HomeMy WebLinkAbout46_Fixed Interval Sampling SOPFixed Interval Monitoring Program:
Standard Operation Procedures
GREENSBORO
City of Greensboro
Water Resources Department
Stormwater Management Division
Water Quality Section
Revised 2021
City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 1
Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
CONTENTS
ProgramOverview...................................................................................................................................................3
Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
SamplingLocations..................................................................................................................................................3
ParametersSampled................................................................................................................................................ 5
QualityControl for Data Collection.......................................................................................................................6
Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Preparation........................................................................................................................................ 7
BeforeSampling............................................................................................................................ 7
SamplingDay................................................................................................................................ 7
EquipmentChecklist...................................................................................................................... 7
SamplingProcess.............................................................................................................................. 8
AfterSampling................................................................................................................................... 8
Documentation.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
APPENDIX A: DIRECTIONS FOR URBAN RUN..........................................................................................10
APPENDIX B: Directions to Water Supply Run................................................................................................12
APPENDIXC: Field Data Sheets.........................................................................................................................14
Appendix D: Ambient Water Quality Watch and Action Levels......................................................................15
APPENDIXE: USGS DATA................................................................................................................................16
City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 2
Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
In July 1998, the City of Greensboro Stormwater Management Division implemented a comprehensive
ambient water -quality monitoring program to assess and evaluate the overall health of the City's
streams and surface waters. The primary focus of the ambient program is to monitor the baseline
health of our streams and creeks, develop trends over time, and evaluate whether pollution prevention
strategies and other stormwater management programs are effective at improving water quality and
stream health. Important elements of the ambient monitoring program include identifying and
eliminating illicit connections and illegal dumping, as well as educating citizens about improving storm
water runoff and water quality.
In January 2009, due to changes in state regulations, this sampling program was altered to meet these
needs. The ambient program was halted and the Water Quality section began fixed interval sampling.
This allowed for the program to monitor a variety of conditions regardless of rainfall either before or
during the sampling.
PURPOSE
Fixed interval sampling is designed to assess the water quality of streams in the Greensboro area.
Stream sampling takes place on the same day every month in order to gather data during a variety of
conditions, including dry weather and storm events.
Not only does this program help determine water quality trends over time, but it also helps identify and
eliminate sources of pollution through data analysis and follow-up investigations. A secondary purpose
of this program is to determine a Water Quality Index (WQI) for each site. Information about the water
quality data can then be disseminated to managers, elected officials, and the public in a simple and
understandable format. That information can then be used in the management and decision -making
process to assess proper locations for BMPs or other pollutant removal devices.
SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The 20 fixed interval sampling sites are divided into two groups: urban and watershed. Samples are
collected at each site, and field parameters are taken and saved under the site on the Horiba. This
helps to achieve consistency in water quality data based on geographic location. The urban sites are
located in the North and South Buffalo sub -basins, while the watershed sites cover the water supply
watershed in the outer rim of the city. Monitoring sites have been strategically located on the
downstream end (discharge point) of every sub -basin in Greensboro. Many factors played a part in
locating the exact point to gather data: ease of access and safety for sampling staff, USGS gage site
locations, sites located along a main stem of stream and not in smaller tributary, and characterization of
each of the major sub -basins.
Fixed Interval Sampling Sites
Water Supply
ID or Code
Site Location
Latitude
Longitude
Watershed
BRF-2
Reedy Fork
Friendship Church Road
360 10' 35.58"N
790 39' 52.84" W
GRC-1
Richland Creek
Bluff Run (Regents Park Ln.)
360 8' 36.30" N
790 49' 36.25" W
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GHP-1
Horsepen Creek
Battleground Avenue
360 8' 19.69" N
790 51' 35.34" W
GRF-1
Reedy Fork
Bunch Road
360 10' 22.84"N
790 57' 8.34" W
GBC-1
Brush Creek
Muirfield Road
360 8' 22.06" N
790 54' 52.63" W
GHP-1
Horsepen Creek
Old Oak Ridge Road
360 6' 23.12" N
790 54' 14.94" W
RBR-1
Bull Run
Mackay Road
360 0' 49.78" N
790 54' 48.75" W
RRC-1
Reddick Creek
Kivett Drive
360 58' 4.32" N
790 53' 22.86" W
Buffalo Creek
McLeansville Rd
360 7' 41.92" N
790 39' 41.63" W
ID or Code
Urban Watershed
Site Location
Latitude
Longitude
BNB-3
North Buffalo
Rankin Mill Road
360 7' 10.69" N
790 42' 29.09" W
BMC-2
Muddy Creek
White Street
360 6' 24.41" N
790 44' 36.47" W
BNB
North Buffalo
Summit Avenue
360 6' 51.47" N
790 45' 51.47" W
BNBL-1
North Buffalo Lakes
Sixteenth Street
360 6' 32.30" N
790 46' 2.77" W
BNB-2
North Buffalo
Church Street
360 6' 0.08" N
790 46' 32.59" W
BNB-1
North Buffalo
Aycock Street
360 4' 44.19" N
790 48" 44.79" W
BSB-1
South Buffalo
Merritt Drive
360 30.20" N
790 51' 30.89" W
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
BSB-2
South Buffalo
Randleman Road
3602' 13.54" N
79048' 5.91" W
BRC-1
Ryan Creek
South Point Apt. (W. A Drive)
3601' 49.99" N
79047' 57.37" W
BMR-1
Mile Run
Fieldcrest Road
3602' 36.76" N
79046' 28.32" W
BSB-3
South Buffalo
McConnell Road
3603' 34.44" N
79043' 40.91" W
Most of these sites are primarily located on city parklands in order to increase interaction with the public
for educational purposes. These sites provide comprehensive coverage of the streams throughout the
City and represent a variety of land uses. Though located on parklands, most represent the land use of
their full drainage basin; the park area is very small and typically follows a stream channel.
PARAMETERS SAMPLED
The following table is a list of parameters that are sampled for fixed interval sampling on a
monthly basis.
Physical Parameters (Multi -probe)
Chemical Parameters
Temperature
BOD (biological oxygen demand)
Alkalinity
DO (mg/1)
COD (chemical oxygen demand)
Fecal Coliform
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
DO (%)
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Hardness
PH
TKN (total Kjehldahl nitrogen)
P
(phosphorus)
Turbidity
TSS (total suspended solids)
CD (cadmium)
Conductivity
NO2-N (nitrite)
CU (copper)
NO3-N (nitrate)
PB (lead)
Chloride (only applicable winter
months)
ZN (zinc)
QUALITY CONTROL FOR DATA COLLECTION
A quality control program has been implemented in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
samples. Quality control helps identify sources of error in the sampling process so that they may be
corrected. Quality control samples are collected every other month.
A trip blank is used to find out if there is contamination influencing the sample during storage and
delivery. In order to conduct a trip blank, obtain sample bottles of contaminant free water (deionized
water) that correspond with the requested samples collected and transported with the trip blank. The
deionized water is provided and filled into sample bottles by the contract laboratory. This cooler will get
ice like the others. It will have its own COC form to be completed (date & time ice was added) and
given to the lab upon delivery.
A duplicate is when two or more samples are taken from the same site at the same time using the
same method and then independently analyzed in the same manner. These types of samples are
representative of the same environmental condition. Duplicates can be used to detect both the natural
variability in the environment and that caused by field sampling methods. The site name for the
duplicate sample is usually provided as "Site 1" to keep the exact location unknown to the contract
laboratory. Be sure to record on the FIS field sheet which site location the duplicate is collected from.
A spike is a sample to which a known concentration of the analyte of interest has been added. Spiked
samples are used to measure accuracy. The certified spike sample is coordinated and ordered through
Environmental Resource Associates (ERA) laboratory in Arvada, Colorado. After the parameter of
concern is determined, the desired value range for that parameter is coordinated with ERA. A sample
bottle is obtained from the contract laboratory for that parameter and mailed to ERA to be filled with the
known concentration of the desired parameter.
A split is one sample that is collected in a beaker and is then "split" between 2 sample bottles, which is
then distributed for analysis by 2 different laboratories. This test is used to determine consistency
between laboratory procedures. Typically, the lab at the Townsend plant is used in addition to our
contract laboratory for this QC sample.
Sample Schedule
Month QAQC Type
January Trip Blank
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
March
Duplicate
May
Spike
July
Split
September
Trip Blank
November
I Duplicate
OVERVIEW
A week prior to sampling, the contract laboratory is notified to coordinate cooler delivery. Water Quality
staff rotate between the two sampling runs (watershed and urban). A schedule is posted on the cabinet
in the Water Quality Section.
PREPARATION
BEFORE SAMPLING
• Calibrate either either YSI or Horiba multiprobes and record the calibration results in the ledger.
Change membrane and batteries as needed.
• Separate the urban coolers from the watershed coolers, and load them into the appropriate
trucks.
• Clean each beaker on the sampling poles to prepare them for use if needed.
SAMPLING DAY
• Get ice from the warehouse. One bag of ice for each cooler, plus one for any QA/QC samples.
(Add another bag on hot days to account for melting.)
• Check safety and personal equipment.
• Check communication equipment.
EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST
• Clipboard with field sheets and chain of custody forms
• Coolers with sample bottles
• YSI or Horiba multiprobe
• QAQC cooler if applicable
• Waders
• Cell phone
• Ice
• Turbidity meter
• Safety equipment (reflective vest & safety glasses)
• Lotions or creams for sun and insect repellent
• Kern wipes (for turbidity meter)
• Latex gloves
• First -aid Kit
• Safety ropes
• Camera (optional)
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
• Sampling pole & beaker
• DI water
SAMPLING PROCESS
1. At each site, locate the sampling point and determine the safest access route. Samplers should be
consistent in these locations. If there are any questions regarding the location, please ask the
person assigned oversight of the Fixed Interval program.
2. Place (do not toss) the YSI or Horiba probes in an area with good flow, wait for the readings to
stabilize, and log the results in the meter for the appropriate site.
3. If using the YSI multiprobe, fill the turbidity vial. The YSI does not have a probe to measure
Turbidity therefore a Hach turbidity meter is located on each truck.
4. Fill the bottles* for the sampling site. Collect samples on the upstream side of the field parameter
readings to prevent disturbance of creek bed in samples. Bottles not containing preservative should
be double rinsed with the stream water before filling.
5. Hold the bottle a few inches under water to sample midcurrent unless the bottle has preservatives.
In this case, the sample should be taken from the surface with care taken not to overflow the bottle.
6. Fecal sample bottle must be filled between 200mL and 250mL. No more, no less or the analytical
results will be flagged on the report.
7. Make sure the sample bottles are upright and empty a bag of ice on the samples.
8. Run the turbidity sample. Record the result on the field sheet.
9. Load equipment back on truck and fill in the time on the field sheet, along with any comments about
the site.
10. When sampling run is complete, fill out the appropriate information on the COC forms.
11. Transport samples to contract lab for analysis, making sure to deliver within 6 hours of the time the
first sample was collected (fecal holding time).
*Sampling pole with beaker may be used to collect samples from the stream when conditions do not
allow for safe entry into the stream. Be sure to wash the beaker before collecting samples and/or
between sampling at another site.
AFTER SAMPLING
1. If needed, clean the beaker on the sampling pole.
2. Transfer logged data from the Horibas to the field sheet. Download data from each Horiba into a
spreadsheet and save it here: Y:\Storm_Mgmt\by_section\by_waterquality\by_projects\Fixed
Interval Sampling\Horiba\Horiba Download FIS Data\Downloads
3. Be sure to label each .csv download as Urban or Watersupply. Then combine both spreadsheets
and save it as Horiba<date>.
4. Post -calibrate the YSI or Horiba multiprobe and record results in the ledger.
5. Record stream level by looking up the USGS stream level gauge (on-line) if applicable/necessary,
not all sampling sites have a corresponding USGS station. See appendix F for steps on how to
obtain data. Record in spreadsheet with parameters from multi -probe.
DOCUMENTATION
The Pace Portal should be utilized to look up fecal values after 2-3 days from sample collection. If
sampling was conducted under ambient conditions and values exceed fecal standards (greater than
4,000):
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
Check with sewer maintenance to determine if there have been any recent sanitary sewer
overflows already identified/resolved in the immediate or upstream area.
Initiate follow up sampling and/or outfall monitoring if necessary until source is identified.
Record all follow up data in OneNote notebook created for capturing this information. Be sure
to include maps showing where samples were taken, the lab results from all samples and note
which staff participated and how they participated.
Data from the multiprobe is uploaded to the WQI database after sampling. When available, the
data from the lab is uploaded to the database, and the WQI score is calculated.
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
APPENDIX A: DIRECTIONS FOR URBAN RUN
WR Building to Randleman Rd.
1. Left on Sobar St.
2. Right on W Meadowview Rd.
3. Left onto Randleman Rd.
4. Park on the right side of the road in the parking lot behind the Meadowview shopping center.
Randleman Rd. to W. JJ Dr.
1. Continue on Randleman Rd., crossing over 1-40.
2. Turn right into parking lot at 2610 Randleman Rd. South Point Apartments.
3. Take immediate right into that parking lot, walk across grassy area to sampling site.
W. JJ Dr. to Fieldcrest
1. Take a left back on to Randleman Rd.
2. Turn right onto 1-40 East.
3. Take a right at exit 222 headed towards Sanford or Martin Luther King Jr. Dr.
4. Stay in the far right lane and park in the grass on the right side of the road (near the end of the
exit).
Fieldcrest to McConnell Rd.
1. Continue straight on exit ramp and get in far left lane to go straight through the light onto 1-40
East.
2. Take the E. Gate City Blvd. exit, left at end of the ramp.
3. Take a right on Cedar Park Rd.
4. Take a left at the end of the road onto Bridgepoint Rd.
5. Sampling site will be across from the stop sign. Pull onto the shoulder and walk around fence.
McConnell Rd. to Rankin Mill Rd.
1. Continue on McConnell Rd.
2. Right on Old McConnell Loop.
3. Right on JFH Dairy Rd.
4. Right on Ward Rd.
5. Right on Burlington Rd.
6. Take the left fork onto Penry Rd., crossing over Wendover.
7. Right on Huffine Mill Rd. Take the left fork for Rankin Mill Rd.
8. Continue on to sampling site, where the road crosses the stream after Camp Burton Rd.
Rankin Mill Rd. to White St.
1. Turn around to head south on Rankin Mill Rd.
2. Rankin Mill Rd. will become Huffine Mill Rd.
3. Take a right onto Nealtown Rd.
4. Left on White St. Park the truck above the second culvert.
White St. to Summit Ave.
1. Continue west on White St.
2. Right on Phillips Ave.
3. Stay right to get on Summit Ave.
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
4. Park on the right in the field of tall grass to access the sampling site. You can use the driveway
to access the easement for parking.
Summit Ave. to 16th St.
1. Return to Summit Ave., right on Summit
2. Left on 1611 St.
3. Right on Caesar St.
4. Sampling site will be on the right side of the road near the telephone poles.
16th St. to Church St.
1. Take a right to get back onto 16th St. heading west.
2. Left on Yanceyville St.
3. Right on E. Cornwallis Dr.
4. Left on Church St.
5. Right on Golden Gate Dr. Park in vacant parking lot for medical facility. Sampling site is near
bridge.
Church St. to Aycock
1. Continue south on Church St.
2. Right onto Wendover Ave. heading west.
3. Take left at Hill St.
4. Cross over Battleground Ave and take right on N. Mendenhall St. Follow it onto East Lake Dr.
5. Right on Fairmont St.
6. Right on Mimosa Dr.
7. Site is at the end of the street. Park in the circle.
Aycock to Merritt Dr.
1. Take Westover Ter. back across Friendly Ave.
2. Right on Market St.
3. Take immediate left on Aycock St.
4. Right on Spring Garden St.
5. Left on Merritt Dr.
6. Park the truck in the church parking lot on Merritt Dr.
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
APPENDIX B: DIRECTIONS TO WATER SUPPLY RUN
WR Building to McLeansville Rd.
1. Take 1-40 East to exit 132 for Mt. Hope church Rd.
2. Left on Mt. Hope Church Rd.
3. Eventually it will turn into McCleansville Rd.
4. You will cross over Wendover/Hwy 70, keep going.
5. After you pass the railroad tracks and the shopping center, continue about 1.5 miles, park on
the right before the bridge.
McLeansville Rd. to Friendship Church Rd.
1. Continue on McLeansville Rd. for about 2 miles
2. Right onto Hicone Rd.
3. Left on Friendship Church Rd. after about 1.5 miles.
4. Park after bridge, easiest to park on the right off Smiley Wyrick Rd.
Friendship Church Road to Bluff Run Drive
1. Go back to Hicone Rd. from Friendship Church Rd.
2. Right on Hicone Ave.
3. Left on Summit Ave.
4. Turn right onto Brightwood School Road.
5. Turn left onto Lee's Chapel Road, which will eventually turn into Pisgah Church Road.
6. Turn right onto Elm Street, heading north.
7. Turn right onto Bass Chapel Road.
8. Turn left onto Regents Park Lane.
9. Turn left onto Bluff Run Drive.
Bluff Run Drive to Battleground Avenue
1. From Bluff Run, make a left onto Regency Park Lane going west.
2. Go straight through the light at Lawndale Drive.
3. Turn left onto Lake Brandt Rd.
4. Turn right onto Battleground Avenue.
5. Turn right onto the service road before the bridge. (Sample site upstream above USGS gauge
site.)
Battleground Avenue to Bunch Road
1. Turn right onto Battleground Avenue, heading north.
2. Turn left onto Horsepen Creek Road.
3. Turn right onto Carlson Dairy Road.
4. Turn left onto Pleasant Ridge Road.
5. Turn right onto Stanley Huff Road.
6. Turn left onto Bunch Road.
7. Drive past sampling site and turn around to park at the bridge.
8. Sample site at USGS gauge station.
9. Bunch Road to Muirfield Drive
10. Take Bunch Rd. toward Northwest School Rd.
11. Right on Northwest School Rd.
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
12. Left on Alcorn Rd.
13. Left on Pleasant Ridge Rd.
14. Turn Right onto Fleming Rd.
15. Turn Right onto Muirfield Rd.
16. Sample at the bridge next to the golf course, at the USGS station.
Muirfield Drive to Oak Ridge Road
1. Continue on Muirfield Drive toward Old Oak Ridge Road.
2. Turn left onto Old Oak Ridge Road.
3. Go straight on Old Oak Ridge Rd., sample at the stream near the Deerwood Apartment
complex.
Oak Ridge Road to Mackay Road
1. Continue on Old Oak Ridge Road, toward Guilford College.
2. Veer right onto Fleming Road, which becomes New Garden Rd.
3. Continue straight until New Garden becomes Guildford College Rd.
4. Turn left onto Mackay Road. (Sample downstream side of bridge.)
Mackay Road to Kivett Drive
1. Continue on Mackay Road to Gate City Blvd.
2. Turn right onto Gate City Blvd.
3. Turn left onto Guilford College Road. (This merges with Vickery Chapel Road, going south.)
4. Turn left onto Kivett Drive. (Sample site is on the left side upstream where road crosses
stream.)
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
APPENDIX C: FIELD DATA SHEETS
Water Supply Run
Date: Weather:
Probe: Last Rain/Amt.(In):
Sampler(s): Ambient (Y or N)?
Location
Comments
N. & S. Buffalo Cr. @ Mcleansville
Reedy Fork Cr. @ Friendship Ch. Rd.
Richland Cr. @ Bluff Run
Horsepen Cr. @ Battleground Ave.
Reedy Fork @ Bunch Rd.
Brush Cr. @ Muirfield Rd.
Horsepen Cr. @ Old Oak Ridge Rd.
Bull Run Cr. @ Mackay Rd.
Reddicks Cr. @Kivett Dr.
Urban Run
Date: Weather:
Probe: Last Rain/Amt.(In):
Sampler(s): Ambient (Y or N)?
Location
Comments
S. Buffalo @ Randleman Rd.
Muddy Creek @ JJ Drive
UN. Trib. @ Fieldcrest Dr.
S. Buffalo @ McConnell Rd.
N. Buffalo @ Rankin Mill Rd.
N. Buffalo @ White St.
N. Buffalo @ Summit Ave.
N. Buffalo @ Sixteenth St.
N. Buffalo @ Church St.
N. Buffalo @ Aycock St.
S.Buffalo @ Merritt Dr.
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
APPENDIX D: AMBIENT WATER QUALITY WATCH AND ACTION LEVELS
** Applies only if sampling conducted during ambient conditions
City of Greensboro Watch/Action Levels
Parameter I State Standard No Action Taken Watch Condition Action Level Units
Cadmium
.002
< .0002
.0002 - .0006
> .0006
mg/I
Copper
.007
< .006
.006 — .01
> .01
mg/I
Lead
.025
< .003
.003 — .01
> .01
mg/I
Zinc
.05
< .025
.025 - .05
> .05
mg/I
Alkalinity
NA
< 80
80 - 120
> 120
mg/I
BOD
NA
< 4
4-8
> 8
mg/I
COD
NA
< 30
30-50
> 50
mg/I
Fecal Coliform
200
< 1000
1000 - 4000
> 4000
CFU/100ml
Hardness
NA
< 125
125 - 200
> 200
mg/I
Nitrate Nitrogen
10
< 2
2-5
> 5
mg/I
Nitrite Nitrogen
NA
< .2
.2—.8
> .8
mg/I
TDS
NA
< 250
250 - 400
> 400
mg/I
TSS
NA
< 15
15 - 30
> 30
mg/I
TKN
NA
< 1.5
1.5 — 3
> 3
mg/I
T. Phosphorus
NA
< .2
.2 - .4
> .4
mg/I
Temperature
NA
< 27
27 — 30
> 30
Celsius
DO
< 5
> 6
5-6
< 5
mg/I
DO %
NA
65 - 120
40 - 65
< 40 or > 120
%
pH
<6or>9
6-8
8-9
<6or>9
su
Turbidity
50
< 25
25 — 50
> 50
NTU
Conductivity
NA
< 300
300 - 450
> 450
mhos/cm
Chloride
230
< 60
60 —230
> 230
mg/I
City of Greensboro, Stormwater Management Division Page 15
Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures
APPENDIX E: USGS DATA
USGS
Station
Number
USGS Station Name
Corresponding City of
GSO sampling site
2093800
REEDY FORK NEAR OAK RIDGE, NC
Bunch Rd (previously
Pleasant Ridge Rd)
2093877
BRUSH CREEK AT MUIRFIELD RD AT
GREENSBORO, NC
Muirfield (previously
Fleming Rd)
209399200
HORSEPEN CREEK AT US 220 NR GREENSBORO,
NC
Battleground Ave
2094500
REEDY FORK NEAR GIBSONVILLE, NC
Friendship Church Rd
2094659
SOUTH BUFFALO CREEK NR POMONA, NC
Merritt Dr
2094770
SOUTH BUFFALO CREEK AT US 220 AT
GREENSBORO, NC
Randleman Rd
2094775
RYAN CREEK BELOW US 220 AT GREENSBORO,
NC
W JJ Dr
2095000
SOUTH BUFFALO CR NEAR GREENSBORO, NC
McConnell Rd
2095181
N BUFFALO CR AT WESTOVER TERRACE AT
GREENSBORO, NC
Aycock St
2095271
NORTH BUFFALO CREEK AT CHURCH ST AT
GREENSBORO, NC
Church St
2095500
NORTH BUFFALO CREEK NEAR GREENSBORO,
NC
Rankin Mill Rd
209553650
BUFFALO CREEK AT SR2819 NR MCLEANSVILLE,
NC
McLeansville Rd
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Fixed Interval Standard Operating Procedures