19940049 Ver 1_Complete File_19940118

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, ffl??TA IT Health and Natural Resources 0
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary ID E H N F1
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
December 12, 1997
Buncombe County
DWQProject #940049
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification and ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
Mr. Frank Vick
NC DOT
PO Box 25201
Raleigh NC 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Vick:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those listed below, to
replace bridge 133 over Haw River, as you described in your application dated November 25,
1997. After reviewing your application, we have decided that this fill is covered by General, Water
Quality Certification Number 3107. This certification allows you to use Nationwide Permit
Number 23 when it is issued by the Corps of Engineers. In addition, you should get any other
federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your project including (but not limited to)
Sediment and Erosion Control, Coastal Stormwater, Non-Discharge and Water Supply Watershed
regulations. This approval will expire when the accompanying 404 or CAMA permit expires
unless otherwise specified in the General Certification.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application
except as modified below. If you change your project, you must notify us and you may be
required to send us a new application. If total wetland fills for this protect (now or in the future)
exceed one acre, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506
(h) (6) and (7). For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached
certification and any additional conditions listed below.
1. DOT shall follow guidance provided by DWQ in our 27 May 1997 letter for minimizing
damage to aquatic resources until a final policy is developed in conjunction with DOT.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an
adjudicatory hearing. You must act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask
for a hearing, send a written petition which conforms to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina
General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-
7447. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the
Clean Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone John Dorney at 919-733-1786.
Sincerely,
ston Howard, Jr. P.E.
Attachment
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office
Asheville DWQ Regional Office
e
ApJaw,
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Central Files
940049.1tr
Division of Water Quality • Non-Discharge Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Rd., Raleigh, NC 27607 Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer • 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMEs B. HUNT JR. DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS GARLAND B. GARRETT JR.
GOVERNOR P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201 SECRETARY
November 25, 1997
US Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington Field Office
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
ATTENTION: Mr. Michael D. Smith, P.W.S.
Assistant Chief
Dear Sir:
Subject: Buncombe County, Replacement of Bridge No. 133 over Haw Creek on
NC 81 in Asheville, Federal Project No. BRM-5011(4) State Project
No. 8.1842601, T.I.P. No. B-2516.
The Corps of Engineers (COE) issued a Section 404 Nationwide Permit 23 for the
subject project on February 2, 1994. The replacement of Bridge No. 133 over Haw Creek
on NC 81 is sched led-to e let to construction in November 1997. Consequently, the
Department of Transportation (DOT) needs to renew authorization for this work.
Information regarding the project description has not changed since the
distribution of the programmatic Categorical Exclusion and the Natural Resources
Technical Report in a letter dated January 14, 1994. A construction consultation was
completed for this project in July 1997 with updates to the endangered species evaluation.
Haw Creek has a Water Quality Classification of C, and does not support trout according
to a March 12, 1993 letter from the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. A copy of this
consultation form is attached. The DOT requests that the COE reauthorize this bridge
replacement project in Buncombe County under a Section 404 Nationwide Permit 23. A
copy of this request is being provided to the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission for
their concurrence. Reissuance of 401 Water Quality Certification by the Division of
Water Quality is also requested.
Ark
2
If you have any questions or need additional information please call Mr. Gordon
Cashin at 733-7844 Ext. 278.
Sincerely,
H. Franklin Vick, PE, Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
HFV/plr
cc: Mr. Bob Johnson, Corps of Engineers, Asheville Field Office
Mr. John Dorney, NCDEHNR, Division of Water Quality
Mr. David Cox, NCWRC
Mr. Mark Davis, NCWRC
Mr. Whit Webb, P.E., Program Development Branch
Mr. R. L. Hill, P.E., Highway Design Branch
Mr. A. L. Hankins, P.E., Hydraulics Unit
Mr. William J. Rogers, P.E., Structure Design Unit
Mr. Tom Shearin, P.E., Roadway Design Unit
Mr. W. D. Smart, P.E., Division 13 Engineer
Ms. Julie Hunkins, PE, P & E Project Planning
North Carolina Department of Transportation
PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTATION FORM
I.D. No. B-2516
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
a. Consultation Phase: Construction
b. Project Description: Replace Bridge No. 133 on NC 81 over Haw Creek
in Buncombe County
C. State Project No.: 8.1842601
Federal Aid Project No.: BRM-5011(4)
d. Document Type: Programmatic Categorical Exclusion 4/20/93
Date
Construction Consultation 6/27/94
Date
II. CONCLUSIONS
The above environmental documents have been reevaluated as required by
23 CFR 771. It was determined that the current proposed action is essentially the same as
the original proposed action. Proposed changes, if any, are noted below in Section III. It
has been determined that anticipated social, economic, and environmental impacts were
accurately described in the above referenced documents(s) unless noted otherwise herein.
Therefore, the original Administration Action remains valid.
III. CHANGES IN PROPOSED ACTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSEQUENCES
The project remains essentially the same as was evaluated in the above-referenced
documents. However. a channel change is proposed immediately north of the proposed
box culvert, and the area between the proposed roadway and the Swannanoa River will be
excavated in order to ameliorate potential impacts associated with the existing floodplain.
No significant adverse environmental consequences are expected as a result of proposed
changes.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) listed eight (8) federally protected
species for Buncombe County as of February 23, 1997; the USFWS' list was updated on
May 2, 1997 and remains the same for Buncombe County. The federally protected
species for Buncombe County are listed and described in the attached memorandum dated
February 28, 1997. The memo, in conjunction with the original Programmatic
Categorical Exclusion documentation, concludes that the project, as currently proposed,
will not effect any federally protected species listed for Buncombe County.
IV. LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS
NCDOT will implement all practical measures and procedures to minimize and
avoid environmental impacts.
The Design Branch has investigated the possibility of providing extra depth for
one of the barrels of the recommended concrete box culvert, as per request of the North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. The maximum depth of the box culvert is
controlled by a sever line, which was recently installed by the Metropolitan Sever
District of Asheville and Buncombe County; the sewer line is located at such a depth
which makes it infeasible to provide extra depth for the culvert at this location due to
conflicts with the sewer line.
A 401 general Certification has been obtained for this project. In addition, a
Nationwide Permit 23 is applicable for this project. Approval from the Federal
Emergency Management Agency will also be obtained prior to construction of the
proposed project since the project is located within the 100-year floodplain.
V. COORDINATION
Planning and Environmental Branch personnel have discussed current project
proposals with others as follows:
Roadway Design Engineer: Bill Bunting 2/24/97
Date
FHWA Engineer : N/A
VI. N C D 0 T. CONCURRENCE
i Z,
WU
Date
-ZS-9?
Date
VII. FHWA CONCURRENCE
N/A
Federal Highway Administration
Division Administrator
Asy-tManager of Planning and Environmental Branch
n 3
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. BOX 25201. RALEIGH. N.C 27611-5201 GARLAND B. GARRETT JR.
SECRETARY
GOVERNOR .
28 Februa>;y 1997
iNlEMOR:1NDUN1 TO: Julie Hunkins, P.E., Unit Head
Project Planning Unit
/11-f
FROi\1: )Matt R. Smith. Environmental Biologist
Environmental Unit
SUBJECT: Protected species update.,for the proposed replacement of Bridge No.
133 on NC 81 over Haw Creek; Buncombe County; TIP No. B-2516;
State Project No. S. 134260 1. BRN-1-5011(4).
REFERENCE(S): (1) NCDOT, Natural Resources Technical Report (December 1992).
(2) NCDOT, Construction Consultation (June 1994).
The following memo serves to update the preceding memos on the issue offederally protected
species. Eleven federally protected species are listed for Buncombe County by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Serllce as of 23 August 1996 (Table 1). Descriptions and biological conclusions of no effect
for these species are given in the above mentioned references. The biological conclusions for these
species remains valid.
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed
EndanL,ered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions JT Section and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species ,-pct of 1973, as amended.
0
Table 1: Federally Protected Species For Buncombe County
:C'anmwn tVarrrc :: ;S'wcntrfic? Nar>rc <;l?ecliral?Slatu?
.....:.:...... ... .....,..
turquoise shiner
(:yprinella mmnacha
Threatened*
peregrine falcon
Carolina northern flyin(T squirrel Ialtoher-esinus
Glancomys sabrinus colorahrs Endangered
Endangered
gray bat Myolis grisesccns Endangered***
Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonia raveneliana Endangered
spreading avens Gewn radiatrrnr Endangered
*
bunched arrowhead Sagitlaria fasciculata Endangered
mountain sweet pitcher plant Sarracenia jonesii Threatened
Note:
• "Endangered" denotes a spec
ies that is threatened with extinction throughout all or a significant
portion of its ranee.
• "Threatened" denotes a speci
es that is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future
throughout all or a significaiit portion of its range.
• "*" denotes historic record (t he species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago).
notes incidental/mig
d rant record (the species was observed outside its normal range or
e
habitat.
Three new species (turquoise shiner, gray bat, peregrine falcon) have been listed for Buncombe
county since the-referenced construction consultation was prepared. A description of these species and
biolouical conclusions for these species follows.
( vjwinella mor)acha (turquoise shiner) Threatened
Formerly: Hybolisis monacha (spotfin chub)
Family: Cyprinidne
Date Listed: 9 September 1977
The turquoise shiner once ran<ged throughout most of the Tennessee River System from the
upper reaches of the Holston in Virginia, to as far west as the Buffalo River to Tennessee. Its former
ranu,e included Tennessee River tributaries in Georgia and Alabama and the Swannanoa River, Spring
Creek (French Broad system), and the Little Tennessee system in North Carolina. It has been
extirpated from most of these localities. In North Carolina, populations are known to persist only in the
Little Tennessee River between Franklin and Fontana Res,r-,-oir, Swain and Macon Counties. Other
extant populations are found in the lower North Fork of the Holston River in Virginia and Temiessee
and the Emory and Buffalo River Systems in western Tennessee.
Adult turquoise shiners range between 50 and 90 mm standard length (SL). Males tend to be
larger than females. They have a large dark spot at the base of the caudal fin, blackened posterior
dorsal fin membranes, and a dusky midlateral stripe. Adult females and non-nuptual males are tan,
gray, or, olive green dorsally and bright silver laterally and ventrally. Often the bright silver coloring
masks the lateral stripe and caudal spot. Nuptual males are iridescent turquoise to cobalt blue on their
upper sides, with an olive or tan dorsum often flecked with green or gold glints. From midside to belly
they are a silvery cream color.
The turquoise shiner occupies warm, usually clear, medium streams to medium rivers of
moderate gradient. It is found in moderate to swift currents over a variety of substrates ranging from
gravel to bedrock. This shiner rarely occurs on sand and almost always avoids appreciably silted areas.
Juvenile and adult turquoise shiners feed on immature midge and blackfly larvae (90% of the
diet) and mayfly nymphs. Most individuals are reproductively mature at 2 years, but a few may spawn
in I year. Spawning, food preferences and other life history aspects were described in depth by Jenkins
and Burkhead (1984, 1994).
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
The turquoise shiner is endemic to the Little Tennessee River. Extensive surveys of the Little
Tennessee River and the surrounding rivers by FWS and NC WRC have confirmed that this species is
only found in the Little Tennessee River. The proposed project is located in the French Broad River
Basin. Since the proposed project is not located in the Little Tennessee River Basin no effects to this
species will result form project construction.
1-171co 1)ercgrinirs (Peregrine falcon) Endangei-ed
Family: Falconidae
Date Listed: 20 iNlarch 1984
The peregrine falcon has a dark plumage along its back and its underside is lighter, barred and
spotted. It is most easily recognized by a dark crown and a dark wedge that extends below the eye
forming a distinct helmet. Immature peregrine falcons have dark-brownish backs and heavily streaked
underparts. The peregrine falcon has pointed wings in flight, a common characteristic among falcons.
The peregrine falcon is roughly the size of a crow, between 41-51 cm long and 91-1 13 cm wide. In
this species the female is roughly'-25% larger than the male.
The American peregrine falcon is found throughout the United States in areas with high cliffs
and open land for foraging. Nesting for the falcons is enerally on high cliff ledges, but they may also
nest in broken off tree tops in the eastern deciduous forest and on skyscrapers and bridges in urban
areas. Nesting occurs from mid-March to May.
Prey for the peregrine falcon consists of small mammals and birds, including mammals as large
as a woodchuck, birds as large as a duck, and insects. The preferred prey is medium sized birds such
as pigeons. Peregrine falcons are at the top of their food chain and are therefore extremely sensitive to
chemical toxins such as DDT.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Roadsides in the study area provide a source of potential foraging for the peregrine falcon. No
cliffs or large broken trees that would serve as roosting and nesting sites occur in the vicinity of the
project, therefore, it is unlikely that this species will utilize the study area for foraging. A search of the
NHP database of rare species and unique habitats showed no occurrence of this species in the vicinity
of the proposed project. No effects to the peregrine falcon will result from project construction.
rllt'rrli.? ?riscscrrrs (gray bat) Endanbet-ed
Family: VespertiItoil idae
Date Listed: 23 April 1976
The gray bat is the largest member of the Myolis genera in the eastern United States, weighing
between 7 and 16 grams. After molting in mid-summer (July or August), this species is dark gray,
however this color tends to fade to chestnut brown or russet over the winter.
Gray bats occupy distinctly different habitats during different seasons. In winter they tend to
occupy unusually cold, deep, vertical caves which act as cold air traps, and in summer they tend to
occupy unusually warm caves, or caves with domed ceilings or restricted rooms capable of trapping
body heat from clusters of thousands of individuals.
Summertime foraging occurs almost exclusively over water or along the forested margins of
rivers and reservoirs. Summer roosts, especially those used by maternity colonies, are rarely more than
4 km from a river or reservoir, and are usually within 1 km (0.62 mi). Forauing over one east
Tennessee reservoir was found to be directly related to mayfly populations. Degradation of water
quality and the subsequent loss of pollution sensitive mayflies is thought to adversely affect foraging
opportunities for the =ray bat.
N1 'or threats to the gray bat include direct disturbance by humans, especially of hibemating
colorises. and indirect disturbance in the form of chemical and physical water pollution, impoundment
of waterways, cave commercialization, improper gating of caves.
The only recorded occurrence ofthe gray bat in North Carolina was an individual recovered in
Buncombe County in October 1963. This individual was banded in Tennessee and is considered to be
a vagrant, as it was well outside the known range of the species. No viable populations are known to
exist in North Carolina.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
The one recorded occurrence of the gray bat in North Carolina is considered to be a vagrant
from Tennessee. There are no recorded hibernacula, maternity caves, or summer-use caves in North
Carolina. There is no maternity or hibernating habitat present within the project area. In addition, the
NHP database or rare species and unique habitats contains no records of the gray bat within the project
area. Construction of the subject project will not effect this species.
CC. V. Charles Bruton, Ph.D.
Hal Bain, Environmental Supervisor
File: B-2516
i
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.+STAT(v
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMEs B. HUNT, JR. DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
GOVERNOR P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
January 14, 1994
401 ISSUED
District Engineer
Army Corps of Engineers
P. O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
ATTENTION: Regulatory Branch
Dear Sir:
7 R. E ;tvT III
"ftk X
Subject: Buncombe County, Bridge No. 133 over Haw Creek,
State Project No. 5.1842601, Federal Aid No. BRM-
5011(4), T.I.P. No. B-2516.
Attached for your information is a copy of the project
planning report for the subject project. The project is
being processed by the Federal Highway Administration as a
"Categorical Exclusion" in accordance with 9 CFR 771.115(b).
Therefore we do not anticipate requestin n ndividual
permit but propose to proceed under a tionw'de Permit in
accordance with 33 CFR 330 Appendix A (B223 issued November
22, 1991 by the Corps of Engineers. e ovisions of
Section 330.4 and Appendix A (C) of these regulations will be
followed in the construction of the 'project.
We anticipate that comments from the North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) will be required prior
to authorization by the Corps of Engineers. By copy of this
letter and attachment, NCDOT hereby requests NCWRC review.
The NCDOT also requests that NCWRC forward their comments to
the Corps of Engineers.
We anticipate that 401 General Certification No. 2734
(Categorical Exclusion) will apply to this project, and are
providing one copy of the attached information to the North
Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Environmental Management, for their
review.
G)

If you have any questions or need additional
information, please call Mr. Gordon Cashin at [phone].

Sincerely,
.-?
TBO` inn
Assistant Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
BJO/gec
Attachment
,Cc: Mr. David Baker, COE, Asheville
Mr. John Dorney, P.E., DEHNR, DEM
Ms. Stephanie Goudreau, NCWRC
Mr. Kelly Barger, P.E., Program Development Branch
Mr. Don Morton, P.E., State Highway Engineer-Design
Mr. A. L. Hankins, P.E., Hydraulics Unit
Mr. Tom Shearin, P.E., State Roadway Design Engineer
Mr. John L. Smith Jr., P.E., Structure Design
Mr. R. E. Edmonds, P.E., Division 13 Engineer
Mr. Davis Moore, Planning and Environmental Branch
i. •
v
p
® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Julie A. Hunkins, P. E.
North Carolina Department of Transportation
FROM: Stephanie E. Goudreau, Mt. Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program j?y? /,/1'( ,? ( (1
DATE: March 12, 1993
SUBJECT: Scoping comments regarding impacts to trout from
replacing Bridge #133 on NC 81 over Haw Creek, Buncombe
County (TIP #B-2516)
This correspondence responds to a request by you for our
comments regarding impacts to trout from replacing Bridge #133
over Haw Creek in Buncombe County.
Haw Creek is not Designated Public Mountain Trout Water nor
does it support trout. Therefore, we do not believe this project
will cause significant effects to waters supporting trout and we
do not object to the project as proposed.
The NCWRC would like to recommend that one barrel of the
proposed-triple barrel 11'x 9' reinforced concrete box culvert be
designed so that it carries all normal flow and the other two
barrels carry high flows only. This will ensure that adequate
water depth exists in one barrel for fish passage rather than
having a thin sheet flow of water through each barrel at normal
flows. One barrel could be buried lower than the others, or
substrate could be piled in the high flow barrels. We would
appreciate any action the NCDOT could take on this recommendation
although this measure would largely benefit nongame fish species
rather than trout or other gamefish.
I appreciate the opportunity to provide this information
request in the early planning stages of this project. Please
contact me at 704/652-4257 if you have any questions regarding
these comments.
cc: Mr. Micky Clemmons, District 9 Fisheries Biologist
Mr. David Yow, NCWRC Highway Coordinator

r
0
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
P.O. BOX 25201
RALEIGH 27611-5201
JAMES G. MARTIN
GOVERNOR
THOMAS J. HARRELSON
SECRETARY
December 07, 1992
MEMO RANDUN TO:
FROM:
Wayne Elliot, Unit Head
Elliot Unit

DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
WILLIAM G. MARLEY, JR., P.E.
STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATOR
Tim W. Savidge, Environmental Biologist
Environmental Unit
SUBJECT: Natural Resources Technical Report for
the Proposed Replacement of Bridge #
133, on NC 81 over Haw River, Buncombe
County, Federal Project # BRM-5011(7)
State Project # 8.1842601, TIP # B-2516
A'T'TENTION: Julie Hunkins, P.E., Project Engineer
The attached Natural Resources Technical Report provides
inventories and desctiptions of natural resources within the
project area, and estimations of impacts likely to occur to
these resources as a result of project construction.
Pertinent information on wetlands and federally protected
species is also provided. Please contact me if you have any
questions, or need this copied onto disc format.
cc: V. Charles Bruton, Ph.D
M. Randall Turner, Environmental Supervisor
File B-2516
An Equal Opportunity/ Affirmative Action Employer

Replacement of Bridge No. 133
On NC 81
Over Haw Creek
Buncombe County
TIP # B-2516
State Project # 8.1842601
Natural Resources Technical Report
B-2516
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL BRANCH
ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT
TIM SAVIDGE, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGIST
DECEMBER 07 1992

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Project Description ...................... ......1
1.2 Purpose ..........................................1
1.3 Project Area .....................................1
1.4 Methodology ......................................1
2.0 Biotic Resources
2.1 Terrestrial Communities ..........................2
2.1.1 Disturbed Roadside .......................2
2.1.2 Riparian Fringe ..........................3
2.1.3 Disturbed Wet Field ......................3
2.2 Aquatic Communities ..............................4
2.3 Anticipated impacts ..............................4
3.0 Phvsical Resources
3.1 Water Resources........ ...........................5
3.1.1 Water Quality ............................6
3.1.2 Summary of Anticipated Impacts.......... 6
3.2 Soils ............................................6
4.Q Special Topics
4.1 Waters
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2 Protec
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
of the United States ......................7
Permits ..................................7
Mitigation ...............................7
ted Species ................................7
Federally Protected ......................7
Federal Canidate Species ................12
State Protected .........................13
5.0 References
1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The following Natural Resource Technical Report is
submitted to assist in the preparation of a Categorical
Exclusion (CE).
1.1 Project Description
Proposed action is to replace existing bridge with a
triple barrel box culvert, north of the existing structure.
Traffic will be maintained on the bridge during construction.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to describe and
inventory the natural resources identified within the project
vicinity and to estimate potential impacts to these
resources.
1.3 Project Area
The proposed project occurs in the city of Asheville in
Buncombe county (Fig. 1). Buncombe county is in the Mountain
physiograph.ic province and is characterized by steep slopes
and highly incised stream banks.
1.4_ Methodology
Preliminary resource information was gathered and
reviewed prior to site visit. Information sources include;
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USGS) quadrangle map
(Asheville), NCDOT. aerial photographs of project area
(1"=4_00'), North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management (DEM) water quality classification, Soil
Conservation Service (SCS) soil maps, Buncombe county, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) list of protected species
and N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NC-NHP) database of
uncommon and protected species and unique habitats.
Field surveys were conducted along the proposed project
alignments on October 21, 1992. Plant communities were
identified and recorded. Wildlife was identified by using a
number of observation techniques, including recgonizing
suitable habitat, active searching/observing and recording
identifying signs of wildlife, including, sounds, tracks and
burrows.
2.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES
The following section is a basic description of the
ecosystems encountered in the project area. This section
deals with the relationships between floral and faunal
components of the ecosystem(s) and is divided into
Terrestrial, and Aquatic systems. Descriptions of the
2
Terrestrial systems are segmented into floral community
classifications. These classifications are defined by the
dominant plant species inventoried and the terrain of the
area.
Representative animal species which are likely to occur
in these habitats are cited, along with brief descriptions of
their respective "roles" within that community. For complete
listings of flora and fauna which occur in Buncombe county, a
composite of specific references listed in section 5.0,
should be consulted. Animals that were observed during site
visit are denoted by (*).
2.1 Terrestrial Communities
Three plant communities occur within the project
boundaries. These communities overlap each other, and are
found in close proximity to Haw Creek.
2.1.1 Disturbed Roadside
Along the existing roadway a densely populated Disturbed
Roadside community occurs, dominated by : pokeweed
little bluestem
(PhYtolacca americana), fescue (Festuca sp),
(Andropoaon scoparius), goldenrod (Solidaao sp.), blackberry
(Rubus sp.), nightshade (Solanum sp.), horseweed (Eriaeron
canadensis), cane (Arundinaria aiaantea), smooth sumac (Rhus
glabra), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and
knottweed (Polyaonum sp.).
This habitat serves primarily as a foraging habitat for
various species of birds and mammals, which feed on seeds,
berries and roots. These species include: the Carolina
chickadee (Parus carolinensis)*, Cardinal (Cardina-is
cardinalis)*, rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo erythropthalmus)*,
eastern harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys humulis) and eastern
cottontail (Sylvilaaus f_oridanus)*.
This habitat also attracts a large number of insect
species, particullary grasshoppers (Melanoplus sp.) and
dragonflies (Order Odonata), which are preyed upon by various
species of snakes, suzh as black racer (Coluber constrictor)
and rough green snake (Opheodrys aestivus), lizards like the
five-lined skink (Eumeces fasciatus), birds such as American
robin (Turdus miaratorius),* and small mammals including the
white footed mouse (Permyscus leucopus), northern short-
tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) and the eastern chipmunk
(Tamias striatus).
Large predatory species of snakes like the eastern
kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus), birds and mammals including
turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), red-tailed hawk (Buteo
Jamaicensis)*, long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata), and red
fox (Vulpes vulpes),.feed on the small mammals, birds and
3
reptiles mentioned.
2.1.2 Ripaian Fringe
Moving away from the existing road to the north and
south, a Riparian Fringe community, borders Haw Creek.
Dominate canopy species include: Sycamore (Platanus
occidentalis), hickory (Carva sp.), tag alder (Acer neGundo)
river birch (Betula niara) and black willow (Salix ni ra).
Giant cane, linden (Tilia sp.) and sweet buckeye (Aesculus
octandra), comprise the midstory layer. Virginia creeper
(Parthenocissus guinauefolia), cat brier (Smilax qp) and
grape (Vitis sp.) are dominante understory species.
The forest floor is heavily covered with leaves and
fallen branches, providing habitat for American toad (Bufo
americanus)*, red salamander (Pseudotriton ruber), slimy
salamander (Plethodon alutinosus) and southeastern shrew
(Sorex longirostris), which live under the litter layer,
feeding on various species of beetles (Order Coleoptera) ants
(Order Hymenoptera ) and other insects.
Other species which are associated with the forest floor
are eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana), which builds its
nests from fallen leaves and twigs, eastern box turtle
(Terrapene carolina), a common species feeding on plant
material, insects and small animals. The woodchuck (Marmota
monax)*, makes extensive burrows along the forest edge, which
are used for refuge, hibernation and rearing young.
Stumps, roots and tree cavities provide shelter for
numerous bird and mammal species including: white breasted
nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)*, downy woodpecker (Picoides
pubescens), eastern chipmunk, evening bat (Nvcticeius
humera?is), grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)*, and
striped skunk (Mephitis meohitis). Grey treefrogs (HS?la
chrvsoscelis) and spring peepers (H. crucifer), also inhabit
forest trees.
Predatory species likely to occur here include the red
fox, eastern screech-owl (Otus asio), and copperhead
(Aakistrodon contortrix). Diet of these species consists of
insects, frogs, small snakes and mammals.
2.1.3 Disturbed Wet Field
Bordering the riparian fringe and roadside communities
on the northwest side of the existing bridge is a Disturbed
Wet Field community. Numerous grass species ( family Poaceae)
including purple top (Tridens flavus), and blue grass (Poa
compressa) are common in this community, along with
blackberry, smooth sumac, cockelbur (Xanthium strumarium var.
alabratum), goldenrod and Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota).
Numerous isolated wet-seepage areas occur throughout this

4
community. Species found in these areas include: Jack in the
pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), false violet (Da_ibarda
repens), carex (Carex sp.) and Avens (Geum aleppicum).
The vegatation in this community is very dense and
offers foraging habitat and cover for mourning dove (Zenaida
macroura) and the northern bobwhite ( Colinus virainianus )*.
Many of the species found in the Disturbed Roadside community
occur here as well. Diversity and population densities are
expected to be greater in this community.
2.2 Aquatic Communities
Haw river is a relatively shallow moderately flowing
stream, feeding the Swannanoa River. Numerous pools (up to 6
feet deep), created by channel bends, rocks and fallen trees,
occur outside the main channel. The many rocks in the stream
channel provide habitat for crayfish* (Procambarus sp. and
Cambarus sp.) and salamanders including blackbelly salamander
(Desmoanathus quadramaculatus)*, which are found beneath the
rocks. The rocks also provide a substrate for various algal
species to grow on. This provides a concentrated food source
for snails, and fish species including: fantail darter
(Etheostoma flabellare), northern hog sucker (Hypentelium
niaricans), telescope darter (Notropis telescopes) and bigeye
chub (Hvbopsis amblops).
In the deeper pools of the stream, predatory fish
species like flat bu?lhead catfish (Ictalurus platvicephaius),
smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) and rock bass
(Ambloplites ru estris), use holes and crevices created by
logs and stream banks as cover. Pickeral frogs (R-=na
palustris) and snapping turtles (Chelvdra serpentina) may
also occur in these pools.
Many terrestrial mammal and bird species are highly
dependent on the aquatic system for a food source. Belted
kingfishers (Creole alcvon), racoons (Procyon lotor)*, and
mink (Mustela vison) feed along the stream banks on crayfish
and small fish species. Many bluejays (Cyanocitta cristata)*
and a prothenotory warbler (Protonotaria citrea)* were
observed near the stream banks during site visit.
2.3 Anticipated Impacts: Biotic Communities
Impacts to terrestrial wildlife are directly related to
destruction or clearing of the plant communities and impacts
to water resources.
The three natural community types occuring in the
project area will be cleared or altered as a result of
project construction. Estimations of acerage impacted for
each community type are given in Table 1.
5
TABLE 1. Anticipated Natural Community Impacts in Acres
Plant Community Acres Impacted
Disturbed Roadside 0.41
Riparian Fringe 1.04
Disturbed Wet Field 0.40
Additional Disturbed Roadside communities will be created
along the new approachway. The section of existing road to be
abandoned, should be removed, graded to natural contours and
planted with native vegatatior_. This will reduce longterm
losses to the biotic communities.
The plant communities found along the protect alignment
serve as shelter, nesting and foraging habitat for numerous
species of wildlife. Individual mortalities are likely to
occur to animals closely associated with the ground (snakes,
small mammals, etc.), from construction machinery used during
clearing activities.
Displacement of faunal organisims will occur during
construction activity. These animals may return to the area
following construction is complete, however the amount of
forested habitat will be reduced.
The aquatic environment serves as a major food source
for many terrestrial organisms such as raccoons, various
species of snakes, birds, turtles and amphibians. It also
serves as a means of predator avoidance for amphibians such
as frogs and slamanders, and reptiles including snakes and
turtles.
Potential impacts to aquatic systems from project
construction include; disturbance of benthic habitat and
increasing sediment loads. Strict enforcement of
sedimentation control measures and Best Management Practices
(BMPs) should be observed.
Benthic non-mobile organisms, such as filter and deposit
feeders, and macro and micro alga, are particularly sensitive
to construction activities such as dredging, filling, pile
driving operations and slope stabilization. These
construction activities physically disturb the attachment
substrate, resulting in loss of sessile benthic forms.
Effects of siltation are: reduction of light penetration,
which is essential for photosynthetic species; clogging of
feeding apparati of filter feeders and burial of the newly
settled larvae of these organisims, thus killing them. These
species are often primary producers, or primary consumers in
the food chain, therefore impacts to these organisms may
6
directly effect organisms higher in the food chain. Mobile
aquatic organisms are generally not directly as sensitive to
siltation, however gills of fish, crustacean and larval
amphibian and insect forms can become clogged with suspended
particles and dysfunctional as a result of sedimentation.
3.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES
Water resources and soils within the project vicinity
are described in the following subsections.
3.1 Water Resources
The existing structure crosses Haw Creek about 300 feet
before it flows into the Swannanoa River. S:.ream channel
width of Haw Creek ranges from six to twelve feet. Average
depth is between two to three feet, and up to six feet in
certain areas. The stream banks are very steep, twelve feet
in height and approximately twenty feet bank to bank. The
substrate is primarilly rock/cobble, with a sediment layer in
the slack pools. Flow rate is moderate and the water is
visibly polluted with a petroleum slick.
3.1'.i Water Quality
Best usage classification of Haw Creek is class C, as
assigned by the North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources (DEHNR), 1991. Class C
designates waters suitable for aquatic life propagation and
survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation and
agriculture.
The Benthic Macroinvertebrate Ambient Network (BMAN),
assesses water quality by sampling for selected benthic
Macroinvertabrate organisms. The species richness and overa_1
biomass are reflections of water quality. Haw Creek was r_ct
sampled by BMAN, however the Swannanoa River was sampled less
than one mile from the project crossing. Water quality rating
has flucuateed periodically from fair to poor. The latest
classification given in july 1989, was fair.
The DEM National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
.(NPDES) report lists three dischargers, into the Swannanoa
River just up-stream of the Haw Creek convergence. Two of
these are domestic single family discharges and the other is
non-contact cooling water & condensate discharged from Three
Mountaineers Incorparated. The NPDES lists no sources of
discharge into Haw Creek.
No waters classified as High Quality Waters, Outstanding
Resource Waters, WS-I, or WS-II, occur within one mile of the
project area.
3.1.2 Anticipated Impacts: Water Resources
Potential impacts to the Haw Creek and the Swannanoa
River include: increased sedimentation and turbidity, from ---
construction related erosion, and disturbance of creek bottom
sediments. These effects, though temporary, can have long
term impacts on the aquatic environment, which include
changes in community composition, because many of these
organisms are slow to recover, or repopulate an area. Strict
enforcement of erosion and sedimentation control measures
used during construction of this project is mandatory.
The triple barrel box culvert proposed for this project
should allow normal flows, and wildlife passage; however
during flood stages, debris may accumulate, and thus cause
inadequate flow and restrict mobility through the corridor.
3.2 Soils
The majority of the soils impacted in the project area
have been extensively disturbed over time and are classified
as urban soils. The slopes of the stream banks are mapped as
Fannin Series soils, which are well drained residuum of
weathered mica, gniess and schist. Rosman Series soils occur
in the floodplain on the northwest side of the project area.
These soils support hydric inclusions of Toxaway.
4.0 SPECIAL TOPICS
4.1 Waters of the United States
Wetlands and surface waters fall under the broad
category of "Waters of the United States" as defined in 33
CFR 328.3, in accordance with provisions of Section. 404 of
the Clean Water Act (33 U.S. C. 1344), which offers
protection to these two groups of "Waters of the United
States". The waters of Haw Creek are classified as surface
waters, and are protected under Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act (33 U.S. C. 1344). No wetlands or other surface
waters occur in the project vicinity.
4.1.1 Permits
Impacts to Waters of the United States fall under the
jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). A
Nationwide permit 33 CFR 330.5 (A)23, is likely to be
required. This permit authorizes activities undertaken,
assisted, authorized, regulated, funded or financed in whole,
or in part, by another Federal agency or department. That
agency or department has determined that the activity is
categorically excluded from environmental documentation,
because it will neither individually nor cumulatively have a
significant environmental effect.
8
A North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
(DEM) Section 401 (1665) Water Quality General Certification
is also required, prior to issue of the Nationwide permit
#23. Final permit decisions lie with the Army Corps of
Engineers.
4.1.2 Mitigation
Projects authorized under Nationwide Permits do not
require compensatory mitigation according to the 1989
Memorandum Agreement between the Environmental Protection
Agency and the Department of the Army.
4.2 Protected Species
Federal law requires that any action, which has the
potential to have a detrimental impact to the survival and
well being of any species classified as federally protected,
is subject to review by the USFWS and/or the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS), under the provisions of the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended. Endangered
species receive additional protection under separate state
statutes. In North Carolina protection of plant species falls
under N.C. General statutes (G.S.) 106-202.12 to 106-202.19
of 1979. Wildlife protection falls under G.S. 113-331 to
113-337 of 1987.
4.2.1 Federally Protected Species
Plants and Animals with federal classifications of
Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed Endangered (PE) and
Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions of
section 7 and section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended. As of October 27, 1992, the USFWS lists two
mammalian species and four plant species, which are federally
protected, for Buncombe county.
Table 2 Federally Protected Species, Buncombe County
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME STATUS
Fe_is concolor cougar eastern cougar E
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Carolina flying squirrel E
Geum radiatum spreading avens E
Sarracenia rubra var.ionesii moutain sweet pitcher plant E
Saaittaria fasciculata) bunched arrowhead E
Soiraea virainiana) Virginia spiraea T
Suitable habitat for Virginia spiraea and bunched arrowhead
does occur in the project area. Specific surveys for these
two species were conducted and no plants were found. Brief
descriptions of these species and their habitat requirements
are provided below. -
9
Felis concolor cougar (eastern cougar) E
Family: Felidae
Date Listed: 6/4/73
The cougars historic range included eastern Canada and
extended south through the Mid Atlantic region merging with
the range of the Florida cougar. The hypothetical range of
the eastern cougar includes all of Kentucky and North Carolina,
eastern Tennessee, and northeastern South Carolina. in North
Carolina the cougar is thought to occur in only a few scattered
areas, possibly including coastal swamps and the southern
Appalachian mountains. Populations of cougars have been
tentatively identified in Great Smokey Mountain National Park,
Near Unit 22 in the Natahala National Forest, the northern
Uwharrie National Forest, and in the southeastern counties.
The eastern cougar is a large, long-tailed cat that lacks
spots. These cats measure from 2.1-2.7 m in length including
the tail and weigh 68-91 kg. Cougars are tawny colored with
the exception of the muzzle, the backs of the ears, and the
tip of the tail, which are black. Cougar kittens are spotted
and have ringed tails.
The eastern cougar is found in large remote wilderness
areas where there is an abundance of their primary food source,
white-tailed deer, their primary food source. Cougars are also
known to feed on wild pigs, wild turkeys, and domestic livestock.
A cougar will usually occupy a range of 25 miles and they are
most active at night.
There are no remote forested areas within the project
boundaries that will be impacted by project construction. The
forested area in the project vicinity is broken up by the
existing Interstate and agricultural development. The eastern
cougar will not be impacted by this project.
Glaucomvs sabrinus coloratus (northern flying squirrel) E
Family: Sciurdiae Date Listed: 7/1/85 The northern flying
squirrel is widely distributed in northern North America and
was not Known to exist on the east coast south of New York until
well into the 20th century.
There are several isolated populations of the ncrthern flying
squirrel in the western part of North Carolina, along the
Tennessee border. These populations are in Yancey and Haywood
counties and in the vicinity of Mt.Mitchell.
The northern flying squirrel is a small gliding rodent,
that measures 26-31 cm in total length and 95-140 gm in weight.
This squirrel has a large well furred flap of skin along either
side of its body, this flap of skin is connected at the wrist
in the front and at the ankle in the rear. The skin flaps and
its broad flattened tail allow the northern flying squirrel to
10
glide from tree to tree. It is a solely nocturnal animal with
large dark eyes. Juvenile squirrels have a uniform dark grey
back and an off-white underside. Adult squirrels are
characteristically grey with a brownish, tan, or reddish wash
on the back, and a grayish-white to buffy white underside.
This squirrel is found above 5,000 feet in the vegetation
transition zone between hardwood and coniferous forests. Both
forest types are used to search for food and the hardwood forest
is used for nesting sites. Northern flying squirrels feed on
lichens, fungi, seeds, buds, fruit, staminate cones, insects,
and animal flesh. The northern flying squirrel occupies tree
cavities, woodpecker holes and less often leaf nests in the
winter. Leaf nests are most often occupied in the summer.
The inside of their nests is lined with lichens, moss, or
finely chewed bark. A West Virginia study has preliminary
results that show the use of burrows by northern flying
squirrels.
This project does not impact vegatation transition zone
habitats described, nor is the elavation above 5000 feet;
therefore no impacts to the Carolina northern flying squirrel
will occur as a result of project construction.
Geum radiatum (spreading avens) E
Family: Rosaceae
Federally Listed: April 5, 1990
Flowers Present: June - early July
This species is found only in the Nor=h Carolina and
Tennessee sections of the Southern Appalachian Mountains.
Known populations in Burke County have been extirpated and
populations in any other counties have shown a serious decline.
Stems of this perennial herb grow from horizontal rhizomes
and obtain a height of 2-5 decimeters. The stems are topped with
an indefinite cyme of bright yellow radially symmetrical flowers.
Basal leaves are odd-pinnately compound, terminal leaflets are
kidney shaped and much larger than the lateral leaflets, which are
reduced or absent. Leaflets have lobed or uneven margins and are
serrate, with long petioles. Stem leaves are smaller than the
basal, rounded to obovate, with irregularly cut margins. Fruits
are hemispheric aggregates of hairy achenes that are 7-9mm in
diameter.
Spreading avens occurs on scarps, bluffs, cliffs and
escarpments on mountains, hills, and ridges. Habitat requirements
for this species include full sunlight, high elevations, and
shallow acidic soils. The spreading avens is found in soils
composed of sand, pebbles, humus, sandy loam, clay loam, and
humus. Most populations are pioneers on rocky outcrops.
There are no scarps, bluffs or cliffs in the project
boundaries. It can be concluded that this project will not
11
impact this species.
Sagittaria fascilulata (bunched arrowhead) E
Family: Alismataceae `
Federally Listed: July 25, 1979
Flowers Present: April - June
This plant is found in North Carolina and South Carolina. It
is presently known from only one population in Henderson County,
North Carolina and four populations in South Carolina.
Historically it was found in seven additional locations in
Henderson County along the French Broad River Valley from south of
East Flat Rock north to Asheville.
The bunched arrowhead is an emersed aquatic perennial herb
that grows from 1.5 dm to 3 dm in height. It has spatulate leaves
that stem from the base of the plant. The leaves are 3 dm long
and 2 cm wide. The erect flowering stalk has both male and female
flowers on it, the male being above the female. Male flowers have
three reflexed sepals, three white petals, and numerous stamens
with pubescent dilated filaments. Female flowers have three
spreading or reflexed sepals, three white petals, and numerous
separate carpels. The fruiting head is composed of numerous
achenes that ascend from the stalks of the lowest whorl of
flowers.
The bunched arrowhead can be found in gently sloping bogs
with a slow, continuous flow of cool, clean water, underlain by a
clay layer. In these bogs water temperatures are variable, soil
and water pHs are between 4.8 and 6.6, and water depths are
constant. These plants occur naturally in shaded sites, but
populations do occur in unshaded areas these populations have
smaller,.less vigorous plants. Soils are characterized as sandy
loams below a muck layer ranging in depth from 25-60cm.
Suitable habitat occurs for this species along the shallow
stream banks. A plant by plant survey was conducted along the
banks, no plants were found. Construction of this project will
not impact this species.
Sarracenia rubra ssp. ionsii (mountain sweet pitcher plant) E
Family: Sarraceniaceae
Federally Listed: March 10, 1988
Flowers Present: May (late)
The mountain sweet pitcher plant is found in bogs and streams
in southwestern North Carolina and northwestern South Carolina.
The four North Carolina populations are found in the French Broad
River drainage basin in Henderson and Transylvania counties.
Although this species has been reported from Buncombe County it is
not known to currently survive there.
This insectivorous, rhizomatous, perennial herb grows from 21
to 73 centimeters in height. It has numerous erect leaves that
12
grow in clusters. Each leaf is shaped like a hollow, trumpet
shaped, almost tubular pitcher covered by a cordate hood.
Pitchers are a waxy dull green color and reticulately veined with
maroon-purple. The inside of the pitchers is retrorsely haired
and usually partially filled with liquid and decaying insect
parts. The maroon colored flowers are borne singly on erect
scapes and have recurving sepals. Fruits appear in August.
The mountain sweet pitcher plant is found in mountain bogs
and along streamsides. This habitat is characterized by deep,
poorly drained wetlands with soils that are combinations of loam,
sand, and silt, with a high organic content and medium to highly
acidic pH. Sites are intermittently exposed to flooding. This
plant is an early successional plant that relies on drought, water
fluctuation, periodic fire, and ice damage to maintain its open
disclimatic habitat.
The streamsides occuring in the project are well shaded
and not maintained at a disclimatic state. There is no suitable
habitat for this species in the project area, therefore this
species will not be impacted by project construction.
Soiraea viroiniana (Virginia spiraea) T
Family: Rosaceae
Federally Listed: June 15, 1990
Flowers Present: June - July
SAi.raea Virainiana is most easily located from the late fall
to the early spring when the herbaceous growth is minimal and the
leaves are down," (personal commmunication Douglas Ogle, Associate
Professor of Biology, Virginia Highlands Community College)
Virginia spiraea is presently known from 24 locations in six
different states. In North Carolina it is found on the South Fork
of the New River, Ashe County, the Little Tennessee River, Macon
County, the Nolichucky River, Mitchell and Yancey counties, the
South Toe River, Yancey County, and the Cane River, Yancey County.
It is only known from historic collections in Buncombe and Graham
counties.
This shrub has arching and upright stems that grow from one
to three meters tall. It sprouts readily and is often found in
dense clumps. The leaves are alternate and vary greatly in size,
shape, and degree of serration. They are green above and usually
somewhat glaucous below. The cream colored flowers occur in
branched, flattoped inflorescences that are approximately ten to
twenty centimeters wide.
Virginia spiraea is found in a very narrow range of habitats
consisting of scoured banks of high gradient streams, on meander
scrolls, point bars, natural levees, or braided features of lower
reaches. The scour must be sufficient to prevent canopy closure,
but not extreme enough to completely remove small, woody species.
This species occurs in the maximum floodplain, usually at the

water's edge with various other disturbance-dependent species. it
is most successful in areas with full sunlight, but can survive in
shaded areas until it is released from competition.
A plant by plant survey was conducted for this.species along--
the stream banks. No plants were found, therefore it can be
concluded that this project will not impact Virginia spiraea.
4.2.2 Federal Candidate Species
There are a total of twenty two category C2 federal candidate
species listed for Buncombe county (Table 1;. Candidate 2 (C2)
species are defined as taxa for which there is some evidence of
vulnerability, but for which there are not enough data to warrant
a listing of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed Endangered, or
Proposed Threatened at this time. These species are mentioned
here for information purposes, should they become protected in the
future. Specific searches for any of these species was not
conducted, nor were these species observed during site visit.
TABLE 3. Federal Candidate Species Buncombe County
13
Sc.entific Name
Common :lame
Habitat
myotis subulatus leibii
Dendroica cerulea
Clemmys muhlenberaii
Cryptobranchus alleaaniensis
Percina macrocephala
Cambarus reburrus
Phvciodes batesi
Sneyeria diana
Buckleva distichophvlla
Calamaarostis cainii
Euphorbia pur urea
Gvmnoderma lineare
Hexastylis contracta
Jualans cinerea
3uncus trifidus
carolinianus
Lilium arayii
Lysimachia fraseri
Rudbeckia triloba var.
pinnatiloba
Saxifraaa caroliniana
Silene ovata
Hexastylis rhombiformis
MonotroiDsis odorata
eastern small- No
footed bat
cerulean warbler Yes
bog turtle Yes
hellbender Yes
longhead darter Yes
French Broad Yes
stream crayfish
Tawny crescent Yes
butterfly
Diana fritillary Yes
butterIly
Piratebush Yes
Cane's reedgrass No
Wolf's milk spurge Yes
rock gnome lichen No
mountain heartleaf No
Butternut Yes
one flowered rush No
Gray's lily Yes
Fraser's loosestrife Yes
Pinnately-lobed brown- No
eyed sunflower
Gray's saxifrage No
Mountain catchf ly Yes
French Broad heartleaf Yes
sweet pinesap No

4.2.3 State Protected Species
14
Plants or animals with state designations of Endangered (E),
Threatened (T), or Special Concern (SC), are given protection by
the State Endangered Species Act and the N.C. Plant Protection
and Conservation Act of 1979, administered and enforced by the
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture.
A search of the NC-NHP data base of rare plants and
animals found no records of state protected species occurring
within the project area.
401,
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
TIP Project No. B-2516
State Project No. 8.1842601
Federal-Aid Project No. BRM-5011(4)
A. Project Description:
Replace Bridge XQ, 133 -on = $.1 over $,dW Creek In
Asheville. Buncombe County. The subject bridge will be
replaced with a triple barrel reinforced concrete
culvert. Traffic is to be maintained on-site during
construction.
NOTE: See attached location map. Refer to Section D,
"Special Project Information," for list of ENVIRONMENTAL
COMMITMENTS.
B. Purpose ,a Need: Bridge No. 133 should be replaced due
to its age and deteorated condition. The bridge has a
sufficiency rating of 10.0 compared to 100 for a new
structure. The superstructure is in poor condition and
has a remaining life of about 5 years.
C. Proposed Improvements:
Circle one or more of the following improvements which
apply to the project:
Tyne I Improvements
1. Non-construction activities (program activities)
2. Approval of utility installations along or across a
transportation facility
3. Construction of bicycle and pedestrian lanes,
paths, and facilities
4. Activities included in the State's "highway safety
plan" under 23 USC 402 (programs administered by
the Division of Motor Vehicles)
5. Transfer of Federal lands pursuant to 23 USC 317
when the subsequent action is not an FHWA action
6. The installation of noise barriers or alterations
to existing publicly owned buildings to provide for
noise reduction
7. Landscaping
8. Installation of fencing, signs, pavement markings,
small passenger shelters, traffic signals, and
railroad warning devices
9. Emergency repairs under 23 USC 125 (Governor
Declared Emergency)
10. Acquisition of scenic easements
11. Determination of payback under 23 CFR Part 480 for
property previously acquired with Federal-aid
participation
1
12. Improvements to existing rest areas and truck weigh
stations
13. Ridesharing activities
14. Bus and rail car rehabilitation
15. Alterations to facilities or vehicles in order to
make them accessible for elderly and handicapped
persons
16. Program administration, technical assistance
activities, and operating assistance to transit
authorities to continue existing service or
increase service to meet changes in routine demand
17. The purchase of vehicles by the applicant where the
use of these vehicles can be accommodated by
existing facilities or by new facilities which
themselves are within a CE
18. Track and railbed maintenance and improvements when
carried out within the existing right of way
19. Purchase and installation of operating or
maintenance equipment to be located within the
transit facility and with no significant impacts
off the site
20. Promulgation of rules, regulations, and directives.
Type II Improvements
1. Modernization of a highway by resurfacing,
restoration, rehabilitation, reconstruction, adding
shoulders, or adding auxiliary lanes (e.g.,
parking, weaving, turning, climbing).
a. Restoring, Resurfacing, Rehabilitating, and
Reconstructing pavement (3R and 4R
improvements)
b. Widening roadway and shoulders without adding
through lanes
c. Modernizing gore treatments
d. Constructing lane improvements (merge,
auxiliary, and turn lanes)
e. Adding shoulder drains
f. Replacing and rehabilitating culverts, inlets,
and drainage pipes, including safety
treatments
g. Providing driveway pipes
h. Performing minor bridge widening (less than
one through lane)
2. Highway safety or traffic operations improvement
projects including the installation of ramp
metering control devices and lighting.
a. Installing ramp metering devices
b. Installing lights
c. Adding or upgrading guardrail
d. Installing safety barriers including Jersey
2
?Y
type barriers and pier protection
e. Installing or replacing impact attenuators
f. Upgrading medians including adding or
upgrading median barriers
g. Improving intersections including relocation
and/or realignment
h. Making minor roadway realignment
i. Channelizing traffic
j. Performing clear zone safety improvements
including removing hazards and flattening
slopes
k. Implementing traffic aid systems, signals, and
motorist aid
1. Installing bridge safety hardware including
bridge rail retrofit
3. Bridge rehabilitation, reconstruction, or
replacement or the construction of grade separation
to replace existing at-grade railroad crossings.
a. Rehabilitating, reconstructing, or replacing
bridge approach slabs
b. Rehabilitating or replacing bridge decks
c. Rehabilitating bridges including painting (no
red lead paint), scour repair, fender systems,
and minor structural improvements
Replacing a bridge (structure and/or fill)
4. Transportation corridor fringe parking facilities.
5. Construction of new truck weigh stations or rest
areas.
6. Approvals for disposal of excess right-of-way or
for joint or limited use of right-of-way, where the
proposed use does not have significant adverse
impacts.
7. Approvals for changes in access control.
8. Construction of new bus storage and maintenance
facilities in areas used predominantly for
industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing
zoning and located on or near a street with
adequate capacity to handle anticipated bus and
support vehicle traffic.
9. Rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing rail
and bus buildings and ancillary facilities where
only minor amounts of additional land are required
and there is not a substantial increase in the
number of users.
3
It
10. Construction of bus transfer facilities (an open
area consisting of passenger shelters, boarding
areas, kiosks and related street improvements) when
located in a commercial area or other high activity
center in which there is adequate street capacity
for projected bus traffic.
11. Construction of rail storage and maintenance
facilities in areas used predominantly for
industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing
zoning and where there is no significant noise
impact on the surrounding community.
12. Acquisition of land for hardship or protective
purposes, advance land acquisition loans under
section 3(b) of the UMT Act. Hardship and
protective buying will be permitted only for a
particular parcel or a limited number of parcels.
These types of land acquisition qualify for a CE
only where the acquisition will not limit the
evaluation of alternatives, including shifts in
alignment for planned construction projects, which
may be required in the NEPA process. No project
development on such land may proceed until the NEPA
process has been completed.
D. Special Project Information: (Including ENVIRONMENTAL
COMMITMENTS)
By request of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (see attached letter), consideration should be
given to designing the box culvert such that one barrel
carries all of the normal flow and the other two barrels
carry high flows only. One barrel could be buried lower
than the others, or substrate could be piled in two of
the barrels to encourage the primary flow in only one
barrel under normal flow conditions.
No other special or unique envirommnetal commitments
are proposed for this project.
4
r
Replacement Structure: The replacement structure is a
triple barrel 11' x 9' reinforced concrete box
culvert located immediately north of the existing
bridge.
Traffic volumes: The current average daily traffic of
10,700 vehicles per day is expected to increase to
19,300 vehicles per day in 2013. These projections
include 2% TTSTs and 3% duals.
Typical Section: The roadway typical section will
consist of a 24-foot travelway with 8-foot graded
shoulders. Some curve widening may be needed due to
the curvature of the roadway on the west approach to
the structure.
Maintenance of Traffic: Traffic will be maintained
on-site by using a phased-construction technique.
Due to the high traffic volumes and lack of a
suitable detour route, traffic must be maintained
on-site during construction. The traffic will be
maintained on the existing structure while the
culvert and approach roadway is constructed
immediately north of the existing bridge. The
traffic will be shifted to the new culvert section,
and then the existing bridge will be removed and the
culvert extended to complete the permanent roadway
section.
Design Sneed: A design exception may be required since
the design speed is 40 MPH and NC 81 is currently
posted 45 MPH. However, this project provides an
improvement in the horizontal alignment of the
roadway along the west approach to the structure.
Access: Access to the businesses on the northeast
quadrant and the access road on the northwest
quadrant of the project will be maintained during
construction.
cost: The estimated construction cost of the bridge
replacement project, as proposed, is $ 489,000, and
an additional $ 432,000 will be needed for right of
way acquisition. The total cost of the project, as
proposed, is $ 921,000. The total estimated cost for
right of way and construction, as included in the
current Transportation Improvement Program, is
$ 550,000.
5

E. Threshold Criteria
If any Type II actions are involved in the project, the
following evaluation must be completed. If the project
consists only of Type I improvements, the following checklist
does not need to be completed.
ECOLOGICAL YES M
(1) Will the project
on any unique or
(2) Does the project
federally listed
species may occu
have a substantial impact
important natural resource?
involve habitat where
endangered or threatened
r?
I I X
IXI
(3) Will the project affect anadromous fish? I I X
(4) If the project involves wetlands, is the
amount of permanent and/or temporary +---+
wetland taking less than one-third x I
(1/3) of an acre AND have all practicable ---- -----
measures to avoid and minimize wetland
takings been evaluated?
(5) Will the project require the use of I I X
U. S. Forest service lands? +---+ ----
(6) Will the quality of adjacent water +---+
resources be adversely impacted by I I X
proposed construction activities? +---+ ----
(7) Does the project involve waters classified +---+
as Outstanding Water Resources (OWR) and/or I I X
High Quality Waters (HQW)? +---+ ----
(8) Will the project require fill in waters of +---+
the United States in any of the designated ( X
mountain trout counties? +---+ ----
(9) Does the project involve any known +---+
underground storage tanks (UST's) or ( I X
hazardous materials sites? +---+ ----
6

4
PERMITS AND COORDINATION ES NO
(10) If the project is located within a CAMA +---+
county, will the project significantly i I X
affect the coastal zone and/or any "Area +---+ ----
of Environmental Concern" (AEC)?

(11) Does the project. involve Coastal Barrier I I X
Resources Act resources? +---+ ----

(12) Will a U. S. Coast Guard permit be ( I X
required? +---+ ----

(13) Will the project result in the modification ( I X
of any existing regulatory floodway? +---+ ----

(14) Will the project require any stream ( I X
relocations or channel changes? +---+ ----
SOCIA L AND ECONOMIC

(15) Will the project induce substantial impacts ( I X
to planned growth or land use for the area? +---+ ----

(16) Will the project require the relocation of I X
any family or business? +---+ ----
(17) If the project involves the acquisition of +---+
right of way, is the amount of right of way X I I
acquisition considered minor? ---- -----
(18) Will the project involve any changes in
access control?
(19) Will the project substantially alter the
usefulness and/or land use of adjacent
property?
(20) Will the project have an adverse effect on
permanent local traffic patterns or
community cohesiveness?
I I X
I I X
I I X
7

-.
YES NQ
(21) Is the project included in an approved +---+
thoroughfare plan and/or Transportation X
Improvement Program (and is, therefore, in ---- -----
conformance with the Clean Air Act of
1990)?
(22) Is the project anticipated to cause an X
increase traffic volumes? +---+ ----
(23) Will traffic be maintained during +---+
construction using existing roads, staged X I I
construction, or on-site detours? ---- -----
(24) Is there substantial controversy on social, +---+
economic, or environmental grounds I I X
concerning the project? +---+ ----
(25) Is the project consistent with all Federal, +---+
State, and local laws relating to the X i I
environmental aspects of the action? ---- -----
CULTURAL RESOURCES
(26) Will the project have an "effect" on +---+
properties eligible for or listed on the I I X
National Register of Historic Places? +---+ ----
(27) Will the project require the use of
Section 4(f) resources (public parks, +---+
recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl i I X
refuges, historic sites, or historic +---+ ----
bridges, as defined in Section 4(f) of the
U. S. Department of Transportation Act of
1966)?
(28) Will the project involve construction in, +---+
across, or adjacent to a river designated I I X
as a component of or proposed for inclusion +---+ ----
in the Natural System of Wild and Scenic
Rivers?
8
Id
F. Additional Documentation Reauired fQX Unfavorable
Responses lII Part 2
(Discussion regarding all unfavorable responses in Part E
should be provided below. Additional supporting
documentation may be attached, as necessary.)
Response ID Question -# 2
As of January 7, 1993, five species were listed as
federally protected by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service for Buncombe County: eastern cougar Feli
concolor cougar), Carolina flying squirrel _(Glaucomvs
sabrinus coloratus), spreading avens LGeum radiatuml,
Mountain sweet pitcher plant (Sarracenia rubs var.
jonesiil, bunched arrowhead (Saaittaria fasciculatal,
and Virginia spirea (Suirea yirginiana). Of the species
listed for Buncombe County, suitable habitat exists for
Virginia spirea and bunched arrowhead within the project
area.
A plant by plant survey for these two species was
conducted along the stream banks at the project site on
October 21, 1992. No plants were found. Therefore, it
was concluded that the project will not impact these
federally protected species.
Response _tQ Question _# $
While the project may involve fill associated with
construction of the subject project, the project is not
anticipated to affect waters supporting trout species.
Coordination with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
commission (see attached letter) indicates Haw Creek is
not a Designated Public Mountain Trout Water nor does
the creek support trout. Recommendations made by this
agency will be taken into consideration during design of
the culvert structure.
Response U Question -4 1
The project will affect one craft store and one
fruit stand. The craft store occupies two buildings,
only one of which will be taken by the proposed project.
The craft store employees two persons. The produce
stand, which has one employee, will also be taken. (A
Relocation Report is attached.) The project is not
considered to have a significant impact since the
project will not disrupt business services and the total
number of employees affected by the proposed project is
three.
9
if
G. SE Approval
TIP Project No. B-2516
State Project No. 8.1842601
Federal-Aid Project Noy BRM-5011(4)
Replace Bridae No. 133 = . U over 11aw Creek im
Asheville. Buncombe County. The subject bridge will be
replaced with a triple barrel reinforced concrete
culvert. Traffic is to be maintained on-site during
construction.
NOTE: See attached location map. Refer to Section D,
"Special Project Information," for list of ENVIRONMENTAL
COMMITMENTS.
Cateaorical Exclusion Action Classification: (Check one)
TYPE I
TYPE II(A)
_X_ TYPE II (B)
4-^8-73 iv,
Date Aitmanager
Planning & Environmental Branch
? i / 8/93
Date Projec Planning Unit Head
C?
D to Pro' ct Planning Engineer
For Type II(B) projects only:
o -3 G
Date Divi on Administrator
FO4 Federal Highway Administration
10
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® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Julie A. Hunkins, P. E.
North Carolina Department of Transportation
FROM: Stephanie E. Goudreau, Mt. Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program ???rl?C
DATE: March 12, 1993
SUBJECT: Scoping comments regarding impacts to trout from
replacing Bridge #133 on NC 81 over Haw Creek, Buncombe
County (TIP #B-2516)
This correspondence responds to a request by you for our
comments regarding impacts to trout from replacing Bridge #133
over Haw Creek in Buncombe County.
Haw Creek is not Designated Public Mountain Trout Water nor
does it support trout. Therefore, we do not believe this project
will cause significant effects to waters supporting trout and we
do not object to the project as proposed.
The NCWRC would like to recommend that one barrel of the
proposed triple barrel 111x 9' reinforced concrete box culvert be
designed so that it carries all normal flow and the other two
barrels carry high flows only. This will ensure that adequate
water depth exists in one barrel for fish passage rather than
having a thin sheet flow of water through each barrel at normal
flows. One barrel could be buried lower than the others, or
substrate could be piled in the high flow barrels. We would
appreciate any action the NCDOT could take on this recommendation
although this measure would largely benefit nongame fish species
rather than trout or other gamefish.
I appreciate the opportunity to provide this information
request in the early planning stages of this project. Please
contact me at 704/652-4257 if you have any questions regarding
these comments.
cc: Mr. Micky Clemmons, District 9 Fisheries Biologist
Mr. David Yow, NCWRC Highway Coordinator
w R E L O C A T ION R E P O R T North Carolina Department of Transportation
A, 1 E.I..S. CORRIDOR _ DESIGN RELOCATION ASSISTANCE
ROJECT• _,Q%Py.1Le,[_ COMITY' ?COraAg- Alternate _L of -L Alternate
N,1fNer JN
I . D . NO.:? F . A . PROJECT:
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ?i?c?,p ?4 c r i?s t.z ?" ?3- -? S/ ?° ?'? 8vq c e.? h ?c. ___. __ ._
Cd vn ?y -
......... _ ...... ..................... .
EST I MATED D I SPLACEE5 INCOME LEVEL. ________
Type of M i nor- - 50 LIP
FDisplacee Owners Tenants Total sties 0_15M 15-25M 25-35M 35 SM
- - - - - -- - - - ---- - - ---------------------------
Families O ................. __...... _.................. Rusinesses VALLE OF DWELLING OSS DWELLINGS AVAILABLE
___........... _ ......................... _............. .......
1 _._.___._..-......_.... ._._._...1150-250
Farms Owners Tenants For Sale For Rent
Non-Profit o 0 0 0-20M _ $ 0-150 _ 0-20M _ $
_.._. .. ._ :..._..__ .......... .... __.^..............
....._.._....._.._._---_..._...._...._._.___._._.......____..._.__..._...._._....._
_ `. _____ . ___. _. __...._.......... ........ ............._.
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS 20-40M _ 150-250 - 20-40M ..................
....... ....
YES. NO EXPLAIN ALL "YES" ANSWERS 40-70M _ 250-400 _ 40-7DM _ 2SO-400 -
I
_.____-._......... ............ .............._........_.
.......... .........
-s -100 400-600 -
X 1. Will special relocation 70-100 400-600 _ 70
erv i ces be necessary _.............................. ...... ...........................
2. w i l l schoo I s or churches be 100 LIP _ 600 LP - 100 LIP _ 600 LIE' -
___..._ ___._:....__.._._........_._......_ ..........................._.,
affected by displacement
3. Will business services still TOTAL --
__._...__ __..._.._............ _ ....... ._...... .._......
be available after project
4. Will any business be dis- REMARKS (Respond by Number)
placed. if so, indicate size 3 - Oh/y oa e CV 7`; -f, 4'?cr e-
type, estimated number of ?r6o%c,e s „d /.s del I" a YcY <YQr
X•-•••• employees) minorities, etc. 7-4 c cf w,// 11 et o?i.srup7"
S. Will relocation cause a
Housing shortage jS.idinrd,f S?rviC?PS ,
X 6. Source for available hous-
ing (I ist) '?- ff cra{t ??er? qNO? 4 ?.-ao%c? .5??.??
X 7. Will additional housing qrr 6p?;n9 4-/4,e /ed 6y /`?+e ?•-ofecz?_
... programs be needed.
Tfip crF{V S/orr_ occ&PiCLr
8. Should Last Resort Housing
......... ..... ...... be considered 6? qr d -7 SOO _S'0Q.-r A-e t
x 9. Are there large, disabledi wiA? wo a) e /eyper Qnc/ ro
.... ............ ............. elderly, etc. families I»i?oi•i//e, r,
_ ................... ANSWER THESE AL90 FOR DESIGN
Ca} je P'°-/"c
10. Wi I I public housing be. T Snc? occ ????-{
needed for project 80o Syu4rC {re7' wlfq m'e ((1
..._............ . ............ o
Is public housing avai I-
............................ i able
12. Is it felt there will be ad-
equate DDS housing.available
•••••••••-....,. during relocation period
13. Will there be a problem of
housing within financial
............ means
14. Are suitable business sites
-..... ........ _. available (I i st source)
15. Number months, estimated to
complete RELOCATION
.._.......... ..... ..........._..._......._..
_ .................... ........ ....... _.._..- - -
Relocation Agent. Date
mi-m 15.4 Revised 5/90 /01Y-1
Approved Date
Original & 1 Copy= State Relocatinn Agent
2 Copy: Area Relocation File