20081011 Ver 1_Year 1 Monitoring Report_20090928

K- �0 I
YEAR 1 (2009)
ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT
COLUMBUS SWAMP WETLAND RESTORATION SITE
ROBESON /COLUMBUS COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
(Contract 000619)
FULL DELIVERY PROJECT
TO PROVIDE RIPARIAN WETLAND MITIGATION
IN THE LUMBER RIVER BASIN
CATALOGING UNIT 03040203
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared by:
And
IlUiil� iZEOUICE $ Axiom Environmental, Inc.
Resiornlion 3:Cot�sel� �tlion
Restoration Systems, LLC Axiom Environmental, Inc.
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211 20 Enterprise Street, Suite 7
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604 Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
September 2009
Fp
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Restoration Systems, L.L.C. has completed restoration of riparian wetlands at the Columbus Swamp
Wetland Restoration Site (hereafter referred to as the "Site ") to assist the North Carolina Ecosystem
Enhancement Program in fulfilling wetland mitigation goals. The Site, located approximately 11 miles
southeast of Lumberton (34.4597 °N, 78.9002 °W NAD 83/WGS84), on the Robeson and Columbus
County line, provides 32 riparian wetland mitigation units as outlined in the April 2007 Technical
Proposal and calculated as stipulated in RFP #16- 1307033. The Site is located in United States Geological
Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Unit 03040203170020 (North Carolina Division of Water Quality Subbasin
03- 07 -53) of the Lumber River Basin. This report serves as the Year 1 (2009) annual monitoring report.
Primary activities at the Site included 1) wetland restoration, 2) wetland enhancement, 3) soil
scarification, and 4) plant community restoration. Project restoration efforts will provide a minimum of
32 riparian Wetland Mitigation Units.
Ten vegetation plots (10 meters by 10 meters in size) were established and permanently monumented.
These plots were surveyed in early September 2009 for the Year 1 (2009) monitoring season. Based on
the number of stems present, the average density of all plots was 664 planted stems per acre surviving in
Year 1 (2009). The dominant species identified at the Site were planted stems of bald cypress (Taxodium
distichum) and water oak (Quercus nigra). One of the ten vegetation plots (Plot 3) contained no planted
stems due to extreme wetness in that portion of the Site. Supplemental planting in approximately four
acres around this plot will occur in early 2010 with species tolerant of long periods of soil saturation
and/or surface inundation. No other vegetation problem areas were noted during the Year 1 (2009)
monitoring season.
Seven Restoration Site and one reference groundwater monitoring gauges were operated for the Year 1
(2009) monitoring season. All monitored gauges within restoration areas were inundate&saturated within
12 inches of the surface for greater than 10 percent (ranging from 15.7 -44.6 percent) of the growing
season. No wetland problem areas were noted during Year 1 (2009) monitoring.
In summary, the Restoration Site achieved success criteria for vegetation and hydrology attributes in the
First Monitoring Year (2009).
Annual Monitoring Report Executive Summary
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVESUMMARY ........................................................................................ ..............................i
1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................... ..............................1
1.1 Location and Setting ................................................................................. ............................... 1
1.2 Project Objectives ..................................................................................... ............................... 1
1.3 Project Structure, Restoration Type, and Approach .................................... ............................... 1
1.4 Project History and Background ................................................................. ..............................2
2.0 PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS .......................... ............................... 3
2.1 Vegetation Assessment ............................................................................... ..............................3
2.1.1 Vegetation Success Criteria ............................................................... ............................... 4
2.1.2 Vegetative Problem Areas .................................................................. ..............................4
2.2 Wetland Assessment .................................................................................. ..............................4
2.2.1 Wetland Success Criteria .................................................................... ..............................6
2.2.2 Wetland Problem Areas ...................................................................... ..............................6
2.2.3 ' Wetland Criteria Attainment ............................................................... ..............................6
3.0 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................... ..............................7
4.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................. ............................... 8
FIGURES
Figure1. Site Location ........................................................................... ............................... Appendix A
Figure 2. Monitoring Plan ....................................................................... ............................... Appendix A
TABLES
Table 1.
Site Restoration Structures and Objectives .................................................. ..............................2
Table 2.
Project Activity and Reporting History ....................................................... ............................... 2
Table3.
Project Contacts .......................................................................................... ..............................3
Table4.
Project Background ..................................................................................... ..............................3
Table 5.
Characteristic Tree Species ........................................................................ ............................... 4
Table 6.
Wetland Criteria Attainment for Year 1 ( 2009) ........................................... ............................... 6
Table 7.
Summary of Groundwater Gauge Results ................................................... ............................... 7
Table 8.
Summary of Planted Vegetation Plot Results ............................................... ..............................7
Annual Monitoring Report page i
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. FIGURES
1. Site Location
2. Monitoring Plan
APPENDIX B. VEGETATION DATA
1. Vegetation Survey Data Tables
2. Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos
APPENDIX C. HYDROLOGY DATA
2009 Groundwater Gauge Data
Annual Monitoring Report page
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 Location and Setting
Restoration Systems, L.L.C. (Restoration Systems) has completed restoration of riparian wetlands at the
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site (hereafter referred to as the "Site ") to assist the North Carolina
Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) in fulfilling wetland mitigation goals. The Site, located
approximately 11 miles southeast of Lumberton (34.4597 °N, 78.9002 °W NAD 83/WGS84), on the
.Robeson and Columbus County line, provides 32 riparian wetland mitigation units as outlined in the April
2007 Technical Proposal and calculated as stipulated in RFP #16- 1307033 (Figure 1, Appendix A). The
Site is located in United States Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Unit 03040203170020 (North
Carolina Division of Water Quality Subbasin 03- 07 -53) of the Lumber River Basin.
Directions to the Site:
➢ From Raleigh, take I -40 east to 1 -95 south
➢ Take exit 14 from I -95 and travel east on US -74
➢ Take the first left on Old Boardman Road
➢ After approximately 2.5 miles, turn left on Paul Willoughby Road
➢ Travel approximately 0.5 mile, the Site is on the left
➢ Latitude, Longitude of Site: 34.4597 °N, 78.9002 °W (NAD83 /WGS84)
1.2 Project Objectives
The primary components of the restoration project included 1) enhancement of water quality functions
within, upstream, and downstream of the Site; 2) restoration/enhancement of jurisdictional riparian
wetlands in the Site; 3) reforestation of the Site with native vegetation; 4) improvement of aquatic habitat
and species diversity by removing nonpoint and point sources of pollution; and 5) restoration of wildlife
functions associated with a riparian wetland system.
1.3 Project Structure, Restoration Type, and Approach
An approximately 40 -acre conservation easement was placed on the Site to incorporate all restoration
activities. The Site is situated at the outer floodplain edge of Big Swamp at the confluence of Big Swamp
and a smaller tributary, Brier Creek. Big Swamp serves as the primary hydrologic feature at the Site. The
Big Swamp floodplain is approximately three quarters of a mile in width, extending to timber tracts on the
northern rim of the drainage feature. Prior to construction, an extensive ditch system had been excavated to
drain the Site for agricultural land uses. Interfield ditches had been excavated to a depth of approximately
4 to 5 feet and resulting spoil was used to construct a berm/road that bordered Site agricultural fields. The
berm hindered surface water from Big Swamp from accessing agricultural fields during wetter periods of
the year.
Restoration of Site wetlands will result in positive benefits for water quality and biological diversity in the
watershed. Targeted mitigation efforts, which focused on improving water quality, enhancing flood
attenuation, restoring aquatic and riparian habitat, and improving biological diversity in the Lumber River
watershed were accomplished by:
1. Removing nonpoint and point sources of pollution associated with agricultural practices including
a) cessation of broadcasting fertilizer, pesticides, and other agricultural chemicals into and adjacent
to the Site and b) provide a forested riparian buffer to treat surface runoff.
2. Restoring Site hydrology by filling approximately 8000 linear feet of existing drainage ditches,
thereby promoting flood storage, nutrient cycling, and aquatic wildlife habitat.
Annual Monitoring Report page 1
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

3. Restoring soil structure through appropriate soil modifications and physical alteration (grading,
ripping, etc.).
4. Reforesting a native wetland community, thereby reestablishing habitat diversity and functional
continuity.
5. Enhancing and protecting the Site's full potential of wetland functions and values in perpetuity.
6. Providing a terrestrial wildlife corridor and refuge in an area segmented for agricultural production.
As constructed, the Site restored historic wetland functions, which existed onsite prior to ditching,
agricultural impacts, and vegetation removal. The Site restoration design mimicked a nearby reference
wetland. Site construction resulted in 33.5 acres of riparian wetland restoration and 2.5 acres of riparian
wetland enhancement (Table 1).
Table 1. Site Restoration Structures and Objectives
Restoration
Segment/
Reach ID
Station
Range
Mitigation
Type
Priority
Approach
Existing
Linear
Footage/
Acreage
Designed
Linear
Footage/
Acreage
Comment
NA
December 2008
Site Planting
NA
January 2009
Mitigation Plan/As- builts
Filling agricultural ditches,
February 2009
Year 1 (2009) Monitoring
November 2009
September 2009
removing a berm and spoil
Restoration
--
--
33.5
castings, eliminating row
Riparian/
crop production, rehydrating
Riverine
floodplain soils, and planting
Wetlands
with native forest vegetation.
Eliminating row crop
--
Enhancement
--
2.5
2.5
production and planting with
native forest vegetation.
1.4 Project History and Background
Completed project activities, reporting history, completion dates, project contacts, and background
information are summarized in Tables 2 -4.
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Activity or Report
Data
Collection
Corn letion
Actual
Completion
or Delivery
Restoration Plan
April 2008
April 2008
Construction Completion
NA
December 2008
Site Planting
NA
January 2009
Mitigation Plan/As- builts
February 2009
February 2009
Year 1 (2009) Monitoring
November 2009
September 2009
Annual Monitoring Report page 2
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

Table 3. Project Contacts
Full Delivery Provider
Restoration Systems
Drainage impervious cover estimate ( %)
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Physiogra hic Region
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Ecoregion
George Howard and John Preyer (919) 755 -9490
Designer and Year 1 Monitoring
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
Performer
20 Enterprise Street, Suite 7
USGS HUC
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
NCDWQ Subbasin
Grant Lewis (919) 215 -1693
Construction Contractor
Land Mechanics Designs, Inc.
Any portion of any project segment 303d listed?
126 Circle G Lane
Any portion of any project segment upstream of a
303d listed segment?
Willow Spring, North Carolina 27592
Reasons for 303d listing or stressor
Lloyd Glover (919) 422 -3392
Planting Contractor
Carolina Silvics
908 Indian Trail Road
Edenton, North Carolina 27932
Dwight McKinney (252) 482 -8491
Table 4. Project Background
Project County
Columbus /Robeson County, North Carolina
Drainage impervious cover estimate ( %)
< 1
Physiogra hic Region
Coastal Plain
Ecoregion
Southeastern Plains
Dominant Soil Types
Johnston
Reference Site ID
Big Swamp
USGS HUC
03040203170020
NCDWQ Subbasin
03 -07 -53
NCDWQ Classification
C Sw (Stream Index # 14- 22 -17)
Any portion of any project segment 303d listed?
No
Any portion of any project segment upstream of a
303d listed segment?
No
Reasons for 303d listing or stressor
Not Applicable
% of project easement fenced
0%
1.5 Monitoring Plan View
Monitoring activities for the Site, including relevant structures and utilities, project features, specific
project structures, and monitoring features are detailed in the monitoring plan (Figure 2, Appendix A). Site
features including vegetation, wetland hydrology, and photographic documentation were monitored in Year
1 (2009).
2.0 PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS
2.1 Vegetation Assessment
Following Site construction, ten plots (10 meters by 10 meters in size) were established and monumented
with metal fence posts at all plot corners and PVC at each plot origin. Sampling was conducted as outlined
in the CVS -EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation, Version 4.0 (Lee et al. 2006)
( http: / /cvs.bio.unc.edu/methods.htm); results are included in Appendix B. The taxonomic standard for
Annual Monitoring Report page 3
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

vegetation used for this document was Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and Surrounding Areas
(Weakley 2007). The locations of vegetation monitoring plots were placed to accurately represent the
entire Site and are depicted on the monitoring plan (Figure 2, Appendix A).
2.1.1 Vegetation Success Criteria
Success criteria have been established to verify that the vegetation component supports community
elements necessary for forest development. Success criteria are dependent upon the density and growth of
characteristic forest species. Additional success criteria are dependent upon density and growth of
"Characteristic Tree Species." Characteristic Tree Species include planted species, species identified
through inventory of a reference (relatively undisturbed) forest community used to orient the planting plan,
and appropriate Schafale and Weakley (1990) community descriptions. All species planted and identified
in the reference forest will be utilized to define "Characteristic Tree Species" as termed in the success
criteria (Table 5).
Table 5. Characteristic Tree Species
Planted Species
Reference Species
River birch ( Betula nigra)
Red maple (Acer rubrum)
Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
American holly (Ilex opaca)
Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
Sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana)
Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
Swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora)
Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
Red bay (Persea borbonia)
Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
Water oak (Quercus nigra)
Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii)
Bald cypress ( Taxodium distichum)
Bald cypress ( Taxodium distichum)
An average density of 320 stems per acre of Characteristic Tree Species must be surviving at the end of the
third monitoring year. Subsequently, 290 Characteristic Tree Species per acre must be surviving at the end
of Year 4 and 260 Characteristic Tree Species per acre at the end of Year 5.
2.1.2 Vegetative Problem Areas
Vegetation sampling across the Site was above the required average density with an overall average of 664
planted stems per acre. One of the ten vegetation plots (Plot 3) contained no planted stems due to extreme
wetness in that portion of the Site. Groundwater Gauge 3, immediately adjacent to this plot, indicated the
longest hydroperiod (108 consecutive days or 44.6% of the growing season) of all gauges on the site.
Ground observations indicated that there is an area of about four acres around this plot with heavy stands of
obligate wetland plants and evidence of standing water. Supplemental planting in this area will be made in
early 2010 with species tolerant of long periods of soil saturation or surface inundation (Nyssa biflora,
Taxodium distichum, and Betula nigra).
2.2 Wetland Assessment
Annual Monitoring Report page 4
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

Seven Restoration Site and one reference groundwater monitoring gauges were maintained and monitored
throughout the Year 1 (2009) growing season. Graphs of groundwater hydrology and precipitation from a
nearby rain station are included in Appendix C.
Annual Monitoring Report page 5
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

2.2.1 Wetland Success Criteria
Target hydrological characteristics include a minimum regulatory wetland hydrology criteria based upon
reference groundwater modeling. Evaluation of success criteria will also be supplemented by sampling and
data comparison between restoration areas and the reference wetland site. Hydrology success criteria for
the five -year monitoring period will include a minimum regulatory criterion, comprising saturation (free
water) within one foot of the soil surface for 10 percent of the growing season.
Wetland hydroperiods measured by a groundwater gauge located within the reference area will be
compared to the hydroperiods exhibited by groundwater gauges in the restoration area to further evaluate
restoration success. Success criteria outlined by the groundwater model indicates that the wetland
restoration area should maintain saturation within one foot of the soil surface for at least 75 percent of the
hydroperiod exhibited by the reference wetland gauges in any given year.
2.2.2 Wetland Problem Areas
No wetland problem areas were identified within the Site during Year 1 (2009) monitoring.
2.2.3 Wetland Criteria Attainment
All monitored gauges within restoration areas were inundated/saturated within 12 inches of the surface for
greater than 5 percent (ranging from 15.7 -44.6 percent) of the growing season (Table 6). Hydrographs
containing groundwater and precipitation data for each gauge can be found in Appendix C.
Table 6. Wetland Criteria Attainment for Year 1 (2009)
Gauge ID
Hydrology
Threshold
Met?
Hydrophytic
Vegetation
Criteria Met?
Site
Mean
Vegetation
Plot ID
Vegetation
Survival
Threshold Met?
Site
Mean
1
Yes
Yes
100%
1
Yes
90%
2
Yes
Yes
2
Yes
3
Yes
Yes
3
No
4
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
5
Yes
Yes
5
Yes
6
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
7
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
8
Yes
9
Yes
10
Yes
Annual Monitoring Report page 6
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

3.0 CONCLUSIONS
The Site achieved the defined (or targeted) success criteria, with saturation (free water) within one foot of
the soil surface for a minimum of 10 percent of the growing season, for all Site groundwater gauges in the
First Monitoring Year (Year 2009). A summary of groundwater gauge data for the Year 1 (2009) is
included in Table 7. Also, vegetation plots across the Site were above the required 320 stems per acre with
an average of 664 planted tree stems per acre in the First Monitoring Year (Year 2009) (Table 8). One of
the ten vegetation plots contained no planted stems; supplemental planting within this area is will occur in
early 2010.
Table 7. Summary of Groundwater Gauge Results
Gauge
Success Criteria Achieved /Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season ( %)
Year 1 (2009)_
Year 2 2010
Year 3 2011
Year 4 2012
Year 5 2013
1
769
Year 1 2009
Year 2 2010
Year 3 2011
Year 4 2012
Year 5 2013
1
Yes /47 days
3
0
(19.4 percent)
.
".
4
2
Yes /54 days
5
769
(22.3 percent)
6
3
Yes /108 days
7
809
(44.6 percent)
8
4
Yes /39 days
9
647
(16.1 percent)
10
5
Yes /38 days
Average 10 Plots
664
(15.7 percent)
6
Yes /100 days
(41.3 percent)
Yes /45 days
7
(18.6 percent)
Ref 1
Yes /47 days
(19.4 percent)
.'
Table 8. Summary of Planted Vegetation Plot Results
Plot
Planted Stems /Acre Counting Towards Success Criteria
Year 1 (2009)_
Year 2 2010
Year 3 2011
Year 4 2012
Year 5 2013
1
769
2
728
3
0
".
4
647
5
769
6
890
7
809
8
971
9
647
10
405
Average 10 Plots
664
Annual Monitoring Report page 7
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

4.0 REFERENCES
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Technical
Report Y -87 -1. United States Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Mississippi.
Lee, Michael T., R.K. Peet, S.D. Roberts, and T.R. Wentworth. 2006. CVS -EEP Protocol for
Recording Vegetation, Version 4.0. (online). Available:
httD:Hcvs.bio.unc.edu/methods.htm
Schafale, M. P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina: Third Approximation, NC Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and
Recreation, NC DEM, Raleigh NC.
Weakley, Alan S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and Surrounding Areas
(online). Available: http: / /www. herbarium .unc.edu /WeakleysFIora.pdf [February 1,
2008]. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Weather Underground. 2009. Station in Lumberton, North Carolina. (online). Available:
http: / /www.wunderground.com/ history /airport/KLBT /2009 /9 /8/Dail, Hy istory.html ?recd
[September 8, 2009]. Weather Underground.
Annual Monitoring Report page 8
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

APPENDIX A
FIGURES
1. Site Location
2. Monitoring Plan
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

Lumberton
211
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k.
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131
242
Site Location yv
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,/NAD83/WGS84
x-11 .x�?' - i=- •\ // �, - 4°
o,/
� `` �� ( „n _ _ - �.�'�c,l��i9._ boa • . «.•.:f'D
z4 2a2
- .4-Ma�jon a 0. Rd. Q mi
41 c 2a2
lone,, .4
From Raleigh
Take I -40 E to I -95 S
Take Exit 14 From 1 -95, go East on US -74
=i
Take First Left on Old Boardman Road
After 2.5 Miles, Left on Paul Wiloughby Road
After 0.5 Mile, Site is on Left f ;
0 1 ml. 4 mi. 242 r w 6
1:158,400 r ti un,
Source: 1977 North Carolina Atlas and Gazetteer, pp.81 & 82. ._�_ — a
Dwn. by: CLF
20 Enterprise Street SITE LOCATION Ckd by: FIGURE
Suite 7
Raleigh, NC 27607 COLUMBUS SWAMP WETLAND wCL A
[phone] RESTORATION SITE Date: January 2009 I
L 11 Robeson /Columbus Counties, North Carolina I I PfOJect' 08 -003

Dwn. By: FIGURE
20 Enterprise Street MONITORING PLAN WGL
SWCe7 igh, NC 27607 COLUMBUS SWAMP WETLAND Date:
Rale January 2009
(919) 215 -1693 RESTORATION SITE
Columbus /Robeson Counties, North Carolina Project:
08 -003

APPENDIX B
VEGETATION DATA
1. Vegetation Survey Data Tables
2. Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

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Year 1 (2009) Annual Monitoring
Vegetation Plot Photos
Taken September 2009
PM �
HA �
Rai 2
HW 4
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Year 1 (2009) Annual Monitoring
Vegetation Plot Photos
Taken September 2009
(continued)
PM fi�
Plot 9
Annual Monitoring Report
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
N °�0 X10
Appendices

APPENDIX C
HYDROLOGY DATA
2009 Groundwater Gauge Graphs
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Columbus Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

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