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HomeMy WebLinkAbout46_Fixed Interval Sampling SOPFixed Interval Monitoring Program: Standard Operation Procedures GREENSBORO City of Greensboro Water Resources Department Stormwater Management Division Water Quality Section Revised 2021 City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 1 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures CONTENTS ProgramOverview...................................................................................................................................................3 Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 SamplingLocations..................................................................................................................................................3 ParametersSampled................................................................................................................................................ 5 QualityControl for Data Collection.......................................................................................................................6 Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Preparation........................................................................................................................................ 7 BeforeSampling............................................................................................................................ 7 SamplingDay................................................................................................................................ 7 EquipmentChecklist...................................................................................................................... 7 SamplingProcess.............................................................................................................................. 8 AfterSampling................................................................................................................................... 8 Documentation.......................................................................................................................................................... 8 APPENDIX A: DIRECTIONS FOR URBAN RUN..........................................................................................10 APPENDIX B: Directions to Water Supply Run................................................................................................12 APPENDIXC: Field Data Sheets.........................................................................................................................14 Appendix D: Ambient Water Quality Watch and Action Levels......................................................................15 APPENDIXE: USGS DATA................................................................................................................................16 City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 2 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures PROGRAM OVERVIEW In July 1998, the City of Greensboro Stormwater Management Division implemented a comprehensive ambient water -quality monitoring program to assess and evaluate the overall health of the City's streams and surface waters. The primary focus of the ambient program is to monitor the baseline health of our streams and creeks, develop trends over time, and evaluate whether pollution prevention strategies and other stormwater management programs are effective at improving water quality and stream health. Important elements of the ambient monitoring program include identifying and eliminating illicit connections and illegal dumping, as well as educating citizens about improving storm water runoff and water quality. In January 2009, due to changes in state regulations, this sampling program was altered to meet these needs. The ambient program was halted and the Water Quality section began fixed interval sampling. This allowed for the program to monitor a variety of conditions regardless of rainfall either before or during the sampling. PURPOSE Fixed interval sampling is designed to assess the water quality of streams in the Greensboro area. Stream sampling takes place on the same day every month in order to gather data during a variety of conditions, including dry weather and storm events. Not only does this program help determine water quality trends over time, but it also helps identify and eliminate sources of pollution through data analysis and follow-up investigations. A secondary purpose of this program is to determine a Water Quality Index (WQI) for each site. Information about the water quality data can then be disseminated to managers, elected officials, and the public in a simple and understandable format. That information can then be used in the management and decision -making process to assess proper locations for BMPs or other pollutant removal devices. SAMPLING LOCATIONS The 20 fixed interval sampling sites are divided into two groups: urban and watershed. Samples are collected at each site, and field parameters are taken and saved under the site on the Horiba. This helps to achieve consistency in water quality data based on geographic location. The urban sites are located in the North and South Buffalo sub -basins, while the watershed sites cover the water supply watershed in the outer rim of the city. Monitoring sites have been strategically located on the downstream end (discharge point) of every sub -basin in Greensboro. Many factors played a part in locating the exact point to gather data: ease of access and safety for sampling staff, USGS gage site locations, sites located along a main stem of stream and not in smaller tributary, and characterization of each of the major sub -basins. Fixed Interval Sampling Sites Water Supply ID or Code Site Location Latitude Longitude Watershed BRF-2 Reedy Fork Friendship Church Road 360 10' 35.58"N 790 39' 52.84" W GRC-1 Richland Creek Bluff Run (Regents Park Ln.) 360 8' 36.30" N 790 49' 36.25" W City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 3 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures GHP-1 Horsepen Creek Battleground Avenue 360 8' 19.69" N 790 51' 35.34" W GRF-1 Reedy Fork Bunch Road 360 10' 22.84"N 790 57' 8.34" W GBC-1 Brush Creek Muirfield Road 360 8' 22.06" N 790 54' 52.63" W GHP-1 Horsepen Creek Old Oak Ridge Road 360 6' 23.12" N 790 54' 14.94" W RBR-1 Bull Run Mackay Road 360 0' 49.78" N 790 54' 48.75" W RRC-1 Reddick Creek Kivett Drive 360 58' 4.32" N 790 53' 22.86" W Buffalo Creek McLeansville Rd 360 7' 41.92" N 790 39' 41.63" W ID or Code Urban Watershed Site Location Latitude Longitude BNB-3 North Buffalo Rankin Mill Road 360 7' 10.69" N 790 42' 29.09" W BMC-2 Muddy Creek White Street 360 6' 24.41" N 790 44' 36.47" W BNB North Buffalo Summit Avenue 360 6' 51.47" N 790 45' 51.47" W BNBL-1 North Buffalo Lakes Sixteenth Street 360 6' 32.30" N 790 46' 2.77" W BNB-2 North Buffalo Church Street 360 6' 0.08" N 790 46' 32.59" W BNB-1 North Buffalo Aycock Street 360 4' 44.19" N 790 48" 44.79" W BSB-1 South Buffalo Merritt Drive 360 30.20" N 790 51' 30.89" W City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 4 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures BSB-2 South Buffalo Randleman Road 3602' 13.54" N 79048' 5.91" W BRC-1 Ryan Creek South Point Apt. (W. A Drive) 3601' 49.99" N 79047' 57.37" W BMR-1 Mile Run Fieldcrest Road 3602' 36.76" N 79046' 28.32" W BSB-3 South Buffalo McConnell Road 3603' 34.44" N 79043' 40.91" W Most of these sites are primarily located on city parklands in order to increase interaction with the public for educational purposes. These sites provide comprehensive coverage of the streams throughout the City and represent a variety of land uses. Though located on parklands, most represent the land use of their full drainage basin; the park area is very small and typically follows a stream channel. PARAMETERS SAMPLED The following table is a list of parameters that are sampled for fixed interval sampling on a monthly basis. Physical Parameters (Multi -probe) Chemical Parameters Temperature BOD (biological oxygen demand) Alkalinity DO (mg/1) COD (chemical oxygen demand) Fecal Coliform City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 5 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures DO (%) TDS (total dissolved solids) Hardness PH TKN (total Kjehldahl nitrogen) P (phosphorus) Turbidity TSS (total suspended solids) CD (cadmium) Conductivity NO2-N (nitrite) CU (copper) NO3-N (nitrate) PB (lead) Chloride (only applicable winter months) ZN (zinc) QUALITY CONTROL FOR DATA COLLECTION A quality control program has been implemented in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the samples. Quality control helps identify sources of error in the sampling process so that they may be corrected. Quality control samples are collected every other month. A trip blank is used to find out if there is contamination influencing the sample during storage and delivery. In order to conduct a trip blank, obtain sample bottles of contaminant free water (deionized water) that correspond with the requested samples collected and transported with the trip blank. The deionized water is provided and filled into sample bottles by the contract laboratory. This cooler will get ice like the others. It will have its own COC form to be completed (date & time ice was added) and given to the lab upon delivery. A duplicate is when two or more samples are taken from the same site at the same time using the same method and then independently analyzed in the same manner. These types of samples are representative of the same environmental condition. Duplicates can be used to detect both the natural variability in the environment and that caused by field sampling methods. The site name for the duplicate sample is usually provided as "Site 1" to keep the exact location unknown to the contract laboratory. Be sure to record on the FIS field sheet which site location the duplicate is collected from. A spike is a sample to which a known concentration of the analyte of interest has been added. Spiked samples are used to measure accuracy. The certified spike sample is coordinated and ordered through Environmental Resource Associates (ERA) laboratory in Arvada, Colorado. After the parameter of concern is determined, the desired value range for that parameter is coordinated with ERA. A sample bottle is obtained from the contract laboratory for that parameter and mailed to ERA to be filled with the known concentration of the desired parameter. A split is one sample that is collected in a beaker and is then "split" between 2 sample bottles, which is then distributed for analysis by 2 different laboratories. This test is used to determine consistency between laboratory procedures. Typically, the lab at the Townsend plant is used in addition to our contract laboratory for this QC sample. Sample Schedule Month QAQC Type January Trip Blank City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 6 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures March Duplicate May Spike July Split September Trip Blank November I Duplicate OVERVIEW A week prior to sampling, the contract laboratory is notified to coordinate cooler delivery. Water Quality staff rotate between the two sampling runs (watershed and urban). A schedule is posted on the cabinet in the Water Quality Section. PREPARATION BEFORE SAMPLING • Calibrate either either YSI or Horiba multiprobes and record the calibration results in the ledger. Change membrane and batteries as needed. • Separate the urban coolers from the watershed coolers, and load them into the appropriate trucks. • Clean each beaker on the sampling poles to prepare them for use if needed. SAMPLING DAY • Get ice from the warehouse. One bag of ice for each cooler, plus one for any QA/QC samples. (Add another bag on hot days to account for melting.) • Check safety and personal equipment. • Check communication equipment. EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST • Clipboard with field sheets and chain of custody forms • Coolers with sample bottles • YSI or Horiba multiprobe • QAQC cooler if applicable • Waders • Cell phone • Ice • Turbidity meter • Safety equipment (reflective vest & safety glasses) • Lotions or creams for sun and insect repellent • Kern wipes (for turbidity meter) • Latex gloves • First -aid Kit • Safety ropes • Camera (optional) City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 7 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures • Sampling pole & beaker • DI water SAMPLING PROCESS 1. At each site, locate the sampling point and determine the safest access route. Samplers should be consistent in these locations. If there are any questions regarding the location, please ask the person assigned oversight of the Fixed Interval program. 2. Place (do not toss) the YSI or Horiba probes in an area with good flow, wait for the readings to stabilize, and log the results in the meter for the appropriate site. 3. If using the YSI multiprobe, fill the turbidity vial. The YSI does not have a probe to measure Turbidity therefore a Hach turbidity meter is located on each truck. 4. Fill the bottles* for the sampling site. Collect samples on the upstream side of the field parameter readings to prevent disturbance of creek bed in samples. Bottles not containing preservative should be double rinsed with the stream water before filling. 5. Hold the bottle a few inches under water to sample midcurrent unless the bottle has preservatives. In this case, the sample should be taken from the surface with care taken not to overflow the bottle. 6. Fecal sample bottle must be filled between 200mL and 250mL. No more, no less or the analytical results will be flagged on the report. 7. Make sure the sample bottles are upright and empty a bag of ice on the samples. 8. Run the turbidity sample. Record the result on the field sheet. 9. Load equipment back on truck and fill in the time on the field sheet, along with any comments about the site. 10. When sampling run is complete, fill out the appropriate information on the COC forms. 11. Transport samples to contract lab for analysis, making sure to deliver within 6 hours of the time the first sample was collected (fecal holding time). *Sampling pole with beaker may be used to collect samples from the stream when conditions do not allow for safe entry into the stream. Be sure to wash the beaker before collecting samples and/or between sampling at another site. AFTER SAMPLING 1. If needed, clean the beaker on the sampling pole. 2. Transfer logged data from the Horibas to the field sheet. Download data from each Horiba into a spreadsheet and save it here: Y:\Storm_Mgmt\by_section\by_waterquality\by_projects\Fixed Interval Sampling\Horiba\Horiba Download FIS Data\Downloads 3. Be sure to label each .csv download as Urban or Watersupply. Then combine both spreadsheets and save it as Horiba<date>. 4. Post -calibrate the YSI or Horiba multiprobe and record results in the ledger. 5. Record stream level by looking up the USGS stream level gauge (on-line) if applicable/necessary, not all sampling sites have a corresponding USGS station. See appendix F for steps on how to obtain data. Record in spreadsheet with parameters from multi -probe. DOCUMENTATION The Pace Portal should be utilized to look up fecal values after 2-3 days from sample collection. If sampling was conducted under ambient conditions and values exceed fecal standards (greater than 4,000): City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 8 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures Check with sewer maintenance to determine if there have been any recent sanitary sewer overflows already identified/resolved in the immediate or upstream area. Initiate follow up sampling and/or outfall monitoring if necessary until source is identified. Record all follow up data in OneNote notebook created for capturing this information. Be sure to include maps showing where samples were taken, the lab results from all samples and note which staff participated and how they participated. Data from the multiprobe is uploaded to the WQI database after sampling. When available, the data from the lab is uploaded to the database, and the WQI score is calculated. City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 9 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures APPENDIX A: DIRECTIONS FOR URBAN RUN WR Building to Randleman Rd. 1. Left on Sobar St. 2. Right on W Meadowview Rd. 3. Left onto Randleman Rd. 4. Park on the right side of the road in the parking lot behind the Meadowview shopping center. Randleman Rd. to W. JJ Dr. 1. Continue on Randleman Rd., crossing over 1-40. 2. Turn right into parking lot at 2610 Randleman Rd. South Point Apartments. 3. Take immediate right into that parking lot, walk across grassy area to sampling site. W. JJ Dr. to Fieldcrest 1. Take a left back on to Randleman Rd. 2. Turn right onto 1-40 East. 3. Take a right at exit 222 headed towards Sanford or Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. 4. Stay in the far right lane and park in the grass on the right side of the road (near the end of the exit). Fieldcrest to McConnell Rd. 1. Continue straight on exit ramp and get in far left lane to go straight through the light onto 1-40 East. 2. Take the E. Gate City Blvd. exit, left at end of the ramp. 3. Take a right on Cedar Park Rd. 4. Take a left at the end of the road onto Bridgepoint Rd. 5. Sampling site will be across from the stop sign. Pull onto the shoulder and walk around fence. McConnell Rd. to Rankin Mill Rd. 1. Continue on McConnell Rd. 2. Right on Old McConnell Loop. 3. Right on JFH Dairy Rd. 4. Right on Ward Rd. 5. Right on Burlington Rd. 6. Take the left fork onto Penry Rd., crossing over Wendover. 7. Right on Huffine Mill Rd. Take the left fork for Rankin Mill Rd. 8. Continue on to sampling site, where the road crosses the stream after Camp Burton Rd. Rankin Mill Rd. to White St. 1. Turn around to head south on Rankin Mill Rd. 2. Rankin Mill Rd. will become Huffine Mill Rd. 3. Take a right onto Nealtown Rd. 4. Left on White St. Park the truck above the second culvert. White St. to Summit Ave. 1. Continue west on White St. 2. Right on Phillips Ave. 3. Stay right to get on Summit Ave. City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 10 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures 4. Park on the right in the field of tall grass to access the sampling site. You can use the driveway to access the easement for parking. Summit Ave. to 16th St. 1. Return to Summit Ave., right on Summit 2. Left on 1611 St. 3. Right on Caesar St. 4. Sampling site will be on the right side of the road near the telephone poles. 16th St. to Church St. 1. Take a right to get back onto 16th St. heading west. 2. Left on Yanceyville St. 3. Right on E. Cornwallis Dr. 4. Left on Church St. 5. Right on Golden Gate Dr. Park in vacant parking lot for medical facility. Sampling site is near bridge. Church St. to Aycock 1. Continue south on Church St. 2. Right onto Wendover Ave. heading west. 3. Take left at Hill St. 4. Cross over Battleground Ave and take right on N. Mendenhall St. Follow it onto East Lake Dr. 5. Right on Fairmont St. 6. Right on Mimosa Dr. 7. Site is at the end of the street. Park in the circle. Aycock to Merritt Dr. 1. Take Westover Ter. back across Friendly Ave. 2. Right on Market St. 3. Take immediate left on Aycock St. 4. Right on Spring Garden St. 5. Left on Merritt Dr. 6. Park the truck in the church parking lot on Merritt Dr. City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 11 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures APPENDIX B: DIRECTIONS TO WATER SUPPLY RUN WR Building to McLeansville Rd. 1. Take 1-40 East to exit 132 for Mt. Hope church Rd. 2. Left on Mt. Hope Church Rd. 3. Eventually it will turn into McCleansville Rd. 4. You will cross over Wendover/Hwy 70, keep going. 5. After you pass the railroad tracks and the shopping center, continue about 1.5 miles, park on the right before the bridge. McLeansville Rd. to Friendship Church Rd. 1. Continue on McLeansville Rd. for about 2 miles 2. Right onto Hicone Rd. 3. Left on Friendship Church Rd. after about 1.5 miles. 4. Park after bridge, easiest to park on the right off Smiley Wyrick Rd. Friendship Church Road to Bluff Run Drive 1. Go back to Hicone Rd. from Friendship Church Rd. 2. Right on Hicone Ave. 3. Left on Summit Ave. 4. Turn right onto Brightwood School Road. 5. Turn left onto Lee's Chapel Road, which will eventually turn into Pisgah Church Road. 6. Turn right onto Elm Street, heading north. 7. Turn right onto Bass Chapel Road. 8. Turn left onto Regents Park Lane. 9. Turn left onto Bluff Run Drive. Bluff Run Drive to Battleground Avenue 1. From Bluff Run, make a left onto Regency Park Lane going west. 2. Go straight through the light at Lawndale Drive. 3. Turn left onto Lake Brandt Rd. 4. Turn right onto Battleground Avenue. 5. Turn right onto the service road before the bridge. (Sample site upstream above USGS gauge site.) Battleground Avenue to Bunch Road 1. Turn right onto Battleground Avenue, heading north. 2. Turn left onto Horsepen Creek Road. 3. Turn right onto Carlson Dairy Road. 4. Turn left onto Pleasant Ridge Road. 5. Turn right onto Stanley Huff Road. 6. Turn left onto Bunch Road. 7. Drive past sampling site and turn around to park at the bridge. 8. Sample site at USGS gauge station. 9. Bunch Road to Muirfield Drive 10. Take Bunch Rd. toward Northwest School Rd. 11. Right on Northwest School Rd. City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 12 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures 12. Left on Alcorn Rd. 13. Left on Pleasant Ridge Rd. 14. Turn Right onto Fleming Rd. 15. Turn Right onto Muirfield Rd. 16. Sample at the bridge next to the golf course, at the USGS station. Muirfield Drive to Oak Ridge Road 1. Continue on Muirfield Drive toward Old Oak Ridge Road. 2. Turn left onto Old Oak Ridge Road. 3. Go straight on Old Oak Ridge Rd., sample at the stream near the Deerwood Apartment complex. Oak Ridge Road to Mackay Road 1. Continue on Old Oak Ridge Road, toward Guilford College. 2. Veer right onto Fleming Road, which becomes New Garden Rd. 3. Continue straight until New Garden becomes Guildford College Rd. 4. Turn left onto Mackay Road. (Sample downstream side of bridge.) Mackay Road to Kivett Drive 1. Continue on Mackay Road to Gate City Blvd. 2. Turn right onto Gate City Blvd. 3. Turn left onto Guilford College Road. (This merges with Vickery Chapel Road, going south.) 4. Turn left onto Kivett Drive. (Sample site is on the left side upstream where road crosses stream.) City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 13 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures APPENDIX C: FIELD DATA SHEETS Water Supply Run Date: Weather: Probe: Last Rain/Amt.(In): Sampler(s): Ambient (Y or N)? Location Comments N. & S. Buffalo Cr. @ Mcleansville Reedy Fork Cr. @ Friendship Ch. Rd. Richland Cr. @ Bluff Run Horsepen Cr. @ Battleground Ave. Reedy Fork @ Bunch Rd. Brush Cr. @ Muirfield Rd. Horsepen Cr. @ Old Oak Ridge Rd. Bull Run Cr. @ Mackay Rd. Reddicks Cr. @Kivett Dr. Urban Run Date: Weather: Probe: Last Rain/Amt.(In): Sampler(s): Ambient (Y or N)? Location Comments S. Buffalo @ Randleman Rd. Muddy Creek @ JJ Drive UN. Trib. @ Fieldcrest Dr. S. Buffalo @ McConnell Rd. N. Buffalo @ Rankin Mill Rd. N. Buffalo @ White St. N. Buffalo @ Summit Ave. N. Buffalo @ Sixteenth St. N. Buffalo @ Church St. N. Buffalo @ Aycock St. S.Buffalo @ Merritt Dr. City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 14 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures APPENDIX D: AMBIENT WATER QUALITY WATCH AND ACTION LEVELS ** Applies only if sampling conducted during ambient conditions City of Greensboro Watch/Action Levels Parameter I State Standard No Action Taken Watch Condition Action Level Units Cadmium .002 < .0002 .0002 - .0006 > .0006 mg/I Copper .007 < .006 .006 — .01 > .01 mg/I Lead .025 < .003 .003 — .01 > .01 mg/I Zinc .05 < .025 .025 - .05 > .05 mg/I Alkalinity NA < 80 80 - 120 > 120 mg/I BOD NA < 4 4-8 > 8 mg/I COD NA < 30 30-50 > 50 mg/I Fecal Coliform 200 < 1000 1000 - 4000 > 4000 CFU/100ml Hardness NA < 125 125 - 200 > 200 mg/I Nitrate Nitrogen 10 < 2 2-5 > 5 mg/I Nitrite Nitrogen NA < .2 .2—.8 > .8 mg/I TDS NA < 250 250 - 400 > 400 mg/I TSS NA < 15 15 - 30 > 30 mg/I TKN NA < 1.5 1.5 — 3 > 3 mg/I T. Phosphorus NA < .2 .2 - .4 > .4 mg/I Temperature NA < 27 27 — 30 > 30 Celsius DO < 5 > 6 5-6 < 5 mg/I DO % NA 65 - 120 40 - 65 < 40 or > 120 % pH <6or>9 6-8 8-9 <6or>9 su Turbidity 50 < 25 25 — 50 > 50 NTU Conductivity NA < 300 300 - 450 > 450 mhos/cm Chloride 230 < 60 60 —230 > 230 mg/I City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 15 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures APPENDIX E: USGS DATA USGS Station Number USGS Station Name Corresponding City of GSO sampling site 2093800 REEDY FORK NEAR OAK RIDGE, NC Bunch Rd (previously Pleasant Ridge Rd) 2093877 BRUSH CREEK AT MUIRFIELD RD AT GREENSBORO, NC Muirfield (previously Fleming Rd) 209399200 HORSEPEN CREEK AT US 220 NR GREENSBORO, NC Battleground Ave 2094500 REEDY FORK NEAR GIBSONVILLE, NC Friendship Church Rd 2094659 SOUTH BUFFALO CREEK NR POMONA, NC Merritt Dr 2094770 SOUTH BUFFALO CREEK AT US 220 AT GREENSBORO, NC Randleman Rd 2094775 RYAN CREEK BELOW US 220 AT GREENSBORO, NC W JJ Dr 2095000 SOUTH BUFFALO CR NEAR GREENSBORO, NC McConnell Rd 2095181 N BUFFALO CR AT WESTOVER TERRACE AT GREENSBORO, NC Aycock St 2095271 NORTH BUFFALO CREEK AT CHURCH ST AT GREENSBORO, NC Church St 2095500 NORTH BUFFALO CREEK NEAR GREENSBORO, NC Rankin Mill Rd 209553650 BUFFALO CREEK AT SR2819 NR MCLEANSVILLE, NC McLeansville Rd City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 16 Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures