19950278 Ver 1_Complete File_19960731

•
• Soil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.
244 West Millbrook Road ¦ Raleigh, North Carolina 27609 ¦ [phone] ¦ Fax [phone]
MEMO
RECEIVED
JUL "5 1 1996
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Date: November 22, 1995
To: Jean Manuel, USACOE
John Dorney, NCDEH&NR - DEM
Brian Lussier, Robbins and Associates, Inc.
FILE, S&EC
From: Chris Huysman, Soil and Environmental Consultants, Inc.
Subject: Mitigation Issues at Sweetwater development.
COE Action ID # 199404978
NCDEM Project # 95278
The Corps of Engineers has determined that no wetland impact permit is
required for clearing areas adjacent to the marsh along White Oak Creek (These
areas are identified as impacts G-10, G-11, G-15, and G-17 on the impact map
submitted with the application on March 30, 1995.). No impact permits will be
required if 1) no excavation of soils occurs, 2) trees are felled by chainsaws and
removed by cable, 3) no stumps are removed from the wetland areas, and 4)
forestry best management practices are followed.
This agreement, by all parties, releases mitigation success criteria within the
areas specifically identified above. However, these areas will be planted with
hydrophytic vegetation to improve aesthetics and stabilize soils.
Plantings along stream channels, as required by DEM, will be held to success
criteria by USACOE. Storm water ponds will be installed as per prior
agreements.
i
Soil/Site Evaluation ¦ Mapping and Physical Analysis ¦ Wetlands Mapping and Mitigation ¦ Environmental Audits
On-Site Waste Treatment Svstem?, _vaauation and Desig-
SWEETWATER MITIGATION PLAN
Table of Contents:
General information and Mitigation Plan Narrative ..................................................... 1-6
Planting Plans and Specifications ..................................................................... Appendix 1
Proposed Sources for Plant Material .................................................................Appendix 2
Site Vicinity Ma Figure 1
Mitigation Site Maps .............................................................................................Figure 2
IN
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
Soil and Environmental Consultants, Inc. (S&EC) has developed this wetland mitigation
plan to satisfy a Corps of Engineers (COE) requirement for issuance of Nationwide
Permits for the Sweetwater Development project (NCDEM 95278 and USACOE Action
ID No. 199404978). Water quality protection and enhancement measures, required by
N.C. Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM), are included in this plan. The
900 acre project, with 4.94 acres of Nationwide 26 impacts, is located in Johnston
County, North Carolina. The site is located north and south of Winston Road (NCSR
1550), and lies entirely in the White Oak Creek drainage basin; as shown on the attached
,Site Vicinity Map (Garner NC, USGS, TOPO). Enhancement and restoration activities
will occur in two areas where golf course fairways cross wetlands; approximate locations
of the fairways are mapped on the site vicinity map. In-kind and out-of kind enhancement
will result from the establishment of native forbes and shrubs along stream channels.
Additional water quality protection will be afforded by the creation of two stormwater
retention ponds. The success and progress of the project will be quantified over a period
of three years; reports will be furnished to COE and NCDEM. Mitigation success will be
measured in terms of herbaceous coverage and woody plant survival. Plants will be
derived from local sources, and planted and maintained by a local team. Hydrology is
assumed; no creation or alteration of hydrology is necessary. Surface water input will
increase but should be controlled by stormwater retention ponds.
SITE:
The site, a 900 acre tract, is located in Johnston County, North Carolina. The property is
north and south of Winston Road (NCSR 1550), and entirely in the White Oak Creek
drainage basin; as shown on the attached Site Vicinity Map (Garner NC, USGS, TOPO).
(Figure 1.)
The property consists of fallow agricultural and grazing fields, wooded uplands and
drainages, and a large beaver marsh. All drainages are first order streams. Soils, in
wetland areas, were determined to be poorly drained Wehadkee Soils. The surrounding
geology is comprised of gneiss, schist, and granitic rocks
INTRODUCTION:
Enhancement activities will occur in two areas where golf course fairways cross wetlands;
approximate locations are mapped on the Site Vicinity Map. (Figure 1.) Mitigation sites
are shown in more detail on the Mitigation Site Maps (Figure 2.); these maps were
generated from the Corps approved delineation map. On-site in-kind and out-of kind
enhancement and restoration will result from shading and bank stabilization provided by
plantings along stream corridors at hole 7C and hole 5A. Mitigation will be primarily
enhancement of cleared areas with minor emphasis on restoring the tree canopy adjacent
to the fairway.
The intent of the enhancement is to establish a native wetland plant propagule base within
approximately 1.03 acres of recently de-forested bottomland wetlands.
No endangered species, archeological resources, or hazardous waste sites will be impacted
by this effort,.
TARGET GOALS AND FUNCTION:
The primary goal is to fortify banks within areas that are recently hand cleared and provide
I adequate shading of streams to provide improved habitat for native aquatic species. The
secondary goal is to create a self-sustaining plant propogule base within areas identified as
wetlands on the attached Mitigation Site Maps.
I
The overall goal is to create a native plant propagule base at sites that are currently
regenerating bottomland forests, and to encourage infill of local, wetland native plant
t species in response to the existing hydrology. Plant material will be added to the sites
(See Appendix 1, Planting Specifications and Plan). Propagules from those plants along
with existing site propagules will be relied on for regeneration of the wetland plant
community. Overall, appropriate hydrology is assumed since hydric soil characteristics and
indicators of wetland hydrology exist within the delineated wetland area.
The intent of this mitigation is to restore functional value within the target wetlands to
levels similar to, or greater than, the original values in both the target and their adjacent
reference wetlands. Additional functional value is sought through the diversity of wetland
types to be enhanced. Some of the functional values of the target wetland will be; 1) bank
stabilization, 2) wildlife and aquatic life habitat, and 3) educational value of enhancement
process.
SUCCESS CRITERIA:
Success will be realized when 75% herbaceous coverage is attained and woody plants
have survived for three years. The herbaceous cover must be comprised of at least three
of the target species (existing or introduced). The estimated schedule for achieving 75%
coverage is by the third growing season, however, the site will be monitored until success
is achieved. Coverage is defined as the percent of material alive based on the planted
spacing (i.e. 3' x 3'- forbes spp. and 6'x 6' -shrub spp.), or volunteers within that area. At
least 50% of the vegetation must be FACW or OBL.
If after the second growing season coverage is significantly lower than what is expected in
a normal progression to reach 75% by the end of the third season (<1/3 coverage), a plan
to rectify the situation will be prepared and submitted to the Corps within 30 days of
inspection.
Measurement of the success of the mitigation project will be relative to functional values.
Enhancement of the water storage, pollutant removal, wildlife habitat, and educational
aspects of the site may be assumed through successful revegetation with native wetland
plants. Additionally, the functional value as a dispersal corridor may be assumed once a
native plant community interfaces with adjacent native plant communities.
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM:
The on-site reference ecosystems are the wetlands adjacent to the cleared fiarways.
Within this system soils are Wehadkee, vegetation is dominated by wetland species, and
hydrology is from saturation and inundation. Target sites are designed to interface with
the reference ecosystem and / or the adjacent native upland plant community. Specific
details pertaining to the design and development of the target sites are described in the
MITIGATION SEQUENCE: and Appendix 1, Planting Specifications and Plan.
Understory and ground cover species which were observed in the reference wetland and
will likely regenerate as volunteers are:
Juncus effusus Typha latifolia Salix nigra
Rosa palustris Betula nigra Acer rubrum
Scirpus cyperinus Cephalanthus occidentalis Alnus serrulata
Peltandra virginica Boehmeria cylindrica Rhexia viriginica
Vaccinium corybosu m Sparganium androcladum Leersia oryzoides
Woodwardia spp. Saururus cernuus Viburnum nudum
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS:
Vegetation selected for this mitigation is included in the attached Planting Plans and
Specification. (Appendix 1.) Additionally, the sources of the plant material are listed in
Proposed Sources for Plant Material. (Appendix 2.)
Soils in the reference ecosystem and the mitigation areas have been identified as
Wehadkee series. Plant material was selected based on compatibility with the existing soil
conditions; no fertility testing is necessary.
Hydrology is assumed; the sites are currently wetlands and will continue to have
supporting hydrology. In fact, water levels are likely to increase after the site has been
cleared and developed. No hydrology modeling is necessary. Storm flow will be
controlled in part by the proposed stormwater retention ponds. Further more, storm flow
and sediment will be controlled by silt fencing.
I MITIGATION SEQUENCE:
Enhancement is intended to stabilize and shade channels, and interface with the adjacent
native plant communities. Elements for the mitigation of sites are listed below.
q
Clearing Limits -
Establish wetland site clearing limits. To be performed by owner's surveyor (or other
agent) and shall be clearly marked in the field.
Tagging -
Mitigation designer shall tag specimen trees/shrubs to remain within clearing limits as well
as any to be removed just outside clearing limits. This will allow trees/shrubs of
particularly high quality, which will not impede play, to remain and also will create a more
diverse (convoluted) interface with adjacent native communities.
Clearing -
Remove trees (cut to ground level) within clearing limits via low-impact logging practices.
In order to reduce site disturbance, it is suggested that all felled trees be cabled out from
the upland edge of the sites (no heavy equipment within wetland areas). Other low-impact
logging may be utilized as approved by mitigation designer and within best management
practices for logging in wetlands (e.g. mule team, etc.).
Base Map -
Prepare general base map of each site after clearing which shows relative elevations within
site, establishes reference elevations, and locates all areas to be planted.
Stabilization -
Plantings Immediately mulch and plant bare areas, and stream channels, which
resulted from tree removal. If season is appropriate (spring) plant marsh plants
(sedges, rushes, etc.), if not, use other appropriate temporary annual cover. Three
basic approaches are proposed relative to site planting:
1) Establishment of low-growing marsh-type plants within fairway zone.
To be accomplished through a combination of natural succession and
enhancement plantings.
2) Transitional plantings at upland-wetland edges (shrub/understory trees
at woodsline, low-growing facultative and upland species in fairways). To
be planted during first season appropriate to plant type.
3) Streambank stabilization/shade plantings along channels. To be planted
during first season appropriate to plant type.
Secondary Evaluation - After clearing, initial cover and transitional
plantings, wait until first growing season to allow plant succession to begin
response to site environmental changes. Evaluate site during mid to late growing
season and develop planting plan to compliment native succession as well as site
development program.
Secondary Planting - Install plant material during next appropriate season (i.e.
woody material in fall, forbs in spring) as per secondary planting plan.
MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT:
The owner will be responsible for the success of the project and the long-term
maintenance of the mitigation sites (after the third growing season). The installer will be
responsible for the monitoring and management of this site until success criteria are met.
Bi-annual reports, in letter form, will be furnished to the COE and DEM. Reports will
contain data pertaining to percent herbaceous coverage and plant survival, and a narrative
of management activities and general project condition. A final report will be prepared
upon the completion of the monitoring period. It is assumed that once the site is deemed
a success by the appropriate regulatory agency it will be protected by a conservation
easement; in addition, it will maintain all of the protection afforded to jurisdictional
wetlands.
Monitoring and evaluation of sites will include:
Final design and specifications (reflecting any alterations or refinement as a
result of any refinement/changes in design) will be submitted to the US Army
Corps of Engineers (USACOE) for review prior to construction.
Pre-construction/planting meeting with contractor.
Site inspection during installation.
Final inspection after all site work is complete, preparation of appropriate
completion of work statement, preparation of breif as-built report, sketch plan,
and documentary photos and submission of that report to the USACOE for
review within 30 days of completion.
Locate original mitigation site limits in the field with markers that can be seen
from upland portions of the site (used in determination of vegetation coverage).
Site inspection early in first growing season.
Site inspection at end of first growing season and preparation of letter of
evaluation, documentary photos, and suggested treatment of any failed areas
and submission to USACOE within 30 days of inspection.
Site inspection during late growing season of second and third years with
documentary photos and letter of evaluation at end of third growing season (to
USACOE within 30 days of inspection).
Management and maintenance of the aide will focus on establishment and protection of the
wetland and will consist of the follow"'
Removal of sprouting woody vegetation (by hand, taking rootstock if
fai%rri:?r systems. fairway/ be done early to mid growing
possible) within the
season and again in late Augr tit - September.
Installation of flow dissipater y/clrannel stabilization/detention measures as
necessary in response to ch<riqres in hydrology of watershed as development
occurs.
Re-planting of any bare or q),il-se spots during season appropriate to plant species
as necessary to achieve succCss.
Maintaining ground cover arr(l sediment control devices on all up-slope uplands to
prevent sedimentation within target areas (as shown on schematic drawings).
Removal and control of any I)otentially degrading factors such as destructive
wildlife, humans, domestic rtnirnals, and debris.
Appendix I
Planting Plan and Specifications
Two areas will be planted for mitigation; one at Hole 7C and the other at Hole 5A, these
areas total 1.03 acres (see maps). All plants listed for use are rated as FACW or OBL
wetland species. Except in areas were soils are not hydric, in particular on the "dry"
streambanks.
Wetland Pockets:
The following is the species list within a planting matrix for areas identified as wetland
pockets within the fairways:
Water Depth Range V-6"
Shaded Areas Acorus Calamus
Cephalanthus Occidentalis
Itea virginica
Juncus effusus
Leersia oryzoides
Saururuscernuus
Open Areas Juncus effusus
Peltandra virginica
Pontederia cordata
Typha latifolia
All marsh/emergent plants will be planted on a 3'x3' spacing. Shrubs species will be
planted on a 6'x6' spacing. Refer to accompanying sample planting plan for typical
arrangement.
Areas immediately adjacent to the fairway will be planted with greater diversity and
aesthetics in mind. The more shaded portion will be planted with a combination of
Saururus cernuus, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Itea virginica, and Lobelia cardinalis.
The areas receiving more sun will be planted with Typha latifolia, Iris (versicolor and/or
pseudacorus), and Pontederia cordata.
Streambank Plantings:
The streambanks, as shown on maps, will be fortified with species that have been
identified by the Natural Resource Cosrservation Service (NRCS) as appropriate for bank
stabilization. Plantings within the banks and meanders are are shown on the attached
schematic drawings. Upland soils lacking the appropriate hydrology occur immediately
adjacent to the channel; these soils typically do not extend more than 3' from the channel.
Plantings within these uplands will be appropriate for the existing hydrology and soils.
Bank Plantings
Meanders and Salix X cotteti
within Banks Alnus spp.
Low Evergreens Hypernicum frondosum
Ilex crenata (dwarf var.)
1. glabra
1. vomitoria "nana"
Raphiolepsis indica
Low Deciduous Cornus amomum
Itea virginica
Plant Material SpeClf cations (Adapted from Garbisch, 1995)
Balled and Bagged (Woody Plants)
The size of the earthen ball shall be at least as large as specified in the American Standard
for Nursery Stock (1980). Where plants are to be planted in soils that will be saturated
most of the growing season, the bagged root ball shall have a surface diameter that is at
least 1/2 the diameter of the un-pruned drip-line and a depth that is at least 8" per 5' of
tree/shrub height.
If not planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, plants shall be stored in shade and
root balls kept moist through periodic watering until the time of planting.
If growing, the plants shall appear healthy with no leaf sports, leaf damage, leaf
discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on the leaves.
Container (Woody and Herbaceous Plants)
The soil within the root ball shall be at field capacity (1/3 atmosphere) or wetter upon
delivery to the job site. Any wilted, dry and/or light weight plants shall be rejected. If not
planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, plants shall be stored in shade and root
balls kept moist through periodic watering until the time of planting.
The container size shall be at least as large as specified. Plants shall not necessarily be
rejected when supplied in containers larger than specified. However, the soil/root masses
shall be the size of the specified container size. If the soil/root masses are substantially
smaller than the specified container size and loose soil exists on the sides and bottom of
the containers, indicating that plants have not been in specified containers long enough to
root into surrounding soil, the plants shall be rejected.
If growing, the plants shall appear healthy with no leaf spots, leaf damage, leaf
discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on the leaves.
For trees and shrubs, where spiraling woody roots exist on the outside of the soil/root
mass upon the removal of the plants from the containers, the landscape contractor shall
separate (cutting where necessary) and spread them out (frazzle) prior to planting.
Fiber or Peat Pot (Herbaceous Plants)
If not planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, plants shall be stored in shade and
root masses kept moist through periodic watering until the time of planting.
The plants shall be well-rooted through the sides and bottoms of the pots and firmly
contained therein.
If the plants may be easily removed from the pots by holding the upper portion of the plant
and gently pulling on the pots, the plants shall be rejected.
If growing, the plants shall appear healthy with no leaf spots, leaf damage, leaf
discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on the leaves.
The pot size shall be at least as large as specified. Plants shall not necessarily be rejected
when supplied in pots larger than specified.
The number of plants or stems (culms) per port as specified shall be present at the
minimum, and on the average, or the plants shall be rejected.
Dormant Propagule (Herbaceous Plants)
If not planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, the dormant propagules shall be
stored out of direct exposure to the sun and wind and they shall be protected by covering
with straw, peat moss, compost, or other suitable materials and shall be kept moist,
through periodic watering, until the time of planting.
The bodies and shoots associated with the propagules shall have turgor or be rigid to the
touch. If the bodies and/or shoots associated with the propagules are soft or mushy, or
appear rotten or decomposed, the plant materials shall be rejected. Rhizome (stolon)
sections shall provide a minimum of two shoots per section. Or: Rhizome (stolon)
sections containing at least a terminal shoot shall be a minimum of four inches (4") in
length (in order to ensure sufficient stored energy to support the new growth). Rhizome
sections containing shoots that are soft or mushy or otherwise appear rotten shall not be
accepted.
Plug (Herbaceous Plants, Woody Seedlings, or Rooted Cuttings)
If not planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, the plugs whether in or out of
their growing units shall be stored out of direct exposure to the sun and wind and
maintained moist through periodic watering until the time of planting. If the plugs are not
contained in their growing units upon delivery and will not be planted immediately, they
should be treated as above and their root masses shall be protected by straw or other
suitable materials and maintained moist, through periodic watering, until the time planting.
Plugs shall have solid soiVroot masses with the soil in place. Roots shall appear clean and
white in coloration.
If growing, the plants shall appear healthy with no leaf spots, leaf damage, leaf
discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on the leaves.
If dormant (herbaceous), new healthy shoots shall be apparent. Plugs containing shoots
that are soft or mushy or otherwise appear rotten shall not be accepted.
If dormant (woody), stems shall be pliable and exhibit light green to yellowish green
cambium. Plugs containing brittle stems and having unhealthy cambium shall not be
accepted.
Plugs (woody seedlings) shall have widths that are at least to the limb lines of the
seedlings and have depths that are at least one-fourth the heights of the seedlings.
Seed
Shall be delivered in clean, unopened containers and labeled as to seed origin, purity,
germination percentage, and date of germination testing.
I Fertilization
Herbaceous plantings
Spring plantings - Use Osmocote 18-6-12, eight to nine month release fertilizer, to be
placed in hole at time of planting. For Dormant propagules, container/fiber pot, or plug
seedlings use about 15 grams (0.5 oz.) per planting.
1
14
Woody plantings
-Use Osmocote 18-5-11, twelve to fourteen
Use 30 grams (I oz.) per lfertilizer,
Fall1winter plantings lantm
to be placed in hole or in soil fill/amend allon conta ner (30 grams per each additional
quart container, 90 grams (3 oz.) per 1 g
Use 15 grams (1 oz.) per unrooted cutting for willow whips-
gallon). Soil Amendments shrub plantings, . The y around with the exception of
topsoil may be
Soil amendments are required o e stockpiled tree
ost to one
significantly graded areas (whe ost at rates of one part comp
amendment used should be leaf or pine bark comp
hole). Fertilizer should be mixed in with na a ment mix. No
part soil (from planting are planted at or near orig grade, mulch is required where plants

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Appendix II
Proposed Potential Sources for Plant Material
(additional sources may be proposed prior to installation, for approval by USACOE).
Herbaceous material:
Campbell's Greenhouse Carlton Campbell/Larry Hobbs
2816 Campbell Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27606 919-851-1162
(also has team of experienced installers)
Shrub Material:
Campbell's Greenhouse
2816 Campbell Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27606
Carlton CampbelVLarry Hobbs
919-851-1162
Fern Valley Farms
1624 Fern Valley Road
Yadkinville, N.C. 27055
Specimen ornamental species:
Campbell's Greenhouse
2816 Campbell Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27606
Niche Gardens
1111 Dawson Road
Chapel Hill, N.C. 27516
Tom Clark
910-463-2412
Carlton Campbell/Larry Hobbs
919-851-1162
Kim Hawkes
919-967-0078

16
I I

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MN
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5' 1'30'
89 MILS 27 MILS
UTM GRID AND 1973 MAGNETIC NORTH
DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET
Figure I
Site Vicinity Map
SCALE 1:24 000
1 O
Z 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET
2000 3000
1000 0 1000 1 KILOMETRE
5 0
1
CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
FIGURE 2. TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF
SUBJECT PROPERTY
1 MILE

/ OO
GARNER, N• C.
NE/4 GARNER 15' QUADRANT,
35078-F5-TF-024
1964
PHOTOREVISF-D 19>

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Hole 5A
ATTI..
EXISTING TREE LIN '
--w%A CLEARING TREE LIN
?- CONSTRUCTION VEHICL _ CROSSING
WETLAND/HAND CLEARI G
Wt.--TI-AND BOUNDARY

GRAPHIC SCALE
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410
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w
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RAPH'IC SCALE - "-' WETLAND BOUNDARY
too O SO 1 200 \
( IN FEET )
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(BOO!,
REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
June 12, 1996
Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199404978

5W
RECFIV
?M,,?? 199
Rp?y??Tq(SC/F 6
4 ??S
Mr. Charles Winston
Solaris Development Corporation
1 Copley Parkway, Suite 310
Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
Dear Mr. Winston:

Reference is made to our letter of May 5, 1995, authorizing impacts to a total of 16.15 acres
of jurisdictional waters of the United States, including wetlands, for your proposed commercial
and residential development and golf course (Sweetwater), on your 900-acre tract of land located
on the north and south sides of S.R. 1550 (Winston Road), approximately 1 mile east of S.R.
1525 (Cornwallis Road), approximately 4 miles west of Clayton, in Johnston County, North
Carolina. The site is located adjacent to and above the headwaters of several unnamed tributaries
to White Oak Creek, and adjacent to and below the headwaters of White Oak Creek.
The referenced letter of authorization required that a final mitigation plan, elaborating upon
concepts presented in the conceptual mitigation plan dated March 30, 1995, would be submitted
and approved prior to any construction activities occurring within jurisdictional waters of the
United States. Accordingly, the mitigation plan dated November 22, 1995, was submitted by
your agent, Mr. Kevin Martin with Soil & Environmental Consultants, Incorporated. This plan
has been reviewed and your proposed work may proceed under the authorization of the various
Nationwide Permits provided that the final mitigation plan is implemented in its entirety.
Please be reminded that the required mitigation construction must be accomplished
concurrently with the authorized work to provide for planting of all mitigation sites within
the first available planting season (November through March) after site construction
begins.
Printed on 9 Recycled Paper

A
-2-
Questions or comments may be addressed to Mrs. Jean B. Manuele, Raleigh Field Office,
telephone [phone], Extension 24.
Sincerely,
S. Kenneth Jolly
Manager, Raleigh Regulatory
Field Office
Copies Furnished:
John Dorney
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
Mr. C.P. Thompson, Jr.
Director of Code Enforcement
Johnston County Inspections Department
Post Office Box 1052
Smithfield, North Carolina 27577
Mr. Kevin Martin
Soil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.
244 West Millbrook Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27609
•
Soil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.
244 West Millbrook Road ¦ Raleigh, North Carolina 27609 ¦ (919) 846-590O N Fax [phone]
MEMO
S ?
Date: November 22, 1995 29?q? \??,??a
To: Jean Manuel, USACOE
John Dorney, NCDEH&NR - DEM v
Brian Lussier, Robbins and Associates, Inc.
FILE, S&CC
From: Chris Huysman, Soil and Environmental Consultants, Inc.
Subject: Mitigation Issues at Sweetwater development.
COE Action ID # 199404978
NCDEM Project # 95278
The Corps of Engineers has determined that no wetland impact permit is
required for clearing areas adjacent to the marsh along White Oak Creek (These
areas are identified as impacts G-10, G-11, G-15, and G-17 on the impact map
submitted with the application on March 30, 1995.). No impact permits will be
required if 1) no excavation of soils occurs, 2) trees are felled by chainsaws and
removed by cable, 3) no stumps are removed from the wetland areas, and 4)
forestry best management practices are followed.
This agreement, by all parties, releases mitigation success criteria within the
areas specifically identified above. However, these areas will be planted with
hydrophytic vegetation to improve aesthetics and stabilize soils.
Plantings along stream channels, as required by DEM, will be held to success
criteria by USACOE. Storm water ponds will be installed as per prior
agreements.
Soil/Site Evaluation ¦ Mapping and Physical Analysis ¦ Wetlands Mapping and Mitigation ¦ Environmental Audits
On-Site Waste Treatment Systems, -valuation and Design
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: r' r
Soil and Environmental Consultants, Inc. (S&EC) has developed this wetland mitigation loot
plan to satisfy a Corps of Engineers (COE) requirement for issuance of Nationwide
Permits for the Sweetwater Development project (NCDEM 95278 and USACOE Action
ID No. 199404978). Additional measures for water quality protection and enhancement,
required by N. C. Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM), are included in this
plan. The 900 acre project, with 4.94 acres of Nationwide 26 impacts, is located in
Johnston County, North Carolina. The site is located north and south of Winston Road
(NCSR 1550), and lies entirely in the White Oak Creek drainage basin; as shown on the attached site vicinity map (Garner NC, USGS, TOPO). Mitigation and enhancement
activities will occur in six areas where golf course fairways cross or impact wetlands;
approximate locations of the fairways are mapped on the site vicinity map. Out-of kind
enhancement will result from the establishment of freshwater marshes in areas currently
classified as headwater forests, and bottomland forests. Additional water quality
protection will be afforded by the creation of two stormwater retention ponds, and sedge too
and shrub plantings along stream corridors. The success and progress of the project will
be quantified over a period of three years, reports will be furnished to COE and NCDEM.
Mitigation success will be measured in terms of herbaceous coverage and woody plant
survival; inferences to water quality enhancement will be made utilizing the most current
NCDEM Wetland Rating System. Target sites will be prepared utilizing low impact
clearing techniques; minimal grading will be used to remove upland sediments deposited
on relic wetlands. Plant species lists are from an inspection of the on-site reference'
ecosystem. Plants will be derived from local sources, and planted and maintained by a
local team of experts. Soil fertility, for the reference and target sites, will be tested upon
the acceptance of this plan. Hydrology is primarily subsurface with surface influences
from overland flow and flooding, no grading to the water table is proposed. Some
subsurface detention is proposed to increase the water budget,. thus creating a hydrology
similar to marsh conditions: this would be accompl sfied'by ditching and installing a
geotextile fabric curtain. Surface water input will increase as the site develops, flow
dissipaters will be installed if flooding and erosion cannot be controlled by the enhanced
wetlands.
SITE:
The site, a 900 acre tract, is located in Johnston County, North Carolina. The property is
north and south of Winston Road (NCSR 1550), and entirely in the White Oak Creek
drainage basin; as shown on the attached site vicinity map (Garner NC, USGS, TOPO).
Target sites and the reference ecosystem sites are located on the attached vicinity map.
(Figure 1.)
The property consists of fallow agricultural and grazing fields, wooded uplands and
drainages, and a large beaver marsh (reference ecosystem). All drainages are first order
streams. Soils, in wetland areas, were determined to be poorly drained Wehadkee Soils.
The surrounding geology is comprised of gneiss, schist, and granitic rocks
1 a .
SWEETWATER MITIGATION PLAN
SITE AND MITIGATION
VICINITY :MAP
LEGEND
A. Hole 7C, enhancement planting.*
B. Hole 2B, enhancement of cleared wetland*
C. Hole 7A, enhancement of cleared wetland.*
D. Hole 5A, enhancement planting*
E. Stormwater detention pond.
F. Reference ecosystem.
* See target site location map for more detail.
NOTE:
Approximate site bounds and mitigation sites are mapped.
*
MM
ON
89 MILS 1.30'
27MILS
' SCALE 1,24000
1
2 0 1 MILE
1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETRE
CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF
GARNER, N. C.
NE14 GARNER 15' QUADRANGLE
35078-F5-TF-024
INTRODUCTION:
Mitigation and enhancement activities will occur in six areas where golf course fairways
cross or impact wetlands; approximate locations are mapped on the Target Site Location f
Map. (Figure 2.) Out-of kind enhancement will result from the establishment of P%A
freshwater marshes in areas currently classified as headwater forests (Hole 7A), and Ne'?
bottomland forests (Hole 2B). Additional out-of kind enhancement will result from
shading and bank stabilization provided by plantings along stream corridors (Hole 7C and
5A).
The intent of the mitigation and enhancement is to convert approximately 1.01 acres of
forested wetlands to wetland marsh, and plant approximately 1.03 acres of de-forested
wetlands with native forbs.
No endangered species, archeological resources, or hazardous waste sites will be impacted
by this effort.
TARGET GOALS AND FUNCTION:
The primary goals are to establish freshwater marshes within areas that are currently
forested, and maintain or improve wetland functional values at target sites.
The goal of the mitigation is to create a native marsh plant propagule base at sites that are
currently forested, and to encourage infill of local, wetland native plant species in response
to the existing hydrology. Plant material will be added to the sites (See Appendix 1,
Planting Specifications and Plan). Propagules from those plants along with existing site
propagules will be relied on for regeneration of the wetland marsh plant community.
Alterations to the existing hydrology are planned for some sites; subsurface detention will
be used to enhance the water budget. Overall, appropriate hydrology is assumed since
hydric soil characteristics and indicators of wetland hydrology exist within the delineated
wetland area.
The intent of this mitigation is to restore functional value within the target wetland to
levels similar to, or greater than, the original values in both the target and reference
wetlands. Additional functional value is sought through the diversity of wetland types to
be enhanced. Enhancement of the target sites will result in freshwater marsh wetland
types. Some of the functional values of the target wetland will be; 1) water storage, 2)
pollutant removal, 3) bank stabilization, 4) wildlife and aquatic life habitat, 5) educational
value of enhancement process. }h? L"e. me_s'c x -
9- kow w `\ Success will be realized when 75% herbaceous coverage is attained and woody plants
have survived for three years. The project will be monitored for three years. Relative
enhancement of wetland functional values will be assessed utilizing the most current
NCDEM Wetland Rating System.
H
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SWEETWATER MITIGATION PLAN
TARGET SITE
LOCATION MAP
1
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Measurement of the success of the mitigation project will be relative to functional values.
Enhancement of the water storage, pollutant removal, wildlife habitat, and educational
aspects of the site may be assumed through successful revegetation with native wetland
plants. Additionally, the functional value as a dispersal corridor may be assumed once a
native plant community interfaces with adjacent native plant communities.
Overall, success is tied to the establishment of viable wetland plant communities in the
areas designated and maintenance of wetland functional values.
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM:
The on-site reference ecosystem is the result beaver flooding. Within this system soils are
poorly drained, vegetation is dominated by wetland species, and hydrology is from
saturation and inundation. Target sites are designed to interface with the reference
ecosystem or adjacent native plant community. Specific details pertaining to the design
and development of each target site are described in the mitigation sequence.
Understory and ground cover species which were observed in the reference wetland areas
(marsh and alluvial forest) are:
Juncus effusus Typha latifolia Salix nigra
Rosa palustris Betula nigra Acer rubrum
Scirpus cyperinus Cephalanthus occidentalis Alnus serrulata
Peltandra virginica Boehmeria cylindrica Rhexia viriginica
Typha latifolia Sparganium androcladum Leersia oryzoides
MITIGATION SEQUENCE:
Three general programs will be followed for the target sites:
1) Enhancement intended to stabilize and shade channels, and interface with
surrounding native plant communities; required by DEM for water quality
protection. (Holes 5A and 7C)
2) Mitigation requiring minor grading to attain a suitable uniform hydrology and
interface with the reference ecosystem. (Hole 2B)
3) Mitigation incorporating subsurface detention and immediate planting, designed
to interface with reference ecosystem. (Hole 7A)

Elements for the mitigation of all sites are similar. For the purpose of this plan, each
element and the holes to which it applies is listed below.
Mitigation element - applicable target site
Clearing Limits - all sites
Establish wetland site clearing limits. To be performed by owner's surveyor (or other
agent) and shall be clearly marked in the field.
Tagging - all sites
Mitigation designer shall tag specimen trees/shrubs to remain within clearing limits as well
as any to be removed just outside clearing limits. This will allow trees/shrubs of
particularly high quality, which will not impede play, to remain and also will create a more
diverse (convoluted) interface with adjacent native communities.
Clearing - all sites FWM
Remove trees (cut pines to ground level, leave 4'-5' height on hardwood stumps) within
clearing limits via low-impact logging practices. In order to reduce site disturbance, it is
suggested that all felled trees be cabled out from the upland edge of the sites (no heavy
equipment within wetland areas). Other low-impact logging may be utilized as approved
by mitigation designer and within best management practices for logging in wetlands (e.g.
mule team, etc.).
Stump Removal - all sites
In order to reduce sprouting from stumps, pull all hardwood stumps (cable from upland
edge) and cut pine stumps to ground level.
Soils Testing - all sites
Soil fertility from both the target site and reference ecosystem will be tested upon the
completion of the target site preparation. Soils to be tested after disturbance caused by
clearing activities. At which time an assessment of plant species likely to flourish in the
target site will be selected. If soils at the target sites are not suitable for planting native
plants a fertilization regime will be developed and appended to this plan.
Base Map - all sites / Grading Plan - Hole 2B only
Prepare general base map of each site after clearing which shows relative elevations within
site, establishes reference elevations, and locates any areas to be graded and/or planted.
Due to the detailed nature of the minor grading to take place, the base map shall be
prepared after all clearing and stump removal so that an accurate grading plan may be
proposed.
Staking - Hole 2B only
Areas to be graded will be field-staked, showing extent of grading to be performed within
proposed graded areas.
Grading - Hole 2B only
Minor grading is to be performed only in areas where past alluvial deposits have resulted
in higher, non-wetland areas (generally 6" to 18" higher than surrounding wetlands) or
where logging and stump removal procedures have altered the original wetland grade,
requiring restoration to that original grade. These areas will be identified on the grading
plan and staked in the field. Further, the grading shall be carried out under the site
supervision of the mitigation designer.
Detention structures - Hole 7A only
in order to enhance hydrologic conditions which are conducive to marsh-type vegetation
the detention of lateral, subsurface movement of water is proposed in certain areas. This
will be accomplished through the installation of an impermeable, or slowly permeable,
"curtain" structure (geotextile or bentonite curtain) across the general lines of subsurface
flow (Figure 3). This curtain structure will be comprised of a narrow trench (about 6") to
depths of about 2' to 4' across most of the wetland site. The actual depth and horizontal
extent of the structure will be determined after development of the base map and FMW
observation of seasonal fluctuation of water tables within the wetland sites. These U
structures will not be visible from the land surface once properly installed. It is preferable
to install these structures in the driest portion of the year. Installation may be done with
small trenchers using best management practices for construction within wetlands.
Stabilization - all
Plantings Immediately mulch and plant bare areas, and stream channels, which
resulted from tree removal and minor grading. If season is appropriate (spring)
plant marsh plants (sedges, rushes, etc.), if not, use other appropriate temporary
annual cover. Three basic approaches are proposed relative to site planting:
1) Establishment of low-growing marsh-type plants within fairway zone.
To be accomplished through a combination of natural succession and
enhancement plantings.
2) Transitional plantings at upland-wetland edges (shrub/understory trees
at woodsline, low-growing facultative and upland species in fairways). To
be planted during first season appropriate to plant type (Figure 4).
3) Streambank stabilization/shade plantings along channels. To be planted
during first season appropriate to plant type (Figure 5).
Secondary Evaluation - After clearing, grading, and initial cover and transitional
plantings, wait until first growing season to allow plant succession to begin
response to site environmental changes. Evaluate site during mid to late growing
season and develop planting plan to compliment native succession as well as site
development program.
Wetland Topsoil
Direction of Flow
-Soil Material From Trench Excavation
Section
Trenches
Wetland Edge

Plan
?Geotextile Fabric
Depth Varies

Subsurface Detention Trench Concept - NTS
antings
Transitional Planting Concept - NTS
-wettana rtantmgs
Section
Existing Woodland Edge
Alder Plantings
'Depositional Bank
Section'.
Depositional Bank
Willow Plantings
Erosional Bank
Erosional Bank
Willow Plantings
`Alder Plantings
Mixed Willow/ Alder Plantings'
Plan
Streambank Stabilization Planting Concept - NTS
Secondary Planting - Install plant material during next appropriate season (i.e.
woody material in fall, forbs in spring) as per secondary planting plan (Figure 6).
Monitoring and Management - all sites
See section MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT:
MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT:
The owner will be responsible for the success of the project and the longterm maintenance
of the mitigation sites (after the third growing season). The installer will be responsible
for the monitoring and management of this site forlgee years. Bi-annual reports, in letter
form, will be furnished to the COE and DEM. Reports will contain data pertaining to
percent herbaceous coverage and plant survival, and a narrative of management activities
and general project condition. A final report will be prepared upon the completion of the
monitoring period. It is assumed that once the site is deemed a success by the appropriate
regulatory agency it will maintain all of the protection afforded to jurisdictional wetlands
in the future and may incur additional protection as a result of its status as a mitigation site
(i.e. any proposed impacts within site may require additional mitigation).
Monitoring and evaluation of sites will include:
1) pre-construction/planting meeting with contractor,
2) daily site inspection during installation,
3) final inspection after all site work is complete, preparation of appropriate
completion of work statement, preparation of as-built report and plans,
and documentary photos,
4) site inspection early in first growing season,
5) site inspection at end of first growing season and preparation of letter of
evaluation, documentary photos, and suggested treatment of any failed areas,
6) site inspection during late growing season of second and third years with
documentary photos and letter of evaluation at end of third growing season.
Management of sites will consist of the following:
1) Removal of sprouting woody vegetation (by hand, taking rootstock if
possible) within the fairway/marsh systems. To be done early to mid growing
season and again in late August - September.
2) Re-plant any bare or sparse areas in season appropriate to plant species.
3) Install flow dissipaters/channel stabilization/detention measures as necessary in
?i.
Q
0
response to changes in hydrology of watershed as development occurs.
Existing Wetland Vegetation
Immediately After Clearing
, Wetland Edge
Loss
Area To Be Planted
Successional Growth
After First Growing Season
Successional (Second Year) Planting Concept - NTS
Plant Material Specifications (Adapted from Garbisch, 1995)
Balled and Bagged (Woody Plants)
The size of the earthen ball shall be at least as large as specified in the American
Standard for Nursery Stock (1980). Where plants are to be planted in soils that will be
saturated most of the growing season, the bagged root ball shall have a surface
diameter that is at least 1/2 the diameter of the un-pruned drip-line and a depth that is
at least 8" per 5' of tree/shrub height.
If not planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, plants shall be stored in shade
and root balls kept moist through periodic watering until the time of planting.
If growing, the plants shall appear healthy with no leaf sports, leaf damage, leaf
discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on the leaves. low
Container (Woody and Herbaceous Plants) Um
Q
The soil within the root ball shall be at field capacity (1/3 atmosphere) or wetter upon
delivery to the job site. Any wilted, dry and/or light weight plants shall be rejected. If not 0
planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, plants shall be stored in shade and
root balls kept moist through periodic watering until the time of planting.
The container size shall be at least as large as specified. Plants shall not necessarily
be rejected when supplied in containers larger than specified. However, the soil/root
masses shall be the size of the specified container size. If the soil/root masses are
substantially smaller than the specified container size and loose soil exists on the sides
and bottom of the containers, indicating that plants have not been in specified
containers long enough to root into surrounding soil, the plants shall be rejected.
If growing, the plants shall appear healthy with no leaf spots, leaf damage, leaf
discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on the leaves.
For trees and shrubs, where spiraling woody roots exist on the outside of the soil/root
mass upon the removal of the plants from the containers, the landscape contractor
shall separate (cutting where necessary) and spread them out (frazzle) prior to planting.
Unrooted Cuttings (Whips)
For willows, the cuttings should be between ten inches to two feet in length and 0.5
inches + 0.1 inches in diameter.
Fiber or Peat Pot (Herbaceous Plants)
If not planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, plants shall be stored in shade
and root masses kept moist through periodic watering until the time of planting.
The plants shall be well-rooted through the sides and bottoms of the pots and firmly
contained therein.
If the plants may be easily removed from the pots by holding the upper portion of the
plant and gently pulling on the pots, the plants shall be rejected.
If growing, the plants shall appear healthy with no leaf spots, leaf damage, leaf
discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on the leaves.
The pot size shall be at least as large as specified. Plants shall not necessarily be
rejected when supplied in pots larger than specified.
The number of plants or stems (culms) per port as specified shall be present at the
minimum, and on the average, or the plants shall be rejected.
Dormant Propagule (Herbaceous Plants)
If not planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, the dormant propagules shall be
stored out of direct exposure to the sun and wind and they shall be protected by
covering with straw, peat moss, compost, or other suitable materials and shall be kept
moist, through periodic watering, until the time of planting.
The bodies and shoots associated with the propagules shall have turgor or be rigid to
the touch. If the bodies and/or shoots associated with the propagules are soft or
mushy, or appear rotten or decomposed, the plant materials shall be rejected.
Rhizome (stolon) sections shall provide a minimum of two shoots per section. Or:
Rhizome (stolon) sections containing at least a terminal shoot shall be a minimum of
four inches (4") in length (in order to ensure sufficient stored energy to support the new
growth). Rhizome sections containing shoots that are soft or mushy or otherwise
appear rotten shall not be accepted.
Plug (Herbaceous Plants, Woody Seedlings, or Rooted Cuttings)
If not planted immediately upon delivery to the job site, the plugs whether in or out of
their growing units shall be stored out of direct exposure to the sun and wind and
maintained moist through periodic watering until the time of planting. If the plugs are
not contained in their growing units upon delivery and will not be planted immediately,
they should be treated as above and their root masses shall be protected by straw or
other suitable materials and maintained moist, through periodic watering, until the time
planting.
1
UM
Plugs shall have solid soil/root masses with the soil in place. Roots shall appear clean
and white in coloration.
If growing, the plants shall appear healthy with no leaf spots, leaf damage, leaf
discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on the leaves.
If dormant (herbaceous), new healthy shoots shall be apparent. Plugs containing
shoots that are soft or mushy or otherwise appear rotten shall not be accepted.
If dormant (woody), stems shall be pliable and exhibit light green to yellowish green
cambium. Plugs containing brittle stems and having unhealthy cambium shall not be
accepted.
Plugs (woody seedlings) shall have widths that are at least to the limb lines of the
seedlings and have depths that are at least one-fourth the heights of the seedlings.
Seed
Shall be delivered in clean, unopened containers and labeled as to seed origin, purity,
germination percentage, and date of germination testing.
Fertilization tow
un
Herbaceous plantings
Spring plantings - Use Osmocote 18-6-12, eight to nine month release fertilizer, to be 0
placed in hole at time of planting. For Dormant propagules, container/fiber pot, or plug
seedlings use about 15 grams (0.5 oz.) per planting.
Woody plantings
Fall/Winter plantings - Use Osmocote 18-5-11, twelve to fourteen month release
fertilizer, to be placed in hole or in soil fill/amendment mix at planting. Use 30 grams (1
oz.) per 1 quart container, 90 grams (3 oz.) per 1 gallon container (30 grams per each
additional gallon). Use 15 grams (1 oz.) per unrooted cutting for willow whips.
Soil Amendments
Soil amendments are required only around tree and shrub plantings, with the
exception of significantly graded areas (where stockpiled wetland topsoil may be
used). The amendment used should be leaf or pine bark compost at rates of
one part compost to one part soil (from planting hole). Fertilizer should be mixed
in with soil/amendment mix. No surface mulch is required where plants are
planted at or near original grade.
Planting Specifications (to be provided with planting plan)
y ' 11/22/1995 16:43 9198469467 PAGE 01
0

Soil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.
244 West Millbrook Road a Raleigh, North Carolina 27609 a [phone] ¦ Fax [phone]
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EWIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
n '(-H
Soil/Site Evaluation ¦ Mapping and Physical Analysis ¦ Wetlands Mapping and Mitigation N Environmental Audi
On-Site Waste Treatment Systems, Evaluation and Design
,o* 11/22/1995 16:43 9198469467
PAGE 02
•
SOR & E wolf ienta. CO
xsulUnts, inc.
244 West M91brook Road ¦ Raleigh, North Cmlim 27609 0 [phone] ¦ Fax [phone]
Date: November 22, 1995
MEMO
S?
To. Jaen Manuel, USACOE
John Dorney, NCDEH&NR - OEM
Brian Luseier, Bobbins and Associates, Inc.
FILE, S&EC
yUx
N'
From: Chris Huysman, Soil and Environmental Consultants, Inc.
Subject: Mitigation Issues at Sweetwater development.
COE Action ID All 199404878
NCDEM Project # 85278
The Corps of Engineers has determined that no wetland impact permit is
required for clearing areas adjacent to the marsh along White Oak Creek (These
areas are identified as impacts G-10, G-11, G-15, and G-17 on the impact map
submitted with the application on March 30, 1995,). No impact permits will be
required if 1) no excavation of soils occurs, 2) trees are felled by chainsaws and
removed by cable, 3) no stumps are removed from the wetland areas, and 4)
forestry best management practices are followed.
This agreement, by all parties, releases mitigation success criteria within the
areas specifically identified above. However, these areas will be planted with
hydrophytic vegetation to improve aesthetics and stabilize soils.
Plantings along stream channels, as required by OEM, will be held to success
criteria by USACOE. Storm water ponds will be installed as per prior
agreements.
Soil/Site Evaluation 0 Mapping and Physical Analysis 0 Wetlands Mapping and Mitigation 0 Environmental Audits
On-Site Waste Treatment ;Systemb, -vbtuation and Design