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HomeMy WebLinkAboutNC0021326_AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT_19941221 M NPDES DOCUMEM1` SCAMMINC COVER :iMEET NPDES Permit: NC0021326 Dobson WWTP Document Type: Permit Issuance Wasteload Allocation 'Authorization to Construct (AtC) Permit Modification Engineering Alternatives Analysis 201 Facilities Plan Instream Assessment (6713) Correspondence re: Mercury Permit History Document Date: December 21, 1994 This document is printed on reuse paper- ignore any content on the reverse side J State of North Carolina epartment of Environment, ealth and Natural ResourcesA4 '6 Division of Environmental Management r James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary ID FE i N F4 A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director December21, 1994 J. Wayne Atkins, Town Manager To%k n of Dobson P.O. Box 351 Dobson, NC 27017 Subject: Permit No. NCO021326 Authorization to Construct Town of Dobson Wastewater Treatment Plan Surry County Dear N4i. Atkins: A letter of request for an Authorization to Construct was received March 3l, 1994 by the Division and final plans and specifications for the subject project have been reviewed and found to be satisfactory. Authorization is hereby granted for the 0.2 MGD, 55 foot diameter circular treatment unit consisting of 25 foot diameter clarifier with 13.5 foot sidewall water depth and a 407 gpd/ft2 surface loading rate; 152,000 gallon aeration zone with coarse bubble diffusers, 38,000 gallon anoxic zone with mixer; refurbishment of the existing 0.15 MGD, 55 foot diameter circular treatment unit consisting of a 28 foot diameter clarifier with t 1.0 foot sideviall water depth and 244 gpd/ft2 surface loading rate; 116,000 gallon aeration zone with coarse bubble diffuser, 29,000.gallon anoxic zone with mixer; two 100,000 gallon sludge holding tanks with mixers; lime storage and feed unit; blower platform with 3 rotary positive displacement blowers rated at 600 SCFM; sludge transfer and loading pumping station with two 400 gpm pumps at 12 ft rated head capable of handling 2-40/c solids, lime stabilized sludge and 3 inch drain line directed to influent wet well; waste sludge loading station with 3 inch drain line directed to influent wet well; 6 foot diameter decant manhole with 4 inch decant line to influent wet well; addition of new auger screen mechanism for preliminary treatment, three new centrifugal influent pumps of 230 gpm, 460 gpm, and 460 gpm at 25 ft rated head; flow splitter box for appropriate flow distribution to the 0.15 MGD unit and 0.2 MGD unit; scum pumping station with mixer and a single 80 gpm centrifugal pump at 25 ft. rated head from aeration/clarifier units to WAS line; sludge box with mixer for lime feed and distribution to sludge storage tanks; RAS/WAS pumping station with two 250 gpm at 17 ft. rated head centrifugal RAS pumps and one 80 gpm at 25 ft. rated head centrifugal WAS pump; refurbish existing RAS/WAS wet well including the addition of sludge line from aciation/clarifier unit; ultraviolet disinfection unit and all the associated valves, piping, and appurtenances with discharge of treated wastewater to Cody Creek in the Yadkin River Basin. The following items shall be resolved and a statement of resolution shall be submitted by the sign engineer upon certification of completion: The influent line to the existing sludge drying beds must be plugged as indicated on the plans. Any existing residuals on the drying beds shall be appropriately disposed of. The drying beds may not be used for the storage or disposal of residuals after completion of the treatment plant expansion. P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone 919-733-5083 FAX 9 19-733-99 i9 Permit No. NC00' 1326 Authorization to Construct wown of Dobson astewater Treatment Plain _ Page 2 _ No drain line shall be built in the RASAVAS pumping station. The existing by-pass of the disinfection unit shall be plugged as indicated on the plans. The existing by-pass between the preliminary treatment and influent wet well shall be plugged. In addition. the Town may submit a request, with appropriate minor modification fee of S 100.00. to modify the NPDES permit to reflect the Class 11 monitoring frequency at the expanded flow. Upon modification of the permit, a special condition will be added stating, "When the average monthly flow over a one year time frame reaches 0.28 MGD, the Town shall submit plans and specifications for appropriate flow equalization of 25% of total plant capacity or provide information that indicates that plant performance would not be adversely impacted by influent surges pursuant to 15A NCAC 2H .02190)(6)." This Authorization.to Construct is issued in accordance with Part III, Paragraph 13 of NPDES Permit No. NC00_21326issued May 31, 1991. and shall be subject to revocation unless the wastewater treatment facilities are constructed in accordance with the conditions and limitations specified in Permit No. NC0021326. The sludge generated from these treatment facilities must be disposed of in accordance with G.S. W3-215.1 and in a manner approved by the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management. In the event that the facilities fail to perform satisfactorily, including the creation of nuisance conditions, the Permittee shall take immediate corrective action, including those as may be required by this Division, such as the construction of additional or replacement wastewater treatment or disposal facilities. The Winston Salem Regional Office, telephone number (704) 771 - 4600, shall be notified at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of operation of the installed facilities so that an in-place inspection can be made. Such notification to the regional super isor shall be made during the normal office hours from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. on Monday through Friday, excluding State Holidays. Upon completion of construction and prior to operation of this permitted facility, a certification must be received from a professional engineer certifying that the permitted facility has been installed in accordance with the NPDES Permit, this .Authorization to Construct and the approved plans and specifications. Mail the Certification to the Permits and Engineering Unit, P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, NC 27626-0535. A copy of the approved plans and specifications shall be maintained on file by the Permittee for the life of the facility. Failure to abide by the requirements contained in this Authorization to Construct may subject the Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Environmental Management in accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6A to 143-215.6C. . The issuance of this Authorization to Construct does not preclude the Permittee from complying .vith any and all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction. Permit No. NC0021326 Authorization to Construct own of Dobson astewater Treatment Plant _ Page 3 _ One (1) set of approved plans and specifications is being, forwarded to you. If you have any questions or need additional information, please Contact Susan A. Wilson, telephone number 919/733- 5083. Sincerely. Preston Howard. Jr.. P.G. cc: Sorry County Health Department Winston Salem Regional Office, Water Quality Phil Brower, Ivlarziarib-& Minicr Training and Certification unit • cc: Permits and Engineering _Technical-Support-Branch. Surly County Health Department N Central Files 59�4 WSRO OCT 1 SOC PRIORITY PROJECT: YES X NO IF Yes, SOC No.9323 To: Permits and Engineering Unit Water Quality Section Attention: Susan Wilson AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT NPDES PERMIT REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS Date: 7 October 1994 County: Surry Permit No. NC: 0021326 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Facility Name and Current Address: Town of Dobson WWTP P. O. Box 351 Dobson, NC 27017 2. Date of most recent NPDES Staff Report: 20 January 1994 3. Changes since previous action on NPDES Permit: None known 4. Verify Discharge Point(s) on plans with current NPDES Permit. List for all discharge points. Latitude: 360 22' 50" Longitude: 800 43' 25" Attach a USGS map extract and indicate treatment facility site and discharge point on map. U.S.G.S. Quad No. B-16NW U.S.G.S. Name Dobson 5. Treatment plant classification: Class II (after upgrade) PART It - DESCRIPTION OF DISCHARGE AND TREATMENT WORKS 1. Existing treatment facility: a. What is the current permitted capacity of the facility? 0.160 MGD b. Date(s) and construction activities allowed by previous Authorizations to Construct issued in the previous two (2) years: N/A c: What is the actual treatment capacity of the current facility (design volume)? 0.160 MGD d. Please provide a description of existing or substantially constructed wastewater treatment facilities. The facility currently consists of a manual bar screen and comminutor, influent lift station, "single donut-style" extended aeration unit with integral clarifier, chlorination, and chlorine contact chamber. Sludge handling facilities consist of a small circular aerobic digestor and drying beds. 2. Please provide a description of proposed wastewater treatment facilities: The proposed upgrade to the facility will include fine screening, influent lift station, dual extended aeration units with integral clarifiers, and UV disinfection. Sludge handling facilities will consist of two stabilization/storage tanks, bulk lime storage and feed system, and a transfer and loading unit. 3. Residuals handling and utilization/disposal scheme: Lime stabilization followed by land application. (W00003796) 4. Important SOC, JOC or Compliance Schedule dates, if applicable: (Please indicate) Submission of Plans and Specifications 03-31-94 (rec'd 3-31-94) Begin Construction 03-31-95 Complete Construction 09-30-96 PART III - EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In the previous Authorization to Construct prepared by Lee G. Spencer on May 11, 1994, the Town of Dobson was required to address eleven (11) items concerning the proposed upgrade to the Dobson WWTP. After further Regional Office review, these items appear to have been properly addressed and changes made as necessary. It is assumed that the data relative to power outage information from Duke Power is forthcoming. WSRO recommends this Authorization to Construct be issued in accordance with Division guidelines. Environment I Engineer ate A/A Water Quality Supervisor Date NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT August 17, 1994 MEMORANDUM TO: Susan Wilson Environmental Engineer, Permits and Engineering THROUGH: Steve Mauney WQ Supervisor,. WSRO FROM: Lee G. Spencer 7p Environmental Engineer, WSRO SUBJECT: Dobson WWTP - Revised Classification NPDES Permit No. NC0021326 Surry County Well Susan, here I go again on this one. After conversation with the Town Manager, Engineer, Dwight Lancaster, and Steve Mauney, I have now decided to reclassify the Dobson WWTP to a Class II facility after upgrade. Attached is a revised classification for the Dobson WWTP after upgrade. The reason for this and changes are as follows: 1 - Per the Engineer, the Town will not have to supply stand-by, back-up power. They can show power reliability in the area in lieu of this requirement, since they discharge into class C waters . They are installing a telemetry system at the plant and on the main lift stations, per our request. This reduces the rating by three points . 2 - The drying beds will of course remain, but should not be used unless an emergency arises . Dwight Lancaster in Certification indicated .this was our call insofar as to count the points or not. We have decided not to since the Town is cooperating with us on other requests, and since a Class III rating will up their monitoring costs significantly. If you would, please modify the permit's "after upgrade" page to reflect the reduced monitoring frequencies . If you need any additional information, please advise. Thank you. cc: Central Files WSRO RATING SCALE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS Name of Facility: Do8sa.) Owner or Contact Person: 0411 J A- 147_2Gr�l t- y 7-0,4Al M#.1,*6 e-e Mailing Address: 3Sr l ease.✓ .vc y 74917 County: Telephone: �)3B('—B9GP Present Classification- C-4 Now Facility Existing Facility t = - NPDES Per. No. N000 21926 Nondisc. Per. No.WQ Health DeptPer No. Rated by: LE Telephone: t19/o)g96-7cV7 Dater Z �4 .Reviewed by: Health Dept Telephone: JILi Regional Office Telephone: gyA 7_7 �+ Central Office Telephone: ORC- &z2 T'Is Grade: 7 Telephone: (91c?SF6- 42. Check Classification(s): _ Subsurface Spray Irrigation Land Application Wastewater Classification: (Circle One) I III IV Total Points: SD PLANT PROCESSES AND RMATID CCNTFOI FOUIPMR41'Y iO4 ARE AN NTIMRAI PART OF NI)LISTRIAL PRODt C'TION SI-WI NOT BE C- WASTE TREATMeIT FOR THP PURPOSE OF UASSIFICA.TION ALSO SEPTIC TAW SYS�CONSiSTPa Cr`IY OF SEPTIC TANG AND QRAVITY W IFx'_AnM LIKES ARE DCEMPT FRG.!CLASSIFICATION SUBSURFACE CLASSIFICATION — —+--_—SPRAY IRRIGATION CLASSMATION (check all units that apply) (check all units that apply) 1 septic tanks 1 preliminay treatment (definition no. 12 ) 22 pump tanks 2- lagoon siphon or pump-dosing "am 3 septic tanks t sand fillets 4 pump tanks 5. grease trapinlerceptor 5 pumps S oiVwater separstom S sand Mom " 7 gravhy subsurface treatment and disposal: 7- grease ImpAnUrceptor B. preswre subsurface treatment and disposal: 8. oNwater separators 8 disinfection 10 chemical addition for nutrient/algas control 11 spray Irrigation d wastewater In addition .to the above cfesslficalions. pretreatment of wastewater In excess of these components shall be rated using the point rating system and will require on operator with an appropriate duel certification. LAND APPLICATION/RESIDUALS CLASSIFICATION(Applies only to permit hclde) 1. Land application of biosolids, residuals or contaminated soft on a designated she. WASTEWATERTREATMB4T FACILIT(CLASS IFICATICN The following systems&hail be assigned a Class I classification, unles%the flow Is of a significant quantity or the technology Is unusually complex,to require consideration by the Commission on a case-by-case basis: (Check 11 Appropriate) 1 OiVwaler Separator Systems consisting only of physical separation, pumps and disposal; 2 Septic Tank/Sand Filter Systems consisting only of septic tanks,dosing apparatus, pumps,sand filters,disinfection and direct discharge; 3. lagoon Systems consisting only of preliminary treatment, lagoons,pumps,disinfection,necessary chemical treatment for algae or nutrient control;and direct discharge; 4. Ciosed-loop Recycle Systems; 5 Groundwater Remediatlon Systems consisting only of oD/water separators,pumps,alr-stripping, carbon adsorption,disinfection and disposal; S. Aquaculture operations with discharge to surface waters 7 Waler Plant sludge handring and back-wash water treatment; S. Seafood processing consisting of screening and dlsposai. g- Single-family discharging systems,with the exception of Aerobic Treatment Units,wilt be dassTmed if permitted after July 1, 1993 or If upon Inspection by the Division,h Is found that the system Is not being adequately operated or maintained Such systems will be notified of the classification or reclassification by the Commission.In writing. REM POINTS (1) Industrial Pmrssmers links a Industrial Pmirsatmort Program(aoe dslbRbn No. (2) DESIGN FLOW OF PUNT W gpd(rot appncable to roncoruanWtsd cooing actors.sludge handing facilities far water purification plants,totally dosed cycle symome(ses derMan No.I)and facilities ccrisslbg Cray d Gam (4xd) or hers (e)(d) and (11)(dll 0 - 20,000 1 20.001 - 60.000 60.001 - 100,00a 2 100.001 250.000_ A 250.001 - 600.0 250.001 - 1.000,00,000__ 3 1.000,001 - 2.000.000_— ---to - - 2.OD0,001 (and up) me 1 polm AddkbrW for each 200,000 god cape NY W 10 a Madnatrtt Of +o Design Flow (gpd) 9so silo (7) PRBJMNARYWMSNRDCESSES(esidoaribrt NttM (a) or (b) Mechanical Saears,Static Screams r COmNMirtg Dsvkss (C) Grs Rnrsrd .t or (d) Mechanical or Araed GA Aenwvsl 2 (a) Fbw Measuring Devb .1 or ((t) bstmmsrded Flow Moa e auremrn - v (g) Preas M0cn,---- 2 (h) . Mloars Flow Equalization._—__ _ 2 (1) Grasse or 00 Separators-Gravly + Mechanical..-- — J Dlsaolvsd Air Fkaatlrt�__ (() Prachbrinetbn_ (a) PR0AAMTREA.TMENTlNrTSPROCESSei (a) Septic Tank ("a definition No. AM + (b) knhotl Tank__-- .3 1c) Primary Clarklkm _ w d) Semling Ponds or Setting Tucks for korgarsc NorNmk Materials(sludge hv+dlirg facilities for water purification plans,sand,gravel.stone.and other MWM operation except mosalirtal acmiss such ae gem or gold mini g)... _—_•_-- + (6) SEQ7LARYTREATMENTtf115PfOC6:sES (a) C4rb0naw0us SM2e (I) Aeratbn•Hiph Purity Oxygen Syste on Diffused Air Systam._____ Mechanical Air System (fixed. Aoalkg or rotor) - s Separate Sknlpe R"Welon (0) Tric"Filer High Rra Standard Rau_ -- 3 Packed Tower. 3 M Blologlcal Minted Finvr or Asated Biological Finer 10 (Iv) Aerated Lagoons.._—__— 10 (v) Rotating Biological Cordadom_— __.10 (N) Sand Filters -intennhters biologic" 2 Rocirculalln0 blological + • (v0) StabNzoon Lagoons— (Ix) Single slaps syslom for Combined carbonaceous removal of BOO and nhmparoue I. nftff�catbn (see dollnhfon No. 12)(Po'uds for this kom have to be In addition to its= (S)(a)O) through (5)(a)(v0I). utilizing the ascended aersibn process(sae deflMbrf No.3a) utnizing other than the e.tonded aeration pries �'•�Fa� (a) Nutrient adduct to enhance SOD rsmovd_�__ a (11) Biological Culture (Super Bugs-)addhbn.�.__ a (b) Nluogano" Stage (I) Aeration - High Purity Oxygen System +0 Dmumd Air Mechanical Air System (fIzed. ficatkg or mor) a Separste Sludge Ig) Trickling Fktor-High Rate 7 Standard Rate_—_ s Packed Tower___.—_—_— 3 Siolog!cal Aerated Filter r Aerated Bloiogkd Finer 10 tv) Rotating Blologicd Comaclors.. _ 10 v) Sand Flier-Interment bbbgkol ______ Recirculating btotogleal + (vat Ccaryr._ _ e (6) TERTWW OR ADVANCED TREATMENT WRS'PiOCESSB (a) Adliated Carbon Beds- wlthout carbon mgoneralto, w vAh carbon mgenombn._.._ 16 (b) Powdered.or Granular Actbaled Carbon Feat . without carbon regeneration— with carbon mpartencton_ _------ 16 C) Air strlppfrg____...—..�__._—�—� 10 d) DonfirKcatlon Pnocees_.__._.__.»._----_—_------------ e) - Elecim lalysb..._ f) Foam Separalbn„....--._--...— —__.-- --....--.--- a g) ton Eacharge....... 3 (h) land AppOcmlon of Treated Effluent (see definition No.22b) (rot applicable fr sand,gravel.stone and ctho( cbnllar mining operations) by high rate �)) Phosphorous Romoval by Biological Pmcesses(Sae doW]on No.26)_.— ----20 (k) Polishing Ponds - Ihouf aeradoa— with seratittrt— (a) Treatment proastses for removal at metal or cYanlde_ __ _« — ---_«««-1 5 (P) .treatment processes for removal of toxic materials Otter than metal or cyanide 15 (7) SUAGETREATMENT (a) Sludge Diii Tank- Heated (anaerobic) Aerobic -10 Aerobic Unhealed (aruerode)- 3 - - (b) Sludge Stabilization(dernicd m themaq. (a) Sludge Drying Beds-Gravky_ - Vacnrum Assisted.-»__ _ (d) Sludge Efutriatbn«Y__:-___«« (a) Sludge Conditioner (chemical Of thermal) 3 (f) Sludge Thickener (grsvhy)...___—_--�- --- (0) Dissolved Air Flotation Unh Irof applicable to a unit ruled as (3)(i)1-------- --•-d (h) Sludge Gas Utilization Onciuding gar storage) (I) Sludge Holding Tank • Aeraled- ()) Sludge Incinerator(rot Inducing activated carbon (k) Vacuum Filter, Centrifuge.or Filler Press or other similar dewaterirg devices 10 (8) RESIDUALS UTaIZAT1OWDISP0SAL(hduding Incinerated ash) (b) Land Application(surface and subsurface) (sea de6nitbn 22a) by contracting at a end application operator Or landfill operator who holds the end application permit or landfill pemuN_____.__.___ .».».______...____...._«_.».._«__.»«_«._«�.._«««_.2 (c) Dedicated Landlw(burial) by the pannbtae of the wastewater treatment facuby_ (0) 09JiCTION (a) Chbriratbn»_ (b) Dechlo *an . (c) Ozore__�r_.�_�M««�__ (10) CHEMICAL ADDITION SYSTEM(S)(use definition No.9))rot applicable to demicel ddbbrs rated as 4m(3)0). (5)(a)(xl). (6)(a). (6)(b). (7)(b)• (7)(0). (ace). (9)(b) or (9)(c) 5 points each: Ust ___—_—_—__«___ (11) &=81ANEOUS LNITSPFOCESSES (a) Holding Ponds,Holding Tanks or Settling Ponds for Organic ar Toxic Materials Inducing wastes from mining operations containing nitrogen or phosphorus compounds in amounts algnakartly greater than Is common for domestic (b) Effluent Flow Equalization(not applicable to storage bashu which are Wwem In tend application systems)--2 (c) Stage Discharge (not applicable to storage bas)ns Inhehont In lard application systems) (d) Pumps.__«____ (a) Stand-By Power Supply---•.-r__� / (1) Thermal Pollution Conml Device—_TOTAL POINTS�— CLASSIFICATION cum l.._ Polmm Class IL_ —_ —26.50 Palms "--- cuss 11._ Palms Class N__��.__�._�__.-�._w___«-_«».__.��66•Up Pains Fadutlas having a ruling of oro through four P0111115,Inclusive,do not require a certified Operator. Fadlhlac havig an adiraled sludge process will be assigned a nirdmum classification of Cass 0. Facilities having treatment processes for the removal all metal Or cyanide will be assigned a minimum dass5lntion d Class IL Fadhies having treatment piocesses for the biological removal of phosphorus will be assigned a minimum dassScatbn of Class III. - DOW DEFNRIONS The following dennhlons shag apply throughout this Subdapler. (1)Activated Carbon Beds. A physkallchemkal method for reducing soluble organic material from wastewater effluent;The column-type beds used In this method wig have a flow rate varying from two to eight gallons per minute per square foot and may be either upibw or downf aw carbon bads- Carbon may W may rot be regenerated on the wastewater treatment plant abe; - (2)Aerated Lagoons. A basin In which all solids are maintained in suspension and by which biological Oxidation or organic matter Is reduced through anifidally &=Totaled transfer of oxygen on a flow-through basis; (3)Aeration A process of bringing about Intimate contact between air or high putty Oxygen In a liquid by spraying. agitation or mttuslong3a) Extended Aeration. An activated sludge process utilizing a minimum hydraulic duernion time of to hours (e)Agricubunny managed she. Any she on which a crop is produced.managed,and harvested(Crop Includes grasses.gralri,those,ate.); (5)Air Stripping. A process by which the ammonium ion Is Ilml converted to dissolved ammonia (pH adjustment)with the ammonia than released to the atmosphere by physical means;or other simuar processes which remove petroleum products such as benzene,toluene.and xylere; (6)Carbon Regeneration The regeneration of exhausted carbon by the use of a furnace to provide extremely high temperatuhos which Volatulze and oxidize the - absorbed Impurltleq (7)Carbonaceous Stage. A sage of wastewater treatment designed o•achleve Necorday effluent 5nths; (8)Comfitu0e. A mechanical oevlm In which centrifugal force Is used to separate solids from liquids or to separate liquids of dRlerent deraC.as; (9)Chemical Addition Systems-The adcMIon of chemical(s)to wastewater a7 an application point for purposes of Improving solids removal,pH adjustmem. afkallnhy control,etc.;the capability to experiment whh different chemicals and different application points to achieve a speclfk hosub will be considered one system;the capabilhy to add chomical(s)to dual units wig be rated as oro system;capability to add a chemical at a different application ponds for dhterard I purposes wig result In the systems being rated as separate systems; (10)Chemical Sludge Conditioning. The addition of a chemical conpound such as gme,enk chloride,or a polymer to wet sludge to coalesce the mass prior to Is appgcallon to a dewatering device; (11) Closed Cycle Systems. Use of holding ponds or holding tanks ice containment of wastewater containing Inorganic,non-tortc materials from lid,gravel cashed stone or other similar operations.Such systems shag carry a maximum of two points regardless of pumping facilhim or any other appunerances; (12)Combined Removal of Carboraceoue BOO and Nitrogenous Removal by Niuhicatbn-A single stage system requlmd to achieve permit effluent limits on 50O and ammonia nitrogen within the same biological reactor (13)Dxhiorinetlon The partial or complete reduction of residual chlorine Ina liquid by any chemical"Physical process; (14) Denllrt iaatbn Process. The comeholon of nbrate-nitrogen to nitrogen gas;