�1.I�. C:ark. 19°?. :�
Distributional Sur��ev oi �orth americar. �tamn,a:s. \orth
Carol ina Scate :�tuseum of �`atural Histor� , R� lei�h. \.C. -0 0.
�tartof. B.S.. �t'.�?. Paimer. J.R. Bailey and J.F. Ha�risor, 1:1.
1950. .�m,�nibians and Reotiles of the Caro:inas anrL �%irrinia.
The �ni��e:�sit� o? �crth Carolina °ress. Chapel Hi!1. �6�0.
\orth Clroiina �Vildliie Resourses Commission. 19�'.. \ort^
Carelina mammalian species ���ith ke��s to the oraers anr:
ramilies. �.C. �t`ildl. Fesour. Comm..Ralei�n.
�CDEH\R-DEF. 19°�. Classificatior,s and «ater ^ua':it��
stand� rds assi�ned to the «�aters o� tne Cata�ti�e� h 1�'Ei basin.
Di��ision oi En� ironmentai �tana�ement. RaleiRh. \.C. ��ln.
Uotter. E.F.. J.F. Parne?:, and R.P. Teulin�s ?9�0. Birds oT
the Caro!inas. lin:�-ersit�- of �orth Caro!ir.a U:ess. Cna�el
Hill. =�OS L. '
Raci*."ord. .�.E. . H.E. ?,hles and G.R. Be't 1. 196S. �tanuai o� the
��ascui�r �!ora of the Carolinas. Tne Unirersicti- of \ort�
Carolina Press, Chapel Hi1i. 11S� p.
Scott, S.L. (ed.?. 19S-. Fielci Guir.e to the 3irds o:` Nor�h
�me�ic�. �ational Geo�raahic Societ��. ��'ashin��on. D.C. -6�

_�
J[P.'_ tC1. .�'. fh. . ,i .F. U:.::E;?'DL': ° cl^C : . _. '`:l:-:'. _`-:b�,!. .�
Lri�,C�.l l�i '�i �;lrl.� �.i.C%._n� IT��?;��i��CI,C. �.l_.. t�...i?.. ''.�'l'�L..
Cotnttt.. F.a�ei�n.
1l'e�ster. «'.D.. J.�. Parr.el : ar.d �ti'.C. Bis�s. ?9:,�. �tammals of
th� Caro? inas. �'ir�inia and �tar��iznd. The Lr.i��ersi:�- of
\orth Carolina °:ess, Cnapel Hill. ?�� p.
i

APPENDIX A

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Planning & Assessment
James B. H�nt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
MEMOR.ANDUM
T0:
FROM:
RE:
DATE:
Chrys Baggett
State Clearinghouse
Melba McGee ��
Project Review Coordinator
/ • s
�
���--�N�
94-0025 Scoping Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 to
Blueridge Parkway, Avery and McDowell Counties
August 11, 1993
The Departinent of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
has reviewed the proposed scoping notice. The attached comments
list and describe information that is necessary for our divisions
to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the.project. '
More specific comments will be provided during the environmental
review.
,
Thank you for the opportunity to respond. The applicant is
encouraged to notify our commenting divisions if additional
assistance is needed.
attachments
cc: David Foster
P.O. Box 27687. Raleigh. Norfh Carolina 27611-7687 7elepho`ne 919-733-6376 FAX [phone]
An EGuoi Opoorfunrty A`firmciivs Action Employer 5096 recycled/ 1096 post-consumer paper

%
1
�
� North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission �
512 N
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles F. Fullwood, Executive Director
I
�
�
Melba McGee, Planning and Assessment
Dept. of Environment, Health, & Natural Resources
Stephanie E. Goudreau, Mt. Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program �i
cY��f �J� �cz� � z.�t.t�t�
July 30, 1993
SUBJECT: State Clearinghouse Project No: 94-0025, Scoping
comments for improvements to US 221 from NC 226 to Blue
Ridge Parkway, Avery and McDowell Counties (TIP #R-
2596) I
This correspondence responds to a rlquest by you for scoping
comments regarding a proposal by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) to widen US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn
in McDowell County to the Blue Ridge Parkway in Avery County.
The NCDOT proposes to widen US 221 from a 2-lane roadway to a
multilane facility, partially on new location. The new roadway
would consist of a combination of 4-lane;and 5-lane sections.
;
I conducted a site visit on July 27� 1993. Wildlife habitat
consists of mature mixed hardwoods with some pines, disturbed
mixed hardwoods, rock ledges, caves, oldlfields, pasture,
cropland, Christmas tree nurseries, and yards. The diverse
habitat of the project area suppor�,s many wildlife species,
including black bear, white tailed deer,�raccoon, striped skunk,
gray squirrel, woodchuck, eastern cottontail, and various species
of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Streams that will be
impacted by the project include North Fork Catawba River, Laurel
Branch, Pond Branch, Stillhouse Branch, Honeycutt Creek, Pepper
Creek, Martin Branch, Hickory Bottom Brarich, and at least four
unnamed tributaries to the North Fork Catawba River. The river
is Hatchery Supported Designated Public Mountain Trout Water
throughout the project, and Laurel BrancYi may support wild trout.
Other streams in the project area support nongame fish such as
chubs, shiners, darters, and dace.
This project has the potential to cause adverse impacts to
fisheries and wildlife resources of the project area. The North
I
i
�
i
i
I

Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) has the following
specific comments regarding issues that should be addressed in
the Environmental Assessment (EA) or Envirorimental Impact
Statement (EIS) that will be prepared for this project:
1) Widening the roadway in this area has the potential to
impact the resident black bear population. The existing
roadway from Armstrong Creek to Linville Falls bisects the
U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Grandfather Ranger District, and
good populations of black bear occur in both the northern
and southern sections of the District. Specifically, bear
densities are high in the Woods Mountain, Mackey Mountain,
and Mount Mitchell areas in the southern section and the
Linville Gorge, Grandfather Mountain, and Daniel Boone
Management Areas in the northern section. Because extensive
bear movement occurs between the sections, widening the
roadway will impact movement to some degree and will likely
increase highway mortality. The NCWRC is particularly
concerned with the stretch of US 22�1 from just south of
Linville Caverns to Linville Falls. This section actually
enters U.S. Forest Service land and contains forested land
on both sides of the roadway. Thus, this area is most .
likely an important travel route for bears as well as other
wildlife. Project sponsors should address these concerns
and appropriate mitigation measures in the EA. .
2) Limestone caves, which are relative�ly rare in North
Carolina, exist on either side of US 221 towards the
northern end of the project area. The presence of the
eastern woodrat Neotoma magister has been documented from
caves in this area, and it is likely that the eastern small-
footed bat Myotis leibii leibii is also present. Both of
these species are listed as Special�Concern (SC) in the
state and are candidates for federa�l listing (C2). Project
sponsors should discuss how caves and these rare species
will be impacted by this project.
3) The presence of other rare species �in the project area
should be addressed. There is a good chance that the
cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea is present, and a
possibility that the Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus
obscura is also in the area. Both species are listed as
Significantly Rare (SR) in the state and C2 with the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. I
�
4) Project sponsors should describe in�detail how streams in
the project area will be impacted, e.g., channel relocation,
culvert extension. We reiterate that the NCWRC usually
objects to relocation of streams where upland alternatives
exist.
5) Steep slopes in the project area mandate the need for extra
stringent erosion and sedimentationl.control measures during
roadway construction. Project sponsors should describe how

control measures will be adequate to control stormwater
runoff so that the North Fork Catawba River and its
tributaries are protected from severe sedimentation.
In general, the EA or EIS should contain the following
information:
1) Description-of fishery and wildlife resources within the
project area, including a listing of federally or state
designated threatened, endangered, or special concern
species. The NCWRC's Nongame and Endangered Species Section
maintains databases for locations of fish and wildlife
species. While there is no charge for the list, a service
charge for computer time is involved. Contact is:
Mr. Randy Wilson, Manager
Nongame & Endangered Species Section
Division of Wildlife Management
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
919/733-7291
A listing of designated plant species can be developed
through consultation with the following agency:
Natural Herita.ge Program
N.C. Division of Parks and Recreation
P. O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
919/733-7795
2) Description of waters and/or wetlands affected by the
project.
3) Project map identifying wetland areas. Identification of
wetlands may be accomplished through coordinati�n with the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). If the COE is not
consulted, the person delineating wetlands should be
identified and criteria listed.
4) Description of project activities that will occur within
wetlands, such as fill or channel alteration. Acreages of
wetlands impacted by alternative project designs should be
listed. Project sponsors should indicate whether the COE
has been contacted to determine the need for a 404 Permit
under the Clean Water Act. Contact is Mr. Steve Chapin at
704/271-4014.
5)
�
Description of project site and non-wetland vegetative
communities.
The extent to which the project will result in loss,
degradation, or fragmentation of wildlife habitat.

7) Any measures proposed to avoid or reduce impacts of the
. project or to mitigate for unavoidable habitat losses.
8) A list of document preparers which shows each individual's
professional background and qualifications.
I appreciate the opportunity to provide this information to
the NCDOT in the early planning stages of this project. If you
have any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at
704/652-4257.
cc: Mr. Chris Goudreau, District 8 Fisheries Biologist
Mr. Jack Mason, District 8 Wildlife Biologist
Mr. Gordon Warburton, NCWRC Black Bear Project Leader
Mr. Al1en Boynton, Nongame Mountain Project Leader
Mr. David Yow, Acting NCWRC Highway Coordinator
Ms. Janice Nicholls, USFWS, Asheville
�

�
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Soil & Water Conservation
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
�
Melba McGee
���
David Harrison
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August 2, 1993
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SUBJECT: Improvements to.US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to
Blue Ridge Parkway, McDowell and Avery Counties.
Project No.-�94-0025.
The proposed project involves widening US 221 from a two-lane
roadway to a multilane roadway (four or five lanes) and some new
location. Soils information will be available through the local
Soil Conservation Districts. �The Environmental Assessment should
identify any unique, prime, or important farmlands that would be
impacted by the project. A wetlands evaluation should be
included.
DH/tl
�
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, Norfh Carolina 27611-7687 ielephone 919-733-2302
An Equal Opporfunity Affirmative Acfion cmployar SQ� recycled/ 1 C`� pcut-conwmer paper

DIVISION OF PARKS AND RECREATION
t
August 2, 1993
Memorandum
TO: Melba McGee
FROM: Stephen Hall S �� '
SUBJECT: Scoping -- Improve US 221, Woodlawn to Blue Ridge
Parkway
REFERENCE: 94-0025
Project Section R-2596 C passes through an area of particular
environmental significance. The Catawba River Gorge contains
several outcrops of limestone, which has a highly restricted
distribution in North Carolina. Over a dozen plants are found in
association with these outcrops and also occur almost nowhere
else in North Carolina. The rarest of these is a liverwort
(Plaaiochila caduciloba), a candidate for federal listing and
state-listed as Endangered. Three others are candidates for
state-listing: white camas (Zygadenus elegans), Bradley's
spleenwort (Asplenium bradlevi), and lime entodon (Entodon
concinnus).
These species are concentrated at three particularly important
sites: the Linville Cave Natural Area (a Registered Natural
Heritage Area), the Linville Mountain Natural Area (a Natural
Heritage Priority Area), and the Catawba River polomite Area
(also a Natural Heritage Priority Area). The Linville Cave
Natural Area is located west of the Catawba River and may not be
adversely affected by the proposed project. The other two sites,
however, occur east of the river along US 221 and are likely to
be affected.
We recommend that a detailed biological survey be conducted along
this section of the project. Given the large number of rare
mosses and liverwerts found in this region, the biologist(s)
conducting this survey should be thoroughly familiar with
bryophyte identification. We also strongly recommend that the
alignments-through this gorge follow the existing roadbed and
avoid disturbing new ground as much as possible.

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources �• e
Division of Environmental Management �
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governorry �����
Jonathan B. Howes, Secreta
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
July 28, 1993
MEMORANDUM
T0: Melba McGee, Policy and Development
FROM: Monica Swihar� Water Quality Planning
SUBJECT: Project Review #94-0025; Scoping Comments - NC DOT
Proposed Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 Near Woodlawn
to the Blueridge Parkway
The Water Quality Section .of the Division of Environmental
Management requests that the following topics be discussed in the
environmental documents prepared on the subject project:
A. Identify the streams potentially impacted by the project.•Tne
stream classifications should be current. Based on tne
�information provided, the project appears to follow the North
Fork Catawba River for approximately 15 miles. This section
of the North Fork Catawba River is classified as C Tr by the
State of North Carolina. The southern project limit appears
to be at the American Thread Company Water Supply Dam on
Armstrong Creek. Upstream of the dam, Armstrong Creek has a
�n'S-II CA classification.
B. Identify the linear feet of stream channelizations/
relocations. If the original stream banks were vegetated, it
is requested that the channelized/relocated stream banks be
. revegetated.
C. Number of s�-ream crossings.
D. will permanent spill catch basins be utilized? DEM requests
that these catch basins be placed at all water supply stream
crossings. Identify the responsible party for maintenance.
E. Identify the stormwater controls (permanent and temporary) to �
be employed. .
F. Please ensure that sediment and erosion and control measures
are not placed in wetlands.
P.O. Box 29535. Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An cquai Opportunrty Affrmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 1 QX post-consumer paper

Melba McGee
July 28, 1993
Page 2
G. Wetland Impacts
1) Identify the federal manual used for identifying and
delineating jurisdictional wetlands.
2) Have wetlands been avoided as much as possible?
3) Have wetland impacts been minimized?
4) Discuss wetland impacts by plant communities affected.
5) Discuss the quality of wetlands impacted.
6) Summarize the total wetland impacts.
7) List the 901 General Certification numbers requested from
DEM.
H. Will borrow locations be in wetlands? Borrow/waste areas
should avoid wetlands to the maximum extent practicable.
Prior to approval of any borrow/waste site in a wetland, the
contractor shall obtain a 401 Certification from DEM.
I. Did NCDOT utilize the existing road alignments as much as
possible? Why not (if applicable)?
J. Please provide a conceptual mitigation plan to help the
environmental review. The mitigation plan may state the
following: � � -
1. Compensatory mitigation will be considered only after
wetland impacts have been avoided and minimized to the
maximum extent possible.
2. On-site, in-kind mitigation is the preferred method of
mitigation. In-kind mitigation within the same watershed
is preferred over out-of-kind�mitigation.
3. Mitigation should be in the following order:
restoration, creation, enhancement, and lastly banking.
Written concurrence of 401 Water Quality Certification may be
required for this project. Applications requesting coverage under
our General Certification 14 or General Permit 31 will require
written concurrence. Please be aware that 401 Certification may be
denied if wetland"impacts have not been avoided and minimized to
the maximum extent practicable.
9863er_mem
cc: Eric Galamb
�

MEMORANDUM
�rTi�
FROM:
Griffiths Forestry Center
2411 Garner Road
Clayton, North Carolina 27520
July 16, 1993
Melba McGee
Policy & Development
Don H. Robbins _�',,��1��
Staf f Forester � -� � �.
SUBJECT: DOT EA/Scoping for Improvements to US 221 From NC 226
Near Woodlawn to the Blueridge Parkway in McDowell
County (TIP # R-2596)
PROJECT: #94-0025
DUE DATE 7-30-93
This project will impact woodland and the Environmental Assessment
should contain the. following information concerning the proposed
project:
1.
2.
�
The total forest land acreage by types that would be taken out
of forest production as a result of this project.
The productivity of the forest soils as indicated by the soil
series, that would be involved within the proposed project.
The impact upon existing greenways within the area of the
proposed proj ect.
4. The provisions that the contractor will take to sell any
merchantable timber that is to be removed_ This practice is
encouraged to minimize the need for piling and burning during
construction. If any burning is needed, the contractor should
comply with all laws and regulations pertaining to debris
burning.
�

Page 2
5. The provisions that the contractor will take during the
construction phase to prevent erosion, sedimentation and
construction damage to forest land outside the right-of-
way and construction limits. Trees outside the
construction limits should be protected from construction
activities to avoid:
a. Skinning of tree trunks by machinery.
b. Soil compaction and root exposure or injury by
heavy equipment.
c. Adding layers of fill dirt over the root systems of
trees, a practice that impairs root aeration.
d. Accidental spilling of petroleum products or other
damaging substances over the root systems of trees. �
We would hope that the project would have the least impact to
forest and related resources in that area.
DHR:la
pc: Warren Boyette - CO
File
�

� ���5 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
r- WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
� : � , ^. � P.O. BOX 1890
��'✓ WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
WREPLYREFERTO September 30, 1993
Planning Division
Mr. L. J. Ward, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department
of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, Nurth Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
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OCT 0 4 1993
Z- DIVlSIC•'�! Or �,�'
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This is in response to your letter of July 2, 1993, requesting
our comments on "US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to the Blue Ridge
Parkway, McDowell and Avery Counties, State Project No. 8.T871101,
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3), TIP No. R-2596" (Regulatory
Branch Action ID No. 199303231).
Our comments, from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
perspective, involve impacts to COE projects, flood plains, and
other environmental aspects, primarily waters and wetlands. The
proposed project would not involve any COE-constructed flood control
or navigation projects.
The proposed project is sited in McDowell and Avery Counties,
both of which participate in the National Flood Insurance Program.
From a review of th'e September 1990 Avery County Flood Insurance
Rate Map (FIRM), the roadway does not appear to be in an identified
flood plain. Based on the July 1988 McDowell County FIRM, the
section of roadway selected for improvement is located within the
flood plain of Armstrong Creek and also crosses North Fork Catawba
River. Both streams have been studied by detailed methods, with
100-year flood elevations determined but no floodway defined.
The roadway also crosses the approximate study streams of Conley� �
Branch, Martin Branch, Pepper Creek, and Honeycutt Creek. The
hydraulic effects on the 100-year flood levels of these streams
should be addressed in the environmental document. The final
project's hydraulic effects should be coordinated with McDowell
County for compliance with their flood plain ordinance and possible
revision to their flood insurance maps and report.�
Our Regulatory Branch has also reviewed your letter and has the
following comments. The Linvi7le Falls to Ashford section of this
project is generally very steep. From Linville Falls to North Cove

-z-
School, the North Fork Catawba River is designated as a"General
Trout Water." There are numerous steep tributaries which flow
under US 221 to North Fork that will be impacted by the widening
project. Although there is very little in the way of wetlands
(due to the steepness), special planning precautions should be
made to control erosion into the tributaries. The North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) should take great efforts to
control the flow of sediment into these tributaries. Detailed
plans on how NCDOT plans to do this would be greatly appreciated.
On the southern end of the Blue Ridge Country Club (BRCC), near
Ashford and just north of SR 1570, there are wetlands that should
bE aVu�iueci. Tnese wetiands are being preserved as part or a
settlement with BRCC stemming from an Environmental Protection
Agency enforcement action. We would be willing to meet with
NCDOT personnel to indicate where these wetlands are located.
The Ashford to Conley Branch (see Little Switzerland topo)
section of the project is a much flatter section of road. Most
of the more level land along this section has been converted to
row crop or pasture and hayland. There are several creek crossings
with wooded wetlands including Honeycutt Creek, Pepper Creek, and
Martin Branch. Effort should be made to minimize the impacts to
these wetlands.
The Conley Branch to Woodlawn section is an area of steeper
terrain with very few crossings and little wetland area. The
exception is the Hickory Bottom Branch wetlands close to the
terminus of the project. In doing the alignment study, perhaps
NC00T could find a way to avoid this wetland area.
When final construction plans are completed, "including the
extent and location of development within waters and wetlands,
yo�ir off�ce should r.ontact M�. Steve Chapin at our Asheville Field
Office, telephone [phone], for a final determination of
Federal permit requirements. _
We appreciate the opportunity to comment-on th�is pro�ect. If
we can be of further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to
contact us.
S' r ,
w
r Law ence . Saunders
Chi f, P1 nning Division

S�,ENT OF lh
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United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
330 Ridgefield Court
Asheville, North Carolina 28806
October 6. 1993
Mr. L. J. Ward, P. E.. Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
�
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HiGH'�. � � � • :
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Subject: Scoping for proposed widening of US 221 from NC 226 near
Woodlawn to the Blue Ridge Parkway, McDowell and Avery
Counties, North Carolina. T.I.P. No. R-2596 �
In your letter of July 2. 1993 (received July 8, 1993), you requested
information regarding potential environmental impacts that could result
from the subject project for your use in the preparation of an
environmental assessment. The following comments are provided in
accordance with the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 661-667e), and Section 7 of the Endangered Species
Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
According to information provided in your letter, this project will
involve the widening of U.S. 221 from a two-lane to a multilane road. A
portion of this project will be constructed on a new location. The
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is particularly concerned about
the potential impacts the proposed'project could have on listed or
proposed endangered or threatened species, on stream systems and
associated wetlands within the project area--North Fork of the Catawba
River and several unnamed tributaries, Laurel Branch, Honeycutt Creek,
Pepper Creek, hlartin Branch. Pond Branch, Stillhouse Branch, and Hickory
Bottom Branch--and on wildlife habitat. Preference should be given to
alternative alignments, stream-crossing structures, and construction
techniques that avoid and/or minimize encroachment and impacts to these
resources.
A Service biologist conducted a field visit on October 1, 1993. During
this inspection it was apparent that the project area provides habitat
for a wide variety of fish and wildlife species. Land use within the
project area is primarily rural, and a good portion of the project area
bisects the Grandfather Ranger District of the Pisgah National Forest.
The following general habitat types exist within the project impact area:
old fields, early successional areas (along roadsides), mixed pine-

hardwood forests, forested riparian areas, stream systems, and vertical
limestone cliff communities. The Service believes this project has the
potential to adversely impact fishery and wildlife resources in the
project area and recommends that the following three issues be
specifically addressed in the environmental assessment: (1) protection
of stream and wetland systems (steep slopes within the project area will
necessitate additional precautionary measures in order to control
sedimentation and erosion); (2) fragmentation.of wildlife habitat
(especially for the black bear, since there is a relatively good
population within the Grandfather Ranger District of the Pisgah National
Forest): and (3) the possible presence of both federally listed and
candidate species.
The enclosed pages identify federally protected endangered and threatened
species known from Avery and McDowell Counties that may occur within the
area of influence of this proposed action. The legal responsibilities of
a Federal agency or their designated non-Federal representative under
Section 7 of the Act are on file with the Federal Highway Administration
and the North Carolina Department of Transportation. The enclosed pages
also contain candidate species that are currently under status review by
the Service which may occur in the project impact area. Candidate
species are not legally protected under the Act and are not subject t,o
any of its provisions, including Section 7, until, they are formally
proposed or listed as endangered or threatened. We are including these
species in our response to give you advance notification.
The Service's review of the subject environmental assessment would be
greatly facilitated if the document also contained the following
information:
(1) A complete analysis and comparison of the available
alternatives (the build and no-build alternatives).
(2) A description of the fishery.and wildlife resources
within existing and required additional rights-of-way
and any areas, such as borrow areas, that may be
affected directly or indirectly by the proposed road
construction.
(3) Acreage and description of the creeks, streams, or
wetlands that will be filled as a result of the
� proposed road improvements. Wetlands affected by the
proposed project should be mapped in accordance with
the Federal Manual for ldentifvinq and Delineatinq
Jurisdictional Wetlands. We recommend contacting the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory
Field Office (704/271-4854), to determine the need
for a Section 404 Clean Water Act permit.
(4) Linear feet of any water courses that will be
relocated as a result of the proposed project.
(5) Acreage of upland habitat, by cover type, that will,
be eliminated because of the proposed project.

(6) Description of all expected secondary and cumulative
environmental impacts associated with this proposed
work.
(7) An analysis of the crossing structures considered
(i.e., spanning structure, culverts) and the
rationale for choosing the preferred structure(s).
(8) Mitigation measures that will be employed to avoid.
eliminate, reduce, or compensate for habitat value
losses associated with any part of the proposed
project.
We appreciate the opportunity to provide these scoping comments and
request that you cont�nue to keep us informed as to the progress of this
project. In any future correspondence concerning this project, please
reference our Log Number 4-2-94-002.
Enclosure
cc:
Mr.
Mr.
Ms.
Mr.
Sincerely.
,
Brian P. Cole
Field Supervisor
Randy C. Wilson, Section Manager. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife and
Permits Section, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission,
Archdale Building, 512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
Dennis L. Stewart, Program Manager, Division of Boating and Inland
Fisheries, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. Archdale
Building, 512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
Linda Pearsall, Director, North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
P.O. Box 27687. Raleigh. NC 27611
Cecil Frost, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Plant
Conservation Program. P.O. Box 27647, Raleigh, NC 27611

IN REPLY REFER TO
LOG N0. 4-2-94-002
PAGE 1 OF 2
AVERY COUNTY
MAMMALS
Virginia big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii virqinianus)- Endangered
Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomvs sabrinus coloratus) -
Endangered
Southern rock vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis) - Candidate
New England cottontail (Svlvilaqus transitionalis) - Candidate*
Eastern small-footed bat (Mvotis leibii leibii) - Candidate
BIRDS
Peregrine falcon (Falco pereqrinus) - Endangered
Appalachian Bewick's wren (Thrvomanes bewickii altus) - Candidate*
REPTILES
Bog turtle (Clemmvs muhlenberqii) - Candidate
AMPHIBIANS
Hellbender (Crvptobranchus alleqaniensis) - Candidate*
ARACHNIDS
Spruce-fir moss spider (Microhexura montivaqa) - Candidate
INSECTS
Diana fritillary butterfly (Speveria diana) - Candidate
Regal fritillary butterfly (S�everia idalia) - Candidate
PLANTS
Spreading avens (Geum radiatum) - Endangered*
Roan Mountain bluet (Hedvotis �urpurea var. montana) - Endangered
Heller's blazing star (Liatris helleri) - Threatened
Blue Ridge goldenrod (Solidaqo spithamaea) - Threatened
Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) - Candidate
Roan false goat's beard (Astilbe crenatiloba) - Candidate
A liverwort (Bazzania nudicaulis) - Candidate*
Mountain bittercress (Cardamine clematitis) - Candidate
Manhart's sedge (Carex manhartii) = Candidate � � - � - �---
Rock gnome lichen (Gvmnoderma lineare) - Candidate
Bent avens (Geum aeniculatum) - Candidate
Butternut (Juqlans niqra) - Candidate
Gray's lily (Lilium rq ayi) -`Candidate
A liverwort (Plaqiochila virqinica var. caroliniana)
Gray's saxifrage (Saxifraqa caroliniana) - Candidate
Oconee-bells (Shortia qalacifolia) - Candidate
Short-styled oconee-bells (Shortia qalacifolia var.
Candidate
- Candidate*
brevistvla)
*Indicates no specimen from Avery County in at least 20 years.

IN REPLY REFER TO
, LOG N0. 4-2-94-002
PAGE 2 OF 2
MCOOWELL COUNTY
MAMMALS
�-Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomvs sabrinus coloratus) -
Endangered
Eastern woodrat (Neotoma maqister) - Candidate -
BIRDS
Cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea) - Candidate
REPTILES
Bog turtle (Clemm s muhlenberqii) - Candidate
ARACHNIDS
Spruce-fir moss spider (Mirohexura montivaqa) - Candidate
INSECTS '
Diana fritillary butterfly (�everia diana) - Candidate
PLANTS
` Mountain golden heather (Hudsonia montana) - Threatened
Butternut (Juqlans niqra) - Candidate
Gray's lily (Lilium rq aYi) - Candidate .
Oconee-bells (Shortia qalacifolia) - Candidate
Short-styled oconee-bells (Shortia qalacifolia var. brevistvla) -
Candidate

United States Forest National Forests IInited States Federal
Department of Service in North Carolina Court House Building
Agriculture . 100 Otis Street
P.O. Bo= 2750
Asheville NC 28gp2
, � Beply to: 2730 �p o __
`o
Mr. L.J. Ward, P.E.
Manager, Planning and Environmental Branch
N.C. Division of Highways
P. 0. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611
Dear Mr. Ward:
Date: S� 8, 1993
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y
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\RONME� P�
Thank you for the�opportunity to comment on SP: 8.T871101, FAP: NHF-221(3), TIP:
R-2596, as requested by your July 2, 1993 letter.
Here are our comments:
1. The project involves National Forest system lands, so ve request you involve
the Grandfather District Ranger, Michael Anderson in your EA process. His
phone number is 704-652-2144.
2. The Forest Supervisor nominated two areas of National Forest land adjacent
to the project for the Natural Heritage Register. Nothing can be done to
negatively impact these areas vhile they are under consideration. Ye have
included location maps for your convenience.
3. There is a high probability that historic sites ezist along the Catavba
River. Ezcavation and a study may be required before the project can
proceed. It is our understanding that an archeological study of the entire
corridor is required for a Federal Aid Project.
4. A biological evaluation of sensitive plants and ani.mals vill be required
prior to the Forest Supervisor making a-final determination on the project.
Thank you again for the opportunity to comment on this project. Please contact
' Joe Moore at 704-257-4247, if you have any questions. .. .._ .__ ._ _
Sincerely,
�
C. MITCH GURGANUS
Director, Lands and M' ezals
Enclosures
cc: Betty Yancey� NCDOT
District Ra.nger, Grandfather

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1
LINVILLE MOUNTAIN NATURAL AREA
LOCATION:: Pisgah National Forest. On.the east flank of Linville
Mountain. East of US 221, about 1/4 mile north of the Linville
Caverns entrance road. McDowell County. Linville Falls quad.
DESCRIPTION: Extensive, well-developed cliffs and talus slopes
of guartzite in the Grandf�ather Mountain Window. A populations
of Bradley's spleenwort (Asplenium bradleyi) occurs on the cliff,
and ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) occurs in the cove. Cliffs and
ridges are extremely acidic; coves, though full of quartzite
boulders, are rich, and vegetation suggests influence by
underlying dolomite on the soil.
SIGNIFICANCE: Rare plant species, high quality natural
communities, and geologic features.
Status
Name � NC1 US2 Global3
------------------------------------- --- --- ------ ----------
Asplenium Bradleyi Bradley's SR -- G3 �
spleenwort •
Panax quinquefolius ginseng SC -- G4
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CATAWBA RIVER DOLOMITE AREA
LOCATION: Pisgah National Forest. On the east side of US 221 in
the upper Catawba River valley, about 2 miles south of the town
` of Linville Falls. McDowell County. Linville Falls quad.
DESCRIPTION: Lower slope and small bluffs of Shady Dolomite
formation exposed in the Grandfather Mountain Window.
Distinctive, rich calcareous mesic forest community dominated by
a mixture of calcium-loving hardwoods, including chinquapin oak
(Quercus muhlenbergii), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and walnut
(Juglans nigra).
SIGNIFICANCE: Unusual natural community, newly added to the
classification system. This type of community is not represented
elsewhere on Forest Service lands in North Carolina. Fewer than
10 examples occur anywhere in North Carolina.
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLWA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIOI�1
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______ _�AMES_B._HUNT_�R. __ __ P.O_BOX25201, RALEIGH. N_C. 276ll-5201 E. NORRIS TJLSON_ _____.
GOVERNOR ' SECRETARY
March 20,1998
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 143
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
ATTN
Dear Sir:
Subject:
Mr. Steve Lund
NCDOT Coordinator
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McDowell County, Widening of U.S. 221 from NC 226 to north of SR 1573;
TIP No. R-2596A; State Project No. 8.T87 i 101.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation proposes to widen US 221 in McDowell
County from NC 226 near Woodlawn to 0.3 mile north of SR 1573 (Pitts Station Road) near
North Cove. The project calls for upgrading the existing two-lane roadway to a multi-lane
facility. The project will be approximately 3.8 miles in length and will consist of combinations
of four-lane and five-lane typical sections with some new alignment to improve roadway
curvature. US 221 from the southern project limit t� 0.4 mile north of NC 226 (0.3 mile) will be
widened to a five-lane section with shoulders. From 0.4 mile north of NC 226 to 0.4 mile south
of SR 1556 (0:7 mile) NC 221 wi11 be widened to a four-lane divided facility with a 22 foot
median barrier. The remaining 2.8 miles, from 0.4 mile south of SR 1556 to 0.3 mile north of
SR 1573, will be a four-lane divided facility with a 46 foot grass median.
US 221 is classified as a principle north-south corridor, providing access between the foothills of
the state and the northwest mountains. The Transportation Improvement Program project
R-2596 is divided into three segments for planning and construction purposes. Section A has
independent utility from parts B and C. Section A is the most heavily traveled portion of the
R-2596 corridor. Just north of Section A, as shown in figure 5 of the Environmental Assessment
(EA), the traffic volumes decrease by 45% since much of the traffic is generated by the Baxter
Healthcare plant along SR 1573. The project is also of sufiicient length to address environmental
concerns on a broad scope without restricting the consideration of alternatives for Sections B and
C. A project breakdown map (Figure 1) is included for reference. Impacts associated with other
sections will be evaluated in separate documents if improvements.to these sections are funded in
the future.
The environmental impacts, including the alternative selection process, of Section A were
evaluated in a State Environmental Assessment (EA) dated Apri125, 1995 and a Finding of No
Sign?ficant Impact (FONSI) dated July 26, 1996. These documents contain studies that
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investigated impacts to natural systems and protected species. No Threatened or Endangered
Species will be impacted by the proposed project.
Construction of the proposed project will require impacts to waters of the United States,
including both jurisdictional wetlands and surface waters. Wetland delineations were performed
using delineation criteria prescribed in the "Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual"
(Environmental Laboratory, 1987). Wetlands will be impacted by the placement of fill as well as
clearing. Surface waters will primarily be impacted by the construction of new pipes and
culverts at stream crossings as well as channel relocation. The department has prepared permit
drawings which depict the impact areas. The enclosed permit drawings include a summary of the
project impacts in metric units. Tables 1 and 2 summarize impacts to waters of the United States
by site number, wetland impacts, and surface water impacts in English units.
Table l. Wetland Impact Summary
Site Number Station Number
II
III
V
VI
VII
VIII
Total
1+680 LREV
1+880 to LREV
2+240 LREV
2+g90 LREV to
2+990 LREV
3+530 LREV to
3+720 LREV
4+970 LREV
5+160 LREV to
5+220 LREV
Fill in Wetlands
ha (acres)
0.008 (0.019)
0.002 (0.005)
Clearing in
Wetlands ha (acres)
0.003 (0.007)
0.0
0.042 (0.104) 0.0
0.129 (0.319)
0.025 (0.062)
0.045 (0.11.6)
0.251 (0.625)
0.05 (0.124)
0.006 (0.015)
0.002 (0.005)
0.061 (0.151)
Table 2. Surface Water Impacts
Site Station Number Fill in Surface Impacted Channel �
Waters (acres) Length (feet)
I 1+200 LREV to 0.114 +3.2
II
III
IV
V
, VI
1+560 LREV
1+680 LREV
1+gg0 to LREV
2+240 LREV
2+620 LREV to
2+730 LREV
2+890 LREV to
2+990 LREV
3+530 LREV to
3+720 LREV
VII - 4+970 LREV . 0.0 . -147.6 �_ -
" IX 5+680 LREV 0.029 ' -160.7
Total ---------------------- 0.190 -2611
riote: (+) denotes a positive differential in relocated and existing stream channel
�-1 denotes a neQative differential in re?�ocate�? :�nd existinR str.eam channel.
0.005
0.0
0.0
0.042 �
0.0
-82
-1590.8
-328.0
-1509
-154.2
i F

As stated in tables 1 and 2, sites I, III, V, VI, VII, and VIII involve impacts to wetlands
and sites I through VII and IX involve impacts to surface waters. A vicinity map depicting the
location of each site is included for reference.
_ Several_.mitigatio�op_tions_are_currently bein�c.onsider_ed to_offset_unavoidable_impac.ts_to _
jurisdictional surface waters and wetlands. Potential on-site restoration, creation and
enhancement opportunities aze being investigated. Additionally, a search for suitable mitigation
sites in the Catawba River basin for both surface water and wetland mitigation is currently being
conducted. NCDOT has identified several sites containing possible mitigation opportunities.
Entry permits have been obtained and feasibility studies aze currently underway.
In summary, impacts to waters of the United States total 0.78 acres of jurisdictional
wetlands and 2,611 linear feet of surface waters due to roadway fill, pipes and culverts. Enclosed
is a completed notification form and drawings that depict impacts to waters of the United States.
Based on the discussed impacts to waters of the United States, the department requests
authorization under a Section 404 Individual Permit to construct the project. By copy of this
letter and application, the department also requests that the DWQ review this project for 401
Water Quality Certification. �
Thank you for you assistance. If you have any questions or need additional information,
please contact Mr. Lindsey Riddick at [phone], extension 315.
Sincerely,
,
H. Franklin Vick, PE, Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
HFV/plr
Attachments
cc: Mr. John Dorney, DWQ .
Mr. Whit Webb, P. E., Program Development Branch
Mr. R. L. Hill, P.E:, State Highway Engineer - Design
Mr. A. L. Hankins, P. E., Hydraulics Unit
Mr. William J. Rogers, P. E., Structure Design Unit
Mr. Tom Shearin, P. E., State Roadway Design Engineer
Mr. W. D. Smart, P. E., Division 13 Engineer
Mr. Mark Davis, Western Mt. Region Coordinator
Mr. David Cox, NCWRC �
Ms. Kathy Matthews, EPA

m

� APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMEiNT OF THE ARMY PERMIT
l33 CFR 3251
OMB APPROVAL NO. 0710-003
Expires October 1996
Public reporting burden for this collection of info►mation is estimated to average 5 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,
searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send
:,,mments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to
Department of Defense, Washingto� Headquerters Service Directorate af InformationOperations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite
1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302; and to the Office of Menagement and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0710-0003), Washington, DC
20503. Please DO NO RETURN your form to either of thoae addresses. Completed applications must be submitted to the District Engineer having
jurisdiction over the location of the proposed activity.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT
--Authority: .33.USC-401,-Section 10; 1413,-Sectioo-404.-Principal-Purpose:—These-lews-require-permitsiauthorizing-activitiea-in,-or_affecting, _ __, -
_ . . - --
navigable weters of the United States, the discherge of dredged or fill materiel into waters of the United States, and the transportation of dredged
material for the purpose of dumping it into ocean waters. Routina Uses: Information provided on this form will be used in aveluating the applicatian
for a permit. Disclosure; Disclosure of requested informetion is voluntary. If information is not p�ovided, however, the permit application cannot be
processed nor can a pertnit be issued.
One set of original drewings or good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this
application (see sample drawings and instructionsl and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of the proposed
activity. An application that is nat completed in full will be retumed.
1. APPLICATION NO. I 2. FIELD OFFICE CODE I 3. DATE RECEIVED
5. APPLICANT'S NAME
NCDOT - Planning and Environmental Branch
6. APPLICANT'S ADDRESS
P. 0. B ox 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611
a. Residence
b. Business [phone]
4. DATE APPLICATION COMPLETED
8. AUTHORIZED AGENT'S NAME AND TITLE Isn spent ia mt requiredl
H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
9. AGENT'S ADDRESS
a. Residence
b. Business
1 1. STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION
I hereby authorize, to act in my behalf as my agent in the processing of this application and to
furnish, upon request, supplemental informatian in support of this permit application.
APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE DATE
NAME, LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12. PROJECT NAME OR TITLE Isee inacruccional
R-2596A
13. NAME OF WATERBOOY, IF KNOWN �i/spp/�cab�el
See Drawings
15. LOCATION OF PROJECT " • �
McDowell'� � � � NC
COUNTY STATE
14. PROJECT STREET ADDflESS Ii/applice6/el
US 221
� 16...OTHER.LOCATION DESCRIP.TIONS,.IF,KNOWN, lseeinstrucuonsl.....,. : ..n. '
US 221 from NC 226 to North of SR 1573- ,
Y7. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE ^
SQe �ttached vicinity map. � "
�_,

18. Nature of Activity (oesc��Prron oip.o/ecr, inciude allleeruiesl ►„ �
Upgrade the existing two-lane roadway to a multi-lane roadway partially on new location.
19. Project Purpose roesedas rns .s�.wn o. ou,pose or rne p.o�ec% aes rnsrnicNnns�
To improve traffic flow along US 221 and to improve safety through improvements in
th�horiznnta�and ve�tical-alignments-of the-r.oadway
USE BLOCKS 20-22 IF DREDGED AND/OR FILL MATERIAL IS TO BE DISCHARGED
20. Reason(s) fo� Discharge
The project. is a linear project. Topographic and safety restrictions severly
limit avoidance alternatives.
21. Typels) of Material Being Discharged and the Amount of Each Type in Cubic Yards
See drawings and summary sheet.
22. Surface Area in Acres of Wetlands or Other Waters Filled rsee rnsrn�er�ons�
0.78 acre
23. Is Any Portion of the Work Already Complete? Yes No _� IF YES, DESCRIBE THE COMPLETED WORK
24. Addresses of Adjoining Property Owners, Lessees,.Etc.; Whose Property Adjoins the Waterbody.11f more than can be entered here,
please attach a supplemental listl. '
See attached list.
25. List of Other Certifications or Approvals/Denials Received from other Federal, State or Local Agencies for Work Described in This Application.
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL• IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DATE APPLIED DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED
"Would include but is not restricted to zoning, building and flood plain permits
� 26. Application is hereby made for a ermit o per s to authorize the work described in this application. 1 certify that the information in this
application i o plete an c ate. I rt r certify that I possess the authority to undertake the work described herein or am acting as the
� duly ut or' d gent of plica
, . 3
._
.. . — - -- NAT.URE OF-APPLICANT --- --------- .- ----D TE ._.._ ... ... ....---- ._.,.-SIGNATURE OF AGENT _ ---_, . . - - -- DATE - -- — � --
The application must be signed by the person who desires to undertake the proposed activity (applicant) or it may be signed by a duly
authorized agent if the statement in block 1 1 has been filled out and signed.
18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States
knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals, or covers up any trick, scheme, or disguises a material fact or makes any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any false, fictitious or
'` fraudulent�statementa or entry, shall be fined not more than S 10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years or both.

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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
MCDOWELL COUNTY '
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PROJECT:8.T871101 (R-2596A)
US 221 FROM �IC 226 TO NORTH �
OF SR 1566 '

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Stc�te of North Carolina
Departrnent of Environmenfi,
Health and Natural. Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B, Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
MEMO
To.
From:
_ Su�;��c't .
December-21, 1994
Mark Reep
NC DOT
Eric Galamb y�'� -
R-2596A Site/��isit Comments
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Sorry for� �c.:� delay in providing my comments from t.lie si te
visit to the R-2596A p`roject. On November 29,� 1994, we received
alternative designs and were asked for concurrence. DLP�� canilct
provide concurrence at this time until DOT provides detailed
stream relocation information. This information should i.nclude
but not limited to:
* stream width, depth and bank stabilization (if neede�?;
* measures to protect the WS II classificati�on of Hickory
Bottom Branch •
* justification for impacting wetlands and waters
There is a lot of truck traffic utilizing this road (���).
Accidents are over 10o higher than the statewide avera�e �or_ a
similar_road. Therefore, due to the high truck traf`�ic, the
accident rate and the high quality stream classificati:on,�DEM
requests that hazardous spill catch basin be installecl.
DEM believes that the stream can be relocated to partially
utilize the old stream bed adjacent to the mountain. This area
was brought to your attention at the site. If.this area is not
used DOT will need to justify the r�ason(s).' DEM believes
strongly in this location because apparently the stream.was at
that location prior to road construction, the banks are
stabilized, natural substrate exists, and a mature canopy shades
and protects the trout waters.
I await you response to this memo. Shoul_d you have
questions, I can be reached at 733-1786:
R2596A. mem �
cc: Steve Chapin, Ashe.ville COE
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, Norfh Carolina 2762¢0535 Te�ephone 919-733-7015 FAX [phone]
An Equcl Opporfunity Affirmative Action Employer !��0`36 rc� :yded(. �'0`J6 ?�osi-consurTaor'{ �n��Eir'
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT, JR
GOVERNOR
Eric Galamb
DEHNR - Division of Env.
4011 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Galamb:
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
November 18, 1994
Management
21607
i-
R. SAMUEL HUNT IlI
SECRF.'fARY
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SUBJECT: US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to SR 1569, McDowell County,
State Project No. 8.T871101, Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3),
TIP No. R-2596A
�
�: .
` The.North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is conducting
planning studies for the subject project. The project consists of upgrading
US 221 from two-lanes to a multilane facility a length of 4.5 miles involving
new location (refer to the attached map for project vicinity). Combinations
of four-lane and five-lane cross sections are proposed.
A field review for the subject project was conducted on October 24, 1994
to discuss potentiel impacts to Hickory Bottom Branch near the southern
project limit. Representatives from the US Army Corps of Engineers, US Fish
and Wildlife Service, NC Wildlife�Resources Commission, NC Division of
Environmental Management, and NCDOT attended the field review meeting. During
this meeting, several alternative alignments between NC 226 and SR 1562
(Johnson Hollow Road) were discussed: (1) the original design, involving
mostly symmetric widening, (2) Alternative 1, involving west side widening
and new location, and (3) Alternative 2, involving symmetric and east side
widening and new location (refer. to the attached plan sheets for
al_ternatives).
The original design consists of mostly symmetric widening along existing
US 221 between NC 226 and SR 1562. Symmetric widening substantially impacts
this stream and requires approximately 1825 feet of rechannelization. This
original design also involves substantial utility conflicts by relocating a
telephone switching station located. along the west side of US 221 just north
of the NC 226 project limit. The estimated construction cost (not including
the cost for right of way) for this portion of the original design is
$1,225,000. This design requires an additional cost of $800,000 to relocate
the telephone switching station.
��

November 18, 1994
Page 2
Alternative 1 consists of widening on the west side of US 221 for
approximately 1450 feet north of NC 226 and shifting the alignment on new
location west of the existing roadway until it crosses SR 1562. This
alternative impacts the stream channel along the west side of existing US 221
between culvert number 1 and culvert number 2. This alternative requires
approximately 600 feet of stream rechannelization to relocate the channel
east of its existing location. Alternative 1 also relocates the telephone
switching station located along the west side of US 221. The estimated
construction cost for Alternative 1 is $1,425,000. This design requires an.
additional cost of $800,000 to relocate the telephone switching station.
Alternative 2 consists of widening US 221 symmetrically and on the east
side for approximately 500 feet north of NC 226 and shifting the alignment on
new location west of the existing roadway until it crosses SR 1562. This
alternative impacts Hickory Bottom Branch in two locations requiring a total
of approximately 775 feet of stream rechannelization. Alternative 2 avoids
the telephone switching station, but impacts Hickory Bottom Branch near the
southern project limit requiring approximately 175 feet of stream
rechannelization. Alternative 2 also impacts the stream channel along the
west side of existing US 221 between culvert number 1 and culvert number 2
and requires approximately 600 feet of stream rechannelization to relocate
the channel east of its existing location. The estimated construction cost
for this alternative is $1,475,000.
NCDOT recommends the Alternative 2 design described above. This design
minimizes utility conflicts by avoiding the telephone switching station.
Between culvert number 1 and culvert number 2, this alignment is generally
the same as the Alternative 1 alignment which minimizes stream channel
impacts. Although Alternative 2 impacts two portions of Hickory Bottom
Branch, the 175-foot section of stream rechannelization at the southern
project limit has already been disturbed as part of the adjacent R-2020 and
B-1277 projects. This stream section will be restored with the Alternative 2
alignment to more closely match the existing channel. The proposed design
will impact two small wetland areas totaling 0.07 acre (refer to the wetland
evaluation in the attached memorandum).
The proposed stream rechannelizations will match existing channel
widths, vegetation cover, and substrate layers. Channel design will meander
the stream similar to the existing stream. This portion of the project is
located within a WS II water supply watershed, and hazardous spill catch
basins were considered at stream crossings. However, because the stream is
not located within the critical area of the water supply watershed and.
because the proposed shoulder section will filter pollutants from the runoff,
hazardous spill catch basins are not recommended for the project. During
construction, traffic will likely be detoured using existing SR 1556
(American Thread Road). Sedimentation and erosion control measures and best
management practices (BMP's) for high quality waters will be strictly
enforced.

�-
, � November�l8, 1994
Page 3
Please provide us with your concurrence and comments on the recommended
alternative described above. I would appreciate receiving your input by
December 13, 1994. If you need additional information, please contact Mark
Reep, Project Planning Engineer, at [phone].
Sincerely,
� �? \
�1J
�iH. Franklin Vick, P. E., Manager
HFV/plr Planning and Environmental Branch
Attachments
cc: Sandra Stepney, P. E.
Abdul Rahmani
Mark Reep, P. E.

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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
� TRr1NSPORTAT70N
I � DNISION OF HIGHWAYS
; PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
BRANCH
US 221
i FROM NC 226 TO SR 1569
McDOWELL COUNTY
' R - 2596 .A
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. STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
)AMES B. HUNT, JR DNISION Of HIGHWAYS R. SAMUEL HUNT Ill
GOVERNOR P.O. BOX25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 2%�il�-$ZOl SFCRF.TARY
October ;0, 1y9=�
MEMO�ANDli�i TO: Linwaod Stone, lirii.t Head
Project Planning linit
ATTENTIO\: �1ar.k F�eep, ?r.vject A7an�.g.er
FRO�I: �9. hanc�a.l; Turner, rn�-iroi��r�en�a.1 .�uF�er•�isor
Environmental. linit
SUBJECT: - �nticipatel Im����cts to «���ter;; aj� the LJ.S.
Resu 1 t i ng : � o.n P.ropos�r', cthant�e i he 1 ocat i.ort of
a Section• bf Hickory Boitom I�ranci�; 1�Ic�oitrell
County; TIP Nc�. R-?�9C.�; Sta.te P��oject No.
S.TS71.101
Field reconn�issance c�f che a��ea ii.kel�� te be i.mpaci:ed
bs� the proposed impro��ements to U� �2 �. �va.s corid�.acted b��
myself arid Eric Galamb (Div;sion of r�lvirer�n;en�a,. uarlagen7ent)
on October ?5, 1994. -
�;<<. �: T,:�,?; i=� �
Tne e�isting cree.k iand its ��-ate.r;�hed; ti�:�ere �zamined
careful ly fo.r �he presence or ,;u,-i.sc:: ct. ionai ,:. � i �inds .
Fur,thermore, areas target�ec� fol: relocati.c,�; d? the rel;:u�e�:
creek C�'1a11I1e 1 WEl E� ISO e;�ai11iC1eC� i�OS �i�El i nT]Ci� .
The only �vetlands iil�ely. to Le imi.�acted i��.,° t�ie ��ro��osed
action are twc smal.l sites adjace�t to the tri.butar_t- in the
vicinity ot Pr.eliminary Sta�io,ls 1+�=:0 and ]+SSO. ':�his
secti.�n of the stream is likel.v t; be J�eloc�ted cas� oi i�s
existing lc�cation. Both sites tot��l a��p�,o�aimatelti� 0.03 r�a
(0.07 ac).
Ve�eta.tion in trie vi.c.init�� of thc�e sites consists of
tS� c`11.1�eZ' �All1L2,S SB'l.'I�Lllfild.� � j'r�j l(��i' }Jl.T,'Cr] (]�E�'I?IcI 1 L1tE?t3.� �
spieeUush (Linder�. benzcain), nc�;doc�endron (Rhvdodendron�
ma�imumj , dognobble ( I eucothoe a_�.r.11 �T�.; s var. ed.t toz�um) ��nd
yellow popla.r (I iz�ioclendron Cul i��ii�er�aj . Soils are
transitional; but some �.le.��irtg i.s appa.I-ent.
� SvP.F��CI�� 1��'�'l':ERS
ApproYin�ately 215.5 n� {%0;.0 ft; of exi.sting, �erenni.ul �
stream channei ��iI•1 be reloc��teci east �f �.ts e�istin� charrei.
�
���

�
<;
(Prei iminary Stat ions 1+�60 to 1+620 ). .'1 ��ort ion of the
relocation effort ma_v utilize an abarc?oneci, e:�istin� channel
east of e�isting US ??? (east of.Preliminar�� Stati.ens 1+500
to 1+540 ). This old c'hannel ,�ti�hich ma� ha�Te Leen the
�r.iginal bed of the.e�istin� stream, is well-ve�etated and
appears to have adequate channel capacity and flood plain.
However, Hydraulics Engineer.s �i�il.l I�er.form analyses to
deterrnine �vhether modificati.ori of the ol.d c�arriel. �i�i.�i be
lequired.
SGti1�tAR`r
Table 1 provides a summary of tne lihely ;.mnac.ts to
�b�aters of th� C;�.S. that are likelv to result f�o�n ��ronosed
cons.truction of Alternative 2, as presentecl a� the field
meetin� on October 24, 199�:
Ta.t�le l.. Anticipated Impacts to ���aters of the li.S.: P�-2�96A
� I�VE`I'LANDS SURr ACE «%ATERS
S I'1'ES
Existi.ng Cn�.nnel t.Perennial) C.G� (C.�J-i 21G.0 (70�.Oi
\Tew Channel (Intermittent) - �
Note: Values given are in hectare (acr.el and mcters (f�-�et),
respectively; Intermittent channel is viewed as "t�%aEers of
the U.S.", but no impacts to c:hannel �re en��isi.onec�
c�: V. Charles Bruton, �h.D.
Cyndi Be1l.
0

N. C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DATE
TRANSMITTAL SLIP
TO: REF. NO. OR ROOM, BLDG.
�,� C�.l� .� �
FROM: REF. NO. OR ROOM, BLDG.
�� �'c �,�
ACTIOfV
❑ NOTE AND FILE ❑ PER OUR CONVERSATION
❑ NOTE AND RETURN TO ME ❑ PER YOUR REQUEST
❑ RETURN WITH MORE DETAILS ❑ FOR VOUR APPROVAL
❑ NOTE AND SEE ME ABOUT THIS ❑ FOR VOUR INFORMpT10N
C PLEASE ANSWER ❑ FOR YOUR COMMENTS
❑ PREPARE REPLV FOR MY SIGNATURE ❑ SIGNATURE
❑ TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION ❑ INVESTIGATE AND REPORT
COMMENTS:

0
�AMES B. HUNT, �R
GOVF.RNOR
. a���6� .
� �A
� �r l
� ��
'� a.,;: �<
- STATE OF NORTH CAROLI NA
DEPART,MENT OF T�tANSPORTATION
DNIS[ON OF HfGHWAYS
('.O.BOX25201, RALEIGH. N.G 27Gll-5201
November 18, 1994
R. SAMUEL HUNT I I I
S Ec iiE-rn av
MEMORANDUM T0: Meeting Participants .
FROM: Mark L. Reep, P. E. , Pro ject Planning Engineer /,�µ��
Planning and Environmental Branch �
SUBJECT: US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to SR 1569, McDoivell
County, State Project No. 8.T871101, Federal Aid Project No.
NHF-221(3), TIP No. R-2596A
A field review for the subject project was conducted on October 24,
1994. The following people attended the field review.meeting:
Stephanie Goudreau
Janice Nichols
Steve Chapin
Eric Galamb
Joe Buckner
Abdul Rahmani
Moussa Ishak
Randy Turner
Cyndi Bell
Mark Reep
Sandra Stepney
Gr.eg Brew
David Bass
NC Wildlife Resources Commission
US Fish and Wildlife Service
• " U5 Army Corps of Engineers
NC DEHNF� - Division of Em�ironmental �4gmt.
NCDOT - Division 13 Office
� NCDOT - Hydraulics Unit
NCDOT - Hydraulics Unit
, NCDOT - Pla.nning and EmTironinerital Branch
NCDOT = Planning and Ein-ironmenta.l B.r.anch
NCDOT - Planning and Environmental Branch
NCDOT - Roadway Design Unit
- �NCDOT -.Roadway Design Unit .
NCDOT - Roadway Design Unit
The purpose of.the meeting was to discuss potential impacts to Hickor.y
Bottom Branch near the southern project limit.
The meeting began with a�brief project descripti.on and � discussion of
alignment alternatives in the vicinity of Hickory Bottom Branch. Th`is
stream closely follows the existing roadway, crossing back and forth ac.ross
the roadway for approximately 2500 feet. Three alternatives were presented
in this area between.NC 226 and SR 1562 (Johnson Hollou� Road): (1) the
original design, involving mostly symmetric widening, (2) Alternative 1,
involving west side widening and new location, and (3} Alternative 2,
involving symmetric and east side widening and netiv location.
The original design consists of mostly symmetric widening along
, existing US 221 between NC 226 and 5R 1562.. S��mmetric «-idening
substantially impacts this-stream and requires approximately 1S25 feet of
rechannelization. In addi.tion, this original design involves substantial
utility conflicts by relocating a telephone s«Jitching stat'ion located along
the west side of US 221 just north of the NC 226 project limit. The
���

�-
� ` Memorandum
Page 2
esti.mated construction cost (not including the cost for right of way) for
thi�s portion of the original design is $1,,225,000. This design requires an
additional cost of $800,000 to relocate the telephone switching station.
Alternative 1:consists of widening on the west side of US 221.for
approximately 1450 feet north of NC 226 and shifting the alignment on new
location west of the existing roadway until-it crosses SR 1562. This
alternative impacts the stream channel along the west side of existing US
221 between culvert number 1 and culvert number 2. This alternative
requires approximately 600 feet of stream rechannelization to relocate the
channel east of its existing location. Alternative 1 also relocates the
telephone switching station located along the west side of US 221. The
estimated construction cost for Alternative 1 is $1,425,000. This design
requires an additional cost of $800,000 to relocate the telephone switching
station.
Alternative 2 consists of widening US 221 symmetrically and on the east
side for approximately S00 feet north of NC 226 and shifting the alignment
on new location west of.the existing roadway until it crosses SR 1562. This
alternative impacts Hickory Bottom Branch in two locations requiring a total
of approximately 775 feet of stream rechannelization. Alternative 2 avoids
the telephone switching station, but impacts Hickory Bottom Branch near the
southern project limit requiring approximately 175 feet of stream
rechannelization. Alternative 2 also impacts the stream channel along the
west side of existing US 221 between culvert number l and culvert number 2
and requires approximately.600 feet of stream rechannelization to relocate
the channel east of its existing location. The estimated construction cost
for this alternative is $1,475,000.
NCDOT favors the Alternative 2 design described above. This design
minimizes utility conflicts by avoiding the telephone switching station.
Between culvert number 1 and culvert number 2, this alignment is generally
the same as the Alternative 1 alignment which minimizes stream channel
impacts. Although Alternative 2 impacts two portions of Hickory Bottom
Branch, the 175-foot section of stream rechannelization at the southern
project limit has already been disturbed as part.of the adjacent R-2020 and
B-1277 projects. �This stream section will be restored with the Alternative
2 alignment to more closely match the eYisting channel.
The review agency representatives agreed to provicie letters of comment
and concurrence on this portion of the project. Planning and Environmental
will send a letter to the agencies requesting their concurrence.
MI.,R/

N. C. I]EPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
I DATE
TRANSMITTAL SLIP
TO: REF. NO. OR ROOM, BLDG.
�-•c �a�u.x L✓
FROM: REF. NO. OR ROOM, BLDG.
�'LLY/�� / ���`� I
ACTIOfV
❑ NOTE AND FILE ❑ PER OUR CONVERSATION
❑I NOTE AND RETURN TO ME ❑ PER VOUR REQUEST
❑ RETURN WITH MORE DETAILS ❑ FOR VOUR APPROVAL
❑ NOTE AND SEE ME ABOUT THIS ❑ FOR YOUR INFORMATION
❑ PLEASE ANSWER ❑ FOR VOUR COMMEN75
❑ PREPARE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE ❑ SIGNATURE
❑ TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION ❑ INVESTIGATE AND REPORT
COMMENTS:

� .. - • �'�:,� .�
� ,��
� � �':� 1�� �
� ��
.���
' STATE OF NOEZTH CAROLINA
' �� DEPARTMENT OF �RANSPORTAT[ON
)ANtES B. HUNT, JR. DIVIS[ON OF H►GHWAYS R. SAMUC-I_ HUNT I I i
Govei.NO� .:Pp,gpX25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27G]1-5201 SECitr:r�izY
� �ECEIII�
o�tober 13, 1��� QC� 18 1994
• �WVIFtONM�T,�i SClENCE�
:��'MOR=�,1�'DU";vi T0: Meet ing Par�ticipants
1�ROM: Mark Re���.�Y, Project Pianning Encineer
. Plannin� and,Environmental Branch
SUB.JECT: Upcoming fi�ld revieGV (October '�4) for +�S 2?1 iroi,� \C 226
near Woodla�n to SR 1569,= �icDowe? 1 Count.-; T:IP ?�o. R-2�96A
A fieid review for the.subject project is schedu.led for :�4oricAay
QCtO'uL'I' �� � � y94 tO C11SCllS$: i�?L PTO j°Ct � S 1TiVO � V�[1i°Ilt ',:''1 Ch si reams c1iiG.
natural resources. We wiil'�et at.12:30 p.m. at the �.C�. Wi.lc?lit"e,
F'.esources Commission Depat. in _Marion and travel to �he i�I�C��ect site f�7� a
f ield revie�v (refer to the at�ached sheet for direct ions ).
TL you need additional iniormation, please contact me a<
( 919 ) 733-75=�2.
ivff_.}��
r� � i 8. iiITIPTI i.
i��'�s
,

i . , •
DIRECTIONS TO THE �.C. WILDLIFE P.ESOUT'�CES C0�IISSION DEPOT
,',
��` - Take the US 2?i Bypass etit from I-40 in Mari'on and co north.
� - Travel past the,intersection with US 70 { at the �tialMart Shopping Center? :
� and turn right at the negt traffic sigral. to follotis� U5 221.Business.
- Make an immediate left tiirn on SF. 1��3 (Hankins Road) and �0 1-1/2 to 2
miles.
- Turn left on.Fish Hatchery Poad (the first road past the Knoilurood _
Subdivision?. �
- Travel l/4 mile and turn ri4;�t onto ihe Depot driveway before reachin� the
hatchery gate. Enter the Depot tYirough the back door.
�
�

n, , c.
�.M1ES B. HUN'C JR
GOVERNOR
' ��'�,.i STAT dw�� ' .
�',�_f'. 'A���
�g ' , �`�_4�^� .��
�,�� I, �•J��
� � -•O�`a.wTM . . '
��
STATE OF NORTH CAROL(NA
DEPARTMENT OF Z�A�1SPqRTATION
� - DNISION OF HIGHWAYS� � �
P.O. B Uct5ob1er��1;3�H, N.�.�27Git-"20t
ly
SAM HUNT
SECR[TARY
��E�fO.RA.�Dli��� T0: �fe.et ing Participants -
rROM: Mark Reep,�. L. , Project Planninc Ei��:ineer
Plannino and Environmental Branch
SUI3JECT: Travel and lodging arran,ements f�r u�corlin^ R-259E� A field
revie�v (Octobe.r 34 ), McDowel 1 Co�r.:`�
I nave resPrved a 1? passenyer. van for th� i?�i�' tri��. «ie car n;eet .�t.
t�vo locations on Octobe.r ?4:
].. State Motor I'oel on Person Street a� 7:�� a:�.
�. ti4arketplace Shopping �ta11 at I-40 and 4�?��c,f� Boul.ev«1�d a�
%:30 a.m.
Please let me know where you want to meet me. �
I have also reserved rooms at the Ham�ton in� in Boone �or that ni�h�
�t a rate of $44 plus tax. The motel is located an \� 10� near N:: 20�
(Telephone [phone]). '
We should arrive back in Raleigh before the end af the work da�; on
Tuesday October 25. If you need additional.informa�aon, ple��se cail me.at
73�-Z842.
�4T_.R/
PHONE (9l9) 733-7384 FAX (9i9) 733r9428
�
��
�
-� ,
1

,
� � �
�;
��°ir<enin� o? �:� _'?1
from \C ?'G to SR l;�c;
�!cDo�i-ell Ccuntt-
T.I.P. �o. k-?,9ci7
State Project ti0. S.TS"?IOI
Federal Aid :�0. \HF-??1(31
NATURAL RESOURCE TECHNICAL REPORT �
R-2S96A
:�ORTH CAROLINA DEPAFT�tE\T OF TRAtiSPURTATIO\
DI�'ISION OF HIGHWAYS
PLA\\II�G AND EtiVII:O\h9E\TAL BRA:�CH
E:�TV 1 FOI��•tE?�TAL U?� I T
J:�:�ET L. SHIPLEI'
Au�ust 1994
�-='

�
TyBL� OF CO\TE\15
1.0 Introduction ....................... ..................�
1.1 Proj°ct.Uescription ...............................1
l.? Purpose ............... ..........................i
1.3 Studv Area .........................................1
1.4 '�lethodolo�� .........................................1
?.0 Biotic Resources .....................................?
�.I. PlanL Communities ...............................?
?.? Riidlife-Terrestrial ............................4
?.3 Aquatic Life ....................................�
?.� Biotic Resource Impacts .............'............:
3.0 .Ph�-sical Fesources ....................... ..........,
3.1 Soils and Topo�raph�-..... ..........................
3.? �'ater Resources ......... ........................-.
� 3.2.1 t�fater Resource Impacts .....................9
4.O Sz�ecial Topics ............................... .......Q
4.1 Jurisidictional.R-aters of the.United States......y
=�.1.1 Permits ........... .............. .......10
�.1.? Mitisation ................................10
4:2 Rare and Protec:ed Species..... ...............10 �
�.'.1 Federali� Protected Species ...............10
4.?.? Federal Candidate/State Protected Species.l3
�.0 Feferences ...........................................1�
APPE\DI�i :� - :�atural Resource ARenc�- Commnets
)

�
1.0 INTRODUCTIO�
The foilo���ir� �atu-ai Fesources
prepared to assist in :ne prepar�:tion
Enti�ironmental Assessmer.t (EA).
1.1 Pro�ect Description
Tecnnica: �e;.or� :s
oi a federai.l�- iunded
The proposed project pro�-ides for improved traiiic
carr�-in� capacit�- of LS 221 from ?�C 2?6 near ��`ooria�ti�n to SF.
1�69 near \orth Cove. McDou�ell Countv. The projec_ cails for
upgrac�in� the e�isting two-lane road���}- to a multilane
facilit�-, in�ol`-ing some ne�v location. Combinations of four-
lane and fi��e-Iane tS�picai sections are proposed thro��hout
the project. Total project len�th is ';.? l:m,l�.� milesl.
1. Five-lanes �ti�ith shouiders are proposed from tiC ??6
project limit to 0.3 km (0.4 mile) north oi' tiC '_'6.
Proposed right-of-w�a�- ���idth rarres from 4?.- to 16-.� m
(140 to ��0 feet).
?. Four-lane dividec� «-ith a 6." m('? ft) median �s pronosed
from 0.? km (0.�+ mile? north of \C ??6 to Sh 1:;6. �
Proposed ri�nt-of-��a�� widLh ��aries from -0.1, to i�1.I m
i'?30 to �3C ft ) .
3. Four-lane di�-icied �i�ith a l� m(4G ft) ��assed median is
nroposed f rom SR 1 �� 6 to SF 1�69 . Pr•oposed r i�nt -e? -«�a�•
�i�idth varies from �S.S to 195.� m(160 to 6�0 ft).
1 . '? Purpose
The purpose of this technical report is to describe the
natural s}-stems found «�ithin the project area and to, document
probable impacts to these s��stems.
1.3 Study Area
0
SLbject project is located in rural �1cDo�i�ell Count�.
located in the �;ountain Pnysiographic Prorince between Lne
To�°ns of «'oodla��n and North Co�-e (Fig. 1). ;ne immediate
project vicinit�� area is primarilti- abandoned pasture, ioresL.
and li�ht residential and commercial de�relo�ment.
1.4 Methodolo�y
An ecolo�ical sur��ey was conducted Au�ust �, 1994 to
identif�- vegetati�-e communities and �i•ildlife species
contained within the project area. V"egetati�-e.communities
and «•ildlife ���ere inventoried and mapped durin� on-site
sur�-e��s. ��'etlands ti��ere identified, usin� methods in the
Corps of EnRineers �t'etl�:nds Delineation Manual (i9S").

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,)
,
In-house nrEpaa-atcr�: �car�_ ��-as corrnie�ea p� �cr to �: .;e:�
��isit. Tne C:SGS Li::ie S«-itzer:und anc: �sizio�c quaaranC:e
mans. and tne h��dric soi ls 1 ist ior �icDo���ei 1 c:_c,unt�� ti��ere
studied �o iden�iit� notentiai �retlar.d sites. Seil:�
in?ormation «°as obtaineci from the Soii Canser��ation Ser��:ce
( SCS ) in �9cDo«�e I 1 Count��. The Er.� ironmentai Sensit i��i ��� Base
�tap . for titcDo���e 1 1 Count`� ���as ut i i i zed to deter►nine i f an��
sensitice resources are present in the project area.
"Classifications and ��'ater Qualit�- Standards Assi�ner. to the
4t'aters of tne Cata�ti�ba Ri�er Basin'° (:�.C. Dept. of
Environment. Health and \atur�i Resources) «�as consulted �o
determine the best usa�e classification tor a�ea streams.
�.C. :�atural Herita�e ProRram (NC\HP) and Fish and «'il,dlife
Service (FWS? files �ti�ere rerie�;�ed to determine if ani°
protected or rare flora or fauna occurs in the project area.
�.0 BI�TIC RESOURCES
Distribution and composition o� biotic resources
throu�hout the �roject area reflect� to�o�raphic positionin�.
h��drolo�ic influences. and pa�: an� present land use
practices. Terrestriai �i�iidiife is addressed separatei�•.
rather t'r.an in tne conte�t of biotic communities. «'iicilife
o�ser��ed durin� f ie ici in�-es: i�a; ions are denoted b�- l*} in
the test. Common and scientific names are pro��ided for each
species listed. In subsequent references to Lhe same
orRanism. on1�- the common name is �i��en.
?.1 Plant Communities
The project area is rural, censistinR nrimaril�� of
pasture land, private residences and mi�ed pine/nard«°ood
iorest. Four plant communities �vere identified in the
project area: I�taintained, Mi�ed Herbaceous Assembla�e.
Fiparian Frin�e. and Uak/Hic};or�- Forest. \atural communit�-
profile descriptions, where applicable. �ave been adopte� and
modified from the tiCtiH� c.lassification scneme l5chaiale anci
�1-eakle�� 1990 ) .
�laintained Communities
Residenti.al la�vns, pasture land and roadsicie shoulders
constitute maintained communities in the project area. In
this communiti� man's structures or acticities preclude
natural plant succession. Scattered homes are interspersed
��ith larae ve�etable gardens, ��oocilots, smali acreaRes of
Christmas tree farms and pasture. Maintained la«-ns support
turf (Festuca sn.) as the dominant �reaetati�e comnonent.
complem�nted ��ith landscape ornamer.tais such as red maple
(:Acer rubrum ). dog��ood ( Cornus f 1 or i da 1, and rose ba�-�
(Rhododendron maximum). Pasture land is comprised oi fescue
and cic�-ers (Trifolium spn.).

�
Disturhed Her:�acecus ?,ssE^��'a�e
The �-e�e�a:�un ci .his co:nmun�t-: cc:�sists :�ri;na� � i1- o£ her��;.
�+�ith less than �0 percent ce�-er o: snru�s. Tnis cemr^unit}• is
comprised ot abandoneG a�ricu:;ura? fielr,s. re���e�iine cuts. �nd
pasture lands «�hicn na�-e been a: ia«�e� ro ret-eReLate na.�ara� i�-.
T��nical oi earl�� staRes of succession. t?�ese a:eas are cnar2.cterized
b�- plants th�t. ha�-e shert life c��cles. Tnis t�-pe oi communitt- is
considered the initial phase of re��e�eta:ior,. or successional stase
that develoi�s in a hi�hl�� disturbed are�. �
Comm,on piant species inclucie broom-sed�e {:�ndrono�en
t�ir�inicusl. daise�� (Chr�-santhemum leacanthemum), trumpet
vine (Camnsis radicans). �-etch (Viccia sn.l. do�-fennel. and
radbit tobacco (Gna��halium obtusifolium). Grasses make up a
larse component of this communit�-. T�pical representati�-es are crab
€rass (Di�itaria sanauinalis). panicum (Panicum bosci�), pasnalum
(Pasnalum di latatum) - Bermuda �rass {C��r.ocion dact� ion 1 �nd bent
�rass (AQrostis SA.). ,
Fit�arian IrinRe forest
Riparian fringe forest is seascnail�• to intermittentll-
flooded, and is confined to stream and ri�-er emUant�ments.
�llu�-ia1 soils support a canop�- of s�-camore (Pla�anus
occicentaiis}, I•ed maple (Acer rubrum), and tuiip tree
(Liriociendron tulit�ifera). Blact� �t�alnut lJu,iar.s :,i�ra) is
scattered throu�hout. Black ���illo«� lSa:i� ni�ra) io:m.s a
tn�ck subcanop�'. These meist-to-«ret cenditions supnort
nerbaceous plants such as impatiens (Impaciens caaens:s).
fa:se nettle (Boehmeria cvlindrica). Joe-p��e-w�eeci lF'uUaterium
maculatum). sensitive fern (Unoclea sensibiiis). and iron�i-eed
(�'ernonia noi-eboracensis ) .
Oa�:-Hickorv Forest
` Oai:-hic�or�r forests are the principal communities
tra��ersed in areas of new location. The closed-to-someu�hat open
canopies on ridgetops are dominated by �eronnti�tic species sucn
as �vhite oak (Quercus alba). associated ��rith species such as
scariet oak (� coccinea), black oak ((�. celutina), and pignut
nic�orir (Carva �Iabra). White pine lPinus strobus) is scattered
throu�hout, probabli� indicative of nast disturbances. On
sheltereci slopes, mesic species occur, such as Canadian hemlock
(Tsu�a cana�iensis} beech (Fa�us �randifolia), and umbrella tree
('�",a�nolia iraseri). Red maple and sour«�ood (Oz�-dendrum arboreum)
are pret-aient in the understorv. A thic�: shrub la�rer is
characterized b�� mountain laurel (kalmia latiiolia). roseba�-
(Rhododendron matimuml and blueberr�° (�'accinium sp.)
A diverse herb la�rer is principall�- comprised of partrid�e
berry !?�titchelia rer.ens). �ala1 (Gaiax apnvlla). Christmas fern
(Fol��stichum acrosticnoicies). 1nd 'neart leaf {He�;ast��:is sp.1.
The narasitic herb. Indian pine (`,1ono.rona �dorata). is scattered
�

z .
tilrcL�:�au� this co�:�mu;:_t �-. a�. i; sc;ua�=,-1'OC. �;.':7P.��* ;�'� �:;Ii:E'_ C3t�ci' .
«'!1: CI1 i5 �2I'c^.S 1: 1 C 011 S'00 �S O; tI't,'E'S . Di 12iCi ^F:! 1 �' Oc F:S .
�r. in.e:estins ��ariation of .he abo��e. co;rm�,::�i.t�- occ,�rs or.
«�n�: mav be cio'omiiic :imesi011e. T:�is n�nite ou�cronp_ne o? roc�
occurs ir, tne vic?nit�• oi t� �?I and SF 1��G. A cc-dcminan: c�nan��
is comprised of suRar ma�.�ie (:�cer saccnaruml anr. roc�
cnestnut ea�. (Quercus montana). Fed cedar ;Juninerus �-:r=inianal
occurs sporadicall�-. Blacl� �ti-alnut and cninquapin (Cninauanin
pumila) are found in r�ore mesic conditions at the b�se o� the
slope.
?.? �Vildlife
� The semi-rural nature of the project area. combined ��ith a mi�
of ��iant communit�• patterr.s, provide a�-ariet�- of opportunities for
�arious forms of mobile i�ildlife. Forested .
tracts ha`�e a11 the necessar�- compon.ents (food. «�ater, protecti�Te
co��era�e) Lo support a number of small and lar�e mammals,
includin� biack bear (L:rsus americanusi. �i•hite-tailed deer
(Odocoileus vir�iniana), i•accoon lProc��on lot��r). striped sL.�nk
(?�1ephitis menhitis). �rat- squi:rei (Sciurus carolinensis?.
�i�oodchuck (�tarmota monaa ), and eastern cottor.tai 1( 5�•l�-i la�us
fioridanus). �
Black bear need lar�e areas of refu�e. Renerall�- �i-itn
tnich forest cover ��i:ich is inaccessible to humans.
Comr;ents from Stephanie Goudreau, �tountain Fe�ion
C'oordinator in tne Habitat Conservation Proaram (R'RC1• states
t7at ��idening the road�var in this area has tne potenLial to
impact tne resident black i�ear population. The elisting road«�a}�
bisects the C.S. Forest Ser�ice (L'SPS} Grandfather Ran�er Distric�
c��here bear densit ies are hi�n. u�idenin� the road«�a�- �-i i i im�act
bear mo�ement ta some de�ree and will likely increase hi�h���a�-
mortal it�-.
white-tailed deer prefers areas of mi�ed a�e-star.ds of forest.
interspersed �vith open iands. It is primaril�- a crepuscular
herbi�ore, feeciina on hert,s. mast, and a^ricultural crops. Ueer
sigr. and si�htings «�ere common in all habitats.
Birds are the most conspicuous fauna encountered in "
forested tracts. The rub��-throated hummingbird (Archilocnus
colubris) made se��eral close appearances, consuminR nectar
from the tubular flower_s of bay rose. The rufous sided
to�irhee (Pipilo•ervthrophthalmus) is �•er3- common as is the
red-eved tiireo (�%ireo o1i�-aceus). Both are readil�- obsertTed
in ioresteci habitats.
Birds oUser�-ed in maintained communities. �rhich are
vear-round residents, are the American �*oidfinch* (Carciu�iis
tristis). sono sparroa-* (%teiospiza melodia), and :�merican
cro�cX (Corvus bracnrrn�•nchosl. .� pair of cardinals*
(Cardinalis cardinalis) «�ere obser�ed :n area lan�ns. Eirds

;
of pre�- suc� ns the Coopc: 's ha«�:� (_�cc:niter coo;�tri i.
_�mericar. i:estrei (Fa;co ST�3i\-EI�1ll5}. re�-SriOL'1Clereci n����:
(�suteo iineata5). and red-taiiE�d '���•� (£u.eo ;c�m�:icen5isl are
etpected to occur oti-er these oper. I"ands. pre��in� on rc.dents.
snakes. froRs, cra��fisn. and sor_u�:ds. �4an�� e«s.ern
cottontails�«�ere obser�-eC, nrot�idin� a readi?�: dF31?a�le fcoc:
source for birds of pre��..
Streams in the area. pro��i�e �reeciin� opportunities for
man�� amphibians. Amphibians, in particular, are hi�hi�-
�i�ater-dependEnt for completion of lar�-a1 sta^es ir: their life
c�-cle. The two-lined salamander* (ELrrcea bi�:ineata) ma�� be
a common resident. li�-ina in seepaR�s and streams tnrou�hout
the project area. SlimS� c�:;amanders* (Plethodon Rlutinosus)
«�ere found under lo�.s in areas of moist. steep side siopes.
\rumernus tiorthern dusk�rs* (DesmoRnatnus fuscusi «�ere captured
in Pe�per Creek. It is a ver�� abundant saiamander in streams
anci wooded rati�ines. Tne red baL' (Lasiurus boreaiis), and
evenin� bat (\�-eticeius humeralis),'are likel� to occur in the
s:udy area, foraging ot-er mountain streams. consumin� motns,
iiies. beeties. crickets. and other insects.
?.'? Aauatic Life
The \orth ForK Cata��-ba Ri�-er and its t�ibutaries support
a direrse aquatic communit�r. iikel�- rish te oe 2ounci in
these cool waters are the central stoneroller (Campostoma
dnomaluml, fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare), �reennead
sniner (:�otrovis chiorocepnalus). warpaint shiner (�.
cocco�enis), blacknose dace iRninichth�- satratulus), rosz-side
dace (C:inostomus funduloides), and northern ho� sucker
(H�'z�entelium nigricans). Common �ame iish inciude tne
rain�o�;� trout (Oncorhvnchus mvkiss ). and bro«-n trout ( SaliTZc
trut:al. Lar�e numbers o1 Tedbreast sunfish (Lepomis
auritus) �nd other pan fish are common (ners. comm. :obert
Bro�an, R'F.0 Asst . Fisheries Biolo4ist ). Food sources are
�enerallv terrestrial and aquatic in�-ertebrates; principally
insects. detritus. and bentnic or�anisms. Abundant or common
benthcs in these ceol, lotic «�aters. include caddi5flies
(F:h��aconhia �-uphines ) . (�-ficrasema bennetti ) , and
(Brach�-cercus sp.); ma`�flies (?�eophemera prupureal, lEpeor�s
spp), and stoneflies {Pe:toper?a sp.).
?.3 Bictic Communitv Im�acts
Project construction on nen� aii�nment �i�ill. eliminate
poriions of forested communities and degrade ti;ese
communities b�- habitat fra�mentation. Loss oi habita� is
iinelv to reduce the r.umber of an�mals �vnic'r. rei�• on �he5e
communities for snelter and fora�in� habitat. Less of
:�abitat ar.d rra�menLa:ion can c�use�a disr�.:ption oi �ot'n.
snort-term (diurral, nocturna:; rr:i�ratior.s. and :cr:g tCrTil
sEa�onai miRrations of ar.i�«a? popu:ations, depenainR on
ir:Gi�-idual spec;es rert:i�emen:s for food. water. and co��r.

_-�r::r.,�: m:�-ra;:cn n�a�.
nc_se. anc: ioac:�_iiis
cE�rtair, s,�ec:es.
�.
2�'_SO J? iP,t��'_'LiD:EC� CL'C _C i'ti?iC::;�.:'
v,-i � i r:�crease n��rnbe� ; c: ir.d: � iciva; s:,i
�
Impac�s cue to the pro_�csed «�ic:i;r,inR «�i : I be ref i.cted
in L'ne crea:ion oi ne�ti- haUita: and in �ne aiteration ::nc
eliminat�on of previousl�• etiistin` nabi��t. �u��er�anear.
burro��inQ and sio��� mo��in� or�arisms �i�ili be eiiminatec.
La��er. raster animals «�ill be. ciisriaced. -
The ioss and deRradation of teiidliie habitGt,
particuiarlt- for aquaLic species. are serious impacts that
�i�i 11 result t rom dred�in�, i i 11 ir.g. cul�-ert niacemer.t
operations, slope stabilization anr, land clearin�. These
constructicr. acti��i:ies resuit in the direct ioss of benthic
or�anisrr�s and an increase in silt ioad in ti��etland,�aauatic
en��ironments. Mobile aqua:ic or�anisms are betLer abie to
a�-oid impacts, tnan tnose sc�ecies that are iilter feeders
and/or re�ati�-Ely immobile. Tne remocai of benthic or�anisms
reciuces �he petentiai food supply for ��ertebrate and ac:uatic
or^anis�ns .
S i 1 taL ion has many . adt-e, se irr�act s on aq�:at i c or�an� sms :
decreases .ne depth of lignt nenetration inhib�tin� piant and
ai4a1 �re«�tr. �chich is a food source: cio�s.tne fiitration
apparatus of filter-feeciin� benthos and the �iils of iisn:
buries benthic or�anisms in the disturbed substrate, cuttin�
them off from a rood source: acit-ersel�- modiiies preferred
�enthic sui�strate: and spoils C�O�i'nstream spawning 'JEC�S for
fish.
Tne majorit�- of crossin�s are intermittent str.eams.
P?annin� construction durinQ cr�- stream times uouid minimize
an�� po�entiai impacts to these s��stems.
Tabie 1 summarizes potential losses from proposed
project construction. Galculations are based on ri�ht-of-�i�at-
iimits of 14C to 5�0 ft (4?.i to 1ti7.- m)
Tabie l. A:�'TICIPATED BIOTIC CO?�•tMU'�IT1 IMPACTS
�
COMMUNITY IMPACTS
Hectares (Acres)
'�;aintained Communit5- 3Q.1 ( l�.3)
Nited Herbaceous Assembla�e ?4.0 (60.01
Riparian Frin4e 6.G (16.$)
Oai:-Hic�:or�� Forest � ; .2 ( 18. 1 )
TOTAL 6'.9 1169.5)

a
3.0 PHYSICAL RESOL`FCES
3.I Soils and Topo�raphy
L��ing with,in the �ioun;ain Soi ± F:�^ion. sut�ject �re,;ect
is t�-itnin the Broad aasins. Ri��er Te:races and Fiood Piain
Soil System. �Tnis intermountair, basin is ccmi;osed c: lc«�
mountair,s. discontinuous ri�-er terraces. and f:ooe pl�:ins.
�arro�i� rid�es and steep side siepes occur in some areas a:
ma�imum eievations of �SS m(1600 itj, but the m3jor gortion
oi subject project lies in tne �nrth Ferk Cata��;ba ti�-er fiood
plain chasacterized 'a�- lo«� relief.
Rosman loam and Evard soils are the princinal ma^pin�
units �vithin the stud�- area. F.osmar. loam consists of deep,
�reii drained, r.eari�� le�-el soils on flood piair.s adjacent to
streams. �vnile Et-ard.soils are ty�icaii�- cn smoe�n, foot
slopes. �either are classified as li:�dric seils.
3.� Water Resources
Thirteen ti-aterbodies are ir�ercepted bti- subjecc nro,;ect
b�- ��ay of bridees and cuieerts: Hict�or�- Branch. Conlet- Branch,
Pe�ner Creel;. '�fartin Branch, and Honevcu;t Creek are nerennial
strearns «�hile other c�ossin�s are inter►nittent. Hickor�� Brancn
is crossed four times. These «�aters are tributaries to the \ortn
Fork Cata�i�na Ri�Ter and 'tie ��ithin the Cata«�ba Five?' Busin. Tnis
ri�•er_arises from the eastern slopes of the southern Blue hid�e
�lountains «�ith most of the basin occurring in Lhe inner Piedmont.
Perennial streams in the project area are medium to hi�h
�radient, streams. Physical characteristics o* major �vater�odies
�nclude a rock/cobble/sand substrate, approYimately 4.6 to 6..1 m
(l� co 20 ft) in width. iNcst are bordered by hardwood forest.
w'ater denth a�era�ed about 0.3 to 0.6 m(1 to 1.� ft) at time of
�-isit.
�1ost crossings are small, intermi�tent streams ha�rir.�
�er�- narrow channel �vidths ��ar��ing from 0.3 m( 1 it ) to 1.� m
(� ft) �i-ith no asseciated wetlands. V1'ater le�reis ti�-ere hi�n.
ciue to recent heat-�- rains and f lo�i�-rate was rapid. Stream
substrates are cobble/boulder and sand. Adjacer.t �e�etatior.
�;�as of the mesic mixed 'nard«�ood t�-pe. The drainage pattern
is dendritic, highl�� dissecting the iandscape.
"Best usa�e" classifications are assi�ned to the �i�aters
of :�orth Carolina d�� the Division of Environmentai '�4anaaement
(DEA4�. A summar� of "best usa�e" water classificaLionsvfor
v��ater resource components lil�:elti� to recei�-e impacts are
listed in Table 3 beio�v. A summarv of tne "best usaRe" for
«hich the waters in each ciass must be protected. feiio��:s.

J
d'J! e �. �'BeSt L,58�Z� I.:GSSit iC: L iOP.S O? �1c`'„Ei K25GL.1iCe�
WATER RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION
rict:orr Bo:tom Branch C Tr
Conie�� Branch � Tr
Three linnamed Tributaries C Tr
Martin Branch C Tr
T«�o Unnamed Tributaries to \ortn Fork Cata�cba C Tr
F�epper Creek C Tr
Honevcutt Creeb: C Tr
Anr stream whicn is not named in the scheduie of stream
ciassifications carries :ne same classiiication as that
assigned to the stream seRment to ��hicn it is tributary.
Class C designates «�aters suit,able :or secondar��
recreation. aquatic life propa�ation and surci�ai. fishin�,
�viidlife arid a_riculture. The s�gpiemental ciassiiication of
Trout �i'aters (Tr) is intended to protecL freshwaters for
natural trout propanation and the sur�-ival oi stoched trout.
The \C Di�ision of Lanci Resources has a special buffer zone
reauiremenL u�hich appiies to ali DEhi Trout 41"aters. These
ruies require an ur.disturbed buffer zone -.6 m 1`?� ft )«�icie
or of sufricient «�idt'r. to confine ��isib:e siitation «°itnin
the t«�ent�--i ive percent of the buffer zone r.e.arest the lar.ci-
ciisiur�ir.s activit�r. «�hicne�-er is �reatest. Protection
measu:es include special numeric instream ���ater qualit��
standards to protect trout. _
A portion of the project area from '�C 2�6 nor:h«�ard
approximatel�T 0.3 km (0.7 mile}, falis witnin the Armstron�
Cree� «�atershed, classified as �VS-II. Projects that are
Iocated �°ithin 1.6 km (1 mile) upsiope from a HQW and iail
��?thin a HQ�4' zone are subject to special rebulacions as
�efined in "DesiRn Standards in Sensitive «atersreds"
(Tl�A:0�B.0024) of the Sedimentation Controi �uidelines.
The Benthic �9acroin�-ertebrate Ambient :�et«•ork (B?�4A'� )
addresses lon� term trends in water quality aL fitied
monitorin� sites b�- the sampling for selected benthic
macroinvertebrates. Benthic macroinvertebrates are sensiti:-e
to `�er�� subt le changes in �•ater quai it��. Good water qual ity
is assaciated with both hi^h ta�a richness values and the
presence of many intolerant forms. t�-ater qualit�-.degradation
�radua:l5- eliminates the more sensiti�-e species and leads to
a communit�- structure auite diiferent from tnat in an
unstressed stream. :�o specific c:ata is az°aila�le for area
streams ��ithin the pro;ect area. ?n �eneral, streams in the
Catawba River Basin ha�e saod to eYCellent �;�ater cualit�-.

�
The \ationai Po: i�tan: Disc7ar-^_e E: i:��n�::._,n ::�.-st°n:
(\�DE�? lists no Gischar�ers ror t;�e project r.reti. :�either
Outstandin� Resource ��'aters (OF.��") . r.cr �i��::ers �:csi�nz,ted as
«'S-I wili be impac.ed ��- tne proposed �roject, nor are these
resources locateci ��-ithin 1.6 I�_m (G.1 mi'_e1 of t�e p��oj�ct
a:ea.
3.?.1 St'ater Fesource Imnacts
Surface water impacts are anticinated fer all stream
crossings. Steep slopes in the project area mandaLe tne need
for strin^ent erosion and sedimenta?on control.measures.
Cul��erts and/or pipes u-ill ne installed, reducing tne linear
feet of natural stream channel. O�her �otential impacts are
increased sedimentation.from erosion.due to brid�e
replacement; concentration of Lo�ic compounds from hi�h«�a�r
runoff and/or to�ic spiiis: scouring oi stream deds due to.
Lhe char.nelization of streams: alterations of �vater ?ei-els
due to interruptions or additions to`.surficial and/or
Rroundwater flow: chan�es.in iight incidence due to the
remot-al of ve`etati�-e cover.
It seems likeiy that stream channel modification or
relocation will be reauired for se�ments of Pepper Creei� (.30�
m( 1000 ft 1. �1art in Branch ��� m( 900 ft ), and Hici�or�- Bottom
Branch ;9� m(300 ft). Tnese shali be treated as a"standard
reiocation", applicable �tirhen �reater than 30.5 m(iC0 ft) of
totai relocation is required a: a eiven crossin;, or mo=�e
Lhan 1{.? m(�0 ft) is relocaten on any one sicie (ups�ream or
do«•nstreaml. Relocation shouid be similar to orig.inai
channel in wicith, depth, gradient, and suustrate. The
estabiishment of bank �-e�etation via a planting re�ime is
reauired. :�eanders and habitat structures (root �-ads. ���in�
defiectors, e:c.� should appro?�imate the ori�inal stream. �In
accorciance �-ith tne Fish and Wildlife Coordination �ct, as
amended f16 L'�SC 661 et seq.), the NCDOT �n�ill coordinate such
act i���it ies r��ith the \ortn Carol ina R'i ldl ife Resources
Co�nmissior.
Recommendations
-Scheduie instream activities durin� dry or lo«- iio« perieds.
-�on-point sediment sources should be identified and efiorts
made to control sediment runoif.
-Strict adherence to Best Aqana�ement.Practices and
Sedimentation Control euidelines for HQW's should be
implemented durin� the construction phase of the project.
-Provide for hazardous spi11 catchments �vithin the HQ��' zone.
4.0 SPECIAL TOPICS
4.1 Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S.
Surface ��aters and associateci wetiands ?all under the
broaci .catepor�- of "��'aters oi the Lnited States" as defined ir.
�3 CFR 3?S.3. The LS :�rm�- Corps of �,n�ineers (COE} t�r.es

?0
jurisdiction o�-er the discnar��� oi d�er:�ee o� =i'__ n��:�_r�a:
into these «�aters o1 the L. �.. ::s aut:�e: i zec b•.- �ec �:an =�� oi
the Clean ���ater Ac:.
Four jurisdictional «-etl�nd sites (�'i^.?! «'Ci°
identiiied in tne nroject area usin� methods in the Corps of
En�ineers ��'etiands Delineation '�lanual ( I9S� 1. J�risciic�ional
wetlands are associated «ith Hickor�- Bottom Fsranci: (s�te 1j.
unnamed tributarv to the �orth For�; Cata��ba Fi�-er (site 2?,
Martin Branch (site 3),,and Pepper Creeb; (site �1. Site 1 ma��
be categorized as palustrine, emer�ent, persistent (PE�1?).
while sites 2, 3, and � may be categorized as palustrine,
forested, br.oad-lea��ed deciduous communities (PF01.=,) as
defined bv Cowardin et al. (19�9). «�etland comrnunities «�ere
identified in the project corridor on the basis of low soil
chroma values, hydro�hyrtic ��e�etation and the presence oi
hi�drology or hydrolo�ical indicators. A summar�- of �i-et land
impacts associated ��ith each site is,.pro�ided'in table 3
below.
Table 3. Summar�� of ��etland Impacts. Hectares (Acres)
� Wetland Stream Anticipated
Site Classification Crossing Impacts
1 � PE'�12
2 **PF06
3 PP06
4 PF06
Hickori� Bottom.
'�Torth Fork Cata�;�ba
�4art in Branch
Pepper Creek
<0.1 (0.11
<0.1 (O.i)
<0.1 (0.?)
<0.1 (0.?)
Total Impacts <0.� (0.6)
*Paiustrine, Emer_ent, I�on-persistent
*�Palustrine. Forested. Broad-leaved Deciduous
4.1.1 Permits
In accordance «•ith pro�isions of section =�0� of t.he
Clean Water Act (33 U.S.0 13441, a permit ��ill be required
from the COE for the discharbe of dredaed or fill material �
into "Waters of the. United States". Basea upon site location
and estimated acreage involved, it is anticinated that
impacts �vill be authorized by ?�ation�-ide Permit [33 CFR 33G.�
(a) !26)]. This permit �enerally authorizes dischar�es of
cired�e or fil? material in wetlands located abo�°e tne
neadwaters fflow less than 1.5 cubic m(� cubic ft; p.er
seeond) of non-tidal ri�-ers. streams and their �akes and
impoundments includin� adjacer.t r��etlancis.
all. �i-aters «�ithin !�4cDowell Count�- are �tountair. TrouL `
�4aters as desi�nated bv tne \orth Carolina «�iidlife :�esources
Commission. This ciesi�na:ion :equires.that apnl:cants obtain

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-0 \�_

a letter of c�mment and reco^:me.^,ca:io;: fro�: :he ����C�:�_ �^c �.
ietter of concurrer.ce :rom .he ���i'rrtin��o� D:strict Ce_�_�s o;
En�ineers before dischar�in� ��n�' QZ'CG�'eC or ____ ::�a�er��i
into «-aters of the L�ni�ed :;tates t.ha: occur ��;:_hin, an�� of th�
?� desi�nated counties.
A 401 41�ater QualitSr Cer:ificaticn administered throurh
the N.C. Department of Ent�ironment, Health ard Naturai
Fesources will be reQUired. This cerLificate is issueci for
ant- acti�-it�- «�hich ma�r resulz in a dischar�e ir..o «�aters for
which a federal permit is required.
4.1.2 Miti�ation
Compensator�r mitigation is �enerally r.ot reauired �;�here
\ation«�ide permits or Ger.eral permits are authorized.
according to tne �femorandum of A�reement (�10�) bet��reen the
Environmental Protection A�enc�r�(EPA)- and the COE. Final
discretionar�� authoritti� in these matters rests witn the COE.
�l.'? Rare and Protected Species
�}.=�.1 Federallv Protecteci Snecies �
Plants and animais with federal ciassifications of
Endan�ered lE), Threateneci (T1, Proposed Endan�ered ;PE; and
Proposed Tnreatened (P':') are protected under pro��isi.ons of
Section � and Section 9 of the Endangered Species �c; of
19?3. as amendeci. As of Jul�� 8, 1994, the fo:Io�;�in� species
are federall}- pretected in HcDo�i�ell County.
Tabie 4. FederailZ�-Protected Spec.ies
for McDo«�e 11 Counti-
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME STATUS
Giaucom�-s sabrinus Carolina northern
coloratus flyin� sauirrel E
Hedo��tis purpurea
var. montana Roan Mountain bluet � E
Hudsonia montana mountain golden heatner T
"E" denotes Endan�ered (a species.that is threateneci with
extinction throu�hout all or a significant portion of
its range?.
"T" denotes Threatened (a species that is likel�� to become
an enCan�ered species tii-ithin the foreseeable iuture
throu�hout. all or a si�nificanc portion of its range).
Glaucom��s sabrinus coloratus
(northern fli�in� squirre:) E
Animal Familt-: Sciurdiae

�
Date Listed: jl/SJ
Distrihution in '�.C.: averr. R�r.ccr;�E. Gr:.;�ai,i.
Ha�-«-ood. .;� ct�son. '•.:c�o�re:: . ^:i:.cne; i .
S�i�ain. Trar,s��?��ania. �G�atau�u. 1'anc.e�-.
The Carolina northern fl�-ing squirrel nas a large. «�ell
iuri•ed flap of skin along eitner side oi i�s bcci�-. This
furred flap of skin is connecter: at the wrist in the front
and at the ankle in the rear. The s�:in flaps and its broad
fiattened taii a� lo�e the nort:�err. r 1�-ing squirrel to �*� ide
from tree to tree. It is solel�� nocturna: �i�itn larre dark
e�-es.
There are se�reral isolated populations of the norLhern
fl��in� sauirrel in tne western part of tiorth Carolina, alon�
the Tennessee border. This s�uirrei is found above 1517
meters (�000 ft} in the �Te�etation transition zone between
hardwooci and coniferous forests. Boxh forest types are used
to selrch for food and the hard�i�ood.�forest is used for
nesting sites.
Biological Conclusion: '�o Effect.
Ele�rations in the project area are approximatelS- =�S� m
(1600 ft), thus not meetin� the ele��ation reauiremc:nts for
this species.
Hed�-ot is pLrnLrea crar . montar.a
(mour.tain purple or F.oan A4euntain bluet ) E
Plar.t Fami ii': Fubiaceae
Federally Listed: �pril �, 1990
Flowers Preser.t: June - July (best tir�e is mid June)
Distrib�:tion in :�.C.: Ashe. Atrery, Burke, McDo�veil.
blitcheil. �t'atau;a, �'ance��.
Foan :�lountain bluet is a perennial species with roots
and �ro�vs in low tufts. Roan Mountain bluet has se�°eral
bright purple f lo���ers arran�ed in a terminal c�-me.
This plant can be found on high ele�-ation cliifs.
outcrops, steep slopes, and in the Rrayelly talus associated
�i�ith cliffs at elevations of 1,?00 to 1,900 meters (4,59? to
6,?32 ft.} Foan Mountain bluet grows best in areas where it
is exposed to full sunlight.and in shallow acidic soils.
composed of various igneous. metamorphic, and metaseaimentarv
rocks.
Biological Conclusion: \o Effect.
Elevations in the project area are approtimatel�- 488 m
(1600 ft), thus not meetin� the ele�-ation requirements for
this species.
Hudsania montana (mountain Rolden heather) T

�
Plan, Famiiv: Cistaceae
Federall�- �isteC: Octcber ?U. 1°SO
Fio�+�ers Present : .;une (mid ;o late 1
Distribution in \.C.: Burl�:e. �1cDo���e11.
'�4ountain �olden heather is a lo«�. needle-iea�-ed snrub
that is i-ellow-green in co?or. This shrub usuail�� gro��•s in
clumps and retains its leatres from the pre�-ious vear «�hich
appear scale-like on the older branches. Leaves appear a�cl-
shaped and thread-like. Mountain �olden heather for.ms
solitarv, terminal. lanceolate flo«�ers. These `�ellow flo�i-ers
have I1V2 blunt-tipped petals ana 30 to 3G s:amens. Fruit
capsules have three projecting points at the tips and are
round in shape.
Hudsonia montana occurs in weathered rock�� soils on
mountain tops. It can be found on e��posed auartzite leddes
in an ecotone between bare rock and heath balds dominated bv
Leiophvllum which mer�e into pine forest. Plants do ii�-e ir.
partially shaded areas. but do not.`appear to be as health�- as
those found in open areas. A critical habitat area ior
mountain golden heather exists in Burke Count�-.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect.
No open, eYposed led4es are present in the nroject area.
\e impacts from proiect construction are anLicipated.
4.2.? Federal Candidate/State Protected Species
Candidate 2(C?) species are not lenail�- protected under
tne En�an�ered Species Act and are not subject to an�� of it's
prot-isions until they are formal.ly proposed or listed as
Threatened or Endan�ered.
Plants or animals with state desi�naticns of Enc?an�e:ed
�(E). Threatened (T?.or Special Concern (SC) are granteci
protection b�- the State Endan�ered Species Act and the \C
Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979, administered
and enforced b� the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission and the :�TC Department of A�riculture.
The fol?o«�ing table includes federal Candidate species
listed for McDowell Count�- and their state status (Table �1.
Thes,e species matir potentiall�- occur in the project area:
ho�i�e�-er, or�anisms and their suitable habitat ��-ere not
surve�•ed for. The tiHP data base ti;�as revie�ved to determine if
an�� protected species ha��e been verified in tne project area.
'�'one «�ere recorded.

!1
Tab:e �. Fecieral Candidate Snecies `�cDo«�e: i C'ourt��
� �c
Scientific Name Common Name Status Habitat
Af�-otis subulatus ]eibii Easrern sma;l- SC no
footec bat
1Veoto��a floridana ma�ister Eastern ��oodrat SC �-es
Clemmi-s muhlenber�ii Bo� turtie T r,o
Speyeria diana lliana fritillar�-
butterfl�- no
Ju`lans cinerea Butternut yes ,
Lilium crayi Gra��`s lily �-SC no
Shortia galacifolia Oconee-bells E-SC �o
Shorria �alacifolia �Tar. Short-stvled
brevist�•la oconee-bells E-SC no

,c
1 �
�.0 FEFERENCES
American Urnitholo�ists' Union. 1���.,Cnec�:list of �orth
.�merican Birds. (Gzh ed.l Allen Press. Inc., ia�:�rence.
Kansas. Sirp.
Depoe. C.E:, J.B. Funderbur�, and T.L.. Qua��. 19c�1. The
reptiles and lmphibians of I�orth Carolina: a preiiminar�-
check-list ar.ci biUlio�raphti�. J. Elisha �litche.li Sci. Soc.
i":13�-136
En�ironmental Laboratory. 19S7. "Corps of En�ineers Netlands
Delineation n4anual, "Technical Report Y-S---1, liS Arm��
En�ineer A�aterways E�perirrient Station, Vicksbur�. �tiss.
Ehrlich. P.E., D.S. Dobkin and D. Whe�e. 198S. The Birders
Handboo}:. A Field Guide to the �atural HIstor�� of ?�ortn
American Birds. Simon and Schuster,%?�.Y., \.Y'• 7S� p.
Godfre��. R.I�.. J.«'. �i�ooten. 19S1. _�quatic and ��'etiand Plants
of Sot2theastern United States, Dicot�-ledons. The lini�-ersitti-
of Geor�ia Press. Athens. 933p.
Lee: D.S. Funderbura, J.B. Jr.. ar.d �1.F�. C�ark. 19S?. �
Distributional Sur��e�� of \orth Americar. �lamrnals. \orth
Carolina State Museum of '�iatural Histor}�, Ralei�h, ':..C. i0 p.
'�artof, B.S., V�'.M. Palmer. J.R. Bailei� and J.R. Harrison 111.
19SO. .Amnhibians and`RepLiles of the Caroiinas and Vir�inia.
The Universit�� of tiorth Carolina Press, Cha�el Hill. �64p.
�orth Carolina Wildlife Resourses Commission. ?9?4. '�ortn
Carolina mammalian species with ke��s to the orders and
families. �.C. �t'ildl. Fesour. Comm.,Falei¢h.
\CDEH:�R-DER. 1993. Classifications and water qualit�-
standards assi�ned to the waters of the Cata�vba Fiver basin.
Di� ision of En�-ironmental htanagement, Raleigh, '�T.C. 3�p.
Potter. E.F.. J.F. Parnell, and R.P. Teulings 19E0. Birds of
the Carolinas. liniversity of I�orth Carolina Press. Chapel
Hill. 40S p. "
Radford, A.E.. H.E. Ahles and G.R. Bell. 1968. �lanual of the
�'ascuiar Flora of the Carolinas. Tne L"�nicersit�� of ?�orth
Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 11S3 p. .
Scott, S.L. (ed.). 19S". Field Guide to the Birds of North
America. National Geosraphic Societ�-. R'ashinaton, D.C. 464

1 V
Smith. R.F.. J.B. Fun�erburs �nr: T.L. Qua�-. 19i�Q. :1
checklist oi �ortn Ca�olina n;an;�l;als. �.c:'. i�'ildl. Resour.
Comm.. Raleish.
���et�ster. R'.D., J.F. Parnell and �1'.C. Bi��s. 19��. �1ammals of
the Carolinas. �'irQinia and '�4ar��iand. The (:�r.i�=ersi�S- of
\orth Carolina Press, Chapel H:11. 2�� p.

APPENDIX A

- State of North Carolina
Department of Environment;
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Planning & Assessment
James B: Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
MEMOR.ANDUM
TO: Chrys Baggett
State Clearinghouse
FROM: Melba McGee �
Project Review Coordinator
RE:
DATE:
-, . � ,�.� �.
_h=� �.
`1��;:�. ;�-�' �::.
_ ,
�` _ ��
94-0025 Scoping Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 to
Blueridge Parkway, Avery and McDowell Counties
August 11, 1993
The Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
has reviewed the proposed scoping notice. The attached comments
list and describe information that is necessary for our divisions
to evaluate.the potential environmental impacts of the.project. •
More specific comments will.be provided during the environmental
review.
Thank you for the
encouraged to notify
assistance is needed.
attachments
cc: David Foster
j:.
opportunity to respond. The applicant is
our commenting divisions if additional
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, Norfh Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
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� North Carolina �Xlildlife Resources Commission �
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-?33-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director �
MEMORANDUM
TO: Melba McGee, Planning and Assessment
Dept. of Environment, Health, & Natural Resources
FROM: Stephanie E. Goudreau, Mt. Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program ^/l�� � ,�%
,5����{� Sc�,
DATE: July 30, 1993
SUBJECT: State•Clearinghouse Project No. 94-0025, Scoping
comments for improvements ta US 221 from NC 226 to Blue
Ridge Parkway, Avery and McDowell Counties (TIP #R-
2596)
This correspondence responds to a request by you for scoping
comments regarding a proposal by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) to widen US 221 from NC 22.6 near Woodlawn
in McDowell County to the Blue Ridge Parkway in Avery County.
The NCDOT proposes to widen US 221 from a 2-lane roadway to a
multilane facility, partially on new location. The new roadway
would consist of a combination of 4-lane and 5-lane sections.
� I conducted a site visit on July 27, 1993. Wildlife habitat
consists of mature mixed hardwoods with some pines, disturbed
mixed hardwoods, rock ledges, caves, old fields, pasture,
cropland, Christmas tree nurseries, and yards. The diverse
habitat of the project area suppor�s many wildlife species,
including black bear, white tailed deer, raccoon, striped skunk,
gray squirrel, woodchuck, eastern cottontail, and various species
of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Streams that will be
impacted by the pr-oject include North Fork Catawba River, Laurel
Branch, Pond Branch, Stillhouse Branch, Honeycutt Creek, Pepper
Creek, Martin Branch, Hickory Bottom Branch, and at least four
unnamed tributaries to the North Fork Catawba River. The river
is Hatchery Supported Designated Public Mountain Trout Water
throughout the project, and Laurel Branch may support wild trout.
Other streams in the project area support nongame fish such as
chubs, shiners, darters, and dace.
This project has the potential to cause adverse impacts to
fisheries and wildlife resources of the project area. The North

Carolina W.'ildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) has the following
specific comments regarding issues that should be addressed in
the Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) that will be prepared for this project:
1) Widening the roadway in this area has the potential to
impact the resident black bear population. The existing
roadway from Armstrong Creek to Linville Falls bisects-the
U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Grandfather Ranger District, and
good populations of black bear occur in both the northern
and southern sections of the District. Specifically, bear
densities are high in the Woods Mountain, Mackey Mountain,
and Mount Mitchell areas in the southern section and the
Linville Gorge, Grandfather Mountain; and Daniel Boone
Management Areas in the northern section. Because extensive
bear movement occurs between the sections, widening the
roadway will impact movement to some degree and will likely
increase highway mortality. The NCWRC is particularly
concerned with the stretch of US 221 from just south of
Linville Caverns to Linville Falis. This section actually
enters U.S. Forest Service land and contains forested land
on both sides of the roadway. Thus, this area is most
likely an important travel route for bears as well as other
wildlife. Project sponsors should address these concerns
and appropriate mitigation measures in the EA.
2) Limestone caves, which are relatively rare in North
Carolina, exist on either side of US 221 towards the
northern end of the project area. The presence of the
eastern woodrat Neotoma magister has been documented from
caves in this area, and it is likely that the eastern small-
footed bat Myotis leibii leibii is also present. Both of
these species are listed as Special Concern (SCj in the
state and are candidates for federal listing (C2). Project
sponsors should discuss how caves and these rare species
will be impacted by this project.
3) The presence of other rare species in the project area
should be addressed. There is a good chance that the
cerulean warbTer Dendroica cerulea is present, and a
possibility that the Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus
obscura is also in the area. Both species are listed as
Significantly Rare (SR) in the state and C2 with the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service.
4) Project sponsors should describe in detail how streams in
the project area will be impacted, e.g., channel relocation,
culvert.extension. We reiterate that the NCWRC usually
objects to relocation of streams where upland alternatives
exist.
5) Steep slopes in the project area mandate the need for extra
stringent erosion and sedimentation control measures during
roadway construction. Project sponsors should describe how

� ' r.,
control measures will be adequate to control stormwater
runoff so that the North Fork Catawba River and its
, tributaries are protected from severe sedimentation.
In general, the EA or EIS should contain the fo.11owing
information:
1) Description of fishery and wildlife resources within the
project area, including a listing of federally or state �
designated threatened, endangered, or special concern
species. The NCWRC's Nongame and Endangered Species Section
maintains databases`for locations of .fish and wildlife
species. While,there is no charge for the list, a service
charge for computer time is involved. Contact is:
Mr. Randy Wilson, Manager
Nongame & Endangered Species Sectiori
Division of Wildlife Management
North Carolina W.ildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
919/733-7291
A listing of designated plant species can be developed
through consultation with the following agency:
Natural Heritage Program
N.C. Division of Parks and Recreation
P. O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
919/733-7795
2) Description of waters and/or wetlands affected by the
project.
3) Project map identifying wetland areas. Identification of
wetlands may be accomplished through coordinati�n with the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). If the COE is not
consulted, the person delineating wetlands should be
identified and criteria listed.
4) Description of project activities that will occur within
wetlands, such as fill or channel alteration. Acreages of
wetlands impacted by alternative project designs should be
listed. Project sponsors should indicate whether the COE
has.been contacted to determine the need for a 404 Permit
under the Clean Water Act. Contact is Mr. Steve Chapin at
704/271-4014.
5)
C=�
Description of project site and non-wetland vegetative
communities.
The extent to which tlie project will result in loss,
degradation, or fragmentation of wildlife habitat.

7) Any measures proposed to avoid or reduce impacts of the
project or to mitigate for unavoidable habitat losses.
8) A list of document preparers which shows each individual's
professional background and qualifications.
I appreciate the opportunity to provide this information to
the NCDOT in the early planning stages of this project. If you
have any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at
704/652-4257.'
cc: Mr. Chris Goudreau, District 8 Fisheries Biologist
Mr. Jack Mason, District 8 Wildlife Biologist
Mr. Gordon Warburton, NCWRC Black Bear Project Leader
Mr. Allen Boynton, Nongame Mountain Project Leader .
Mr. David Yow, Acting NCWRC Highway Coordinator
Ms. Janice Nicholls,.USFWS, Asheville
�

r
State of North Carolina ,�I ,
Department of Environment,
Health and Naturai Resources �• o
Division of Soil & Water Conservation �
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary � � �---� � �
a��?1��%J:
� M ��Cf` (,
August 2, 1993 � . �a � � ��
r- c: -
C� c. '�J
` �-, . .: .�
, /.
�.�L .]1�.�:
MEMORANDUM
TO: Melba McGee
FROM: David Harrison
���
SUBJECT: Improvements to.US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to
Blue Ridge Parkway, McDowell and Avery Counties.
Project No. 94-0025.
The proposed project involves widening US 221 from a two-lane
roadway to a multilane roadway (four or five lanes) and some new
location. Soils information will be available through the local
Soil Conservation Districts. •The Environmental Assessment should
identify any unique, prime,.or important farmlands that would be
impacted by the project. A wetlands evaluation should be
included.
DH/tl
�
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, Norfh Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
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DIVISION OF PARKS AND RECREATION
August 2, 1993
Memorandum
TO: Melba McGee
FROM: Stephen Hall S �t
SUBJECT: Scoping -- Improve US 221, Woodlawn to Blue Ridge
Parkway
REFERENCE: 94=0025
Project Section R-2596 C passes through.an area of particular
environmental significance. The Catawba River Gorge contains
several outcrops of limestone, which.has a highly restricted
distribution in North Carolina. Over a dozen plants are found in
association with these.outcrops and also occur almost nowhere
else in North Carolina. The rarest.of these is a liverwort
(Plaqiochila caduciloba), a candidate for federal listing and
state-listed as Endangered. Three others are candidates for
state-iisting: white camas (ZVqadenus elegans), Bradley's
spleenwort (Asplenium bradlevi), and lime entodon (Entodon
concinnus).
These species are concentrated at three particularly important -
sites: the Linville Cave Natural Area (a Registered Natural
Heritage Area), the Linville Mountain Natural Area (a Natural
Heritage Priority Area), and the Catawba River polomite Area
(also a Natural Heritage Priority Area). The Linville Cave
Natural Area is located west of the Catawba River and may not be
adversely affected by the proposed project. The other two sites,
however, occur east of the river along US 221 and are likely to
be affected.
We recommend that a detailed biological survey be conducted along
this section of the project. Given the large number of rare,
mosses and liverwerts found in this region, the biologist(s)
conducting this survey should be thoroughly familiar with
bryophyte identification. We also strongly recommend that the "
alignments through this gorge follow the existing roadbed and
avoid disturbing new ground as much as possible.

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources � • �
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governorry ���� e�
Jonathan B. Howes, Secreta � \8
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
July 28, 1993
MEMORANDIIM
T0: Melba McGee, Policy and Development
FROM: Monica Swihar�Water Quality Planning
SUBJECT: Project Review #94-0025;%Scoping Comments - NC DOT
Proposed Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 Near Woodlawn
to the Blueridge Parkway
The Water Quality Section .of the Division of Environmental
Management requests that the following topics.be discussed in the
environmental documents prepared on the subject project:
A. Identify the streams potentially impacted by the project..The
. stream classifications. should be current. Based on the
information provided, the project appears to follow the North
Fork Catawba River for approximately 15 miles. This section
of the North Fork Catawba River is classified as C Tr by the
State of North Carolina. The southern project limit appears
to be at the American Thread Company Water Supply Dam on
Armstrong Creek. Upstream of the dam, Armstrong Creek has a
WS-II CA classification.
B. Identify the linear feet of stream channelizations/
relocations. If the original stream banks were vegetated, it
is requested that the channelized/relocated stream banks be
, revegetated.
C. Number of s�ream crossings..
D. will permanent spill catch basins be utilized? DEM requests
that these catch basins be placed at all water supply stream
crossings. Identify the responsible party for maintenance.
E. Identify the stormwater controls (permanent and temporary) to
be employed.
F. Please ensure that sediment and erosion and control measures
are not placed in wetlands.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opporfunity Affirmotive Action Employer 50% recycied/ 10% post-consumer paper

Melba McGee
July 28, 1993
Page 2
G. Wetland Impacts
1) Identify the federal manual used for identifying and
delineating jurisdictional wetlands.
2) Have wetlands been avoided as much as possible?
3) Have wetland impacts been minimized?
4) Discuss wetland impacts by plant communities affected..
5) Discuss the quality of wetlands impacted.
6) Summarize the total wetland impacts.
7) List the 401 General Certification numbers requested from
DEM.
H. Will borrow locations be in wetlands? Borrow/waste areas
should avoid wetlands to the maximum extent practicable.
Prior to approval of any borrow/,.waste site in a wetland, the
contractor shall obtain a 401 Certification from DEM.
I. Did NCDOT utilize the existing road alignments as much as
possible? Why not (if applicable)? �
J. Please provide a conceptual mitigation plan to help the
environmental review. The mitigation plan may state the
following: - .
l. Compensatory mitigation will be considered only after
wetland impacts have been avoided and minimized to the
maximum extent possible.
2. On-site, in-kind mitigation is the preferred method of
mitigation. In-kind mitigation within the same watershed
is preferred over out-of-kind mitigation.
3.� Mitigation should be in the following order:
restoration, creation, enhancement, and lastly banking.
Written concurrence of 401. Water Quality Certification may be
required for this project. Applications requesting coverage under
our General Certification 14 or General Permit 31 will.re.quire
written concurrence. Please be aware that 401 Certification may be
denied if wetland'impacts have not been avoided and.minimized to
the maximum extent practicable.
9863er.mem
cc: Eric Galamb
i

Griffiths Forestry Center
2411 Garner Road
Clayton, North Carolina 27520
Ju1y 16, 1993
MEMOR.ANDUM
TO: Melba McGee
. Policy & Development
FROM: Don H. Robbins a�,: ��
Staff Forester "���{y%�
SUBJECT: DOT EA/Scoping for Improvements to US 221 From NC 226
Near Woodlawn to the Blueridge Parkway in McDowell
County �(TIP # R-2596)
PROJECT: #94-0025
DUE DATE 7-30-93
This project will impact woodland and the Environmental Assessment
should contain the following information concerning the proposed
project:
1.
2.
3.
The total forest land acreage by types that would be taken out
of forest production as a result.of this project.
The productivity of the forest soils as indicated by the soil
series, that would be involved within the proposed.project.
The impact upon existing greenways within the area of the
proposed proj ect.
4. The provisions that the contractor will take to sell any
merchantable timber that is to be removed. This practice is
encouraged to minimize the need for piling and burning during
construction. If any burning is needed, the contractor should
comply with all laws and regulations pertaining to debris
burning.
�

Page 2
5. The provisions that the contractor will take during the
construction phase to prevent erosion, sedimentation and
construction damage to forest land outside the right-of-
way and construction limits. Trees outside the
construction limits should be protected fram construction
activities to avoid:
a. Skinning of tree trunks by machinery.
b. Soil compaction and root exposure or injury by
heavy equipment.
c. Adding layers of fill dirt over the root systems of
trees, a practice that impairs root aeration.
d. Accidental spilling of petroleum products or other
damaging substances over the root systems of trees. �
We would hope that the project would have the least impact to
forest and related resources in that area.
DHR:la
pc: Warren.Boyette - CO
File
�

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROUNA 28402-1890
'"��Y�ERT° September 30, 1993
Planning Division
Mr. L. J. Ward, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department
of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Rolzigh, "Jurth Carolina 2>611=5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
�� l�,rv�. �
GEt v �
OCT 0 4 1993
zti ��v�s�c��r or �,�
�' HIGHt�r'r.Y� �'
. ,•,
�N��RONNiE`a�
This is in response to your letter of July 2, 1993, requesting
our comments on "US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to the Blue Ridge
Parkway, McDowell and Avery Counties, State Project No. 8.T871101,
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3), TIP No. R-2596" (Regulatory
Branch Action ID No. 199303231).
Our comments, from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
perspective, involve impacts to COE projects, flood plains, and
other environmental aspects, primarily waters and wetlands. The
proposed project would not involve any COE-constructed flood control
or navigation projects.
The proposed project is sited in McDowell and Avery Counties,
both of which participate in the National Flood Insurance Program.
From a review of the September 1990 Avery County Flood Insurance
Rate Map (FIRM), the.roadway does not appear to be in an identified
flood plain. Based on the July 1988 McDowell County FIRM, the
sFCtion of roadway selected for improvement is located within the
flood plain of Armstrong Creek and also crosses North Fork Catawba
River. Both streams have been studied by detailed methods, with
100-year flood elevations determined but no floodway defined.
The roadway also crosses the approximate study streams of Conley--��- --
Branch, Martin Branch, Pepper Creek, and Honeycutt Creek. The
hydraulic effects on the 100-year flood levels of these streams
should be addressed in the environmental document. The final
project's hydraulic effects should be coordinated with McDowell �
County for compliance with their flood plain ordinance and possible
revision to their flood insurance maps and report.- -- -
Our Regulatory Branch has also reviewed your letter and has the
following comments. The Linville Falls to Ashford section of this
project, is generally very steep. From Linville Falls to North Cove

�
-2-
School, the North Fork Catawba River is designated as a"General
Trout Water." There are.numerous stee.p tributaries�which flow
under US 221 to North Fork that will be impacted by the widening
project. Although there is very little in the way of wetlands
(due to the steepness), special planning precautions should be
made to control erosion into the tributaries. The North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) shouid take great efforts to
control the flow of sediment into these tributaries. Detailed
plans on how NCDOT plans to do this would be greatly appreciated.
On the southern end of the Blue Ridge Country Club (BRCC), near
Ashford and just north of SR 1570; there are wetlands that should
bE avu`iueci. Tnes� wetiands are being preserved as pari of a
settlement with BRCC stemming from an Environmental Protection
Agency enforcement action. We would be willing to meet with
NCDOT personnel to indicate where these wetlands are located.
The Ashford to Conley Branch (see Little Switzerland topo)
section of the project is a much flatter section of road. Most
of the more level land along this section has been converted to
row crop or pasture and hayland. There are several creek crossings
with wooded wetlands including Honeycutt Creek, Pepper Creek, and
Martin Branch. Effort should be made to minimize the impacts to
these wetlands.
The Conley Branch to Woodlawn section is an area of steeper
terrain with very few crossings and little wetland area. The
exception is the Hickory Bottom Branch wetlands close to the
terminus of the project. In doing the alignment study, perhaps
NCDOT could find a way to avoid this wetland area.
When final construction plans are completed, including the
extent and location of development within waters and wetlands;
yo�ir off;ce should contact M�. Steve Chapin at our Asheville Field
Office, telephone [phone], for a final determination of
Federal permit requirements.
We appreciate the opportunity to�comment-on this pro�ect. If -
we can be of further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to
contact us.
S' re , �
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r w ence . Saunders -
Chi f, P1 nning Division

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United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
330 Ridgefield Court
Asheville, North Cazolina 28806
October 6, 1993
Mr. L. J. Ward, P. E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch _.
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
Subject: Scoping for proposed widening of US
Woodlawn to the Blue Ridge Parkway.
Counties, North Carolina._T.I.P. No
221 from
McDowell
R-2596
■
TAKE � �
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NC 226 near
and Avery
In your letter of July 2, 1993 (received July 8, 1993), you requested
information regarding potential environmental impacts that could result
from the subject project for your use in the preparation of an
environmental assessment. The following comments are provided in
accordance with the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 661-667e), and Section 7 of the Endangered Species
Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act):
According to information provided in your letter, this project will
involve the widening of U.S. 221 from a two-lane to a mult�lane road. A
portion of this project will be constructed on a new location. The
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is particularly concerned about
the potential impacts the proposed project could have on listed or
proposed endangered or threatened species, on stream systems and
associated wetlands within the project area--North Fork of_the Catawba
River and several unnamed tributaries, Laurel Branch, Honeycutt Creek,
Pepper�Creek, hlartin��Branch.- Pond Branch, Stillhouse Branch, and Hickory
Bottom Branch--and on wildlife habitat. Preference should be given to
alternative.alignments, stream-crossing structures: and construction
techniques that avoid and/or minimiZe encroachment and impacts to these
resources.
_
A Service biologist conducted a field visit on October 1. 1993. During
this inspection it was apparent that the project area provides habitat
for a wide variety of fish and wildlife species. Land use within the
project area is primarily rural, and a good portion of the project area
bisects the Grandfather Ranger District of the Pisgah National Forest.
The following general habitat types exist within the project impact area:
old fields, early successional areas (along roadsides), mixed pine-
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hardwood forests, forested riparian areas, stream systems, and vertical
limestone cliff communities. The Service believes this project has the
potential to adversely impact fishery and wildlife resources in the
project area and recommends that the following three issues be
specifically addressed in the environmental assessment: (1) protection
of stream and wetland systems (steep slopes within the project area will
necessitate additional precautionary measures in order to control
sedimentation and erosion): (2) fragmentation.of wildlife habitat
(especially for the black bear, since there is a relatively good
population within the Grandfather Ranger District of the Pisgah National
Forest>: and (3) the possible presence of both federally listed and �
candidate species.
�
The enclosed pages.identify federally protected endangered and threatened
species known from Avery and McDowell Counties that may occur within the
area of influence of this proposed action. The legal responsibilities of
a Federal agency or their designated non-Federal representative under
Section 7 of the Act are on file with the Federal Highway Administration
and the North Carolina Department of Transportation. The enclosed pages
also contain candidate species that are currently under status review by
the Service which may occur in the project impact area. Candidate
species are not legally protected under the Act and are not subject to
any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they are formally
proposed or listed as endangered or threatened. We are including these
species in our response to give you advance notification.
The Service's review of the subject environmental assessment would be
greatly facilitated if the document also contained the following
information:
(1) A complete analysis and comparison of the available
alternatives (the build and no-build alternatives).
(2) A description of the fishery.and wildlife resources
within existing and required additional rights-of-way
and any areas, such as borrow areas, that may be
affected directly or indirectly by the proposed road
construction.
(3) Acreage and description of the creeks, streams, or
wetlands that will be filled as a result of the
proposed road improvements. Wetlands affected by the
proposed project should be mapped in accordance with
the Federal Manual for ldentifvinq and Delineatin4
Jurisdictional Wetlands. We recommend contacting the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory
Field Office (704/271-4854), to determine the�need
for a Section 404 Clean Water Act permit.
(4) Linear feet of any water courses that will be
relocated as a result of the proposed project.
(53 Acreage of upland habitat, by cover type, that will
be eliminated because of the proposed project.

(6) Description of all expected secondary and cumulative �
environmental impacts associ.ated with this proposed
work.
(7) An analysis of the crossing structures considered
(i.e., spanning structure, culverts) and the
rationale for choosing the preferred structure(s).
(8) Mitigation measures that will be employed to avoid.
eliminate, reduce, or compensate for habitat value
losses associated with any part of the proposed
project.
We appreciate the opportunity to provide these scoping comments and
request that you cont�nue to keep us informed as to the progress of this
project. In any future correspondence concerning this project, please
reference our Log Number 4-2-94-002.
Sincerely, -
,
Brian P. Cole
Field Supervisor
Enclosure
cc:
Mr. Randy C. Wilson, Section Manager, Nongame and Endangered Wildlife and-
Permits Section, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission,
Archdale Building, 512 N. Salisbury Street: Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
Mr. Dennis L. Stewart. Program Manager, Division of Boating and Inland
Fisheries, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Archdale
Building, 512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
Ms. Linda Pearsall, Director. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, NC 27611
Mr. Cecil Frost, North Carolina Department of Agriculture. Plant
Conservation Program, P.O. Box 27647, Raleigh, NC 27611
0

IN REPLY REFER TO
LOG N0. 4-2-94-002
PAGE 1 OF 2
AVERY COUNTY
MAMMALS
Virginia big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii virqinianus)- Endangered
Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomvs sabrinus coloratus) -
Endangered
Southern rock vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis) - Candidate
New England cottontail (Svlvila4us transitionalis) - Candidate*
Eastern small-footed bat (Mvotis leibii leibii) - Candidate
BIRDS
Peregrine falcon (Falco pereqrinus) - Endangered
Appalachian Bewick's wren (Thrvomanes bewickii altus) - Candidate*
REPTILES
Bog turtle (Clemmvs muhlenberqii) - Candidate
AMPHIBIANS
Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleQaniensis) - Candidate*
ARACHNIDS
Spruce-fir moss spider (Microhexura montivaqa) - Candidate
INSECTS
Diana fritillary butterfly (Speveria diana) - Candidate
Regal fritillary butterfly (S�everia idalia) - Candidate
PLANTS _ �
Spreading avens (Geum radiatum) - Endangered*
Roan Mountain bluet (Hedvotis purpurea var. montana) - Endangered
Heller's blazing star (Liatris helleri) - Threatened
Blue Ridge goldenrod (Solida4o spithamaea) - Threatened
Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) - Candidate
Roan false goat's beard (Astilbe crenatiloba) - Candidate
A liverwort (Bazzania nudicaulis) -.Candidate*
Mountain bittercress (Cardamine clematitis) - Candidate
Manhart's sedge (Carex manhartii) - Candidate ��- - - - ��--
Rock gnome lichen (Gvmnoderma lineare) - Candidate
Bent avens (Geum qeniculatum) - Candidate
Butternut (Juqlans niqra) - Candidate
Gray's lily (Lilium r4 avi) - Candidate
A liverwort (Pla4iochila virQinica var. caroliniana)
Gray's saxifrage (SaxifraQa caroliniana) - Candidate
Oconee-bells (Shortia galacifolia) - Candidate
Short-styled oconee-bells (Shortia galacifolia var.
Candidate
- Candidate*
brevistvla)
*Indicates no specimen from Avery County in at least 20 years.

IN REPLY REFER TO
LOG N0. 4-2-94-002
PAGE 2 OF 2
MCDOWELL COUNTY
MAMMALS
� Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomvs sabrinus coloratus) -
Endangered
Eastern woodrat (Neotoma maqister) - Candidate
BIRDS
Cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea) - Candidate
REPTILES
Bog turtle (Clemm s muhlenberqii) - Candidate
ARACHNIDS
Spruce-fir moss spider (Mirohexura montivaqa) - Candidate
INSECTS
Diaria fritillary butterfly (Speveria diana) = Candidate
PLANTS
` Mountain golden heather (Hudsonia montana) - Threatened
Butternut (Juqlans niqra) - Candidate
Gray's lily (Lilium rq avi) - Candidate
Oconee-bells (Shortia qalacifolia) - Candidate
Short-styled oconee-bells (Shortia Qalacifolia var. brevistvla) -
Candidate
Q

0
Uaited States Forest National Fozests '
Depaztment of Service IInited States Federal
, in North Carolina Court House Building
Agriculture 100 Otis Street
P.O. Boz 2750
Asheville NC 288p2
• Eeply to: 2730 �p o _ _
�o
Mr. L.J. Ward, P.E.
Manager, Planning and Environmental Branch
N.C. Division of Highways
P. 0. Bog 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611
Dear Mr. Ward:
Date: S� , �8, 1993
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V��RONME�P�,
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on SP: 8.T871101, FAP: NHF-221(3), TIP:
R-2596, as requested by your July 2, 1993 letter.
Here are our comments:
1. The project involv.es National Forest system lands, so we request you involve
the Grandfather District Ranger, Michael Anderson in your EA process. His
phone number is 704-652-2144.
2. The Forest Supervisor nominated two areas of National Forest land adjacent
to the project for the Natural Heritage Register. Nothing can be done to
negatively impact these areas while they are under consideration. We have
incTuded location maps for your convenience.
3. There is a high probabilitq that historic sites egist along the Cata�ba
River. Excavation and a study maq be required before the project can
proceed. It is our understanding that an archeological studq of the entire
corridor is required for a Federal Aid Project.
� 4. A biological evaluation of sensitive plants and animals will be required
prior to the Forest Supervisor making a final determination on the project. �
� Thank you again for the opportunity to comment on this project. Please contact
; — Joe Moore at 704-257-4247� if you have any"questions.
Sincerely�
�
- C. MITCH GURGANUS
Director, Lands and ' erals
Enclosures
cc: Betty Yancey, NCDOT
District Ranger, Grandfather

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LINVILLE MOUNTAZN NATURAL AREA
LOCATION:�� Pisgah National Forest. On .the east flank of Linville
Mountain. East of US 221, about 1/4 mile north of the Linville
Cavezns entrance road. McDowell County. Linville Falls quad.
DESCRIPTION: Extensive, well-developed cliffs and talus slopes
of quartzite in the Grandfather Mountain Window. A populations
of Bradley's spleenwort (Asplenium bradleyi) occurs on the cliff,
and ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) occurs in the cove. Clif�s and
ridges are extremely acidic; coves, though full of quartzite
boulders, are rich, and vegetation suggests influence by
underlying dolomite on the soil.
SIGNIFICANCE: Rare plant species, high quality natural
communities, and geologic features.
Status
Name ��� NC1 US2 Global3
-------------------------------=----- --- --- ------ ----------
Asplenium Bradleyi Bradley's SR -- G3 �
spleenwort ` -
Panax quinquefolius ginseng SC -- G4
-----------------------------------------------------------------
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CATAWBA RIVER DOLOMITE AREA ;r��
LOCATION: Pisgah National Forest. On the east side of US 221 in
the upger Catawba River valley, about 2 miles south of the town
of Linville Fa1Ts. McDowell County. Linville Falls quad.
DESCRIPTION: Lower slope and small bluffs of Shady Dolomite
formation exposed in the Grandfather Mountain Window.
Distinctive, rich calcareous mesic forest community dominated by
a mixture of calcium-loving hardwoods, including chinquapin oak
( uercus muhlenbergii), sugar maple tAcer saccharum), and walnut
(Juglans nigra).
SIGNIFICANCE: Unusual natural community, newly added to the
classification system. This type of community is not represented
elsewhere on Forest Service lands in North Carolina. Fewer than
10 examples occur anywhere in North Carolina.
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� STATE OF NOf:TH CAROLINA .
� � DEPARTMEi�T OF TRANSPOI�TAT[ON
JAMES'B. HUNT. JR �IVISION OF HIGHWAYS
GovE�oR p.0. I3OX 25201, RALEIGH, N.0 27611-5201
�t�:y 11, 1993
I�MORANDUM T0: Scoping Meeting Participants
FROM: Mark L. Reep �'l�l✓ f",�:�,,;,,
Project Planning Engineer �
� � � � �
�
3 ,� �
�MAY i �
SAM FIUNT
$ECRETARI'
SUBJECT: US 221 from NC 226 near �Voodlawn to the Blue Ridge Parkway,
McDowell ancl Avery Counties, State Project No. S.T871101,
Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3), TIP No. R-?.596
A scoping meeting was held on 5-4-93 for the subject project. The
following individuals attended the meeting:
Vance Geisler FHWA �
Robin Stancil Department of Cultural .Resources
` Bill Smart Division 13 Office
Joe Buci:ner Division 13 Office
Jerry Snead Hydraulics
Charles Brown Location and Surveys
Jack Matthews Photogrammetry
Linwood Stone Plannino and Environmental
Mark Reep Planning and Emjironmental
Eddie Keith Planning and Emrironmental
Danny Rogers Program Development
, Don Sellers Right of Way
David Hinnant Right of Way "
Sandra Stepney Roadway Design
Greg Brew Roadway Design
Laura Rice Statewide Plannin�
Ned Chapman Structure Design
Tim Co�gins Structure Uesign
Hesham Jarrar Traffic Control.'
_
The 1993-1999 Transportation Improvement Pro�ram calls for upgrading
the existing two-lane roadway to a multilane faci.li.ty (refer to Figure 1 for
project location).. The project is divided into th.r.ee sections:,
l. R-2596 A from NC 2?6 to SR 1569 near North Cove •(-�.� miles)
2. F-2596 B from SR 15E�9 to SR 1�71 near. Ashford (5.6 miles)
3. R-2�96 C from SR 1571 to the Blue F:.dge Parkway (=�.5 �niles)
, r, �.
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�
�ay 11, 1�993
Page 2
Combinations of four-lane and five-lane typical sections are proposed
throughout the project. The proposed typical sections and their approximate
locations are listed below (refer to Figure lA).
Section
1: Five-lane with
curb & gutter
2. Four-lane divided
shoulder section
with barrier
3. Four-lane divided
shoulder section
with grass median
Location
-from southern project limit to just north of NC 226
-from south of Ashford to north of Linville Drive
-from north of NC 226 to SR 1556
-from north of Linville Drive to south of Linville
Falls "
-from 5R 1556 to south of Ashford
4. Four-lane undivided -from south of Linville Falls to the Blue Ridge
with curb & gutter Parkway
Some new location will be needed to achieve the proposed �0 mph.minimum
design speed. �
Several design issues were addressed during the seoping meetinC. The
first of these issues concerned an existing railroad overpass which crosse.s
US 221 near Ashford. The proposed widening will require a new railroad
bridge. Division 13 representatives'indicated that the striicture should be
designed to avoid changing the railroad grades. To attain adequate vertical
cleara.nce under the proposed bridge, a pier may be needed in the center of
the roadway. The preliminary designs will indicate whether the propased
five-lane typical section should be changed in this location to provide a
median.
Other design issues which were discussed included: (1) design
provisions in the mountainous portions of the project, (2) proposed
improvements within a regulated floodway, and (3) a possible realijnment of
US 221 at the southern project limit. The proposed typical section in the
mountainous portions of the project will provide a four-lane divided section
with a barrier. The scoping meeting participants favored providino a
Jersey meciian barrier and tie-back walls on cut and fill slopes. The
Di�rision 13 representatives also indicated that the existing truck escape
ramp, just south of Linville Caverns, should remain. The project is located
withi.n the regulated floodway of the North Fork Catawba River. A floodway
modification will'likely be required as a.result of the project'. Roadway
Desion representatives felt that consideration shouid be �icen to reali�ning
the southern portion of US 221 near Woodlawn. This reali.onment possibility
r��as introduced r��ith project R-2020 (US 221 between SR 1434 and tiC 226}.
Roadway Desi.gn will examine the feasibility of considering this reali�nmer.t
as a project alternative.
�

/
May 1]., 1993 s..; ..
Page 3
Environmental concerns were also discu.ssed during the.scoping meeting.
Robin Stancil, from the Department of Cultural Resources, commented on
historic and archaeological resources in the project area. No National
Register listed or state study list properties are located within the
project area. The Blue Ridge Parkway, however, is eligible for listing on
the National Register of Hi.storic Places. It was decided during the scoping
meeting that the project limits should stop short.of the Blue Ridge Parkway .
land, a historic resource protected by Section 4(f) of the Department of
Transportation Act of 1966. Robin Stancil also noted that the Office of
State Archaeology recommends conductin� an archaeological survey along
certain portions of the project. NCi)0'I' should coordinate with the Western
Office Archaeologist for further information regarding the surve��.
Several other environmental concerns addressed during the meeting
include TJ.S. Forest Service land and water quality. A portion of the
project is located within the Pisoah National Forest. The project will be
coordinated with the U.S. Forest Service. The project erosses a number of
streams designated as trout streams by the Department of Environment�, Health
and Natural Resources.(DEHNR). In additiom, US 221 is located within a high
quality.water zone near the southern project limit and a potential. high
quality water zone near the northern limit. Eric Galamb, from the Division
of Environmental Management, rec�uesteci that consi.deration be given to
providing hazardous spill catch basins at stream crossing structures in the
high quality water zones.
After the scoping n�eeting, Mr. David Foster, from the DEHI�TR, commented
on the project. He indicated.that stringent erosion control measures would
be required in crossing trout streams and high quality waters. Since the
project crosses trout streams, the N�rth Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission must concur with the project in order to obtain the necessaTy.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permits. He also stated that if the project
encroaches on a trout stream buffer zone, written permission is required
from the Director of the Division of Land Resources. Mr. Foster noted that
several natural areas are located in the vicinity of the project. These
natural areas contain dolomite (limestone} outcrops which are associated
with Linville Caverns. These areas will be very sensitive to ear.thmoving'
activities during construction.
An environmental assessment is being prepared for the project and is
scheduled for completion in January, 1994. To meet this schedule, the
Roadway Desigr. Unit agreed to con�plete the preliminary designs in early
August, 1993. Roadway Design will also provide construction and right of
way cost estimates for the project. . .
I�,R/

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"'� ` 'Q� ; ��r !J`-�- �,�,�„ ,,,�\j � TRANSPORTATION
/y� � �� I DNISION OF HIGHWAYS
. .
I' ;
I � �� � , .i, `� � \`"• PI.ANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL i
` ,/'`.1 i �, .�.o �.� BRANCH � ;
, —;�__—� J \�. . US 221
FROM NC 226 TO THE BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY '
, McDOWELL AND AVERY COUNTIES
R-2596
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N. C. DEPARTMENT UF TRANSPORTATION
DATE
TRANSMITTAL SLIP
�'�' �3
TO: REF. NO. OR ROOM, BLOG.
/� . �r� c G�r �� �lo �.S/�tJ,�'- �p TNF
FROM: REF. NO. OR ROOM, BLDG.
L �7.' �•�� t��'E' _
ACTION
❑ NOTE AND FILE ❑ PER OUR CONVERSATION
❑ NOTE AND RETURN TO ME ❑ PER YOUR REOUE3T
❑ RETURN WITH MORE DETAILS ❑ FOR YOUR APPROVAL
❑ NOTE AND SEE ME ABOUT TNIS ❑ FOR YOUR INFORMATION
❑ PLEASE ANSWER ❑ FOR YOUR COMMENTS
❑ PREPARE REPLY FOR MY SIGMATURE ❑!1�GNATURE
❑ TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION ❑ INVESTIGATE AND REPORT
COMMENTS:
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF 1�ANSPORTATION
JnMES B. HuNT. )a. DIVISION OF-HIGHWAYS
GOVERNOR , P.O: BOX25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 276ll-5201
�
` 3����
MEMORANDUM T0:
FROM:
�p �C��"Od� �
APR,1.2� i
e
;x>k;�t;
SAM HUNT
SECRETARY
Apri 1 6, 1993 �r/¢�� � j'j �/ti��� �'`� l'
, �` � ^
G�f.��t/}✓� � 5��.6� L���S�' �I ��`''�.
I' ,
�,� ��eU �,5( �^ Wt,��Y► �iO W �` , "�
�
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Mr. Eri c Gal amb ���� �ay� �'�,�� .
DEM - DEHNR, 6th Floor
� �ii/ L�''�{,..-.•
L. J. Ward, P. E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch � �
SUBJECT: Review of Scoping Sheets for US 221 from NC 226 to the
Blue Ridge Parkway, McDowell and Avery Counties, State
Project No. 8.T871101, Federal Aid Project No.
NHF-221(3), TIP No. R-2596.
Attached for your review and comments are the scoping sheets for the
� subject project (See attached map for project location). The purpose of
these sheets and the related review procedure is to have an early "meeting
of the minds" as to the scope of work that should be performed and thereby
enable us to better implement the project. A scoping meeting for this
project is scheduled for May 4, 1993 at 2:00 P.M. in the Planning and
Environmental Branch Conference Room (Room 434). You may provide us with
your comments at the meeting or mail them to us prior to that date.
Thank you for your assistance in this part of our planning process.
If there are any questions about the meeting or the scoping sheets, please
call Mark L. Reep, Project Planning Engineer, at 733-7842. -
MR/pl r ;�;� �r��"�
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;�;.�'% � " ,s: �.,�'\,,, `, �:{, � � �f TRANSPORTATION _ �
'���� �� � � DIVISION OI` F3IGHWAI S �
\�, PLANNING ANll ENVIRONMENTAL
�, _'�,; , �;''°'\�.•� BRANCH �
' �f � ' i
—i' � \ . US 221 '
i
FROM NC 226 TO THE BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY �
McDOWELL AND AVERY COUNTIES :
R-2596 j
I
i
�
FIG. 1 �

�
PROJECT SCOPING SHEET
DATE: 4/6/93
RE�I I S I ON DATE :
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STAGE
PROGRAMMING:
PLANNING:
' DESIGN:
TIP #: R-2596
. PROJECT #: 8.T871101
F.A. PROJECT#: NHF-221(3)
DIVISION: 13, 11
COUNTY: McDowell and Avery
ROUTE: US 221 FUNCTI.ONAL CLASS.: Rural Major Collector
LENGTH: 14.5 miles
PURPOSE OF PROJECT:
The purpose of the project is to improve safety and increase the
level of service along.the facility.�
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT (INCLUDING SPECIFIC LIMIT-S) AND D4AJOR
ELEMENTS OF WORK: �
The project calls for upgrading the existin� two-lane roadway to a
multilane facility between NC 226 and the Blue Ridge Parkway.
TI'PE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DO.CUMENT TO BE PREPARED: EA 1/94
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY SCHEDULE: FONSI 6/94
- WILL THERE BE SPECIAL FUNDING PARTICIPATION BY MUNICIPALITY,
DEVELOPERS, OR OTHER? YES: NO: X
IF YES, BY WHOM:
IF YES, BY WHAT AMOUNT:
HOW AND WHEN WILL THIS BE PAID:
PAGE 1

YKUJECT SCOPING SHEET
�_ TYPE OF FACI.LITY: PTOposed multilane rural major collector
TYPE OF ACCESS CONTROL (FULL\PARTIAL\NONE): None
TYPE OF ROADWAY: The existing roadway is a two-lane, 20-foot wide facility
with six-foot usable shoulders.
INTERCHANGES: 1 GRADE SEPARATIONS: 1 STREAM CROSSINGS:16
(Blue Ridge Parkway) (Railroad Grade Separation)
TYPICAL SECTION OF ROADWAY: The project includes combinations of five-lane,
four-lane divided, and four-lane undivided typical sections.
CURRENT TRAFFIC: (1993) DESIUN YEAR TRAFFIC: (2017) %TRUCKS:
7000 vpd 13,000 vpd
DESIGN STANDARDS APPLICABLE (AASHTO\3R): AASHTO
DESIGN-SPEED (mph): 60 mph
PRELIMINARY RESURFACING DESIGN:
PRELIMINARY PAVEMENT DESIGN:
CURRENT COST ESTIMATE
CONSTRUCTION COST (including engineering -
and contingencies).. ..................................
RIGHT OF WAY COST (including rel., uti1.,=
andacquisition) ........................................
FORCE ACCOUNT ITEMS ......................................... ...
PRELIMINARY E�TGINEERING ..........................................
TOTAL COST ...................................e............
TIP COST ESTIMATE
CONSTRUCTION ....................................................:$ 6,500,000
(Post Year Construction) $21,800,000
RIGHT OF WAY ....................................................:$ 4,750,000
TOTAL COST .......................................................:$33,050,000
0
PAGE 2

PROJECT SCOPING �HEET
. TiST ANY SPECIAL FEATURES, SUCH AS RAILROAD INVOLVEMENT, WHICH COULD
AFFECT COST OR SCHEDULE OF PROJECTS: (Potential ra'ilroad involvement)
ITEMS REQUIRED: COMMENTS COST
d
�
e
. X
. X
. X
. X
. X
. X
. X
X
ESTIMATE COST OF IMPROVEMENTS ................................
PAVEMENT............ ............... ...................... ,
. X SURFACE ................................................:$ 6,067,200
X BASE ................................................. .:� 603,050
. MILLING & RECYCLING....:.. ...............................
. TURNOUTS ................................. .............
SHOULDERS: PAVED .................. ........... ........
. EARTH......... .............................
EARTHWORK ...................................................:$ 5,118,200
SUBSURFACE ITEMS ................................ ............
SUBGRADE AND STABILIZATION ..................................:$`1,189,200
DRAINAGE (List any special items) ...........................:$ 2,628,000
SUB-DRAINAGE ........................ ........................
STRUCTURES WIDTH x LENGTH
X BRIDGE REHABILITATION : x :_ ...........:$
. X NEW BRIDGE . � Y ..........::$
. WIDEN BRIDGE . a . ...........
REMOVE BRIDGE . Y . ............
. NEW CULVERTS SIZE: LENGTH: FILL HT.: ...
. �__ CULVERT EXTENSION .................... .................:$
. RETAINING WALLS: TYPE: AVE. HT.: SKF.W: ..
. NOISE WALLS ................�........................... .
. AND OTHER MISC. STRUCTURES ............. ...............
CONCRETE CURB & GUTTER ...............................:.......
CONCRETE SIDEWALK ............................................
GUARDRAIL ....................................................
FENCING. W.W.. and/or C.L.. .....................
EROSION CONTROL .................. ..........................:$
LANDSCAPE ............................ .................... ..
LIGHTING .....................................................
TRAFFIC.CONTROL ........ .............:......................:$
SIGNING: NEW ............................................
. UPGRADING ......................................
TRAFFIC SIGNALS: NEW ... ................................
. REVISED ................................
519,660
645,040
277,800
642,000
292,000
RR SIGNALS. NEW ..........................................
. REVISED ......................................
. WITH OR WITHOUT ARMS .........................
IF 3R: DRAINAGE SAFETY ENHANCEMENT ......................:
. ROADSIDE SAFETY ENHANCEMENT .......................
: REALIGNMENT FOR SAFETY ENHANCEMENT ...............:
PAVEMENT MARKINGS: PAINT: THERMO: THERMO: Y ....:$ 365,000
DELINEATORS .............................................. ..:$ 6�206,�i50
OTHER.... ..................................................
CONTRACT COST (Subtotal) .....................:$24,554,000
PAGE 3
,

rn����i ���riN�-�n��i
,.CONTINGENCIES AND ENGINEERING ..................................:$ 3,74C,000
� PE COSTS. .................................."...................
FORCE ACCOUNT ....................................................
SUBTOTAL :$28,300,000
: X RIGHT OF WAY:
. WILL CONTAIN WITHIN EXIST RIGHT OF WAY: YES: N0: X
. EXISTING RIGHT OF WAY WIDTH:
. NEW RIGHT OF WAY NEEDED WIDTH: EST. COST......:
. EASEMENTS TYPE: WIDTH: EST. COST......:
. UTILITIES: .
RIGHT OF WAY SUBTOTAL
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST
INCLUDES R/W
PREPARED BY: Mark L. Reep
THE ABOVE SCOPING HAS.BEEN REVIEWED AND APPROVED* BY:..
' INIT. DATE
HIGHWAY DESIGN
ROADWAY DESIGN
STRUCTURES
DESIGN SERVICES
GEOTECHNICAL
HYDRAULICS
LOC. & SURVEYS
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PREL. EST. ENGR.-
PLANNING & ENVIRONMENT
RIGHT OF WAY -
R/W UTILITIES
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
COUNTY MANAGER -
CITY/MUNICIPALITI'
OTHERS:
�
:$ 4,750,000
:$33,050,000
DATE: 4/6/93
INIT. DATE
BOARD OF TRANS. MEMBER
SECONDARY ROADS OFF.
MGR., PROGRAM & POLICY
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
CONSTRUCTION BRANCH
ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENTAL
MAINTENANCE BRANCH
BRIDGE MAINTENANCE
CHIEF ENGINEER-OPER.
CHIEF ENGINEER-PRECONS.
DIVISION ENGINEER _
STATEWI-DE PLANNING
BICYCLE COORDINATOR
FHWA
DEPT. OF CULT. RES:
DEPT. OF EH & NR
SCOPE SHEET FOR.LOCAL OFFICIALS WILL BE SENT TO DIVISION ENGINEER FOR
HANDLING.
COMMENTS OR REMARKS:
*IF YOU ARE NOT IN AGREEMENT WITH PROPOSED PROJECT OR SCOFING, NOTE YOUR
PROPOSED REVISIONS IN COMMENTS OF REMARKS SECTION AND -
AND INITIAL AND DATE AFTER COMMENTS.
PAGE 4

N. C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DATE ��a
TRANSMITTAL SLIP
TO: � REF. NO OR �OOM, BLDG.
L���� G��a� b D�r1- �(� �nt�.
FROM: REF. NO. OR ROOM, BLDG.
��'1 � l� �ee,� �� �
ACTIOfV
❑ NOTE AND FILE ❑ PER 9UR CONVERSATION
❑ NOTE AND RETURN TO ME ❑ PER VOUR REQUEST
Q RETURN WITH MORE DETAILS ❑ FOR VOUR APPROVAL
❑ NOTE AND SEE ME ABOUT THIS �FOR VOUR INFORMATION
u PLEASE ANSWER . ❑ FOR YOUR COMMENTS
❑ PREPARE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE ❑ SIGNATURE
❑ TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION ❑ INVESTIGATE AND REPORT
COMMENTS:

�AMES B. HUNT, JR
GOVERNOR
MEMORANDUM T0:
FROM:
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STATE OF NOIZTH CAROLINA �
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
P.O. BOX25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
l
July 2, 1993
Mr. Eric Galamb
DEM — DEHNR, 6th Floor
C� � _� c� � _.
JU .- 8 1993� �
, L ��
WATER
SAM HUNT
SECRETARY
L. J. Ward, P. E., Mana er ��'��
9
Planning and Environmental Branch
SUBJECT: US 221 from NC 226 near Woodlawn to the,Blue Ridge .
Parkway, McDowell and Avery Counties, State Project No.
8.T871101, Federal Aid Project No. NHF-221(3), TIP No.
R-2596 ,
The Planning and Environmental Branch of the Division of Highways has
begun studying the proposed improvements to the highway segment described
above. The project is included in the 1993-1999 North Carolina Trans—
portation Improvement Program (TIP) and is scheduled for right of way in
fiscal year 1995 and construction in fiscal year 1997. An "Environmental
Assessment" (EA) document will be prepared'in accordance with the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The project location is shown in Figure 1.
The TIP calls for upgrading US 221 from a two—lane roadway to a
multilane facility, involving some new location. There are a combination of
four—lane and five—lane typical sections being studied throughout the project
(refer to Figure 2 for these locations). Other alternatives may be addressed
as the project develops and as potential environmental impacts are
identified. The typical sections that are currently being evaluated are
listed below.
1.
�
Section
Five—lane section
with curb and
gutter
Four—lane divided
shoulder section
with barrier
Location
—from southern project limit
to just north of NC 226
—from south of Ashford to
north of Linville Drive
—from north of NC 226 to SR 1556
—from north of.Linville Drive
to south of Linville Falls
�
��

July 2, 1993 ,
Page 2
3.
4.
Four-lane divided
shoulder section with
grass median
Four-lane undivided
section with
curb and gutter
-from SR 1556 to south of Ashford
-from south of Linville Falls to
the Blue Ridge Parkway
We would appreciate any information you might have that would be helpful in
evaluating potential environmental impacts of the project. If applicable,
please identify any permits or approvals which may be required by your agency.
It is desirable that your agency respond by October 6, 1993 so that your
comments can be used in the preparation of this document.
If you have any questions concerning the project, please contact Mark
Reep, Project Planning Engineer, of this Branch at [phone].
LJW/pl r
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
BRANCH
US 221
FROM NC 226 TO THE BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY
McDOWELL AND AVERY COUNTIES
R-2596
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MEMORANDIIM
TO:
FROM:
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Q /�Gl,u,r� (�
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July 28, 1993 5 �
�
. ����� I ,
G 1��.¢-Wi Ge---�
Melba McGee, Policy and Development
Monica Swihart, Water Quality Planning
SUBJECT: Project Review #94-0025; Scoping Comments - NC DOT
Proposed Improvements to US 221 from NC 226 Near Woodlawn
to the Blueridge Parkway
The Water Quality Section of the Division of Environmental
Management requests that the �following topics be di,scussed in the
environmental documents prepared on the subject pro`ject:
A. Identify the streams potentially impacted by the project. The
stream classifications should be current. Based on the
information provided, the project appears to follow the North
Fork Catawba River for approximately 15 miles. This section
of the North Fork Catawba River is classified as C Tr by the
State of North Carolina. The southern project limit appears
to be at the American Thread Company Water Supply Dam on
Armstrong Creek. Upstream of the dam, Armstrong Creek has a
WS-II CA classification. �
B. Identify� the linear feet of stream channelizations/
relocations. If the original stream banks were vegetated, it
is requested that the channelized/relocated stream banks be
� revegetated. �
C.
D.
E.
F.
Number of stream crossings.
Will permanent spill catch basins be utilized? DEM requests
that these catch basins be placed at all water supply stream
crossings...Identify the responsible party for maintenance.
Identify the stormwater controls (permanent and temporary) to
be employed:
Please ensure that sediment and erosion and control measures
are not placed in wetlands.

a
Melba McGee
July 28, 1993
Page 2
G. Wetland Impacts
1) Identify the federal manual used for identifying and
delineat,ing jurisdictional wetlands.
2) Have wetlands been avoided as much as possible?
3) Have wetland impacts been minimized?
4) Discuss wetland impacts by plant communities affected.
5) Discuss the quality of wetlands impacted.
6) Summarize the total wetland impacts.
7) List the 401 General Certification_numbers requested from
DEM. . • "
H. Will borrow locations be in wetlands? Borrow/waste areas
should avoid wetlands to the maximum extent practicable.
Prior to.approval of any borrow/waste site in a wetland, the
contractor shall obtain a 401 Certification from DEM. ,
I. Did NCDOT utilize the existing road alignments as much as
possible? Why not (if applicable)? �
J. Please provide a conceptual mitigation�plan to help the
environmental review. The mitigation plan may state the
following:
1. Compensatory mitigation will be considered only after
wetland impacts have been avoided and minimized to the
maximum extent possible.
2. On-site, in-kind mitigatiori is the preferred method of
mitigation. In-kind mitigation within the same watershed
is preferred over out-of-kind mitigation.
3. Mitigation should be in the following order:
restoration, creation, enhancement, and lastly banking.
Written concurrence of 401 Water Quality Certification may be
required for this project. Applications requesting coverage under
our General Certification 14 or General Permit 31 will require
writteri concurrence. Please be aware that 401 Certification may be
denied if wetland impacts have not been avoided and minimized to
the maximum extent practicable.
9863er.mem
cc: Eric Galamb

NOTIC� OF A CI'rIZEN3 INFORMATIONAL WORKSHOP
ON THE WIDENING OF U3 221,T0 A MULTI-LANE ROADWAY
FROM NC 226 NEAA WOODLAWN TO THE BLUE,RIDGE PARKWAY.
Project 8.T871101 R-259G McDowell-Avery Countie�
A citizens informational workshop will
October 5, 1993 at the North Cove Elementar
near US 221 in McDowell Cou�ity approximatel
Marion. This will be an informal open house
the hours of 4:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Those
so at their convenience during these hours.
be held on Tuesday,
y School Caieteria located
y 12 miles north of
workshop held between
wishing to attend may do
The purpose of this informational workshop is to present
information, answer guestions and receive comments during the early
design staqes of the proposed widening of U5 221. The proposed
project consists of converting US 221 to a multi-lane roadway.
Representatives of the Department of Trarisportation will b�
available to discuss the proposed project with those attending.
Anyone desiring additional information about the worlcshop may contacL
Mr. Mark Reep, North Caroiina Department of Transportation, Planning
and Environmental Branch, �7. O. Box 25201, Raleigh, NC 27611 or by
telephone at [phone].
NCDOT will provide reasonable accommodations, auxiliary
and services for any qualified disabled person interested in
attending the worksllop. To request this assistance you may
Mr. Reep at the above number no later than seven days prior
da�e of tfie workshop. —
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aids,
call
to the
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