HomeMy WebLinkAbout20081816 Ver 1_Year 3 Monitoring Report_20110804Moccasin Creek Buffer and Wetland
Restoration, Enhancement, and
Preservation Project
Wake and Franklin Counties
North Carolina
CU: 03020203
SCO# 040611501
EEP Project No. 256
Year 3 of 5 Monitoring Report
July 2011
Prepared for:
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AUG ° 4 2011
NC ECOSYSTEM
ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Ecosystem Enhancement Program
Parker Lincoln Building
2728 Capital Boulevard, Suite 1H -103
Raleigh, NC 27606
Moccasin Creek Buffer and Wetland
Restoration, Enhancement, and
Preservation Project
Wake and Franklin Counties
North Carolina
CU: 03020203
SCO# 040611501
EEP Project No. 256
Year 3 of 5 Monitoring Report
July 2011
Prepared by:
Rummel, Klepper & Kahl, LLP
900 Ridgefield Drive
Suite 350
Raleigh, NC 27609
Table of Contents
2010 Moccasin Creek Monitoring Abstract ..........
1.0 Background Information ...................................... ...............................
2.0 Monitoring Year 3 2010 Results ........................... ...............................
3.0 Photo Log ............................................................... ...............................
Appendix A — Tables and Figures .............................. ...............................
AppendixB — Gauge Graphs ...................................... ...............................
AppendixC — Plan Drawings ..................................... ...............................
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
I
.......... 5
.......... 8
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2010 Moccasin Creek Year 3 Monitoring Abstract
Moccasin Creek was previously pursued as a restoration, enhancement, and preservation
project through the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP). The goals
and objectives of this project were to ensure that functioning wetlands, natural channel
configurations in the five stream sections, and buffers along the streams have been
established by the restoration efforts. Due to the widespread beaver population and
continued destruction of planted stems, replanting in order to achieve stream, buffer and
wetland restoration success criteria is futile. In 2011, after reevaluated preconstruction
and current site conditions, EEP has determined that pursuing preservation credits is a
more appropriate mitigation strategy for Moccasin Creek.
Table 1. Background Information
Project Name
Moccasin Creek
Designer's Name
Ward Consulting Engineers, P.C.
8386 Six Forks Road, Suite 101
Raleigh, NC 27615 -5088
Contractor's Name
Husky Construction Corporation
Project County
Wake and Franklin Counties
Directions to Project Site
From Raleigh, take the U.S. 64 Highway
Bypass to the N.C. Highway 97 exit near
Zebulon. Take a left onto Highway 97, and
then next left onto Highway 39. The site is
approximately half a mile on the right.
Drainage Area
20.4 Square Miles
USGS Hydro Unit
03020203
NCDWQ Subbasin
03 -04 -07
Project Area & Length
65.14 acres of wetland preservation
4,808 linear feet of stream preservation
Date of Completion
Construction including planting from
January to March, 2006
Monitoring Dates
Apri l through November 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Table 2. Summary of Vegetation Plot Data
zone 1: Plot 1
Species
# Stems ( 03/08/06 )
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10 /10)
Taxodium distichum
14
10
12
Quercus lyrata
9
4
3
Quercus michauxii
7
3
0
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
4
0
0
Year 3 Result- 606 stems /acre
Zone 1: Plot 2
Species
# Stems ( 04/08/06)
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10 /10)
Taxodium distichum
3
0
0
Ce halanthus occidentalis
3
0
0
Quercus lyrata
5
3
2
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
9
1
0
Year 3 Result- 81 stems/ acre
Zone 1: Plot 3
Species
# Stems (04/08/06)
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10 /10)
Quercus s .
14
1
0
Nyssa sylvatica var. Mora
21
4
0
Year 3 Kesults- 0 stems/ acre
Zone 1: Plot 4
Species
# Stems (04/08/06)
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10 /10
Taxodium distichum
5
0
0
Quercus lyrata
5
0
0
Nyssa sylvatica var. Mora
4
0
0
Year 3 Results -0 stems/ acre
Zone 2: Plot l
Species
# Stems 04/08/06
# Stems 11/07
# Stems 10 /10
Platanus occidentalis
10
1
0
Quercus phellos
15
10
0
Year 3 Results- 0 stems/ acre
Zone 3: Plot 1
Species
# Stems (04/08/06)
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10/10)
Taxodium distichum
14
2
2
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
5
1
0
Year 3 Results- 81 stems/ acre
Zone 3: Plot 2
Species
# Stems 04/08/06
# Stems 11/07
# Stems 10 /10
Taxodium distichum
20
3
2
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
7
0
0
Year 3 Results- 81 stems/ acre
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
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Zone3: Plot 3
Species
# Stems (04/08/06)
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10 /10)
Quercus lyrata
15
6
2
Nyssa sylvatica var. Mora
21
4
0
Year 3 Results- 81 stems/ acre
Table 3. Vegetation Densitv
Vegetation
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Herb (% cover)
100
98
98
Shrub (% cover)
12
15
10
Tree (stems /acre)
172
0
81
Results and Discussion
For the 2010 monitoring year, groundwater gauge data and CVS vegetation plot data was
collected. Data show 2 out of 3 gauges achieved jurisdictional hydrology and only 1 out
of 8 vegetation monitoring plots met the minimum success criteria.
Due to the vegetation mortality caused by beaver activity and inundation, mitigation units
(MU) for the Moccasin Creek Site will be accrued by shifting all MU credits to
preservation. Restoration and enhancement MU will not be pursued at close out for the
Moccasin Creek site.
In 2006, stands of blackberry were treated with an herbicidal application. Since then,
more patches of blackberry have appeared and may require herbicidal treatment. It is
recommended that the site be traversed every spring, when new growth appears, to
identify patches and eradicate if deemed necessary. In 2009, Moccasin Creek was
eradicated of beavers and dams were removed. However, the prolong inundation periods
caused by beaver dams before removal resulted in high mortality rates in planted stems.
The Moccasin Creek Site also comprises of four (4) stream repair areas (repaired in 2005)
that are performing adequately. The vegetation is doing well and the banks are stable.
The beaver dams located directly downstream of the repair area were removed and no
damage to the stream channel was evident.
Moccasin Creek— EEP No. 256 3
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
1.0 Background Information
The North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) purchased the Moccasin
Creek Project Site to preserve, enhance, and restore wetlands and streams. The site is an
84 -acre undeveloped tract along Moccasin Creek. Moccasin Creek runs north -south
through the property and is the county line.
The site was originally forested with thirty to forty year old hardwoods, which were
timbered in the early 1980's by the previous owner. Pine trees were then replanted in a
majority of the timbered area. The planted pines were pre - commercially thinned in 1999 -
2000 to promote growth of the larger trees. A small area straddling Moccasin Creek that
was deemed too wet for pines was left to naturally regenerate in hardwoods. The majority
of this area failed to regenerate and prior to construction in January 2005 appeared to
have been actively maintained as a cleared area.
Haul roads were established for accessing timber removal in the early 1980's and culverts
were installed over the streams on the property. A primary access roadway was
constructed within the property from Hwy 39, which crossed over Moccasin Creek.
Approximately 650 linear feet of this roadway was constructed through wetlands. Four
culverts were installed along this main access road: one in Wolf Creek, two in Moccasin
Creek, and one in an unnamed tributary west of Moccasin Creek S3. One additional pipe
was placed for a haul road crossing of tributary S2 located within the northeastern portion
of the site.
Beavers were a problem to the previous owner after the land was cleared for timber in the
early 1980's. Prior to the state acquiring the land the previous owner routinely removed
the beaver dams on the property and trapping was performed every other year.
The Moccasin Creek site was acquired by the State of North Carolina in May 2004 and
site construction occurred in 2005.
1.1. Goals and Objectives
The mitigation goals and objectives of this project are to ensure that functioning
wetlands, natural channel configurations in the five stream sections, and buffers along the
streams have been established and maintained through preservation efforts. The goals and
objectives of this project are as follows:
1. Preservation of 65.14 acres of existing wetlands.
2. Stream preservation of 4,808 if that includes the removal of existing culverts.
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
1.2. Project Location
The project property is located on NC Highway 39 approximately 0.6 miles north of the
intersection of NC 39 and NC Highway 97 in Wake County and Franklin County, (Figure
1). From Raleigh, take U.S. Highway 64 Bypass east around Knightdale. Take U.S.
Highway 264 east then take the exit for N.C. Highway 97. Take a left onto Highway 97,
then another left onto Highway 39. The site is approximately 0.6 miles on the right. A
gated, gravel road off NC 39 accesses the property (Latitude 35 °50'33" and Longitude
78'16'17"). The site is in the Neuse River Basin in Cataloging Unit 03020203, NCDWQ
Subbasin 03- 04 -07.
1.3. Project Description
The project site consists of approximately 65 acres of jurisdictional wetlands consisting
of bottomland swamp hardwoods in various stages of succession, freshwater marsh, and
pine plantation. In 2005, 0.42 acres of wetlands on site were restored and 5.3 acres of
wetlands were enhanced. Although these areas have established as jurisdiction wetlands,
they do not meet the regulatory woody stem density mitigation criteria. Approximately
65 acres of wetlands within the easement boundary are preserved.
There are three named streams, Moccasin Creek, Wolf Creek, and Beaverdam Creek, and
three unnamed streams, S1, S2, and S3, located on the property. Moccasin Creek, the
main drainage feature, is an E type sand bed perennial stream, with very little incision,
that enters the property through the northern property line, travels south to bisect the
upper one -third of the property, and then becomes the western property line below
Beaverdam Creek. The overall length within the project site is approximately 4,808 linear
feet.
2.0 Year 2010 Results and Discussion
2.1 Wetland Vegetation
A total of eight 10 x 10 meter (30' X 30') vegetation- monitoring plots were established
within the three planting zones on the Moccasin Creek Wetland Mitigation Site. The
DOT Stem Counting Protocol was used to monitor each plot for baseline, MY1 and
MY2. A subsequent CVS Protocol evaluation was utilized to determine plot statistics for
2010 MY3. Zone 1 (5.12 acres) contains four plots (1 -4), Zone 2 (0.6 acres) contains one
plot (1), and Zone 3 (3.56 acres) contains three plots (1 -3). Vegetation monitoring results
are displayed in Table 2a.
A new rain gauge and a replacement Gauge 3 were installed on site in December of 2006.
Due to evidence of trespassing, the gate was locked with a combination lock. Please
contact EEP for the lock combination.
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 5
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
2.1.1 Results and Discussion
On March 8, 2006 the initial vegetation monitoring count was performed for all eight
plots. The initial planting resulted in 2516 stems/ acre for Zone 1, 1210 stems/ acre for 8
Zone 2, and 1322 stems/ acre for Zone 3. The totals were 1276 stems/ acre for the entire
Moccasin Creek Mitigation Site. During October 2010, the year three vegetation counts
were performed. Results of sampled vegetation stem counts within the eight plots are
shown in Table 2a, and estimated density of tree stems (representative tree species) and
percent cover of herb and shrub cover is presented in Table 3. Locations of the vegetation
plots are shown in the Current Conditions Plan View (Figure 3), and photographs of the
vegetation monitoring plots are located in Section 3.0, Photo Log.
Zone 1: (5.12 acres) The average density of Zone 1 is 172 stems per acre. Plot 1 had a
density of 606 stems per acre. Plot 2 had a density of 81 stems per acre, Plot 3 (0 stems),
and Plot 4 (0 stems). `Blackberry" Rubus sp., "knot weed" Polygonum sp., and "common
rush' Juncus effusus, are located within the vegetation plots and have out competed the
planted stems.
Zone 2: (0.6 acres) The average density of Zone 2 is 0 stems per acre. Plot 1 of Zone 2
resulted in a density of 0 stems per acre. The mortality rate is due to the competition of
"Blackberry" Rubus sp., "knot weed" Polygonum sp., and "common rush' Juncus effusus
along with the beaver flooding that occurred previously.
Zone 3: (3.56 acres) The average density of Zone 3 is 81 stems per acre. Plots 1, Plot 2,
and Plot 3 each resulted in 81 stems per acre. The mortality rate is due to the competition
of `Blackberry" Rubus sp., "knot weed" Polygonum sp., and "common rush' Juncus
effusus along with the beaver flooding that occurred previously.
The low survivorship of the planted tree species is due to the following contributing
factors:
1. Competition from native successional species
2. Small plant material size used for at planting
3. Long periods of water inundation for saplings to become established which
may have been caused by the beaver dam.
5. Drought conditions (2006 and 2007)
2.2 Wetland Hydrology
Three groundwater gauges were installed and one rain gauge was installed on site and are
shown in the Current Conditions Plan View (Figure 3). Gauge 1 is located in the
northwest quadrant of the project site at an elevation of 220.34 feet. Groundwater Gauge
2 is located in the southeast quadrant of the project site at an elevation of 219.91 feet.
Groundwater Gauge 3 is located in the center of the project site on the east side of Wolf
Creek at an elevation of 219.40. For the intermittently exposed and semi - permanently
flooded regions, the criteria to meet the soil conditions is having ponded, flooded, or
saturated soils within 12 inches of the soil surface for 12.5 % of the growing season
during years of normal precipitation.
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 6
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
2.2.1 Results and Discussion
The initial monitoring of Groundwater Gauge 1, 2, and 3 commenced on January 30,
2005. The growing season is considered to be 213 days (April 5- November 3). Gauge
locations are depicted in Figure 3 and rainfall amounts along with groundwater gauge
data can be seen in Appendix A. Analysis of Groundwater Gauge 1 and Gauge 2 indicate
that groundwater levels were within 12 inches of the soil surface or more than 12.5 % of
the growing season. Gauge 1 yielded 17 %, Gauge 2 yielded 13 %, and Gauge 3 yielded
2% of the hydro - period respectively. It appears that Gauge 3 may be experiencing
drawdown from its installed location next to Wolf Creek resulting in a skewed data set.
2.3 Stream Restoration
Stream restoration was completed in conjunction with vegetation establishment and
removal of the existing culverts and roadway. Removal of the culverts restored natural
channel configurations to approximately 311 linear feet of sections of Moccasin Creek,
Wolf Creek, and unnamed tributaries S1, S2, and S3. Culverts were removed along with
fill material and the streambed and bank were re- established to match the stable channel
conditions directly upstream and downstream of the repair area.
2.3.1 Results and Discussion
The areas of repair were examined and it was determined that there has been no damage
since construction. However, beaver dams downstream of the repair area on Moccasin
Creek caused site flooding in 2008 and 2009. These dams were removed in 2009 and the
stream levels returned to normal flow conditions. No damage to the stream restoration
has occurred as a result of beaver dams or dam removal.
2.4 Areas of Concern & Site Recommendations
Mitigation Units (MU) for the Moccasin Creek Site will be accrued by shifting all MU
credits to preservation. Restoration and enhancement MU will not be pursued on the
Moccasin Creek site after the 2010 MY3 monitoring year.
Colonies of "blackberry" (Rubus sp.), that were previously treated with an herbicidal
application may need additional treatments under optimal seasonal conditions to eradicate
these plants. It is recommend that an annual spring assessment of blackberry be
conducted to determine if subsequent herbicidal application is warranted.
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 7
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
� 1
�_ i
3.0 Photo Log
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 $
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Vegetation Plot Photographs, Zone 1, Plot 1
October 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Vegetation Plot Photographs, Zone 1, Plot 2
October 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 10
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
October 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
October 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 12
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Vegetation Plot Photographs, Zone 2, Plot 1
October 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 13
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
October 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 14
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
October 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 15
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
October 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 16
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Stream Restoration Area
December 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 17
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Appendix A
Figures and Tables
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 18
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
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Figure 1: Location Map
Moccasin Creek Buffer & Wetland Restoration, Enhancement & Preservation Project,
Wake & Franklin Counties
CU: 03020203
Latitude 35 °50'33 ", Longitude 78'16'17"
Scale: 1" = 100,000 feet
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Table 1. Background Information
Project Name
Moccasin Creek
Designer's Name
Ward Consulting Engineers, P.C.
8386 Six Forks Road, Suite 101
Raleigh, NC 27615 -5088
Contractor's Name
Husky Construction Corporation
Project County
Wake and Franklin Counties
Directions to Project Site
From Raleigh, take the U.S. 64 Highway
Bypass to the N.C. Highway 97 exit near
Zebulon. Take a left onto Highway 97, and
then next left onto Highway 39. The site is
approximately half a mile on the right.
Drainage Area
20.4 Square Miles
USGS Hydro Unit
03020203
NCDWQ Subbasin
03 -04 -07
Project Area & Length
311 linear feet of stream restoration
0.38 acres of wetland restoration
4.93 acres of wetland enhancement
43.21 acres of wetland preservation
Restoration Approach
311 linear feet of stream restoration
accomplished by removing culverts and
reshaping the channel to appropriate
dimensions
0.38 acres wetland restoration
accomplished by removing the access road
and grading to match the surrounding
wetlands' elevation
4.93 acres wetland enhancement in the
altered fields was accomplished by
restoring natural forested communities
Date of Completion
Construction including planting from
January to March, 2006
Monitoring Dates
April through November 2010
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 22
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Table 2. Summary of Vegetation Plot Data
Zone 1 • Plot 1
Species
# Stems 03/08/06
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems 10/10
Taxodium distichum
14
10
12
Quercus lyrata
9
4
3
Quercus michauxii
7
3
0
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
4
0
0
Year 3 Result- 606 stems /acre
Zone 1: Plot 2
Species
# Stems ( 04/08/06)
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10 /10)
Taxodium distichum
3
0
0
Ce halanthus occidentalis
3
0
0
Quercus lyrata
5
3
2
Nyssa sylvatica var. bi ora
9
1
0
Year 3 Result- 81 stems/ acre
Zone 1: Plot 3
Species
# Stems (04/08/06)
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10 /10)
Quercus s .
14
1
0
Nyssa sylvatica var. Mora
21
4
0
Year 3 Results- 0 stems/ acre
Zone 1: Plot 4
Species
# Stems 04/08/06)
# Stems 11/07
# Stems 10 /10
Taxodium distichum
5
0
0
Quercus lyrata
5
0
0
Nyssa sylvatica var. bi ora
4
0
0
Year 3 Results -0 stems/ acre
Zone 2: Plot 1
Species
# Stems 04/08/06
# Stems 11/07
# Stems 10 /10
Platanus occidentalis
10
1
0
Quercus phellos
15
10
0
Year 3 Results- 0 stems/ acre
Zone 3: Plot 1
Species
# Stems 04/08/06
# Stems 11/07)
# Stems 10 /10
Taxodium distichum
14
2
2
Nyssa sylvatica var. bi ora
5
1
0
Year 3 Results- 81 stems/ acre
Zone 3: Plot 2
Species
# Stems 04/08/06
# Stems 11/07
# Stems 10 /10
Taxodium distichum
20
3
2
Nyssa sylvatica var. bi ora
7
0
0
Year 3 Results- 81 stems/ acre
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 23
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Zone3: Plot 3
Species
# Stems (04/08/06)
# Stems (11/07)
# Stems (10/10)
uercus 1 rata
15
6
2
N ssa sylvatica var. bi ora
21
4
0
Year 3 Results- 81 stems/ acre
Table 3. Vegetation Density
Vegetation
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Herb (% cover)
100
98
98
Shrub (% cover)
12
15
10
Tree (stems /acre)
172
0
81
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 24
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
Appendix B
Gauge Graphs
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 25
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
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Appendix C
Plan Drawings of Wetlands
Moccasin Creek — EEP No. 256 29
August 3, 2011 - Monitoring Year 3 of 5
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