20061632 Ver 1_Public Notice_20061117

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US Army Corps PUBLIC NOTICE
Of Engineers
Wilmington District
Issue Date: November 16, 2006
Comment Deadline: December.l8, 2006
Corps Action ID #: SAW 2006 41354 241
The Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers (Corps) has received an application from the
Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) seeking Department of the Army (DA) authorization
to impact approximately 0.09 acre of wetland and 674 linear feet of stream channels of the
jurisdictional waters of an unnamed tributary of Horsepen Creek associated with Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) standards required runway SR/23L safety improvements
including a runway threshold relocation and Glidescope antenna array construction located at the
existing Piedmont Triad International Airport (PTIA) facility off of Airport Parkway, in
Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina.
Specific plans and location information are described below and shown on the attached plans.
This Public Notice and all attached plans are also available on the Wilmington District Web Site
at www.saw.usace.army.mil/wetlands
Applicant: Mr. Mickie Elmore
Piedmont Triad Airport Authority
P.O. Box 35445
Greensboro, NC 27425
Agent: Mr. Richard Darling ~ ~ ~ ~~
Baker and Associates p ~ D
7800 Airport Center Drive, Suite 100
Greensboro, NC 27409 Nf~V ~. 7 2006
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Authority
The Corps will evaluate this application and decide whether to issue, conditionally issue, or deny
the proposed work pursuant to applicable procedures of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
Location
The proposed project site is located on the northern end of the existing runway SR/23L of the
PTIA facilities adjacent to Airport Parkway, west of Greensboro, in Guilford County, North
Carolina. Coordinates (in decimal degrees) for the site are 36.1111 North, 79.9208 West. The

.,
site is adjacent to an unnamed tributary of Horsepen Creek in the Cape Fear River Basin (8-Digit
Cataloging Unit 03030002).
Existing Site Conditions
General land use in the vicinity of the project site is the existing airport operation facilities. The
surrounding high ground is open with scrub vegetation located around the small unnamed stream
channels. One jurisdictional stream is present within the project site's boundaries, an unnamed
tributary of Horsepen Creek. The stream channel has been degraded by the surrounding airport
operations. It has already been segmented by an existing 618 linear foot 48" culvert and another
existing SO linear foot 36" culvert.
Applicant's Stated Purpose
As stated by the applicant, the purpose of the project is for the applicant to construct facilities
that comply with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards for required runway SR/23L
safety improvements including a runway threshold relocation and Glidescope antenna array
construction located at the existing Piedmont Triad International Airport (PTIA) facility off of
Airport Parkway, in Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina.
Project Description
As a result of unintended aircraft overruns (travel beyond available runway length) of departing
and arriving aircraft on runways nationwide, and loss of life associated with those overruns,
Federal Order 5200.8 was issued by the United States Congress in 1999. This order requires that
all certificated airports in the United States provide a runway safety area (RSA) that meets FAA
standards for the designated service category of each runway on the airport. In the case of
Runway 5R/23L at PTIA, RSA's 500 feet wide and 1,000 feet long are required at both ends of
the runway. The purpose of the proposed work is to address FAA RSA requirements while
maintaining runway lengths and operational capabilities.
The proposed project involves relocation of the northern end of runway SR/23L threshold to
provide for a standard RSA meeting FAA design requirements. The runway relocation will
result in permanent unavoidable impacts to approximately 0.09 acres of jurisdictional wetland
and approximately 148 linear feet of channel of the jurisdictional waters of an unnamed tributary
of Horsepen Creek.
As part of the instrument landing system at PTIA, a Glideslope antenna array is to be situated to
one side of the runway touchdown zone of Runway SR/23L. The Glideslope signal is
transmitted via radio frequency with the centerline of the signal being arranged to define a
Glideslope for the approach of landing aircraft. In addition to the Glideslope antenna, the
relocation of the perimeter road is proposed around the relocated runway in order for service
vehicles, such as fuel and maintenance trucks, to traverse the airport without leaving the Air
2

Operations Area (AOA) while remaining out of the operational area of aircraft. Construction of
the Glideslope antenna and relocated perimeter road in compliance with FAA Advisory Circular
150/5300-13 would result in permanent unavoidable impacts to approximately 526 linear feet of
stream channel of an unnamed tributary to Horsepen Creek.
A total of 0.21 acres (comprised of 0.09 acres of wetlands and 674 linear feet of stream channel)
of the jurisdictional waters of Horsepen Creek would be impacted by the proposed project.
These potential unavoidable impacts are proposed to be mitigated by creating 0.6 acres of
wetlands (for 0.10 credit at 6:1 "creation" ratio) and restoring 1,123 linear feet of stream channel
(for 702 credits at 1.6:1 "off-site" ratio). (See attached "Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan"
for details.)
Other Required Authorizations
This notice and all applicable application materials are being forwarded to the appropriate State
agencies for review. The Corps will generally not make a final permit decision until the North
Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) issues, denies, or waives State certification
required by Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (PL 92-500). The receipt of the application and
this public notice combined with the appropriate application fee at the NCDWQ Central Office
in Raleigh will constitute initial receipt of an application fora 401 Water Quality Certification.
A waiver will be deemed to occur if the NCDWQ fails to act on this request for certification
within sixty days of the date of the receipt of this notice in the NCDWQ Central Office.
Additional information regarding the Clean Water Act certification may be reviewed at the
NCDWQ Central Office, 401 Oversight and Express Permits Unit, 2321 Crabtree Boulevard,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-2260. All persons desiring to make comments regarding the
application for certification under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act should do so in writing
delivered to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ), 1650 Mai] Service Center,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650 Attention: Ms Cyndi Karoly by December 11, 2006.
Essential Fish Habitat
This notice initiates the Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) consultation requirements of the
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. The Corps' initial determination
is that the proposed project will not adversely impact EFH or associated fisheries managed by
the South Atlantic or Mid Atlantic Fishery Management Councils or the National Marine
Fisheries Service.
Cultural Resources
The Corps has consulted the latest published version of the National Register of Historic Places
and is not aware that any registered properties, or properties listed as being eligible for inclusion
therein are located within the project area or will be affected by the proposed work. Presently,

unknown archeological, scientific, prehistoric, or historical data may be located within the
project area and/or could be affected by the proposed work.
Endangered Species
The Corps has reviewed the project area, examined all information provided by the applicant and
consulted the latest North Carolina Natural Heritage Database. Based on available information,
the Corps is not aware of the presence of species listed as threatened or endangered or their
critical habitat formally designated pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA)
within the project area. A final determination on the effects of the proposed project will be made
upon additional review of the project and completion of any necessary biological assessment
and/or consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service."
Evaluation
The decision whether to issue a permit will be based on an evaluation of the probable impacts,
including cumulative impacts, of the proposed activity on the public interest. That decision will
reflect the national concern for both protection and utilization of important resources. The
benefit, which reasonably may be expected to accrue from the proposal, must be balanced
against its reasonably foreseeable detriments. All factors which may be relevant to the proposal
will be considered including the cumulative effects thereof; among those are conservation,
economics, aesthetics, general environmental concerns, wetlands, historic properties, fish and
wildlife values, flood hazards, flood plain values (in accordance with Executive Order 11988),
land use, navigation, shoreline erosion and accretion, recreation, water supply and conservation,
water quality, energy needs, safety, food and fiber production, mineral needs, considerations of
property ownership, and, in general, the needs and welfare of the people. For activities involving
the discharge of dredged or fill materials in waters of the United States, the evaluation of the
impact of the activity on the public interest will include application of the Environmental
Protection Agency's 404(b)(1) guidelines.
Commenting Information
The Corps of Engineers is soliciting comments fi-om the public; Federal, State and local agencies
and officials, including any consolidate State Viewpoint or written position of the Governor;
Indian Tribes and other interested parties in order to consider and evaluate the impacts of this
proposed activity. Any comments received will be considered by the Corps of Engineers to
determine whether to issue, modify, condition or deny a permit for this proposal. To make this
decision, comments are used to assess impacts on endangered species, historic properties, water
quality, general environmental effects and the other public interest factors listed above.
Comments are used in the preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA) and/or an
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA). Comments are also used to determine the need for a public hearing and to determine
the overall public interest of the proposed activity.
4

Any person may request, in writing, within the comment period specified in this notice, that a
public hearing be held to consider the application. Requests for public hearings shall state, with
particularity, the reasons for holding a public hearing. Requests for a public hearing shall be
granted, unless the District Engineer determines that the issues raised are insubstantial or there is
otherwise no valid interest to be served by a hearing.
Written comments pertinent to the proposed work, as outlined above, will be received
by the Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District, until Spm, December 18, 2006. Comments
should be submitted to John Thomas, Raleigh Regulatory Field Office, 6508 Falls of the Neuse
Road, Suite 120, Raleigh, NC 27615.

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WETLAND AND STREAM MITIGATION PLAN
RUNWAY 5R SAFETY AREA AND RELATED IMPROVEMENTS
Prepared by:
.,
Baker and Associates
Greensboro, NC
October 6, 2006
PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Site Location ................................................................................................................1
1.2 Project Purpose and Need ...........................................................................................3
1.3 Impact Avoidance ......................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Impact Minimization ......................................................................................................4
1.5 Mitigation ......................................................................................................................4
2 Brush Creek Wetland Creation ......................................................:.......................................6
2.1 Existing Conditions ................................................:......................................................6
2.2 Reference Site ........................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Erosion Control and Stabilization ................................................................................ 11
2.4 Grading ...................................................................................................:.................. 11
2.5 Hydrology.....: .......................................................................:..................................... 13
2.6 Planting .........:............................................................................................................ 13
2.7 Vegetative Buffer ...............................................................................:........:............... 16
2.8 Schedule ......................................................:........................................:..::................ 16
3 Causey Farm Stream Restoration ...................................................................:................... 17
4 Mon itoring ..................:.................................................................:...................................... 20
4.1 Construction Monitoring .........................................................................:...:.........:...... 21
4.2 Wetland Monitoring :.....: .....................................................:.::.:.................................. 21
4.3 Stream Monitoring ........:......................................................:...................:.................. 22
4.4 Nuisance Species Control .....................................................................:...... ...........
. 23
4.5 Contingency Plari /.Remedial Activities ..................
........... 23
4.6 Reporting ..............:...:.......:................................................:......:................................: 23
5 Refe rences ......................................................................................................................:.. 24
Appendix A Wetland Creation Site Maps
Appendix B Stream Restoration ,Site Maps
Appendix C Monitoring Data Record
List of Tables
Table 1 Planting Palette for Piedmont Bottomland Hardwood Forest .............:.:......:.......13
Table 2 Seed Mix for Wetland Creation ........................................:.................................15
Table 3 Planting Palette for Upland, Buffer .................................................................:..:.16
Table 4 General Mitigation Success Criteria ..........................................:....:...................20
List of Figures
Figure 1 Mitigation Vicinity Map ......::....:.
........................ .............................................:.. 2
...
Figure 2 BC-2a Location .........................................................................:..........................7
Figure 3 BC-2a Site, facing Northeast from Borrow Area ...................................................8
Figure 4 BC-2a Existing Conditions ................................................................................... 9
Figure 5 BC-2a Wetland Creation Grading ......................................................................12
Figure 6 BC-2a Wetland Creation Plan ............................................................................14
Figure 7 CFa Stream Restoration Reach (from "As-Built" Survey) ...................................17
Figure 8 CFa Geometry/Elevation Data (from "As-Built" Survey) .....................................18
Figure 9 CFa Site, One Year after Construction ...............................................................18
Figure 10 CFa In-Place Stream Restoration (from Year-One Monitoring Report) ...............19
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements II October 6, 2006

Introduction
The Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) is applying for Individual Permit and Water Quality
Certification under Sections 404 and 401 of the Clean Water Act and 15A NCAC 2H.0500 for
unavoidable impacts to jurisdictional waters of the U.S. in conjunction with construction of the
Runway 5R Runway Safety Area (RSA) and related improvements at Piedmont Triad
International Airport (PTIA). For safety reasons, Federal Order 5200.8 mandates that PTIA
provide RSAs for Runway 5R/23L of 500 feet wide and 1,000 feet long at both ends.
The Runway 5R RSA project is currently the subject of an Environmental Assessment (EA)
sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) consistent with the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Through the NEPA process, FAA has documented
practicable project alternatives and impact minimization prior to addressing compensatory
mitigation (sequencing).
Unavoidable project impacts to jurisdictional waters of the U.S. including wetlands are proposed
to be mitigated through creation of additional wetlands on-site and restoration of off-site stream
channel. The mitigation specific to the Runway 5R RSA impacts is proposed to be located
within the recorded conservation easement boundaries for the "FedEx" project (Runway 5U23R,
New Overnight express Air Cargo Sorting and Distribution Facility, and Associated
Developments at PTIA, permitted under U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [USAGE] Action
ID 200021655 and North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
[NCDENR] Division of Water Quality [DWO] Water Quality Certification No. 3428). The
additional wetland creation acreage and stream restoration linear footage proposed as
mitigation for the Runway 5R RSA project is beyond that required under the permits issued for
the FedEx project and was not contemplated therein. The area dedicated in the conservation
easements does, however, include space for the additional mitigation sites and the proposed
construction, maintenance, and monitoring of same is consistent with the governing restrictive
covenants.
1.1 Site Location
The PTIA is located northwest of the intersection of Market Street and West Friendly Avenue
near Greensboro in western Guilford County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The airport is north of
Interstate Highway 40, east of State Route 68, north of West Market Street, northwest of
Friendly Avenue, and southwest of Old Oak Ridge Road. The proposed project impacts are
located primarily within the restricted Air Operations Area (AOA) at the northeast end of
Runway 5R/23L.
Proposed mitigation is located on-site (designated BC-2a) adjacent to the permitted Brush
Creek wetland creation area (BC-2) and off-site (designated CFa) at the Causey Farm (CF)
permitted stream restoration area. Both on and off-site mitigation areas are located within the
same 8-digit USGS Hydrologic Unit (HUG 03030002) as the proposed impacts. Both sites are
adjacent to existing mitigation areas required and permitted by USAGE and DWQ in conjunction
with the FedEx project. The proposed additional wetland creation acreage and stream
restoration linear footage were not specified in the permits issued for that project although they
are included within the recorded conservation easement areas.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 1 October 6, 2006

Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 2 October 6, 2006
Figure 1 Mitigation Vicinity Map

1.2 Project Purpose and Need
As a result of unintended overruns (aircraft travel beyond available runway length) of departing
and arriving aircraft on runways nationwide, and loss of life associated with those overruns,
Federal Order 5200.8 was issued by the United States Congress in 1999. This order requires
that all certificated airports in the U.S. provide a RSA that meets FAA standards for the
designated service category of each runway on the airport. In the case of Runway 5R/23L at
PTIA, RSAs 500 feet wide and 1,000 feet long are required at both ends of the Runway.
The proposed project involves relocation of the Runway 5R threshold to provide for a standard
RSA meeting FAA design requirements. The Runway 23L threshold will be relocated in order to
maintain the existing runway length and provide a runway threshold that coincides with the full
length of Taxiway K. As part of the ,instrument landing system at PTIA, a Glideslope antenna
array is to be situated to one side of .the runway touchdown zone of Runway 23L. The
Glideslope signal is transmitted via radio frequency with the centerline of the signal being
arranged to define a glide slope for the approach of landing aircraft. In addition to the
Glideslope antenna, a service road is proposed around the perimeter of the relocated runway in
order for service vehicles, such as fuel and maintenance trucks, to traverse the airport without
leaving the AOA while remaining out of the operational area of aircraft.
1.3 Impact Avoidance
Avoidance of impacts to the wetland and upper stream components of the delineated
jurisdictional waters from the proposed RSA improvements is not possible due to the
requirement for straight runway. Construction of the Glideslope antenna and the perimeter road
are constrained by location requirements specified in FAA Advisory Circular 150/5300-13 for
Airport Design, as follows:
• The location of the Glideslope antenna must be on the Southeast side of the existing
Runway 23L and it must be 1000 feet from the end and a minimum of 400 feet from the
centerline of the proposed relocated runway. (Location of the Glideslope antenna on the
Northwest side of existing Runway 23L would interfere with airfield operations, especially
aircraft movements to and from the entrance to Taxiway K)
• The area in front of the Glideslope antenna must be graded relatively flat in order to
reduce the amount of reflective surfaces which may interfere with the transmission of the
Glideslope signal
• The Ultimate Airport Development Plan requires the extension of Taxiway M out to the
proposed end of Runway 23L at a 600-foot separation from the runway centerline
• The perimeter service road on the Southeast side of Runway 23L can be no closer than
400 feet from the runway centerline.
• Relocation of the perimeter service road must allow for the extension of Taxiway M and
remain clear of the Glideslope critical area in order to eliminate additional future work or
impacts
• The grade from the centerline of Taxiway M to the centerline of Runway 23L must not
exceed 1.5%
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 3 October 6, 2006

1.4 Impact Minimization
Minimization of the proposed unavoidable impacts will be accomplished by maximizing the
steepness of slide slopes (within FAA guidelines) from the project components down to the
stream channel and applying the most aggressive vertical alignment and minimum lateral
dimensions for the realignment of the perimeter roadway. Channel flow and downstream water
quality will be protected to the extent practicable with application of appropriate structural
drainage conveyance and clean fill.
The Runway relocation will result in unavoidable permanent impacts to approximately
0.09 acres (ac.) jurisdictional wetland and approximately 148 linear feet (I.f.) of intermittent
stream channel (unnamed tributary to Horsepen Creek, Cape Fear River Basin). Construction
of the Glideslope antenna and perimeter road will result in unavoidable impacts to
approximately 526 I.f. of the perennial channel portion (downstream from the culvert outfall) of
the unnamed tributary to Horsepen Creek due to location requirements specified in FAA
AC 150/5300-13. Total impact to jurisdictional waters of the U.S., including wetlands is
calculated as follows:
= 3, 830 sq. ft. + 1481. f. x 11 ft. + 5261. f x 7 ft.
(wetland area) (intermittent and perennial stream length
~ 6741. f. total] by average widths)
= 0.09 ac. + 0.04 ac. + 0.08 ac.
= 0.21 ac. total
1.5 Mitigation
Mitigation refers to those actions that reduce or eliminate potential adverse impacts that could
occur as a result of a proposed project. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) has
defined mitigation in 40 CFR Part 1508.20 to include:
(a) Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action.
(b) Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its
implementation.
(c) Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment.
(d) Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance
operations during the life of the action.
(e) Compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or
environments.
These mitigation measures can be categorized as avoidance, minimization, and compensation.
Avoidance and minimization of impacts have been discussed in Sections 1.3 and 1.4
respectively.
Compensation measures will be implemented to offset adverse impacts when such impacts
cannot be feasibly avoided. Wetland creation and stream restoration are proposed to mitigate
impacts. Wetland acreage and stream linear footage proposed as mitigation are adjusted
according to specific ratios for each type as follows:
On-Site Wetland Creation = 6 : 1
Off-Site Stream Restoration = 1.6 : 1
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 4 October 6, 2006

The ratios applicable to each mitigation type are specifed by DWQ for wetlands at
15A NCAC 2H.0506(h)(7) and streams in the May 10, 2000 Interim Internal DWO Policy on
Stream Mitigation Options. General wetland mitigation ratio guidance for USACE is provided in
the January 16, 2001 EPA Region 4 Compensatory Mitigation Policy. These general EPA
wetland mitigation ratios were adjusted for streams and location (on-site vs. off-site). A
functional assessment relative to off-site stream and riparian buffer restoration justified the
application of the 1.6:1 stream restoration ratio (Law, 2001) where DWQ policy specifies a 1:1
ratio and USACE usually defers to a 2:1 ratio in the absence of a specific study.
The objective of the wetland and stream mitigation plan is to describe the creation of
approximately 0.6 ac. of wetlands and the restoration of approximately 1,123 I.f. of stream
channel to mitigate the anticipated 0.09 ac. and 674 I.f. project impacts, respectively. The
mitigation credits proposed are calculated by applying the appropriate ratios as follows:
0.6 ac. _ 6 = 0.10 credit (wetland)
1,123 1. f. - 1.6 = 702 credit (stream)
This mitigation plan proposes on-site creation of wetlands and off-site restoration of stream
channel within the same 8-digit North Carolina Hydrologic Unit (03030002) as the proposed
project impacts. This plan follows guidelines for compensatory mitigation pursuant to EPA
Region 4 Compensatory Mitigation Policy; Interim, Internal DWQ Policies on Stream Mitigation
Options; and North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC) Guidelines for Stream
Relocation and Restoration in North Carolina. Items on the USACE "Compensatory Mitigation
Planning Checklist" and the "Stream Channel Mitigation Planning Checklist" are addressed
within the plan also.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 5 October 6, 2006

2 Brush Creek Wetland Creation
Wetland creation is the establishment of a wetland or other aquatic resource where one did not
formerly exist. Wetland creation is proposed at sites where it cannot be conclusively
documented that wetlands previously existed.
The proposed wetland creation (BC-2a) is located on PTAA property along the western edge of
mitigation area BC-2 specified in USACE Action ID 200021655. This area is southeast of
Airport Parkway and northwest of the Airport Terminal (Figure 2). The proposed BC-2a area
extends into the previously outlined upland buffer area, which in-turn will be re-aligned along the
western edge of BC-2a, in order to provide contiguous vegetative buffer area of appropriate size
and configuration.
Implementation of the on-site wetland mitigation will be approached in phases including final
design, solicitation of bids, contractor selection, installation of erosion control devices, wetland
construction, soil amendment (if needed), and vegetation installation.
Since wetland creation will be designed to closely integrate with natural site features, rather
than grossly altering them, plans will be finessed during construction to meet grades, merge
hydrological dynamics, and respond to variations in soil. The wetland material requirements
described herein may require modification during actual construction to produce conditions most
amenable to establishing stable, natural systems.
Mitigation efforts at the BC-2a site will involve limited re-grading and excavation in order to
increase the lateral extent of the adjacent Brush Creek wetland. Existing wetland elevations will
be matched during this effort, in order to allow hydrologic input from periodic overbank flooding
of Brush Creek. To limit drainage and enhance wetland conditions in the re-graded area, clay
amendments, compaction, and wetland soil top-dressing may be utilized. Proposed grade
elevations will closely match existing wetland contours, to enhance connectivity and provide a
gradual transition to adjacent upland buffer areas. Wetland and buffer planting efforts at this
site will be similar to those used at BC-1, 2, and 3 and will. be based on Brush Creek reference
wetland conditions. During construction, erosion control measures will be implemented to
protect the adjacent Brush Creek wetlands from potential sedimentation.
2.1 Existing Conditions
The Brush Creek wetland creation site is located northwest of the existing airport facilities along
the southeast side of Airport Parkway, approximately a mile northwest of the project impact area
(see Figure 2). The site is currently an active borrow area (Figure 3), being used as a fill source
for FedEx Project components and subject to an Erosion and Sedimentation Control Permit.
See Appendix A for available pre-existing site maps including USGS topographic quadrangle
and USDA NRCS Soil Survey.
2.1.1 Topography
The pre-existing topography of the BC-2a site ranged in elevation from 850 feet above National
Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) to 800 feet above NGVD according to the USGS map
(Appendix A). This site was characterized by slightly rolling terrain that generally sloped
southward from the existing roadway grade. Moderate undulations in the landscape averaged
one to two feet elevation difference. Existing topography is currently changing but will be
stabilized at an elevation averaging about 810 feet NGVD which is about 10 feet above the
adjacent wetland preservation area.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 6 October 6, 2006

l ..- ... ; . O
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fi, a 5 G~ ,,
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Figure 2 BC-2a Location .
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 7 October 6, 2006

2.1.2 Soils
The BC-2a site is mapped as Madison clay loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, eroded (McE2).
According to the Soil Survey of Guilford County, North Carolina, this well drained soil is on long
narrow upland side slopes adjacent to streams ranging from 3 to 60 acres in size. Typically, the
surface layer is reddish brown clay loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 29 inches thick;
the upper part is red clay, and the lower part is mottled red clay loam. The underlying material,
to a depth of 80 inches, is mottled reddish yellow sandy clay loam in the upper part and mottled
reddish yellow sandy loam on the lower part. Most of the acreage of this soil is forested. Slope,
runoff, erosion, permeability, and mica content are the main limitations in the use and
management of this soil. The current soils are being excavated as a fill source for the FedEx
project. After excavation down to adjacent wetland elevations under the proposed FedEx
mitigation plan, Site BC-2a will be excavated adjacent to the permitted BC-2 site and the
existing substrate may be supplement with hydric soils.
2.1.3 Vegetation
Prior to permitted impacts (Borrow Area B for the Taxiway E component of the FedEx project),
the BC-2a area was dominated by sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red maple (Acer
rubrum), and red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) with some tulip poplar (Lyriodendron tulipifera)
closer to the wetlands. In the area nearest Airport Parkway, the trees are primarily red maple,
sweet gum, and red (Quercus falcata) and white oaks (Q. alba) with significant areas of
maintained lawn (Figure 4).
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 8 October 6, 2006
Figure 3 BC-2a Site, facing Northeast from Borrow Area

Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 9 October 6, 2006
Figure 4 BC-2a Existing Conditions

2.1.4 Hydrology
A significant portion of the Brush Creek basin drains the PTIA property and the Stormwater
Management Plan includes several stormwater detention facilities for the FedEx project. These
and pre-existing stormwater management facilities provide some degree of control of the local
hydrology. The watershed includes of approximately 4.7 square miles with drainage generally
from west to east towards Lake Brandt.
The Stormwater Management Plan (Baker, 2001) provides the ..basis for the hydrologic
consideration for the sub-basins draining PTIA property along its northwest boundaries.
Available reports and data relevant to the local hydrology of the site including local and Federal
sources (USGS, FEMA, Guilford County Topographic Maps) were reviewed. These data and
reports, in addition to field data collected at the site, are summarized with respect to local
hydrologic conditions for the site in the Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan (Law, 2001) for the
FedEx project. f=low duration analyses for the growing season and a water budget for the
proposed wetland creation at Brush Creek also has been detailed therein.
2.1.5 Water Quality
DWQ monitors Brush Creek in Guilford County at the SR-2136 (Fleming Road) crossing.
Waters of Brush Creek are classified by DWQ as WS-III NSW, with a use rating assessment of
"Partially Supporting." The WS-III classification indicates that Brush Creek is part of a Water
Supply Watershed with -low to moderate development. The NSW classification of Brush Creek
further indicates that surface waters within this drainage basin have been determined to be
"Nutrient Sensitive Waters." This is a supplemental classification for waters that need additional
nutrient management in order to minimize excessive growth of microscopic or macroscopic
vegetation. DWQ benthic macroinvertebrate sampling for Brush Creek in 1998 resulted in a
"Fair" bioclassification rating resulting in the use support rating of "Partially Supporting". In-
stream habitat in this system has been described as predominately sand with no riffles or pools
but with favorable leaf-pack habitat. Potential sources of the cause of impairment are believed
to be habitat degradation and urban runoff /storm sewers.
2.1.6 Disposition of Property
The Brush Creek mitigation site is owned by PTAA and is located within an area dedicated as
Conservation Easement in perpetuity. The conservation easement has been recorded and
declares conservation purposes, ~ prohibited and restricted activities, permitted activities
(including wetland creation), enforcement, and remedies.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 10 October 6, 2006

2.2 Reference Site
The wetland reference site for the BC-2a creation is the adjacent preservation area of
jurisdictional Brush Creek Bottomland hardwood forest. The vegetation in the adjacent Brush
Creek wetland preservation area can be generallydescribed as a Bottomland Hardwood Forest
community type. The canopy is well-developed and is dominated by tulip tree (Lyriodendron
tulipifera), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and red maple (Acer rubrum) over a subcanopy
of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), box elder (Acer negundo), and black cherry (Prunus
serotina). The shrub layer is sparse, becoming more developed along the edges of the
Bottomland Hardwood Forest community and includes black willow (Salix nigra), elderberry
(Sambucus canadensis), silky willow (Salix sericea), silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), and
arrow-wood (Viburnum dentatum). The herbaceous layer is fairly well developed and is
dominated by jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), softstem bulrush (Scirpus validus), soft rush
(Juncus effusus), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and greenbrier (Smilax
rotundifolia).
2.3 Erosion Control and Stabilization
Upon completion of grading operations, erosion control fabric and/or seeding will be applied to
areas susceptible to erosion. Graded side slopes will be stabilized with a native, non-invasive,
herbaceous seed mixture to control erosion. Soil amendments will be used sparingly to avoid
nutrient loading in the adjacent stream channels, and fertilizer will not be applied within 25 feet
of a stream channel. Slow-release fertilizers or slow release tablets may be included in the
planting holes for woody plants only. Particular attention will be paid to ensuring protection of
existing Brush Creek wetland areas from potential sedimentation impacts. Although the
appropriate erosion and sedimentation (E&S) permits have already been issued by the
NCDENR Division of Land Resources (DLR) for soil removal at BC-2a (Permit
GUILF-2005-001), an additional E&S permit application specific to the BC-2 (including BC-2a)
mitigation project may be submitted to DLR prior to initiation of site mitigation earthwork, if
required.
2.4 Grading
Rough grading of the BC-2a creation area has commenced under the FedEx project as
Taxiway E Borrow Area B and the E&S permit has been issued for this excavation. As needed,
the soils will be left in place at the subgrade elevation or over-excavated and back-filled with
clay-amended soil. Excavated hydric soils from impacted wetland areas, along with meiofauna,
mycorrhizae, and associated seed bank, may be used to "top-dress" soils in the created wetland
area. This mitigation site will be excavated to a depth of approximately 0.5 feet below final
specified grade. Approximately, 0.5 feet of stockpiled topsoil will be uniformly distributed and
spread to bring the site to final grade. The grading contractor will provide the appropriate depth
of topsoil throughout the new wetland area. Topsoil will be graded to lines and elevations
indicated on final design drawings and specifications (Figure 5). Levels, profiles, and contours
of subgrades will be maintained. Stones, roots, trash, and other debris that would significantly
interfere with wetland function will be removed.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 11 October 6, 2006

Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 12 October 6, 2006
Figure 5 BC-2a Wetland Creation Grading

2.5 Hydrology
During FedEx Project planning, drainage 'sub-basins contributing flow to the affected portions of
the Brush Creek wetlands were delineated and their run-off characteristics were developed.
These runoff estimates were then utilized to assess potential hydrologic inputs to the wetland
system and help determine target wetland grade elevations. The goal of grading and soils
management at the proposed Brush Creek site is to produce saturation for a minimum of 12.5%
of the growing season. The proposed mitigation effort will specifically target the removal of fill
material along with limited grading to expand the extent of the existing Brush Creek wetlands.
Due to the presence of existing adjacent wetlands, it is anticipated that the created wetlands will
experience appropriate saturation. Variations in micro-topography will produce a mosaic
interspersion of wetter and dryer areas. This site will be hydrologically supported by a
combination of groundwater interception, direct precipitation, and periodic flooding from Brush
Creek.
2.6 Planting
The Piedmont Bottomland Hardwood Forest community type anticipated for this site will have a
goal of 100% canopy coverage, with sparsely vegetated subcanopy and shrub layers, and a
diverse herbaceous layer (Figure 6). This coverage will be achieved by initially planting
320 trees per acre (intended to successfully establish 260 stems per acre), as specified in
Table 1, and through layers of sparsely scattered vegetation in the subcanopy strata. The
planted woody seedlings will also be supplemented with a native herbaceous seed mix.
Additional shrubs and woody vines may also be planted at appropriate locations throughout the
wetland, if needed. Specific planting species were chosen based on their ability to meet the
following set of criteria: 1) native to Guilford County; 2) associated with the Piedmont
Bottomland Hardwood Forest community type (per Schafale and Weakley, 1990); and
3) commercial availability. Priority consideration was given to plant species currently existing on
site. Many of the species listed have been identified as dominant vegetation in adjoining
wetland areas based on data collected during previous wetland delineation efforts.
Table 1 Planting Palette for Piedmont Bottomland Hardwnnd Fnract
TREE SPECIES COMMON NAME STATUS MOISTURE REGIME FORM
Betula ni ra River birch FACW seasonal inundation bare root
Celtis laevi ata Su arberr FACW seasonal inundation

Fraxinus enns /vanica
Green ash
FACW
seasonal inundation container
Quercus ni ra Water oak FAC seasonal inundation bare root
Q, lyrata Overcup oak OBL saturation -seasonal
inundation
Q. michauxii Swam chestnut oak FAC container
Q. hellos Willow oak seasonal inundation
Q. shumardii Swam red oak FACW-
Salix nigra Black willow OBL saturation -seasonal
inundation live stake
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wetland indicator status
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 13 October 6, 2006

a
I
/ ~
Proposed 0.6-ac.
.r::
Created Wetland ~r;;~
Miti ation BC-2a '~~~`~`
fj~if i je •• \ii
., 1 ~
~ a~ ~{~N
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t
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t
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m ~ •'?~'
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with
Figure 6 BC-2a Wetland Creation Plan
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 14 October 6, 2006

The created wetland areas will also be seeded with a wetland seed mix at a rate of
approximately ten pounds of seed per acre (Table 2). This will be accomplished using either
hydroseeding methods or broadcast spreading, combined with straw application. It is
anticipated that the seed bank in top-dressed soils will also contribute to overall diversity, but an
appropriate low-growing nurse crop may also be used to reduce potential erosion concerns.
Mulching materials with noxious weed seed will not be used. Hydromulch may be dyed green
and will be applied at a rate of 1,200 lbs./acre. Hay/straw bale mulching for broadcast seeding
will use a minimum of 50 lbs./acre.
Table 2 Seed Mix for Wetland Creation
SEED SPECIES COMMON NAME MIX COMMENTS
Andro 0 on erardii Bi bluestem 3% tall rass with bluish blades
Bidens aristosa Bur-mari old 7% ellow flowers Se .-Oct.
Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge pea 10% legume with yellow flowers
Jun.-Se .
Chasmanthium latifolium River oats 5% medium grass (Piedmont
version of sea oats
Coreo sis lanceolata Lance-leaved coreo sis 5% ellow flowers A r.-Jun.
Dicanthelium clandestinum Deertorigue tioga 10% short bunch grass with strong
fibrous roots stem
Helianthus angustifolius Swamp sunflower 5% yellow flowers with dark red
centers Jul.-frost
Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower 5% red flowers Jul.-Oct.
Oenothera biennis Evenin rimrose 5% ellow flowers Jun.-Oct.
L simachia uadrifolia Whorled loosestrife 10% ellow flowers Ma -Jul.
Mimulus ringens Square-stem monkey flower 5% lavendar to white flowers
Jun.-Se .
Polygonum lapathifolium Slender smartweed 5% pale pink-white flowers (Aug.-
frost
P. enns Ivanicum Penns Ivania smartweed 5% dee ink flowers Jul.-frost
Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed susan 5% yellow flowers with brown
centers Ma -Jul.
Schizachryrium scoparium Little bluestem 10% medium grass; bluish stems,
red-brown after frost
Sor hastrum nutans Indian rass 5% tall rass with ellow flowers
Specifications and guidance on plant material are as follows:
1. Plants will be obtained from sources that propagate plants from Piedmont genotypes.
2. Plants will be healthy and disease free, meeting or exceeding the specifications of
federal, state and county laws requiring inspection for disease and insect control.
3. The rootstock of plant material will be kept moist and will be provided with shade during
transport to the job site and until plantings are completed.
4. Plants will be true to name and each bundle or lot will be tagged with the correct
botanical name according to the "Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas"
(Radford etal.,1968).
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 15 October 6, 2006

5. Individual plant species will be installed within specified topographic contours
(elevations) and assigned vegetation zones.
6. At any time during planting efforts, construction may be halted if methodologies, labor,
and/or equipment are not appropriate to satisfactory performance of the job.
2.7 Vegetative Buffer
An average 50-foot area buffering the created wetland will be planted and maintained through
appropriate installation of trees and a supplemental seed mixture to establish ground cover.
This buffer will be established by using selected plant species from the upland buffer planting
palette (Table 3). Planting will generally occur at a density of 320 trees and/or shrubs per acre
in order to achieve an eventual survivorship of 260 trees per acre. Future application of
pesticides or fertilizers within the buffer area will be limited to the minimum required to establish
aground cover and to prevent erosion.
Table 3 Planting Palette for Upland Buffer
TREE SPECIES COMMON NAME STATUS MOISTURE REGIME FORM
Cara laboa Pi nut hickor FACU l

Car a tomentosa
Mockernut hickor
UPL up
and
bare root
Fa us randifolia American beech FACU mesic-u land
Ilex americana American holl UPL u land container
Ju /ans ni ra Black walnut FACU mesic-u land
Prunus serotina Black cherr

Quercus alba
White oak FACU
bare root
Q. fa/cata Southern red oak FACU- a

Q. mar landica
Black'ack oak
UPL upl
nd
Q, rubra Northern red oak

Q. stellata
Post oak FACU container
2.8 Schedule
Excavation at the 5.3-ac. wetland creation near Brush Creek has commenced as Borrow Area B
of the FedEx Taxiway E project component. Grading to the appropriate wetland elevation will
be completed by November 1, 2007 with planting of wetland vegetation completed by March 15,
2008. This mitigation component is adjacent to and contiguous with Brush Creek Mitigation
Area 2 for the FedEx project and will be constructed and completed concurrent with that
mitigation project.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 16 October 6, 2006

3 Causey Farm Stream Restoration
Stream restoration is defined as "...the process of converting an unstable, altered or degraded
stream corridor, including adjacent riparian zone and flood-prone areas to its natural or
referenced, stable conditions considering recent and future watershed conditions. This process
also includes restoring the geomorphic dimensions, pattern and profile, as well as biological and
chemical integrity, including transport of water and sediment produced by the stream's
watershed in order to achieve dynamic equilibrium."
PTAA's search for suitable stream restoration mitigation has been concentrated in the vicinity of
the airport, with particular attention paid to Brush Creek to the north and Horsepen Creek to the
south. Stream segments and tributaries of Horsepen Creek, Reedy Fork Creek, Beaver Creek,
and Moore's Creek within the City of Greensboro's Water-Supply Watershed were reviewed via
available maps and aerial photography. Indicators of channel modifications and/or instability,
including straight segments and segments not within forested areas, were highlighted, followed
by delineation onto tax maps to identify landowners. Richland Creek, Long Branch Creek,
Squirrel Creek, and tributaries north of the water supply lakes were also reviewed. Amore
detailed summary of this mitigation site search was provided in the FedEx Wetland and Stream
Mitigation Plan (Law, 2001).
Due to the limited availability and potential of stream restoration sites close to the proposed
project impacts, the search was expanded to non-water-supply watersheds in Guilford County
and then further from PTIA within the Upper Haw River watershed. This search led to the
stream restoration opportunities identified at Causey Farm in 2002, 6,539 I.f. of which (unnamed
tributary to North Prong Stinking Quarter Creek) was included as mitigation for the FedEx
project. The stream restoration (CFa) proposed to mitigate the Runway 5R RSA project stream
impacts is located at the northern end of the Causey Farm mitigation area (Figure 7) in the
southeastern part of Guilford County (see Appendix B). This is the main stem of North Prong
Stinking Quarter Creek, north of the unnamed tributary.
SteR tiAalnsbem Constructlon ~ ~J, ~I i~ n ! , i ~ t `1 t . ` t ~ ~ ~ ~•.-__~
End AAalnsbem Constriu~lon •':.~ ~1 ~ c - , i~ r~'
Station 11+23 ;. ~~, , ~ 1
End Tributary Construction ,,a~l~,r I' ~l '{„ -'s ~~ ~~ ~, ~` ~~:~° ~ ~~
Station 73+60 ~~/~11 ~u~ \~`~ ~~1 -1~,~~.~ r ~~,~ . c
,,, U
/_ ~~ `J ~ TSB ~l ~~~~/L~~~ ~`~.~ ~l~-~
1 +. - 1~ \,: `~'~r ~~~r~ ..--.erg „tF ...C~-~-.~~'~~\~~~V l
Figure 7 CFa Stream Restoration Reach (from "As-Built" Survey)
The 1,123 I.f. stream restoration of North Prong Stinking Quarter Creek at Causey Farm was
constructed in 2004 as additional linear footage in conjunction with the off-site mitigation for the
FedEx project. 7,670 I.f. (which includes the 6,539 I.f. required for the FedEx project, plus the
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 17 October 6, 2006

1,123 I.f. proposed to mitigate the Runway 5R RSA project impacts) total stream restoration was
documented in the "As-Built" survey submitted to USACE and DWQ in 2005 (Figure 8).
OA
5~0 I-- -
Stert OO.DO 611 9 Fance 4.O "-" "' "
f R 1 00+31 611.8
ORt 00+64 674.7 '
11ie1
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iR3 01*60 611.7
BRS 0?+Ea 671.0 Cross Yane 87 i
TR; 03x47 G44.3 ~0 _._
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TR5 04N0 671.5 ' i
8115 04x60 6x1.4

8rZ3 05+90 6.11,2 Cross Vane 82 i j
TR7 07+115 614.2 j
8R7 07+71 671,1 ~ O
Tao 08+?? 97+ 7
BR6 09+41 o-13.0 Cross Vane 89
TR5 09+70 843.9

8Fi9
I1r23
613.7
lance ~~
~.d~ Ili[
YeYa t0 Mlydl p
of irpra o.k trry
Figure 8 CFa Geometry/Elevation Data (from "As-Built" Survey)
The first year of mitigation success was documented in the First Annual Monitoring Report
submitted to USACE and DWQ on January 31, 2006. This mitigation component (Figure 9) is,
therefore, offered "up-front" and has already met with preliminary regulatory approval. This
additional successful channel restoration was not required for FedEx project mitigation and is
hereby proposed to mitigate the stream channel impacts contemplated under the current
Runway 5R RSA project.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 18 October 6, 2006
Figure 9 CFa Site, One Year after Construction

The existing landowner retains title to the entire 38.7-ac. Causey Farm mitigation parcel.
Restoration Systems, LLC holds a Conservation Easement over the 38.7 ac. in perpetuity. As
required by Action ID 200021655 and PTAA contract, Restoration Systems, will assign the
Easement to the North Carolina Wildlife Habitat Foundation (a qualified non-profit conservation
organization). Restoration Systems will retain access to the site for maintenance and
monitoring requirements until final success criteria are achieved. The "As-Built" survey and
subsequent first year's success monitoring for the Causey Farm Stream and Wetland
Restoration project document the additional 1,123 I.f. stream restored (Figure 10).
r~'
,. _.
a
r
!' ~ _ s...
r'
n,% '
`~',~
a
r ....,
Figure 10 CFa In-Place Stream Restoration (from Year-One Monitoring Report)
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 19 October 6, 2006

4 Monitoring
Construction monitoring will focus on adherence to design specifications and preservation /
protection of existing and adjacent functions and values. Identification of permanent sampling
plots to observe ecological changes as a result of specific mitigation activities is also included.
A qualified consultant has provided on-site construction monitoring during restoration of the
stream channel and will monitor creation of the wetland area. The consultant will also monitor
protection of adjacent wetlands and streams, and project mitigation landscaping activities.
General criteria used to evaluate the success or failure of activities at the mitigation sites and
required remedial actions to be implemented should monitoring indicate failure of a component
will be consistent with USACE protocols summarized in Table 4, as follows.
Table 4 General Mitigation Success Criteria2
COMPONENT SUCCESS FAILURE -~ ACTION
Photo No substantial3 aggradation, Substantial Remedial actions will
Reference degradation or bank erosion aggradation, be planned, approved,
Sites degradation or bank and implemented.
Longitudinal erosion.
photos
Lateral
hotos
Plant z75% Coverage in Photo <75% coverage in Areas of less than 75%
Survival Plots photo plots for coverage will be
Survival Survival and growth of at herbaceous cover reseeded and/or
plots least 320 trees/acre through Survival of less than fertilized, live stakes
Stake counts year 3, then 10% mortality 320 trees/acre and bare rooted trees
Tree counts allowed in year 4 through year 3 and will be planted to
(288 trees/acre) and then less than the achieve desired
additional 10% mortality in success criteria for densities.
year 5 for 260 trees/acre years 4 and 5.
throu h ear 5.
Channel Minimal evidence of Substantial evidence Remedial actions will
Stability instability (down-cutting, of instability. be planned, approved,
Cross- deposition, bank erosion, and implemented.
sections increase in sands or finer
Longitudinal substrate material).
profiles
Pebble
counts
Biological Population measurements Population Reasons for failure will
Indicators remain the same or improve, measurements and be evaluated and
Invertebrate and species composition species composition remedial action plans
populations indicates a positive trend. indicate a negative developed, approved,
Fish trend. and implemented.
o ulations
z From USACE Action ID 200021655
a Substantial or subjective determinations of success will be made by the mitigation sponsor and confirmed by
USACE and review agencies
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 20 October 6, 2006

4.1 Construction Monitoring
To ensure that the mitigation concepts described herein are appropriately adhered to, a
qualified consultant with experience in mitigation implementation will be on site to provide
construction oversight. The purpose of the construction monitoring will be to provide plan
details, biological information, and comments to the contractor(s) during project implementation.
Monitored activities will include:
• establishment and maintenance of sediment and erosion control measures
• excavation and grading of wetland creation areas and vegetative buffer
• preparation of appropriate rooting zone soil layers above compacted substrata
• planting of groundcover, emergent riparian and wetland vegetation, riparian trees, bare-
root hardwood seedlings
• planting and establishment of vegetation consistent with FAA height and wildlife
attractant restrictions within 10,000 feet of runway (as required by FAA)
4.2 Wetland Monitoring
The permittee will monitor the site vegetation between June 1 and November 30, inclusively, of
each year, and document plant mortality and stress. A 0.05-acre sample plot will be established
within the BC-2a creation area at PTIA and will be placed randomly within a representative
position. The permittee will continue monitoring of the planting areas annually until the
respective performance criteria are met, as described below.
Performance criteria for tree planting areas will be met if the sample plot demonstrates that for
each of the first three complete years of monitoring, a minimum of 320 target species trees per
acre have survived, such that at the end of three years, a minimum of 320 three-year old target-
species trees per acre have survived on the site, and, in years four and five, 288 and 260 trees
per acre, respectively, have survived on the site, such that at the end of year five, a minimum of
260 five-year old target-species trees per acre have survived on the site.
If for any monitoring year, vegetation survival is not favorable, as determined by USACE,
remedial action required by USACE will be performed, the required enhancement /restoration
areas will be replanted, and the five-year monitoring period will begin again with year one.
Hydrology at the BC-2a site creation area will be monitored through use of a monitoring gauge
during each growing season for the .first five years of the vegetative monitoring, or until
performance criteria have been met, whichever occurs later.
To meet the hydrology success criteria, the monitoring data must show that for each normal
precipitation year within the monitoring period, the site has been inundated or saturated within
the upper 12 inches of the soil for a minimum of 12.5% of the growing season (28 consecutive
days for Guilford County). WETS tables for Guilford County <ftp://ftp.wcc.nres.usda.gov/
support/climate/wetlands/nc/37081.txt> will be utilized as appropriate to determine normal
precipitation years.
If there are no normal precipitation years during the first five years of monitoring, to meet
performance criteria, the permittee will continue to monitor hydrology on the site until it reflects
that the site has been inundated or saturated as described above during a normal precipitation
year.
In the alternative, and at USACE discretion, a site may be found to meet the hydrology
performance criteria on the basis of comparison of monitoring data taken from the site with
Piedmont Triad International Airport. Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 21 October 6, 2006

monitoring data taken from an established jurisdictional mitigation reference site approved by
USACE. USACE retains the discretion to find that the hydrology criteria are met if such
monitoring data from the mitigation site and the reference site are substantially the same. This
finding by USACE may be made during years with or without normal rainfall.
In the event there are years of normal precipitation during the monitoring period, and the data
for those years do not show that the site has been inundated or saturated within the upper
12 inches of the soil for a minimum of 12.5% of the growing season (28 consecutive days)
during a normal precipitation year, USACE may require remedial action. The permittee shall
perform such required remedial action, and continue to monitor hydrology on the site until it
displays that the site has been inundated or saturated as described above, during a normal
precipitation year. If USACE determines that further remediation is not appropriate, other
options will be considered, including use of a different site to mitigate for project impacts.
The permittee will submit yearly mitigation monitoring reports by the first day of February after
each assessment period, for five years following final site manipulation. These reports will
include, at a minimum, sample plot, well, and rainfall data; number of individuals of each tree
species within the sample plot; photographs, including a location key; and problems/resolution,
and will be provided to both USACE and DWQ.
The permittee shall contact the USACE, Raleigh Regulatory Field Office, Regulatory Project
Manager, to provide that individual with the opportunity to attend the yearly mitigation monitoring
efforts.
4.3 Stream Monitoring
The "as-built" channel survey was submitted to USACE and DWQ in 2005. This survey
documented the dimension, pattern, and profile of the restored channel (including the CFa
reach specific to this project). Permanent cross-sections have been established representing
approximately 50% pools and 50% riffle areas. The permittee also included photo
documentation at cross-sections and structures; a plan view diagram; a longitudinal profile;
vegetation information; and a pebble count for permanent cross sections.
The permittee will perform Level I (Appendix C) monitoring each year for the 5-year monitoring
period. If less than two bankfull events occur during the first 5 years, the permittee will continue
monitoring until the second bankfull event is documented. The bankfull events must occur
during separate monitoring years. In the event that the required bankfull events do not occur
during the five-year monitoring period, USACE, in consultation with DWQ, may determine that
further monitoring is not required. It is suggested that all bankfull occurrences be monitored and
reported through the required monitoring period. The permittee will perform photo
documentation twice each year (summer and winter) for the 5-year monitoring period, and for
subsequently required monitoring.
The permittee will include the following information in the Level I monitoring report for the site:
reference photos; plant survival analysis; and channel stability analysis. The permittee will
complete the Monitoring Data Record, Sections 1-3, (Appendix C) for each cross-section, and
for each year of monitoring. The permittee will include in the monitoring reports a discussion of
any deviations from as-built and an evaluation of the significance of these deviations and
whether they are indicative of a stabilizing or destabilizing situation. The mitigation success
criteria, and required remediation .actions, will be based on the summary provided in Table 4,
and the Photo Documentation, Ecological Function, and Channel Stability criteria in the "Stream
Mitigation Guidelines", dated April, 2003 <http://www.saw.usace.army.mil/wetlands/Mitigation/
stream_mitigation.html>, pages 24 and 25, under "Success Criteria:".
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 22 October 6, 2006

4.4 Nuisance Species Control
The site selected for wetland creation has been chosen, in part, based on the relative lack of
existing noxious weeds. Precautionary steps will be taken not to introduce noxious weeds into
wetland mitigation area. Plant materials used for planting and seeding will be screened for the
presence of noxious weeds. The organic material used for soil amendments will be clean and
free of noxious seeds including, but not limited to, Typha spp., Phragmites sp., and
Microstegium vimineum. Steps will be taken to ensure that noxious weeds are not being
introduced into graded areas. Field observations during monitoring events will include data
collection on the presence and abundance of volunteer and noxious weed species. Invasive
and aggressive species currently known to exist on site include Chinese privet and Japanese
honeysuckle. If a problem with the presence of noxious weeds is identified, a species specific
control plan will be developed. Mechanical, manual, and chemical methods may be employed
to control identified noxious weeds.
4.5 Contingency Plan /Remedial Activities
The applicant is committed to the design and implementation of successful wetland and stream
mitigation. The applicant will take necessary remedial action if the mitigation efforts do not
achieve established success criteria. Remedial activities may include replanting of areas,
manipulation of hydrology, and/or discussions with involved parties regarding alternative
solutions. After five years, if the mitigation site has not met the minimum success criteria, then
additional measures for mitigation may be discussed. If the mitigation effort is determined to be
only partially successful at any time during the monitoring period, PTAA reserves the right to
perform appropriate adjustments.
If excessive maintenance is necessary (expenditures exceeding $300 per acre), the applicant
will work with the USACE and DWQ to select the most environmentally benign and cost-
effective method for resolving the problem. PTAA will be the responsible entity with jurisdiction
over the mitigation areas following mitigation success determinations.
4.6 Reporting
Annual mitigation monitoring reports will be prepared following completion of the wetland and
stream mitigation monitoring events for a period of five years. These reports will include
presentation of vegetation and hydrologic data, selected photographs, recorded wildlife
observations, and a discussion of the results. One copy of the report will be provided to USACE
(Raleigh Regulatory Field Office) and one copy to NCDENR (DWQ, Raleigh) by February 1
following the monitoring year. In the event success criteria are not achieved, methods for
contingency or remediation will be recommended.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 23 October 6, 2006

5 References
Baker and Associates. 2001. Stormwater Management Plan -Piedmont Triad International
Airport, Greensboro, North Carolina.
Law Engineering and Environmental Services, Inc. 2001. Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan -
Piedmont Triad International Airport, Greensboro, North Carolina.
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of Vascular Flora of the Carolinas.
University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of Natural Communities of North
Carolina.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements 24 October 6, 2006

Appendix A Wetland Creation Site Maps
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements A-1 October 6, 2006

Exhibit A-1 BC-2a USGS 7.5-Minute Topographic Quadrangle
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements A-2 October 6, 2006
b 0.1 0.2 0.3 b.4 b.5 km ~~ G
b b.b9 6.18 b.27 0.36 0.45 mi
UTM 17 595960E 3997148N (NAD27)
USES Guilford (NC) Quadrangle h4=-8.db1
Projection is UTM Zone 17 NAD83 Datum G=O. b29

~`"~' Proposed 0.6-ac.
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Exhibit A-2 BC-2a USDA NRCS Soil Survey of Guilford County
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements A-3 October 6, 2006
t 1r
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Appendix B Stream Restoration Site Maps
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements B-1 October 6, 2006

~~~~
o c r ~ r~ Zoos
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Exhibit B-1 CFa USGS 7.5-Minute Topographic Quadrangle
~E
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements B-2 October 6, 2006

Exhibit B-2 CFa USDA NRCS Soil Survey of Guilford County
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements B-3 October 6, 2006
b 0.1 ~}.,2 b .3 6.4 6.5 km ~ ~ G
0 0.69 b.18 b.27 b.36 0.45 mi
M=-8.191
G=b.815

.'..
~ C r s ~ 2n~~
RALEIGH REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
Appendix C Monitoring Data Record
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Re-ated Improvements C-1 October 6, 2006

Channel Mitigation Monitoring Sheets I, II, III, AND IV
Muuiturirtg Dxtu Recurd
Project Title: COE Action 1D:
Stream Name: DWQ Number:
City, County and other Location Information:
Date Construction Completed: Monitoring Year: ( } of 3
Ecoregion: 8 digit HUC unit
USGS QuadName and Coordinates:
Rosgen Classification:
Length of Project: Urban or Rural: Watershed Size:
Monitoring DATA collected by: Date:
Applicant Information:
Name:
Address:
Telephone Number. Email address:
Consultazit Information:
Name:
Address:
Telephone Number: Email address:
Project Status:
on toring Level required by CO and D Q (404JSect. 10 permit) 401 Cert.: Leve 1 2 3
Monitoring Leve13 requires completion of Section 1 (circle one)
Monitoring Level Z requires completion of Section 1 and Section 2
Monitoring Level l requires completion of Section 1, Section 2 and Section 3
If biological monitoring is required by L1WQ, then Section 4 should also be completed
Section 1. PIiOTO REFERENCE SITES
(Monitoring at allleveLr must eomlvlete flits section)
Attach site map showing the location atmd angle of all reference photos with a site designation (name,
number, letter, etc.} assigned to each reference photo location. Photos should be provided for all structures and cross section
locations, should show both banks and include an upstream and downstream view. Photos taken to document physical stability
should be taken in winter. Photos taken to document vegetation should betaken in summer (at representative locations). Attach
photos and a description of each reference photo or location. We recommend the use ot'aphoto identification board in each
photo to identify location.
Total number of reference photo locations at this site:
Dates reference photos have been taken at this site: _
Individual from whom additional photos can be obtained {name, address, phone):
Other Information relative to site photo reference:
If required to complete Level 3 monitoring only stop here; otherwise, complete section 2.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements C-2 October 6, 2006

Section 2. PLANT' SURVIVAL
Attach plan sheet indicating plots and sample area locations and reference photos.
Snrvival plots:
l7ATF.:
Area within the easement is:
Area sam led by survival lots:
Number of~survival plots sam led:
Random ornonrandom site selection:
Cove a within survival lots is:
Photos of reference lots taken: es/no
1'rovidc a wrtttcn description of specific data ar findings and photos os needed for clarity.
LIve Slake cuwila:
DATE:
Anea within the easement is:
Area earn led for stake survival:
Numher of plots cam led:
Random ornonrandom site selection:
Ave a number of survivin stakes:
Range of survival for all plots:
Provide a written description of specific data or fuiduigs as needed for clarity.
Tree counts•
DATE:
Area within the easement is:
Area earn led for tree survival:
Number of lots sam led:
Random ornonrandom site selection:
Avc c number of survivin trees:
Range of virvival fnr all plots:
Provide a written description of specific data or fmdings as needed for clarity.
Bankfull Events•
M
Date mcnsurcd:
of Verification:
COMMENTS:
If required to complete Level 1 an d Leve12 m onitoring or~ly stop here; otherwise, complete section 3.
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements C-3 October 6, 2006

Secilon 3. CHANNEL STABILITY
Attach plan sheets} indicating the locations of cross-sections and beginning and ending oflongitudinal profiles if the entire
reach is not profiled. Year to year changes'in cross-sections, longitudinal profile and bed material should be plotted and
submitted. Comparison overlays from previous year for profile and cross-section monitoring should be provided.
Cross sections: attach plots of each cross-section showing year to year changes.
Provide the following datafor each cross-section:
Longitudinal profiles: attach plots of the longitudinal profile showing year to year changes and the locations of installed or
natural structures that affect profile.
Date measured
Av . slo a riffles: as-built/ resent
Av .sloe ools: as-built/ resent
Number of riffles: as-built/ resent
Number ofpoolG: a~-huilt/present
Virt~91 incpecHnn: The entire stream pmject as well ac each in-stream ctntchtre and hank stahili~ationlrevettnent sfntcfitre mast
be evaluated attd problems tulch•e~sed.
Date Ins ected Station Number Station Number Station Number Station Number Station Number
Shvcturc T c
Is water piping
tlu-ough or azround
stntcfitre?
Head cut or dawn
cut resent?
Bank or scour
erosion resent?
Other problems
noted?
NOTE: Attach separate narrative sheets to each monitoring report describing,'discussing the overall
monitoring results. Include the identification of specific problem areas/channel failures,
estimated cause and proposed/required remedial action. This should include a brief discussion of any pazameter that
has changed significantly from as-built. {See success criteria discussion in Section 11.}
Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan
Runway 5R Safety Area and Related Improvements C-4 October 6, 2006
* only required for rifllc cross-sections
Pebble counts: Attach a printout of pebble count data and a graphical plot of bed material showing the cumulative °~b finer than
Xmillimetets and the number ofpazticles in standard size classes. Yeaz to year changes in bed material should also be plotted