20090828 Ver 2_More Info Received_20101006

(?_©gQ.8L) J,
Blue Ridge Environmental Consultants, PA
1305 S. Collegiate Drive - Wilkesboro, NC
336.844.4088
http://brec.biz
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
TO
- DWO 401 UNIT
2321ECRABT EE BLVD SUITE 250 ? §k06-31E v L
RALEIGH, NC 27604 OrT 6 2010
ATTN: IAN McMILLIAN DEW-WAMQUAUTY
DATE: OCTOBER 5, 2010 WETLAlNMDSroRMATMBRAWN
JOB NO: DWQ PROJECT # 09-0828 V2
SUBJECT: SHAWNEEHAW STREAM RESTORATION FOR 401 WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION
We are sending you the following:
? Plans ? Specifications ? Submittals ? Permits
? Soils Report ® Calculations ? Shop drawings ® Other
? CD / Disk ? Applications ? Details
Copies Descriptions
5 PLANS, RESPONSE LETTER, PEEBLE COUNT, MONITORING PLAN, AND
MORPHOLOGY DESIGN
These are transmitted:
? Per Your Request
? For Signature/Notary
® For Your Approval/Comments
? For Your Review/Comments
? For Permitting
SIGNED:
? Revised
? For Your Information/Records
? Please Return
? Revise and Resubmit
? For Bidding
cc:
October 5, 2010
Chuck Cranford
NCDWQ
Subject: Response to Request for More Information
401 Water Quality Certification
Shawneehaw Stream Restoration Permit Modification and Revision OCT 6 2010
DWQ Project # 09-0828 V2 DENR-WATER QUAUTY
Avery County WETLANDS AND STORiN'WATER BRANCH
Additional Information Requested:
(Comment) Existing Conditions - Existing conditions data, including, but not limited to, a longitudinal
profile,multiple cross-sectional surveys, pebble counts, dimensionless ratio calculations, BEHI (Bank
ErosionHeight Index) analysis, and shear stress analysis for the proposed restoration segment.
(Response) Existing conditions data is provided in the form of morphological tables. Included data
includes longitudinal profile, cross-sections, pebble counts, dimensionless ratios, and shear stress
analysis. BEHI assessment was not conducted during data acquisition since bank erosion was not a
significant project motivation. The existing stream is void of bedform habitat diversity. It can be seen
from the existing longitudinal profile that there are no quality pools. The existing channel is incised in
places and tends towards an F4 stream type. Other areas have better flood plain connectivity; however,
the stream is close to NC Highway 194 with little buffer between the stream and the road. There are
also sections of stream that are close (and threatening to destroy) the town's greenway trail. The
proposed design addresses these issues by creating bio diversity, re-aligning the stream away from the
road and the greenway trail to the extent possible, and creating additional floodplain where needed.
(Comment) Reference Reach - Reference reach data on which the restoration design is based, including
the elements listed above.
(Response) The upstream reach of Fork Creek in Randolph County was chosen as the reference reach for
this project. This reference was chosen because it classified as a 64c which is the design stream type,
and it has a nearly identical drainage area and discharge to the design stream. Data from this reference
reach has been published by the North Carolina State University Department of Biological and
Agricultural Engineering. In the design of a 64c stream type, which is slightly entrenched, the emphasis
from the reference data are the pool-pool spacing, riffle length ratios, pool length ratios, and riffle slope
ratios. Pattern geometry such as belt width, meander lengths, etc. are not part of the design
consideration for this stream type. The appropriate range of values for riffle length and pool length
ratios were selected from the reference reach data to account for the difference in slope between the
reference reach and the design reach, since the design reach should expect to be more riffle dominated
with the increased slope. Reference reach data is summarized on a morphological table.
(Comment) Structure Details - Detailed plans, showing all structure types, installation techniques and
minimum rock/ log dimensions, along with in-situ stabilization techniques. Include discussions regarding
minimum rock sizes, use of filter fabric, etc.
(Response) There are only three types of structures utilized in the design reach. Boulder cross-vanes are
utilized to center flow through the bridges. The two other structures used are the double-drop log step
pool and the constructed log riffle. Constructed riffles have been built for 10+ years. These riffles have
a diverse gradation of particle sizes and use logs that act as the primary means for grade control. These
riffles have large anchor logs that will hold the riffle as well as a movable bed in the low flow region of
the cross section. The advantages of these structures are (1) they allow for vertical grade control while
allowing sediment transport and fish passage, (2) they will be inoculated with woody debris, leaf matter
and leaf packs, (3) they create a large range of velocity and depth profiles that will increase biodiversity
after construction, (4) they provide low-flow meander pocket pools that are recommended for habitat
improvements for fish (Cody Fleece) and bugs (Dave Penrose). The log step pool structures have been
built for 5+ years. These structures provide energy dissipation in step-pool systems while incorporating
wood into the stream bed for habitat. The log steps have a footer log and can have additional habitat
logs for cover and to catch leaf matter. The footer is offset so the structure gives the appearance of
being undercut, which is recommended for fish and bug habitat improvements by Fleece and Penrose,
respectively. Additional structure details with photos are included.
(Comment) Structure Placement and Construction - The project proposes a significant amount of
structures to be located within the restoration reach. Minimal design details have been provided as to
how the structures will help achieve the stated goals of the project. Provide discussion on the following:
(Response) The proposed structures serve the dual purpose of creating habitat and stabilizing the
channel. The majority of structures are log step pools and log riffles. The focus is on wood structures
because of the superior habitat they provide. Wood structures are also much less invasive and look
more natural than boulder structures. After construction, it is difficult to detect that these structures
are constructed.
(Comment) • Considering the proposed log riffle placements are designed at other than perpendicular
to the flow of Shawneehaw Creek, and as flows leave these type structures at a 90 degree angle to the
last structure, how will this not result in an immediate bank destabilization downstream?
(Response) The vertical and angular deflection of the individual logs keeps the thalweg in the center of
the channel by design. These structures are extremely low profile as can be seen in the pictures
attached to the updated details. Furthermore, a constructed riffle is almost always followed by a log
step pool that provides additional bank protection.
(Comment) • Considering that each log is to be anchored into the nearest bank (in most cases, in
both banks) necessitating significant stream bank disturbance, how will long term bank stability
be provided for?
(Response) All banks will be immediately matted and planted with native vegetation. By adding pools
that are more appropriately spaced, the design creates vertical energy dissipation throughout the reach.
The constructed log riffles also provide protection against the more extreme shear stresses the channel
has experienced in the past. Also, the constructed log riffles center the thalweg flow and create pocket
backwater pools along the toe-of-slope of the riffles. This promotes vegetative growth along the edges
of the channel.
(Comment) 9 How will aquatic life passage be ensured through these structures?
(Response) The constructed log riffles are built in the base-flow channel, and are therefore extremely
low head structures. One of the design goals of these structures is to promote fish passage. The same
can be said of log step pools. These structures maintain base flow through the structure in order to
prevent the creation of a fish barrier. In the more traditional cross-vane structures, the vertical drop has
been limited to 0.3 ft to prevent fish barriers.
(Comment) Submit a monitoring plan, defining the success criteria, which comply with the
internal Technical Guidance for Stream Work in North Carolina.
(Response) See attached monitoring plan.

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Shawneehaw Stream Restoration Monitoring Plan
Introduction
The purpose of monitoring is to determine the degree of success a mitigation project has achieved in
meeting the objectives of providing proper channel function and increased habitat quality. Specific
objectives must be included in a project design and may also be evaluated. In general, monitoring data
should provide the regulatory authority with evidence that the goals of the project were met.
Monitoring should be directed at evaluating primary activities accomplished through projects.
Monitoring secondary benefits or accomplishments may also be appropriate for large-scale projects,
when projects are done in ecologically important areas or when secondary benefits are a primary
objective. Secondary benefits are those that are not directly accomplished or established during site
construction. For example: a primary activity would be constructing a root wad revetment, the
secondary benefit would be the enhancement of aquatic populations. Deviations from this protocol in
this document may be acceptable when they can be justified.
Monitoring Guidelines and Report Format
1. Monitoring should be conducted for at least three years.
2. Biological monitoring shall start one year after the stream is restored.
3. Plant survival should also be assessed and plants replaced as necessary.
4. Physical monitoring should monitor stream bank stability as well stream morphology.
The geomorphology of the stream should be assessed using the Rosgen or similar
stream morphological classification system. The report should include permanent cross
sections of riffles and pools, longitudinal profiles, and pebble counts.
5. Reports summarizing results of biological investigations shall be submitted to the
DWQ/Wetlands Unit no later than 12 months from completion of the investigation and
subsequently every 12 months for at least 3 years.
6. Each summary report must summarize data from all previous investigations.
7. Each summary report also shall contain a list of all taxa collected during each
investigation and pertinent
8. Summary statistics.
9. Examples of summary statistics include biotic indices for each sample, EPT
10. Abundance calculations and percent feeding type for major taxonomic groups. Biotic
Index values
11. Photo documentation
12. Channel aggradation or degradation
13. Bank erosion
14. Success of riparian vegetation
15. Effectiveness of erosion control measures
16. Presence or absence of developing instream bars (should be absent)
17. Ecological Function
18. Health and survival of vegetation (80% survival of planted species required after 5 years)
19. Restoration reach should mimic upstream conditions (or reference reach when
applicable)
20. Channel Stability
21. Should be insignificant change from the as-built dimension
11 Page
22. Do changes represent a movement in the direction of instability (e.g. increased width to
depth ratio or a decreased width to depth ratio with decreased entrenchment ratio) or
are changes minor and represent an increase in stability (e.g. decreased width to depth
ratio without a decrease in entrenchment ratio)?
23. Should be little change from the as-built longitudinal profile
24.24
25. Pool/riffle spacing should remain fairly constant
26. Pools should not be filling in (aggradation) or riffles starting to change to pools
(degradation)
27. All of the above monitoring should be recorded in an annual report submitted to
NCDWQ. The monitoring period should be at least three years.
Success Criteria to be evaluated
Goals are to create floodplain access and reduce/negate entrenchment
Improve fish/macro invertebrate habitat
Provide bank stability along NC 194
Improve Riparian buffer density, canopy, and diversity.
Collection Methods for Benthic Macroinvertebrates.
Benthic Macroinvertebrate
samples must be collected from sites above and within the restoration reach. In addition, reference data
may, optionally, be collected from a minimally stressed neighboring stream or below the restoration
reach (see conditions of reference reach). A qual-4 collection method is recommended for small streams
with a watershed of less than one square mile (orders 1 and 2) and full scale semiqualitative collection
methods are recommended for larger wadable stream systems (3rd order or larger).These collection
methods are described in the NCDENR Standard Operating Procedures:
Biological Monitoring,1997 (SOP) document. The qual-4 collection method is similar to the
standard EPT method except that all organisms are collected, not just EPT (Ephemeroptera,
Plecoptera and Trichoptera). EPT taxa are not generally considered primary stream colonizers
and would, therefore, not typically be well represented in newly established stream reaches. If
a tributary interrupts the mitigation reach, thus making it a third order system in part, full scale
collection methods should be used at all monitoring locations. It should be noted that surveys
need to be conducted during similar seasons (months) and if possible during similar flow
patterns. Samples should not be collected immediately following extremely high flows.
Taxonomic Considerations
All taxonomic identifications should be done to the lowest practical
level. However, genus/species identifications are preferred. Numerous investigations have shown
that more interpretive ability is obtained from surveys in which genus/species identifications are
done versus family level identifications.
21 Page
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