NCS000246_2015 Impaired Stream SOP_20220920

City of Fayetteville
Impaired Streams
Fixed Interval Monitoring
Sample Collection
Guidance Manual
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STO R M WATE R
March 6, 2015
Impaired Streams
Fixed Interval Monitoring (FIM)

Sample Collection Guidance Manual
Prepared by
City of Fayetteville
433 Hay St.
Fayetteville NC, 28301
[phone]
March 6, 2015

Table of Contents
Section1: Background............................................................................................................1
Section2: Selected Sites...........................................................................................................2
2.1 Bones Creek to Rockfish.....................................................................................................2
2.2 Rose Lake to Country Club Dr............................................................................................2
2.3 Country Club Lake to Cross Creek......................................................................................2
2.4 Intake at Murchison Rd. to Hillsboro St..............................................................................2
2.5 Hillsboro St. to Blounts Creek / Blounts Creek to Cape Fear River....................................2
2.6 Source of Locks Creek to Cape Fear River.........................................................................2
Section 3: Sample Parameters................................................................................................9
3.1 Measuring In -Situ Parameters............................................................................................10
3.2 Sample Bottles...................................................................................................................11
3.3 Need for Ice........................................................................................................................12
3.4 Holding Times...................................................................................................................12
3.5 Fecal coliform Sample.......................................................................................................13
3.6 Filling the Bottles...............................................................................................................13
3.7 Chain -of -Custody Form.....................................................................................................14
3.8 Contact Numbers...............................................................................................................15
Section 4: Safety Procedures.................................................................................................16
Section5: After Action..........................................................................................................17
5.1 Clean and Secure Equipment.............................................................................................17
5.2 Enter Data..........................................................................................................................17
Chain of Custody and Analysis Request.................................................................... COC Form
Field Data Collection.......................................................................................................... Form 2
Supplies & Equipment List..................................................................................Equipment List
AppendixA..................................................................................................................Appendix A
List of Photographs
Photograph 3-1 Sample Bottles from MicroBac Lab..............................................................I I
List of Maps
The City of Fayetteville page - i -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Map 2-1
Bones Creek to Rockfish..................................................................................3
Map 2-2
Rose Lake to Country Club Dr.........................................................................4
Map 2-3
Country Club Lake to Cross Creek..................................................................5
Map 2-4
Intake at Murchison Rd. to Hillsboro St...........................................................6
Map 2-5
Hillsboro St. to Blounts Creek / Blounts Creek to Cape Fear River
................7
Map 2-6
Source of Locks Creek to Cape Fear................................................................8
Map 3-1
Location of Microbac Laboratories, Inc.........................................................16
Table 3-1 Water Quality Parameters................................................................................9
The City of Fayetteville page - ii -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Section 1: Background
As a condition of NPDES Stormwater Discharge Permit No. NCS000246, the City of
Fayetteville is to undertake water quality monitoring activities to assess the effectiveness of
implemented Best Management Practices (BMPs) and the improvement in local water quality.
During the initial five years of the Permit, the Fayetteville Stormwater Division conducted wet
weather sampling of stormwater discharges at several locations throughout the City of
Fayetteville. The wet weather sampling program ended in late 1999.
The Fayetteville Stormwater Division conducts discharge monitoring activities in support of
their Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) program. During the initial Permit
application process, the Fayetteville Stormwater Division (through a consultant) conducted field
screening of approximately 150 outfalls to detect "hot spots" that may indicate illicit discharges.
Today, most outfall (end -of -pipe) monitoring is compliant -driven.
In March 2013, the City of Fayetteville was issued its second NPDES Stormwater Discharge
Permit. One of the conditions of the new Permit was the development and implementation of a
Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring program. A Water Quality Assessment and
Monitoring Plan was developed and submitted to the North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (NCDENR) in June 2013. The plan was reviewed and approved by
NCDENR.
With the continuing development that is taking place in the City of Fayetteville, water quality
continues to be an ever increasing concern. Under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, states,
territories, and authorized tribes are required to develop lists of impaired waters. These are
waters that are too polluted or otherwise degraded to meet the water quality standards set by
states, territories, or authorized tribes. The law requires that these jurisdictions establish priority
rankings for waters on the lists and develop TMDLs for these waters. A Total Maximum Daily
Load, or TMDL, is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a water body can
receive and still safely meet water quality standards.
In regards to section 303 (d), the Fayetteville Stormwater Division has identified and located 6
streams that have impaired waters. Although there are no listed TMDLs, these streams are still
under observation. In July 2014, the City of Fayetteville actually began the implementation of a
third water quality program, Fixed Interval Monitoring (FIM) of Impaired Waters. This program
focuses on monitoring the waters listed in section 303 (d) to insure the water quality is improving
to avoid any future TMDLs. The Stormwater Division has identified 20 sample sites that
accurately represent the section of the stream that is considered to be impaired. These sites will
be monitored on a monthly cycle according to their accessibility.
This manual serves as a guidance and protocol reference for the correct field procedures that will
ensure that valid samples are collected and/or delivered to a laboratory for analysis.
The City of Fayetteville page - 1 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Section 2: Selected Sites
The Fayetteville Stormwater Division has selected six stream segments as detailed below and
located on Bones Creek, Cross Creek, Country Club Branch, Cross Creek, Cross Creek / Blounts
Creek, and Locke's Creek. The sites are described below:
2.1 Bones Creek (head waters of Rim Lake to Little Rockfish Creek
From the source starting at the head waters of Rim Lake to Little Rockfish Creek, there are four
designated monitoring stations (see Map 2-1). These stations are located within stream segment
AU #18-31-24-2.
2.2 Cross Creek (head waters of Rose Lake to Country Club Drive)
From source at the head waters of Rose Lake to Country Club Drive approximately 0.5 miles
upstream of water supply intake at Murchison Rd., there are three monitoring stations (see Map
2-2). These stations are located between the stream segments AU #18-27-(1)a and AU #18-27-
(1)c.
2.3 Country Club Branch (Country Club Lake Dam to Cross Creek)
From source at the Country Club Lake Dam to Cross Creek, there are three monitoring stations
(see Map 2-3). These stations are located within stream segment AU #18-27-2-(2).
2.4 Cross Creek (intake at Murchison Rd. to Hillsboro St.
From the source starting at the intake of Murchison Rd. to Hillsboro St., there are three
monitoring stations (see Map 2-4). These stations are located within stream segment AU #18-
27-(3)a.
2.5 Cross Creek (Hillsboro St. to Blounts Creek) / Blounts Creek (Grove Street to Cape Fear
River
From the source starting at Hillsboro St. to Blounts Creek, then from Grove Street to the Cape
Fear River, there are three monitoring stations (see Map 2-5). These stations are located between
stream segment AU #18-27-(3)b and AU #18-27-(3)c.
2.6 Locke's Creek (head waters of Locke's Creek to Cape Fear River
From the source starting at the head waters of Locke's Creek to the Cape Fear River, there are
four monitoring stations (see Map 2-6). These stations are located within stream segment AU
#18-2.
The City of Fayetteville page - 2 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Bones
Creek to
Rockfish
Creek
Map 2-1 — Sampling Locations in Bones Creek
The City of Fayetteville page - 3 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

1
Rase Lake
to
Country Club Dr.
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c
Map 2-2 — Sampling Locations in Cross Creek
The City of Fayetteville page - 4 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

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The City of Fayetteville page - S -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Intake at Murchison .Rd. to Hillsboro St.
Map 2-4 — Sampling Locations in Cross Creek
The City of Fayetteville page - 6 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Hillsboro St. to Blounts Creekl Bloants
Creek to Cape Fear River
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The City of Fayetteville page - 7 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Source of Locks Creek to Cape Fear
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The City of Fayetteville page - 8 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Section 3: Sample Parameters
Each Water Quality sample will be analyzed for the following parameters:
Table 3-1 — Primary Water Quality Parameters
PARAMETER
ANALYSIS
Hours since last rainfall (see Note 1)
In -situ
Dissolved Oxygen (see Note 3)
In -situ
PH
In -situ
Conductivity
In -situ
Turbidity
In -situ
Temperature
In -situ
Oil Sheen
In -situ
Foam
In -situ
Litter & Trash
In -situ
Dead Fish
In -situ
Live Fish
In -situ
Dead Amphibians
In -situ
Live Amphibians
In -situ
Crayfish
In -situ
Water Bugs (insects)
In -situ
Mussels
In -situ
Algal Growth
In -situ
Color of water
In -situ
Odor of water
In -situ
Suspected Illicit Discharge
In -situ
The City of Fayetteville page - 9 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Table 3-2 Secondary Water Quality Parameters
Fecal coliform (see Note 4)
Laboratory
Total Nitrogen
Laboratory
TKN
Laboratory
Nitrate + Nitrite
Laboratory
Ammonia
Laboratory
Total Phosphorous
Laboratory
TSS
Laboratory
Chromium, Total
Laboratory
Copper, Total
Laboratory
Lead, Total
Laboratory
Total Zinc
Laboratory
Note 1: Fixed Interval Monitoring (FIM) will be conducted at each of the monitoring
stations. This means that in -situ field data will be collected monthly at specific
stream monitoring sites on a fixed interval, regardless of weather conditions. A
more specific day is every Wednesday of the month of each calendar year should be
targeted for monitoring at each monitoring location, until all locations have been
sampled for the month. Exceptions can be made on the date and time of the
sampling, if the monitoring station poses a threat to the safety of the sampler.
Note 2: In -situ parameters will be collected on every visit out to the monitoring station.
Laboratory parameters will be collected only if the in -situ samples show abnormal
readings.
Note 3: In -situ parameters will be measured in the field using a Horiba U-50 Series multi -
meter. The user manual for this instrument is in Appendix A.
Note 4: Laboratory parameters will be collected in the field and analyzed by Microbac
Laboratories, as needed. This is only if there is suspicion of an illicit discharge or if
the Stormwater Division has probable cause.
3.1 Measuring In -Situ Parameters
Refer to the sonde User's Manual for specific calibration and measurement procedures. The
sonde should be calibrated within 24 hours prior to use.
Before immersing the sonde, read and record the air temperature onto Form 2.
The sonde readings and sample collection will be performed with the in -water Stormwater
Inspector facing upstream. This position will lessen the chance that samples are disturbed or
affected by the Stormwater Inspector stirring up bottom sediment.
The City of Fayetteville page - 10 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

One Stormwater Inspector will immerse the sonde probe into the creek water at a depth that
approximates one half of the total water depth. Do not jam the probe into the creek bottom as
that may damage the sensors. Hold the probe in the water for about 60 to 90 seconds to allow
the readings to stabilize. The Stormwater Inspector in the creek will call out the readings and the
other Stormwater Inspector will record the measurements onto Form 2; use a separate Form 2 for
each monitoring station.
After recording all the readings, rinse the probe with tap or distilled water and return it to its
case.
For proper storage of the sonde, refer to the User's Manual.
3.2 Sample Bottles
If the collection of secondary water quality parameters is warranted based on the in -situ
parameters, the Stormwater Inspectors will need to obtain the necessary sets of sample bottles
from the laboratory. Each set should be in a separate cooler.
Microbac will typically provide six plastic bottles of varying sizes (see Photograph 3-1). The
sample bottle set may vary depending on the types of bottles the laboratory has on -hand when
the order is placed.
Several bottles will have a small amount of chemical preservative in them.
• The Fecal coliform bottle is preserved with Na2S2O3 (Sodium thiosulfate -a powder)
• The Metals bottle is preserved with HNO3 (Nitric Acid — a liquid)
• The TKN/Ammonia/Nitrogen/Phosphorous bottle(s) is preserved with H2SO4 (Sulfuric
Acid — a liquid). Sometimes, these parameters may be split among two bottles.
• The remaining bottles do not have a preservative in them.
It is important that the bottles are not
overfilled so that the preservative is
not washed out. The acids will burn
skin, so the sampler must wear nitrile
gloves.
Microbac will typically mark the
bottles with the preservative and the
parameters to be analyzed. If not, ask
laboratory personnel to assist with
labeling the bottles.
The Stormwater Inspectors may create
their own bottle labels.
Photograph 3-1— Sample Bottles from Microbac Labs
The City of Fayetteville page - 11 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

After receiving the bottles, the Stormwater Inspectors will need to mark each bottle with the
Station Identification and either a Project Identification or Client Name. Once the sampling team
is in the field and immediately prior to collecting the samples, the Date and Time can be written
onto the bottles. A stick -on label may be used instead of writing directly onto the bottles. In any
case, use a SharpieTM waterproof pen to mark the bottles.
All marks (e.g., identification, parameters, client) must be made before the samples are collected.
It is impossible to write on a damp, wet, or cold bottle.
The following scheme will be used to mark the Station or Sample Identification:
• Bones Creek to Rockfish: Al-###, A2-###, A3-###, A4-###
• Rose Lake to Country Club Dr.: B1-###, B2-###, B3-###
• Country Club Lake to Cross Creek: C1-###, C2-###, C3-###
• Intake at Murchison Rd. to Hillsboro St.: D1-###, D2-###, D3-###
• Hillsboro St. to Blounts Creek / Blounts Creek to Cape Fear River: E1-###, E2-###, E3-
• Source of Locks Creek to Cape Fear: Fl-###, F2-###, F3-###, F4-###
3.3 Need for Ice
USEPA and NCDENR protocols require that samples be chilled to between 2°C to 4°C from the
time they are collected until the samples are delivered to the laboratory.
The sampling team will obtain one bag of ice for each sample set before the samples are
collected. The bagged ice should be placed in a separate cooler. Once the sample is collected,
all of the bottles are filled, and bottle markings are completed, the Stormwater Inspector will
place the bottles into the laboratory cooler and pour ice over the bottles. Ice must completely
cover the bottles.
Upon delivery to the laboratory, the temperature of the bottles will be measured by the laboratory
employee. If the temperature is more than 6°C, the samples may be rejected.
One potential problem is that samples covered with ice for less than one hour may not be chilled
low enough by the time they are delivered to the lab. Tell the laboratory personnel the time of
sample collection so that the samples can be processed properly by the laboratory.
3.4 HoldingTimes
imes
The holding time is the time limit from the time the samples are collected until the laboratory
begins their analysis. The parameters that are being analyzed have holding times varying from 8
hours to 7 days or more, since the fecal coliform analysis, with a holding time of 8 hours controls
when the samples must be at the laboratory. It is imperative that these samples make it to the lab
before hold times expire, so times will be recorded for collection and dropoff to insure accuracy.
The City of Fayetteville page - 12 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

3.5 Fecal coliform Sample
The Fecal coliform samples require special handling.
• Always wear gloves when handling the Fecal coliform bottles.
• No sampler technician suffering from a cold or infection will be allowed to handle the
Fecal coliform bottle.
• Do not touch the inside of the cap or threaded area of the bottle.
• Do not breathe into the bottle or inside of the cap.
• Call the laboratory in the morning and tell them how many Fecal coliform samples will
be delivered that day and the approximate time of delivery. The laboratory needs to
prepare culture media for the Fecal coliform samples.
3.6 Filling the Bottles
The sample collection will be performed with the in -water Stormwater Inspector facing
upstream. This position will lessen the chance that samples are disturbed or affected by the
Stormwater Inspector stirring up the bottom sediment.
Each bottle will be filled by collecting creek water from at or near the center of flow into a glass
beaker. Immerse the glass beaker into the creek flow several times before collecting the sample.
Using a glass beaker, slowly pour the sample into each bottle to within 1/4" to %2" of the bottle
top. Do not overfill the bottles containing a preservative. For those bottles that contain an acid
preservative, tip the opening of the bottle away from the face to avoid breathing fumes. The
fumes will not cause long-term harm, but breathing the fumes may cause an immediate nose or
throat irritation.
Place each filled sample bottle into the cooler. After all bottles have been filled and placed into
the cooler, pour loose ice over the bottles. Deliver the samples to the laboratory within three
hours after collection, but before 4:00 p.m. The laboratory will need about one hour to prepare
the fecal coliform samples.
Before leaving the monitoring station, thoroughly rinse the beaker with distilled water two times,
and then spray with alcohol. Allow the beaker to air dry.
The City of Fayetteville page - 13 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

3.7 Chain -of -Custody Form
It is imperative that the chain -of -custody (COC) form is completed correctly. One COC form is
filled out for each sample set and will accompany the coolers to the laboratory. An example of
Microbac's COC form is provided in this manual. However, different laboratories use different
formats, even within the same company.
At a minimum, the following information needs to be entered onto the COC form:
1. Name and Address of Client with name of person to receive the laboratory report.
2. Name of Person that collected the sample.
3. Sample Identification (e.g., Al-001).
4. Date and Time that sample was collected. Even though it may take 5 to 10 minutes to fill
all the bottles at one station, all samples collected at a single station will have the same
Time of Collection.
5. Check the box for "GRAB" sample.
6. If matrix is asked for, enter "SW" for surface water.
7. For number of bottles, break out for each bottle that has a unique parameter or group of
parameters.
8. Write in the analyses required — group together those parameters from the same bottle.
9. Most laboratories do not ask for the client to provide pH, Temp, or DO ... but since the
Fayetteville Stormwater Division is measuring these values in the field, the Stormwater
Inspector can enter these values on the COC before delivering to the laboratory. Again,
since this is a grab sample, these measurements will be the same for all bottles.
10. Each time the sample set changes hands, both the relinquisher and the recipient signs at
the bottom of the COC form.
The COC form should be filled out with known information prior to departing the office for the
monitoring station. The date and time of sample collection will be entered onto the COC form
after the sample is collected.
The laboratory will receive the samples, check the temperature, sign the COC and give a copy to
the Stormwater Inspector. Map 3-1 shows the location of Microbac Laboratories, Inc.
The City of Fayetteville page - 14 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

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Map 3-1— Location of Microbac Laboratories, Inc.
2592 Hope Mills Road
[phone]
3.8 Contact Numbers
MicroBac Laboratories, Inc..........................Bonnie Sanders ................................... [phone]
US Infrastructure of Carolina, Inc.....................John Fersner................................... [phone]
Fayetteville Stormwater Division .....................Greg Caison................................... [phone]
Grainger (supplies and equipment)...........................................................................[phone]
The City of Fayetteville page - 15 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Section 4: Safety Procedures
It is imperative that the Stormwater Inspectors practice safe procedures. The following protocol
will be followed:
• Always keep a field first -aid kit in the vehicle.
• Only one person should enter the water.
• Don hip waders before entering the water.
• The person that stays on the bank should carry a cell phone in a water -tight bag.
• Wear steel-shanked boots when wading in the creeks.
• Use the buddy system to help each other transport the equipment down to the water's
edge.
• Use a walking stick, safety ropes and harnesses, or other practical means to aid in safe
access to the center of the creek.
• Wear an orange safety vest or similar attire.
• The Stormwater Inspector collecting the samples should wear nitrile gloves and safety
glasses.
• Use mosquito repellant and sun screen. Check body for ticks and leeches before leaving
the monitoring station.
• If the site has conditions that pose a safety threat due to inclement weather or other
natural causes, sampling at this site will cease until it is safe to approach.
• Report any injuries immediately to the supervisor.
The City of Fayetteville page - 16 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Section 5: After Action
Once the samples are collected and returned to the laboratory, the Stormwater Inspectors need to
complete several other items.
5.1 Clean and Secure Equipment
• Rinse the sonde probes in distilled water as directed by the User's Manual.
• Prepare the sonde for long-term storage if it is not to be used for several weeks.
• Wash and rinse the glass beakers. The final rinse will be with distilled water, then spray
with alcohol. Allow to air dry, then place into a large zip-loc bag.
• Wash and rinse hip waders and other tools that may need it.
• Check first aid kit and other safety equipment. Replace needed items.
• Store all equipment in a carrying case so it is ready for the next round of sampling.
5.2 Enter Data
• Check data on Form 2 to ensure correctness.
• Enter data from Form 2 into digital database.
• File Form 2 with client's copy of the COC form.
• Upon receipt of analysis report, enter laboratory results into database, then file laboratory
report with corresponding Form 2.
The City of Fayetteville page - 17 -
Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

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FIELD DATA COLLECTION
FORM 2
Site Location
Sampler's Name:
Sampler's Name:
Sample ID:
Date:
Time:
Hours Since Last Rainfall:
Stage Reading:
Air Temp:
Stage = Flow Rate of cfs
Water Temperature:
Flow pH:
Turbidity:
Sp. Conductance:
Dissolved Oxygen
Visual Observations:
Yes
No
Oil Sheen
Foam
Litter & Trash
Dead Fish
Live Fish
Dead Amphibians
Live Amphibians
Crayfish
Water Bugs (insects)
Mussels
Algal Growth
Color of Water
Odor from Water
Suspected Illicit Discharge?
Comments:
The City of Fayetteville Form - 2 -
NPDES Permit No. NCS000246 — Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

Supplies & Equipment List
Equipment
From Grainger (http://www.grainger.com) 1-800-472-4643
Item
Parts No.
Quantity
Price
Disposable Nitrile Gloves (box of 100)
121956L
1 box
$15.06 ea
Safety Glasses (uvex by Honeywell)
12699R
6
$11.73 ea
Hip Boots (waders) (1 pair per Inspector)
46181604
2
$114.65 ea
Reflective Vest (1 per Inspector)
83392
2
$13.85 ea
Trucker's First Aid Kit
49H395
1
$49.95 ea
Plastic Spray Bottles (3/ pack)
130298
1 pack
$12.42 ea
Glass Beakers (1000 ml) (6/ pack)
5YHA8
1 pack
$62.35 ea
Rain Gauge
3LYK9
6
$19.65 ea
Expendables
From local General Merchandise Store (e.g., Walmart)
Item
Parts No.
Quantity
Price
Distilled Water (1 gallon per 6 samples)
1 gal
$2.50/ gal
Rubbing Alcohol (1 pint per 6 samples
1 pint
$1.75/ pt
Flashlight & Batteries
1
$11.00 ea
Flip -Top Container for Carrying Supplies
1
$20.00 ea
'/2-gal Zip-Loc Bags
1 box of 24
$3.00 ea
Sharpie Water -Proof Markers
1 pkg of 4
$5.00 ea
The City of Fayetteville Equipment List
NPDES Permit No. NCS000246 — Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015

APPENDIX A
Horiba U-50 USER'S MANUAL
The City of Fayetteville Appendix A
NPDES Permit No. NCS000246 — Sample Collection Guidance Manual January 30, 2015