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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
JAMES B. HUNT, JR.
GOVERNOR
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
May 9, 1994
District Engineer
Army Corps of Engineers
P. O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
ATTENTION: Regulatory Branch
Dear Sir:
MAY 11994
C
SSET
R. SAMUEL HUNT II I
SECRETARY
Subject: Hertford County, Replacement of Bridge No. 23
on NC 45 over the Wiccacon River,'Federal Aid
Project No. BRS-5053(2), State Project No.
8.1070401, TIP No. B-1231.
Attached for your information are three copies of
the project planning report for the subject project.
The project is being processed by the Federal Highway
Administration as a "Categorical Exclusion" in
accordance with 23 CFR 771.115(b). Therefore, we do not
anticipate requesting an individual permit but propose
to proceed under a Nat' Permit in accordance with
33 CFR 330 Appendix (B-23) issued November 22, 1991,
by the Corps of Engiinee The provisions of Section
330.4 and Appendix A (C) of these regulations will be
followed in the construction of the project.
We anticipate that 401 General Certification No.
2745 (Categorical Exclusion) will apply to this project,
and are providing one copy of the CE document to the
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management,
for their review.
We anticipate that a permit will be required from the
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management, for this
r•
project. DOT will apply directly to DEHNR for that permit
when plans have been developed.
If you have any questions or need additional
information, please call Mr. Doug Huggett of NCDOT's
Environmental Unit at 733-3141.
Sincerely,
B. Qui , PE
Assistant Branch Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
BJO/dvh
cc: w/attachment
Mr. David Lekson, COE-Washington
Mr. John Dorney, NCDEHNR, DEM
Mr. John Parker, NCDEHNR, DCM
w/out attachment
Mr. Kelly Barger, PE, Program Development Branch
Mr. Don Morton, PE, Highway Design Branch
Mr. A.L. Hankins, PE, Hydraulics Unit
Mr. John L. Smith Jr., PE, Structure Design Unit
Mr. Tom Shearin, PE, Roadway Design Unit
Mr. Jimmy Lee, PE, Bridge Maintenance Unit
Mr. D.R. Conner, PE, Division 1 Engineer
Ms. Michele James, Planning and Environmental Branch
Mr. Davis Moore, Planning and Environmental Branch
NC 45, Bridge No. 23
over Wiccacon River, Hertford County
Federal-Aid Project BRS-5053(2)
State Project 8.1070401
B-1231
Y
REVISED
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
l
AND
N. C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
APPROVED:
Date H. F. Vick, P.E., Manager
°r Planning and Environmental Branch, NCDOT
Date Nicholas L. Graf, P.E.
`Division Administrator, FHWA
ar
NC 45, Bridge No. 23
over Wiccacon River, Hertford County
Federal-Aid Project BRS-5053(2)
State Project 8.1070401
B-1231
REVISED
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
April, 1994
Documentation Prepared in Planning and Environmental Branch By:
Mich le L. James
Project Planning Engineer `e?o?e?etea??aP,a9
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Wayne Elliott ; $ E A L
Bridge Project Planning Engineer, Unit Head 's 6976 =
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Lubin V. Prevatt, P.E. '?''?•?s u„prit??'?
Assistant Manager, Planning and Environmental Branch
NC 45, Bridge No. 23
over Wiccacon River, Hertford County
Federal-Aid Project BRS-5053(2)
State Project 8.1070401
B-1231
I. BACKGROUND
A Project Planning Report (categorical exclusion) for the subject
project was approved by FHWA on June 9, 1986.
The recommended alternate was to replace Bridge No. 23 with a new
bridge at the existing location over the Wiccacon River (see Figure 1).
Y Traffic was to be maintained during construction by providing an on-site
temporary detour.
Subsequent to that time, additional preliminary design studies have
identified a more feasible alternative. Therefore, the project is being
reevaluated.
II. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
Bridge No. 23 should be replaced on new location approximately 50
feet northeast of the existing bridge as shown by Alternate 3 in Figure 2.
The new bridge will be approximately 340 feet-long with a clear deck width
of 30 feet. The structure will provide a 24-foot travelway with a 3-foot
offset on each side. The vertical clearance beneath the bridge will be
approximately 15 feet. The recommended roadway approach is a 24-foot wide
pavement with 8-foot graded shoulders. Approximately 1400 feet of new
roadway will be required.
The estimated cost of the recommended Alternate 3 is $1,366,000.
III. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS
This project will require a Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) Major
Development permit, a U.S. Coast Guard permit, and a Nationwide 23 permit.
A 401 Water Quality Certification will also be required.
A representative of the Division of Marine Fisheries recommends an in
the water construction moratorium during the months of February through
May to allow postlarval development to occur.
Y
Best Management Practices will be implemented to avoid or minimize
environmental impacts.
Archaeological data recovery excavations will be completed prior to
any construction activity. The data recovery plan will be prepared in
consultation with representatives from the State Historic Preservation
Office (SHPO).
The existing structure and roadway embankments will be removed to
natural ground.
2
IV. EXISTING CONDITIONS
The existing Bridge No. 23 over Wiccacon River was built in 1940.
The superstructure consists of a reinforced concrete slab on steel
I-beams. The substructure is constructed of creosoted timber caps and
piles for twelve interior bents and reinforced concrete caps on timber
piles for two other interior bents. The bridge length is 379 feet. The
main span of the bridge is 69 feet and contains a timber fender system
that provides navigational clearances of 58 feet horizontally and 25 feet
vertically. Clear roadway width is 25 feet 10 inches. The posted weight
limit at the bridge is 24 tons for a single vehicle and 27 tons for
truck-tractor semi-trailer (TTST). The sufficiency rating of Bridge No.
23 is 25.0.
NC 45 is classified as a major collector by the Statewide Functional
Classification System. It serves as a rural connector from Plymouth and
other towns west of the Albemarle Sound to major routes north of the
bridge leading to Virginia. Ahoskie is also located approximately 10
miles southwest of the bridge location. The speed limit is 55 MPH. The
current traffic volume of 1400 VPD is expected to increase to 2600 VPD by
the year 2016. The projected volume includes 9% TTST and o dual-tire
trucks. The heavy truck traffic is due to paper mills located in Plymouth
and Franklin, Virginia as well as a Georgia Pacific plant located 10 miles
west of Harrellsville outside of Ahoskie. Existing school bus traffic on
the bridge consists of 5 buses making a total of 10 crossings each school
day.
The typical roadway cross section consists of a 22-foot asphalt
pavement with 8-foot grassed shoulders. The vertical and horizontal
alignments are good. The bridge is located in a crest vertical curve
within a tangent alignment. A 3 degree horizontal curve is located
approximately 300 feet south of the bridge. SR 1443 is located
approximately 800 feet north of the bridge. Two accidents have been
reported in the vicinity of the bridge for the period of May, 1990 through
June, 1993. Neither the condition of the bridge nor the alignment of the
roadway contributed to these accidents.
The topography in the area is relatively flat. Land use adjacent to
the bridge is primarily wooded. A hog farming operation is located
approximately 0.3 mile southeast of the bridge. The hogs forage through
the wooded area within 200 feet of the southeast corner of the bridge. A
residential structure is located approximately 150 feet northwest of the
bridge. Cultivated fields lie 600 feet south and 900 feet north of the
structure. Overhead power and telephone lines parallel the bridge 45 feet
to the west. Two overhead telephone cables parallel the bridge 45 feet to
the east and traverse underground on the east side of NC 45.
Due to degraded water quality and abandoned barge transporting
operations by the logging industry, the water traffic on the Wiccacon
River in the vicinity of the project has been reduced to only occasional
usage, mostly pleasure craft. Bass boats and fishing boats 18-22 feet
long that do not exceed 8 feet in height are examples of these crafts.
The timber fender system present at the bridge appears to be abandoned and
no longer serviceable.
3
V. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
ALTERNATE 1 - Replace bridge at present location with off-site
detour.
The replacement structure would be replaced at the present bridge
site. The horizontal alignment would remain the same; however, the
vertical clearance beneath the structure would be reduced from 25 feet to
15 feet. The new structure would be 340 feet in length with a clear deck
width of 30 feet. A design speed of approximately 60 MPH would result.
During an estimated one year construction period, traffic would be
detoured locally via Secondary Roads 1427, 1432, and NC Route 561 (See
Figure 1). This detour would create an additional 3.1 miles of
out-of-direction through travel, and as much as 10 miles for local
traffic. This would result in road user costs of approximately $460,000.
Secondary Roads 1427 and 1432 would need to be strengthened for the
heavier truck traffic. In addition, a sharp curve south of Bridge No. 40
on SR 1427 would not be suitable for the truck traffic anticipated for
this detour. This curve is in excess of 20 degrees, resulting in a design
speed of approximately 30 MPH.
Estimated costs for Alternate 1 are as follows:
Roadway Approaches $ 116,000
Replacement Structure $ 510,000
Existing Structure Removal $ 49,000
*Detour Improvements $ 507,000
Engineering, Contingencies,
Miscellaneous, and Mobilization $ 468,000
Right-of-Way $ 13,000
TOTAL $1,663,000
*The $507,000 cost for the detour is for roadway improvements on
SR 1427 and SR 1432.
ALTERNATE 2 - Replace bridge at present location with on-site
detour.
This alternate was recommended in the June, 1986 planning document.
Bridge No. 23 would be replaced at the present bridge site. The
horizontal alignment would remain the same; however, the vertical
clearance beneath the structure would be reduced from 25 feet to 15 feet.
The new structure would be 340 feet with a clear deck width of 30 feet.
During construction, traffic would be maintained via a temporary
on-site detour on the northeast side (see Figure 2). The east side was
chosen in lieu of the southwest side because fewer utility lines would
need to be relocated and the woodlands on the southwest quadrant are of
better quality than the other quadrants around the bridge. Two telephone
poles will require relocation as well as an underground telephone cable.
4
A total of 1400 feet of approach roadway would be required. A design
speed of approximately 60 MPH would result for the permanent improvement.
The detour structure would have a length of 340 feet and a width of 26
feet.
Estimated costs for Alternate 2 are as follows:
Roadway Approaches $ 116,000
Replacement Structure $ 510,000
Existing Structure Removal $ 49,000
Temporary Detour $ 654,000
Engineering, Contingencies, $ 471,000
Miscellaneous, and Mobilization $
Right of Way $ 14,000
TOTAL $1,814,000
ALTERNATE 3 - Currently recommended - Permanent re-alignment with a
new structure northeast of the existing bridge
This alternate will utilize the present roadway and structure as a
detour while the new structure and approaches are being constructed. The
new structure will provide a vertical clearance of 15 feet. The approach
roadway length to the new structure will be about 700 feet on each end. A
design speed of approximately 60 MPH will result. The new structure
length will be approximately 340 feet with a clear width of 30 feet. A
roadway width of 24 feet with 8-foot grassed shoulders will be typical for
the new roadway alignment. This alternative will acquire approximately 3
acres of right of way. The existing structure will be removed and the
abandoned approaches restored to natural ground elevations.
Estimated costs for Alternate 3 are as follows:
Roadway Approaches $ 403,400
Structure $ 510,000
Structure Removal $ 49,000
Temporary Detour $ ---
Engineering, Contingencies,
Miscellaneous, and Mobilization $ 387,600
Right of Way $ 16,000
TOTAL $1,366,000
The "do-nothing" alternative would eventually necessitate closure of
the bridge. This is not desirable due to the traffic service provided by
NC 45. Rehabilitation of the old bridge is not feasible due to its age
and deteriorated condition.
5
VI. DISCUSSION OF RECOMMENDED ALTERNATIVE
Replacement of the bridge is recommended on new location along the
alignment shown by Alternate 3 in Figure 2. The selection of Alternate 3
is based primarily upon its being the least costly of the alternatives
considered.
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
The project is expected to have an overall positive impact.
Replacement of an inadequate bridge will result in safer traffic
operations.
y The project is considered to be a Federal "categorical exclusion" due
to its limited scope and insignificant environmental consequences.
With the use of current NCDOT standards and specifications, the
bridge replacement will not have a significant adverse effect on the
quality of the human or natural environment.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or
zoning regulation. No change in land use is expected to result from
construction of the project.
No adverse impact on families or communities is anticipated.
Right-of-way acquisition will be limited.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is expected. The
project is not expected to affect social, economic, or religious
opportunities in the area.
Archaeology
The bridge replacement project was originally planned by the NCDOT in
1984-1985 and the project area was archaeologically surveyed in 1985
(Lautzenheiser, 1985). The survey resulted in the discovery of
archaeological site 31HF99, a significant prehistoric site that was to be
disturbed by the bridge replacement as it was designed at that time.
Archaeological data recovery excavations were recommended for 31HF99 as a
result of that survey.
Project planning engineers requested that the potential effects of
the project on archaeological resources be re-evaluated in light of the
current project plans. An archaeological survey and re-evaluation of the
bridge replacement project area were conducted on March 3, 1993 by NCDOT
staff archaeologists.
The new evaluation finds that Alternate 1 will not disturb
significant archaeological remains. Alternates 2 and 3, however, will
disturb a part of site 31HF99 that contains significant archaeological
resources. The site has yielded prehistoric Middle Woodland period
6
artifacts (Mt. Pleasant phase) and early historic period materials that
probably date from the 18th century. The site has potential to yield'
important archaeological data and it is potentially eligible for listing
in the National Register of Historic Places.
An archaeological data recovery investigation will be conducted
within the part of the site that is to be disturbed. This will serve to
mitigate the damage to the site. The data recovery plan will be prepared
in consultation with representatives from the State Historic Preservation
Office. Documentation supporting the finding of No Adverse Effect will be
submitted to SHPO and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. The
data recovery excavations will be completed prior to any construction
activity. See letter from SHPO in the Appendix (A-1).
Farmland Protection Policy Act
The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all federal agencies or
their representatives to consider the impact of land acquisition and
construction projects on prime and important farmland soils. These soils
are designated by the US Soil Conservation Service (SCS), based on
potential crop yield and other factors.
The SCS was asked to determine whether the proposed improvement will
impact prime or important farmland soils. The SCS responded that the
project will affect 1.57 acres of prime farmland soils. The relative
value of the affected soils was rated by the SCS at 39.7 on a land
evaluation scale of 0 to 100 points. Completion of the site assessment
portion of the Farmland Conversion Impact Rating form (AD-1006) shows that
the project impacts do not meet the minimum threshold at which
alternatives which lessen farmland impacts should be considered.
Therefore, further consideration under of farmland impacts is not
required. The completed form is included in the Appendix (A-2).
Historic Architectural Resources
ti
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, implemented by the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance
with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800. Section 106 requires that
if a federally funded, licensed, or permitted project has an effect on a
property listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic
Places, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation be given an
opportunity to comment.
The area of potential effect (APE) of the project was reviewed in the
field.
The only property over fifty years old within the APE is the bridge
itself, built in 1940. The bridge is one of approximately 249 state
maintained bridges of the same type, steel stringer/multi-beam or girder.
As such, it is not considered eligible for the National Register.
V
7
Since there are no properties within the project's APE that are
either listed in or eligible for the National Register, no further
compliance with Section 106 is required.
Natural Resources
The Wiccacon River is a tributary of the Chowan River. In the U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service's Wetlands and Deepwater Habitat Classification
system (Cowardin et al. 1979), the part of the Wiccacon to be impacted by
this project is a Lower Perennial Riverine system, bordered by forested
palustrine habitats and a narrow band of emergent wetlands. Vegetation
differs on either side of the river mainly due to differences in
hydrologic regime.
The Chowan and tributaries in its watershed have been identified as
highly nutrient-sensitive. Algae blooms, a persistent problem in these
waters, are attributed to sewage pollution (from community systems or
septic tanks) and agricultural runoff along tributaries upstream. At the
same time, vascular plant growth is also stimulated. Scattered patches of
duckweed were observed on September 5, 1985 and were reported to have been
massive earlier in the summer. Water in the Wiccacon is classified
Category C, suitable for fishing and fish propagation but not for bathing
or human consumption.
Sport and commercial fishing in the Wiccacon was historically
excellent but has declined due to increasing pollution of the river. The
area northwest of the existing bridge was developed as a fishing camp when
the bridge was constructed, but the camp was abandoned and the land
purchased for use as a private residence approximately 21 years ago.
The bridge occurs in the middle of a horseshoe-shaped bend in the
Wiccacon River, and this location strongly influences and changes the
topography on opposite sides of the river. The river currently tends
toward the outside of the bend, naturally eroding the land and gradually
shifting the course of the river by increasing the size and curvature of
the bend. This process also creates a relatively steep riverbank on the
outside of the bend. Conversely, minimal current occurs along the inside
of the bend, and this slow current deposits sediment and builds a very
gradually sloping river bank with a wide floodplain as the course of the
river shifts to the outside. These topographic differences strongly
affect the hydrocycle and vegetation on opposite sides of the river.
The land along the outside of the riverbend (northeast of the bridge)
floods rarely for brief periods, and species competitive on moist, but
moderately well-drained soil occur. The upper tree canopy contains
predominately sweetgum, yellow-poplar, red maple, and loblolly pine. The
largest trees vary between 12 and 16 inches and are of good quality.
Associated species in this layer include water elm, white oak, and
blackgum. A lower tree canopy contains suppressed hornbeam, flowering
arrowood, and American hazel. Along the forest edge, where more light
occurs, sparse ground layer contains yellow jessamine, goldenrod, shield
fern, poison-ivy, ebony spleenwort, muscadine, and particularly Japanese
honeysuckle.
8
Forest conditions exist throughout the northeastern side of the river
with the following exception: immediately adjacent to the river a narrow
band, generally less than 50 feet wide of frequently-flooded forest
occurs. Important plants in this band are swamp blackgum, water tupelo,
and smooth alder. Little or no understory occurs, owing to frequent
flooding. East of highway NC 45, hogs have been allowed to forage through
the woods, a practice severely reducing the abundance of the understory.
The vegetation on the inside of the horseshoe bend (southeast of the
bridge) contrasts strongly with that on the outside. Here, the river's
meandering has developed a relatively large area with low relief that
floods frequently for long periods. During the field investigation in
late summer--typically a time of low water--water stood in many places.
The vegetation reflects the long hydrocycle; the overstory contains a
thick growth of predominately swamp blackgum, associated with water
tupelo, baldcypress, and red maple. Occasional individuals of green ash
and laurel oak occur. Several large snags of swamp blackgum occur with
broken tops, probable veterans from the previous logging operation.
Otherwise, the trees range from 6 to 10 inches dbh, and although
smaller-sized, they are much better quality. The shrub layer consists of
southern arrowwood, Virginia willow, pepperbush, titi and bayberry.
Climbing hydrangia occurs, climbing the trunks of larger trees. Frequent
flooding eliminates most herbaceous plants, although the following species
occur, growing on fallen logs and at tree bases: royal fern, sedges, giant
cane, knotweed, and moss.
These conditions prevail on both the east and west sides of highway
NC 45, except that hogs are allowed to forage the woods on the east side,
a practice which lowers the density of all plant layers, when compared
with the west side. In addition, a very narrow band (about 10 feet wide)
of aquatic vegetation occurs immediately adjacent the river bank. This
band contains buttonbush, cattail, pickerelweed, water pepper,
spatterdock, and duckweed.
The wide, gradually-sloping floodplain on the inside of the bend
necessitated building a long causeway for the road when the bridge was
originally constructed. This causeway, being elevated and better-drained,
naturally revegetated with trees typical of moderately to well-drained
sites, especially yellow-poplar sycamore, sassafras, black cherry,
flowering dogwood, ash, sweetgum, sourwood, water oak, red maple, American
holly, American elm, boxelder, and willow. These trees, often with
multiple stems, occur at low density owing to periodic vegetation control
by the Department of Transportation. A powerline runs along the base of
the causeway on the west side of NC 45 and the vegetation below it is also
periodically controlled. Growing between the trees in a weedy tangle are
Japanese honeysuckle, winged, sumac, muscadine, southern arrowwood,
smoother alder, giant cane, trumpet creeper, wingstem, common morning
glory, foxtail grass, greenbriar, redtop, broomsedge, and paspalum.
During the. field investigation no threatened or endangered plants
were observed, but the moderately large stand of swamp blackgum provides
somewhat unique conditions, since such large stands are becoming
increasingly uncommon.
9
Terrestrial animal and avian wildlife species in this area likely
represent the typical hardwood bottomland group, although no evidence of
mammalian species was found during the site visit. We should expect to
find the prothonotary warbler and associated bird species that limit their
choice of breeding habitats to swamps, river bottoms, and other low-lying,
frequently flooded areas. All of the prothonotary warbler's life
requisites (running or standing water; sparse shrub layer in intermediate
to mature forest successional stages; and cavities in snags, stumps, and
decayed cypress knees) can be found here.
Hogs foraging in the woods on either side of the river along the east
side of NC 45 have degraded wildlife habitat. On the southeast quadrant
beyond a wire fence only American holly exists below about 3 feet. Severe
compaction due to trampling and disturbance from rooting are occurring
around the bases of the trees composing the canopy. The northeast
quadrant shows evidence of past hog foraging, although to some extent
sprouts have returned following grazing interruption. Human habitation of
the northwest quadrant -- with cleared area (about 300 feet by 200 feet)
now in lawn, garden, and buildings -- limits suitability for most wildlife
except for those in transit to other areas or for songbirds and small
mammals adopted to human environments. Thus, the southwest quadrant
provides terrestrial wildlife with the best habitat.
Impacts on natural communities are reflective of the relative
abundance of each system present in the project area. Table 1 summarizes
potential losses which could result from project construction.
Calculations are based on a right-of-way width of 130 feet.
Table 1. BIOTIC COMMUNITY IMPACTS ha (ac)
ESTIMATED IMPACTS
Recommended
COMMUNITY TYPE Alternate 1 Alternate 2 Alternate 3
Bottomland Hardwood 0.1 (0.3) 0.5 (1.3) 0.5 (1.3)
Coastal Plain Swamp 0.4 (1.1) 0.4 (1.2) 0.6 (1.4)
Total 0.5 (1.4) 0.9 (2.5) 1.1 (2.7)
Impacts resulting from the bridge replacement, particularly new
location or a temporary detour, will involve filling a portion of wetland
areas. Although the temporary fill will eventually be removed, soil
compaction and the modification of existing habitat can be considered
permanent impacts. Fill material will result in the addition of sediment
to the aquatic system being crossed.
10
The Alternate 1 proposal impacts the least amount of wetlands. The
Cypress/gum swamp is a relatively mature system and appears to be of high
quality. Alternate 2 is preferable over Alternate 3 from a wetland
standpoint. Fill material would eventually be removed, partially
restoring the site to preconstruction condition. The recommended
alternate, Alternate 3, is the least desirable from a wetland standpoint.
Permanent relocation of the alignment will impact the largest amount of
the wetlands.
Construction in wetland systems will primarily affect aquatic
organisms. Dredging, filling, pile-driving operations, slope
stabilization and land clearing are construction activities which can
result in the direct loss of benthic organisms due to an increase in silt
load. The removal of benthic organisms reduces the potential food supply Y
for fish and other vertebrates.
Siltation has many adverse impacts on fish and benthos: decreases the
depth of light penetration; inhibiting plant and algal growth, which is a
food source; clogs the filtration apparatus of filter-feeding benthos and
the gills of fish; buries benthic organisms cutting them off from a food
source; adversely effects preferred benthic substrate and spoils
downstream spawning beds for fish.
The Chowan River and its tributaries were surveyed for anadromous
fish by the Division of Marine Fisheries in 1979. Data collected,
indicate that blueback herring and alewife spawn in the Wiccacon River
from March to May. Blueback herring and alewife are considered
collectively as river herring. Most river herring spawning occurred in
flooded low-lying areas adjacent to the main section of the river. River
herring are the most abundant, anadromous fishes, and are widely
distributed along the mid-Atlantic coast in major and minor tributaries.
Blue-back herring, in particular, favor relatively deep, slow-flowing,
black waters that drain hardwood swamps.
Pete Kornegay, NC Wildlife Resources Commision Fisheries Biologist
reports that common non-game fish inhabitants are the bowfin, carp and
darters. Game fish include yellow bullhead, brown bullhead, white
catfish, channel catfish, gizzard shad, longnose gar, Pumpkinseed,
warmouth, bluegill, black crappie, largemouth bass, yellow perch, white
perch, and fliers. All of these fish utilize the Wiccacon River for
spawning and as a nursery area.
The Wiccacon River is a spawning and nursery area for the anadromous
blueback herring, and alewife. Eggs, larvae and juveniles are
particularly susceptible to the effects of sedimentation. It is w
imperative that stringent best management practices be utilized during the
construction of this project as well as enforcement of an in the water
construction moratorium during the months of February, March, April,.and
May, in order to allow postlarval development to occur (pers. comm. Sara
E. Winslow, Division of Marine Fisheries).
Wetlands fall under the broad category of "Waters of the United
States" as defined in 33 CFR 328.3. The US Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
takes jurisdiction over the discharge of dredged or fill material into
these wetlands as authorized by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
11
Jurisdictional wetlands in the study area are categorized as
Palustrine, forested, deciduous, semipermanently flooded (PF06F), as
defined by Cowardin et al. (1979). This wetland community was identified
in the project corridor on the basis of low soil chroma values,
hydrophytic vegetation and the presence of hydrology or hydrological
indicators. Table 2 summarizes wetland impacts based on a right-of-way
width of 130 feet, plus construction limits where applicable.
Table 2. WETLAND COMMUNITY IMPACTS BY ALTERNATE ha (ac)
ESTIMATED IMPACTS
PLANT COMMUNITY
semipermanently flooded
Recommended
Alternate 1 Alternate 2 Alternate 3
0.4 (1.1) 0.4 (1.2) 0.6 (1.4)
The project is located within Hertford County and is covered by the
Coastal Area Management Act. The Coastal Area Management Act requires a
permit if the project is in or affects an Area of Environmental Concern
(AEC) as designated by the Coastal Resources Commission. Since this
project falls within Public Trust waters, an AEC, a CAMA Major Development
Permit is likely to be required. The Wiccacon River is classified as an
AEC in the category of Public Trust Waters because it is a navigable
water. Per an agreement between the Division of Coastal Management (DCM)
and the Army Corps of Engineers (CORPS), DCM is the lead agency in
granting permits in "areas of environmental concern".
The Wiccacon River is a navigable water likely to require a US Coast
Guard permit. A US Coast Guard permit will be required when a bridge
crosses waters which are (1) tidal and used by recreational boating,
fishing, and other small vessels 21 feet or greater in length or (2) used
or susceptible to use in their natural condition or by reasonable
improvement as a means to transport interstate or foreign commerce.
The project is classified as a Categorical Exclusion and is likely to
come under Provisions of Nationwide Permit 23 CFR 330.5 (A) 23. This
permit authorizes any activities, work and discharges undertaken,
assisted, authorized, regulated, funded or financed, in whole or in part,
by another federal agency and that the activity is "categorically
excluded" from environmental documentation because it is included within a
category of actions which neither individually or cumulatively have a
significant effect on the environment.
If a temporary detour were to be utilized to maintain traffic during
construction, Provisions of Nationwide Permit 23 CFR 330.5 (A) 23 would
also apply. This permit authorizes temporary structures and discharges,
including cofferdams, necessary for construction activities or access
fills or dewatering of construction sites; provided, the associated
permanent activity was previously authorized by the Corps of Engineers or
the U.S Coast Guard, or for bridge construction activities not subject to
12
federal regulation. Appropriate measures must be taken to maintain near
normal downstream flows and to minimize flooding. Temporary fill must be
entirely removed to upland areas following completion of the construction
activity and the affected areas restored to the pre-project conditions.
However, final permit decisions are left to the discretionary authority of
the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps).
For any topsoil or material removed from the wetlands prior to
.constructing the new embankments, NCDOT will consider stockpiling the
material, using the material to backfill, and the creation of a seedbed
suitable for wetland creation, after the existing approaches are removed.
A 401 Water Quality Certification administered through the N.C.
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources will be required.
This certificate is issued for any activity which may result in a
discharge into waters for which a federal permit is required.
Federal law requires that any action, which has the potential to have
a detrimental impact to the survival and well being of any species
classified as federally protected, is subject to review by the U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (FWS) and/or the National Marine Fisheries Service
(NMFS), under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended.
In North Carolina, protection of plant and animal species falls under
N.C. General Statutes (G.S.) 106-202.12 to 106-202.19 of 1979. These
species may or may not be federally protected.
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E),
Threatened (T), Proposed Endangered (PE) and Proposed Threatened (PT) are
protected under provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered
Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Effective December 20, 1993, the FWS lists the federally Endangered
red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) for Hertford County.
RCW's use open old growth stands of southern pines, particularly
longleaf pine, for foraging and nesting habitat. These woodpeckers nest
exclusively in living pine trees and usually in trees that are infected
with the fungus that causes red-heart disease. A forested stand must
contain at least 509.- pine, and be contiguous with other stands to be
appropriate habitat for the RCW. These birds nest exclusively in trees
that are > 60 years old and are contiguous with pine stands at least 30
years of age. The foraging range of the RCW is from 100 to 200 acres,
this acreage must be contiguous with suitable nesting sites.
No pine dominated stands are present in the project area.
Construction of this project will not effect the RCW.
A review of the NC Natural Heritage Program files, indicate no
occurrences of state protected species in the project area.
13
Air Quality and Traffic Noise Analysis
The project is located within the Northern Coastal Plain Air Quality
Control Region. The ambient air quality for Hertford County has been
determined to be in compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards.
It is noted the impact on air quality will be insignificant. If
vegetation is disposed of by burning, all burning shall be done in
accordance with applicable local laws-and regulations of the North
Carolina SIP for air quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520. This
evaluation completes the assessment requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act
amendments and NEPA, and no additional reports are required.
The project will not substantially increase traffic volumes.
Therefore, its impact on noise levels will be insignificant. Noise levels
could increase during construction but will be temporary. This evaluation
completes the assessment requirements of FHPM 7-7-3 (highway traffic noise
and no additional reports are required).
MJ/wp
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
BRANCH
NC 45
BRIDGE NO. 23
OVER WICCACON RIVER
HERTFORD COUNTY
B-1231
0 mile 2 FIG.1
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a NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
1113RANCH
HERTFORD COUNTY
BRIDGE NO. 23 ON N. C. 45
OVER WICCACON RIVER
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT
?• OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PLANNING AND RESEARCH BRANCH
HERTFORD COUNTY
BRIDGE No.23' ON N.C. 45
OVER WICCACON RIVER
B- 1231
100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
12/85 FIGURE 4
Aliff
North Carolina Department of Cultural
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary
October 15, 1993
Nicholas L. Graf
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
Department of Transportation
310 New Bern Avenue
Raleigh, N.C. 27601-1442
Re: Replace Bridge #23 on NC 45 over Wiccacon
River, Hertford County, B-1231, BRS-50.53(2),
State No. 8.1070401, ER 94-7386
Dear Mr. Graf:
Thank you for your letter of August 31, 1993, transmitting the archaeological
survey report by Kenneth W. Robinson concerning the above project.
We concur with Mr. Robinson's conclusions and recommendations regarding
archaeological site 31 HF99. As long as the site can be avoided by all construction
activities, no further archaeological investigations are warranted at this time. If
the site cannot be avoided by all construction activities, an impact mitigation plan
should be developed and implemented for the site in coordination with this office.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966 and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's
Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee. Gledhill-Earley,
environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
Sincerely,
Davi Brook
Deputy State Historic
DB:slw/F. cc: H. Vick
K. Robinson
Preservation Officer
A-1
109 East Jones Sweet - Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807
z Oct 19
?? ?iipy p'V OF ? .
C L???'Cn?q 0Q'P?
Division of Archives and History
William S. Price, Jr., Director
1O07N - Aa03
U.S. Department of Agriculture
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
dace at Lana Evaluation Aocudst
PART I fro be carrtareted by Federal Agency) I Federal Age Involved ;q RW A
Name o t Project V'S ! `.•b\
J I Cauncv And sate a I • N • L
Proodseo land Use ?A?,?1t.?•??
O Bate Request Reesned ev scs
PART I I (To be carne/e"d by SCSI Acres Irrigatad ANrage Firm Slue
r
Qom'
Does the site contain prime, unique, statewide or local important farmland? Y_es Q
` (If no, the FPPA does nor apply - do nor complere addidarral parts of this farm). Amount Of Farmtana As Defined in FPPA
Major Croats) Farmwie Lana In Govt. Jurisdtetian Acres: -7?7? y
GO Ades: Date Lana Eve/vsoon Returned By SCS
Ai...,. nt t-0eai Site Assenment $vstam - „-*- /
GUf •r`.1
PART 111 (To be completed by Federal agent/)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted indirectly
r• Tnrai Acres In Site
PART IV fTo be completed by SCSI Land Evaluation Information
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland
a T.,ral Acres statewide And Local Important Farmland
C. Percentage Of Farmland In County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be G0nV4fWG
n- Pereentaoe Of Farmiand In Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Nigher Relative Value
PART V (To be camp/ered by -'?wf Latta ?Va?ua....••
Relative Value Of Farmland To Be Converted (Sra/e Of0ro 100Poirm)
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) ` Maximum
Points
Site Assessment Criteria (These critstris are err Wned in 7 CFR 658.51bJ
1. Area In Nonurban Use
Perimeter In Nonurban Use
3_ Percent Of Site Being Farmed
By .State And Local GOvemment
7
rom Urban Buiitup Area
'n Urban SUCCOR $arViC=
7. Size Of Present Farm Unit Compared To
a r'_rwffinn
M
On
TOTAL SITE ASSESSMENT POINTS
•r PART VII (To be completed by Federal Agency!
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Parr V)
Ora
Tr%rnt oneNTS f'reral of above 2lines)
Date Of Selection
160
O
100
160 y
260
I Was A LO"t Site Assmmtm Used?
t Yes ? No Q
Ste Selected:
Reeson For Selection:
A-2
I
3,?