20171158 Ver 1_WarrenWilson_100019_MY3_2022_20230303

FINAL
MONITORING REPORT (MY3)
WARREN WILSON COLLEGE STREAM MITIGATION SITE
Buncombe County, North Carolina
NCDMS Project ID No. 100019
Full Delivery Contract No. 7188
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2017-01557
NCDWR No. 20171158
RFP No. 16-006991 (Issued: 9/16/16)
French Broad River Basin
Cataloging Unit 06010105
Data Collection: January - October 2022
Submission: February 2023
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF MITIGATION SERVICES
1652 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-1652

Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes St. Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina
Ph: [phone]
Fx: [phone]
Response to Monitoring Year 3 (2022) DMS Comments
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site
French Broad River Basin — CU# 06010105— Buncombe County
DMS Project ID No. 100019
Contract # 7188
Comments Received (Black Text) & Responses (13.1.g..e Fe.x�
General:
1. DMS notes from the April 20, 2022 IRT credit release meeting are as follows:
The IRT noted that four vegetation plots did not meet the vegetation success criteria. The IRT noted that
vegetation plot 25 showed some higher -than -normal tree mortality. Restoration Systems (RS) reported that
vegetation plot 11 likely failed as it is located in a wet area. The IRT recommended adding some wet tolerant
species if supplemental planting is completed on the site. The IRT also asked that RS look at vegetation diversity
and address it accordingly if a supplemental planting effort is planned for the site in the future.
Response: Understood RS requests a .site visit with the IRT in early 2023 to discuss this area and .several other
topics rioted in the 2022 IRT credit release meeting notes; wetland monitoring, vegetation development, and
invasive .species treatments.
Invasives on the site were discussed. The IRT asked about the Parrot Feather reported on the site. The Parrot
Feather was located on UT3 near VP 8 and will be treated through project closeout. Erin Davis (DWR)
recommended that Parrot Feather be called out in the CCPV maps in future monitoring reports.
Response: Parrot feather and other areas of inva.sive.s .species concern are depicted on this year's CCPV.
Kim Isenhour (USACE) noted that the growing season should remain consistent per the IRT approved mitigation
plan.
Response: Tire MY3 2022 growing .season is consistent with the approved mitigation plan, and is based on the
INRCS growing .season of April 2 to (November 1.
RS requested that wetland gauge monitoring stop on the site as the wetland wells have been successful with no
wetland credits being generated as part of the project. The IRT asked for additional wetland gauge monitoring
in MY3(2022) and then a request from RS that wetland gauge monitoring stop at the 2023 credit release meeting.
Response: 'To be discussed during the credit release meeting PLEASE SEE PRE CONSTRUCTION WETLAND
GAUGE DATA VS POST CONSTRUCTION GAUGE DATA ANALYSIS (TABLE 19, APPENDIX F).
The IRT asked about fescue treatment during construction and requested potential fescue ring sprays on the site.
RS noted that they utilized sod mats during construction that included fescue. RS does not believe these areas of
fescue are an issue on the site.
Response: Fhough present, RS .still does riot believe fescue is a concern currently or moving forward.
Kim Isenhour (USACE) asked that a note be added in future monitoring reports noting that all failed equipment
has been repaired on the site.
Response: Understood.
Kim Isenhour (USACE) asked about River Cane on the site. RS noted that the River Cane is doing well and is
successful on the tributaries that flow into the Swannanoa river. The IRT asked for drone footage in the River
Cane area/s (if possible) with the MY3(2022) submittal. The IRT indicated that they would like to see the site
later in 2022 (if possible) but noted that credit could be released as proposed for MY2 (2021).
Response: We apologize that photos of River Cane did riot mal<e it into the MY3 Photo Log RS will acquire
photos before the credit release meeting and will be prepared to .show them at that time.
1101 Haynes St., Suite 211 • Raleigh, NC 27604 • www.restorationsystems.com • Ph 919.755.9490 • Fx 919.755.9492

Please review the notes and confirm that all the requests, IRT questions and full delivery provider commitments
from the 2022 credit release meeting have been addressed and included in the final MY3 (2022) report.
Response: IRS has responded and updated the report as necessary.
Please ensure that project monitoring equipment is checked prior to the start of the growing season and at least
quarterly thereafter to confirm that it is functioning properly and collecting data through the full growing
season/ monitoring year.
Response: All monitoring equipment will be checked for functionality before the growing .season and
Periodically throughout the growing .season.
Report
3. Section 1.2 Project Background: "The Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site (hereafter referred to as
the "Site") encompasses a 25.3-acre easement (pending easement modification) along cold -water, unnamed
tributaries (UTs) to the Swannanoa River." The easement modification was completed and recorded in 2021.
Please review, QA/QC and update the report text accordingly.
Response: Tire document was updated to remove all mention of the "pending easement modification."
4. Section 1.2 Project Background: "Results of preconstruction gauge data, included in Table 12 (Appendix F)". This
should be updated to Table 18. Please review, QA/QC and update the report text accordingly.
Response: Tire reference to precon.struction gauge data was updated to Fable 18 (Appendix F).
Section 1.3 Project Components and Structure: "The log sill was constructed as designed and is holding grade.
These changes are depicted on the Asbuilt Plan Sheets (Appendix E)." Asbuilt Plan Sheets are not available in
Appendix E in the MY3 (2022) report. Additionally, it is not necessary to discuss construction deviations in MY3.
The MY3 report can reference the project's final MYO/ Record Drawing report which is available on the DMS
website. Please review, QA/QC and update the report accordingly.
Response: Tire discussion of construction deviations was removed from Section 1.3.
6. Section 1.4 Success Criteria & Section 2.1 Monitoring: Please also reference the project's final IRT approved
mitigation plan as it is the document that established the project's final success criteria. Please confirm that the
success criteria reported in the MY3 (2022) report is the same as the IRT approved mitigation plan.
Response: References to the IRT-approved detailed mitigation plan were added to .sections 1.4 and 2.1. Tire
success criteria detailed in the MY3 (2022) are the .same as those established in the mitigation plan.
7. Section 2.1 Monitoring: In the report text, please discuss any project maintenance activities (invasive treatment,
supplemental planting, beaver removal, etc.) that took place in MY3 (2022). As an example, CCPV Sheet 21
indicates; Parrot feather observed along reach. Spot treatment occurred throughout the year and will continue
as needed. This and additional invasive treatment and maintenance activities should be discussed in the report
text.
Response: A discussion of the 2022 invasive treatments was added to the "Vegetation Summary" in Section 2.1.
Fhe.se were the only .site maintenance activities that took place during MY3 (2022).
Section 2.1 Monitoring — Wetland Summary: Per IRT comments during the 2022 IRT Credit Release meeting,
DMS recommends using the Buncombe County soil survey start/end dates for the remainder of wetland
monitoring conducted on the site. DMS understands that IRS will request termination of the groundwater well
monitoring at the 2023 IRT credit release meeting.
Response: Noted. If wetland hydrology monitoring continues through the 2023 growing .season, the Buncombe
County .soil survey .start/end dates will be used to determine growing .season.
Section 2.1 Monitoring —Vegetation Summary: Please also discuss the five (5) random vegetation plots installed
on the site and summarize the results in the report text.
Response: A discussion of the five Vegetation tran.sects was added to the "Vegetation Summary" in Section 2.1.
Page 2 of 4

10. Section 2.1 yWonhohng—Vegetution Summary: Bused on the yWY3 (2022) fixed and random plot results, is any
supplemental planting warranted or planned in yWY4 (2023). Please discuss and update the report text
accordingly. |nthe report text, please also discuss the MY3 status of the rivercane planted/ transplanted as part
of project implementation.
Response: Current|y, IRS is not planning additional planting. Vegetation plots 1, 5, 11, and did not meet success
criteria in 2022. However-, plots 1 and 5 easily meet success criteria when taking natural recruits into
consideration. A temporary transect was clone adjacent to plot 11 and met success criteria with 4415 stems/acre.
Plot 11 is in awetland area adjacent toGauge 8that was meeting wetland success for 1O1consecutive days,
vvhich|ibe|ycausedthemorta|ityofsevem||essvvet-to|erantspecies.Hovvever-,R5doesnotbe|ievethistobea
negative and believe the habitat within the area ofplot 11 isappropriate. This is an area IRS wishes todiscuss
with the |RTinthe field.
Both plots 11 and 215 had no mortality between year 2 (2021) and year 3 (2022).
11. Table 1—Mitigation Assets and Components: The project credits in the summary portion of the table are in the
"Riparian Wetland" column. Please review, QA/QC and update the table accordingly.
Response: Fhe cold water column was moved under the "Stream" section of the table.
12. Table Project Activity and Reporting History: Please include all project maintenance activities (invasive
treatment, supplemental planting, beaver removal, etc.) inthe table.
Response: Fable 2 was updated to include all project maintenance activities.
13. Table Nmuu| Stream Morphology Stability Assessment: Please confirm that the project streams, banks and
engineered structures are 100% stable and 100%preforming usintended usreported inthe Table 5.
Response: INo areas of concern were observed cluring MY3 monitoring, and all streams, banks, and engineered
structures are 1OOY6stable and performing asintended.
14. Table 7. Planted Bum Root Woody Vegetation: Please include the species common name and the wetland
indicator status for the species inthe planted species list.
Response: Common names and indicator statuses were added toFable 7.
15. Cross Section (Warren Wilson, UT1,XS 7,Poo|):Please review and include highlighted survey & points for yWY3
(2O22).
Response: Fhe MY3 cross section data line and points were added to the U F 1 XS-7 plot.
16 Table 16 Verification of BunkfuU Events: Please include an additional column noting the monitoring year
associated with the reported bunkfuUevent.
Response: Acolumn was added totable 16 indicatingthe monitoring year during which each bankfb|| event
occurred.
17. AppendixG—Site Photo Log: In the photo captions, please provide dates that the photos were taken. DyWS
recommends including the photo locations on the CCPV map or a separate map in Appendix G.
Response: The crossing photos are the only permanent photo points other than cross-section and vegetation
plot photos. A shapefile was created to show their locations on the CCPV. Fhe 4 additional photos in the photo
log were meant to provide general over -view ofsite vegetation and easement boundaryconditions. The
quantity and location of additional photos will likely change from year to year-, and therefore, their locations
were riot added to the CCPV. Additionally, dates have been added to all photo captions in the photo log.
Digital Support File Comments:
Dl No photo points were indicated on the [CPV map and no photos were submitted in the digital support files.
Please verify that no photo points are required per the IRT approved mitigation plan.
Response: The only photo points required by the |RTappnoved mitigation plan are at cross -sections and
vegetation plots, which were included in the digital submittal. However-, the IRF recently requested that photos

betaken upstream and downstream ofeach piped/bridged crossing aspartofannua|monhohng.Thosephoto
points have been included inthe digital submittal aswell.
19. The digital data submission ismissing the following components:
u. Asset Table — There was no asset table in the digital submission. Please include it in the final digital
Response: An excel file containing Fables 1-4 was added to the digital submittal.
b. Project Activity Table There was no project activity table in the digital submission. Please include it in the
final digital submittal.
Response: An excel file containing Fables 1-4 was added to the digital submittal.
Two polygons were indicated as invasive problem areas in the CCPV and in the visual vegetationueesament
table; novegetation prob|emumapo|ygonswenesubmitted.P|eusesubmitthepolygonsinthefinu|digita|
Response: A shapefile for the MY3 invasive species polygons was added to the digital submittal.

WWC Year 3, 2022 Monitoring Summary
General Notes
• No encroachment was identified in Year 3.
• No evidence of nuisance animal activity (i.e., beaver, heavy deer browsing, etc.) was observed.
Streams
• Stream monitoring show that all stream channels and structures are stable.
• Stream Monitoring gauges malfunctioned in 2022. These gauges will be replaced and, in a manner,
consistent with the standard stream gauge installation typically provided by DMS and the USACE
to Restoration Systems — See Exhibit A, Methods 1— 3 for installation of a pressure transducers for
stream restoration below immediately following this monitoring summary.
Wetlands
• Wetland hydrology has improved from preconstruction and year 1 (2020) conditions. All gauges
were saturated/inundated for greater than 10 percent of the year 3 (2022) growing season, with
gauges 2-7 and 9 being inundated for approximately 90% of the growing season (Table 17A-B,
Appendix Q. No wetland mitigation credit is being generated.
• At the April 2022 DMS/IRT monitoring review meeting, it was discussed that upon favorable MY3
(2022) monitoring data, wetland monitoring associated with UT-3 may be ended. RS will continue
to plan for monitoring wetlands in 2023 but is requesting termination of this monitoring effort.
Vegetation
• Measurements of the 25 permanent vegetation plots resulted in an average of 539
stems/acre excluding livestakes. All plots met success criteria except plots 1, 5, 11, and 25
(Tables 8-10, Appendix C). Vegetation plots 1, 5, 11, and did not meet success criteria in 2022.
However, plots 1 and 5 easily meet success criteria when taking natural recruits into
consideration. A temporary transect was done adjacent to plot 11 and met success criteria
with 445 stems/acre.
• Plot 11 is in a wetland area adjacent to Gauge 8 that was meeting wetland success for 101
consecutive days, which likely caused the mortality of several less wet -tolerant species.
However, RS does not believe this to be a negative, and believe the habitat within the area of
plot 11 is appropriate. This is an area RS wishes to discuss with the IRT in the field.
• Both plots 11 and 25 had no mortality between year 2 (2021) and year 3 (2022).
• Year 3 (2022) vegetation measurements also included 5 random sampling transects.
Measurements of all 30 plots resulted in a sitewide average of 525 planted stems/acre
excluding livestakes.
MY3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Executive Summary
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Site Maintenance Report (2022)
Invasive Species Work
Maintenance work
06/27/2022 — 06/28-2022
Parrot Feather, Multiflora rose, Privet, Chinese
Bittersweet, Cattail, Johnson Grass, Air Potato, Japanese
Knotweed
N/A
09/15/2022
Chinese Bittersweet, Air Potato, Multiflora rose, Parrot
feather, Privet, Cattail
Site Permitting/Monitoring Activity and Reporting History
Activity or Deliverable
Data Collection
Complete
Completion
or Delivery
RFP No. 16-006991 Issuance Date
--
September 16, 2016
RFP No. 16-006991 Opening Date
--
February 15, 2017
Institution Date (NCDMS Contract No. 100014)
--
May 22, 2017
Mitigation Plan
March 2018
November 2018
Construction Plans
--
January 10, 2020
404 Permit
--
May 13, 2019
Site Construction
--
March 4, 2020
Planting
--
March 16, 2020
As -built Baseline Monitoring (MYO)
January -March 2020
August 2020
Treatment of Kudzu, Rose, Privet, Honeysuckle, English Ivy
--
July 27, 2020
Treatment of Kudzu, Princess Tree, Privet, Rose, Japanese
Bittersweet, Honeysuckle
--
October 8, 2020
Annual Monitoring (MY1)
November 2020
January 2021
Treatment of Japanese Bittersweet, Parrot Feather, Privet,
Multiflora Rose, Cattail, Air Potato, Honeysuckle, Japanese
Knotweed, English Ivy
--
May 24-27, 2022 &
September 29 to
October 1, 2022
Annual Monitoring (MY2)
October 2021
December 2021
Treatment of Parrot Feather, Multiflora rose, Privet,
Chinese Bittersweet, Cattail, Johnson Grass, Air Potato,
Japanese Knotweed
--
June 27-28, 2022
Treatment of Chinese Bittersweet, Air Potato, Multiflora
rose, Parrot feather, Privet, Cattail
--
September 15, 2022
Annual Monitoring (MY3)
October 2022
February 2023
MY3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Executive Summary
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

BRAIDED FISHING LINE
ATTACHING TOP OF
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
TO BOTTOM OF LOCKING CAP
SLOTTED 2" PVC PIPE
LOCKING CAP
1/4 INCH VENT HOLE
SOLID 2" PVC PIPE
MFTHnn 1
METHOD 2
PVC CAP
LOCKING CAP
SLOTTED 2" PVC PIPE
BRAIDED FISHING LINE
ATTACHING TOP OF
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
TO BOTTOM OF LOCKING CAP
1/2" STEEL REBAR
LOCKING CAP
1/4 INCH VENT HOLE
STAINLESS STEEL
HOSE CLAMPS SOLID 2" PVC PIPE
HEAVY DUTY
6' OR LONGER
STEEL T-POST
METHOD 3
BRAIDED FISHING LINE
ATTACHING TOP OF
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
TO BOTTOM OF LOCKING CAP
SLOTTED 2" PVC PIPE

FINAL
MONITORING REPORT (MY3)
WARREN WILSON COLLEGE STREAM MITIGATION SITE
Buncombe County, North Carolina
NCDMS Project ID No. 100019
Full Delivery Contract No. 7188
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2017-01557
NCDWR No. 20171158
RFP No. 16-006991 (Issued: 9/16/16)
French Broad River Basin
Cataloging Unit 06010105
Data Collection: January - October 2022
Submission: February 2023
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF MITIGATION SERVICES
1652 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-1652
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Contact: Worth Creech
919-755-9490 (phone)
919-755-9492 (fax)
r
Prepared by:
Aziaorn Erbwrrjnrm�ntal, no.
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
218 Snow Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Contact: Grant Lewis
919-215-1693 (phone)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PROJECT SUMMARY....................................................................................................................2
1.1 Project Goals & Objectives................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 Project Background............................................................................................................................4
1.3 Project Components and Structure...................................................................................................5
1.4 Success Criteria.................................................................................................................................. 5
2.0 METHODS....................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Monitoring..........................................................................................................................................7
3.0 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Background Map and Tables
Figure 1. Project Location
Table 1. Project Components and Mitigation
Units
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Table 4. Project Attributes Table
Appendix B. Visual Assessment Data
Figures 2 & 2A-2E. Current Conditions Plan
View
Tables 5A-5G. Visual Stream Morphology
Stability Assessment
Table 6. Vegetation Condition Assessment
Vegetation Plot Photographs
Appendix C. Vegetation Data
Table 7. Planted Bare Root Woody Vegetation
Table 8. Total Stems by Plot and Species
Table 9. Temporary Vegetation Plot Data
Table 10. Planted Vegetation Totals
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site
Buncombe County, North Carolina
Appendix D. Stream Geomorphology Data
Tables 11A-I. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Tables 12A-I. Baseline Stream Data Summary
(Substrate, Bed, Bank, and
Hydrologic Containment
Parameter Distributions)
Tables 13A-I. Monitoring Data -Dimensional
Morphology Summary
(Dimensional Parameters -Cross -
sections)
Tables 14A-I. Monitoring Data -Stream Reach
Data Summary
Cross-section Plots
Appendix E. Hydrology Data
Tables 15A-C. Channel Evidence
Table 16. Verification of Bankfull Events
Table 17A-B. Groundwater Hydrology Data
Groundwater Gauge Graphs
Figure E-1. Year 3 (2022) Soil Temperature Data
Appendix F. Preconstruction Wetland Hydrology
Data
Figure 3. Preconstruction Gauge Locations
Table 18. Preconstruction Groundwater Gauge
Data Summary
Table 19. Preconstruction vs Postconstruction
Gauge Analysis
Appendix G. Site Photo Log
page 1
Restoration Systems, LLC
February 2023

1.0 PROJECT SUMMARY
Restoration Systems, LLC (RS) has established the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS)
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site (Site).
1.1 Project Goals & Objectives
Stressors documented in the French Broad River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP) report (NCEEP 2009)
include habitat degradation, poor riparian buffers, nutrient enrichment, channelization, sedimentation,
and toxicity primarily attributed to urban and residential runoff and development.
Within the Site, stressors prior to construction could further be attributed to soil instability, increased
runoff, and water quality impairments in the receiving watersheds. The project is not located in a Regional
or Local Watershed Planning Area; however, the RBRP goals outlined below are addressed by project
activities as follows (Site -specific information follows each RBRP goal in parentheses).
1. Reduce sediment inputs (based on the sediment model, Site construction eliminates
approximately 228 tons per year [tons/year] of sediment that resulted from streambank erosion,
excessive fines from channel straightening, channel incision, lack of cobble substrate in disturbed
reaches, and a narrow or absent riparian buffer)
2. Reduce nutrient inputs (based on the nutrient model, Site construction eliminates 657.4 pounds
per year [Ibs/yr] of nitrogen and 54.5 Ibs/yr of phosphorus due to the installation of marsh
treatment areas, removal of preconstruction land uses and livestock, and elimination of fertilizer
application)
3. Restore riparian buffers (removal of preconstruction land uses and livestock, control of invasive
species, and approximately 19.6 acres of woody riparian buffers were planted adjacent to
streams)
4. Stabilize streambanks (restored stable channels at the historic floodplain elevation, and enhanced
oversized and incised channels by raising the stream invert and using grade control/habitat
structures)
5. Restore and/or protect aquatic habitat (restored aquatic habitat in restoration and enhancement
[Level 1] reaches by installing grade control/habitat structures, coarsening channel bed materials,
removing nutrient inputs, and planting woody riparian buffers to provide shade and organic
matter to streams)
6. Reduce fecal coliform inputs (based on the nutrient model, Site construction eliminates 31.2 x
1011 colonies [col] of fecal coliform per day by removing preconstruction land uses and livestock
and treating agricultural runoff with marsh treatment areas)
7. Implement agricultural best management practices (BMPs) (the easement is fenced to eliminated
livestock from accessing the easement and marsh treatment areas were installed).
Site specific mitigation goals and objectives were developed through the use of North Carolina Stream
Assessment Method (NC SAM) analyses of preconstruction and reference stream systems at the Site (NC
SFAT 2015) (see Table 1).
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 2
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Stream/Wetland Targeted Functions, Goals, and Objectives
Targeted Functions
Goals
Objectives
Compatibility of Success Criteria
(1) HYDROLOGY
(2) Flood Flow
0
Construct new channel at historic
e Attenuate flood
(Floodplain Access)
flow across the
floodplain elevation to restore
•
BHR not to exceed 1.2
(3) Streamside Area
overbank flows and enhance existing
•
Document four overbank
Site.
Attenuation
• Minimize
•
jurisdictional wetlands
Plant woody riparian buffer
events in separate
monitoring years
(4) Floodplain Access
downstream
0
Remove livestock and cease
•
Livestock excluded from the
(4) Wooded Riparian
flooding to the
Buffer
maximum
agricultural practices within areas
protected by the conservation
•
easement
Attain Wetland Hydrology
extent possible.
easement.
Success Criteria
• Connect
•
Deep rip floodplain soils to reduce
•
Attain Vegetation Success
streams to
(4) Microtopography
compaction and increase soil surface
Criteria
functioning
roughness
•
Conservation Easement
wetland
.
Protect riparian buffers with a
recorded
systems.
perpetual conservation easement
(3) Stream Stability
• Increase stream
•
Construct channels with proper pattern,
dimension, longitudinal profile, and
substrate
•
Cross-section measurements
and visual assessments
indicate stable channels and
(4) Channel Stability
4
() Sediment
Transport
p
stability within
the Site so that
channels are
•
Remove livestock and cease agricultural
practices within areas protected by the
•
•
structures
BHR not to exceed 1.2
ER of 1.4 or greater
4 Thermore ulation
() g
conservation easement.
neither
e
< 10% change in BHR and ER
e
Construct stable channels with gravel
(4) Stream
aggrading nor
•
Livestock excluded from the
substrate
Geomorphology
degrading.
•
Stabilize streambanks
easement
•
Attain Vegetation Success
•
Plant woody riparian buffer
Criteria
(1) WATER QUALITY
(2) Streamside Area
•
Remove livestock and reduce
Vegetation
• Remove direct
•
agricultural land/inputs
Install marsh treatment areas
(3) Upland Pollutant
Filtration
nutrient and
pollutant inputs
•
•
Plant woody riparian buffer
Enhance jurisdictional wetlands adjacent
•
Livestock excluded from the
from the Site
to Site streams
easement
and reduce
•
Provide surface roughness and reduce
•
Attain Vegetation Success
(2) Indicators of
contributions to
compaction through deep
Criteria
Stressors
downstream
ripping/plowing
waters.
•
Restore overbank flooding by
constructing channels at historic
floodplain elevation
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 3
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Stream/Wetland Tareeted Functions. Goals. and Obiectives (Continued)
(1) HABITAT
(2) In -stream Habitat
• Construct stable channels with gravel
substrate
• Plant woody riparian buffer to provide
organic matter and shade
• Cross-section measurements
(3) Substrate
(3) Stream Stability
(3) In -Stream Habitat
• Construct new channel at historic
and visual assessments
(2) Stream -side
. Improve
floodplain elevation to restore overbank
indicate stable channels and
Habitat
instream and
flows
structures.
(3) Stream -side
stream -side
• Protect riparian buffers with a perpetual
• Attain Vegetation Success
Habitat
habitat.
conservation easement
Criteria
• Enhance jurisdictional wetlands adjacent
• Conservation Easement
to Site streams
recorded
(3) Thermoregulation
• Remove invasive plant species
• Add large woody debris to Site channels
1.2 Project Background
The Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site (hereafter referred to as the "Site") encompasses a
25.3-acre easement along cold -water, unnamed tributaries (UTs) to the Swannanoa River. Warren Wilson
College occupies approximately 1200 acres, and the Site is part of an actively managed farm and forest
system on the Warren Wilson College property that includes livestock management areas, pastureland,
agricultural row crops, and a sustainably managed forest. The Site is located approximately 2 miles west
of Swannanoa and 5 miles east of Asheville in Buncombe County, North Carolina (Figure 1, Appendix A).
Prior to construction, the Site consisted of agricultural and managed forest land accessible to livestock.
Site streams were part of an actively managed farm and forest system that included livestock,
pastureland, agricultural row crops, and sustainable forest management. Streams were eroded vertically
and laterally, received extensive sediment and nutrient inputs, and were dredged and straightened and/or
rerouted to the floodplain edge. Preconstruction Site conditions resulted in degraded water quality, a loss
of aquatic habitat, reduced nutrient and sediment retention, and unstable channel characteristics (loss of
horizontal flow vectors that maintain pools and an increase in erosive forces to channel bed and banks).
Site restoration activities restored riffle -pool morphology, aided in energy dissipation, increased aquatic
habitat, stabilized channel banks, and greatly reduced sediment loss from channel banks.
Preconstruction Groundwater Gauges:
Preconstruction groundwater gauges were installed along UT-3 upper (Clingman's) upon the request of
IRT members to model pre -construction wetland characteristics. Data was collected for 2018 and the
beginning of 2019 within gauges nested in transects perpendicular to the existing channel. In addition, a
crest gauge along the existing incised reach was installed to measure overbank events.
Results of preconstruction gauge data, included in Table 18 (Appendix F), indicate that gauges near the
incised stream showed reduced hydroperiod as compared to those further from the channel. 2018
exhibited normal rainfall patterns, and one gauge appeared to meet jurisdictional criteria based on
groundwater level being within 12 inches of the surface for 12.5% of the growing season (26 days, based
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 4
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

on the MRCS growing season of April 2 to November 1). 2019 exhibited wetter than average rainfall
patterns, and six gauges appeared to meet the same jurisdictional criteria. In addition, the crest gauge
installed on UT-3 showed no overbank events during 2018 and one during 2019 after a 4.56-inch rainfall.
1.3 Project Components and Structure
Proposed Site restoration activities generated 10,050.933 Stream Mitigation Units (SMUs) as the result of
the following.
• Restored 9220 linear feet of perennial stream channel by constructing stable streams in the
historic floodplain location and elevation.
• Enhanced (Level 1) 62 linear feet of stream by installing in -stream structures, providing proper
channel dimension and appropriate floodplain width, reducing shear on eroding banks,
controlling invasive species within the riparian area, and planting with native riparian vegetation.
• Enhanced (Level 11) 1974 linear feet of stream channel by removing current land use practices,
controlling invasive species within the riparian area, and planting native vegetation.
Additional activities that occurred at the Site included the following.
• Installation of four marsh treatment areas to treat stormwater runoff before it enters Site
streams.
• Established a minimum 30-foot-wide woody riparian buffer adjacent to Site streams,
• Fenced the conservation easement boundaries in areas used for livestock management.
• Protected the Site in perpetuity with a conservation easement.
During the initial DMS as -built review, it was discovered that several culvert pipes extend into the
recorded conservation easement. Once the encroachments were located and documented via GPS,
easement modifications were initiated to remove any crossing materials from the conservation easement.
Creditable stream removed from the easement were also removed from mitigation assets. A mitigation
plan addendum for the reduction in project credit was submitted to the IRT as part of the MYO/ As -Built
Baseline Monitoring Report review and was approved by the IRT via email on October 5, 2020.
Site design was completed on January 10, 2020. Construction started on September 1, 2019 and ended
within a final walkthrough on March 4, 2020. Site planting was completed on March 16, 2020. Completed
project activities, reporting history, completion dates, project contacts, and background information are
summarized in Tables 1-4 (Appendix A).
1.4 Success Criteria
Project success criteria were established in the IRT-approved detailed mitigation plan and in accordance
with the October 24, 2016 NC Interagency Review Team Wilmington District Stream and Wetland
Compensatory Mitigation Update. Monitoring and success criteria relate to project goals and objectives.
From a mitigation perspective, several of the goals and objectives are assumed to be functionally elevated
by restoration activities without direct measurement. Other goals and objectives will be considered
successful upon achieving success criteria. The following table summarizes Site success criteria.
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 5
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Success Criteria
Streams
•
All streams must maintain an Ordinary High -Water Mark (OHWM), per RGL 05-05.
•
Continuous surface flow must be documented each year for at least 30 consecutive days.
•
Bank height ratio (BHR) cannot exceed 1.2 at any measured cross-section.
•
Entrenchment ratio (ER) must be no less than 2.2 for E- and C-type channels at any measured riffle
cross-section.
•
BHR and ER at any measure riffle cross-section should not change by more than 10% from baseline
condition during any given monitoring period.
•
The stream project shall remain stable and all other performance standards shall be met through
four separate bankfull events, occurring in separate years, during the monitoring years 1-7.
Wetland Hydrology
•
Groundwater gauge data will be used to observe fluctuations in groundwater hydrology pre- and
postconstruction as the result of overbank events; however, no wetland mitigation credit is being
acquired and there are no wetland hydrology success criteria proposed at this time.
•
Jurisdictional wetland adjacent to UT-3 will demonstrate a 10 to 20% increase in wetland hydrology
as compared to pre -construction hydrology, under similar climactic conditions.
Vegetation
•
Within planted portions of the site, a minimum of 320 stems per acre must be present at year 3; a
minimum of 260 stems per acre must be present at year 5; and a minimum of 210 stems per acre
must be present at year 7.
•
Areas of dense river cane (canebrakes) are a natural niche habitat within the Swannanoa River
floodplain that contribute native habitat for endangered species. River cane may outcompete
woody seedlings during the initial establishment of vegetation. Within the Swannanoa floodplain
(UT-6, UT-7, and UT-8), the presence of canebrakes may supersede the vegetative success criteria
for planted stems per acre.
•
Trees must average 6 feet in height at year 5, and 8 feet in height at year 7 in each plot.
•
Planted and volunteer stems are counted, provided they are included in the approved planting list
for the site; natural recruits not on the planting list may be considered by the IRT on a case -by -case
basis.
2.0 METHODS
Monitoring requirements and success criteria outlined in this plan follow the October 24, 2016 NC
Interagency Review Team Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update.
Monitoring will be conducted by Axiom Environmental, Inc. Annual monitoring reports of the data
collected will be submitted to the NCDMS by Restoration Systems no later than December 1 of each
monitoring year data is collected. The monitoring schedule is summarized in the following table.
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 6
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Monitoring Schedule
Resource
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Streams
WetlandsVegetation
II/s,
III/,
Visual Assessment
Report Submittal
2.1 Monitoring
The monitoring parameters were established in the IRT-approved detailed mitigation plan and are
summarized in the following table.
Monitoring Summary
Stream Parameters
Parameter
Method
Schedule/Frequency
Number/Extent
Data Collected/Reported
Full longitudinal
As -built (unless
Stream Profile
survey
otherwise required)
All restored stream channels
Graphic and tabular data.
Stream
Cross -sections
Years 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7
Total of 50 cross -sections on
Graphic and tabular data.
Dimension
restored channels
Areas of concern to be
depicted on a plan view
Visual Assessments
Yearly
All restored stream channels
figure with a written
assessment and
Channel
photograph of the area
Stability
included in the report.
Additional Cross-
Only if instability is
Yearly
documented during
Graphic and tabular data.
sections
monitoring
Continuous
Continuous recording
Stream
monitoring surface
through monitoring
Total of 3 surface water
Surface water data for
Hydrology
Y gY
water gauges and
g g
UT3 UT6 & UT8
gauges ( )
each monitoringperiod
trail cameras
period
Continuous
Continuous recording
monitoring surface
Total of 3 surface water
Surface water data for
water gauges and
through monitoring
gauges (UT3, UT6, & UT8)
each monitoring period
Bankfull Events
trail cameras
period
Visual/Physical
Continuous through
Visual evidence, photo
All restored stream channels
documentation, and/or
Evidence
monitoring period
rain data.
Wetland Parameters
Parameter
Method
Schedule/Frequency
Number/Extent
Data Collected/Reported
Wetland
Groundwater
Preconstruction, As-
10 gauges in wetlands
adjacent to UT1', UT3*', &
Graphic and tabular data.
Rehabilitation
gauges
built, Years 1-7
UT6'
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 7
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Monitoring Summary (Continued)
Vegetation Parameters
Parameter
Method
Schedule/
Number/Extent
Data Collected/Reported
Frequency
Permanent vegetation plots
0.0247 acre (100 square
meters) in size; CVS-EEP
As -built, Years 1,
25 plots spread across
Species, height, planted vs.
Protocol for Recording
2, 3, 5, and 7
the Site
volunteer, stems/acre
Vegetation
Vegetation, Version 4.2 (Lee
establishment
et al. 2008)
and vigor
Annual random vegetation
Number of randomly
plots, 0.0247 acre (100 square
As -built, Years 1,
selected plots to be
Species
meters) in size
2, 3, 5, and 7
determined each year.
as needed
* Seven groundwater monitoring gauges were installed in jurisdictional wetland areas adjacent to UT-3 to
take measurements before and after hydrological modifications were performed at the Site. The
preconstruction condition of the upper reach of UT-3 was an incised Eg-type channel with bank -height -
ratios ranging from 1.8-2.4. The majority of UT-3 upper has been restored (priority 1) with construction of
channels at the historic floodplain elevation to restore overbank flows to adjacent wetlands. A stream
flow gauge and trail camera were installed on UT-3 upper to verify overbank events. Groundwater gauge
data will be used to observe fluctuations in groundwater hydrology pre- and post -construction as the
result of overbank events; however, no wetland mitigation credit is being acquired and there are no
wetland hydrology success criteria proposed at this time.
Three groundwater gauges were installed, one adjacent to UT-1, one adjacent to UT-3 lower, and one
adjacent to UT-6, in order to show no net loss in function, due to project activities, in existing wetlands
along these tributaries. In order to monitor an area of potential wetland creation associated with stream
channel restoration, two additional gauges (gauges 4 and 5) were installed along the right bank of UT-3
upper. This area was previously determined non -jurisdictional.
Stream Summary
All streams are functioning as designed, and no stream areas of concern were observed during year 3
(2022) monitoring. Stream morphology data is available in Appendix D.
All three flow gauges failed during the 2022 season, and data was not able to be recovered. The flow
gauges were replaced with Onset U-20 gauges on December 2, 2022, and no additional malfunctions are
expected. Visual inspection shows strong evidence of channel formation and water flow was observed in
all Site streams during year 3 (2022) (Tables 15A-C, Appendix Q.
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 8
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Wetland Summary
Summary of Monitoring Period/Hvdrologv Success Criteria by Year
Year
Soil Temperatures/Date
Bud Burst Documented
Monitoring Period Used for
Determining Success
10 Percent of
Monitoring Period
2020 (Year 1)
March 16, 2020*
March 16-November 1 (231 days)
23 days
2021 (Year 2)
April 6, 2021**
April 6-November 12 (221 days)
22 days
2022 (Year 3)
I April 2, 2022^
April 2-November 1 (215 days)
22 days
*Based on observed/documented bud burst and data collected from a soil temperature data logger located on the
Site.
** During year 1, the growing season was determined based the Soil Survey of Buncombe County (April 2 —
November 1) and onsite bud burst documentation. However, based on a 2021 discussion with the IRT, concern
arose that the Soil Survey growing season does not accurately represent the current growing season end date. As a
result, the growing season methodology was changed to use the most current WETS (USDA 2021) data to determine
the growing season end date. After year 2 review, the IRT requested that providers use the growing season
methodology from the approved mitigation plan.
^Soil temperature of 44.27°F was documented on March 1 and remained above 41°F thereafter (Appendix E).
However, to be consistent with the approved mitigation plan, the Buncombe County soil survey start/end dates are
used for year 3 (2022).
Overall, based on groundwater gauge data, wetland hydrology has improved from preconstruction and
year 1 (2020) conditions. All gauges were saturated/inundated for greater than 10 percent of the year 3
(2022) growing season, with gauges 2-7 and 9 were inundated for approximately 90% of the growing
season (Table 17A-B, Appendix E).
Vegetation Summary
During quantitative vegetation sampling, 25 sample plots (10-meter by 10-meter) were installed within
the Site as per guidelines established in CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation, Version 4.2 (Lee et al.
2008). Year 3 (2022) vegetation measurements occurred in July 2022 and included 5 additional random
sample plots (one 25-meter by 4-meter and four 50-meter by 2-meter). Measurements of all 30 plots
resulted in an average of 525 planted stems/acre excluding livestakes. Additionally, all individual plots
met success criteria except plots 1, 5, 11, 25, and random plot 4 (Tables 8-10, Appendix C). Vegetation
plots 1, 5, 11, and did not meet success criteria in 2022. However, plots 1 and 5 easily meet success criteria
when taking natural recruits into consideration. A temporary transect was done adjacent to plot 11 and
met success criteria with 445 stems/acre. Plot 11 is in a wetland area adjacent to Gauge 8 that was
meeting wetland success for 101 consecutive days, which likely caused the mortality of several less wet -
tolerant species. However, RS does not believe this to be a negative, and believe the habitat within the
area of plot 11 is appropriate. This is an area RS wishes to discuss with the IRT in the field. Both plots 11
and 25 had no mortality between year 2 (2021) and year 3 (2022).
During year (2022) monitoring, parrot feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) was observed spread
throughout the upper reach of UT-3 (Figure 2A, Appendix B). Additionally, multiflora rose (Rosa
multiflora), Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), Chinese bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), cattail (Typha
spp.), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera), and Japanese knotweed
(Reynoutria japonica) were observed elsewhere throughout the Site but were especially dense along UT-
8 (Figure 2D, Appendix B). All invasives were treated on June 27-28 and September 15, 2022, and will
continue to be treated as necessary.
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 9
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

3.0 REFERENCES
Griffith, G.E., J.M. Omernik, J.A. Comstock, M.P. Schafale, W.H. McNab, D.R. Lenat, T.F. MacPherson, J.B.
Glover, and V.B. Shelbourne. 2002. Ecoregions of North Carolina and South Carolina. U.S.
Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Lee, M.T., R.K. Peet, S.D. Roberts, and T.R. Wentworth. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation.
Version 4.2. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecosystem
Enhancement Program. Raleigh, North Carolina.
North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS). 2014. Stream and Wetland Mitigation
Monitoring Guidelines. North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP), 2009. French Broad River Basin Restoration
Priorities 2009 (online). Available at:
https://ncdenr.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/PublicFolder/Work%20With/Watershed%2OPlann
ers/French Broad RBRP 15iuly09.pdf [June 1, 2016]. North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, Raleigh.
North Carolina Stream Functional Assessment Team. (NC SFAT 2015). N.C. Stream Assessment Method
(NC SAM) User Manual. Version 2.1.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina: Third
Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, North
Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Simon A, Hupp CR. 1986. Geomorphic and Vegetative Recovery Processes Along Modified Tennessee
Streams: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Disturbed Fluvial Systems. Forest Hydrology and
Watershed Management. IAHS-AISH Publ.167.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2016. Web Soil Survey (online). Available:
http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx [August 2016].
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2009. Soil Survey for Buncombe County North Carolina.
US Department of Agriculture. Available at:
http://www.nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE MANUSCRIPTS/north carolina/buncombeNC2009/Bun
combe NC.pdf [June 7, 2016].
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2021. Natural Resources Conservation Service National
Weather and Climate Center. AgACIS Climate Data. Asheville WETS Station (online). Available:
http://agacis.rcc-acis.org
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 10
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Appendix A — Background Map and Tables
Figure 1. Project Location
Table 1. Mitigation Assets and Components
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Table 4. Project Attributes Table
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

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Table 1(continued). Project Credits
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Stream
Riparian Wetland
Non -Rip
Coastal
Restoration Level
Warm
Cool
Cold
Riverine
Non-Riverine
Wetland
Marsh
Restoration
9220.000
Re-establishment
Rehabilitation
Enhancement
Enhancement 1
41.333
Enhancement 11
789.600
Creation
Preservation
TOTALS
10,050.933
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Data Collection
Completion
Activity or Deliverable
Complete
or Delivery
Institution Date (NCDMS Contract No. 100014)
--
May 22, 2017
Mitigation Plan
March 2018
November 2018
Construction Plans
--
January 10, 2020
404 Permit
--
May 13, 2019
Site Construction
--
March 4, 2020
Planting
--
March 16, 2020
As -built Baseline Monitoring (MYO)
January -March 2020
August 2020
Treatment of Kudzu, Rose, Privet, Honeysuckle, English
July 27, 2020
Ivy
Treatment of Kudzu, Princess Tree, Privet, Rose,
--
October 8, 2020
Japanese Bittersweet, Honeysuckle
Annual Monitoring (MY1)
November 2020
January 2021
Treatment of Japanese Bittersweet, Parrot Feather,
May 24-27, 2022 &
Privet, Multiflora Rose, Cattail, Air Potato, Honeysuckle,
--
September 29 to October 1,
Japanese Knotweed, English Ivy
2022
Annual Monitoring (MY2)
October 2021
December 2021
Treatment of Parrot Feather, Multiflora rose, Privet,
Chinese Bittersweet, Cattail, Johnson Grass, Air Potato,
--
June 27-28, 2022
Japanese Knotweed
Treatment of Chinese Bittersweet, Air Potato, Multiflora
rose, Parrot feather, Privet, Cattail
--
September 15, 2022
Annual Monitoring (MY3)
October 2022
February 2023
MY3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Full Delivery Provider
As -built Monitoring Provider
Restoration Systems
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
218 Snow Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Raleigh, NC 27603
Worth Creech
Grant Lewis
919-755-9490
919-215-1693
Designer
Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC
231 Haywood Street
Asheville, NC 28801
Sara Stavinoha
828-771-0279
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

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Appendix B — Visual Assessment Data
Figures 2 & 2A-2E. Current Conditions Plan View
Tables 5A-5G. Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment
Table 6. Vegetation Condition Assessment
Vegetation Plot Photographs
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

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Warren Wilson College Site
MY3 (2022) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken June 2022)
Warren Willson College Site Appendix B: Visual Assessment Data
MY3 Monitoring Report — November 2022

Alliance Headwaters Site
MY3 (2022) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken June 2022)
Alliance Headwaters Site Appendix A: Visual Assessment Data
MY3 Monitoring Report — November 2022

Warren Wilson College Site
MY3 (2022) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken June 2022 except Plot 24, taken November 2022)
Warren Wilson College Site Appendix B: Visual Assessment Data
MY3 Monitoring Report — November 2022

Warren Wilson College Site
MY3 (2022) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken June 2022)
Warren Wilson College Site Appendix B: Visual Assessment Data
MY3 Monitoring Report — November 2022

Appendix C — Vegetation Data
Table 7. Planted Bare Root Woody Vegetation
Table 8. Total Stems by Plot and Species
Table 9. Temporary Vegetation Plot Data
Table 10. Planted Vegetation Totals
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Table 7. Planted Bare Root Woody Vegetation
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Species — Scientific Name
Species — Common Name
Wetland Indicator Status
Total*
Acres
19.64
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
OBL
50
Diospyros virginiana
Common persimmon
FAC
500
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip poplar
FACU
900
Betula nigra
River birch
FACW
2800
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Green ash
FACW
3800
Cornus amomum
Silky dogwood
FACW
3900
Quercus alba
White oak
FACU
4200
Quercus nigra
Water oak
FAC
4200
Platanus occidentalis
American Sycamore
FACW
5600
TOTALS
25,950*
**Approximately 5000 live stakes of willow (Salix spp.), elderberry (Sambucus canadensis),
silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), and ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) were planted,
but are not included in this table.
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

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Table 10. Planted Vegetation Totals
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Plot #
Planted Stems/Acre
Success Criteria Met?
1
202
No
2
526
Yes
3
1133
Yes
4
769
Yes
5
283
No
6
567
Yes
7
1012
Yes
8
405
Yes
9
364
Yes
10
445
Yes
11
162
No
12
567
Yes
13
324
Yes
14
688
Yes
15
809
Yes
16
769
Yes
17
728
Yes
18
324
Yes
19
688
Yes
20
567
Yes
21
567
Yes
22
526
Yes
23
364
Yes
24
445
Yes
25
243
No
T-1
445
Yes
T-2
647
Yes
T-3
486
Yes
T-4
243
No
T-5
445
Yes
Average Planted Stems/Acre Across
Permanent & Temporary Plots
525
Yes
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Appendix D — Stream Geomorphology Data
Tables 11A-I. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Tables 12A-I. Baseline Stream Data Summary (Substrate, Bed, Bank, and Hydrologic Containment
Parameter Distributions)
Tables 13A-I. Monitoring Data -Dimensional Morphology Summary (Dimensional Parameters -Cross -
sections)
Tables 14A-I. Monitoring Data -Stream Reach Data Summary
Cross-section Plots
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

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Appendix E — Hydrology Data
Tables 15A-C Channel Evidence
Table 16. Verification of Bankfull Events
Table 17A-13. Groundwater Hydrology Data
Groundwater Gauge Graphs
Figure E-1. Year 3 (2022) Soil Temperature Data
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

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Table 16. Verification of Bankfull Events
Date of Data
Date of
Photo
Monitoring
Collection
Occurrence
Method
(if available)
Year
Stream gauges and trail cameras captured a bankfull
event at UT8 after 4.47 inches of rain was documented
May 20, 2020
May 20, 2020
between May 19 and 20, 2020 at a nearby weather
1
MY1
station.
Wrack and laid-back vegetation were observed outside
November 4,
October 27,
the TOB of UT3 after 4.7 inches of rain was
2
MY1
2020
2020
documented between October 27 and 28, 2020 at a
nearby weather station.
Wrack and laid-back vegetation were observed outside
January 26,
January 26,
the TOB of UT6 after 0.5 inches of rain was
3
MY2
2021
2021
documented January 26, 2021 at an onsite rain gauge.
Wrack and laid-back vegetation were observed outside
March 31
April 6, 2021
the TOB of UT7 after 1.09 inches of rain was
4
MY2
2021
documented March 31, 2021 at an onsite rain gauge.
Wrack and laid-back vegetation were observed along
October 13,
September 6,
the TOB of UT3, UT5, and UT8 after 2.22 inches of rain
2022
2022
was documented September 5-6, 2022 at an onsite rain
5, 6, 7
MY3
gauge.
MY3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Table 17A. Groundwater Hydrology Data: Mitigation Success (UT-3B, Little Berea/
Clingman's)
Typical Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
Gauge
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3 (2022)
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
(2020)
(2021)
(2023)
(2024)
(2025)
(2026)
3
Yes/127 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/193 days
(55.0%)
(89.6%)
(89.8%)
4
Yes/32 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/193 days
(13.9%)
(89.6%)
(89.8%)
Yes/174 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/193 days
5
(75.3%)
(89.6%)
(89.8%)
6
Yes/93 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/193 days
(40.3%)
(89.6%)
(89.8%)
7
Yes/72 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/193 days
(31.2%)
(89.6%)
(89.8%)
8
Yes/231 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/101 days
(100%)
(89.6%)
(47.0%)
Table 17B. Groundwater Hydrology Data: Potential Wetland Loss Monitoring Areas
Typical Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
Gauge
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3 (2022)
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
(2020)
(2021)
(2023)
(2024)
(2025)
(2026)
1
Yes/37 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/46 days
(16.0%)
(89.6%)
(21.4%)
2
Yes/61 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/194 days
(26.4%)
(89.6%)
(90.2%)
9
Yes/175 days
Yes/198 days
Yes/193 days
(75.8%)
(89.6%)
(89.8%)
10
No*/9 days
Yes/61 days
Yes/26 days
(3.9%)
(27.6%)
(12.1%)
*Gauge was not installed until August 1, 2020. It is expected to have exceeded typical wetland success criteria had
it been installed earlier in the growing season.
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

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Appendix F — Preconstruction Wetland Hydrology Data
Figure 3. Preconstruction Gauge Locations
Table 18. Preconstruction Groundwater Gauge Data Summary
Table 19. Preconstruction vs Postconstruction Gauge Analysis
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Table 18. Preconstruction Groundwater Gauge Data Summary
Success Criteria Achieved/
Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
Gauge
2018 Data
2019 Data
1A
No/21 days
Yes/57 days
(9.8 percent)
(27 percent)
No/9 days
Yes/50 days
113
(4.2 percent)
(23 percent)
1C
No/3 days
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(1.4 percent)
(1.4 percent)
2A
NA*
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(22 percent)
213
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(9.3 percent)
(0 percent)
2C
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Yes/50 days
(5.6 percent)
(23 percent)
3A
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Yes/124 days
(11.2 percent)
(58 percent)
313
Yes/117 days
Yes/140 days
(54.7 percent)
(65 percent)
3C
No/4 days
No/3 days
(1.9 percent)
(1.4 percent)
*Gauge 2A was damaged during 2018 and data was not recoverable. It was replaced in 2019.
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

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Appendix G — Site Photo Log
MV3 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina February 2023

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
WWC Stream Mitigation Site
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
WWC Stream Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
WWC Stream Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
WWC Stream Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
WWC Stream Mitigation Site
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
WWC Stream Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
WWC Stream Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
WWC Stream Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
WWC Stream Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
WWC Stream Mitigation Site
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
WWC Stream Mitigation Site
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-03 (2022) Photo Log
MY3 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
WWC Stream Mitigation Site
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC