NC0080586_Staff Report_19940708

NPDES DOCIMENT SCANNING COVER !ilIEET
NC0080586
Carolina Stalite
NPDES Permit:
Document Type:
Permit Issuance
Wasteload Allocation
Authorization to Construct (AtC)
Permit Modification
Complete File - Historical
r
.(.
Staff Report
Speculative Limits
Instream Assessment (67b)
Environmental Assessment (EA)
Permit
History
Document Date:
July 8, 1994
This document is printed on reuse paper - more any
content on the reYerse side

SOC Priority Project: Yes No X
If Yes, SOC No.:
To: Permits and Engineering Unit
Water Quality Section
Attention: Greg Nizich
Date: July 8, 1994
NPDES STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
County: Rowan t`
Permit No. NC0080586
PART I - GENERAL INFORMATION
Mil. 12199n
1
1. Facility and Address: Carolina Stalite
Post Office Box 1 37
Salisbury, North Carolina
2. Date of Investigation: June 30, 1994
28145-1037
3. Report Prepared by: Kim H. Colson, Environmental Engineer I
4. Persons Contacted and Telephone Number: Tim Agner, (704) 279-
2166.
5. Directions to Site: From the intersection of US Hwy 52 and SR
1221 (0]d Beatties Ford Road). travel west on SR 1221
approximately 0.7 mile. The Carolina Stalite Company is
located on the south (left) side of SR 1221.
6. Discharge Point(s), List for all discharge points:
Latitude: 35° 30' 10" Longitude: 80c 19' 42"
Attach a USGS map extract and indicate treatment facility site
and discharge point on map.
U.S.G.S. Quad No.: E17SE
U.S.G.S. Quad Name: Gold Hill, NC
7. Site size and expansion area consistent with application?
Yes.
8. Topography (relationship to flood plain included): Flat to
moderate slopes; the treatment facilities are not located
within the 100 year flood plain.
9. Location of nearest dwelling: None within 500 feet.
10. Receiving stream or affected surface waters: UT to Long Creek
a. Classification: C
b. River Basin and Subbasin No.: Yadkin - Pee Dee 030713

Page Two
c.
Describe receiving stream features and pertinent
downstream uses: Small wet weather drainage way.
General "C" classification uses downstream.
PART II — DESCRIPTION OF DISCHARGE AND TREATMENT WORKS
1.
a. Volume of wastewater to be permitted: Dependent on
rainfall.
b. Current permitted capacity of the wastewater treatment
facility: N!A
c. Actual treatment capacity of the current facility
(current design capacity): N/A
d . Date(s) and construction activities allowed by previous
Authorizations to Construct issued in the previous two
years: N/A
e.
Please provide a description of existing or substantially
constructed wastewater treatment facilities: Existing
WWT facilities consist of three catch basins with solids
storage. and four settling basins.
f. Please provide a description of proposed wastewater
treatment facilities: N/A
g•
Possible toxic impacts to surface waters: N/A
h . Pretreatment Program (POTWs only): NIA
2. Residuals handling and utilization/disposal scheme:
a.
If residuals are being land applied, please specify DEM
Permit No.: N/A
Residuals Contractor: N/A
Telephone No.: N/A
b. Residuals stabilization: PSRP PFRP Other
c. Landfill: N/A
d . Other disposal/utilization scheme (Specify): Tailing are
used onsite as fill or mixed into the product.
3. Treatment plant classification (attach completed rating
sheet): N/A
4. SIC Code(s): 3295
Wastewater Code(s)
Primary: 41 Secondary: 73, 15, 14, 42
Main Treatment Unit Code:

Page Three
PART III — OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION
1. Is this facility being constructed with Construction Grant
Funds or are any public monies involved? N/A.
2. Specialmonitoring or limitations (including. toxicity)
requests: N/A
3. Important SOC. JOC or Compliance Schedule dates (Please
indicate): N/A
4. Alternative Analysis Evaluation:
Spray Irrigation: N/A
Connection to Regional Sewer System: N/A
Subsurface: N/A
Other disposal options: N/A
5. Air quality and/or groundwater concerns or hazardous materials
utilized at this facility that may impact water qualit.y. air
quality. or groundwater: The facility holds two air quality
permits. The facility is permitted for remedi at i can of
petroleum contaminated soils. There are no known hazardous
materials concerns.
6. Other Special Items: N/A
PART IV — EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The permittee. Carolina Stalite, has appli.ed for permit
renewal. The facility has been issued a Certificate of Coverage
(No. NCG020238) under General Permit NCG020000.
The facility uses natural gas and coal as fuel for the k. i l ns .
Coal i.s the primary fuel. The company stores several large piles
of coal on the site. The petroleum contaminated soil is stored
onsite, mainly in a completely contained structure until it is
burned in the kilns. Dry bag houses are used to control air
emissions. Most of the stormwater and process wastewater is
recycled.

Page Four
It is recommended that the Certificate of Coverage be
rescinded and any stormwater requirements be incorporated into the
renewed individual permit. It is not recommended that this
facility be covered by the General Permit.
Signature of report preparer
Date
QualityD. 14
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RATING SCALE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Name of Facility: Aa ..cr
Owner or Contact Person: c...z„,= s `-w91-11 l ( - .i t. AC,�-17_
Mailing Address: 1'0 3,.0, 1 k,4) 1.aL: 1%,AZ `! M L Meal s. - 1071
County: 2L ^/AM Telephone: ( .A 2.4a — 2166
Present Classification:e.sst c.k..Ass,t1,--1�-vo— New Facility Existing Facility
Nondisc. Per. No.WQ Health Dept.Per No.�,
NPDES Per. No. NCO() 1:s-'706
M Telephone: [phone]E9c Date: --g/ -r
Rated by: 11,- 4t.4
Reviewed by:
Health Dept. Telephone:
Regional Office Telephone:
Central Office Telephone:
ORC: CIA Grade: = Telephone:
Check Classification(s): Subsurface Spray Irrigation __ Land Application
Wastewater Classification: (Circle One) 1 II III IV Total Points: 'z - *‘,
J4AANT PROCESSES AND BELATED CONTROL_ EQUIPMENT WHICH ARE AN INTEGRAL PARR OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SHALL NOT BE
CONSIDERED WASTE TREATMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLASSIFICATION. ALSO SEPTIC TANK SYSV MS CONSISTING ONLY OF SEPTIC TAN(
AND GRAVITY N!T'RIFICATION LINES ARE EXEMPT FROM CLASSIFICATION.
SUBSURFACE CLASSIFICATION
(dock all units that apply)
1 septic tanks
2 pump tanks
3. spy or pump -dosing systems
4-sand filters
5grease trap/interceptor
6`_oil/water separators
7gravity subsurface treatment and disposal:
8. pressure subsurface treatment and disposal:
SPRAY IRRIGATION CLASSIFICATION
(check all units that apply)
1,__pretiminary treatment (definition no. 32 )
2lagoons
3septic tanks
4pump tanks
5Lpumps
6`_sand fitters
7grease trapinterceptor
8.oil/water separators
8disinfection
10._chemical addition for nutrient/algae control
11 _spray irrigation of wastewater
In addition to the above classifications. pretreatment of wastewater In excess of these components shell
be rated using the point rating system and will require an operator with an appropriate dual certification.
LAND APPLICATION/RESIDUALS CLASSIFICATION (Applies only to permit holder)
1. Land application of biosotids, residuals or contaminated soils on a designated site.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY CLASSIFICATION
The following systems shall be assigned a Class 1 classification, unt sn the flow is of a significant quantity or the technology is unusually
complex, to require consideration by the Commission on a case -by -case basis: (Check 1 Appropriate)
1.`Oiilwrater Separator Systems consisting only of physical separation, pumps and disposal:
2,_,,,_Septic Tank/Sand Filter Systems consisting only of septic tanks, dosing apparatus. pumps.sand fitters. dsinfection
and direct
3Lagon Systemsdischarge;
only of preliminary treatmer. lagoons. pumps, disinfection. necessary chemical treatment for
algae or nutrierd control, and aired discharge;
4. Closed -bop Recycle Systems;
5. Groundwater Remediation Systems consisting only of oil/water separators, pumps, air -stripping. carbon adsorption. disinfection
and disposal;
6.Aquacufture operations with discharge to surface wafers;
7_ Water Plant sludge handling and back -wash water treatment;
8. Seafood processing consisting of screening and disposal.
9`Single-family discharging systems. with the exception of Aerobic Treatment Units. will be classified it permitted after July 1.
1993 or if upon inspection by the Division, it is found that the system Is not being adequately operated or maintained. Such
systems will be ratified of the classification or reclassification by the Commission, in writing.

The following scale is used for rating wastewater treatment facilities: (circle appropriate points)
REM POINTS
(1) Industrial Pretreatment Units or Industrial Pretreatment Program (see definition No. 33) 4
(2) DESIGN FLOW OF PLANT IN gpd [not applicable to non -contaminated cooing waters. sludge handtirg facilitise for
water purification plants, totally closed cycle systems(see definition No. 11), and facilities consisting only of item
(4)(d) or hems (4)(d) and (11)(d)) 1
0 - 20.000
20.001 - 50.000 2.
50,001 - 100.000 3
100.001 - 250.000 .4
250.001 - 500,000 5
500.001 - 1,000,000 AB
1.000,001 - 2,000.000 10
2.000.001 (and up) rate 1 paint additional for each 200.000 gpd capacity up to a maximum pf 30
Design Flow (gpd)
(3) PREUMNARY UNITS/PROCESSES (see detinitlon No.32) 1
(a) Bs/Screens
Or 2
(b) Mechanical Screens. Static Screens or Comminuting Devices 1
(c) Grit Removal
or 2
(d) Mechanical or Aerated Grk Removal 1
(s) Flow Measuring Devtoe
Of 2
(1) Instrumented Flow Measurement 2
Preasatlon
(h) Irrtlusre Flow Equalization
(I) Grease or Oil Ssparatoa - Gavhy.N........ .. ......... _..... ......... ................N....N..............N...N.............. N....N2
Mechanical • 3
Dissolved Air Flotation 'e
(1) Predtbrfnalbn 5
(4) PRIMARY TREATMENT WITS/PROCESSES 2
(a) Septic Tank (see definition No. 43)....N.N. 2
(b) Imhoff Tank. ...... M..NN.•.. ....
(c) Primary Clarifiers 5
(d) Settling Ponds or Settling Tanks for Inorganic Non4oxk Materials (sludge fwtdllng facilities for water
purification plants. sand, gravel. stone, and other mining operation' except recreational activities such as gertpF' ,
or gold mining) ... ( 2
(5) SECONDARY TREATMENT INTS+PROCESSES
(a) Carbonaceous Stage 20
(I) Mration-High Purity Oxygen System .... .N... 10
Diffused Air System
Mechanical Air System (fixed. floating or rotor)N...M•.•-N.N........N.•.N.•.N..•..N.N...N...M.........5
Separate Skidgs Reaeratbn 3
(II) Trickling Riser
HighRate M•M•..N.N....... Noe •••.•..... ..•„...... N••M•N•.-.•MM 7
Standard Rate N..-......... ......... •.-- MNN•••
Packed Tower 5
(IU) Biological Aerated FUtar or Aerated Biological Filter NN.NMN.NM.NNN.M.....NN.-MN-NNN.MN.NN.10
(Iv) Mated Lagoons N. 10
(v) Rotating Biological Contactors 10
(vi) Sand Filters -intermittent biological. . 2
Recirculating btologlcal...N...N. ... ••.•-M.••M-••N--•.N.M.•.•-..•...•M3
(vil) Stabilization Lagoons .........NN.......N...-M... ...... N. M..NM.age •..•-M.•N-N.•••M•--NM 5
(v@1) Puffier N.....M.M..... •N•N•N...N.N.N•.•.N••.M.•••M. N• 5
(Ix) Single stage system for writhed carbonaceous removal d SOD and nitrogenous removal by
nitrification (see definition No. 12XPoints for tNs hem have to be N addition to kerns
(5)(a)(1) through (5)(a)(vlli). 2
utilizing the extended aeration process (see definition No.3a) N•-.NN-M.
utilizing other than the extended aeration process..................M...... N.•••NN.--N-.•M..•.•.M•N•••e
(x) Nutrient additions to enhance DOD removal ..... N......N• M..N ...... N.N.M•N•NN....... ...M...5
(xi) Biological Culture ('Super Bugsysdditbn N
.N-N.MNN•-M• •-NN-NM.MN•.•.N.•N-N•NN•N•M N.N.N.M
(b) nitrogenous Stage
(1) Mallon - High Purity Oxygen System..........-N.NNN.NMNN...N....M..MN...NN.N.NM-.N"20
Diffused Air System ..N...See N...N.N.M....... N••..N.N...N.N..NM.NM. 10
Mechanical Air System ((fixed, ftoating Or tutor)N..M.M....NN.,......NM.N...NN.N..M...N....N...N...A
Sspaate Sktdge Reneralion.N....N.N....N.N.N.NN-N.N•NN....NNNN.......N NO 3
el) Trickling Filter -High Rate* .MM-••NN.N.•......N•.NN.-.NN•.N...... N....-NN....� NM
Standard Rate..... ...... N.N..N.•.MN•-•N..•NM. NM*NON ..... NM•..-. SON. MM. ••N.......... 5
Packed Tower•.NM-N.MNM•.•.......-.-M-..... MN---- -0--- N- S
(ii) Bblogial Asatsd Altar or Mated Biological Flksr.MN-MN.NNM•NM-MN.MM•NMN..-NNMM••N.--M•10
(Iv) �R�otya�tin�g��Biological ,yContactors YM'.NN..........N•N.........MN.N.....N..N.......-N...... 10
(v) Sand • ....r - lnittent bblogical •N-•••••••••NM. N.NN. N••N N•N•N N•N-•N N-.N NN•••• 2
• Recirculating blologlcal.-...M.•.N•.-N...N-MNNN.-•NN.M-...-.......M.•.•M•.N••M-.•-••••NM-.--M•••N.....N•3
(v1) C M. •.••MN.NNNNN• NNN
•--• -.••... -•-.•M. •M .5
(6) TERTW;YORADVANCEDTREJITM•NTTWITSPEs
(a) Activated Carbon Beds -
without carbon regr�eneration..N.M-.M►N...M-N-•N.N..-.MNNM-.N.NN....NNNM•N...N.N.NMN..MN•..••-.-N-Nit
carbon n regene.Mbn.NNNwN.N-NN-wN•N.N•N-....NN•N•N-NM.N-M•N•N-•NNN.M•wMMM•MN•••A 5
(b) Powdered or Granular Actkated Carbon Fesd-
w"ylt`houtt/�carbon regert�e/ration.-..•...»NN.M.M.M..M.N..N-...N.N.MN.N..NM.....N•.NNMMMNNM-NNNNNS
w•lh ca.A•• r�Mr�M.N....NM-NN....•MN.•..••N•N•M•N•M•-NN••NNNNNM••MM•N•NN•M•N•NNN•NN•NN1 5
O) Air str ng M•N-N-MN•N.••-•NM•-•.N.N•NN.N-.M•N...N•.M•M-..NM..N.N.NN.N••NN.MN.N-.M....N..•NN•....-.•...... .......5
d) Bed
. n Process
N.N•N.•• N1 O
.) IC"/winddiafysIL••M-N•N•NNN•.-•M.••M•NMMM••N•N•NNNM M•M•N.• M•N•NM• M-M NM• N•M•N•MNM•M•N•NM•NN• NNW. NN•MN•OS
(f) • oam•��•.�_•s.OPIUMbn.•.NMMNN•N•M-N•N.•••••N•N•N•N-•N•NN.M.M•N•N•NNW.NN•-•N.NM••••NN•MNNM• .•••N•.NN-..N•N•N••M••*5
(g) ion MI•_.•MrtgeN-NM•-NM•••NM•NN•N. MVO* •NN•N••SOON. NN•NN•-MN•NN•MMNN•N••M-•N••NNNN•N•N-N•NN•N•NM••N••NN••NN•5
(h) Lard Application of Treated Effluent (see definition No. 2214 (not applicable for sand, gravel. stone
and Other similar mining operations) by high rate kdiftatbn.N.•.....•...•NN-..N•..M-•-N-..M...N•MN..MNN._.NN......N4
(1) Mkroscresns. _ M•••N ..,..,...... N•••N•••••• NN.5
NNNNM.•.•
(1) Phosphorous Removal by BBtotogtcal�Processes (See definition No. 25)...N.N•N.NNN.....NN-NNM..M..N.NN-N-..N- AA0
(k) Potlshing Ponds - without •,aerratlon..NN..N.NM MM .•..........2with asa1•_-�.•.•M•..-••-N..•-••NN.M•..N••NN•N.--•N•-NNN.......N..--M 5

(I) Post Aeration - cascade 0
diffused or mechanical 2
(m) Reverse Osmosis 5
(n) Sand or Mixed -Media Filters - low rate 2
high rate 5
(o) Treatment processes for removal of metal or cyanide 15
(p) treatment processes for removal of toxic materials other than metal or cyanide 15
(7) SU0GETREATP. 4T
(a) Sludge Digedion Tank - Heated (anaerobic) 10
Aerobic .5
Unhealed (anaerobic) .3
(b) Sludge Stabilization (chemical or thermal) .5
(c) Sludge Vacuum Assisteing d - Gravity5
(d) Sludge Elutrlatbn .5
(e) Sludge Conditioner (chemical or thermal) .5
(f) Sludge Thickener (gravity) 5
(g) Dissolved Air Flotation Unit [not applicable to a unit rated as (3)(I)) , 8
(h) Sludge Gas Utilization (including gas storage) 2
(I) Sludge Holding Tank - Aerated 5
Non -aerated 2
(j) Sludge incinerator (not Including activated carbon regeneration) 10
(k) Vacuum Filter. Centrifuge. or Fitter Press or other similar dewatering devices 10
(8) RESIDUALS UTILIZATION/DISPOSAL (including incinerated ash)
(a) Lagoons 2
(b) Land Application (surface and subsurface) (see definition 22a)
by contracting to a land application operator or landfill operator who holds the land application permit
or landfill permit 2
(c) Dedicated Landfill(burial) by the perntttee of the wastewater treatment facilhy...»......... »..... ................ ».»5
(9) DISIWECTEN
(a) Chlorination 5
(b) Dechbrination .5
(c) Ozone .5
(d) Radiation 5
(10) CHEMICAL ADDITION SYSTEM(S) ( see definition No. 9) not applicable to chemical additions rated as Item (3)(j).
(5)(a)(xI). (6)(a). (6)(b). (7)(b). (7)(e). (ea). (9)(b) or (9)(c) 5 points each:
Ust .5
.5
.5
5
(11) MISCELLANEOUS UNITSCRCCESSES
(a) Holding Ponds. Holding Tanks or Settling Ponds for Organic or Toxic Materials Inducting wastes from mining
operations containing nitrogen or phosphorus compounds In amounts significantly greater than Is common
for domestic wastewater .4
(b) Effluent Flow Equalization (not applicable to storage basins which are inherent in land application systems)--2
(c) Stage Discharge (not applicable to storage basins inherent in land application systems)»».»».»».»».»»...».....5
(d) Pumps ........»...». 3
(e) Stand -By Power Supply ... 3
(f) Thermal Poliutbn Cowered Device.3
TOTAL POINTS...... ..................»»....
CLASSFICAIM
Claes I ... 5-25 Points
Class II .....26.50 Points
Gass tl .. ». ... 51.65 Points
Paoli/...............»............».......»...66-Up Poises
Facilities having a rating of one trough four points. Inclusive. do not require a certified operator.
Facilities having an activated sludge process wil be assigned a minimum classification of Class IL
Facilities having treatment processes for the removal of metal or cyanide will be assigned a minimum classification of Class II.
Facilities having treatment processes for the biological removal of phosphorus will be assigned a minimum classification of Class 111.
.0004 DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shad apply throughout this Subchapter. •
(1) Activated Carbon Beds. A physkaVchemlcai method for reducing soluble organic material from wastewater effluent; The column -type beds used In this
method will have a flow rate varying from two to sigh gallons per minute per square foot and may be either upflow or downflow carbon beds. Carbon may or
may not be regenerated on the wastewater treatment plant site;
(2) Aerated Lagoons. A basin in which a1I solids are maintained in suspension and by which biological oxidation or organic matter is reduced through artificially
accelerated transfer of oxygen on a flow -through basis;
(3) Aeration. A process of bringing about intimate contact between air or high purity oxygen in a (quid by spraying. agitation or dffuslon (3a) Extended
Aeration. An activated sludge process utilizing a minimum hydraulic detention tiros of 18 hours.
(4) Agricuburaly managed site. Any site on which a crop la produced. managed, and harvested (Crop !reticles grasses. grains. treas. etc.);
(5) Air Stripping. A process by which the ammonium ion is first converted to dissolved ammonia (pH adjustment) with the ammonia then released to the
atmosphere by physical means; or other similar processes which remove petroleum products such as bsr¢ens. toluene. and xylsns;
( C r n Regeneration. The regeneration of exhausted carbon by the use of a furnace to provide extremely high temperatures which volatilize and oxidize the
abso(7) Carbonaceous Stagef. A stage of wastewater treatrnerd designed to acNevs 'secondary effluent knits;
(8) Centrifuge. A mechanical device in which centrifugal fora is used to separate solids from liquids or to separate liquids of different dansides;
(2) Chemical Addition aalka bi control. etc.; eccapability to experiment with difms- The addition of ferent to wastewater at an chsmicals and afferent
application paolnt for purposes d l a specific
solids removal. nH dered one
sty apptkatbn points to achieve a apectlic result will be considered one
system; the capability to add chemtcat(s) to dual units will be rated as one system; capability to add a chemical at a different application points for different
purposes wig result in the ems being rated as separate systems;
Chemical Sludge Conditioning. The adddien of a chemical compound such as Urns. tonic chloride. or a polymer to wet sludge to coabescs the mass prior to
its application to a dewatering device;
(11) Closed Cycle Systems. Use of holding ponds or holding tanks for containment of wastewater containing inorganic. non -toxic materials from sand. gravel.
crushed stone or other similar operations. Such systems shalt carry a maximum of two points regardless of pumping facilities or any other appurtenances;
(12) Combined Removal of Carbonaceous B00 and Nitrogenous Removal by Mtrllfcatbn- A single stage system required to achieve porn* effluent limits on SOD
and ammonia nitrogen witNn the sane biological reactor
(13) DecNorfnatbn. The partial or completer reduction of residual cNortns in a liquid by any chemical or physical process;
(14) Denitrtficatbn Process. TM conversion of nhrato-nitrogen to nitrogen gas;

(15) Electrodalysis. Process for removing ionized sale horn water through the use of on -selective ion -exchange membranes;
(16) Filter Press. A process operated mechanically for partially dswatering sludge;
(17) Foam Separation. The planned frothing of wastewater or wastewater effluent as a means of removing excessive amounts of detergers materials through
the introduction of air in the form of fine bubbles; also called foam iractionation;
(18) Grit Removal. The process of removing gd and other heavy mineral matter from wastewater;
(19) Imhoff Tank A deep two story wastewater tank consisting of an upper ssdtmersation chamber and a lower sludge digestion chamber.
(20) instrumented Flow Measurement. A device which Indicates and records rate of flow;
(21) ion Exchange. A chemical process in which ions from two different molecules are exchanged;
(22) Land application:
(a) Sludge Disposal. A final sludge disposal method by which wet studge may be applied to land either by spraying on the surface or by subsurface injection
(Le., chisel plow); (not applicable for types of sludge described in (11) of this Rule);
(b) Treated Effluent. The process of spraying treated wastewater onto a land area or other methods of application of weal water.onto a tend area as a
means of final disposal or treatment;
(23) Microscresn. A low speed. continuously back -washed. rotating drum filter operating under gravity conditions as a polishing method for removing
suspended solids from sfllusrt;
(24) Nltrflication Process. The biochemical conversion of unoxidlzsd nitrogen (ammonia and organic nitrogen) to oxidized nitrogen (usually nitrate);
(25) Nitrogenous Stage. A separate stage of wastewater treatment designed for the specific purpose d converting ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen;
(26) Phosphate Removal, Biological. The removal of phosphorus from wastewater by an oxictanoxic process designed to enhance luxury uptake of phosphorus
by the microorganisms;
(27) Polishing Pond. A holdr%g pond following secondary treatment with sufficient detention time to allow settling of finely suspended solids;
(28) Post Mratbn. Aeration following conventional secondary treatment units to increase effluents D.O. or for any other purpose;
(29) Post Aeration. (Cascade) A polishing method by which dissolved oxygen is added to the effluent by a nonmechanical. gravity means of flowing down a
series of steps or weirs; The flow occurring across the steps or weirs moves in a fairy thin layer and the operation of the cascade requires no operator
adjustment; thus. zero points are assigned even though this is an essential step to meeting the timlts of the discharge permit;
(30) Powdered to Granular Activated Carbon Feed. A biophysical carbon process that utilizes biological activity and organic absorption by using powdered or
granular activated carbon; Virgin or regenerated carbon is feed controlled Into the system;
(31) Preasratbn. A tank constructed to provide aeration prior to primary treatment;
(32) Preliminary Units. Unit operations in the treatment process. such as screening and comminution. that prepare the bquor for subsequent major operations;
(33) industrial Pretreatment.
(a) Pre-treatment Unit. Industrial. The conditioning of a waste at its source betore discharge. to remove or to neutralize substaress injurious to sewers and
treatment processes or to effect a partial reduction In load on the treatment process which is operated by the same governing body as the wastewater
treatment plant being rated;
b) Prs.trsatment Program, Industrial - must be a State or EPA required program to receive points on the rating sheet;
(34) Primary Ciartfiers. The first settling tanks through which wastewater is passed in a treatment works for the purpose of removing settleable and suspended
solids and BOD which Is associated with the solids;
(35) Pumps. Ali lydtusnt. effluent and in -plant pumps;
(36) Radiation Disinfection or sterilization process utilizing devices emitting ultraviolet or gamma rays;
(37) Reverse Osmosis. A treatment process in which a heavy contarntnatsd liquid is pressurized through a membrane forming nutty pure liquid free from
suspended solids;
(38) Rotating Biological Contractors. A fixed biological growth process In which wastewater flows through tanks in which a series of partially submerged circular
surfaces are rotated;
(39) Sand Filters:
(a) tntermMent Blobgicat. Filtration of effluent following septic tanks. lagoons. or some other treatment process in which further bbdecomposnbn is
expected to produce desired effluents; Hydraulic boding rates on these filters are computed in gpd/ac and have a resulting low gpm/sf (less than one);
b) Recirculating biological - the sane type of sand fitter as defined in Subparagraph (39) (a) of this Rule wish the added capability to recycle effluent back
through the sand filter.
(40) Sand or Mixed -Media Filters. A polishing process by which effluent limits are achieved through a further reduction of suspended solids;
(a) low ate — gravity. hydraulically loaded finer with loading rates in the one to three gpmvsf range;
(b) high rats — a pressure, hydraulically loaded finer with baring rates to the five gpmlsf range; At any ate. the loading ate will exceed three awed;
(41) Secondary Clarifiers. A tank which follows the biological unit of treatment plant and which has the purpose of removing sludges associated with the
biological treatment units;
(42) Separate Sludge Reasration. A part of the contact stabilization process where the activated sludge is transferred to a tank and aerated before returning 1
to the contact basin;
(43) Septic Tank. A single -story settling tank In which settled sludge is in contact with the wastewater flowing through the tank; shall not be applicable for
septic tanksystems serving single family residences having capacity of 2.000 gallons or less which discharge to a nkrlficatbn field;
(44) Sludge igestion. The process by which organic or volatile matter and sludge Is gasified, liquefied. mineralized or converted into mom stable organic matter
through the activity of Ruing organisms, which includes aerated holding tanks;
(45) Sludge Drying Beds. An area comprising natural or artificial layers of porous materials upon which digested sewage sludge is dried by drainage and
evaporation;
(46) Sludge Elutrtatbn. A process of sludge nondhbning In which certain constituents am unmoved by successive washings with fresh water or plant effluent;
(47) Sludge Gas Utilization. The process of using sewage gas for the purpose of heating buildings. diving engines. etc.;
(48) Sludge Holding Tank (Aerated and Nonaerated). A tank utilized for smaf{ wastewater treatment plants not containing a digester In which sludge may be
kept fresh. and supernatant withdrawn prior to a drying method (i.e. sludge drying beds); This may be done by adding a small amount of air simply to keep the
sludge fresh. but not necessarily an amount that would be required to achieve stabilization of organic matter. A nonaerated tank would singly be used to
decant sludge prior to dewatering and would not allow long periods (several days of detention) without resulting odor problems;
(49) Sludge Incinerators. A furnace designed to bum sludge and to remove all moisture and combustible materials and reduce the sludge to a sterile ash;
(50) Sludge Stabilization (Chemical or Thermal). A process to make treated sludge less odorous and putrescibis, and to reduce the pathogenic organism
content; This may be done by pH adjustment. chlorine dosing. or by heat treatment;
(51) Sludge TNc kensr. A type of sedimentation tank to which the sludge Is permitted es settle and thicken through agitation and gavtty;
(52) Stabilization Lagoon. A type of oxidation lagoon In which biological oxidation of organic matter is effected by natural transfer of oxygen to the water from
sir (not a polishing pond);
(53) Stand -By Power Supply. On site or portable electrical generating equipment;
(54) Static Screens. A stationary screen designed to remove solids. Including ran-bbdegadabb particulate (floatabie solids suspended solids and BOD
reduction) from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment systems;
(55) Tertiary Treatment. A stage oftreatment following secondary which is primarily for the purpose of effluent polishing; A settling lagoon or sand or coal filter
might be employed for this purpose;
(66) Thermal Poltution Control Device. A device providing for the transfer of hest from a fluid flowing In tubas to another fluid outside the tubes. or vice versa;
or other means of regulatl g liquid temperatures;
(67) Thermal Sludge Condtbner. A condltbning process by which heat is added for a protracted period of dme to improve the dewatsrabiitty of sludge by the
sohnbltizing and hydrauttzing of the smaller and mare Nghy hydrated sludge panicles;
(58) Toxic Materials. Those wastes or combinations of wastes, Including disease -causing agents which after discharge and upon exposure. kgestbm inhalation
or assimilation into any organism, either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, s, will cause death. disease. behavioral
abnormalities. cancer, genetic mutations. physbbglcal maffunctbns (including malfunctions In reproduction) or physical deformatbns. M such organisms or their
offspring; Toxic o hated biphenyl (PCy CBBs and dkhbrodlphenyf tricNoroethane (DDT)of Mutilation and not Walton: lead. ; and any other mated dui vanahave may hereafter be determined to have
(ONCE). polychlorinated biphenyl' (
toxic properties;
(59) Trickling Filter. A biological treatmert unit consisting of a material such as broken stone or rock over aMich wastewater is distrbuted; A high rate trickling
filter is one winch operated at between 10 and 30 mgd per acre. A low rate tdckling fitter k one which is designed to operate at one to four mgd per acre;
(60) Trkiding Filter (Packed Tower). A plug flow We of opeatbn in Mich wastewater flows down through successive layers filtrate material; Organic
material Is removed corthually by the actkrs bolo fixed growth in each successive Layer. This methodh produce
roduce'se quality effluent. or may be
adapted to produce a nitrified • uent;
(61) Vacuum Filter. Cerdrf[uges. or Filler Presses Devices which are designed to remove excess water from either digested or undigested sludge prior to disposal
or further trsatmart.