HomeMy WebLinkAbout19930667 All Versions_1998 Monitoring Report_19990106v,n
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201 E. NORRIS TOLSON
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
January 4, 1999
Ms. Cyndi Bell
N.C. Department of Environment
And Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Dear Ms. Bell:
0?.?
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JAN 61999
Subject: 1998 Annual Monitoring Report for Bull Farm Mitigation Site, Sampson
County.
Please find enclosed the 1998 annual monitoring report for the Bull Farm Mitigation Site.
In January 1999, a representative of the Planning and Environmental Branch will contact
the recipients of each report in order to facilitate a discussion of the annual monitoring
reports.
If you have any questions prior to these discussions, please contact Phil Harris, Natural
Systems Unit, at (919) 733-3141. Thank you for your continued support and cooperation.
Sincerely,
/ '
V. Charles Bruton, Ph.D.,
Assistant Branch Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
cc: Phil Harris, PE, Natural Systems Unit Head
David Franklin, USACOE
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? ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1998
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Bull Farm Mitigation Site
Sampson Counter
Project ## 6.24900T
TIP ## U-508
Prepared By:
Natural Systems Unit
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
December 1998
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
' 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................:........................................1
1.1 Project Description ..............................................................................1
1.2 Purpose ...............................................................................................1
1.3 Project History ........................................................................1
2.0 HYDROLOGY ..............................................................................................3
2.1 Success Criteria ............................. .3
2.2 Hydrologic Description ........................................................................3
' 2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring ...............................:.....:......:....::......5
2.3.1 Site Data .......................................... .5
2.3.2 Climatic Data ..............................................................9
' 2.4 Conclusions ...........................................................................9
3.0 VEGETATION ..............................................................................................11
' 3.1 Success Criteria .................................................................................11
3.2 Description of Species .......................................................................11
' 3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring ..............:.:.....::.....:.....:.....:.....:......12
3.4 Conclusions ........................................ .13
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................14
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TABLES
TABLE 1 - 1997 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ...........................5
TABLE 2 - 1998 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ...........................7
TABLE 3 - VEGETATIVE MONITORING RESULTS .........................................12
FIGURES
FIGURE 1 - SITE LOCATION MAP .....................................................................2
FIGURE 2 - WELL LOCATION MAP ....................................................................4
FIGURE 3 -1997 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ..........................6
FIGURE 4 - 1998 HYDROLOIGIC MONITORING RESULTS .........................8
FIGURE 5 - 30-70 PERCENTILE GRAPH .................................................10
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER CHARTS ...................................15
APPENDIX B - SITE PHOTOS ...........................................................................39
APPENDIX C - MONITORING PARTNERING MEETING MINUTES ...............42
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The Bull Farm Wetland Mitigation Site is located in Sampson County adjacent to
the South River, a tributary of the Cape Fear River (Figure 1). It is accessible by
SR 1208. The site encompasses approximately 425.5 acres and is designed as
a mitigation site for the Cape Fear River Basin.
1.2 Purpose
In order to demonstrate successful mitigation, hydrologic and vegetative
monitoring must be conducted for a minimum of three years. The following
report details the results of hydrologic and vegetative monitoring during 1998 at
the Bull Farm Mitigation Site. Also included is a consecutive day analysis of the
1997 hydrologic data. This analysis serves as an addendum to the 1997 annual
report, in which cumulative days were incorrectly tallied in order to demonstrate
hydrologic success.
1.3 Project History
Summer 1995
Sept.-Oct. 1995
Jan.-Feb. 1996
February 1996
March 1996
October 1996
Summer 1997
October 1997
October 1998
Construction
KG Shearing/Piling/Bedding/Ripping/Discing
Tree Planting
Monitoring Wells Installed
Aerial Herbicide Treatment
Vegetation Monitoring (1 yr.)
Ditches Plugged and Fish Pond Excavated
Vegetation Monitoring (2 yr.)
Vegetation Monitoring (3 yr.)
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....... }Twin Oak
Dismal Bay
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Bull Farm Wetland
Mitigation Site
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2.0 HYDROLOGY
2.1 Success Criteria
In accordance with federal guidelines for wetland mitigation, the success criteria
for hydrology states that the area must be inundated or saturated (within 12" of
the surface) by surface or ground water for at least 12.5% of the growing
season. Areas inundated less than 5% of the growing season are always
classified as non-wetlands. Areas inundated between 5% - 12.5% of the
growing season can be classified as wetlands depending upon other factors,
such as the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils.
The growing season in Sampson County begins March 18 and ends November
' 11. The dates correspond to a 50% probability that temperatures will drop to 28°
F or lower after March 18 and before November 11.' The growing season is 237
' days; therefore the optimum duration for wetland hydrology is 30 days. Also,
local climate must represent average conditions for the area.
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2.2 Hydrologic Description
Historically, wetlands on the tract were created by a high water table and
periodic flooding of the South River. A network of ditches existed to drain the
farm fields. After an extensive study of the site's hydrology, it was concluded
that blocking the drainage ditches would elevate the groundwater to a level that
would saturate the soil stratum within the required twelve inches. It was
predicted that this, in addition to surface water and runoff would be sufficient to
restore wetland hydrology.
Twenty groundwater monitoring wells, two rain gauges, and two reference wells
were installed in 1996 (Figure 2). The reference wells were installed in areas
already determined to be jurisdictional wetland. The rain gauges and monitoring
wells recorded daily readings of rainfall and depth to groundwater, respectively.
Appendix A contains a plot of the groundwater depth for each monitoring well.
Data determined to be erroneous was omitted; therefore, some gaps appear in
the plots. Precipitation events are included on each graph as bars. The rainfall
plotted is the average of the daily rainfall recorded by the two rain gauges.
Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Sampson County, North Carolina, p.79.
3
WORTH
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LEGEND - APPROX CHANNEL OF SOUTH RIVEN
----- - APPROX FACII=. BOUNDARY-....---, - APPROX LOCATION:-OF MITIGATION AREA
- WOOD LINE FROM' A=AI
INTERPRETATION.k'-GROUND .. TRUTHIN_ G
- SURVEYED- PQODL1ZNE - . _ -?
- :APPROX. LOCAITON OF MONITORING WELLS
Figure 2
Well Location Map
Bull Farm Mitigation Site
Sampson County, North Carolina
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2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
2.3.1 Site Data
The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within
twelve inches of the surface was determined for each well. This number was
converted into a percentage of the 237 day growing season. Table 1 presents
the 1997 results, while Table 2 has the 1998 results.
Table 1
1997 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS
Monitoring
Well < 5% ; 5% - 8%0' 8% =-,12.5%0 > 12.5% Actual %
MW-101 ? 10.1
MW-102 ? 2.1
MW-103 ? 1.7
MW-104 ? 25.3
MW-105 ? 57.4
MW-106 ? 14.4
MW-107 ? 25.3
MW-108 ? 20.3
MW-109 ? 24.5
MW-110 ? 5.9
MW-111 ? 9.7
MW-112 ? 1.3
MW-113 ? 6.3
MW-114 ? 4.6
MW-115 ? 44.3
MW-116 ? 9.7
MW-117 ? 20.3
MW-118 ? 3.3
MW-119 ? 0.0
MW-120 ? 4.2
MW-121 ? 3.8
MW-122 ? 16.9
"RW-1 ? 13.1
*RW-2 ? 9.7
"Note- The reference wells were placed in areas that were previously determined as jurisdictional
wetland.
Figure 3 is a graphical representation of the hydrologic monitoring results for
1997. A blue dot represents wetland hydrology for more than 12.5% of the
season; a red dot indicates hydrology between 8% and 12.5%; a green dot
represents hydrology between 5% and 8%.
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APPROX. CHANNEL OF SOUTH RI"i:.
-- - APPROx FACULTY- BOUNDARY
APPROX. LOCATION:.OF MTTIG-AM APEr_
-'."-' - w00D LUKE .FRoM-AmzTb;-L--:_".-__ -
?'I'ER•pRETATION_Ec'-GBOtTNL..Ur, jr G
- SURVEYED - ,APPROX. LOCATION OF M0?`'TOg?N-G --ELLS
FIGURE 3
1997 HYDROLOGIC RESULTS
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Table 2
1998 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS
Monitoring
Well < 5% 5%-8% 8%-12.5% > 12:5% Actual %
MW-101 ? 12.7
MW-102 ? 8.9
MW-103 ? 5.1
MW-104 ? 12.2
MW-105 ? 57.8
MW-106 ? 48.1
MW-107 ? 38.8
MW-108 ? 45.1
MW-109 ? 38.8
MW-110 ? 17.7
MW-111 ? 26.2
MW-112 ? 3.0
MW-113 ? 29.5
MW-114 ? 24.9
MW-115 ? 51.5
MW-116 ? 73.0
MW-117 ? 48.9
MW-118 ? 65.0
MW-119 ? 4.2
MW-120 ? 13.1
MW-121 ? 10.1
MW-122 ? 69.6
*RW-1 ? 27.4
*RW-2 ? 38.0
"Note- The reference wells were placed in areas that were previously determined as jurisdictional
wetland.
Figure 4 is a graphical representation of the 1998 hydrologic monitoring results.
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MORIN
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- APPRO? CFiANN"?, OF SOUTH RI'v?,:,
-' - APPROI FACILITY BOUKDAl?:....._..._.
APPRO)L LOCATION--OF 3QTIGATION AF.L._
------ - WOOD LINE FROM aRI ?. -_ ;
R-°RETATION_&-GBOIIND .. itZL I G
APPROX. LOCATION OF 4fON?Tpn ;,LS
FIGURE 4
1998 HYDROLOGIC RESULTS
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' 2.3.2 Climatic Data
Figure 5 is a comparison of 1997 and 1998 monthly rainfall to historical
' precipitation for the area. The two lines represent the 30th and 70th percentiles of
monthly precipitation for Clinton, NC. The bars are monthly rainfall totals for
' 1997 and 1998. The historical data was collected from the National Climatic
Data Center while the recent rainfall was provided by the State Climate Office of
North Carolina. Because of data availability, the 1998 rainfall encompasses
' precipitation through November. The 1999 annual monitoring report will include
a 30-70 percentile graph with the monthly rainfall from December 1998.
' With the exceptions of July and November, 1997 was a below average year in
terms of precipitation amounts. The early months of 1998 were wetter than
normal, though rainfall does drop below average levels during the summer.
' 2.4 Conclusions
In 1997, 10 of twenty-two monitoring wells indicated optimum hydrologic
success. One year later, seventeen of twenty-two wells indicated wetland
' hydrology for 12.5% of the growing season. The site has shown improvement in
1998 and will continue to be monitored.
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FIGURE 5
30-70 PERCENTILE GRAPH
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3.0 VEGETATION
3.1 Success Criteria
Success Criteria states that there must be a minimum of 320 trees per acre living
for at least three consecutive years.
3.2 Description of Species
The following tree species were planted in the Wetland Restoration Area:
Zone 1: Wet Hardwood Forest(24.9 acres)
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Nyssa aquatica, Tupelo Gum
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Black Gum
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Zone 2: Bottomland Hardwood Forest (67.7 acres)
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Quercus nigra, Water Oak
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Black Gum
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Zone 3: Pond Buffer (0.9 acres)
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Nyssa aquatica, Tupelo Gum
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Black Gum
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3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring
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Table 3
VEGETATION MONITORING RESULTS
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1 2 2 8 5 7 24 50 437
2 10 1 11 7 3 32 50 582
3 19 6 11 1 5 42 50 764
4 4 16 1 12 16 49 50 892
5 2 28 1 5 20 56 56 910
6 2 22 9 12 9 54 54 910
7 5 6 12 13 2 6 2 6 52 52 910
8 2 9 7 11 19 2 2 52 52 910
9 4 3 15 5 20 47 50 855
10 17 8 5 2 3 35 50 637
11 9 9 14 6 1 2 41 50 746
12 21 6 5 16 48 50 874
13 11 4 3 1 3 12 34 50 619
14 1 3 5 8 13 30 50 546
15 9 13 9 1 12 2 46 50 837
16 5 10 4 1 8 28 50 510
17 4 8 1 2 1 1 17 50 309
18 2 3 11 10 9 1 15 51 51 910
19 10 2 3 1 3 19 50 346
20 6 8 2 4 3 6 29 50 528
AVERAGE DENSITY 702
Plots #1 and #2 contained a few briars and heavy grass growth. Plots #3 and
#18 are very wet with surface water standing in the plots. Plots #10 and #13
contain some volunteer red maple and sweetgum as well as heavy broom sedge.
Plots #17, #19 and #20 have a heavy infestation of reeds and briars as well as
other woody competition.
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1 3.4 Conclusions
' Of the 426 acres of this site, approximately 94 involved tree planting. There
were 20 test plots established throughout the plantings areas, encompassing all
plant communities. The third year vegetation monitoring revealed an average
' density to be 702 trees per acre, which is well above the minimum requirement
of 320 trees per acre.
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4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS
' Continue monitoring site hydrology through the growing season (March 18 to
November 11).
' The Bull Farm Mitigation Site has been monitored for vegetation for three
years. Because of the success of the vegetation on the site, it is
recommended that vegetation monitoring of the site be discontinued.
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APPENDIX A
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17,
1
APPENDIX B
SITE PHOTOS
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Bull Farm
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APPENDIX C
MONITORING PARTNERING MEETING MINUTES
Fl
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. 80X25201. RALEIGH. N.C. 27611-5201
GOVERNOR
December 4, 1998
Dr. G. Wayne Wright, Chief
Regulatory Branch
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
Dear Wayne:
E. NORPr.IS TOLSON
SECRETARY
Re: NCDOT/Resource Agency Partnering Meeting - Monitoring Guidelines
A meeting was held on July 22, 1998 in the NCDOT Photogrammetrv Conference
Room in Raleigh to discuss monitoring guidelines for the 1998 Annual Monitoring
Reports. Please find attached a list of those in attendance and the meeting agenda.
Following introductions, Charles Bruton described the purpose of the meeting and
opened the floor to David Franklin for any opening comments. David said he looked
forward to resolving any previous discrepancies in the 1997 Annual Monitoring Reports
and discussing ways to better present monitoring results in this year's monitoring reports.
Phil Harris moderated the meeting.
HYDROLOGIC MONITORING
NCDOT and the Corps agreed wetland mitigation sites must meet the guideline
for hydrology (1987 Manual) using consecutive days and not cumulative days of the
locally designated growing season. Wetland hydrology criteria in the 1987 Manual notes
that a site must be seasonally inundated or saturated (within 12 inches of the surface)
greater than 12.5 percent of the local growing season. NCDOT will re-evaluate the 1997
monitoring data to reflect consecutive days rather than cumulative days of the growing
season.
Regarding monitoring well data, David wants to see compliance is met and that
the sites are working. Phil noted that NCDOT is taking a close look at recurring
problems associated with monitoring well installation and maintenance. In cases where
hydrology was failing for a particular site, NCDOT would be unable to remediate the site
until the following year due to seasonal constraints and the necessity to collect specific
hydrographic information. In discussing what was considered to be hydrologic success,
I e
i
David Franklin said the 1987 Manual was the official guideline. However, he went on to
suggest that the Corps would be interested to see a more detailed breakdown of the well
data and would not be opposed to hydrologic success based on a longer monitoring
period with less than a 12.5 % success criteria. He also mentioned well data that falls
below the 12 inch threshold may also be examined as a special case. Mike Bell suggested
site remediation should occur now rather than waiting until December. NCDOT, in
coordination with the Corps, will identify unsuccessful sites and work together to
determine how the site is failing and the best remediation techniques to implement.
' VEGETATION MONITORING ISSUES
Due to NCDOT's demand for hardwood seedlings there is a shortage of seedlings
' this year and there was none available for remediation efforts. There is a minimum one
year lead time for ordering seedlings. In a situation on a site where the well data is good
but the vegetation is not successful the Corps stated they would review it on a site by site
' basis. In cases of remediation, Charles said it was almost impossible to grade and piant a
site before the winter deadline.
Randy Wise requested an extension of the August/September time period to
obtain the vegetation monitoring data for the sites. After discussing this issue, it was
agreed that the marsh sites would be evaluated in August and the hardwood sites could be
' evaluated as late as October and November before leaf drop. The NCDOT will send a
"blanket" letter to the Corps to modify all permits to reflect the revised vegetation
monitoring period. Phil mentioned that although there would be an extension of the
monitoring period for vegetation, monitoring reports would continue to be completed and
distributed by the end of December. Randy said they often perform random site visits
throughout the year to see how vegetation is performing and would perform supplemental
planting if noted early enough in the growing season.
' Ken Jolly asked who was responsible for downloading wells and did they look at
vegetation. Beth Smyre said the Geotechnical Unit downloaded well data and notified
her of any vegetation issues. The Corps requested that proposed remediation for
hydrology and vegetation be included in monitoring reports. NCDOT and the Corps will
coordinate any remediation measures. Randy expressed their commitment to remediate
vegetation as soon as possible.
The discussion turned toward planted versus volunteer species. The Corps does
not want to see volunteer species included in survival rate calculations for planted
' species. Randy noted the survival rate is set at 50% or higher. David wanted to make
sure that the sites meet the target species requirement in stems per acre, not a percentage
(except for older sites set up for percentage). David also wanted to see the distribution of
species planted and volunteer. Randy said it is often difficult to identify certain species
during the first two years (several oak species often look alike as saplings). Generally it
' is easier to differentiate the species by the third year. The Corps wanted to know if there
was a way to identify the planted species at planting. However, the planting procedure is
L ? I
so labor intensive now it would make it impossible to do so. The 50 foot by 50 foot
1 monitoring plots are chosen and staked in the field after planting has occurred. The
Corps wants NCDOT to note the unwanted volunteer species and to identify possible
remediation to make sure these species do not dominate the site. The NCDOT and the
Corps agreed that the distribution of species is such that no species dominates more than
20 °% of the distribution. Red maple and sweet gum are generally not to be planted to
' insure good numbers of target species.
HYDROLOGIC SUCCESS CRITERIA
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The incorporation of reference systems in determining success was
David concluded that if a particular site failed under the 1987 Manual guidelines, then
NCDOT had the option of comparing site parameters to reference site parameters in
determining success. The purpose of reference systems was to allow NCDOT a second
option in achieving success. The determination of a reference system with its success
criteria would need to be addressed in the mitigation plan. The use of the
hydrogeomorphic system (HGM) was also discussed. The Coms is not going to use
' HGM as a reference system, but will probably look at it as a tool. There are no guidelines
et on HGM
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' The use of 20-80 versus 30-70 probability graphs, as defined by WETS. was
discussed. These graphs compare the specific year rain data to the historical data for the
mitigation site area. The MRCS and WETS use the 30-70 probability graphs and
NCDOT would like to use these as well. It was decided to use the 30-70 information and
to go to the nearest gage station as long as the source was cited. David determined that if
a site's hydrology performs at 12.5%, then hydrologic success has been achieved. If a
site performs in the 5% to 12.5% range, then there is "marginal" hydrologic success. If
this trend continues, then the entire success criteria for the site will be reviewed.
' The target percentage for hydrological success should be included in the permit
and shown in the mitigation plan. The Corps will be willing to negotiate on the success
of the site, but include adequate information in the permit and the mitigation plan.
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Charles Bruton suggested placing monitoring wells in the impacted wetlan
to assess and compare to mitigation areas. David wanted to insure that the best
' mitigation site attainable is created. David also asked that well performance be broken
out in the report.
' An interim report was given on Mud Creek. It was noted that wells placed in the
reference wetland and wells placed in the created wetland were an inappropriate method
' to determine hydrologic success because the difference in soil type, hydrology, and cover
type.
Mike Bell discussed results of a workshop he attended on monitoring wells. He
also discussed the use of piezometers.
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' There was no further discussion and the meeting adjourned. Please advise if you
have any questions regarding the meeting, minutes, or agenda.
Sincerely,
L ? ?
V. Charles Bruton, Ph.D.
Assistant Branch Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
VCB/el
Attachments
C?
July'_--', 1998-9:30 @ Century Center in Photographic Conference Room
NCDOT/Resource Agency Partnering Meeting to Discuss i'vIonitoring Issues
AGENDA
hurothictions
Purpose & Goals of Meeting
Standardize the monitoring reports
11MI-010gic Monitoring
Consecutive vs. Cumulative days
Data interpretation
{ "ogetwion Monitoring Issues
Pianted vs. Voluntary piant_
Monitoring timetrame
Success Criteria
Geographical consideration
Reference systems
Aonitoring Report Presentation
Text
Figures to be included
Tables
Photographs
Submittal dates
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