20171158 Ver 1_Year 2 Monitoring Report_2021_20220114

ID#* 20171158
Select Reviewer:
Erin Davis
Initial Review Completed Date 01/14/2022
Mitigation Project Submittal - 1/14/2022
Version* 1
Is this a Prospectus, Technical Proposal or a New Site?*
Type of Mitigation Project:*
Stream Wetlands Buffer Nutrient Offset
(Select all that apply)
Project Contact Information
Contact Name:*
Warren Wilson College
Project Information
ID#:* 20171158
Existing ID#
Project Type: • DMS Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Warren Wilson College
County: Buncombe
Document Information
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Email Address:*
[e-mail]
Version:* 1
Existing Version
Mitigation Document Type:*
Mitigation Monitoring Report
File Upload: WarrenWilson_100019_MY2_2021.pdf 15.37MB
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Print Name:* Paul Wiesner
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FINAL
MONITORING REPORT (MY2)
WARREN WILSON COLLEGE STREAM MITIGATION SITE
Buncombe County, North Carolina
NCDMS Project ID No. 100019
Full Delivery Contract No. 7188
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2017-01557
NCDWR No. 20171158
RFP No. 16-006991 (Issued: 9/16/16)
French Broad River Basin
Cataloging Unit 06010105
Data Collection: January - October 2021
Submission: January 2022
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF MITIGATION SERVICES
1652 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-1652

Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes St. Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina
Ph: [phone]
Fx: [phone]
Response to Monitoring Year 2 (2021) DMS Comments
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site
French Broad River Basin — CU# 06010105— Buncombe County
DMS Project ID No. 100019
Contract # 7188
Comments Received (Black Text) & Responses (Blue Text)
Section 1.3 Project Components and Structure: In the report text, please note that the conservation easement
and plat modifications were completed and recorded in 2021
Response: This statement was added to the end of the easement modification discussion.
Table 5 (A-G) & Table 6 - Please include the date that the project was visually assessed at the top of each table.
This was an IRT request at the 2021 credit release meeting.
Response: Assessment dates were added to the headers of Tables 5 and 6.
Cross Sections (All): MY1 (2020) cross section data was collected in October 2020 and MY2 (2021) cross section
data was collected in April 2021. DMS recommends collecting cross section data later in the growing season to
better capture stream conditions in the applicable monitoring year. Data collection efforts should be conducted
consistently from year to year to provide uniform monitoring data through the monitoring term.
Response: Understood. Historically, RS and Axiom have conducted cross section survey monitoring for MY 2 six
to eight months after MY 1 data collection so that yearly cross sections survey efforts are completed in the
spring to minimize the amount of cut/damaged vegetation to the stream -side plantings. Cross section data from
the spring is then compared from the previous monitoring year to ensure no instability has developed during
winter and early spring storms. That same data is used as a benchmark for visual monitoring during the summer
and fall to confirm stream stability throughout the subject monitoring year. If visual observations indicate
erosion has occurred during the monitoring year, subject cross sections are re -surveyed in the fall. This approach
allows us to review data early in the monitoring season and, if needed, prepare a remedial action plan to address
stream stability issues ahead of the yearly monitoring report submittal. Moving forward, cross section
monitoring will occur in the spring and will be consistent from year to year.
4. Cross Section (Warren Wilson, UT 3, XS - 8, Pool): This cross section highlights survey points from MY1 (2020).
Please update the highlighted survey points to MY2 (2021).
Response: The highlighted survey points have been switched to MY2 (2021).
Appendix F - Preconstruction Wetland Hydrology Data: Figure 3 was corrupted in the draft .pdf report received.
Please review and confirm there are no issues with the figure or final .pdf report. Please also optimize/ reduce
the final report .pdf file size (if possible).
Response: The PDF was checked, and no issues were found. Additionally, the file size was reduced from —126M B
to —15MB.
6. Digital Support File Comments: None
1101 Haynes St., Suite 211 • Raleigh, NC 27604 • www.restorationsystems.com • Ph 919.755.9490 • Fx 919.755.9492

WWC Year 2, 2021 Monitoring Summary
General Notes
• No encroachment was identified in Year 2.
• No evidence of nuisance animal activity (i.e., beaver, heavy deer browsing, etc.) was observed.
During the initial DMS as -built review, it was discovered that several culvert pipes extend into the
recorded conservation easement. Once the encroachments were located and documented via GPS,
easement modifications were initiated to remove any crossing materials from the conservation easement.
Creditable stream removed from the easement were also removed from mitigation assets. A mitigation
plan addendum for the reduction in project credit was submitted to the IRT as part of the MYO/ As -Built
Baseline Monitoring Report review and was approved by the IRT via email on October 5, 2020. The
conservation easement and plat modifications were completed and recorded in 2021.
Streams
• Stream monitoring show that all stream channels and structures are stable.
Wetlands
• Based on groundwater gauge data, wetland hydrology improved from year 1 (2020) to year 2
(2021). Ten out of ten gauges displayed hydroperiods greater than 10% of the growing season
during year 2 (2021); however, no wetland mitigation credit is being generated.
Vegetation
• Measurements of the 25 permanent vegetation plots resulted in an average of 542 stems/acre
excluding livestakes. All plots met success criteria except plots 1, 11, 13, and 25 (Tables 8-10,
Appendix C). Plots 1 and 13 easily meet success criteria when taking American sycamore natural
recruits into consideration. Additionally, a temporary transect was done adjacent to plot 13 and
met success criteria with 567 stems/acre. The plot 25 area was sprayed with an herbicide to control
invasive multiflora rose which likely resulted in tree mortality. Plot 11 is in a wetland area adjacent
to Gauge 8 that was meeting wetland success for 198 consecutive days. This area may need
additional planting of a more wet tolerant species and IRS will continue to evaluate this area during
MY3 (2022) monitoring. Year 2 (2021) vegetation measurements also included 3 random sampling
transects. Measurements of all 28 plots resulted in a sitewide average of 553 planted stems/acre
excluding livestakes.
Site Maintenance Report (2021)
Invasive Species Work
Maintenance work
5/24/2021-5/27/2021,9/29-10/1/2021
Japanese Bittersweet, Parrot Feather, Privet,
n/a
Multiflora Rose, Cattail, Air Potato,
Honeysuckle, Japanese Knotweed, English Ivy
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Executive Summary
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

Site Permitting/Monitoring Activity and Reporting History
Activity or Deliverable
Data Collection
Complete
Completion
or Delivery
RFP No. 16-006991 Issuance Date
September 16, 2016
RFP No. 16-006991 Opening Date
February 15, 2017
Institution Date (NCDMS Contract No. 100014)
May 22, 2017
Mitigation Plan
March 2018
November 2018
Construction Plans
January 10, 2020
404 Permit
May 13, 2019
Site Construction
March 4, 2020
Planting
March 16, 2020
As -built Baseline Monitoring (MYO)
January -March 2020
August 2020
Annual Monitoring (MY1)
November 2020
January 2021
Annual Monitoring (MY2)
October 2021
January 2022

FINAL
MONITORING REPORT (MY2)
WARREN WILSON COLLEGE STREAM MITIGATION SITE
Buncombe County, North Carolina
NCDMS Project ID No. 100019
Full Delivery Contract No. 7188
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2017-01557
NCDWR No. 20171158
RFP No. 16-006991 (Issued: 9/16/16)
French Broad River Basin
Cataloging Unit 06010105
Data Collection: January - October 2021
Submission: January 2022
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF MITIGATION SERVICES
1652 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-1652
Prepared by:
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Contact: Worth Creech
919-755-9490 (phone)
919-755-9492 (fax)
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
218 Snow Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Contact: Grant Lewis
919-215-1693 (phone)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PROJECT SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Goals & Objectives..................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Project Background.............................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Project Components and Structure....................................................................................................................3
1.4 Success Criteria...................................................................................................................................................4
2.0 METHODS........................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Monitoring..........................................................................................................................................................6
3.0 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................................8
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Background Map and Tables
Figure 1. Project Location
Table 1. Project Components and Mitigation Units
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Table 4. Project Attributes Table
Appendix B. Visual Assessment Data
Figures 2 & 2A-2E. Current Conditions Plan View
Tables 5A-5G. Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment
Table 6. Vegetation Condition Assessment
Vegetation Plot Photographs
Appendix C. Vegetation Data
Table 7. Planted Bare Root Woody Vegetation
Table 8. Total Stems by Plot and Species
Table 9. Temporary Vegetation Plot Data
Table 10. Planted Vegetation Totals
Appendix D. Stream Geomorphology Data
Tables 11A-I. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Tables 12A-I. Baseline Stream Data Summary (Substrate, Bed, Bank, and Hydrologic Containment
Parameter Distributions)
Tables 13A-I. Monitoring Data -Dimensional Morphology Summary (Dimensional Parameters -Cross -
sections)
Tables 14A-I. Monitoring Data -Stream Reach Data Summary
Cross-section Plots
Appendix E. Hydrology Data
Tables 15A-C. Channel Evidence
Stream Gauge Graphs
Table 16. Verification of Bankfull Events
Table 17A-B. Groundwater Hydrology Data
Groundwater Gauge Graphs
Bud Burst Documentation Photographs
Figure E-1. Year 2 (2021) Soil Temperature Data
Appendix F. Preconstruction Wetland Hydrology Data
Figure 3. Preconstruction Gauge Locations
Table 18. Preconstruction Groundwater Gauge Data Summary
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Table of Contents
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

1.0 PROJECT SUMMARY
Restoration Systems, LLC has established the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS)
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site (Site).
1.1 Project Goals & Objectives
Stressors documented in the French Broad River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP) report (NCEEP 2009)
include habitat degradation, poor riparian buffers, nutrient enrichment, channelization, sedimentation,
and toxicity primarily attributed to urban and residential runoff and development.
Within the Site, stressors prior to construction could further be attributed to soil instability, increased
runoff, and water quality impairments in the receiving watersheds. The project is not located in a Regional
or Local Watershed Planning Area; however, the RBRP goals outlined below are addressed by project
activities as follows (Site -specific information follows each RBRP goal in parentheses).
1. Reduce sediment inputs (based on the sediment model, Site construction eliminates
approximately 228 tons per year [tons/year] of sediment that resulted from streambank
erosion, excessive fines from channel straightening, channel incision, lack of cobble substrate
in disturbed reaches, and a narrow or absent riparian buffer)
2. Reduce nutrient inputs (based on the nutrient model, Site construction eliminates 657.4 pounds
per year [Ibs/yr] of nitrogen and 54.5 Ibs/yr of phosphorus due to the installation of marsh
treatment areas, removal of preconstruction land uses and livestock, and elimination of
fertilizer application)
3. Restore riparian buffers (removal of preconstruction land uses and livestock, control of invasive
species, and approximately 19.6 acres of woody riparian buffers were planted adjacent to
streams)
4. Stabilize streambanks (restored stable channels at the historic floodplain elevation, and
enhanced oversized and incised channels by raising the stream invert and using grade
control/habitat structures)
5. Restore and/or protect aquatic habitat (restored aquatic habitat in restoration and
enhancement [Level 1] reaches by installing grade control/habitat structures, coarsening
channel bed materials, removing nutrient inputs, and planting woody riparian buffers to
provide shade and organic matter to streams)
6. Reduce fecal coliform inputs (based on the nutrient model, Site construction eliminates 31.2 x
1011 colonies [col] of fecal coliform per day by removing preconstruction land uses and
livestock and treating agricultural runoff with marsh treatment areas)
7. Implement agricultural best management practices (BMPs) (the easement is fenced to
eliminated livestock from accessing the easement and marsh treatment areas were installed).
Site specific mitigation goals and objectives were developed through the use of North Carolina Stream
Assessment Method (NC SAM) analyses of preconstruction and reference stream systems at the Site (NC
SFAT 2015) (see Table 1).
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 1
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

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1.2 Project Background
The Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site (hereafter referred to as the "Site") encompasses a
25.3-acre easement (post 2021 easement modification) along cold -water, unnamed tributaries (UTs) to
the Swannanoa River. Warren Wilson College occupies approximately 1200 acres, and the Site is part of
an actively managed farm and forest system on the Warren Wilson College property that includes
livestock management areas, pastureland, agricultural row crops, and a sustainably managed forest. The
Site is located approximately 2 miles west of Swannanoa and 5 miles east of Asheville in Buncombe
County, North Carolina (Figure 1, Appendix A).
Prior to construction, the Site consisted of agricultural and managed forest land accessible to livestock.
Site streams were part of an actively managed farm and forest system that included livestock,
pastureland, agricultural row crops, and sustainable forest management. Streams were eroded vertically
and laterally, received extensive sediment and nutrient inputs, and were dredged and straightened and/or
rerouted to the floodplain edge. Preconstruction Site conditions resulted in degraded water quality, a loss
of aquatic habitat, reduced nutrient and sediment retention, and unstable channel characteristics (loss of
horizontal flow vectors that maintain pools and an increase in erosive forces to channel bed and banks).
Site restoration activities restored riffle -pool morphology, aided in energy dissipation, increased aquatic
habitat, stabilized channel banks, and greatly reduced sediment loss from channel banks.
Preconstruction Groundwater Gauges:
Preconstruction groundwater gauges were installed along UT-3 upper (Clingman's) upon the request of
IRT members to model pre -construction wetland characteristics. Data was collected for 2018 and the
beginning of 2019 within gauges nested in transects perpendicular to the existing channel. In addition, a
crest gauge along the existing incised reach was installed to measure overbank events.
Results of preconstruction gauge data, included in Table 12 (Appendix F, indicate that gauges near the
incised stream showed reduced hydroperiod as compared to those further from the channel. 2018
exhibited normal rainfall patterns, and one gauge appeared to meet jurisdictional criteria based on
groundwater level being within 12 inches of the surface for 12.5% of the growing season (26 days, based
on the NRCS growing season of April 2 to November 1). 2019 exhibited wetter than average rainfall
patterns, and six gauges appeared to meet the same jurisdictional criteria. In addition, the crest gauge
installed on UT-3 showed no overbank events during 2018 and one during 2019 after a 4.56-inch rainfall.
1.3 Project Components and Structure
Proposed Site restoration activities generated 10,050.933 Stream Mitigation Units (SMUs — post 2021
easement modification) as the result of the following.
• Restored 9220 linear feet of perennial stream channel by constructing stable streams in the
historic floodplain location and elevation.
• Enhanced (Level 1) 62 linear feet of stream by installing in -stream structures, providing proper
channel dimension and appropriate floodplain width, reducing shear on eroding banks,
controlling invasive species within the riparian area, and planting with native riparian vegetation.
• Enhanced (Level 11) 1974 linear feet of stream channel by removing current land use practices,
controlling invasive species within the riparian area, and planting native vegetation.
Additional activities that occurred at the Site included the following.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 3
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

• Installation of four marsh treatment areas to treat stormwater runoff before it enters Site
streams.
• Established a minimum 30-foot-wide woody riparian buffer adjacent to Site streams,
• Fenced the conservation easement boundaries in areas used for livestock management.
• Protected the Site in perpetuity with a conservation easement.
Deviations from the construction plans included the modifications of two grade control structures. A log
vane structure along the lower portion of reach UT-613 was constructed with boulders in order to
accommodate the culverted crossing just upstream. Additionally, a vane arm was removed from a log
vane along the upper portion of reach UT-7A in order to avoid the destruction of a mature black walnut
tree. The log sill was constructed as designed and is holding grade. These changes are depicted on the As -
built Plan Sheets (Appendix E). Also, HDPE pipe was replaced with corrugated metal pipe throughout the
project at the request of USFWS.
Additionally, during the initial DMS as -built review, it was discovered that several culvert pipes extend
into the recorded conservation easement. Once the encroachments were located and documented via
GPS, easement modifications were initiated to remove any crossing materials from the conservation
easement. Creditable stream removed from the easement were also removed from mitigation assets. A
mitigation plan addendum for the reduction in project credit was submitted to the IRT as part of the MYO/
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report review and was approved by the IRT via email on October 5, 2020.
The conservation easement and plat modifications were completed and recorded in 2021.
Site design was completed on January 10, 2020. Construction started on September 1, 2019 and ended
within a final walkthrough on March 4, 2020. Site planting was completed on March 16, 2020. Completed
project activities, reporting history, completion dates, project contacts, and background information are
summarized in Tables 1-4 (Appendix A).
1.4 Success Criteria
Project success criteria have been established per the October 24, 2016 NC Interagency Review Team
Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update. Monitoring and success
criteria relate to project goals and objectives. From a mitigation perspective, several of the goals and
objectives are assumed to be functionally elevated by restoration activities without direct measurement.
Other goals and objectives will be considered successful upon achieving success criteria. The following
table summarizes Site success criteria.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 4
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

Success Criteria
Streams
•
All streams must maintain an Ordinary High -Water Mark (OHWM), per RGL 05-05.
•
Continuous surface flow must be documented each year for at least 30 consecutive days.
•
Bank height ratio (BHR) cannot exceed 1.2 at any measured cross-section.
•
Entrenchment ratio (ER) must be no less than 2.2 for E- and C-type channels at any measured riffle cross-
section.
•
BHR and ER at any measure riffle cross-section should not change by more than 10%from baseline condition
during any given monitoring period.
•
The stream project shall remain stable and all other performance standards shall be met through four
separate bankfull events, occurring in separate years, during the monitoring years 1-7.
Wetland Hydrology
•
Groundwater gauge data will be used to observe fluctuations in groundwater hydrology pre- and
postconstruction as the result of overbank events; however, no wetland mitigation credit is being acquired
and there are no wetland hydrology success criteria proposed at this time.
•
Jurisdictional wetland adjacent to UT-3 will demonstrate a 10 to 20% increase in wetland hydrology as
compared to pre -construction hydrology, under similar climactic conditions.
Vegetation
•
Within planted portions of the site, a minimum of 320 stems per acre must be present at year 3; a minimum
of 260 stems per acre must be present at year 5; and a minimum of 210 stems per acre must be present at
year 7.
• Areas of dense river cane (canebrakes) are a natural niche habitat within the Swannanoa River floodplain
that contribute native habitat for endangered species. River cane may outcompete woody seedlings
during the initial establishment of vegetation. Within the Swannanoa floodplain (UT-6, UT-7, and UT-S),
the presence of canebrakes may supersede the vegetative success criteria for planted stems per acre.
•
Trees must average 6 feet in height at year 5, and S feet in height at year 7 in each plot.
•
Planted and volunteer stems are counted, provided they are included in the approved planting list for the
site; natural recruits not on the planting list may be considered by the IRT on a case -by -case basis.
2.0 METHODS
Monitoring requirements and success criteria outlined in this plan follow the October 24, 2016 NC
Interagency Review Team Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update.
Monitoring will be conducted by Axiom Environmental, Inc. Annual monitoring reports of the data
collected will be submitted to the NCDMS by Restoration Systems no later than December 1 of each
monitoring year data is collected. The monitoring schedule is summarized in the following table.
Monitoring Schedule
Resource
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Streams
X
X
X
X
X
Wetlands
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Vegetation
X
X
X
X
X
Visual Assessment
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Report Submittal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site
Buncombe County, North Carolina
page 5
Restoration Systems, LLC
January 2022

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Stream Summary
All streams are functioning as designed, and no stream areas of concern were observed during year 2
(2021) monitoring. Stream morphology data is available in Appendix D.
Wetland Summary
Summary of Monitoring Period/Hvdrologv Success Criteria by Year
Soil Temperatures/Date Bud
Monitoring Period Used for
10 Percent of
Year
Burst Documented
Determining Success
Monitoring Period
2020 (Year 1)
March 16, 2020*
March 16-November 1
23 days
(231 days)
2021 (Year 2)
April 6, 2021**
April 6-November 12
22 days
(221 days)
*Based on observed/documented bud burst and data collected from a soil temperature data logger located on the Site (Figure E-
1, Appendix E).
** During year 1, the growing season was determined based the Soil Survey of Buncombe County (April 2 — November 1) and
onsite bud burst documentation. However, based on a 2021 discussion with the IRT, concern arose that the Soil Survey growing
season does not accurately represent the current growing season end date. As a result, the growing season methodology was
changed to use the most current WETS (USDA 2021) data to determine the growing season end date.
Overall, based on groundwater gauge data, wetland hydrology improved from year 1 (2020) and pre -
construction conditions to year 2 (2021). Gauges 1— 9 were inundated for 90% of the growing season and
gauge 10 was inundated for 28% of the growing season (Table 17, Appendix Q.
Vegetation Summary
During quantitative vegetation sampling, 25 sample plots (10-meter by 10-meter) were installed within
the Site as per guidelines established in CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation, Version 4.2 (Lee et al.
2008). Year 2 (2021) vegetation measurements occurred August 5-6, 2021 and included 3 additional
random sample plots (two 25-meter by 4-meter and one 50-meter by 2-meter). Measurements of all 28
plots resulted in an average of 553 planted stems/acre excluding livestakes. Additionally, all individual
plots met success criteria except plots 1, 11, 13, and 25 (Tables 8-10, Appendix C). Plots 1 and 13 easily
meet success criteria when taking American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) natural recruits into
consideration. Additionally, a temporary transect was sampled adjacent to plot 13 and easily met success
criteria with 567 stems/acre. The area surrounding plot 25 was treated with an herbicide spray to control
invasive multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) which likely resulted in tree mortality. Plot 11 is in a wetland
area adjacent to Gauge 8 that was meeting wetland success 198 consecutive days. This area may need
additional planting of a more wet tolerant species. RS will continue to evaluate this area during MY3
(2022) monitoring; however, no supplemental planting is currently proposed.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 7
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

3.0 REFERENCES
Griffith, G.E., J.M. Omernik, J.A. Comstock, M.P. Schafale, W.H. McNab, D.R. Lenat, T.F. MacPherson, J.B.
Glover, and V.B. Shelbourne. 2002. Ecoregions of North Carolina and South Carolina. U.S.
Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Lee, M.T., R.K. Peet, S.D. Roberts, and T.R. Wentworth. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation.
Version 4.2. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecosystem
Enhancement Program. Raleigh, North Carolina.
North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS). 2014. Stream and Wetland Mitigation Monitoring
Guidelines. North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Raleigh, North Carolina.
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP), 2009. French Broad River Basin Restoration
Priorities 2009 (online). Available at:
https://ncdenr.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/PublicFolder/Work%20With/Watershed%2OPlann
ers/French Broad RBRP 15july09.pdf [June 1, 2016]. North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, Raleigh.
North Carolina Stream Functional Assessment Team. (NC SFAT 2015). N.C. Stream Assessment Method
(NC SAM) User Manual. Version 2.1.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina: Third
Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, North
Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Simon A, Hupp CR. 1986. Geomorphic and Vegetative Recovery Processes Along Modified Tennessee
Streams: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Disturbed Fluvial Systems. Forest Hydrology and
Watershed Management. IAHS-AISH Publ.167.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2016. Web Soil Survey (online). Available:
http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx [August 2016].
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2009. Soil Survey for Buncombe County North Carolina.
US Department of Agriculture. Available at:
http://www.nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE MANUSCRIPTS/north carolina/buncombeNC2009/Bun
combe NC.pdf [June 7, 2016].
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2021. Natural Resources Conservation Service National
Weather and Climate Center. AgACIS Climate Data. Asheville WETS Station (online). Available
http://agacis.rcc-acis.org
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) page 8
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

Appendix A
Background Map and Tables
Figure 1. Project Location
Table 1. Mitigation Assets and Components
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Table 4. Project Attributes Table
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

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Table 1 (continued). Project Credits
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Stream
Riparian Wetland
Non -Rip
Coastal
Restoration Level
Warm
Cool
Cold
Riverine
Non-Riv
Wetland
Marsh
Restoration
9220.000
Re-establishment
Rehabilitation
Enhancement
Enhancement 1
41.333
Enhancement 11
789.600
Creation
Preservation
TOTALS
10,050.933
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Activity or Deliverable
Data Collection
Complete
Completion
or Delivery
Institution Date (NCDMS Contract No. 100014)
May 22, 2017
Mitigation Plan
March 2018
November 2018
Construction Plans
January 10, 2020
404 Permit
May 13, 2019
Site Construction
March 4, 2020
Planting
March 16, 2020
As -built Baseline Monitoring (MYO)
January -March 2020
August 2020
Annual Monitoring (MY1)
I November 2020
January 2021
Annual Monitoring (MY2)
I October 2021
January 2022
Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Warren Wilson College Restoration Site
Full Delivery Provider
Restoration Systems
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Worth Creech
919-755-9490
Designer
Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC
231 Haywood Street
Asheville, NC 28801
Sara Stavinoha
828-771-0279
As -built Monitoring Provider
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
218 Snow Avenue
Raleigh, NC 27603
Grant Lewis
919-215-1693
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

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Visual Assessment Data
Figures 2 & 2A-2E. Current Conditions Plan View
Tables 5A-5G. Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment
Table 6. Vegetation Condition Assessment
Vegetation Plot Photographs
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
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Warren Wilson College
MY-02 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs
Taken August 2021
MY2 (2021) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
Warren Wilson College Mitigation Site
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-02 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs
Taken August 2021
MY2 (2021) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
Warren Wilson College Mitigation Site
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-02 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs
Taken August 2021
MY2 (2021) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019)
Warren Wilson College Mitigation Site
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC

Warren Wilson College
MY-02 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs
Taken August 2021
MY2 (2021) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Appendix C
Vegetation Data
Table 7. Planted Bare Root Woody Vegetation
Table 8. Total Stems by Plot and Species
Table 9. Temporary Vegetation Plot Data
Table 10. Planted Vegetation Totals
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

Table 7. Planted Bare Root Woody Vegetation
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Species
Total*
Acres
19.64
Cephalanthus occidentalis
50
Diospyros virginiana
500
Liriodendron tulipifera
900
Betula nigra
2800
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
3800
Cornus amomum
3900
Quercus alba
4200
Quercus nigra
4200
Platanus occidentalis
5600
TOTALS
25,950*
"Approximately 5000 live stakes of willow (Salix spp.), elderberry (Sambucus candensis),
silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), and ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) were planted,
but are not included in this table.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

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Table 9. MY2 Temporary Vegetation Plot Data
Warren Wilson College Restoration Site
Species
Common Name
T-1 (86°)
50x2m
T-2 (145°)
25x4m
T-3 (154°)
25x4m
Betula nigra
River birch
14
2
1
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip poplar
1
Nyssa sylvatica
Black gum
Diospyros virginiana
Common persimmon
1
2
Quercus alba
White oak
2
Platanus occidentalis
American sycamore
4
2
8
Quercus phellos
Willow oak
Quercus spp.
Oak
Cornus amomum
Silky dogwood
8
3
Total Number of Stems
Stem Count
Size (Ares)
Size (Acres)
Species count
Stems per acre
19
15
14
1
1
1
0.02
0.02
0.02
6
5
6
Stems/Acre
769
607
1 567
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

Table 10. Planted Vegetation Totals
Warren Wilson College Stream Mitigation Site
Plot #
Planted Stems/Acre
Success Criteria Met?
1
202
No
2
526
Yes
3
1093
Yes
4
728
Yes
5
324
Yes
6
607
Yes
7
971
Yes
8
405
Yes
9
364
Yes
10
486
Yes
11
162
No
12
567
Yes
13
283
No
14
688
Yes
15
728
Yes
16
769
Yes
17
688
Yes
18
364
Yes
19
688
Yes
20
567
Yes
21
567
Yes
22
567
Yes
23
486
Yes
24
486
Yes
25
243
No
T-1
769
Yes
T-2
607
Yes
T-3
567
Yes
Average Planted Stems/Acre Across
Permanent & Temporary Plots
553
Yes
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

Appendix D
Stream Geomorphology Data
Tables 11A-I. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Tables 12A-I. Baseline Stream Data Summary (Substrate, Bed, Bank, and Hydrologic
Containment Parameter Distributions)
Tables 13A-I. Monitoring Data -Dimensional Morphology Summary (Dimensional Parameters -
Cross -sections)
Tables 14A-I. Monitoring Data -Stream Reach Data Summary
Cross-section Plots
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

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Appendix E
HYDROLOGY DATA
Tables 15A-C Channel Evidence
Stream Gauge Graphs
Table 16. Verification of Bankfull Events
Table 17A-B. Groundwater Hydrology Data
Groundwater Gauge Graphs
Bud Burst Documentation Photographs
Figure E-1. Year 2 (2021) Soil Temperature Data
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100019) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

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Table 16. Verification of Bankfull Events
Date of Data
Date of Occurrence
Method
Photo
Collection
(if available)
Stream gauges and trail cameras captured a bankfull
May 20, 2020
May 20, 2020
event at UTS after 4.47 inches of rain was
1
documented between May 19 and 20, 2020 at a
nearby weather station.
Wrack and laid-back vegetation were observed
November 4, 2020
October 27, 2020
outside the TOB of UT3 after 4.7 inches of rain was
2
documented between October 27 and 28, 2020 at a
nearby weather station.
Wrack and laid-back vegetation were observed
January 26, 2021
January 26, 2021
outside the TOB of UT6 after 0.5 inches of rain was
3
documented January 26, 2021 at an onsite rain gauge.
Wrack and laid-back vegetation were observed
April 6, 2021
March 31, 2021
outside the TOB of UT7 after 1.09 inches of rain was
4
documented March 31, 2021 at an onsite rain gauge.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100014) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100014)
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site
Buncombe County, North Carolina
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC
January 2022

MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100014) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

Table 17A. Groundwater Hydrology Data: Mitigation Success (UT-3113, Little Berea/ Clingman's)
Typical Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
Gauge
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
(2020)
(2021)
(2022)
(2023)
(2024)
(2025)
(2026)
Yes/127 days
Yes/198 days
3
(55.0%)
(89.6%)
Yes/32 days
Yes/198 days
4
(13.9%)
(89.6%)
Yes/174 days
Yes/198 days
5
(75.3%)
(89.6%)
Yes/93 days
Yes/198 days
6
(40.3%)
(89.6%)
Yes/72 days
Yes/198 days
7
(31.2%)
(89.6%)
Yes/231 days
Yes/198 days
8
(100%)
(89.6%)
Table 17B. Groundwater Hydrology Data: Potential Wetland Loss Monitoring Areas
Typical Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
Gauge
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
(2020)
(2021)
(2022)
(2023)
(2024)
(2025)
(2026)
Yes/37 days
Yes/198 days
1
(16.0%)
(89.6%)
Yes/61 days
Yes/198 days
2
(26.4%)
(89.6%)
Yes/175 days
Yes/198 days
9
(75.8%)
(89.6%)
No*/9 days
Yes/61 days
10
(3.9%)
(27.6%)
*Gauge was not installed until August 1, 2020. It is expected to have exceeded typical wetland success criteria had
it been installed earlier in the growing season.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100014) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

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Warren Wilson College
MY-02 (2021) Bud Burst Documentation Photographs
Taken April 6, 2021
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100014)
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site
Buncombe County, North Carolina
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC
January 2022

11/27/21
11/17/21
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Appendix F
Preconstruction Wetland Hydrology Data
Figure 3. Preconstruction Gauge Locations
Table 18. Preconstruction Groundwater Gauge Data Summary
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100014) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022

Table 18. Preconstruction Groundwater Gauge Data Summary
Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing
Gauge
Season (Percentage)
2018 Data
2019 Data
1A
No/21 days
Yes/57 days
(9.8 percent)
(27 percent)
113
No/9 days
Yes/50 days
(4.2 percent)
(23 percent)
1C
No/3 days
No/3 days
(1.4 percent)
(1.4 percent)
2A
NA*
Yes/48 days
(22 percent)
No/20 days
No/0 days
213
(9.3 percent)
(0 percent)
2C
No/12 days
Yes/50 days
(5.6 percent)
(23 percent)
No/24 days
Yes/124 days
3A
(11.2 percent)
(58 percent)
Yes/117 days
Yes/140 days
313
(54.7 percent)
(65 percent)
No/4 days
No/3 days
3C
(1.9 percent)
(1.4 percent)
*Gauge 2A was damaged during 2018 and data was not recoverable. It was replaced in 2019.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100014) Appendices
Warren Wilson College Stream Restoration Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Buncombe County, North Carolina January 2022