20070812 Ver 1_Badin Lake PCB Capping_20110629

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DAVID GLASER, PH.D.
ANCHOR 305 West Grand Avenue
kt, Suite 300
OEAc_.c?v ? Montvale, NJ 07645
[e-mail]
T 201.930.9890
F 201.930.9805
C 201.988.2656
JOHN R. VERDUIN III, P.E.
Principal Engineer

- ANCHOR 720 Olive Way
0EA c,w Suite 1900
Seattle, WA 98101
T 206.287.9130
F 206.287.9131
[e-mail]
Defining Environmental Solutions
www.bheenvironmental.com
TIMOTHY P. GESSNER, PE, MBA
Vice President
Engineering & Site Assesment
Direct 513.326.1518
ENVIRONMENTAL
Mobile [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
BHE Environmental, Inc. 513.326.1500
11733 Chesterdale Road Cincinnati, Ohio 45246
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Y •
Docket # 00 -SF- X55
IN RE:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
...AND NATURAL RESOURCES .: .
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
SUPERFUND SECTION
ALCOA NARROWS
POWERHOUSE
BADIN, NORTH CAROLINA
MONTGOMERY COUNTY-
NONCD0001081
ADMINISTRATIVE AGREEMENT
FOR STATE-DIRECTED
REMEDIAL ACTION
PURSUANT TO N.C.G.S.130A-310.9(b)
DOCKET NUMBER 08-SF- j6y
The following constitutes the agreement of the parties hereto. Alcoa Power Generating,
Inc. (APGI) concurs with the -conclusions of law contained herein solely for purposes of this
Administrative Agreement (Agreement).
I. JURISDICTION
This Agreement is entered into under. authority vested in the Secretary of the
North Carolina .Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Department) by
North . Carolina's Inactive. Hazardous Sites Response Act of 1987 (the Act), which
donstitutes Part 3, Article 9 of Chapter 130A of the North Carolina General Statutes
(N.C.G.S.): N.C.G.S. 130A-310 et seq. This authority has been delegated to the Chief of
the Superfund Section of the North Carolina Division of Waste Management (Chief).
II. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
This Agreement is entered. into for the purppse of addressing the hazardous
substance or waste disposal site (the Site) def ned in Section, TII. A. 'of this Agreement. In
entering into this Agreement, the obj ective of the Division of Waste Management
(Division) and APGI is for APGI to implement a voluntary. remedial action-program
approved by the Division involving: implementation of the approved Remedial Action
Plan.
III. STIPULATIONS OF FACT
A. For purposes of N.C.G.S. 130A-310(3) and this Agreement, the "Site" is defined
as the cove area and powerhouse associated with the Narrows dam, which are
owned or utilized by APGI; the "Site" is located in Montgomery. County, North
Carolina, just off of Pine Street in or near the Town of Badin, North Carolina.
alo?ce'?' -* o-, - 6-P - 25.5.
B: APGI conducted remedial investigations at the Site from 2001 through
2006.
C. Soil.sampling at the Site has revealed the presence of PCBs and lead.
IV. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
A. The substances identified in Sections III. C. above are hazardous
substances as defined in the Comprehensive. Environmental Response,
Compensation- and Liability Act/Superfund - Amendments and
Reauthorization Act, 42 U.S.C. Section 9601 et seq., and are thus such
substances for purposes of the Act pursuant to N.C.G.S. 130A-310(2).
B. The Site is an inactive hazardous substance or waste disposal site for.
purposes of the Act pursuant to N.C.G.S. 130A-310(3).
C.: APGI is an owner, operator, or other responsible party, in relation to the
Site within the meaning of N.C.G.S. 130A-310.9, pursuant to N.C.G.S.
130A-310(4), -310(5), -310(9), and -310.7.
D. Under N.C.G.S. 130A-310.9(b), the Secretary, and by delegation, the
Chief, is authorized. to enter into agreements with owners, operators, or
other responsible parties for implementation of voluntary remedial action
programs as to inactive hazardous substance or waste disposal sites in
accordance with 'remedial action plans approved by the, Department.
V. - WORK TO BE PERFORMED .
All work performed pursuant to plans approved under this Agreement, the
approved Remedial Action Plan for remediation of contaminated media at the
Site, and the provisions of the current Inactive Hazardous Sites 'Program
Guidelines for Assessment and Cleanup ("Guidelines") as are explicitly noted to
be applicable' by the terms of either the Agreement or the Remedial Action Plan.
"k APGI has submitted to the Division a draft Remedial Action Plan for
review, a copy of which is attached and incorporated by reference (the
"Draft Remedial Action Plan").
B. The Division has tentatively determined that the Draft Remedial Action
Plan is suitable for public notice in accordance with G.S. 130A-310.9(b)
and G.S 130A-310.4(6)(2).
'C.- APGI shall provide to the Division the number of additional copies of the
proposed Remedial Action Plan determined by the Division to be required
for distribution to the local health director, register -of deeds, and each
public library in the county where the Site is located, if requested by the
Docket # 21 -3F_ 255
Division. The Division shall also mail notice of the Remedial Action Plan
to those who have requested notice that such plans have been developed,
as provided in N.C.G.S. 130A-310.4(c)(2). The Division will receive and
consider comments in accordance with the terms of that notice, and will
not approve the Remedial Action Plan until at least thirty (30) days after
public notice is provided.
D. Within thirty (30) days of receiving "notice from the Division of any
deficiency in the Remedial Action Plan, APGI shall submit to the Division
information or material sufficient to correct such deficiency.
E. On the basis of the foregoing and the applicable standards, the Division
r will either approve or disapprove the Draft Remedial Action Plan and, if
approved, describe in writing any changes required as a condition of
approval (the "Approved Remedial Action Plan") and, if disapproved, the
reasons for the disapproval and any changes that would be required as a
condition of approval.
F. If the Approved Remedial Action Plan is acceptable to APGI, it shall
provide a signed and notarized certification by an APGI corporate official
in charge of a principal business function (the "APGI Corporate Official")
accepting the Approved Remedial Action Plan for APGI and including a
statement that:. "I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, after thorough
investigation, the information contained in or accompanying this
cerfification is true, accurate, and complete."
G. APGI shall begin implementation of the Remedial Action Plan no sooner
than receiving written approval from the Division and the submittal to the
" Division of the certification by the APGI Corporate Official noted in the
previous paragraph. Subject to conditions beyond its control, as discussed
in VII below, APGI would anticipate initiating the Approved Remedial
Action Plan within ninety (90) days thereafter.
H. This APGI Corporate Official may also provide to the Division a
statement delegating to one or more designated employees of APGI the
responsibility of investigating and submitting all remaining documents and
certifications required of APGI' under the Agreement or the Approved
Remedial Action Plan, and the Division will thereafter accept..any such
document or certification from the. designated employee(s), so long as the
delegation by the APGI Corporate Official remains in effect.
I. Fox any documents prepared and/or submitted to the Division on behalf of
APGI under this Agreement or the Approved Remedial Action Plan shall
comply with the following:
1. They shall' include a signed and notarized certification by the
3
Docket # 1 -SF-._
consultant responsible for the day to day remedial activities
stating: "I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, after thorough
investigation, the information contained in or accompanying this
certification is true, accurate, and complete."
2. If this document includes any work that would constitute the
"practice 'of engineering" -as defined by N.C.G.S: 89C,_ the
signature and seal of a professional engineer must be included. If
this document includes any work that would constitute the "public
practice of geology" as defined, by N.C.G.S. 89E, the signature and
seal of a licensed geologist is required.
J. APGI shall provide to the Division:
1.. `Weekly written or telephone progress reports each Thursday
during the soil and waste remedial action under the Approved
Remedial Action Plan, if the work is less than one (1) month in
total duration;
2: Quarterly reports during: (a) any soil and waste remedial action
greater than one (1) month in duration, and (b) any necessary post-
remedial maintenance;
3. A final report with data documenting complete implementation of
the Approved Remedial Action Plan, upon completion of the work
contemplated under that plan.
Note 1: The quarter reports or final report (as appropriate) should.
include,, without limitation,- completed. drawing. of the cover (if
applicable); tabulated laboratory data;. the location and depth of samples
collected; a description of all field and.laboratory quality control/quality
assurance procedures; and legible and complete copies of all records of
periodic system inspections, laboratory reports, waste manifests and chain
of custody documentation generated during the reporting period.
Quarterly reports shall be provided by the tenth day after each quarter
concludes, with the first quarter commencing on the date of written
approval. of .the Remedial Action Plan. by the Division. The final report
shall be provided within one (1) , month following complete
implementation of the- approved Remedial Action Plan.
Note 2: Each progress report and the final report shall contain the
certifications specified in Sections V.H. and V.I. of this Agreement.
K. Within thirty (30) days of receiving written notice from the Division of
any deficiency in the reports required by paragraph V.J. or in the
implementation of the Approved Remedial Action Plan, APGI shall
.4
Docket # _C `b -SF_ 25?
submit to the Division information or material sufficient to demonstrate
correction of such deficiencies.
L. APGI's completion of the work required under the Approved Remedial
Action Plan and the submittal of all reports reflecting that work, as outline
hereinabove, shall constitute compliance with this Agreement and the
Guidelines.
M. Any requests for modifications of the approved Remedial Action Plan
proposed by APGI or APGI's consultants must be submitted in writing to
the Division, and may not be incorporated or implemented unless and until
approved in writing by the Division.
VI. SAMPLING; ACCESS, AND 'DATA/DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY
A'. lhe'Di'vision`or its representatives may take split or duplicate samples of
any saihples collected by APGI pursuant to this Agreement. APGI shall
notify the' Division not less than ten (10). days in advance of any field
activity. This notification may be given verbally in the field by APGI -to
the Division.
B. The Division or its representatives may conduct any field activity it deems
appropriate in relation- to the Site.. APGI may take split or duplicate
samples of any samples collected by the Division during such field
activity.
C.` While -this - Agreement is in effect, Division personnel and their
representatives may., in addition to exercising any related legal rights,
enter the Site. 'Entry to the Site will lie subject to 411 approved health and
safety': requirements, FERC requirements, and Homeland Security
requirements. APGI will coordinate all required access. While present
o"site , Division personnel' may; review the progress of activities required
by this Agreement; conduct"such tests as the Division deems necessary;
verify the data submitted to the Division by APGI; inspect and copy any
and' all records, files) photographs, operating logs, contracts, sampling and
monitoring data, and other documents relating in any way to this
Agreement; and otherwise assess APGI's compliance with this Agreement.
D. Uriless a confidentiality claim covering- information provided under this
Agreement is made pursuant to law and adequately substantiated when the
information i"s submitted, such information may be made available to the
public by the Division without further notice to APGI. APGI agrees that
under no' circumstances shall analytical data generated pursuant to this
Agreement be considered confidential.
S
Docket # 01 -SF-
E. APGI waives any objections to the admissibility into evidence (but not
objections as to the weight) of the results of any analyses of sampling
conducted by or for APGI at the Site or of other data gathered pursuant to
this Agreement.
F. If APGI is unable by reasonable efforts to gain access to other property as
necessary pursuant to this Agreement, the Division shall assist APGI. in
obtaining access.
VII. DELAY IN PERFORMANCE
A. The Division recognizes that the implementation of the Approved
Remedial Action Plan is subject to conditions and requirements not within
the control of APGI, including some that are not present at the typical
remediation site,. especially the ;control exercised by the li.ederal Energy
Regulatory Commission ("FERC") over the water levels and flo.ws in the
Yadkin River and its reservoirs, including the, area. where much of the
work under the Approved Remedial Action, Plan is.to be performed. Any
times or schedules under this Agreement or the Approved Remedial
Action Plan shall be extended for reasons determined by the Division to
constitute good cause.
B. Good cause may include, but is not. limited to, regional power generating
requirements for; the nearby electric generating, facility (including any
orders, requirements, or similar.actions by FERC), maintenance of the
electric generating facility or its machinery, extraordinary weather, natural
disasters and national emergencies. Provided however, that during
removal of contaminated material; under the Approved Remedial Action
Plan; 'any precipitation shortly before or during the scheduled times for the
work (or actually occurring during or before the work) constitutes good
cause for delay. At a minimum, good cause does not include normal
inclement weather, not -during times of contaminated material removal,
failure by APGI to satisfy, its. obligations under this. Agreement (whether
evidenced by a notice of.deficiency or not), acts or omissions of APGI's
contractors or representatives not otherwise constituting good cause, and
failure by APGI, or its contractors or representatives to make complete and
timely application for any required approval or permit.
C. As 'sooh as APGI is aware of the potential for delay, it shall submit to the
Division written documentation of the reasons for the delay and the efforts
made by APGI to avoid the delay, as well as a time by which such work
can be completed.
D. The Division shall review the documentation and shall promptly approve
thelew schedule if good cause is shown.
6
Docket # Q_ -SF-- 2;?'
E. The burden of, demonstrating good cause -for delay, and that the delay
proposed is warranted, is APGI's.
VIII. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS
A. All documents submitted to the Division shall be delivered to:
Cheryl Marks
Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch
North Carolina Superfund Section
401 Oberlin Road - Suite 150
Raleigh, NC 27605-1350
The Division will direct all correspondence related to this Agreement to:
Robert Prezbindowski
APGI '
2300 North Wright Road
Alcoa; Tennessee 37701-31-41
B. This Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, APGI,
its agents, successors : and assigns. The signatory for APGI to this
Agreement certifies that he/she is authorized to.execute and legally bind
APGI as to this Agreement.
C. APGI shall provide a copy of the Approved Remedial Action Plan to each
contractor or other person or 'entity retained. to perform any work under
this Agreement, and shall also advise them that the Approved Remedial
Action Plan is being implemented pursuant to this' Agreement, within
seven (7) days after the effective date of this Agreement or the date of
retaining their services; whichever is later. AP GI shall condition'any such
contracts upon satisfactory compliance with the Approved Remedial
Action.. Plan. Notwithstanding the terms of any contract, .A.PGI is
responsible for implementation of the. Approved Remedial Action Plan
and ' compliance with this Agreement and for ensuring that such
contractors or other persons or entities comply with the Approved
Remedial Action Plan and this Agreement.
D. This :Agreement notwithstanding, the Division retains all its authority
regarding inactive hazardous substance or waste disposal sites in relation
to the Site.
E. All actions required pursuant to this Agreement shall be in accordance
with applicable local, state and federal laws and regulations, unless an
exemption regarding particular state or local laws or regulations is
7
Docker # 0'S -SF- 255
specifically provided in this Agreement now or later.
F. APGI agrees to indemnify and save and hold harmless the State of North
Carolina, and its agencies, departments, officials, agents, employees,
contractors and representatives, from any and all claims or causes of
action arising. from or on account of acts or omissions of APGI or its
officers, employees, receivers, trustees, agents, or assigns in carrying out
actions required pursuant to this Agreement. Neither the State of North
Carolina nor any agency or. representative thereof shall be held to be a
party to any contract involving APGI relating to the Site excluding,
however, this Agreement.
G.. APGI shall preserve, for at least six (6) years after termination of this
Agreement, all records and documents in its possession or in the
possession' of its divisions, employees, agents, accountants, contractors or
attorneys which relate in any way to this Agreement.. After this six (6)-
year period, APGI shall notify the Division at least thirty (30) days prior to
the destruction of any such records and documents. APGI shall comply
with any written 'request by, the Division, prior to the day set for
destruction, to continue to preserve such records and documents or to
provide them to the Division. APGI may assert any available right to keep
particular records and documents, other than analytical data, confidential.
H. This 'Agreement may not be modified without the written consent of the .
parties.
I. Except for obligations under Section VIII. F. and G. above, this
Agreement shall terminate when APGI receives written notice from the
Division that all activities required pursuant to this Agreement have been
corhpleted to the Division's satisfaction.
J. This is a voluntary agreement. If APGI elects to discontinue
"implementation of work under this Agreement, APGI shall notify the
Division in writing of such intent, and, except for obligations under
Section VIII.F. and G. above, this Agreement shall be dissolved upon the
Division's receipt of such written notice. If the Division determines that
APGI is not complying with the terms of this- Agreement in a timely
manner, the Division may, notify APGI -in writing of such determination,
and the Agreement, except for obligations under Section VIII.F. and G.
above, shall be dissolved upon APGI's receipt of such written notice. In
either of these 'events, neither party may seek judicial review of the
dissolution of this Agreement or, except for obligations under Section
VIII.F. and G. , above, has any right, claim or action for breach of this
Agreement.* In either of these events, the Division shall retain all its
applicable enforcement rights against APGI, and APGI shall retain all
applicable defenses.

Docket # _ d -SF-. 2s
The effective date of this Agreement shall be the date on which it is executed by
the Secretary or his Authorized Agent.
Date Executed: CJ2%? 45-1
By:
ack- Butler, PE
Superfund Section Chief .
Division of Waste Management
North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
By:
William M. Bunker
Vice President
Alcoa Power Generating Inc.
9
BHE,
ENVIRONMENTAL
May 26, 2011
BADIN LAKE SEDIMENT SAMPLING WORK PLAN
BADIN, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared for:
ALCO,i
Alcoa, Inc.
Prepared by:
B I L LT,
BHE Environmental, Inc.
11733 Chesterdale Road
Cincinnati, OH 45246-3405
Phone: [phone]
www.bheenvironmental.com
Notice: This report has been prepared by BHE Environmental, Inc., solely for the benefit of its client in
accordance with an approved scope of work. BHE assumes no liability for the unauthorized use of this report
or the information contained in it by a third party. Copyright 0 2011 BHE Environmental, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1
1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ......................................................................... 1
2.0 SEDIMENT SAMPLING ............................................................................. 1
2.1 SAMPLING LOCATION SELECTION ............................................................ 1
2.2 FIELD & LABORATORY METHODS ............................................................ 4
2.2.1 Sampling Method .......................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Sample Identification .................................................................... 5
2.2.3 Analytical Methodology .................................................................. 5
2.2.4 Quality Assurance/ Quality Control (QA/QC) .......................................... 6
2.2.5 Derived Waste Management ............................................................. 7
3.0 REPORTING AND SCHEDULE ..................................................................... 8
BHE Environmental, Inc. ii PN: 0990.223
APPENDICES
Appendix A. PCB Concentration Isopleths of Impacted Sediments Evaluated During WCC and
RETEC Sediment Sampling Events
Appendix B. USEPA Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) #2016 - Sediment Sampling
BHE Environmental, Inc. iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Alcoa is currently exploring remedial options for the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) impacted
sediments located within Badin Lake near the Badin Works Outfalls 11 /12 and 2. Previous PCB
sediment sampling investigations have been completed by WCC (1997), and ESI (2008), and
ENTRIX (2009). In total, those investigations collected PCB sediment samples in the Outfall
11 /12 and 2 areas (9 samples in the Outfall 11 /12 area and 6 samples in the Boat Landing
area). Results from their investigations indicate total PCB impacts to be between 0.04 and
5.40 mg/kg in the Outfall 11/12 area and between 0.11 and 4.32 mg/kg in the Outfall 2 area.
The results from the investigations and modeled PCB concentration contours are illustrated on
the figure in Appendix A - PCB Concentration Isopleths of Impacted Sediments Evaluated
During WCC and RETEC Sediment Sampling Events.
1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Alcoa is addressing PCB-impacted sediments to support a remedial feasibility study. The
possible remedial actions may include removal (i.e. dredging) or capping (i.e. AquaBlok,
sand/gravel, etc.). Previous sediment sampling investigations conducted by WCC, ESI and
ENTRIX in the Outfall 11/12 and 2 areas do not adequately delineate the extents of PCB
impacts. This investigation and the selection of the sediment sampling locations are designed
to supplement the previous investigations and more accurately delineate the targeted areas.
Additionally, sediment samples will be analyzed for geotechnical properties (i.e. bearing
capacity, consolidation, soft sediment thickness, etc.). The geotechnical data will be used to
further evaluate the feasibility of the remedial options currently under consideration.
2.0 SEDIMENT SAMPLING
As indicated above, the goal of the proposed sediment sampling event is twofold. Firstly, it is
to supplement previous Badin Lake sediment sampling efforts. Secondly, it is to evaluate the
geotechnical properties of the sediments to support engineering of remedial measures. PCB
analysis will be conducted by a North Carolina certified laboratory. Sampling locations and
procedures are outlined in the following sections.
2.1 SAMPLING LOCATION SELECTION
Composite sediment samples will be collected from six locations within and around the
northerly targeted area and from five locations within and around the southerly targeted area
(a total of eleven sample locations). Please refer to Figure 1 for the proposed sampling
locations. Included in the figure are the PCB sediment samples collected by WCC, ESI and
ENTRIX. As discussed previously, the proposed sampling locations have been selected to fill in
data gaps in previous sediment sampling work.
BHE Environmental, Inc.
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2.2 FIELD £t LABORATORY METHODS
2.2.1 Sampling Method
Samples will be collected from an anchored boat. The primary sediment sample collection
device for both chemical and geotechnical sample collection will be a Wildco core-sampler.
The samples will be collected following procedures outlined in USEPA Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP) #2016, provided in Appendix B. The core sampler consists of a two-foot
stainless steel barrel with a stainless steel cutting shoe equipped with an eggshell sample
retention device (the retention device will allow the sediment to enter through the cutting
shoe, but will prevent the sample from falling out during sampler retrieval). An acetate liner
will be used inside the core sampler barrel and a new liner will be used at each sample
location. A flap check valve is located at the top of the core barrel. The valve opens as the
core barrel is advanced into the sediment column and closes as the barrel is removed, which
forms a vacuum within the core barrel that helps to retain the sample. The core sampler will
be advanced into the sediment while the boat is anchored over the sample location. The core
sampler will be fitted with extensions, as needed, in order to reach the necessary depth over
deeper sediments. The corer is then tamped with a messenger (larger diameter pipe) or a
slide hammer to advance the sampler further into the sediment, if needed. Alternatively, a
Wildco Ponar "clamshell" sampler may also be used to collect "disturbed" samples for
geotechnical consolidation and permeability testing.
After the core sampler is retrieved to the surface, the water above the sediment will be
decanted and the cutting shoe (nosecone) and eggshell retainer will be removed. The
acetate liner will be extracted from the barrel and any water remaining water will be
decanted while taking care not to lose the fine surface sediment layer. Multiple cores may be
collected at each location to ensure sufficient sample volume. The sediment will be
extracted by gravity onto a horizontal collection tray covered by aluminum foil. The top five
centimeters of each core from the sample location will be collected into a stainless steel pan
with a stainless steel spoon and homogenized. The homogenized sample will then be placed
into an eight-ounce sample jar, labeled and preserved on ice. Any geotechnical samples
collected in acetate liners will not be removed from the liners in the field, but will be
capped, labeled and shipped to the geotechnical laboratory for analyses.
Each sediment sampling location will be documented and recorded using a global positioning
system (GPS) device capable of sub-meter accuracy.
All equipment used to collect and prepare samples for analysis will be decontaminated in
accordance with QA/QC procedures as detailed in Section 3.3.4.
The lake bed will be probed to attempt to determine the thickness and distribution of very
soft sediments. A narrow probe will be extended from the boat to the top of the soft
sediment layer and a depth indicating marker will be placed on the probe to indicate the
depth at which the top of the soft sediment was encountered. The probe will then be driven
through the soft sediment by hand until reaching the interface between the soft sediment and
hard sediment. A second depth indicating marker will then be placed on the probe. The
probe will then be retrieved and the distance between the two indicating markers will be
measured and recorded as the thickness of the soft sediment. Approximately 31 locations will
be probed in this manner along multiple transects in the target investigation areas. The
thickness measurement transects are presented on Figure 2. Among these locations, a
minimum of six sediment samples will be collected for geotechnical testing for consolidation
BHE Environmental, Inc. 4
and permeability and to attempt shear strength testing, as well as for Atterberg Limits, sieve
and hydrometer analyses for particle size distribution.
2.2.2 Sample Identification
The following sample identification system will be used for sediment samples collected during
the sediment sampling program:
ABK-SL-M-QCO
Where :
SL = Sample Location
M = Matrix (SED)
0 = Field Sample Number
QC = QC Designation :
F (Field Sample)
D (Field Duplicate)
MS/MSD = Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike
B = Equipment Blank
Sediment samples will be shipped on wet ice under chain of custody via overnight carrier to
TestAmerica in Savannah, Georgia.
2.2.3 Analytical Methodology
Sediment samples collected during field activities will be analyzed for the constituents of
interest listed in Table 2-1. All chemical analyses will be performed by TestAmerica in
Savannah, Georgia. A summary of analytes and methods is presented in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1. Summary of Analytes and Methods
Constituent
Analyte Analytical
Group Method
Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248
PCBs Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 8082
Moisture Content
Total Organic Total Organic Carbon Lloyd Kahn
Carbon
Geotechnical samples collected during field activities will be tested by Terracon in
Cincinnati, Ohio per the parameters listed in Table 2-2.
BHE Environmental, Inc.
Table 2-2. Summary of Geotec hnical Tests
Sample Type Tests Test Method
Undisturbed
Core Samples UU Triaxial Compression ASTM D3080-04
Consolidation testing and
Disturbed Consolidation and
Permeability permeability calculation per
Grab Samples specifications in USACE
document EM-111-2-5027
Moisture content and Atterberg ASTM D4318-10
Limits
2.2.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
Three types of QA/QC samples will be collected. QA/QC samples will be collected only for
samples undergoing chemical analysis.
• Field/Equipment Blanks
A blank prepared in the field using water provided by TestAmerica in Savannah,
Georgia. The water is poured over/through sampling equipment which has been
previously decontaminated. The blank water is then collected into sample bottles and
analyzed for the chemicals of interest. The purpose of this blank is to ensure that
field conditions and/or equipment are not introducing chemicals to the samples.
• Field Duplicates
A duplicate sample prepared in the field and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The
results will provide some indication of the homogeneity of the sample medium and the
precision of the field sampling and laboratory sample analysis. Accurate field notes
will ensure that each duplicate can be matched to its corresponding investigatory
sample.
Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicates (MS/MSDs)
A `MS' is a subsample of an investigatory sample to which the laboratory adds a spike
containing analytes at known concentrations prior to extraction /analysis of the sample
to assess the effect of sample matrix on the extraction and analysis methodology. The
MSD is another subsample from the original investigatory sample (subsampling
performed at the laboratory) which is similarly spiked.
Typically one QA/QC sample is collected per 20 field samples. For this survey one of each
QA/QC sample will be collected: one field duplicate, one MS/MSD pair, and one equipment
blank.
2.2.4.1 Decontamination Procedure
Field QA/QC procedures include decontamination of process equipment and materials.
Sampling equipment will be cleaned on-site prior to use for collecting samples for chemical
analysis. The decontamination process includes the following:
• Wash and scrub with low phosphate detergent;
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• Tap water rinse;
• Deionized water rinse;
• An isopropanol rinse;
• Deionized water rinse;
• Air dry; and
• Wrap in aluminum foil.
2.2.4.2 Sample Chains of Custody
Procedures to ensure the custody and integrity of the samples begin at the time of sampling
and continue through transport, sample receipt, preparation, analysis and storage, data
generation and reporting and sample disposal. Field personnel shall maintain Chain of
Custody records for all field and field QC samples. All sample containers will be sealed in a
manner that will prevent or detect tampering if it occurs.
The Chain of Custody for each sample cooler will be placed in a sealable plastic bag and
taped to the inside of the sample cooler lid prior to transporting the samples to the
laboratory. The following minimum information concerning the sample shall be documented
on the laboratory Chain of Custody form:
• Unique sample identification;
• Sample type;
• Place, date, and time of sample collection;
• Number of containers/ analytical fractions per sample;
• Designation of MS/MSD;
• Analyses required;
• PCB sample preparation method desired;
• Custody transfer signatures and dates and times of sample transfer from the field to
transporters and to the laboratory or laboratories; and
• Tracking number.
2.2.4.3 Sample Shipping
All sample coolers will be sealed in a way that will prevent tampering or provide direct
evidence in the event of tampering. A signed and dated custody seal will be placed on each
cooler and will then be sealed with packing tape. Address labels and shipping documentation
wilt be affixed to all coolers prior to shipment. Samples for the sampling event are not
expected to be classified as hazardous. Samples will be shipped on wet ice. All ice will be
double bagged and also enclosed in the cooler liner to provide three layers of safety against
leakage.
2.2.5 Derived Waste Management
Decontamination water and all solid waste (i.e., nitrite gloves, aluminum foil, plastic
sheeting.) will be handled and disposed in accordance with the Alcoa Badin Works procedures.
BHE Environmental, Inc.
Excess sediment at each of the respective sampling locations will be returned to the lake in
the vicinity in which it was collected.
3.0 REPORTING AND SCHEDULE
The sediment sampling event will be initiated within 14 days of receiving approval of the
Work Plan. The analytical data will be available within 15 days following the completion of
the field activities and receiving validated data packages from both TestAmerica and
Terracon.
BHE Environmental, Inc.
APPENDIX A
PCB Concentration Isopleths of Impacted Sediments Evaluated During WCC and RETEC
Sediment Sampling Events
APPENDIX B
USEPA Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) #2016 - Sediment Sampling
SOP#: 2016
SEDIMENT SAMPLING DATE: 11/17/94
REV. #: 0.0
1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION
This standard operating procedure (SOP) is applicable
to the collection of representative sediment samples.
Analysis of sediment may be biological, chemical, or
physical in nature and may be used to determine the
following:
toxicity;
biological availability and effects of
contaminants;
benthic biota;
extent and magnitude of contamination;
contaminant migration pathways and source;
fate of contaminants;
grain size distribution.
The methodologies discussed in this SOP are
applicable to the sampling of sediment in both flowing
and standing water. They are generic in nature and
may be modified in whole or part to meet the handling
and analytical requirements of the contaminants of
concern, as well as the constraints presented by site
conditions and equipment limitations. However, if
modifications occur, they should be documented in a
site or personal logbook and discussed in reports
summarizing field activities and analytical results.
For the purposes of this procedure, sediments are
those mineral and organic materials situated beneath
an aqueous layer. The aqueous layer may be either
static, as in lakes, ponds, and impoundments; or
flowing, as in rivers and streams.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does
not constitute U. S. EPA endorsement or
recommendation for use.
2.0 METHOD SUMMARY
Sediment samples may be collected using a variety of
methods and equipment, depending on the depth of the
aqueous layer, the portion of the sediment profile
required (surface vs. subsurface), the type of sample
required (disturbed vs. undisturbed), contaminants
present, and sediment type.
Sediment is collected from beneath an aqueous layer
either directly, using a hand held device such as a
shovel, trowel, or auger; or indirectly, using a
remotely activated device such as an Ekman or Ponar
dredge. Following collection, sediment is transferred
from the sampling device to a sample container of
appropriate size and construction for the analyses
requested. If composite sampling techniques are
employed, multiple grabs are placed into a container
constructed of inert material, homogenized, and
transferred to sample containers appropriate for the
analyses requested. The homogenization procedure
should not be used if sample analysis includes volatile
organics; in this case, sediment, or multiple grabs of
sediment, should be transferred directly from the
sample collection device or homogenization container
to the sample container.
3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION,
CONTAINERS, HANDLING AND
STORAGE
Chemical preservation of solids is generally
not recommended. Cooling to 4°C is usually
the best approach, supplemented by the
appropriate holding time for the analyses
requested.
Wide mouth glass containers with Teflon
lined caps are utilized for sediment samples.
The sample volume is a function of the
analytical requirements and will be specified
in the Work Plan.
If analysis of sediment from a discrete depth
or location is desired, sediment is transferred
directly from the sampling device to a
labeled sample container(s) of appropriate
size and construction for the analyses
requested. Transfer is accomplished with a
stainless steel or plastic lab spoon or
equivalent.
4. If composite sampling techniques or multiple
grabs are employed, equal portions of
sediment from each location are deposited
into a stainless steel, plastic, or other
appropriate composition (e.g., Teflon)
containers. The sediment is homogenized
thoroughly to obtain a composite
representative of the area sampled. The
composite sediment sample is transferred to
a labeled container(s) of appropriate size and
construction for the analyses requested.
Transfer of sediment is accomplished with a
stainless steel or plastic lab spoon or
equivalent. Samples for volatile organic
analysis must be transferred directly from the
sample collection device or pooled from
multiple areas in the homogenization
container prior to mixing. This is done to
minimize loss of contaminant due to
volatilization during homogenization.
All sampling devices should be
decontaminated, then wrapped in aluminum
foil. The sampling device should remain in
this wrapping until it is needed. Each
sampling device should be used for only one
sample. Disposable sampling devices for
sediment are generally impractical due to
cost and the large number of sediment
samples which may be required. Sampling
devices should be cleaned in the field using
the decontamination procedure described in
the Sampling Equipment Decontamination
SOP.
4.0 INTERFERENCES AND
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
Substrate particle size and organic matter content are
a direct consequence of the flow characteristics of a
waterbody. Contaminants are more likely to be
concentrated in sediments typified by fine particle size
and a high organic matter content. This type of
sediment is most likely to be collected from
depositional zones. In contrast, coarse sediments with
low organic matter content do not typically
concentrate pollutants and are generally found in
erosional zones. The selection of a sampling location
can, therefore, greatly influence the analytical results
and should be justified and specified in the Work
Plan.
5.0 EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS
Equipment needed for collection of sediment samples
may include:
C Maps/plot plan
C Safety equipment
C Compass
C Tape measure
C Survey stakes, flags, or buoys and anchors
C Camera and film
C Stainless steel, plastic, or other appropriate
composition bucket
C 4-oz., 8-oz., and one-quart wide mouth jars
w/Teflon lined lids
C Ziploc plastic bags
C Logbook
C Sample jar labels
C Chain of Custody records, field data sheets
C Cooler(s)
C Ice
C Decontamination supplies/equipment
C Spade or shovel
C Spatula
C Scoop
C Trowel
C Bucket auger
C Tube auger
C Extension rods
C "T" handle
C Sediment coring device (tube, drive head,
eggshell check value, nosecone, acetate tube,
extension rods, "T" handle)
C Ponar dredge
C Ekman dredge
C Nylon rope or steel cable
C Messenger device
6.0 REAGENTS
Reagents are not used for preservation of sediment
samples. Decontamination solutions are specified in
the Sampling Equipment Decontamination SOP.
2
7.0 PROCEDURES
7.1 Preparation
1. Determine the objective(s) and extent of the
sampling effort. The sampling methods to be
employed, and the types and amounts of
equipment and supplies required will be a
function of site characteristics and objectives
of the study.
2. Obtain the necessary sampling and
monitoring equipment.
3. Prepare schedules, and coordinate with staff,
client, and regulatory agencies, if
appropriate.
4. Decontaminate or preclean equipment, and
ensure that it is in working order.
5. Perform a general site survey prior to site
entry in accordance with the site specific
Health and Safety Plan.
6. Use stakes, flagging, or buoys to identify and
mark all sampling locations. Specific site
factors including flow regime, basin
morphometry, sediment characteristics, depth
of overlying aqueous layer, contaminant
source, and extent and nature of
contamination should be considered when
selecting sample locations. If required, the
proposed locations may be adjusted based on
site access, property boundaries, and surface
obstructions.
7.2 Sample Collection
Selection of a sampling device is most often
contingent upon: (1) the depth of water at the
sampling location, and (2) the physical characteristics
of the sediment to be sampled. The following
procedures may be utilized:
7.2.1 Sampling Surface Sediment with a
Trowel or Scoop from Beneath a
Shallow Aqueous Layer
For the purpose of this method, surface sediment is
considered to range from 0 to six inches in depth and
a shallow aqueous layer is considered to range from 0
to 12 inches in depth. Collection of surface sediment
from beneath a shallow aqueous layer can be
accomplished with tools such as spades, shovels,
trowels, and scoops. Although this method can be
used to collect both unconsolidated/consolidate d
sediment, it is limited somewhat by the depth and
movement of the aqueous layer. Deep and rapidly
flowing water render this method less accurate than
others discussed below. However, representative
samples can be collected with this procedure in
shallow sluggish water provided care is demonstrated
by the sample team member. A stainless steel or
plastic sampling implement will suffice in most
applications. Care should be exercised to avoid the
use of devices plated with chrome or other materials;
plating is particularly common with garden trowels.
The following procedure will be used to collect
sediment with a scoop, shovel, or trowel:
Using a decontaminated sampling
implement, remove the desired thickness and
volume of sediment from the sampling area.
Transfer the sample into an appropriate
sample or homogenization container. Ensure
that non-dedicated containers have been
adequately decontaminated.
Surface water should be decanted from the
sample or homogenization container prior to
sealing or transfer; care should be taken to
retain the fine sediment fraction during this
procedure.
7.2.2 Sampling Surface Sediment with a
Bucket Auger or Tube Auger from
Beneath a Shallow Aqueous Layer
For the purpose of this method, surface sediment is
considered to range from 0 to six inches in depth and
a shallow aqueous layer is considered to range from 0
to 24 inches in depth. Collection of surface sediment
from beneath a shallow aqueous layer can be
accomplished with a system consisting of bucket
auger or tube auger, a series of extensions, and a "T"
handle (Figure 1, Appendix A). The use of additional
extensions in conjunction with a bucket auger can
increase the depth of water from which sediment can
be collected from 24 inches to 10 feet or more.
However, sample handling and manipulation increases
in difficulty with increasing depth of water. The
bucket auger or tube auger is driven into the sediment
and used to extract a core. The various depths
represented by the core are homogenized or a
subsample of the core is taken from the appropriate
depth.
The following procedure will be used to collect
sediment samples with a bucket auger or tube auger:
1. An acetate core may be inserted into the
bucket auger or tube auger prior to sampling
if characteristics of the sediments or
waterbody warrant. By using this technique,
an intact core can be extracted.
2. Attach the auger head to the required length
of extensions, then attach the "T" handle to
the upper extension.
3. Clear the area to be sampled of any surface
debris.
4. Insert the bucket auger or tube auger into the
sediment at a 0° to 2(P angle from vertical.
This orientation minimizes spillage of the
sample from the sampler upon extraction
from the sediment and water.
5. Rotate the auger to cut a core of sediment.
6. Slowly withdraw the auger; if using a tube
auger, make sure that the slot is facing
upward.
7. Transfer the sample or a specified aliquot of
sample into an appropriate sample or
homogenization container. Ensure that non-
dedicated containers have been adequately
decontaminated.
7.2.3 Sampling Deep Sediment with a
Bucket Auger or Tube Auger from
Beneath a Shallow Aqueous Layer
For the purpose of this method, deep sediment is
considered to range from six to greater than 18 inches
in depth and a shallow aqueous layer is considered to
range from 0 to 24 inches. Collection of deep
sediment from beneath a shallow aqueous layer can be
accomplished with a system consisting of a bucket
auger, a tube auger, a series of extensions and a
"T" handle. The use of additional extensions can
increase the depth of water from which sediment can
be collected from 24 inches to five feet or more.
However, water clarity must be high enough to permit
the sampler to directly observe the sampling
operation. In addition, sample handling and
manipulation increases in difficulty with increasing
depth of water. The bucket auger is used to bore a
hole to the upper range of the desired sampling depth
and then withdrawn. The tube auger is then lowered
down the borehole, and driven into the sediment to the
lower range of the desired sampling depth. The tube
is then withdrawn and the sample recovered from the
tube. This method can be used to collect firmly
consolidated sediments, but is somewhat limited by
the depth of the aqueous layer, and the integrity of the
initial borehole.
The following procedure will be used to collect deep
sediment samples with a bucket auger and a tube
auger:
1. Attach the bucket auger bit to the required
lengths of extensions, then attach the "T"
handle to the upper extension.
2. Clear the area to be sampled of any surface
debris.
3. Begin angering, periodically removing any
accumulated sediment (i.e., cuttings) from
the auger bucket. Cuttings should be
disposed of far enough from the sampling
area to minimize cross contamination of
various depths.
4. After reaching the upper range of the desired
depth, slowly and carefully remove bucket
auger from the boring.
5. Attach the tube auger bit to the required
lengths of extensions, then attach the "T"
handle to the upper extension.
6. Carefully lower tube auger down borehole
using care to avoid making contact with the
borehole sides and, thus, cross contaminating
the sample. Gradually force tube auger into
sediment to the lower range of the desired
sampling depth. Hammering of the tube
auger to facilitate coring should be avoided
as the vibrations may cause the boring walls
4
to collapse.
7. Remove tube auger from the borehole, again
taking care to avoid making contact with the
borehole sides and, thus, cross contaminating
the sample.
8. Discard the top of core (approximately 1
inch); as this represents material collected by
the tube auger before penetration to the layer
of concern.
Transfer sample into an appropriate sample
or homogenization container. Ensure that
non-dedicated containers have been
adequately decontaminated.
7.2.4 Sampling Surface Sediment with an
Ekman or Ponar Dredge from
Beneath a Shallow or Deep Aqueous
Layer
For the purpose of this method, surface sediment is
considered to range from 0 to six inches in depth.
Collection of surface sediment can be accomplished
with a system consisting of a remotely activated
device (dredge) and a deployment system. This
technique consists of lowering a sampling device
(dredge) to the surface of the sediment by use of a
rope, cable, or extended handle. The mechanism is
activated, and the device entraps sediment in spring
loaded or lever operated jaws.
An Ekman dredge is a lightweight sediment sampling
device with spring activated jaws. It is used to collect
moderately consolidated, fine textured sediment. The
following procedure will be used for collecting
sediment with an Ekman dredge (Figure 2,
Appendix A):
Attach a sturdy nylon rope or stainless steel
cable through the hole on the top of the
bracket, or secure the extension handle to the
bracket with machine bolts.
2. Attach springs to both sides of the jaws. Fix
the jaws so that they are in open position by
placing trip cables over the release studs.
Ensure that the hinged doors on the dredge
top are free to open.
Lower the sampler to a point 4 to 6 inches
above the sediment surface.
4. Drop the sampler to the sediment.
5. Trigger the jaw release mechanism by
lowering a messenger down the line, or by
depressing the button on the upper end of the
extension handle.
6. Raise the sampler and slowly decant any free
liquid through the top of the sampler. Care
should be taken to retain the fine sediment
fraction during this procedure.
7. Open the dredge jaws and transfer the sample
into a stainless steel, plastic or other
appropriate composition (e.g., Teflon)
container. Ensure that non-dedicated
containers have been adequately
decontaminated. If necessary, continue to
collect additional sediment grabs until
sufficient material has been secured to fulfill
analytical requirements. Thoroughly
homogenize and then transfer sediment to
sample containers appropriate for the
analyses requested. Samples for volatile
organic analysis must be collected directly
from the bucket before homogenization to
minimize volatilization of contaminants.
A Ponar dredge is a heavyweight sediment sampling
device with weighted jaws that are lever or spring
activated. It is used to collect consolidated fine to
coarse textured sediment. The following procedure
will be used for collecting sediment with a Ponar
dredge (Figure 3, Appendix A):
1. Attach a sturdy nylon rope or steel cable to
the ring provided on top of the dredge.
2. Arrange the Ponar dredge with the jaws in
the open position, setting the trip bar so the
sampler remains open when lifted from the
top. If the dredge is so equipped, place the
spring loaded pin into the aligned holes in the
trip bar.
3. Slowly lower the sampler to a point
approximately two inches above the
sediment.
4. Drop the sampler to the sediment. Slack on
the line will release the trip bar or spring
loaded pin; pull up sharply on the line
closing the dredge.
Raise the dredge to the surface and slowly
decant any free liquid through the screens on
top of the dredge. Care should be taken to
retain the fine sediment fraction during this
operation.
Open the dredge and transfer the sediment to
a stainless steel, plastic or other appropriate
composition (e.g., Teflon) container. Ensure
that non-dedicated containers have been
adequately decontaminated. If necessary,
continue to collect additional sediment until
sufficient material has been secured to fulfill
analytical requirements. Thoroughly
homogenized and then transfer sediment to
sample containers appropriate for the
analyses requested. Samples for volatile
organic analysis must be collected directly
from the bucket before homogenization to
minimize volatilization of contaminants.
7.2.5 Sampling Subsurface Sediment with
a Coring Device from Beneath a
Shallow Aqueous Layer
For purposes of this method, subsurface sediment is
considered to range from 6 to 24 inches in depth and
a shallow aqueous layer is considered to range from 0
to 24 inches in depth. Collection of subsurface
sediment from beneath a shallow aqueous layer can be
accomplished with a system consisting of a tube
sampler, acetate tube, eggshell check valve, nosecone,
extensions, and "T" handle, or drivehead. The use of
additional extensions can increase the depth of water
from which sediment can be collected from 24 inches
to 10 feet or more. This sampler may be used with
either a drive hammer for firm sediment, or a "T"
handle for soft sediment. However, sample handling
and manipulation increases in difficulty with
increasing depth of water.
The following procedure describes the use of a sample
coring device (Figure 4, Appendix A) used to collect
subsurface sediments.
Assemble the coring device by inserting the
acetate core into the sampling tube.
2. Insert the "egg shell" check valve into the
lower end of the sampling tube with the
convex surface positioned inside the acetate
core.
3. Screw the nosecone onto the lower end of the
sampling tube, securing the acetate tube and
eggshell check valve.
4. Screw the handle onto the upper end of the
sampling tube and add extension rods as
needed.
5. Place the sampler in a perpendicular position
on the sediment to be sampled.
6. If the "T" handle is used, place downward
pressure on the device until the desired depth
is reached. After the desired depth is
reached, rotate the sampler to shear off the
core at the bottom. Slowly withdraw the
sampler from the sediment and proceed to
Step 15.
7. If the drive hammer is selected, insert the
tapered handle (drive head) of the drive
hammer through the drive head.
8. Drive the sampler into the sediment to the
desired depth.
9. Record the length of the tube that penetrated
the sample material, and the number of
blows required to obtain this depth.
10. Remove the drive hammer and fit the
keyhole-like opening on the flat side of the
hammer onto the drive head. In this position,
the hammer serves as a handle for the
sampler.
11. Rotate the sampler to shear off the core at the
bottom.
12. Lower the sampler handle (hammer) until it
just clears the two ear-like protrusions on the
drive head, and rotate about 90°.
13. Slowly withdraw the sampler from the
sediment. If the drivehead was used, pull the
hammer upwards and dislodge the sampler
from the sediment.
6
14. Carefully remove the coring device from the
water.
15. Unscrew the nosecone and remove the
eggshell check valve.
16. Slide the acetate core out of the sampler
tube. Decant surface water, using care to
retain the fine sediment fraction. If head
space is present in the upper end, a hacksaw
may be used to shear the acetate tube off at
the sediment surface. The acetate core may
then be capped at both ends. Indicate on the
acetate tube the appropriate orientation of the
sediment core using a waterproof marker.
The sample may be used in this fashion, or
the contents transferred to a sample or
homogenization container.
17. Open the acetate tube and transfer the
sediment to a stainless steel, plastic or other
appropriate composition (e.g., Teflon)
container. Ensure that non-dedicated
containers have been adequately
decontaminated. If necessary, continue to
collect additional sediment until sufficient
material has been secured to fulfill analytical
requirements. Thoroughly homogenize and
then transfer sediment to sample containers
appropriate for the analyses requested.
Samples for volatile organic analysis must be
collected directly from the bucket before
homogenization to minimize volatilization of
contaminants.
8.0 CALCULATIONS
This section is not applicable to this SOP.
9.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/
QUALITY CONTROL
There are no specific quality assurance (QA) activities
which apply to the implementation of these
procedures. However, the following QA procedures
apply:
All data must be documented on field data
sheets or within site logbooks.
2. All instrumentation must be operated in
accordance with operating instructions as
supplied by the manufacturer, unless
otherwise specified in the work plan.
Equipment checkout and calibration
activities must occur prior to
sampling/operation, and they must be
documented.
10.0 DATA VALIDATION
This section is not applicable to this SOP.
11.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY
When working with potentially hazardous materials,
follow U.S. EPA/OSHA and Corporate health and
safety procedures.
More specifically, when sampling sediment from
waterbodies, physical hazards must be identified and
adequate precautions must be taken to ensure the
safety of the sampling team. The team member
collecting the sample should not get too close to the
edge of the waterbody, where bank failure may cause
loss of balance. To prevent this, the person
performing the sampling should be on a lifeline, and
be wearing adequate protective equipment. If
sampling from a vessel is determined to be necessary,
appropriate protective measures must be implemented.
12.0 REFERENCES
Mason, B.J., Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocol:
Technique and Strategies. 1983 EPA-600/4-83-020.
Barth, D.S. and B.J. Mason, Soil Sampling Quality
Assurance User's Guide. 1984 EPA-600/4-84-043.
U.S. EPA. Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites
- A Methods Manual: Volume II. Available
Sampling Methods, Second Edition. 1984 EPA-
600/4-84-076.
de Vera, E.R., B.P. Simmons, R.D. Stephen, and D.L.
Storm. Samplers and Sampling Procedures for
Hazardous Waste Streams. 1980 EPA-600/2-80-018.
7
APPENDIX A
Figures
FIGURE 1. Sampling Auger
TUBE BUCKET
AUGER AUGER
APPENDIX A (Cont'd)
Figures
FIGURE 2. Ekman Dredge
APPENDIX A (Cont'd)
Figures
FIGURE 3. Ponar Dredge
10
APPENDIX A (Cont'd)
Figures
FIGURE 4. Sample Coring Device
0
BRASS
PLASTIC
TUBE
PLASTIC
9
11