NC0085839_Issuance of Permit_19970110

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources •
Division of Water Quality
Mleff
TIP •
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary p E F-1 N Fl
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
January 10,1997
Mr. Charles F. Stover
Unimin Corporation
P.O.Box 588
Spruce Pine,North Carolina 28777
Subject: NPDES Permit Issuance
Permit No.NC0085839
Red Hill Quartz Plant
Mitchell County
Dear Mr. Stover:
In accordance with the application for a discharge permit received on April 22, 1996, the Division is
forwarding herewith the subject NPDES permit. This permit is issued pursuant to the requirements of North
Carolina General Statute 143-215.1 and the Memorandum of Agreement between North Carolina and the US
Environmental Protection Agency dated December 6,1983.
If any parts,measurement frequencies or sampling requirements contained in this permit are unacceptable
to you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty (30) days following
receipt of this letter.This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of the
North Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, Post Office Drawer
27447, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7447. Unless such demand is made, this decision shall be final and
binding.
Please take notice this permit is not transferable. Part II, E.4. addresses the requirements to be followed
in case of change in ownership or control of this discharge.
This permit does not affect the legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be required by the
Division of Water Quality or permits required by the Division of Land Resources, Coastal Area Management
Act or any other Federal or Local governmental permit that may be required.
If you have any questions concerning this permit,please contact Dave Goodrich at telephone number(919)
733-5083,extension 517.
Sincerely,
Original Signed By
David A. Goodrich
A.Preston Howard,Jr.,P.E.
cc: Central Files
Asheville Regional Office
Mr. Roosevelt Childress, EPA
Permits and Engineering Unit I
Facility Assessment Unit
P.O.Box 29535,Raleigh,North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone[phone] FAX[phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50%recycled/10%post-consumer paper

Permit No. NC0085839
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1,other lawful standards
and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management
Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Unimin Corporation
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater from a facility located at the
Red Hill Quartz Plant
off Highway 197
Mitchell County
to receiving waters designated as the North Toe River in the French Broad River Basin
in accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements,and other conditions set forth in Parts I,
II, III, and IV hereof.
The permit shall become effective February 1, 1997.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on December 31, 2001.
Signed this day January 10, 1997.
Original Signed By
David A. Goodrich
A. Preston Howard,Jr.,P.E.,Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

Permit No. NC0085839
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
Unimin Corporation
Red Hill Wastewater Treatment Plant
is hereby authorized to:
1. After receiving an Authorization to Construct from the Division of Water Quality,construct a
wastewater treatment plant for process wastewater from mineral extraction, located at Red
Hill Wastewater Treatment Plant, off Highway 197, Mitchell County (See Part III of this
permit), and
2. Discharge stormwater (Outfall 002) and wastewater (Outfall 001) from said treatment works
at the location specified on the attached map into the North Toe River which is classified a
Class C Trout waters in the French Broad River Basin.
All discharges shall be in accordance with the attached schedules:
Part I: Wastewater Monitoring,Controls and Limitations for Permitted Discharges
Part II: Stormwater Monitoring,Controls and Limitations for Permitted Discharges
Part III: Standard Conditions for NPDES Permits
Part IV: Annual Administering and Compliance Monitoring Fee Requirements
Part V: Limitations Reopener
This permit does not relieve the permittee from responsibility for compliance with-any other •
applicable federal,state or local law,rule, standard,ordinance,order,judgement or decree.

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Stream Class C-Trout
QUAD LOCATION Unimin Cor or
Discharge Class 41 p ation
NC0085839
Receiving Stream North Toe RiverAldIIIIIIIIIIF Mitchell County
Design Q n RR? MGn Permit expires 12/31/01 Red Hill Plant

Permit No. NC0085839
PARTI
WASTEWATER MONITORING,CONTROLS AND LIMITATIONS FOR
PERMITTED DISCHARGES
SECTION A: FINAL LIMITATIONS AND CONTROLS FOR WASTEWATER DISCHARGES
This permit shall be modified or revoked and reissued to incorporate toxicity limitations and
monitoring requirements in the event toxicity testing or other studies conducted on the effluent or
receiving waters indicate that detrimental effects may be expected in the receiving stream as a result of
this discharge.
•
Part I Page I

A. (I). EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FINAL Permit No. NC0085839
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge from
outfall(s) serial number 001 - process wastewater from mineral extraction of ore. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the
permittee as specified below:
Effluent Characteristics Discharge Limitations Monitoring Requirements
Lbs/day Units (Specify)! Measurement Sample *Sample
Mon. Avg, Daily Max, Mon. Avg, Daily Max, Frequency Tyne Location
Flow 0.682 MGD Continuous Recording I or E
Total Suspended Solids 142.0 284.0 Weekly Composite E
Total Fluoride 200.0 400.0 Weekly Composite E,U,D
Settleable Solids Daily Grab E
Turbidity " Weekly Grab E,U,D
Chloride Monthly Composite E
Chronic Toxicity *** Quarterly Composite E
* Sample locations: E- Effluent, l - Influent, U- Upstream at least 50 feet, D- Downstream at least 300 feet.
** This discharge shall not increase the turbidity of the receiving waters more than 10 NTU. If the turbidity exceeds 10 NTU due to natural conditions,
the discharge shall not cause any increase in turbidity.
*** Chronic Toxicity (Ceriodaphnia) P/F at 1.2 %; January, April,July, and October; See Part I, Condition C.1.
The pH shall not be less than 6.0 standard units nor greater than 10.0 standard units and shall be conducted daily at the effluent by grab sample.
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.
Part I Page 2

Permit No. NC0085839
SECTION B. SCHEDULE OF COMPLIANCE
1. The permittee shall comply with Final Effluent Limitations by the effective date of the permit.
2. Permittee shall at all times provide the operation and maintenance necessary to operate the
existing facilities at optimum efficiency.
SECTION C: SPECIAL CONDITIONS
I. CHRONIC TOXICITY PASS/FAIL PERMIT LIMIT (QRTRLY)
The effluent discharge shall at no time exhibit chronic toxicity using test procedures
outlined in:
1.) The North Carolina Ceriodaphnia chronic effluent bioassay procedure (North Carolina
Chronic Bioassay Procedure-Revised*September 1989)or subsequent versions.
The effluent concentration at which there may be no observable inhibition of reproduction
or significant mortality is 1.2 % (defined as treatment two in the North Carolina procedure
document). The permit holder shall perform quarterly monitoring using this procedure to
establish compliance with the permit condition. The first test will be performed after
thirty days from the effective date of this permit during the months of January,April,
July,and October. Effluent sampling for this testing shall be performed at the NPDES
permitted final effluent discharge below all treatment processes.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the
Effluent Discharge Monitoring Form(MR-1)for the month in which it was performed,using
the parameter code TGP3B. Additionally,DWQ Form AT-1 (original) is to be sent to the
following address:
Attention:
Environmental Sciences Branch
North Carolina Division of
Water Quality
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27607
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical
measurements performed in association with the toxicity tests,as well as all dose/response
data. Total residual chlorine of the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported
if chlorine is employed for disinfection of the waste stream.
Should any single quarterly monitoring indicate a failure to meet specified limits, then
monthly monitoring will begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed.
Upon passing,this monthly test requirement will revert to quarterly in the months
specified above.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North
Carolina Division of Water Quality indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream,
this permit may be re-opened and modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or
limits.
Part I Page 3

Permit No.NC0085839
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document,such as
minimum control organism survival and appropriate environmental controls,shall •
constitute an invalid test and will require immediate retesting(within 30 days of initial
monitoring event). Failure to submit suitable test results will constitute noncompliance
with monitoring requirements.
2. The permittee shall obtain authorization from the Division of Water Quality prior to utilizing
any new biocide in cooling water to be discharged. The permittee shall notify the Director in
writing not later than ninety (90) days prior to instituting use of any additonal biocide used in
cooling systems which may be toxic to aquatic life (other than those previously reported to the
Division). Such notification shall include completion of Biocide Worksheet Form 101 and a map
which shows the discharge point and receiving stream. No chromium, zinc or copper shall be
added to the treatment system except as pre-approved additives to biocidal compounds.
3. Diversion or bypassing of untreated wastewater from the treatment facility is prohibited.
Solids removed or resulting from the wastewater treatment process shall be contained and disposed
of in such a manner as to prevent any contamination of the surface waters of the State.
This permit shall be modified, or revoked and reissued to incorporate new fluoride effluent
limitations in the event that acute or chronic bioassay testing or other studies results in a change in
the North Carolina Water Quality Standard for fluoride.
This permit may be modified, or revoked and reissued to incorporate new limitations in the event
that production changes are requested or should any new fluoride using discharge request to locate
on the North Toe River.
•
Part I Page 4

Permit No.NC0085839
PART II
STORMWATER MONITORING,CONTROLS AND LIMITATIONS FOR
PERMITTED DISCHARGES
SECTION A; FINAL LIMITATIONS AND CONTROLS FOR STORMWATER DISCHARGES
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration,the permittee
is authorized to discharge wastewater and stormwater associated with industrial activity.Such
discharges shall be controlled,limited and monitored as specified below.
1. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans
The permittee shall develop a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan,herein after referred to as the Plan.
The Plan shall be considered public information in accordance with Part III,Standard Conditions,Section
E.10.of this permit. The Plan shall include,at a minimum,the following items:
a. Site Plan: The site plan shall provide a description of the physical facility and the potential
pollutant sources which may be expected to contribute to contamination of regulated stormwater
discharges. The site plan shall contain the following:
(1) A general location map(USGS quadrangle map,or appropriately drafted equivalent
map),showing the facility's location in relation to transportation routes and surface
waters,and the name of the receiving water(s)to which the stormwater outfall(s)
discharges, If the discharge is to a municipal separate storm sewer system,the name of
the municipality and the ultimate receiving waters,and accurate latitude and longitude
of the point(s)of discharge must be shown.
(2) A narrative description of storage practices,loading and unloading activities,outdoor
process areas,dust or particulate generating or control processes,and waste disposal
practices.
(3) A site map(or series of maps)drawn to scale with the distance legend indicating location
of industrial activities(including storage of materials,disposal areas,process areas,and
loading and unloading areas),drainage structures,drainage areas for each outfall and
activities occurring in the drainage area,building locations and impervious surfaces,the
percentage of each drainage area that is impervious.For each outfall,a narrative
description of the potential pollutants which could be expected to be present in the
regulated stormwater discharge.
(4) A list of significant spills or leaks of pollutants that have occurred at the facility during
the 3 previous years and any corrective actions taken to mitigate spill impacts.
(5) Certification that the stormwater outfalls have been evaluated for the presence of non-
stormwater discharges. The certification statement will be signed in accordance with the
requirements found in Part III,Standard Conditions,Section B.11.
b. Stormwater Management Plan: The stormwater management plan shall contain a narrative
description of the materials management practices employed which control or minimize the
exposure of significant materials to stormwater,including structural and non-structural
measures. The stormwater management plan,at a minimum,shall incorporate the following:
Part 11 Page 1

Permit No.NC0085839
(1) A study addressing the technical and economic feasibility of changing the methods of
operations and/or storage practices to eliminate or reduce exposure of materials and
processes to stormwater. Wherever practicable the permittee should consider covering
storage areas,material handling operations,manufacturing or fueling operations to
prevent materials exposure to stormwater. In areas where elimination of exposure is not
practicable,the stormwater management plan shall document the feasibility of diverting
the stormwater runoff away from areas of potential contamination.
(2) A schedule to provide secondary containment for bulk storage of liquid materials,
storage of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA)water priority chemicals,or storage of hazardous materials to prevent leaks and
spills from contaminating stormwater runoff. If the secondary containment devices are
connected directly to stormwater conveyance systems,the connection shall be controlled
by manually activated valves or other similar devices[which shall be secured with a
locking mechanism]and any stormwater that accumulates in the containment area shall
be at a minimum visually observed prior to release of the accumulated stormwater.
Accumulated stormwater shall be released if found to be uncontaminated. Records
documenting the individual making the observation,the description of the accumulated
stormwater and the date and time of the release shall be kept for a period of five years.
(3) A narrative description of Best Management Practices(BMPs)to be considered such as,
but not limited to,oil and grease separation,debris control,vegetative filter strips,
infiltration and stormwater detention or retention,where necessary. The need for
structural BMPs shall be based on the assessment of potential of sources contributing
significant quantities of pollutants to stormwater discharges and data collected through
monitoring of stormwater discharges.
(4) Inspection schedules of stormwater conveyances and controls and measures to be taken
to limit or prevent erosion associated with the stormwater systems.
c. Spill Prevention and Response Plan: The Spill Prevention and Response Plan shall incorporate a
risk assessment of potential pollutant sources based on a materials inventory of the.facility.
Facility personnel(or team)responsible for implementing the plan shall be identified in the plan.
A responsible person shall be on-site at all times during facility operations that have the potential
to contaminate stormwater runoff through spills or exposure of materials associated with the
facility operations.
d. Preventative Maintenance and Good Housekeeping Program: A preventative maintenance
program shall be developed. The program shall document schedules of inspections and
maintenance activities of stormwater control systems,plant equipment and systems. Inspection
of material handling areas and regular cleaning schedules of these areas shall be incorporated
into the program.
e. Training schedules shall be developed and training provided at a minimum on an annual basis
on proper spill response and cleanup procedures and preventative maintenance activities for all
personnel involved in any of the facility's operations that have the potential to contaminate
stormwater runoff. Facility personnel(or team)responsible for implementing the training shall
be identified in the plan.
f. The Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan shall identify a specific position(s)responsible for the
overall coordination,development,implementation,and revision to the Plan. Responsibilities for
all components of the Plan shall be documented and position(s)assignments provided.
Part II Page 2

Permit No.NC0085839
g. Plan Amendment: The permittee shall amend the Plan whenever there is a change in design,
construction,operation,or maintenance which has a significant effect on the potential for the
discharge of pollutants via a point source to surface waters. The Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan shall be reviewed and updated on an annual basis.
The director may notify the permittee when the Plan does not meet one or more of the minimum
requirements of the permit. Within 30 days of such notice,the permittee shall submit a time
schedule to the Director for modifying the Plan to meet minimum requirements. The permittee
shall provide certification in writing(in accordance with Part III,Standard Conditions,Section
B.11.)to the Director that the changes have been made.
h Facility Inspections: Inspections of the facility and all stormwater systems shall occur at a
minimum on a semiannual schedule,once in the fall(September-November)and once during
the spring(April-June). The inspection and arty subsequent maintenance activities performed
shall be documented,recording date and time of inspection,individual(s)making the inspection
and a narrative description of the facility's stormwater control systems,plant equipment and
systems. Records of these inspections shall be incorporated into the Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan.
Visual monitoring as required in Part II,Section A.3.b.shall be performed in addition to facility
inspections.
Implementation: Implementation of the Plan shall include documentation of all monitoring,
measurements,inspections,maintenance activities and training provided to employees,including
the log of the sampling data.Activities taken to implement BMPs associated with the industrial
activities,including vehicle maintenance activities,must also be recorded. All required
documentation shall be kept on-site for a period of five years and made available to the Director
or his authorized representative immediately upon request.
2. Minimum Monitoring and Reporting Requirements
Minimum monitoring and reporting requirements are as follows unless otherwise approved in writing by
the Director of the Division of Water Quality:
a. If a facility has multiple discharge locations with substantially identical stormwater discharges
that are required to be sampled,the permittee may petition the Director for representative outfall
status. If it is established that the stormwater discharges are substantially identical and the
permittee is granted representative outfall status,then sampling requirements may be performed
at a reduced number of outfalls.
b. Visual monitoring for color,odor,solids,foam,outfall staining,visible sheens and dry weather
flow shall be performed at all stormwater discharge outfall locations. All visual monitoring shall
be documented and records maintained with the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan. The
initial visual monitoring event shall be performed simultaneously with the first analytical
monitoring event and documentation of only this initial visual monitoring event shall be
submitted along with the required analytical monitoring submittal.
c For purposes of the stormwater sampling required in this permit,all samples shall be collected
from a discharge resulting from a representative storm event(See definitions in Part III,Standard
Conditions). Failure to monitor storm events in accordance with the specified frequency shall
constitute a violation of this permit. If the stormwater runoff is controlled by a detention pond,
the following sampling requirements shall apply:
Part H Page 3

Permit No.NC0085839
(1) If the detention pond detains the runoff generated by one inch of rainfall for 24 hours,
visual observations for color,foam,outfall staining,visible sheens and dry weather flow
are required,but analytical sampling shall not be required.
(2) If the detention pond discharges only in response to a storm event exceeding a 25-year,
24-hour storm(See Part II,Standard Conditions,Section A),the pond shall be considered
a non-discharging stormwater control system and not subject to NPDES requirements,
unless the discharge causes a violation of water quality standards.
d. Samples analyzed in accordance with the terms of this permit shall be submitted on forms
approved by the Director no later than January 31 for the previous year in which sampling was
required to be performed.
e. Analytical results from sampling during the final year of the permit term shall be submitted with
the permit renewal application.
f. This permit regulates stormwater discharges associated with industrial activity. Non-stormwater
discharges which shall be allowed in the stormwater conveyance system are:
(1) All other discharges that are authorized by an NPDES permit.
(2) Foundation drains,air-conditioner condensate without added chemicals,springs,
waterline and fire hydrant,water from footing drains,flows from riparian habits and
wetlands,fire-fighting training and fire system testing.
(3) Discharges resulting from fire-fighting.
If the storm event monitored and reported in accordance with this permit coincides with a non-
stormwater discharge,the permittee shall separately monitor and report all parameters as
required under the non-stormwater portion of this permit and provide this information with the
stormwater discharge monitoring report.
Part II Page 4

A. (3). STORMWATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - FINAL Permit No. NC0085839
(a). Analytical Monitoring.
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall 002
- stormwater from process wastewater areas and adjoining stormwater collection areas. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the
Permittee as specified below:
Effluent Characteristics Discharge Limitations Monitoring Requirements
Measurement Sample •• m le
Monthly Average Weekly Average Daily Maximum Frequency Type Location
Flow •• •• E
Total Rainfall (inches) ••
Event Duration(minutes) ••
Total Suspended Residue(mg/1) Annual Grab E
Settleable Solids(m1/I) Annual Grab E
Turbidity(NTU) Annual Grab E
pH(SU) Annual Grab E
Fluoride(mg/I) Annual Grab E
Chloride(mg/I) Annual Grab E
Sample location: E - Effluent
For each representative storm event the total precipitation,storm duration and total flow must be monitored. Total flow shall be either; (a) measured
continuously, (b)calculated based on the amount of area draining to the outfall, the amount of built-upon (impervious) area and the total amount of rainfall,or
(c)estimated by the measurement of flow at 20 minute intervals during the rain event.
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.
Part H Page 5

Permit No.NC0085839
b. Visual Monitoring •
Visual monitoring requires a qualitative visual inspection of each stormwater outfall,regardless of
representative outfall status,for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of the Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan and assessing new sources of stormwater pollution. No analytical tests are required.
Visual monitoring of stormwater outfalls does not need to be performed during a representative storm
event.
Stormwater Discharge Monitoring
Characteristics Frequency 1 Monitoring Type 2 Location3
Color Semi-annual Visual SDO
Odor Semi-annual Observation SDO
Clarity Semi-annual Visual SDO
Floating Solids Semi-annual Visual SDO
Suspended Solids Semi-annual Visual SDO
Foam Semi-annual Visual SDO
Oil Sheen Semi-annual Visual SDO
Other obvious indicators of Semi-annual Visual SDO
stormwater pollution
1 Frequency:The first visual monitoring event during the term of the permit must be performed
during the initial analytical monitoring event. All subsequent visual monitoring will be
performed twice per year,once in the spring and once in the fall.
2 Monitoring Type:Monitoring requires a qualitative observation of each stormwater outfall.
No analytical testing or sampling is required.
3 Sample Location:Stormwater Discharge Outfall(SDO).
SECTION B: SCHEDULE OF COMPLIANCE
The permittee shall comply with stormwater monitoring requirements and controls specified for
stormwater discharges in accordance with the following schedule:
The Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan shall be developed and implemented within 12
months of the effective date of this permit and updated thereafter on an annual basis. Secondary
containment,as specified in Part III,Section A.19.of this permit,shall be accomplished within 12
months of the effective date of this permit.
2. The permittee shall at all times provide the operation and maintenance necessary to operate the
permitted stormwater controls at optimum efficiency.
Part II Page 6

• Permit No. NC0085839
PART III
STANDARD CONDITIONS FOR NPDES PERMITS
SECTION A: DEFINITIONS
1. Act or "the Act"
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act, as amended, 33
USC 1251,et.seq.
2. rest Management Practices (BMPs)
Schedules of activities,prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures,and other management
practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of the United States. BMPs also include
treatment requirements, operation procedures, and practices to control plant site runoff, spillage
or leaks,sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage.
3. Bulk Storage of Liquid Products
Liquid raw materials (excluding water), manufactured products, waste materials or by-products
with a single above ground storage container having a capacity of greater than 660 gallons or
with multiple above ground storage containers having a total storage capacity of greater than
1,320 gallons.
4. Calculation of Means
a Arithmetic Mean: The arithmetic mean of any set of values is the summation of the
individual values divided by the number of individual values. •
b. Geometric Mean: The geometric mean of any set of values is the Nth root of the product of the
individual values where N is equal to the number of individual values. The geometric mean
is equivalent to the antilog of the arithmetic mean of the logarithms of the individual
values. For purposes of calculating the geometric mean,values of zero (0) shall be considered
to be one(1).
c. Weighted by Flow Value: Weighted by flow value means the summation of each
concentration times its respective flow divided by the summation of the respective flows.
5. Calendar Day
The period from midnight of one day until midnight of the next day. However, for purposes of
this permit, any consecutive 24-hour period that reasonably represents the calendar day may be
used for sampling.
6. Coal Pile Runoff
The rainfall runoff from or through any coal storage pile.
Part III Page 1

Permit No.NC0085839
7. Concentration Measurement
a. The "average monthly concentration," other than for fecal coliform bacteria, is the sum of the
concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during a calendar month on
which daily discharges are sampled and measured, divided by the number of daily
discharges sampled and/or measured during such month (arithmetic mean of the daily
concentration values). The daily concentration value is equal to the concentration of a
composite sample or in the case of grab samples is the arithmetic mean (weighted by flow
value) of all the samples collected during that calendar day. The average monthly count for
fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for samples collected during a
calendar month. This limitation is identified as "Monthly Average" under "Other Limits" in
Part I of the permit.
b. The "average weekly concentration," other than for fecal coliform bacteria, is the sum of the
concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during a calendar week
(Sunday/Saturday) on which daily discharges are sampled and measured divided by the
number of daily discharges sampled and/or measured during such week (arithmetic mean of
the daily concentration values). The daily concentration value is equal to the concentration of
a composite sample or in the case of grab samples is the arithmetic mean (weighted by flow
value) of all the samples collected during that calendar day. The average weekly count for
fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for samples collected during a
calendar week. This limitation is identified as "Weekly Average" under "Other Limits" in
Part I of the permit.
c. The "maximum daily concentration" is the concentration of a pollutant discharge during a
calendar day. If only one sample is taken during any calendar day the concentration of
pollutant calculated from it is the "Maximum Daily Concentration". It is identified as
"Daily Maximum" under "Other Limits" in Part I of the permit.
d. The "average annual concentration," other than for fecal coliform bacteria, is the sum of the
concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during a calendar year on
which daily discharges are sampled and measured divided by the number of daily discharges
sampled and/or measured during such year (arithmetic mean of the daily concentration
values). The daily concentration value is equal to the concentration of a composite sample or
in the case of grab samples is the arithmetic mean (weighted by flow value) of all the
samples collected during that calendar day . The average yearly count for fecal coliform
bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for samples collected during a calendar year. This
limitation is identified as "Annual Average" under "Other Limits" in Part I of the permit.
e. The"daily average concentration" (for dissolved oxygen) is the minimum allowable amount of
dissolved oxygen required to be available in the effluent prior to discharge averaged over a
calendar day. If only one dissolved oxygen sample is taken over a calendar day,the sample is
considered to be the "daily average concentration" for the discharge. It is identified as
"daily average" in the text of Part I.
f. The "quarterly average concentration" is the average of all samples taken over a calendar
quarter. It is identified as "Quarterly Average Limitation" in the text of Part I of the permit.
g. A calendar quarter is defined as one of the following distinct periods:January through March,
April through June,July through September,and October through December.
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• Permit No.NC0085839
8. DWQ or "the Division"
The Division of Water Quality, Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources.
9. INC
The North Carolina Environmental Management Commission.
10.Hazardous Substance
Any substance designated under 40 CFR Part 116 pursuant to Section 311 of the Clean Water Act.
11. Landfill
A disposal facility or part of a disposal facility where waste is placed in or on land and which is
not a land treatment facility, a surface impoundment, an injection well, a hazardous waste long-
term storage facility or a surface storage facility.
12. Mass/Day Measurements
a. The "monthly average discharge" is defined as the total mass of all daily discharges
sampled and/or measured during a calendar month on which daily discharges are sampled
and measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled and/or measured during
such month. It is therefore, an arithmetic mean found by adding the weights of the pollutant
found each day of the month and then dividing this sum by the number of days the tests were
reported. The limitation is identified as "Monthly Average" in Part I of the permit.
b. The "weekly average discharge" is defined as the total mass of all daily discharges sampled
and/or measured during the calendar week (Sunday - Saturday) on which daily discharges
are sampled and measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled and/or
measured during such week. It is,therefore, an arithmetic mean found by adding the weights
of pollutants found each day of the week and then dividing this sum by the number of days
the tests were reported. This limitation is identified as 'Weekly Average" in Part I of the
permit.
c. The "maximum daily discharge" is the total mass (weight) of a pollutant discharged during a
calendar day. If only one sample is taken during any calendar day the weight of pollutant
calculated from it is the "maximum daily discharge." This limitation is identified as "Daily
Maximum,"in Part I of the permit.
d. The "average annual discharge" is defined as the total mass of all daily discharges sampled
and/or measured during the calendar year on which daily discharges are sampled and
measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled and/or measured during such
year. It is, therefore, an arithmetic mean found by adding the weights of pollutants found
each day of the year and then dividing this sum by the number of days the tests were reported.
This limitation is defined as "Annual Average" in Part I of the permit.
13. Other Measurements
a. Flow, (MGD): The flow limit expressed in this permit is the 24 hours average flow, averaged
monthly. It is determined as the arithmetic mean of the total daily flows recorded during the
calendar month.
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Permit No.NC0085839
b. An "instantaneous flow measurement" is a measure of flow taken at the time of sampling,
when both the sample and flow will be representative of the total discharge.
c. A"continuous flow measurement" is a measure of discharge flow from the facility which occurs
continually without interruption throughout the operating hours of the facility. Flow shall
be monitored continually except for the infrequent times when there may be no flow or for
infrequent maintenance activities on the flow device.
14. Permit Issuing Authority
The Director of the Division of Water Quality.
15. Point Source Discharge
Any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but specifically not limited to, any
pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, or
concentrated animal feeding operation from which pollutants are or may be discharged to waters
of the state.
16. Representative Storm Event
A storm event that is preceded by at least 72 hours during which no storm event measuring greater
than 0.1 inches has occured.
17. Runoff Coefficient
The fraction of total rainfall that is not infiltrated into or otherwise retained by the soil,
concrete, asphalt or other surface upon which it falls that will appear at the conveyance as
runoff.
18. Sample Types
a. Composite Sample: A composite sample shall consist of:
(1)a series of grab samples collected at equal time intervals over a 24 hour period of discharge
and combined proportional to the rate of flow measured at the time of individual sample
collection, or
(2) a series of grab samples of equal volume collected over a 24 hour period with the time
intervals between samples determined by a preset number of gallons passing the sampling
point. Flow measurement between sample intervals shall be determined by use of a flow
recorder and totalizer, and the present gallon interval between sample collection fixed at
no greater than 1/24 of the expected total daily flow at the treatment system,or
(3)a single,continuous sample collected over a 24 hour period proportional to the rate of flow.
In accordance with (1) above, the time interval between influent grab samples shall be no
greater than once per hour, and the time interval between effluent grab samples shall be no
greater than once per hour except at wastewater treatment systems having a detention time of
greater than 24 hours. In such cases, effluent grab samples may be collected at time intervals
evenly spaced over the 24 hour period which are equal in number of hours to the detention time
of the system in number of days. However, in no case may the time interval between effluent
grab samples be greater than six(6)hours nor the number of samples less than four(4)during a
24 hour sampling period.
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Permit No. NC0085839
b. Grab Sample: Grab samples are individual samples collected over a period of time not
exceeding 15 minutes; the grab sample can be taken manually. Grab samples must be
representative of the discharge or the receiving waters.
19. Secondary Containment
Spill containment for the contents of the single largest tank within the containment structure plus
sufficient freeboard to allow for the 25-year,24-hour storm event.
20. Section 313 Water Priority Chemical
A chemical or chemical category which:
a. Is listed in 40 CFR 372.65 pursuant to Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986, also titled the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act of 1986;
b. Is present at or above threshold levels at a facility subject to SARA title III, Section 313
reporting requirements;and
c. That meet at least one of the following criteria:
(1) Is listed in appendix D of 40 CFR part 122 on either Table II (organic priority pollutants),
Table III (certain metals, cyanides, and phenols) or Table IV (certain toxic pollutants and
hazardous substances);
(2) Is listed as a hazardous substance pursuant to section 311(b)(2)(A) of the CWA at 40 CFR
116.4;or
(3) Is a pollutant for which EPA has published acute or chronic water quality criteria.
21. Significant Materials
Includes, but is not limited to: raw materials; fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents, and
plastic pellets; finished materials such as metallic products; raw materials used in food
processing or production;hazardous substances designated under section 101(14)of CERCLA;any
chemical the facility is required to report pursuant to section 313 of Title III of SARA; fertilizers;
pesticides; and waste products such as ashes, slag and sludge that have the potential to be
released with stormwater discharges.
22. Significant Spills
Includes, but is not limited to: releases of oil or hazardous substances in excess of reportable
quantities under section 311 of the Clean Water Act(Ref:40 CFR 110.10 and CFR 117.21)or section
102 of CERCLA(Ref:40 CFR 302.4).
23. Stormwater Runoff
The flow of water which results from precipitation and which occurs immediately following
rainfall or as a result of snowmelt.
24. Stormwater Associated with Industrial Activity
The discharge from any point source which is used for collecting and conveying stormwater and
which is directly related to manufacturing, processing or raw material storage areas at an
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•
Permit No.NC0085839
industrial site. The term does not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from
the NPDES program.
The following categories of facilities are considered to be engaging in "industrial activity":
a. Facilities subject to stormwater effluent limitations guidelines, new source performance
standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N, Parts 400-471
(except_facilitieswhich are exempted under (k) of this definition);
b. Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 24 (except 2434), 26 (except 265 and
267),28,29,30,311,32,33,3441,373;
c. Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 10 through 14 (mineral industry)
including active or inactive mining operations (except for areas of coal mining operations
meeting the definition of a reclamation area under 40 CFR 434.11(1)) and oil and gas
exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations, or transmission facilities that
discharge stormwater contaminated by contact with or that has come in contact with, any
overburden, raw material, intermediate products, finished products, byproducts or waste
products located on the site of such operations; inactive mining operations are mining sites
that are not being actively mined,but which have an identifiable owner/operator;
d. Hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, including those that are operating
under interim status or a permit under Subtitle C of RCRA;
e. Landfills, land application sites, and open dumps that receive or have received any industrial
wastes (waste that is received from any of the facilities described under this definition)
including those that are subject to regulation under Subtitle D of RCRA;
f. Facilities involved in the recycling of materials, including metal scrapyards, battery
reclaimers, salvage yards and automobile junkyards, including but limited to those classified
as Standard Industrial Classification 5015 and 5093;
g. Steam electric power generating facilities, including coal handling sites;
h. Transportation facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 40,41, 42, 44, and 45
which have vehicle maintenance shops, equipment cleaning operations, or airport deicing
operations. Only those portions of the facility that are either involved in vehicle
maintenance (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling and
lubrication), equipment cleaning operations, airport deicing operations, or which are
otherwise identified under (a)-(g) or (i)-(k) of this definition are associated with industrial
activity;
i. Treatment works treating domestic sewage or any other sewage sludge or wastewater
treatment device or system, used in the storage treatment, recycling, and reclamation of
municipal or domestic sewage,including lands dedicated to the disposal of sewage sludge that
are located within the confines of the facility, with a design flow of 1.0 mgd or more, or
required to have an approved pretreatment program under 40 CFR part 403. Not included are
farm lands, domestic gardens or lands used for sludge management where sludge is
beneficially reused and which are not physically located in the confines of the facility, or
areas that are in compliance with section 405 of the CWA;
j. Construction activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities except: operations
that result in the disturbance of less that five acres of total land area which are not part of a
larger common plan of development or sale;
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Permit No. NC0085839
k. Facilities under Standard Industrial Classifications 20, 21, 22, 23, 2434, 25, 265, 267, 27, 283,
285,30, 31 (except 311),323,34 (except 3441),35,36,37(except 373),38,39,4221-25,(and which
are not otherwise included within (a)-(j) of this definition).
For the categories of industries identified in (a) through (j) of this definition the term includes,
but is not limited to, stormwater discharges from industrial plant yards; immediate access roads
and rail lines used or traveled by carriers of raw materials, manufactured products, waste
material, or by-products used or created by the facility; material handling sites; refuse sites;
sites used for the application or disposal of process wastewaters; sites used for the storage and
maintenance of material handling equipment; sites used for residual treatment, storage, or
disposal; shipping and receiving areas; manufacturing buildings; storage areas (including tank
farms) for raw materials, and intermediate and finished products; and areas where industrial
activity has taken place in the past and significant materials remain and are exposed to
stormwater. For the categories of industries identified in (k), the term includes only stormwater
discharges from all areas listed in the previous sentence (except access roads) where material
handling equipment or activities, raw material, intermediate products, final products, waste
material,by-products,or industrial machinery are exposed to stormwater.
Material handling activities include the: storage, loading and unloading, transportation, or
conveyance of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, by-product or waste
product. The term excludes areas located on plant lands separated from the plant's industrial
activities, such as office buildings and accompanying parking lots as long as the drainage from
the excluded areas is not mixed with stormwater drained from the above described areas.
Industrial facilities (including industrial facilities that are Federally or municipally owned or
operated that meet the description of the facilities listed in (a)-(k)) include those facilities
designated under 40 CFR 122.26(a)(1)(v).
25. Ten Year Design Storm
•
The precipitation event of a duration which will produce the maximum peak rate of runoff for
the watershed of interest resulting from a rainfall event of an intensity expected to be equaled or
exceeded,on the average,once in ten years.
26. Total Flow
The flow corresponding to the time period over which the sample collection occurs. The total
flow calculated based on the size of the area draining to the outfall, the amount of the built-upon
(impervious) surfaces within the drainage area, and the total amount of rainfall occurring during
the sampling period.
27. Toxic Pollutant
Any pollutant listed as toxic under Section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act.
28. Vehicle Maintenance Activity
Vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling, lubrication, vehicle cleaning
operations, or airport deicing operations.
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Permit No.NC0085839
29. Visible Sedimentation
Solid particulate matter, both mineral and organic, that has been or is being transported by
water, air, gravity, or ice from its site of origin which can be seen with the unaided eye.
30. Waste Pile
Any non-containerized accumulation of solid, non-flowing waste that is used for treatment or
storage.
SECTION B. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. Duty to Comply
The permittee must comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit noncompliance
constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit
termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or denial of a permit renewal
application.
a. The permittee shall comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under section
307(a) of the Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants and with standards for sewage sludge use or
disposal established under section 405(d) of the Clean Water Act within the time provided in
the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions or standards for sewage sludge
use or disposal,even if the permit has not yet been modified to incorporate the requirement.
b. The Clean Water Act provides that any person who violates a permit condition is subject to a
civil penalty not to exceed $25,000 per day for each violation. Any person who negligently
violates any permit condition is subject to criminal penalties of$2,500 to $25,000 per day of
violation, or imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both. Any person who knowingly
violates permit conditions is subject to criminal penalties of $5,000 to $50,000 per day of
violation,or imprisonment for not more than 3 years,or both. Also,any person who violates a
permit condition may be assessed an administrative penalty not to exceed $10,000 per
violation with the maximum amount not to exceed $125,000. [Ref: Section 309 of the Federal
Act 33 U.S.C.1319 and 40 CFR 122.41 (a)]
c. Under state law, a civil penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) per violation
may be assessed against any person who violates or fails to act in accordance with the terms,
conditions,or requirements of a permit. [Ref: North Carolina General Statutes§ 143-215.6A]
d. Any person may be assessed an administrative penalty by the Administrator for violating
section 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act, or any permit condition or limitation
implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of the Act.
Administrative penalties for Class I violations are not to exceed $10,000 per violation, with
the maximum amount of any Class I penalty assessed not to exceed$25,000. Penalties for Class
II violations are not to exceed $10,000 per day for each day during which the violation
continues,with the maximum amount of any Class II penalty not to exceed$125,000.
2. Duty to Mitigate
The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or sludge use
or disposal in violation of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting
human health or the environment.
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Permit No.NC0085839
3. Civil and Criminal Liability
Except as provided in permit conditions on "Bypassing" (Part III, C-4) and "Power Failures" (Part
III, C-7), nothing in this permit shall be construed to relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties for noncompliance pursuant to NCGS 143-215.3, 143-215.6
or Section 309 of the Federal Act, 33 USC 1319. Furthermore, the permittee is responsible for
consequential damages, such as fish kills, even though the responsibility for effective compliance
may be temporarily suspended.
4. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve
the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties to which the permittee is or may
be subject to under NCGS 143-215.75 et seq. or Section 311 of the Federal Act, 33 USG 1321.
Furthermore, the permittee is responsible for consequential damages, such as fish kills, even
though the responsibility for effective compliance may be temporarily suspended.
5. Property Rights
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property rights in either real or personal
property, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any
invasion of personal rights,nor any infringement of Federal,State or local laws or regulations.
6. Onshore or Offshore Construction
This permit does not authorize or approve the construction of any onshore or offshore physical
structures or facilities or the undertaking of any work in any navigable waters. _ _
7. Severability
The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision of this permit, or the
application of any provision of this permit to any circumstances, is held invalid, the application
of such provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit, shall not be affected
thereby.
8. Duty to Provide Information
The permittee shall furnish to the Permit Issuing Authority, within a reasonable time, any
information which the Permit Issuing Authority may request to determine whether cause exists
for modifying,revoking and reissuing,or terminating this permit or to determine compliance with
this permit. The permittee shall also furnish to the Permit Issuing Authority upon request,
copies of records required to be kept by this permit.
9. Duty to Reapply
If the permittee wishes to continue an activity regulated by this permit after the expiration date
of this permit, the permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit.
10. Expiration of Permit
The permittee is not authorized to discharge after the expiration date. In order to receive
automatic authorization to discharge beyond the expiration date, the permittee shall submit
such information, forms, and fees as are required by the agency authorized to issue permits no
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Permit No.NC0085839
later than 180 days prior to the expiration date. Any permittee that has not requested renewal at •
least 180 days prior to expiration, or any permittee that does not have a permit after the
expiration and has not requested renewal at least 180 days prior to expiration, will subject the
permittee to enforcement procedures as provided in NCGS 143-215.6 and 33 USC 1251 et.seq.
11. Signatory Requirements
All applications, reports, or information submitted to the Permit Issuing Authority shall be
signed and certified.
a. All permit applications shall be signed as follows:
(1) For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Section, a
responsible corporate officer means: (a) a president,secretary,treasurer or vice president
of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who
performs similar policy or decision making functions for the corporation, or (b) the
manager of one or more manufacturing production or operating facilities employing more
than 250 persons or having gross annual sales or expenditures exceeding 25 million (in
second quarter 1980 dollars),if authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated
to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures.
(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner or the proprietor,
respectively; or
(3) For a municipality,State, Federal, or other public agency: by either a principal executive
officer or ranking elected official.
b. All reports required by the permit and other information requested by the Permit Issuing
Authority shall be signed by a person described above or by a duly authorized representative
of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if: . . _
(1) The authorization is made in writing by a person described above;
(2) The authorization specified either an individual or a position having responsibility for
the overall operation of the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of plant
manager, operator of a well or well field, superintendent, a position of equivalent
responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for
environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be
either a named individual or any individual occupying a named position.);and
(3) The written authorization is submitted to the Permit Issuing Authority.
c. Certification. Any person signing a document under paragraphs a. or b. of this section shall
make the following certification:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared
under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my
inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly
responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant
penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fines and
imprisonment for knowing violations."
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Permit No. NC0085839
• 12. Permit Actions
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing of a
request by the permittee for a permit modification,revocation and reissuance,or termination,or a
notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition.
13. Permit Modification. Revocation and Reissuance.or Termination
The issuance of this permit does not prohibit the permit issuing authority from reopening and
modifying the permit, revoking and reissuing the permit, or terminating the permit as allowed
by the laws, rules, and regulations contained in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 122
and 123; Title 15A of the North Carolina Administrative Code, Subchapter 2H .0100; and North
Carolina General Statute 143-215.1 et. al.
14. Previous Permits
All previous National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permits issued to this facility,
whether for operation or discharge,are hereby revoked by issuance of this permit. [The exclusive
authority to operate this facility arises under this permit. The authority to operate the facility
under previously issued permits bearing this number is no longer effective. ] The conditions,
requirements, terms, and provisions of this permit authorizing discharge under the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System govern discharges from this facility.
SECTION C. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POLLUTION CONTROLS
1. Certified Operator
Pursuant to Chapter 90A-44 of North Carolina General Statutes, and upon classification of the
facility by the Certification Commission, the permittee shall employ a certified wastewater
treatment plant operator in responsible charge (ORC) of the wastewater treatment facilities.
Such operator must hold a certification of the grade equivalent to or greater than the
classification assigned to the wastewater treatment facilities by the Certification Commission.
The permittee must also employ a certified back-up operator of the appropriate type and any
grade to comply with the conditions of Title 15A, Chapter 8A .0202. The ORC of the facility
must visit each Class I facility at least weekly and each Class II, III, and IV facility at least
daily, excluding weekends and holidays, and must properly manage and document daily
operation and maintenance of the facility and must comply with all other conditions of Title 15A,
Chapter 8A .0202. Once the facility is classified, the permittee shall submit a letter to the
Certification Commission which designates the operator in responsible charge within thirty
days after the wastewater treatment facilities are 50% complete.
2. Proper Operation and Maintenance
The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of
treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the permittee
to achieve compliance with the conditions of this permit. Proper operation and maintenance also
includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This
provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems which are
installed by a permittee only when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the
conditions of the permit.
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Permit No.NC0085839
3. Need to Halt or Reduce not a Defense
It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been
necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the
condition of this permit.
4. Bypassing of Treatment Facilities
a. Definitions
(1) "Bypass" means the known diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment
facility including the collection system, which is not a designed or established or
operating mode for the facility.
(2) "Severe property damage" means substantial physical damage to property, damage to
the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and
permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the
absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by delays
in production.
b. Bypass not exceeding limitations.
The permittee may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to be
exceeded, but only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation. These
bypasses are not subject to the provisions of Paragraphs c.and d. of this section.
c. Notice
(1) Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in advance of the need for a bypass, it shall
submit prior notice, if possible at least ten days before the date of the bypass; including an
evaluation of the anticipated quality and affect of the bypass.
. (2) Unanticipated bypass. The permittee shall submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as
required in Part III,E.6. of this permit. (24 hour notice).
d. Prohibition of Bypass
(1) Bypass is prohibited and the Permit Issuing Authority may take enforcement action
against a permittee for bypass,unless:
(A) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury or severe property
damage;
(B) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass,such as the use of auxiliary treatment
facilities, retention of untreated wastes or maintenance during normal periods of
equipment downtime. This condition is not satisfied if adequate backup equipment
should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering judgment to prevent
a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive
maintenance;and
(C)The permittee submitted notices as required under Paragraph c. of this section.
(2) The Permit Issuing Authority may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its
adverse affects, if the Permit Issuing Authority determines that it will meet the three
conditions listed above in Paragraph d. (1) of this section.
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Permit No.NC0085839
5. Upsets
a. Definition.
"Upset " means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary
noncompliance with technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond
the reasonable control of the permittee. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent
caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment
facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation.
b. Effect of an upset.
An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with such
technology based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of paragraph c. of this
condition are met. No determination made during administrative review of claims that
noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final
administrative action subject to judicial review.
c. Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset.
A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative defense of upset shall demonstrate,
through properly signed,contemporaneous operating logs,or other relevant evidence that:
(1)An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the cause(s) of the upset;
(2) The permittee facility was at the time being properly operated; and
(3) The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Part III, E.6.(b)(B) of this
permit.
(4) The permittee complied with any remedial measures required under Part III, B. 2. of this
permit.
d. Burden of proof.
In any enforcement proceeding the permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has
the burden of proof.
6. Removed Substances
Solids, sludges, filter backwash,or other pollutants removed in the course of treatment or control
of wastewaters shall be utilized/disposed of in accordance with NCGS 143-215.1 and in a manner
such as to prevent any pollutant from such materials from entering waters of the State or
navigable waters of the United States. The permittee shall comply with all existing federal
regulations governing the disposal of sewage sludge. Upon promulgation of 40 CFR Part 503,any
permit issued by the Permit Issuing Authority for the utilization/disposal of sludge may be
reopened and modified,or revoked and reissued,to incorporate applicable requirements at 40 CFR
Part 503. The permittee shall comply with applicable 40 CFR Part 503 Standards for the Use and
Disposal of Sewage Sludge (when promulgated)within the time provided in the regulation, even
if the permit is not modified to incorporate the requirement. The permittee shall notify the
Permit Issuing Authority of any significant change in its sludge use or disposal practices.
7. Power Failures
The permittee is responsible for maintaining adequate safeguards as required by DWQ
Regulation, Title 15A, North Carolina Administrative Code, Subchapter 2H, .0124 Reliability,
to prevent the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated wastes during electrical power
Part III Page 13

Permit No. NC0085839
failures either by means of alternate power sources, standby generators or retention of
inadequately treated effluent.
SECTION D. MONITORING AND RECORDS
1. Representative Sampling
Samples collected and measurements taken, as required herein, shall be characteristic of the
volume and nature of the permitted discharge. Samples collected at a frequency less than daily
shall be taken on a day and time that is characteristic of the discharge over the entire period
which the sample represents. All samples shall be taken at the monitoring points specified in
this permit and, unless otherwise specified, before the effluent joins or is diluted by any other
wastestream, body of water, or substance. Monitoring points shall not be changed without
notification to and the approval of the Permit Issuing Authority.
2. Reporting
Monitoring results obtained during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month
and reported on a monthly Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR)Form(DWQ No.MR 1,1.1,2,3)or
alternative forms approved by the Director, DWQ, postmarked no later than the 30th day
following the completed reporting period.
The first DMR is due on the last day of the month following the issuance of the permit or in the
case of a new facility, on the last day of the month following the commencement of discharge.
Duplicate signed copies of these, and all other reports required herein, shall be submitted to the
following address:
Division of Water Quality
Water Quality Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 •
3. Flow Measurements
Appropriate flow measurement devices and methods consistent with accepted scientific practices
shall be selected and used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements of the volume of
monitored discharges. The devices shall be installed, calibrated and maintained to ensure that
the accuracy of the measurements are consistent with the accepted capability of that type of
device. Devices selected shall be capable of measuring flows with a maximum deviation of less
than + 10% from the true discharge rates throughout the range of expected discharge volumes.
Once-through condenser cooling water flow which is monitored by pump logs,or pump hour meters
as specified in Part I of this permit and based on the manufacturer's pump curves shall not be
subject to this requirement.
4. Test Procedures
Test procedures for the analysis of pollutants shall conform to the EMC regulations published
pursuant to NCGS 143-215.63 et. seq, the Water and Air Quality Reporting Acts, and to
regulations published pursuant to Section 304(g), 33 USC 1314, of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as Amended, and Regulation 40 CFR 136; or in the case of sludge use or disposal,
approved under 40 CFR 136,unless otherwise specified in 40 CFR 503,unless other test procedures
have been specified in this permit.
Part III Page 14

Permit No.NC0085839
To meet the intent of the monitoring required by this permit, all test procedures must produce
minimum detection and reporting levels that are below the permit discharge requirements and
all data generated must be reported down to the minimum detection or lower reporting level of
the procedure. If no approved methods are determined capable of achieving minimum detection
and reporting levels below permit discharge requirements, then the most sensitive (method with
the lowest possible detection and reporting level)approved method must be used.
5. Penalties for Tampering
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly
renders inaccurate,any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this permit
shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or by
imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both. If a conviction of a person is
for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this paragraph,punishment
is a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not more than 4
years, or both.
6. Records Retention
Except for records of monitoring information required by this permit related to the permittee's
sewage sludge use and disposal activities, which shall be retained for a period of at least five
years (or longer as required by 40 CFR 503), the permittee shall retain records of all monitoring
information, including all calibration and maintenance records and all original strip chart
recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation,copies of all reports required by this permit,
for a period of at least 3 years from the date of the sample, measurement, report or application. • -
This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time.
7. Recording Results
For each measurement or sample taken pursuant to the requirements of this permit,the permittee
shall record the following information:
a. The date,exact place,and time of sampling or measurements;
b. The individual(s)who performed the sampling or measurements;
c. The date(s) analyses were performed;
d. The individual(s) who performed the analyses;
e. The analytical techniques or methods used;and
f. The results of such analyses.
8. Inspection and Entry
The permittee shall allow the Director, or an authorized representative (including an
authorized contractor acting as a representative of the Director), upon the presentation of
credentials and other documents as may be required by law,to;
a. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or
conducted,or where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
b. Have access to and copy any records that must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
•
c. Inspect any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control equipment), practices, or
operations regulated or required under this permit;and
d. Sample or monitor for the purposes of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized
by the Clean Water Act, any substances or parameters at any location.
Part III Page 15

Permit No.NC0085839
SECTION E. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
1. Change in Discharge
All discharges authorized herein shall be consistent with the terms and conditions of this
permit. The discharge of any pollutant identified in this permit more frequently than or at a
level in excess of that authorized shall constitute a violation of the permit.
2. Planned Changes
The permittee shall give notice to the Director as soon as possible of any planned physical
alterations or additions to the permitted facility. Notice is required only when:
a. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria for determining
whether a facility is a new source in 40 CFR Part 122.29(b);or
b. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of
pollutants discharged. This notification applies to pollutants which are subject neither to
effluent limitations in the permit, nor to notification requirements under 40 CFR Part 122.42
(a)(1).
c. The alteration or addition results in a significant change in the permittee's sludge use or
disposal practices, and such alternation, addition or change may justify the application of
permit conditions that are different from or absent in the existing permit, including
notification of additional use or disposal sites not reported during the permit application --
process or not reported pursuant to an approved land application plan.
3. Anticipated Noncompliance
The permittee shall give advance notice to the Director of any planned changes in the permitted
facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit requirements.
4. Transfers
This permit is not transferable to any person except after notice to the Director. The Director may
require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permittee and incorporate such other
requirements as may be necessary under the Clean Water Act.
5. Monitoring Reports
Monitoring results shall be reported at the intervals specified elsewhere in this permit.
a. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report(DMR)(See Part III.D.2
of this permit) or forms provided by the Director for reporting results of monitoring of sludge
use or disposal practices.
b. If the permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by the permit,using test
procedures specified in Part III, D. 4. of this permit or in the case of sludge use or disposal,
approved under 40 CFR 503, or as specified in this permit, the results of this monitoring shall
be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the DMR.
c. Calculations for all limitations which require averaging of measurements shall utilize an
arithmetic mean unless otherwise specified by the Director in the permit.
Part III Page 16

Permit No.NC0085839
6. Twenty-four Hour Reporting
a. The permittee shall report to the central office or the appropriate regional office any
noncompliance which may endanger health or the environment. Any information shall be
provided orally within 24 hours from the time the permittee became aware of the
circumstances. A written submission shall also be provided within 5 days of the time the
permittee becomes aware of the circumstances. The written submission shall contain a
description of the noncompliance, and its cause; the period of noncompliance, including exact
dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the anticipated time it is
expected to continue;and steps taken or planned to reduce,eliminate,and prevent reoccurrence
of the noncompliance.
b. The following shall be included as information which must be reported within 24 hours under
this paragraph:
(1) Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit.
(2) Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit.
(3) Violation of a maximum daily discharge limitation for any of the pollutants listed by the
Director in the permit to be reported within 24 hours.
c. The Director may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis for reports under paragraph
b. above of this condition if the oral report has been received within 24 hours.
7. Other Noncompliance
The permittee shall report all instances of noncompliance not reported under Part III. E.5 and 6. of
this permit at the time monitoring reports are submitted. The reports shall contain the
information listed in Part III. E. 6. of this permit.
8. Other Information
Where the permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit
application, or submitted incorrect information in a permit application or in any report to the
Director,it shall promptly submit such facts or information.
9. Noncompliance Notification
The permittee shall report by telephone to either the central office or the appropriate regional
office of the Division as soon as possible,but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next working
day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the following:
a. Any occurrence at the water pollution control facility which results in the discharge of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic, such as the
dumping of the contents of a sludge digester; the known passage of a slug of hazardous
substance through the facility;or any other unusual circumstances.
b. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility incapable
of adequate wastewater treatment such as mechanical or electrical failures of pumps,
aerators,compressors,etc.
c. Any failure of a pumping station, sewer line, or treatment facility resulting in a by-pass
directly to receiving waters without treatment of all or any portion of the influent to such
station or facility.
Part III Page 17

Permit No.NC0085839
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter form
within 5 days following first knowledge of the occurrence.
10. Availability of Reports
Except for data determined to be confidential under NCGS 143-215.3(a)(2) or Section 308 of the
Federal Act, 33 USC 1318, all reports prepared in accordance with the terms shall be available
for public inspection at the offices of the Division of Water Quality. As required by the Act,
effluent data shall not be considered confidential. Knowingly making any false statement on any
such report may result in the imposition of criminal penalties as provided for in NCGS 143-
215.1(b)(2) or in Section 309 of the Federal Act.
11. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who knowingly makes any false statement,
representation, or certification in any record or other document submitted or required to be
maintained under this permit, including monitoring reports or reports of compliance or
noncompliance shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per
violation,or by imprisonment for not more than two years per violation,or by both.
SECTION F. OTHER REQUIREMENTS
1. Construction
No construction of wastewater treatment facilities, additions to the plant's treatment capacity or
change(s) to the type(s) of process(es) utilized at the treatment plant shall be begun until Final
Plans and Specifications have been submitted to the Division. Construction may not begin until
written approval and an Authorization to Construct has been issued by the Division to the
permittee.
2. Groundwater Monitoring
The permittee shall,upon written notice from the Permit Issuing Authority,conduct groundwater
monitoring as may be required to determine the compliance of this facility with the current
groundwater standards.
3. Changes in Discharges of Toxic Substances
The permittee shall notify the Permit Issuing Authority as soon as it knows or has reason to believe:
a. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in the discharge,on a routine
or frequent basis, of any toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that discharge
will exceed the highest of the following "notification levels";
(1) One hundred micrograms per liter(100 ug/1);
(2) Two hundred micrograms per liter (200 ug/1) for acrolein and acrylonitrile; five hundred
micrograms per liter (500 ug/1) for 2.4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4.6-dinitrophenol;
and one milligram per liter(1 mg/1) for antimony;
(3) Five (5) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit
application.
Part III Page 18

Permit No.NC0085839
b. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in any discharge, on a non-
routine or infrequent basis, of a toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that
discharge will exceed the highest of the following "notification levels";
(1) Five hundred micrograms per liter(500 ug/1);
(2) One milligram per liter(1 mg/1) for antimony;
(3) Ten (10) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit
application.
PART IV
STANDARD CONDITIONS FOR NPDES PERMITS
The permittee must pay the annual administering and compliance monitoring fee within 30 (thirty)
days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee in a timely manner in accordance with
15A NCAC 2H .0105(b)(4) may cause this Division to initiate action to revoke the permit.
PART V
LIMITATIONS REOPENER
This permit shall be modified , or revoked and reissued, to comply with any applicable effluent
guideline or water quality standard issued or approved under sections 302(b)(2)(c)and(d),304(b)(2)and
307(a) of the Clean Water Act, if the effluent guideline or water quality standard so issued or
approved:
a. contains different conditions or is otherwise more stringent than any effluent limitation in the
permit;or
b. controls and pollutant not limited in the permit.
The permit as modified or reissued under this paragraph shall also contain any other requirements in
the Act then applicable.
Part III Page 19

•
CONFIDENTIAL
unimin
cn� n
Unimin Corporation
(Rc� V
4000 Baker Road•Ottawa, IL 61350
(PHONE)815/434-4178•(FAX)815/434-3828 November 18, 1996
Susan Wilson,Environmental Engineer
NC DEHNR- Div. of Water Quality
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626
Ph: 919/733-5083 Fax: [phone]
RE: Unimin Corporation - Red Hill Facility - Draft Permit NC0085839
Dear Ms. Wilson:
In response to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service comments of October 30 concerning the Red
Hill wastewater discharge and its impact on the North Toe River (habitat of the federally-listed
Appalachian elktoe), I would like to supply some additional information and comments.
Unimin is not aware of any information that suggests that the current North Carolina water
quality standards for the North Toe River are not protective of aquatic organisms in general and,
specifically, the Appalachian elktoe. I question the validity of the Service's use of periodic water quality
sampling data when they made their determination that the North Toe River has no "assimilative
capacity" for additional loading of solids without taking into account the impact from other watershed
sources on the North Toe River. Considering the natural fluctuation in the river's turbidity from normal
events occurring in the watershed, the 10 NTU water standard for turbidity that the NC DEI-INR
promulgated for Class C Trout waters, in my opinion, was meant to be used as a long term average.
The data from the sampling required as part of our NPDES permit at our Quartz facility, shows that the
annual average turbidity for the North Toe River is within the 10 NTU limit (see Appendix A).
A natural ecosystem such as a stream is not a steady state system. Fluctuations in flow and
instream water quality occur when the natural characteristics of the watershed are impacted by natural
events and by man; e.g., sudden thunderstorms, prolonged rainfall periods, droughts, forest fires, and
man's modification of the landscape. The concept that the turbidity limit must be met at all times for the
protection of aquatic life is not supported by the reality of the normal fluctuations in the condition of the
stream. The instream aquatic life (trout, insects, and I also presume, the mussels) have methods for
coping with the natural periods of high turbidity, high flow, high suspended solids, and high settleable
solids loading caused by natural events. The impact from NPDES permitted discharges on Total
Settleable Solids, Total Suspended Solids, and Turbidity levels is very minor when compared to the
impact that the water quality sustains from the aforementioned events. Our data shows that our
downstream samples are generally clearer than our upstream samples. This, we believe, is caused by the
drainages flowing into the river being cleaner than the North Toe River itself.
RHQE&S4.DOC
11/18/963:09 PM

Susan Wilson-NCDEHNR
Unimin Corporation-Red Hill Facility-Draft Permit NC0085839
Page 2
We also do not agree with the Service's position that source identification is not relevant to the
decision on permitting additional suspended solids loads. As noted in Mr. Augspurger's letter, Mike
Parker of the DWG's Asheville regional office stated that "exceedences (in the 10 NTU turbidity
standard of the STORET sampling data) were likely the result of non-point source pollution in the
basin". We believe that this correctly reflects the current situation in the North Toe River. The non-
point discharges, both natural and man-affected, are at least an order of magnitude greater than
permitted discharges in their impact on the three water quality parameters of main interest to the Service
(Total Settleable Solids, Total Suspended Solids, and Turbidity). A responsible industry which has a
proven track record of compliance and a properly designed waste treatment system should not be
denied a permit because the instream turbidity water quality parameters during natural storm events do
not met the 10 NTU water quality criteria.
The Red Hill plant's water source is the North Toe River. To determine the net impact of the
Red Hill discharge on the river, one must first subtract the water quality parameters of the Intake Water
from the water quality parameters of the Discharge Water. By calculation, wastewater discharge from
Red Hill during a 7Q10 low flow period of 90 cubic feet per second (cfs) would impact the North Toe
River turbidity by 1.2%, or 0.2% during a period of average flow (510 cfs). At these discharge rates,
the impact on the turbidity of the North Toe River will be undetectable, as the detection limit for
turbidity is 1 NTU. To look at a worst case scenario, if the river was in a 7Q10 low flow condition and
our discharge was at its maximum flow with a turbidity of 10 NTUs greater than our intake water, then
our discharge would have the effect of raising the instream turbidity level by a non-detectable 0.12
NTU, which is an insignificant impact on the river.
Our instream samples for turbidity in the North Toe River at the Penland Bridge shows monthly
averages ranging from six to 26 NTUs. Undoubtedly, the higher values were due to non-point
discharges in the watershed. The instream samples for Total Suspended Solids (TSS) show monthly
averages ranging from 5 mg/1 to 85 mg/I. This is similar to the turbidity issue in the fact that instream
TSS levels are impacted significantly more by non-point discharges than by permitted NPDES discharge
points.
It should also be noted that there appears to be some confusion on the part of the Service
concerning the definition of"TSS". TSS, as specified in our Red Hill NPDES permit, refers to Total
Suspended Solids, which is a different measure and parameter than Total Settleable Solids. Total
Settleable Solids is measured by placing a one liter water sample into an Imoff cone and letting the
solids settle for 45 minutes. The volume of the solids which settle out is expressed in m1/1. The limit of
detection for the Total Settleable Solids test is 0.1 m1/l. This test is very useful when used to determine
the effectiveness of erosion and sediment control measures. It is a measure of the amount of fine sand
and coarse silt in the water being tested. This test would have direct correlation to the potential for
sedimentation in a stream or river.
Total Suspended Solids, however, is a measure of both suspended and settleable solids, but not
dissolved solids. A volume of water is passed through a filter, and the mass of residue on the filter is
divided by the total volume of the water, yielding a Total Suspended Solids or (TSS) figure in mg/l. It
is possible for a sample to have very low Total Settleable Solids and high Total Suspended Solids
RHQE&S4.DOC
11/18/96 3:09 PM

Susan Wilson-NCDEHNR •
Unimin Corporation- Red Hill Facility-Draft Permit NC0085839
Page 3
numbers if the water contains a great number of colloidal and clay sized particles. The limit of detection
for Total Suspended Solids is 1 mg/l.
I have calculated what impact the Red Hill plant's 142 lbs/day Total Suspended Solids limit (as
stated in the draft permit)would have on the river at a 7Q10 flow. If the river was at 7Q10 flow (which
occurs statistically for one week every 10 years) and the river was at 10 mg/1 TSS, our discharge would
raise the river's TSS level to 10.3 mg/1.
If the instream river quality for TSS was 25 mg/1, then the discharge would have no effect on
the instream concentration level. Also, if the river was at a TSS level higher than our discharge's TSS
level, we would be discharging clearer water back into the river than we had taken out. Unfortunately,
this cleaner discharge would not make much impact on the river because the discharge would be less
than 1.2 % of the river flow; thus, making the Service's permitting approval condition "if remedial
efforts result in the North Toe River regaining assimilative capacity for turbidity producing wastes"
unattainable no matter how clear the discharge was.
All of the above net changes are below the 1 mg/1 detection limit and the 2.8 mg/1 repeatability
limit of the Total Suspended Solids test, thus, rendering the impact from this discharge undetectable.
In summary on the issue of Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids, and Total Settleable Solids, the
NCDEHNR was correct in their statement that this discharge will not have an adverse impact on the
river because the limits set in our permit were written based on the 7Q10 flow of the river. If the river
is over the TSS or Turbidity limit, our discharge's TSS should be lower than the river's; thus, netting a
positive impact. If, however, the river's TSS or Turbidity is under the limit, then the addition of .1
NTU or .3 mg/1 to the instream flow would result in an "insignificant increase" in the river's turbidity.
Also, because the plant site for Red Hill Quartz was at one time under various forms of agricultural
practices (cultivation and grazing), it may be argued that our discharge because of the current soil and
sediment control measures, may yield a net decrease in discharge to the river of Total Settleable Solids,
Total Suspended Solids, and Turbidity.
Regarding the Service's concern for the tolerance of freshwater mussels to fluoride, I'd like to
note that the North Carolina water quality standard for fluoride is set at 1.8 mg/1 and was calculated
using 1/20th of the most conservative value of 36.1 mg/L LC50 value for rainbow trout. This is the
value used by the state to determine the total pounds of fluoride loading in the river based on 7Q10
flow. The Red Hill discharge to the North Toe River will be within this discharge parameter at the
discharge point. The predicted instream fluoride concentration immediately downstream of the
confluence of Big Rock Creek and the North Toe River at 7Q10 low flow is 1.16 mg/1. At the average
flow of 510 cubic feet per second predicted fluoride concentration is predicted to be 0.24 mg/1. Unless
the Service has indications of water quality impairment evidenced by instream biological monitoring that
suggest that the current instream fluoride standard of 1.8 mg/I is not protective of aquatic organisms in
general and the Appalachian elktoe mussel in particular, Unimin believes that draft permit NC0085839
should be issued.
RHQE&S4.DOC
11/18/96 3:09 PM

Susan Wilson-NCDEHNR
Unimin Corporation-Red Hill Facility-Draft Permit NC0085839
Page 4
We do not believe that more frequent sampling of storm water is necessary. The current annual
storm water sampling as required by the NPDES permit is more stringent than Federal rule requirements
which only call for visual inspections and the implementation of a storm water management plan. Per
the NPDES permit, storm water sampling must occur during representative storm events, which do not
occur every time it rains, or even on a monthly basis.
Unimin's Red Hill facility will have in place a series of safeguards designed to prevent chemical
spills and upsets from reaching the river. All hazardous chemicals will be stored in above ground tanks
surrounded by concrete secondary containment structures. The secondary containment will be installed
before the tanks are placed within the structure. Any spills or upsets which might occur outside of this
containment system would either be picked up in one of the plant's process wastewater sumps or would
report to the emergency containment basin. The emergency containment basin provides a place to store
process wastewater in the event of wastewater treatment plant shutdown. As an additional safeguard,
the freshwater reservoir will be constructed immediately downstream of the plant site. This reservoir is
of such size that it could serve both as a dilution source and a retention basin if needed.
Unimin believes that the wastewater treatment system it has designed using Best Available
Technology and the limits set by the Red Hill Quartz NPDES permit reduce to an insignificant level any
impact from the Red Hill discharge for TSS, Total Settleable Solid and Turbidity. Additional control
technology to further reduce Turbidity and TSS levels is not cost justified because of this insignificant
impact to the river. Also, the design of the wastewater treatment system has utilized Best Available
Technology for fluoride removal and meets the current accepted water quality standards for fluoride
which is protective of aquatic organisms.
Unimin is willing to meet with you in Raleigh in order to help bring closure to the water quality
issues raised by U.S. Fish& Wildlife Service.
Sincerely Yours,
�J 4 SLd &l
William Shalter
General Manager/Env. Affairs
Attachment: Appendix A
CC: D. Bradley(Unimin)
C. Stover(Unimin)
T. Augspurger(Raleigh Fish&Wildlife Service)
RI-IQE&s4.Doc
11/18/96 3:09 PM

sc4:gtz-toe APPENDIX A •
.
CONFIDENTIAL
RIVER READINGS-MONTHLY AVERAGES g
a
N UPSTREAM OF QUARTZ PLANT DOWNSTREAM OF QUARTZ PLANT QUARTZ PLANT EFFLUENT
Settlable Settlable Settlable FLOW
1.993 TSS Solids Turb. F- TSS Solids Turb. F- TSS Solids Turd. F- MGD
Jan 39 <.1 9 .31 31 <.1 7 .42 42 C.1 12 30 .83
Feb 14 .1 7 .38 11 .1 7 .53 35 <.1 13 27 .90
Mar 65 .18 11 .24 70 .17 10 .29 65 <.1 13 29 .90
Apr 31 <.I 8 .30 28 <.1 8 .36 32 <.1 II 25 .84
May 52 .1 18• .65 43 .1 13 .72 42 <.1 15 26 .82
Jun 17 .1 5 .48 15 .1 5 .63 25 <.1 11 27 .87
Jul 17 .1 9 .63 13 .1 9 .83 29 (.1 12 24 .89
Aug 13 <.1 5 .97 14 <.1 5 1.22 36 <.1 11 27 .87
Sep 12 (.1 7 1.12 11 (.1 7 1.21 • 32 (.1 10 24 .93
Oct 6 <.1 4 1.10 6 <.1 4 1.20 24 <.1 10 28 .BO
Nov 6 <.1 4 .98 6 <.1 6 1.10 30 <.1 12 27 .85
Dec B <.1 6 .74 8 (.1 6 .85 27 <.1 9 25 .95
Avg: 23.3 <.1 7.8 .66 21.3 <.1 7.3 .78 34.9 <.1 11.6 27 .87
Settlable Settlable Settlable FLOW
TSS Solids Turb. F- TSS Solids Turb. F- TSS Solids Turb. F- MGD CI
.-I
1994
Jan 13 <.1 4 .49 9 <.1 4 .50 37 • <.1 12 23 1.10
Feb 11 <.1 7 .44 12 <.1 7 .56 37 C.1 13 24 .97 0
N Mar 23 <.1 8 .46 23 (.1 9 .53 33 <.1 10 26 .91
H Apr 16 <.1 8 .41 16 <.1 8 .42 43 <.1 14 24 .95
May 8 <.1
5 .54 B <.1 4 .58 54 <.1 14 25 .91
Jun 51 <.1 16 .60 44 <.1 13 .69 79 <.1 20 25 1.02
Jul 41 .16 20 .66 43 .15 17 .78 68 <.1 17 27 .89
►-� Aug 47 <.1 14 .52 45 <.1 14 .59 133 <.1 27 27 .90
�E+ Sep 7 <.1 3 .73 6.9 (.1 3 .94 '/7 (.1 20 24 .86
=3 Oct 5 <.1 4 .72 6 <.1 4 1.05 99 <.1 21 27 .97
Nov 10 <.1 5 .77 10 <.1 5 .88 N/A <.1 N/A N/A .81
Dec 14 <.1 5 .65 14 <.1 6 .81 109 <.1 23 26 .8B
Avg: 20.5 <.1 8.3 .58 19.7 <.1 B.0 .69 69.9 <.1 17.4 25 .93
8

APPENDIX A
uuNriutn I IAL � .
UPSTREAM OF QUARTZ PLANT DOWNSTREAM OF QUARTZ PLANT
Settlable Settlable Settlable FLOW .
TSS Solids Turb. F- TSS Solids Turb. F- TSS Solids Turb. F- MGD m
1995
Jan January 1995 data not included in info given to me this morning 0
m Feb 14 <.1 5 .55 16 <.1 6 .66 79 <.1 24 24 .92
d Mar 20 <.1 8 .54 22 <.1 8 .76 77 <.1 18 28 .92
Apr 6 <.1 3 .98 6 <.1 3 .92 73 <.1 20 26 .78
May 16 .1 8 .74 17 <.1 9 .73 44 <.1 14 20 .95
Jun 70 <.1 26 .55 70 <.1 26 .65 51 <.1 16 24 .92
Jul 17 <.1 6 .85 18 <.1 7 1.04 70 (.1 17 21 .98
Aug 30 .1 11 .83 31 .1 11 .92 47 <.1 18 20 .91
Sep 12 .1 6 .99 14 .1 6 1.16 68 <.1 14 19 .97
Oct 43 .2 7 .77 44 .2 8 .86 65 <.1 19 24 .97
Nov 9 <.1 4 . .68 9 (.1 4 .63 68 <.1 21 23 1.02
Dec 6 <.1 3 .88 7 <.1 6 1.09 72 <.1 19 22 1.09
' Avg: 22.1 (.1 7.9 .76 23.1 (.1 8.5 .9 64.9 <.1 18.2 22.8 .95
Settlable Settlable Settlable FLOW
TSS Solids Turb. F- TSS Solids Turb. F- TSS Solids Turb. F- MGD
1996 - ---
Jan 57 <. 1 20 .57 58 (.1 22 .65 76 <.1 23 16 1.13 •
Feb 14 <.1 5 .42 15 <.1 5 .50 87 (.1 21 16 1.23
Mar 19 <.1 9 .48 20 <.1 9 .58 63 <.1 16 17 1.30
Am- 18 <.1 9 .55 19 <.1 9 .65 77 <.1 17 20 1.14 N .
May 32 <.1 13 .61 28 <.1 12 .70 57 (.1 30 28 .96 ,-1 -
Jun 42 <.1 20 .57 41 <.1 19 .69 74 <.1 16 21 1.20
Jul 20 <.1 8 .99 16 <.1 7 1.12 43 <.1 16 19 1.25
Aug 85 .2 44 .67 84 .2 43 .76 51 <.1 16 16 1.46
Sep 18 <.1 6 1.15 14 <.1 6 1.28 39 < .1 16 21 1.160
N Avg: 33.9 <.1 14.9 .67 32.8 <.1 14.7 .77 62.4 <.1 19.2 19.3 1.20
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MINING FACILITIES ON THE NORTH TOE RIVER •
Permit Limits and Monitoring Requirements ,4•\.,,_'4,/,..i5
eke.olik'7.1,
Co 9,5z)j/
.„ Ng-CO 2.001 `y t�2u` ,NTS4-
/ (
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Facility Unimin Schoolhouse Qtz. Feldspar Unimin Crystal K-T Feldspar
NPDES No, NC000036I NC0000353 NC0084620 NC0000400
Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq.
PF(MGD) 2.16 3.5 ').173 1.73
TF(#/day) 109 218 daily 174 348 daily _ 50 ' 100 weekly 132 264 weekly ;� /,_ ,
TF(mg/1) 6.1 12.1 6 12 35 70 9.1 18.2
TSS (#/day) 450 721 daily 1568 3137 daily 36.6 173.2 weekly 1240 2480 weekly
TSS(mg/1) 25 40 54 108 60 120 86 172
SS monitor daily monitor daily monitor daily monitor -daily
pH (SU) 6-10 daily 6-10 daily 6-10 daily 6-10 daily
Turb(NTU) 10 daily 10 daily 10 daily 10 daily
Tox P/F 10% Qtrly P/F 11%a Qtrly LC50>65%Qtrly P/F 6% Qtrly
U,D TF,Turb TF,Turb, TF(wkly) TF,Turb,
(daily) pH Turb, pH
(daily) pH(daily) (daily--
y 3/week
`�G�X06 ,�. 'T -tont- : S�4 4� �__� GT - (�3
g�1 0
Facility Unimin Qtz `Unimin Qtz(processing-new) (V4 (A L �� - _
NPDES No, NC0000175 , NC0085839 _1
ti
Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. �� t/� M `T��.
PF(MGD) 3.6 0.682 1�
TF(#/day) 2l8 436 ��%, daily ; 200 400 weekly �+
TF(mg/1) 7.3 14.5 35 70M
TSS(#/day) 1320 2640 daily 142 284 weekly ��t (t•wr-. (p
TSS(mg/1) 44 88 r 25 50 ` � ���
. )SS monitor daily monitor daily lko� ' �� `2.
pH (SU) 6-10 daily 6-10 daily
Turb(NTU) 10 daily 10 weekly C_6k)'Yr-
Tox P/F 11% Qtrly P/F 1.15% Qtrly
U,D TF,Turb , TF,Turb
pH (weekly)
(daily- ,
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t
irEr
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0
October 2, 1996

DEHNR/DWQ
FACT SHEET FOR WASTELOAD ALLOCATION
NPDES No.: NC0020192
Applicant/Facility Name: City of Gastonia/Catawba Creek Wastewater reatment Facility
Appli . t Address: P.O. Box 1748, Gastonia, NC 28053-174:
Facili • ddress: Duke Street, Gastonia,Gaston County
Permitt- • ow 8.0 MGD
Type of W...te: Domestic- 50%/Industrial- 50%
Facility/Pe Status: Existing/Renewal
Receiving S. - .,. : Catawba Creek
Stream Classific 'on: C (Changes to WS-III and B when e ters Lake Wylie)
Subbasin: 030837 _ tre. Characteristic:
County: Gaston US'.S #
Regional Office: Mooresville . -
USGS Topo Quad: G14NW •' age Area(mi2): 12
Discharge Location: Please refer to USGS map 'ummer 7Q10(cfs): 1.5
inter 7Q10(cfs): 3.0
Average Flow(cfs): 14
IWC(%): 90.29
Wasteload Allocation Summary
Monitoring and limits will remain the ame for the majo- ty of parameters in the permit.
Oxygen consuming wastes have gene . . not been a p,•blem. Lake Wylie continues to
have problems with nutrients and therefo - the ph. - • total nitrogen and total phosphorus
limits will remain in the permit.
A reasonable potential analysis indicated that c•,• urn,cyanide,lead,and nickel will be
limited during the forthcoming permit period. G• tonia expressed concern with meeting
metals limits on a consistent basis and they belie - a that the WWTP would be less likely to
violate metals limits if the NPDES permit had eekl• averages as well as daily maximums.
The Division agreed to add weekly averages t. the NP'' permit for limited parameters.
Review of pretreatment allocation table for •. .wba Creek ' indicated that three
industries(Industrial Electroplating,Mode a S.Dyeing,an. pring Ford Knitting)
discharge mercury to the facility. Merc monitoring is also ..uired as part of the Long
Term Monitoring Plan (LTMP). Revie . of LTMP data for the •-riod 12/95-4/96 indicated
only one detection on 3/7/96 -a merc , concentration equal to 0.' ug/1(greater than water
quality standard of 0.012 ug/1). Merc monitoring(no limit)wi .- required in the
proposed draft permit.
(See attached summary for more d: •'1 on any of the above mentioned ite' s).
Special Schedule Requirements . d additional comments from Reviewers:
Recommended by: Date:
Reviewed by
Instream Assessmen . Date:
Regional Supervisor: Date:
Permits&Engineering: L6 zZ Nor Date:
RETURN TO TECHNIeh VRVICES BY:
Page 1

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Staff Review and Evaluation
NPDES Wastewater Permit
FACILITY FORMATION
Facility Town of Danbury
NPDES No. NC0043290
Design Flow(M D) N/A
Facility Class Water Treatment Plant Discharge
STREAM CHARACTERISTICS
Stream Name UT to Scott Branc
Stream Class C
Sub-basin 03-02-01
Drainage Area (mit)
S7Q10 (cfs)
W7Q10 (cfs)
30Q2 (cfs)
IWC (%)
Proposed Changes Parameters Affected Basis for ch. :e(s)
Added Part IV reference N/A Not part of • evious permit
Changed Monitoring Fl,'w, TSS, Settleable Solids, Modified t, reflect monitoring
Frequencies urbidity,Iron,and TRC frequenci- identified in memo
prepare, by Coleen Sullins
dated :-pt. 30, 1992.
Compliance Schedule: n/a
Special Condition(s): n/a
Permits&Engineering Comments:
No DMR data was available for review.
Prepared by: -
Jeffrey T.Myhra
Regional Office Evaluation and - ommendations:
16 zzNVQ
sa-ild As co3ti

361 353 84620 400
Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq.
PF 2.16 3.5 0.173 1.73
TF(#/day) 109 218 daily 174 348 daily 50 100 weekly 132 264 weekly
TF(mg/1) 6.1 12.1 6 12 35 70 9.1 18.2
TSS(#/day)450 721 daily 1568 3137 daily 86.6 173.2 weekly 1240 2480 weekly
TSS(mg/I) 25 40 54 108 60 120 86 172
SS monitor daily monitor daily monitor daily monitor daily
pH 6-10 daily 6-10 daily 6-10 daily 6-10 daily
Turbid. 10 daily 10 daily 10 daily 10 daily
Tox P/F 10% Qtrly P/F 11% Qtrly LC50>65%Qtrly P/F 6% Qtrly
U,D TF,Turb TF,Turb, TF(wkly) TF,Turb,
(Daily) pH Turb, pH
(Daily) pH(daily) (daily--
3/week)
175 85839
Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq.
3.6 0.682
218 436 daily 200 400 weekly
7.3 14.5
1320 2640 daily 142 284 weekly .
44 88 25 50 - -
monitor daily monitor daily
6-10 daily 6-10 daily
10 daily 10 weekly _
P/F 11% Qtrly P/F 1.15% Qtrly
TF,Turb TF,Turb
pH (weekly)
(daily--
3/week)

MINING FACILITIES ON THE NORTH TOE RIVER
Permit Limits and Monitoring Requirements
Facility Unimin Schoolhouse Qtz. Feldspar Unimin Crystal K-T Feldspar
NPDES No, NC0000361 NC0000353 NC0084620 NC0000400
Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon.avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq.
PF(MGD) 2.16 3.5 0.173 1.73
TF(#/day) 109 218 daily 174 348 daily 50 100 weekly 132 264 weekly
TF(mg/1) 6.1 12.1 6 12 35 70 9.1 18.2
TSS(#/day) 450 721 daily 1568 3137 daily 86.6 173.2 weekly 1240 2480 weekly
TSS(mg/I) 25 40 54 108 60 120 86 172
S S monitor daily monitor daily monitor daily monitor daily
pH (SU) 6-10 daily 6-10 daily 6-10 daily 6-10 daily
Turb(NTU) 10 daily 10 daily 10 daily 10 daily
Tox P/F 10% Qtrly P/F 11% Qtrly LC50>65%Qtrly P/F 6% Qtrly
U,D TF,Turb TF,Turb, TF(wkly) TF,Turb,
(daily) pH Turb, pH
(daily) pH(daily) (daily--
3/week)
Facility Unimin Qtz Unimin Qtz(processing-new) -
NPDES No, NC0000175 NC0085839
Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq. Mon. avg. Dail.max. Freq.
PF(MGD) 3.6 0.682
TF(#/day) 218 436 daily 200 400 weekly
TF(mg/1) 7.3 14.5 35 70
TSS(#/day) 1320 2640 daily 142 284 weekly
TSS(mg/I) 44 88 25 50
S S monitor daily monitor daily
pH (SU) 6-10 daily 6-10 daily
Turb(NTU) 10 daily 10 weekly
Tox P/F 11% Qtly P/F 1.15% Qty
U,D TF,Turb TF,Turb
pH (weekly)
(daily--
3/week)
THIS IS THE CURRENT MONITORING AND LIMIT SCHEME FOR THE MINING FACILITIES AS OF 10/96.
October 16, 1996

/1/4. 6.5 to ism.,
• COPY FOR YOUR
MORMON
��ENT OF ry United States Department of the Interior
of km
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
A� �Iii —
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
�4RCH 3 �a"9 Raleigh,North Carolina 27636-3726
October 30, 1996
Mr. Dave Goodrich
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North%�� Carolina 27626-0535
Dear Mr. ooaxi
The U.S . Fish and Wildlife Service has reviewed the public notice
and draft permit for the proposed new National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharge sought by the
UNIMIN Corporation (draft permit number NC0085839) . The facility
proposes to discharge treated industrial wastewater and
stormwater at a rate of 0 . 682 million gallons per day into the
North Toe River, a Class C-Trout stream. As depicted on maps
provided to the Division of Water Quality' s (DWQ) Biological
Assessment Group on February 13 , 1996, this portion of the North
Toe River is known habitat for the federally-listed endangered
Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) . These comments are
submitted in accordance with the provisions of the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 661-667e) and
the Endangered Species Act of 1973 , as amended (16 U.S . 1531-
1543) (Act) . Service comments are within the timeframe of an
extension granted by Ms . Susan Wilson of your staff during an
October 22nd telephone call on the subject public notice.
The Service' s primary concern with the draft permit relates to
the proposed discharge of up to 284 pounds per day of suspended
solids to a stream which is not meeting the North Carolina water
quality standard for turbidity. The Service retrieved STORET
water quality monitoring data for two stations in the subject
drainage : station #E8100000 at Penland, NC on the North Toe River
upstream of the proposed discharge, and station #E9990000 at
Poplar, NC on the Nolichucky River downstream from the proposed
discharge. A review of turbidity data from these stations from
1990 to the present indicates that ambient water quality on the
North Toe River at Penland exceeded the State' s 10 NTU turbidity
standard for protection of trout waters on 12 of 61 sampling
events (20%) . Over the same time interval, the turbidity
standard was exceeded on 13 of 60 sampling events at the Poplar
station (22%) . These data indicate that the turbidity standard
is not being met; they further indicate that there is no
assimilative capacity for additional loading of solids or other
turbidity-producing wastes in these waters .

We discussed the results of our analysis of the STORET data with
Mr. Michael Parker of the DWQ' s Regional Office in Asheville. He
indicated that the exceedences were likely the result of nonpoint
source pollution in the basin. The Service believes that source
identification is important in remedying the cause of water
quality degradation, but the sources do not appear relevant to a
decision on permitting additional loads. Regardless of the
sources, existing water quality is failing to meet State
standards on one-fifth of all sampling events .
The Service realizes that the draft permit is conditioned with a
narrative qualifier to the proposed turbidity limit which states,
"If the turbidity exceeds 10 NTU due to natural conditions, the
discharge shall not cause an increase in turbidity. " The Service
recommends against this approach for two reasons . First, it is
now known that turbidity exceeds the standards; while the sources
of the exceedences are not yet known, "natural conditions" have
not been defined for the receiving waters. Second, the proposed
discharge contains settleable solids which would likely
contribute to instream turbidity. Although the Instream Waste
Concentration is low (1 .2 percent of 7Q10 flow) , the addition of
settleable solids to a stream exceeding water quality criteria,
is not sound.
The Service has additional concerns about the proposed permit.
We would be pleased to discuss these concerns in more detail, but
they are secondary to the assimilative capacity issue:
o There is a lack of data on the tolerance of freshwater
mussels to fluoride, and the degree of protectiveness of the
proposed fluoride limit to this taxa is not known. We note
that the Appalachian elktoe population in this portion of
the North Toe River is stable and apparently not affected by
fluoride loadings approximately 25 miles upstream near
Spruce Pine, NC. While ambient fluoride concentrations in
the area of the proposed discharge appear protective now,
the effect of additional loadings within this known habitat
is not known. We encourage no exceedence of the existing
fluoride levels at the proposed discharge location.
Alternately, toxicity tests with sensitive lifestages
(glochidia and juveniles) of a surrogate mussel species
should be employed to help determine the tolerance of the
Appalachian elktoe to fluoride loadings and ensure the
adequacy of the proposed fluoride discharge limit.
o More frequent sampling of the stormwater management system
appears necessary (the proposed annual sampling would be
adequate only after a series of samples following rain
events demonstrated the new system' s efficacy) ;
o Previous fish kills in the drainage, associated with
chemical spills, indicate the need for failsafe measures in
the stormwater and spill`so�reneasures components of the
system; and,

. w
o There appears to be the potential for additional solids and
fluoride removal via sand filters, rotating drum systems, or
other measures.
The Service embraces a basinwide water quality management
approach, but the first step should be to identify where
standards are not being met and redress sources of impairment.
We suggest that the applicant and DWQ work to identify and
rectify the source (s) of the current exceedences of turbidity
standards to restore ambient water quality. It is particularly
important that involved parties work to remedy existing
exceedences of water quality standards prior to additional
loadings given the trout waters designation and the presence of
the Appalachian elktoe.
While the proposed discharge is relatively minor in terms of
overall flow in the North Toe River, the Service views it as a
step in the wrong direction and recommends that this permit not
be issued in its current form. If remedial efforts result in the
North Toe River regaining assimilative capacity for turbidity
producing wastes, or if the applicant treats the effluent to
eliminate turbidity-producing components from the discharge, the
Service will re-evaluate the action.
Please keep us informed of the status of this proposed action,
including any official determination. We have contacted the
applicant and plan to discuss our concerns with them soon. We
would be pleased to meet with you to discuss our concerns in more
detail . If you would like to meet, or if you have any questions
about this report, please contact me at the address above, by
phone at (919) 856-4520 x.21, or via e :mail at
Tom_Augspurger@mail .fws.gov.
Sincerely,
Af4n1
Tom Augspur
Ecologist
cc: Wilson, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Parker, NCDWQ, Asheville
Hughes, UNIMIN Corp. , Spruce Pine
Fridell, USFWS, Asheville
Goudreau, NCWRC, Marion
Powell, USEPA, Atlanta, GA
FWS/R4 :TAugspurger:TA:10-28-96 : 919/856-4520x.21 :wp51\unimin.fnl

/11/,6 Disct I4& c 0,3 NoiZTJ Toy P vE-2
7}4/s n rt_e.
Dischargers along this here river what is called the North Toe
River Mile NPDES Permit number
41.5 NC0000361 (uritM"N )
R6.5
"lQ10s= 3o
'lee)
NC0000353 (T46 PtL125PA42- co2P.)
33.8
NC0084620 CUNrM�N1
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29.2 NC0000400 ( K.T. FEL.] s? )
28.6 NC0000175 (O if1 I j)
►= 133
/9)S=45
27.5 Ambient monitori ng stat ion
21.6 {South Toe River junction}
6.0 NC0085839 ( UNIMIfJ)
DA = 340
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NCWRCMCP ,FALLS LAKE TEL :[phone] Oct 23 '96 13 :26 No .005 P .02
� )
'..
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street,Raleigh,North Carolina Z7604-1188,919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood,Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: A. Preston lloward Jr., Director
Division of Water Quality
FROM: Franklin T.McBride,Manager x,01
Habitat Conservation Program �'Y
DATE: October 23, 1996
SUBJECT: NPDES No, NC0085839, Permit application submitted by UNIMIN Corporation
for new industrial wastewater and storm water discharges into the North Toe
River, Mitchell County.
This correspondence responds to the Public Notice regarding a proposal to issue an new
NPDES permit to the UNIMIN Corporation at their Red Hill Quartz operation off NC 197. The
applicant proposes to discharge 0.682 million gallons per day of treated industrial wastewater
and storm water from two outfalls into the North Toe River, which has the water quality
classification of Class C:-Trout. These comments are provided in accordance with the provisions
of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act(48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.0. 661-667d.).
Our major concern with this proposal is potential adverse impacts to the Appalachian
elktoe (AJsmidonta raveneliana), a species listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. This freshwater mussel occurs both upstream mid downstream of the site of the
proposed discharges.
We have the 1`ollowing comments regarding this permit application:
1) In order to maintain high water quality in the North Toe River, the applicant should
explore the following options: a) using non-discharge alternatives, b) increasing the
amount of water that will be reused rather than discharged, and e) incorporating the most
advanced treatment available, which may include the use of sand filters.
2) We note that fluoride will be a component of the effluent. Is the fluoride limit proposed
protective of freshwater mussels?

NcWRC 'HOP 'FALLS LAKE TEL :[phone] Oct 23 '96 13 :26 No .005 P .03
. NC0085839 Page 2 10/23/96
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this project. if you have any
questions regarding these comments,please contact Ma. Stephanie Qoudrtaut at 704/6524257.
cc: Mr. David Goodrich,Division of Water Quality
Mr.Tom Augspurger, USFWS,Raleigh
Mr.John Fridell,USFWS,Asheville
NCWRC -Mr. Chris McGrath,Mr. John Alderman, Ms. Stephanie Goudreau

•
•
FACT SHEET FOR WASTELOAD ALLOCATION
Request# 8490
Facility Name: UNIMIN CORP.-RED HILL QUARTZ OPERATION
NPDES No.: NC0085839
Type of Waste: Industrial
Facility Status: Proposed rn
Permit Status: New r„
Receiving Stream: NORTH TOE RIVER
Stream Classification: C-TR i'
Subbasin: 040306 -J
County: MITCHELL Stream Characteristic: -,.
Regional Office: ASHEVILLE USGS #
Requestor: WILSON Date:
Date of Request: 5/28/96 Drainage Area(mi2): 340 (EST.)a 1
Topo Quad: C9SE Summer 7Q10 (cfs): 90.7 =+
Winter 7Q10(cfs): 125.6
Average Flow(cfs): 510
30Q2 (cfs): 183
IWC (%): 1.15
Wasteload Allocation Summary
(approach taken,correspondence with region, EPA,etc.)
Proposed treatment plant for the extraction and mineral process to produce high purity quartz sand.
Wastestream will contain fluoride, chloride, sulfate,calcium, sodium, and TSS. No federal
guidelines for this type mining facility. Application indicates 154#/d of fluoride loading is
appropriate for this discharger. This loading will not violate instream standard for fluoride. Daily
max. for fluoride given as 2 times mo.avg.limit based on other permitted quartz plants.oTSS limit
based on loading for 25 mg/1 (wkly avg)*0.682 MGD * 8.34=#/d. Recommend limits or
fluoride, TSS, Turbidity =10 NTU,Toxicity limit of 1.15% and pH. (Complete allocation of
allowable fluoride represented in recommendation B. For future management of other fluoride
discharging facilities that may locate in this segment of the North Toe,do not recommend this
allocation be given.)
Special Schedule Requirements and as ditional co I me . from Revi- , n
ia— .IJIrr, Iiia a - I t i .X11 ice`=. {
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Recommended b : : ' ' Date: 7/24/96_ u•�
0010
Reviewed by
Instream A .-ssment:j of
( Date: a`� �O
6 " i.rrvisor: Date: 7/��/96 ll // vy
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Or ither. tits &Engineering: / •
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2
TOXICS/METALS/CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS
Type of Toxicity Test: Chronic Ceriodaphnia P/F
Existing Limit: NA
Recommended Limit: 1.15%
Monitoring Schedule: JUL OCT JAN APR
Recommended Limits (A)
Monthly Avg. Daily Max. WQ or EL
Wasteflow (MGD): 0.682
Fluoride (lbs/day): 1-1-0
TSS (lbs/day): 142 284
Turbidity (NTU) 10 b ��
pH (SU): 6-9
Chloride (mg/1): monitor
cp moniter—C_ 614 a Po c )
SC '1iICEv�j((. Sv !Icl,.S 111c'Yh
Recommended Limits (B)
Monthly Avg. Daily Max. WQ or EL
Wasteflow (MGD): 0.682
4 Fluoride (lbs/day): 888 1776 WQ
TSS (lbs/day): 142 284 BAT
Turbidity(NTU) 10
pH (SU): 6-9
Chloride (mg/1): monitor
Sulfate (mg/1): monitor
X_ Parameter(s) are water quality limited. For some parameters, the available load capacity of
the immediate receiving water will be consumed. This may affect future water quality based
effluent limitations for additional dischargers within this portion of the watershed.
OR
No parameters are water quality limited,but this discharge may affect future allocations.
JIvoricLU
e e ti-E - Ptia64 etomaw4. 1112,40 c UhCor yr -bb 9-4);?Aff
'4-I,e0 cUO c14 9 e "JAIL (all avcib(J )0&cJ o f Egg lbs/dpi.), c� OUck
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• 3
INSTREAM MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Upstream Location: 50 ft above outfall (must be above water intake)
Downstream Location: 300 ft.below outall
Parameters: Fluoride,Turbidity,
Special instream monitoring locations or monitoring frequencies:
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION&SPECIAL CONDITIONS
Special Instructions or Conditions
Wasteload sent to EPA? (Major) (Y or N)
(If yes,then attach schematic,toxics spreadsheet,copy of model,or,if not modeled,then old
assumptions that were made,and description of how it fits into basinwide plan)
Additional Information attached? (Y or N) If yes,explain with attachments.

•
• Facility Name_Unimin-Red Hill Quartz Operation_Permit# _NC0085839 Pipe4t_001
CHRONIC TOXICITY PASS/FAIL PERMIT LIMIT (QRTRLY)
The effluent discharge shall at no time exhibit chronic toxicity using test procedures outlined in:
1.) The North Carolina Ceriodaphnia chronic effluent bioassay procedure(North Carolina Chronic Bioassay
Procedure- Revised *September 1989)or subsequent versions.
The effluent concentration at which there may be no observable inhibition of reproduction or significant mortality
is_1.2_% (defined as treatment two in the North Carolina procedure document). The permit holder shall
perform quarterly monitoring using this procedure to establish compliance with the permit condition. The first
test will be performed after thirty days from the effective date of this permit during the months of
_JUL OCT JAN APR .. Effluent sampling for this testing shall be performed at the NPDFS
permitted final effluent discharge below all treatment processes.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the Effluent Discharge
Monitoring Form(MR-1)for the month in which it was performed,using the parameter code TGP3B.
Additionally,DEM Form AT-1 (original)is to be sent to the following address:
Attention: Environmental Sciences Branch
North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27607
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements performed in
association with the toxicity tests,as well as all dose/response data. Total residual chlorine of the effluent toxicity
sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for disinfection of the waste stream.
Should any single quarterly monitoring indicate a failure to meet specified limits,then monthly monitoring will
begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed. Upon passing,this monthly test requirement will
revert to quarterly in the months specified above.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream,this permit may be re-opened and
modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document,such as minimum control organism
survival and appropriate environmental controls,shall constitute an invalid test and will require immediate
retesting(within 30 days of initial monitoring event). Failure to submit suitable test results will constitute
noncompliance with monitoring requirements.
7Q10 90.7 cfs
Permitted Flow 0.682_ MGD , nded by:
IWC 1.2 9b A /)(Avq ,
Basin& Sub-basin FRB06It-fir
Receiving Stream North Toe River
County _ Mitchell r /23/96
QCL P/F Version 9/91

State of North Carolina
• Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
;4
Division of Water Quality
l‘rA
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary p E H N F
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
Asheville Regional Office
WATER QUALITY SECTION
August, 5 1996
MEMORANDUM
TO: Jackie Nowell
Technical Services
THROUGH: Forrest R. Westall ,,de
Regional Water Qua Of, : pervisor
FROM: Michael R. Parker
Environmental ChemiIst
SUBJECT: WLA for Unimin Corporation
Red Hill Plant
NPDES Permit No. NC0085839
Mitchell County
I have reviewed the Wasteload Allocation Fact Sheet for the
subject facility and offer the following comments :
The TSS limit of 142 lbs/day monthly avg. and 284 lbs/day daily
max. appears to be adequate .
6-10
Several years ago the mining companies in the Avery and Mitchell
County area requested that the effluent pH limit be changed from
6 . 0 to 9 . 0 s .u. 6 . 0 to 10 . 0 s .u. . Since all of the other N yiA
discharges have pH limits of 6 . 0 to 10 . 0 it is recommended that b
this permit have limits of the same. /dJL CI '
Unimin Corporation requested 154 lbs/day (daily average) of /�Z ,p
fluoride . Based on their testing and treatment scheme, this q(/'f j 4.
was the limit that they felt they could achieve. The WLA has
determined that there is 888 lbs/day of fluoride available in
the river. It is my opinion that Unimin Corporation has the
technology available (probably greater knowledge of fluoride
treatment than any other company in the Spruce Pine area) to
achieve this limit . However, I would not be opposed to giving
Interchange Building,59 Woodfin Place ���� FAX [phone]
Asheville,North Carolina 28801 � An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer
Voice 704-251-6208 Reduce Reuse Recycle 50%recycles/10%post-consumer paper

Jackie Nowell Memo
August 5, 1996
Page Two
the company a fluoride allocation greater than they asked for.
I would recommend that the fluoride limit be set between 180 and
200 lbs/day monthly average. There is no technical basis for
this recommendation except that this would give the company a
greater treatment capability and a larger margin for error
should there be problems with their wastewater treatment
facility.
I am opposed; however, to giving Unimin Corporation the total of
888 lbs/day, since they only requested 154 lbs/day, and there is
a strong possibility that one or more companies will enter the
feldspar and high purity quartz market and will need an
allocation of fluoride . Giving Unimin Corporation the 888
lbs/day would result in permit banking which is against the
policy of the Division. At some time in the future, if Unimin
Corporation decides to expand its operation at Red Hill, then
they can request an additional fluoride allocation. There is no
basis in our regulations to give this company the total fluoride
allocation at this stream location, there is, however, basis to
give them what they requested as long as it protects water
quality.
If you have questions or would like to discuss this matter
further, please call me at 704/251-6208 .
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Sept. 18, 1996
MEMORANDUM
TO: UNIMIN CORP. - RED HILL QUARTZ PLANT WLA FILE
Proposed Permit No. NC0085839
Mitchell County
FROM: Jackie Nowell
RE: Final Recommended limits
Per memo from Susan Wilson and telecon w/Mike Parker of ARO,the final
recommended limits for the subject facility are as followed:
TSS = 142 lbs/day (Mo. Avg.); 284 lbs/day (Da. Max.)
Fluoride = 200 Lbs/day (Mo. Avg.); 400 lbs/day (Da. Max.)
Turbidity - This discharge shall not increase the turbidity of the receiving
waters more than 10 NTU. If the turbidity exceeds 10 NTU due to natural
conditions, the discharge shall not cause any increase in turbidity.
Effluent monitoring for settleable solids and chloride.
Notes: The fluoride limit of 200 lbs/day limit is different than the
recommended 154 lbs/day on the WLA factsheet. However, the August 5th
memo to me from Mike Parker indicated that ARO was recommending Asf
180-200 lbs/day fluoride be given based on what the facility had requested
for fluoride and their available treatment technology. According to Mike,
there was a meeting between Forrest, Colleen and Dave to discuss the
fluoride limit to be given and the 200 lbs/day was evidently the limit that
was decided upon. Mike Parker confirms that ARO agrees with the 200
lb/day limit.
It was decided by P&E to drop sulfate monitoring since the North Toe
River was not a WS class. I again reviewed the application and saw that 20
mg/I of sulfate had been sampled,with an allowable concentration of
approx. 19990 mg/1, it can be deleted.

*
UNIMIN CORP. Red Hill Quartz Operation jmn
North Toe River C Tr 7/22/96
040306
Mining facility requesting proposed 0.682 MGD treatment plant for extraction and mineral
processing to produce high purity and ultra high purity quartz sand. Wastewater will
contain sulfate,chloride,fluoride,calcium,and sodium. Also will be discharging TSS
with a daily average of 25 mg/1 per pennittee's application. Notes with app. indicate that
BAT technology for the treatment of Hydrogen Fluoride(HF)containing waste stream is to
neutralize the ww using Lime and this causes the formation of calcium fluoride. In
practice,the practical removal rate of CaF2 in its precipitated state is 27 mg/l. This
compares with a solubility constant of 17 mg/1 for CaF2 . A value of 225 lb of F-was
provided by the industry as the appropriate fluoride loading. (Using the 27 mg/I
removal rate of CaF2 * 1 MGD * 8.34 = 225.18 #/d). If the solubility constant
of 17 mg/1 is used instead,the fluoride loading comparatively would have been 141 #/d.
For the facility with a proposed design capacity of 0.682 MGD, the
requested fluoride loading is:
27 mg/I removal rate of CaF2 * 0.682 MGD * 8.34 = 154 #/d
P&E notes that similar mining dischargers of fluoride loading had TSS limited
as a load (0.682 MGD * 8.34* 25 mg/I (wkly.avg) = 142 lbs/day
Previously had estimated drainage area and flows info for Dept. of Commerce. Because of
the large size of this River,>than 420 mi2,estimate could be off by several miles.
Previously had estimated DA at proposed outtfall as 340 mi2-Estimated 7Q10 flow of 90.7
cfs, QA=510 cfs.
Will recommend: Fl- = 154 lbs/day (Mo. Avg.)*
308 lbs/day (Da. Max.)
TSS = 142 lbs/day (Mo. Avg.)
284 lbs/day (Da. Max.)
Turbidity = 10 NTU because of trout classification on stream
pH = 6-9
Toxicity limit of 1.15%
*Other fluoride discharging plants on the North Toe R. (Unimin, Feldspar,
etc.) by Division staff BPJ have given daily max. values @ 2x the monthly
average for Fluoride and TSS, will recommend the same for this facility.
Have recommended the Fl- limit that Unimin-Red Hill has indicated will be
an "appropriate average daily fluoride loading" for this NPDES permit.
DWQ must take into account the possibility that other quartz or fluoride
discharging plants will come into this same area of the North Toe River.
ARO has indicated that this is a possibility in the future. Existing North
Toe fluoride dischargers further upstream have shared the fluoride loading
Would consider this an initial management strategy for the allocation of
allowable fluoride loading for this segment of the River.

'' TOXICANT ANALYSIS
Facility Name unimin-red hill
NPDES# nc0085839 I
Qw(MGD) 0.6821
• 7010s(ds) 90.71.
/WC(%) 1.151
Rec'viing Stream north toe river
Stream Class c tr
FINAL RESULTS
Fluoride
Max.Pred Cw 0 ug4
Allowable Cw 156241.4 ugt
Max.Value
Chloride
Max. Pred Cw OugA
Allowable Cw 19964]78.4iug1
Max.Value 'f Ot
Max. Pred Cw O ug/I
Allowable Cw *VALUE! ugA
Max.Value 0
Max. Prod Cw O141
Allowable Cw *VALUE! 'ugA
Max.Value 0
Max. Prod Cw 0 ugA
Allowable Cir *VALUEI ugA
Max.Value 0
Max. Prod Cw Ougl
Allowable Cw *VALUE! ;ugA
Max.Value 01
7/22/96 PAGE 1

r
UNIMIN - RED HILL PLANT
• NIC0085839
'JNIMIN Red Hill is a proposed facility for the processing of ore for quartz. Mining will
'-)e performed at the Schoolhouse or Spruce Pine plant. No mines will be operated here
;per Roy Riddle). Only processing will be done (this is because Fluoride limits are
.-estrictive on the upper part of the N. Toe River). This discharge will be appx. 23 miles
:Downstream of NC0000175.
3ased on ARO comments and BPJ, the fluoride load will be restricted to 200#/day [see
NLA comments]. The facility has proposed a treatment system to treat fluoride to 27 mg/l.
ti'SS is based on 25 mg/I, which the facility has predicted it can meet. No federal
;uidelines exist for this facility (and this type of ore processing for high quality quartz).
Other parameters to be monitored are similar to permits in the upper part of the N. Toe
diver.
ltormwater from the process area and adjacent parking lots etc. will be routed to one outfall
outfall 002, per application]. Stormwater monitoring has been incorporated into this
permit- but not mining sw language, because only processing will be performed here at
this time.
l3asedon PDES rating sheet - this is classified as a minor facility.
2 D, cm. (0tj W%T4 /Ytilt-i �. (4tQ ) Wig 44.0'1 Ak040-00'045
VI IA. aF e1.-quoa (Exa Pc Z 14 . S•5
` /11l61b
UNIMIN -NOTES TO WLA FILE
5/28/96
The facility proposes to establish a feldspar quartz mine (this will be similar to the existing
permits for NC0000361 and NC0000175, which were modified this year to account for
Quartz production).
The major constituent is the fluoride by- product. Currently, there are no Federal Effluent
Guidelines for this type of mining.
This permit should be similar to the existing permits for this type of mining activity and
should include (minimum):
TF, TSS, Toxicity, turbidity, pH, and temperature.
The TSS load limit in the previous permit was established by taking the predicted monthly
avg. TSS concentration * permitted flow. ,./J
a.
our wolf AstjLt-s . saysasiap ooc y ,vrAid,a—
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641, ,)
Corporate Environmental Affairs
Unimin Corporation
4000 Baker Road•Ottawa, IL 61350
(PHONE)815/434-4178•(FAX)815/434-3828
June 28, 1996
Susan Wilson
Environmental Engineer
NC Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 29535 --
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535 ,v
Ph: 919/733-5083, Fax: [phone]
:D
C:
RE: NPDES Permit Application #NC0085839
Dear Ms. Wilson:
Please find enclosed a report on wastewater disposal alternatives for Unimin's Red Hill plant site as
requested in your May 28, 1996 letter.
This report has been reviewed by Bill McCormick of Southerland Associates who will be providing a letter
under separate cover concurring with the conclusion of the report.
Please callme if you have any questions or comments.
Sincerely,
William D. Shalter
General Manager/
Environmental Affairs
WDS96:RHH2ODIS:klh
Enclosures
CC: R. Riddle (Unimin) Bill McCormick Southerland Associates
C. Stover(Unimin) 255 B. Hebron St.
CV Voelker(Unimin) Charlotte, NC 28273
1-800-786-0975

Wastewater Disposal Alternatives
Prepared by William D. Shalter
Gen. Mgr./Environmental Affairs
Purpose
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the feasibility of different disposal methods for
the 0.582 million gallons per day (MGD) of industrial wastewater that will be generated
by Unimin's new Red Hill Quartz plant.
I. General Information
A. Facility Location: Unimin Corporation - Red Hill Quartz
Mitchell County
P.O. Box 588 CFI
Bakersville Rd.
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
.v .
Report prepared by: William D. Shalter, Gen. Mgr./Env. Affairs -_`
Unimin Corporation
4000 Baker Rd.
Ottawa, Illinois 61350 tv
[phone], ext. 222 —`
Reviewed by: Bill McCormick Southerland Associates
255 B. Hebron St.
Charlotte, NC 28273
1-800-786-0975
B. Description of the proposed discharge:
The wastewater treatment system at the Red Hill Quartz plant will consist of
neutralization, precipitation, flocculation, and sedimentation. The pH of the wastewater
is controlled by neutralization of acid with hydrated lime. During this process, the calcium
from the lime combines with the F- ions to form calcium fluoride which can then be
precipitated out of the wastewater. The precipitate and any other solids in the wastewater
are then removed by flocculation and sedimentation in the thickener. The underflow from
the thickener is further dewatered by vacuum filtration before the solids are disposed of
off-site. The process of lime neutralization of the acidity and fluoride content of
wastewater will occur in three mix tanks (MT-31/32/33).
The neutralized effluent will flow by gravity launder into the feed well of a thickener
(TH-01). TH-01 will be 34' 0, based on test work by EIMCO. A provision for adding
flocculant at three points along this launder is required (at the start, middle, and finish).
Anionic flocculants are recommended for this application.
WDS96:RHDSPSAL:klh
Page 1

Overflow from TH-01 will flow into a sump and thence to Outfall 001. This flow will be
able to be diverted to the emergency pond. Underflow from TH-OI will be pumped by a
diaphragm pump (PU-41/42) to a 6' 0 X 10' drum filter (DF-OI), with provision to dump
this flow to the emergency pond. The overflow from the drum filter will flow via a gravity
launder back to the feed well of TH-OI. The filtrate will be pumped back to the feed well
of TH-OI. The filtrate solids will be hauled to the permitted mining waste disposal site at
either the Quartz or Schoolhouse Quartz plant. Disposal permit applications for the on-
site disposal of wastewater treatment solids at the Red Hill site may submitted some time
in the future.
C. The industrial process which will be served by the wastewater treatment works is a high
purity quartz purification plant. The purification of high purity quartz uses hydrofluoric
and hydrochloric acids. Air pollutants from the process include HC1 and HF and
particulates which are scrubbed from the air by wet scrubbers. The untreated wastewater
therefore consists of fluoride, chloride, and total suspended solids.
D. The permitted flow as requested in the NPDES application is currently for a multi-stage
build-out over the next five years. The treatment works are being designed with a final
discharge build-out flow of 0.682 MGD in mind. Unimin expects to reach the 0.682
MGD level sometime in the year 2001.
H. Evaluation of Environmental Feasibility of Discharge Alternatives
1. Connection to sewage system
This alternative was eliminated due to the plant site's remote location. The plant site is
located in a rural mountainous county in the state with very little infrastructure. The
nearest towns with existing sewer systems are Bakersville (pop. 800) 8 miles away and
Spruce Pine(pop. *) 18.5 miles away.
2. Subsurface disposal system
The metamorphic and igneous bedrock geology of the region is not conducive to
subsurface disposal systems. The site is characterized by thin mineral soils overlying rock `„oa a o`�eNct
types with low specific yields. Igneous and metamorphic rocks generally have very poor �,a"te,,
primary porosity. The porosity of these rock types is generally due to secondary fractures f.,Pti
-
and fissures in the rock. As a consequence of thinner soils and bedrock conditions, the
subsurface materials will not be expected to absorb large influxes of wastewater without
becoming fully saturated. Subsurface disposal systems for the type of flows proposed by
this application should only be considered as a possible alternative within the coastal plain
deposits of southeastern North Carolina.
WDS96:RHDSPSAL:klh
Page 2

f
3. Spray irrigation systems
Spray irrigation systems operate under the principle of applying the water to an area of
land which will allow vegetation to utilize the water. This alternative is generally feasible
when the wastewater contains nitrogen and other nutrients as wastewater contaminants.
This system requires sites with soils of high permeability and high hydraulic loadings. The
site slope characteristics should be conducive to a low potential for surface runoff
The industrial wastewater from the Red Hill plant will not have a high nutrient value. The
primary wastewater after treatment will contain dissolved solids of CaF2, CaC1 and
suspended solids. The application of this water by spraying it on a suitable site would
result in a buildup of CaCI in the soil, reducing the effectiveness of the vegetation. The
real problem, however, with the Red Hill plant site lies in the slope characteristics of the
site. The slopes of an ideal spray irrigation site would be, on average, less than 5%. The ` u S
Red Hill site has slopes averaging over 11%. Disposal using spray irrigation will not work t;s„p a
well with the topographic relief of the site for the disposal of the quantity of wastewater oil,'
that will be generated by the plant because the slopes increase the potential for surface .1 Fr-' A i/4f
runoff. vqi 0 `��, 5 t�a`�
6o F oP
A1�
4. Discharge to a flowing stream w"Y I 0 Lt/
Discharge to a flowing stream was the option selected for disposal of the Red Hill Quartz
treated wastewater. The outfall location will be on the Toe River with a 7Q10 CFS rate
of flow.
Conclusion
Due to the unique quartz purification process, the wastewater disposal alternative selected for
the Red Hill Quartz plant is to discharge the water back to the Toe River. This alternative is
deemed the most appropriate after taking into account the site characteristics, discharge
parameters, and site location.
WDS96:RHDSPSAL:klh
Page 3

``- • Southerland
• Associates, Inc.
Engineers- Constructors
255 EAST HEBRON STREET • CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28273-5921 • [phone] • FAX [phone]
Nct
5 r € p, ossa.. Aic
June 28, 1996
704 5z7_ 40©0'
Ms. Susan A. Wilson
Environmental Engineer, NPDES Group ��ro/“ (,j /4h, 4
North Carolina Department of Environment
Health and Natural Resources _ _ _ _ _ _ - —
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27826-0535
Dear Ms. Wilson,
I have examined the NPDES Permit applica
April 19, 1996 by Unimin Corporation for their proposea rcea Hili c.cuaiic riot„
and the report on Wastewater Disposal Alternatives by William D. Shalter. Mr.
Shalter is sending a copy of the report directly to you. I have also visited the site
of the proposed plant, and have examined drilling logs from sub-surface
investigation, conducted by LAW Engineering.
I concur with the conclusion of Mr. Shalter's report that discharge of treated rte-
wastewater to the North Toe River is the only practical method of disposal. „,o
PO
r,(:”
-v :r r 7...
Your attention to this application is appreciated. If further information is required,
do not hesitate to call directly or through Mr. Shalter. w "� c
4.77 c
N
Sincerely,
SOUTHERLAND ASSOCIATES, INC.
George W. McCormick, P.E.
Sr. Civil Engineer
cc: - Mr. William D. Shalter
Gen. Mgr./ Environmental Affairs �. � CARp",,,,,,
Unimin Corporation o ,.551
4000 Baker R. - cry
Ottawa, Illinois 61350 SEAL y, '
/
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-file -1407 o�c crane c&;`
F W. Mcc,, ,

pO Imo! 2. , �'F�tfBtl�fJOTICS..`�, '
�
$ G MITCHELL , -A• STATE OF NORTH ..
Filed with jC L y' NEWS'.JOURNAL I • CARe there -,,s:;
�Q (q 5 ENVIRONMENTAL 7•:!1t.
'ANAGEMENT COMMISSION .
c4i, 1.� a 7lDn ID - 0a5.5_
�S I ' 1�ox'29535' ;'
J
On , 19— Cost o(Advcrtisnrent $ q 9 . 019 R{��`1��GH I�16Att�1 CAROLIN
Tq • '27626-0535 • ;
• Cost of Affidavit _ 0 z iloti GATiON OP INTENT'
Certification $ f,TO ISSUEA STATE NPDES' ,
�9 . 00 .`'PERMIT t
of publication of legal notice in Total $ .R.,;;y yi`�iaPP e.-_,,,, y r
MITCHELL NEWS-JOURNAL On the basis:'-of thorough Staff ti
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA review,and application of Article#
Spruce Pine,Mitchell County,NC weeks COUNTY OF MITCHELL T
�1 of_Ctiapter•i 43, General
n D p I.Jeff Buchanan,Sales Manager of the Mitchell News-Journal,a Statt itaIV: yfN611h Carolina i
,I — - L'- -
G u $ q ' newspaper published in Mitchell County,North Carolina,in Public to 1, J -JOo and`other}
Q' ✓ rrr///111 compliance with statutes G.S. 1-597 of North Carolina,as amended in I$yyfUl �c standards and
$ 1947 session of General Assembly,being duly sworn,certify that the ; • -r
regulatlons,1die,Oorth Carolina;:
attached advertisement of Eh ii'r`6 'mental.Mariagen1eiif
$ Grlilfiissibn prepbses to:issue f
=►r. C ��— apermit=to discharge to the
$ persons;listed below effectwe:
11/12/96 and,Subject to special
$ was duly published in the aforesaid paper once a week for conditions. . i. : .-
Persons• wishing to comment 1
$ ` consecutive weeks,beginning with the issue date upon;dr object to.the proposed,`
G -06 , 19/;I- detef'rhination5 are invited to
1w subiriit same•Ili writing to the
above.addresg'no ,later than ii
(signed) ) 10/25/96. •Ali comments
�tJ�w� ( wnper,Y er,Publisher oro r receileed `pri0r;to,'-that,date.twjl!
�A-- Em to ec Authorized to make the affidavit)
6e considered in the formulation
<����/�/ of final.determinations regarding
Sworn to and subscribed before me this /�"� day of the proposed permit. A,public
CO l 19 96 riieetirig they be'held where the
C.7 Director. of;,the' !Division,?'of
Environmental •Management;
find .a�sigruficaht, degree,iof,
public, interest 1h zeti proposed,,,
p
Ag ' Air.-4.1,,,..a-di i err tit x3rrl,yta „ti 7.�11t,:f`1 it i r
Paid � ? t� ' '.t r *'t
Notary Public or Mitchell County A`' 5pyof tl� d�aftsrpefmlt=i0719__ North Carolina ef „
available by tW it ng or oalliflg
My Commission expires
��� the Division of Environmental';.
Mtariagemerit, P O:,Box, 29535(
F aleirgh;North Carolina 27626
No, 10535 (0'10)78 -7015;q11.. I
Ana_application antt''.oth�lr

NO.
No. 0535,•[phone]. ' • _
_1 0 W a 1i6ation` .t thOr ;
�, anfor`tnation may inspected at •
these'loCafions during '
narmai,
t office hours. Copies''of the
information f`dn`" fire are available
' upon request and payment'of
i the costsof; reproduction. All
such 'comments' or requests 'i•
,' ming 1:'•'pyPMip• + •. • '
p�'•Ltti6u1'd make rai eice to
-t p
' a: NPDSYA'I ` Kuthier h
ii _
•
below••• + •r
L Date:Sept. 18, 1956
.;� t David A: Goodrich for
� • I.A: PreStoh`'NoWard Jr., P.E.,
- • ;; Director , i•
• 4 Division' i`dt .f`nvitorittiental` .}
Management'. ., ,a,
or}; " ,
~; PUblic notice of intent to issue a
State NP-DES p4rmit to the. •
following: • •
•
•
. 1. NPDLSS No. NC0085839. '
UNIMIN Corporation, P.O. Box
888, Spruce Pine,:, North
' • Carolina 28777 has applied for
a new permit for a• facility
j ' � •' located at Red Hill-'Quartz
s Operation, off Highway '197, '
, • • : Red Hill, Mitchell County.'The
z - b..facility,:proposes toi,discharge
t ,,. J. 0.6$2 MGD of treated it dustrial •
"' • waste*ater 'and storm•water.
/
;�• froni#wb' fits'llito:`NO'tti Toe;`
,:;:(i.,.. Ri.nieti-44 OAC- f ht
r t " r '• rofr
- -w' • •• `: • o parameferrs1 are"water
"4. • • • • quality limited,: but • this.
• discharge may affect future i
,; • , ,_:'. water •quality.,based effluent;
limitations 'for additional
dischargers withih this portion of''
j` the watershed
' #3728-25-96i.
8/ ,
} .. :w.. .

1 cnargers within this portion of thewatershed. 1
•
9.NPOES No.r 30422.ansemra ley Mobde Home Park. 131 Freeman Drive'WiYne.v lle.NC 2878e ‘,--)1A,1
has app=ed 4>a perrnit rertelwal 4or a tic ty locafed at WVVTP:iSt FYwnw►D►hra.e«+s+w4 .
of Waynesvgs.Maywood r�ey nu,tacs.ty d O�,D 01 treated domestic..asi.wstar from
one Durkin into Hyan Geek,a Creel C stream in the French Broad Hiner Basin wted'i has a 7010 Sow of
0.8 c .No parameters are water quality limited,but this discharge may afted future affeb.mtkx'O. •
10. NPDES No. NC0066842. Mr. Edgar W. McElroy, 2220 Dellwood Road, Waynesville, North Carotins
28786, has applied for a permit renewal for a facility located at McElroy Restaurant,2220 Dellwood Road
West,Waynesville, Haywood County.The facility discharges 0.0030 MGD of treated domestic wastewater
from one outfall into Factory Branch,a Class B stream in the French Broad River Basin which has a 7010
flow of 0.5 cls.
11. NPDES No. NC0032361.Autumn Care of Waynesville,Timberlane Road,Waynesville,NC 28786,has
applied for a permit renewal for a facility located at the Autumn Care of Waynesville, Timberlane Road,
Waynesville,Haywood County.The facility discharges 0.010 MGD of treated domestic wastewater from one
outfall into Richland Creek,a Class 6 stream in the French Broad River Basin which has a 7010 flow of 0.1
cf.s Ammonia is water quality limited.This may affect future water quality based effluent limitations for addi-
tional dischargers within this portion of the watershed.
12. NPDES No. NC0065986. Ms. Barbara Briggs, Post Office Box 351, Maggie Valley, NC 28751, has ap-
plied for a permit renewal for a facility located at Dogwood Trails on NCSR 1306, Maggie Valley,Haywood
County.The facility is not in operation now,but will be permitted to discharge 0.02 MGD of treated domestic
wastewater from one outfall into Evans Branch, a Class C-Trout steam in the French Board River Basin
which has a 7010 flow of 0.4 cfs.Ammonia is water quality limited.For some parameters,the available load
capacity of the immediate receiving water will be consumed.This may affect future water quality based ef-
fluent limitations for additional dischargers within this portion of the watershed.
13. NPDES No.NC0067369. Haywood County Board of Education, 1615 North Main Street,Waynesville.
NC 28786 has applied for a permit renewal for a facility located at Crabtree-Iron Duff High School,at the in-
tersection of NC Highway 209 & NCSR 1503, Crabtree. Haywood County. The facility discharges 0.005
MOD of treated domestic wastewater from one outfall Into Crabtree Creek,a Class C stream in the French
Broad River Basin which has a 7010 flow of 3.0 cfs.No parameters are water quality limited, but this dis-
charge may affect future allocations.
14. NPDES No.NC0067351.Haywood County Board of Education, 1615 North Main Street,Waynesville,
NC 28786 has applied for a permit renewal for a facility located at Bethel High School on US Highway 276,
west of NC Highway 110,Bethel,Haywood County.The facility discharges 0.015 MGD of treated domestic
I wastewater from one outfall into Bird Creek,a Class WS III-Trout stream in the French Broad River Basin
which has a 7010 flow of 2.5 cis.No parameters are water quality limited,but this discharge may affect fu-
ture alocations.
15.NPDES No.NC0048143.Hemlock Village,Ltd.,438 U.S.Highway 14,Sheridan,WY 82801 has applied
for a permit renewal for a facility located at Hemlock Village,Ltd.,325 Soco Road,Maggie Valley,Haywood
County. The facility discharges 0.0075 MGD of treated domestic wastewater from one outfall into an un-
named tributary of Jonathan Creek,a Class C-Trout stream in the French Broad River Basin.Ammonia and
dissolved oxygen are water quality limited.For some parameters,the available load capacity of the immedi-
ate receiving water will be consumed.This may affect future water quality based effluent limitations for addi-
tional dischargers within this portion of the watershed.
•
16.NPDES No. NC0072729.USDI-Blue Ridge Parkway,One Park Square,200 BB&T Building,Asheville,
NC 28801 has applied for a permit renewal for a facility located at Mt.Pisgah Lodge and Rec.Area,Mt.Pis-
gah Developed Area, Blue Ridge Parkway,Haywood County.The facility discharges 0.032 MGD of treated
domestic wastewater from one outfall into unnamed tributary to Pisgah Creek,a Class WS III-Trout stream
in the French Broad River Basin which has a 7010 flow of 0.15 cfs and a 3002 flow of 0.3 cfs. Dissolved
oxygen is water quality limited.For some parameters,the available load capacity of the immediate receiving
water will be consumed. This may affect future water quality based effluent limitations for additional dis-
chargers within this portion of the watershed.
17. NPDES No. NC0082953.James E.Zink,2816 Dellwood Road,Waynesville,NC 28786 has applied for
a permit renewal for a facility located at Terry Lynn Motel,2816 Dellwood Road,north of Waynesville,Hay-
wood County.The facility discharges 0.0016 MGD of treated domestic wastewater from one outfall into Fac-
tory Branch,a Class B stream in the French Broad River Basin which has a 7010 flow of 0.12 cfs. No pa-
rameters are water quality limited,but this discharge may affect future allocations.
18. NPDES No. NC0074063. Country Club Real Estate WNC, Inc., 630 Eagle's Nest Road,Waynesville,
NC 28786 has applied for a permit renewal for a facility to be located at The Orchard Subdivision,southwest
of Waynesville, off NCSR 1153, Haywood County.The facility proposes to discharge 0.01 MGD of treated
domestic wastewater from one outfall into an unnamed tributary to Richland Creek,a Class B stream in the
French Broad River Basin which has a 7010 flow of 0.11 cfs.Ammonia is water quality limited. For some
Iparameters,the available load capacity of the immediate receiving water will be consumed.This may affect
future water quality based effluent limitations for additonal dischargers within this portion of the watershed.
19. NPDES No. NC0083721. Florian and Dorothea Fueltz, 2506 Dellwood Road West, Waynesville, NC
I, 28786 has applied for a permit renewal for a facility located at Parkway Inn, 2506 Dellwood Road West,
west of Ivy Hills,Haywood County.The facility presently discharges 0.036 MGD of treated domestic waste-
water from one outfall into Factory Branch,a Class B stream in the French Broad River Basin which has a
7010 flow of 0.34 cfs. No parameters are water quality limited, but this discharge may affect future alloca-
tions.
20. NPDES No. NC0033600.Pigeon Valley Rest Home, Route 5 Box 102, Canton,NC 28716 has applied
for a permit renewal for a facility located at NC Highway 110,south of Canton,Haywood County.The facility
kdischarges 0.025 MGD of treated domestic wastewater from one outfall into the Pigeon River,a Class WS-
III-Trout stream in the French Broad River Basin with a 7010 flow of 44.0 cfs. No parameters are water
quality limited,but this discharge may affect future allocations.
21.NPDES No.NC0000329.Dayco Products,Inc.,US Highway 23/NCSR 1164 has applied for a permit re-
newal for a facility located at Waynesville Plant,US Highway 23/NCSR 1164,Haywood County.The facility -
i discharges 1.1 MGD of treated industrial wastewater from one outfall into Richland Creek,a Class B stream
in the French Broad River Basin which has a 7010 flow of 5.6 cfs and a 30102 flow of 9.3 cfs. No parame-
ters are water quality limited,but this discharge may affect future allocations.
22. NPDES No. NC0085839. UNIMIN Corporation, P.O. Box 588, Spruce Pine, North Carolina 28777 has
applied for a new permit for a facility located at Red Hill Quartz Operation,off Highway 197,Red Hill,Mitch-
f ell County.The facility proposes to discharge 0.682 MGD of treated industrial wastewater and storm water
I from two outfalls into North Toe River,a Class C-Trout stream in the French Broad River Basin which has a
) 7010 flow of 90.7 cfs. No parameters are water quality limited, but this discharge may affect future water
quality based effluent limitations for additional dischargers within this portion of the watershed.
I
`. September 25,1996
(6094)
84097-N
rpI 1 i /. .
A

. . .
COMBINED INVOICE I STATEMENT
r
Mitchell
•
NEWS-JOURNAL
P.O. Box 339
NCDEHNR 123 Locust Street
ACCOUNT NUMBER
Environmental Management Spruce Pine, NC 28777 ENVMAN
P 0 Box 29535 [phone] STATEMENT DATE
Raleigh NC 27626-0535 SEPTEMBER 27, 1996
PAYMENT
I ENCLOSED $
PLEASE DETACH AND RETURN THE UPPER
TERMS: ACCOUNTS PAYABLE UPON RECEIPT PORTION OF THIS STATEMENT WITH YOUR PAYMENT
TRANSACTION TRANSACTION DESCRIPTION INCHES RATE INSER- OTHER TRANSACTION
DATE NUMBER ; TIONS CHARGES TOTAL
BALANCE FORWARD $0. 00
09/26/96 D Legal Ad #3728 16. 00 5. 75 0. 00 $92. 00
IPrepared By Date. fp -/S-f...6 , Plitt M t /p+/.
Approved By: , Date•
Rt ceived By: Date:
Date Entered: BY __-.__I
Vendor ID#: Group
Contro# Date: Comper
Amount Account (Ti- _._
94.ad -5---3---CO /6,.16,o/ .
- - �„c�
. n euoGEt
STATUS OF YOUR ACCOUNT
90 DAYS PAST DUE 60 DAYS PAST DUE 30 DAYS PAST DUE CURRENT TOTAL
0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 92. 00 92. 00
_`_ DISPLAY INCH TOTALS • PLEASE PAY •
DISPLAY INCHES THIS MO. DISPLAY INCHES OTR-TO-DATE DISPLAY INCHES YR-TO-DATE ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVE
16. 00 16.00 99
PAYMENTS RECEIVED AFTER 09/27/1996 ARE NOT REFLECTED ON THIS STATEMENT.
MITCHELL NEWS-JOURNAL