2 - WSC Crabtree Creek Bridge Buffer Application DWR20171487v4 submitted 13Oct2021

Water ResourcesENTAL QUALITY
A. Owner/Applicant Information
For instructions on how to fill out this form, see the Buffer Authorization Application Help Document posted on DWR's 401 & Buffer page.
Please note: fields marked with a red asterisk below are required. You will not be able to submit the form until all mandatory questions are answered.
A. Owner/Applicant Information
General Information
Primary Contact Email: *
Is this project a public transportation
project?*
Who is submitting the application?*
1. Property Owner Information:
la. Name on Recorded Deed:*
1b. Responsible Party:
1c. Mailing Address:*
1d. Telephone:* [phone]
[e-mail]
Pease list the contact person's enail for questions or payrrent on this project if needed
r Yes
r No
r- Owner
rJ Applicant other than Owner
rJ Agent
Check all that apply
Raleigh -Durham Airport Authority
Michael Languth, President & CEO
(for Corporations)
Street Address
1000 Trade Drive PO Box 80001
Address Line 2
City State / Province / Region
RDU Airport NC
Postal / Zip Code Country
27623 United States
le. Email Address:* [e-mail]
2. Applicant's Information (if different from owner):
2a. Name:* Samuel T. Bratton
2b. Company Affiliation: Wake Stone Corporation
2c. Mailing Address:* Street Address
6821 Knightdale Boulevard
Address Line 2
City
State / Province / legion
Knightdale
NC
Fbstal / Zip Code
Country
27545-9651
US

2d. Telephone:*
[phone]
2e. Email Address:*
[e-mail]
2f. Attach a signed and dated copy of the authorization granting the applicant owner approval. An agent authorization form is
acceptable. *
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
RDU- FAA-201 9-04-29- letter. pdf 495.36KB
Lessor Certification Authorization - 105 Acre
399.52KB
Property.pdf
FDF only
3. Agent Information:
3a. Name:*
3b. Company Affiliation:*
3c. Mailing Address:*
Bob Zarzecki
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Street Address
8412 Falls of Neuse Road
Address Line 2
Suite 104
Oty
Raleigh
Postal / Zip Code
27615
State / Province / Region
NC
Country
United States
3d. Telephone:* 9198465900 3e. Email Address:* [e-mail]
3f. Attach a signed and dated copyof the agent authorization form.*
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
Wake Stone Triangle Quarry_Agent Authorization
85.23KB
Form.pdf
FDF Only
If the applicant is not the property owner, in addition to providing the Agent's information, select Applicant other than Owner'above, enter the applicant's
information, and attach an authorization granting the applicant owner approval.

B. Project Information and Prior Project History
B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Project Information
u
la. Name of Project:* Wake Stone Corporation - Triangle Quarry - Bridge Across Crabtree Creek
(Subdivision, facility, or establishment narre)
If your project has a formal name please use this. If your project does not have a formal name, please identify your project by the owner name and
proposed activity (Jones Property Access Road, Smith Guest House, etc.) List in parentheses any other names that have been used to identify the
project in the past.
1b. Is this a publicly -funded transportation project?*
r Yes
r No
1d. Subdivision Name: n/a
le. Nearest Cary, NC
Municipality:
1f. Property Size: 328.00
acres
1g. County (or Counties) where the project is located:*
Wake
1h. Property ID# Date of Purchase
0766809143 9/1 /1981
Tax RN or Parcel id
1 i. Deed Information
Type of Book Book#11 Page#
Deed F
3
Map
1j. Attach a copy of the recorded map that indicates when the lot was last platted.
aick the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
Wake Stone - RDU _ WoUS Plat Map (signed &
6.34MB
sealed).pdf
RDF only
1k. How would you like to provide the Latitude and Longitude information?*
r Address Lookup
r Manually
Latitude * 35.841176 Longitude
11. Is the project located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties?
r Yes
r No
-78.772390
Coastal Management information can be found at:

About Coastal Management
Staff Listing
Coastal County Lookup
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of the nearest body of water to proposed project:*
Crabtree Creek [27-33-(3.5)]
Link to Soil Surveys for North Carolina Counties. (Please see instructions in the Help Document to determine the most recent published version.)
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water:*
2c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:*
7,977
(linear feet only)
3. Project Description:
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
Wake Stone Corporation (WSC) has entered into a Mining Lease agreement with
the Raleigh Durham Airport Authority (RDU) for expansion of WSC's Triangle
Quarry onto RDU property known as the "Odd Fellows Tract" (105 acres). WSC
currently operates the Triangle Quarry on 223 acres located in the northwest
quadrant of Interstate Highway 40 (1-40) and North Harrison Avenue north of Cary,
North Carolina.
The existing quarry site (in continuous operation since 1983) consists of an open pit
mine, crushed stone processing plant, stockpile/sales yard areas, and associated
ancillary facilities. The quarry site is bounded on the south by 1-40, on the west and
north by Crabtree Creek, and on the east by William B. Umstead State Park.
Commercial, business, and residential areas are located south of the quarry across
1-40.
The undeveloped property controlled by RDU (105-acre Odd Fellows Tract) is
located across Crabtree Creek to the west of the Triangle Quarry. The Odd Fellows
Tract is currently characterized by mature mixed pine and hardwood forest
managed by RDU under their forest management plan.
The only public road access to the Odd Fellows Tract is from Old Reedy Creek
Road utilizing the single lane weight limit bridge over Crabtree Creek. The Town of
Cary and other interested parties raised significant opposition to WSC's use of that
road for the project. Based upon the limitations of the single lane bridge and
opposition to use of Old Reedy Creek Road, the only possible access to the
property (for the quarry expansion project) is by building a bridge across Crabtree
Creek. The buffer impacts requested under this application are associated with the
construction of a proposed bridge across Crabtree Creek. In the absence of any
other suitable/practical transportation routes, the bridge will link the quarry
expansion site on the RDU Odd Fellows Tract with the existing Triangle Quarry.
3b. Attach an 8 % x 11 excerpt from the most recent version of the USGS topographic map indicating the location of the site.
Qick the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docunent
USGS Map. pdf 3.58MB
FDF only
Link to TOPO Map lookup: https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/basic/
3c. Attach an 8 1A x 11 excerpt from the most recent version of the published County NRCS Soil Survey Map depicting the
project site.

Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
SS Map.pdf 466.86KB
FDF only
Link to Soil Surveys for North Carolina Counties. (Please see instructions in the Help Document to determine the most recent published version.)
4. Proposed Activity
Provide a detailed description of the proposed activity including its purpose and include the type of equipment to be used:*
Please refer to the attached "Demonstration of Project Purpose, Need, and
Minimization of Impacts".
The proposed activity (which requires NCDWR authorization for impacts to a portion
of the Neuse River Riparian Buffer along Crabtree Creek) is the construction and
operation of a 60' (wide) by 100' (long) bridge across Crabtree Creek. In expanding
the Triangle Quarry onto the RDU-controlled Odd Fellows Tract, WSC intends to
develop a new mine pit west of Crabtree Creek and will utilize the planned bridge for
initial site development, removal of excavated overburden from the property (either
to the existing Triangle Quarry pit for storage or trucked out the Harrison Avenue
entrance to construction sites), and the transport of raw aggregate reserve
materials to the existing Triangle Quarry site for processing and sale. During initial
development of the new pit area, the bridge will be utilized for timber removal
operations through the existing quarry entrance on North Harrison Avenue and the
movement of necessary earthmoving and mining equipment between the existing
quarry and the expansion site. Therefore, the purpose of the project (bridge
construction) is to provide the access necessary to develop a new mine pit on the
Odd Fellows Tract, and following initial site development, provide a means of safe
and efficient transport of harvested timber initially, then overburden and mined
aggregate reserves to the Triangle Quarry for processing and sale.
The proposed bridge provides the only practical alternative for movement of the
heavy mine equipment necessary for site development and once mining begins, off -
road haulage of overburden and quarry -generated stone and overburden to the
existing processing facility. This is because the Odd Fellows Tract is currently
accessible only by Old Reedy Creek Road. Old Reedy Creek Road is a narrow two-
lane unpaved road (in the portion north of 1-40), which utilizes a single -lane
antiquated bridge where it crosses Crabtree Creek south of 1-40. Old Reedy Creek
Road is not an acceptable travel way for movement of heavy mining equipment, nor
is it suitable, or even conceivable for use in the daily transport of mined aggregate
reserves, timber removal, or future off -site transport of overburden/borrow to area
construction sites. As noted by Judge Byrne in his findings of fact incorporated into
his FINAL DECISION (copy attached), "The evidence showed that there are no
practical alternatives to a bridge at the proposed location due to the geographic
limitations of the area in question, the lack of existing improved road options, and
the existing use of areas otherwise bordering the Odd Fellows Tract (Umstead Park
and Interstate 40)."
In determining the viability of operating a mine pit on the Odd Fellows Tract, WSC
determined that construction of a bridge across Crabtree Creek provides the only
practical means of safely and efficiently moving the mined aggregate reserves to
the existing quarry site for processing and sale.
WSC further recognized that such a bridge would need to be of sufficient design to
safely support fully loaded off -road mine haulage units (mine trucks), the
largest/heaviest pieces of mine equipment that would use the bridge, and any other
mine support equipment. Additionally, WSC determined that as the new pit is being
developed, in addition to the off -road mine vehicle usage, the bridge will also be
utilized for highway -legal dump trucks transporting overburden materials to local
construction sites. From a safety standpoint, the bridge design would also need to
incorporate means of separating mine truck usage from highway -legal truck usage.
It also must be made wide enough and incorporate guard railing sufficient to prevent
spillage of materials into Crabtree Creek. Given these operating
scenarios/requirements, WSC contracted with Michael Baker International (MBI), an
internationally recognized bridge design firm, to prepare preliminary bridge design
plans which met these requirements.
With WSC's use of 65-ton capacity off -road haul trucks (which are approximately 20'
wide), the need to provide for two-way mine haul truck travel (for safety and
production efficiency), two-way highway truck travel during times when the bridge

will be used for off -site transport of overburden/borrow, and the necessity for
sufficient width to prevent spillage loss into Crabtree Creek, MBI and WSC
determined a minimum bridge width of 60' will be required to meet the project
purpose. A 60' wide bridge will provide two lanes of travel measuring 27' in width.
27' of width provides the minimum width necessary for safe travel using the 65-ton
haul units, and when coupled with poured -in -place concrete guardrails, provides
protection against spillage into Crabtree Creek. As previously stated, WSC Triangle
Quarry utilizes a fleet of 65-ton capacity haul units. The number of haul trucks in the
fleet varies depending upon haul distances and primary crusher production
demands. During active stone production, these trucks make continuous roundtrips
between the blasted rock muck pile in the pit to the primary crusher station.
Continuous daily two-way traffic requires dedicated travel lanes of sufficient
separation to provide safe traffic flow. For two-way traffic, the Federal Mine Safety
and Health Administration (MSHA) recommends a haul road width of 3.5 times the
width of the largest haul unit using the roadway. With uses of 65-ton capacity haul
trucks, this equates to a MSHA recommended road width of 70 feet. (MSHA
Inspector Guide — attached.) WSC further instructed MBI to provide a preliminary
design that met the minimum 60' width requirement as well as minimized the
resultant buffer impact area and spanned the regulatory floodway (100-year
floodway) so that the bridge will not restrict passage of the 100-year flood discharge
of the creek. WSC, MBI, and MBI's subcontractor Sungate Environmental examined
areas along Crabtree Creek that would be suitable for bridge construction.
Constraining factors included existing topography, straight versus crooked runs of
the creek, and areas with minimal width of the regulatory floodway. Once a suitable
location was determined (straight run with the narrowest regulatory floodway) that
met these minimization criteria, Michael Baker prepared preliminary bridge design
schematics that incorporate vertical concrete headwalls/abutments placed outside
the regulatory floodway, precast concrete "I" beam trusses, and poured -in -place
concrete deck and guardrail systems. (See attached schematic drawings.)
Approaches to the bridge were designed to incorporate vertical concrete retaining
walls (again, to minimize buffer impact area) and compacted earth fill to bring the
approaches to final grade. Trader Construction Company, a bridge construction
contractor provided Sungate Environmental with guidance on the minimum extent of
areas that would necessarily be disturbed for bridge construction. In accordance
with 15A NCAC 02B .0611 (b) (2) (A), the basic project purpose cannot be
practically accomplished in a manner that would avoid or better minimize
disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and protect water quality.
Bridge Construction activities will be confined only to the area identified for buffer
impact authorization. Typical bridge construction techniques are to be employed.
Steel I-beam pilings will be driven to bedrock refusal, with poured concrete footings
and vertical headwalls/end bents supported by these piles. Concrete retaining walls
will be constructed for approach areas and compacted fill placed to final lines and
grades. Equipment to be used during bridge construction are those types typically
used for construction and earthwork (such as excavators, bulldozers, graders, and
cranes). No direct or indirect impacts to Crabtree Creek are proposed, temporary or
otherwise.
Bridge Construction Sequence
• Flag clearing limits for bridge approaches, end bents, and wing walls.
• Clear and grub flagged area for bridge approaches, end bents, and wring walls.
• Install perimeter silt fencing/reinforced silt fencing/silt fence outlets.
• Excavate area required for foundations/footings. Remove spoil to suitable storage
areas.
• Install driven HP 12 X 53 steel piles to refusal.
• Install forms for placement of concrete foundations/footings.
• Place concrete in foundations.
• Remove concrete forms from foundations once cured.
• Install forms for placement of concrete in end bents, pour end bents, and strip
forms once cured.
• Install wring walls.
• Backfill approach areas behind end bents and wing walls.
• Set precast concrete beams.
• Form, pour, and strip concrete bridge deck.
• Form, pour, and strip concrete barrier rails and median barrier.
• Form, pour, and strip east end and west end approach slabs.
• Grade final approaches to provide positive drainage to the depleted Triangle
Quarry pit.

• mstau permanem seeaingrestaDnsn grouna cover tincivaing any requirea riparian
plantings) on disturbed areas (Note: pursuant to 15A NCAC 02B .0714 (11)(g), a
one-time fertilizer application at agronomic rates is deemed allowable in the riparian
buffer to establish replanted vegetation.) Re -vegetation plantings will incorporate
soil fertility tests and nutrient recommendations by the NC Dept. of Agriculture -
Agronomic Division.
Attach a site plan as applicable to the project:
(lick the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
Wake Stone Corp E&SC Plan.pdf
9.72MB
Wake Stone —Permit Package Buffer_20200204.pdf
819.91 KB
Wake Stone Corp E&SC Narrative.pdf
5.06MB
MSHA- Haul Roads.pdf
6.8MB
Bridge Visualization. pdf
1.25MB
Bridge Traffic Scenarios 1 & 2.pdf
915.78KB
Buffer Impacts Drawing.pdf
2.77MB
WSC Site Plans 8-4-2021 Page 3-4 of 13.pdf
15.57MB
FUF only
** Below is a link with instructions on what you will need to show on your site plan.
http://edocs.deq. nc.gov/WaterResou rces/0/doc/402224/Page 1.aspx
5. Jurisdictional Determinations
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5a. Have jurisdictional wetlands or stream determinations by the Corps or State been requested or obtained for this
property/project (including all prior phases) in the past?*
F Yes
r No
5b. Who did the determination on the jurisdictional areas?
Who did the determination?
I List name if known
Date
Attach
State
Stephanie Goss
(Na�ifknown)
12/03/2019
DWRBuffer
3.72M.
Letter- Wake
Stone Triangle
Quarry Haul
Road Area.pdf
Of only
State
Stephanie Goss
(W� if known)
06/20/2020
Wake Stone
975.1.
RDU_DWR
Buffer
Letter_NBRR...
176 (Expires 6-
20-2024)
,reduced.pdf
Of only
Corps
Ross Sullivan
(��iflanown)
01/15/2020
2019-01286 2.2MB
AJD
Tearsheet.pdf
pdf only
*** Please include the date of the determination and upload a copy of the determination.

Comments:
6. Project History
6a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for this project (including all prior phases) in the past?*
t: Yes
r No
6b. List any permits/approvals that have been requested or obtained for this project in the past.
Application Date Date Issued Permit Type
1991 NWP14 & NWP26
6c. Please explain and detail according to "help file" instructions.*
Please refer to the attached "Demonstration of Project Purpose, Need, and
Minimization of Impacts".
Previous Nationwide Permit verifications were obtained for the Triangle Quarry in
1991, but not for the area of the proposed bridge over Crabtree Creek and no
previous Neuse Buffer Authorization Certificates (as the buffer rules did not exist in
1991).
The proposed mining permit expansion project and associated bridge will avoid all
jurisdictional WOTUS for the foreseeable future. The future pit on the RDU Airport
property may eventually require impacts to WOTUS and Neuse Buffers some time in
the future depending on market demands. Any such impacts would be requested
from the USACE and DWR at that time.
On April 7, 2020, Wake Stone Corporation (WSC) made application for
authorization of impacts to the Neuse River Riparian Buffer under the provisions of
15A NCAC 02B .0233. On June 4, 2020, the NC Division of Water Resources issued
the requested buffer authorization (DWR#2017-1487v3), conditioned upon receipt
of the required modified Mining Permit. The Buffer Authorization was subsequently
appealed to the NC Office of Administrative Hearings. The contested case was
heard by Michael C. Byrne, Administrative Law Judge on February 17-19, 2021. In
his FINAL DECISION issued on September 27, 2021, Judge Byrne REVERSED the
agency's issuance of the Buffer Authorization, stating that the agency had failed to
document the required finding of facts and had acted erroneously with respect to
issuance of the Buffer Authorization. By letter dated October 7, 2021, NCDWR
notified WSC of the ALJ's final decision, stating that WSC does not have
authorization to impact riparian buffers under the Neuse River Riparian Buffer
Rules. Having no other apparent recourse, Wake Stone Corporation is re -applying
to the NCDWR, requesting a Buffer Authorization under the revised Neuse River
Riparian Buffer Rules which became effective June 15, 2020 as codified at 15A
NCAC 02B .0714.
7. Future Project Plans
7a. Is this project a phased project?* r Yes
f No
7b. If yes, explain*
n

Please refer to the attached "Demonstration of Project Purpose, Need, and
Minimization of Impacts".
The new pit on the RDU Airport lease property is designed to avoid all impacts to
WoTUS and Neuse Buffers. However, any additional expansion of the pit in the
future will most likely require impacts to WoTUS and/or Neuse Buffers. This will be
years from now and dependent on market demands. Wake Stone Corporation will
request and obtain any necessary approvals from the USACE and DWR prior to
conducting any such impacts.

C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
C. Proposed Impacts Inventory ^,
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................-...........
Buffer Impacts
la. Project is in which protected Basin?*
r Neuse River Basin (15A NCAC 02B.0233)
f Catawba River Basin (15A NCAC 02B.0243)
r Randleman Lake Watershed (15A NCAC 02B.0250)
f Tar -Pamlico River Basin (15A NCAC 02B.0259)
r Jordan Lake Watershed (15A NCAC 02B.0267)
r Goose Creek Watershed (15A NCAC 02B.0606 & 15A NCAC 0213.0607)
You can find which river basin you live in at the link below.
http://wmw.eenorthearolina.org/riverbasins-gis-map.asp
1c. Individually list all buffer impacts below. If any impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
Please note: if the impact you list belowrequires mitigation choose "allow w/ mitigation" under impact type.
Site# - Reason
Stream Name
Buffer Impact*
Impact Type *
Zone 1
Zone 2
Bridge Crossing 1
Crabtree
Permanent
Allowable
6,404.
5,645.
K/hp label (e.g. Pbad
Creek
(P)
00
00
Crossing 1)
Perm orTerrp
Square
Square
Feet
Feet
Total Zone 1 Impacts: 6,404.00
Total Zone 2 Impacts: 5,645.00
Total Buffer Impacts: 12,049.00
Comments:
Please refer to the attached "Demonstration of Project Purpose, Need, and
Minimization of Impacts".

D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing the project.*
Please refer to the attached "Demonstration of Project Purpose, Need, and
Minimization of Impacts".
Wake Stone Corporation hired S&EC, PA to delineate and verify all jurisdictional
wetlands, streams, other Waters of the US (WoTUS) and Neuse Buffers on both the
RDU Airport lease property and the existing Triangle Quarry site. Wake Stone
Corporation then used this information to design the pit on the RDU Airport lease
property to avoid all impacts to WoTUS and Neuse Buffers. They then designed the
bridge across Crabtree Creek to avoid impacts to WoTUS and to cross the creek
and Neuse Buffers at a perpendicular angle to minimize impacts to the Neuse
Buffers. The project proposes NO IMPACTS TO CRABTREE CREEK (temporary or
otherwise). Future impacts to the WoTUS and Neuse Buffers will be necessary for
expansion of the pit on the RDU Airport lease property, but these will be years from
now and dependent on market demands. As such these resources can remain in
place until then and of course pending any necessary approvals from both the
USACE and DWR. See attached Wake Stone Corp E&SC Plan"
• Bridge design incorporates the minimum width necessary to meet the project
purpose. A 60' wide bridge is necessary for safe and efficient two-way mine haul
truck travel, and to protect against spillage into Crabtree Creek.
• Location of the bridge was chosen in a straight run section of Crabtree Creek.
This location allows construction of the bridge at a 90-degree angle to the creek,
thereby minimizing the area of buffer impact.
• Bridge approaches were designed with the minimum turn radius required for safe
operator visibility, thereby minimizing the area of buffer utilized.
• Compacted fill required to bring the bridge approaches to final lines and grades
will be placed between vertical concrete walls. Use of such walls increases project
overall costs but minimizes required buffer impact footprint by negating the alternate
need for 21-1:1 V fill slopes.
WSC and its contractors have made extensive efforts to minimize the area of impact
associated with the bridge construction project. In accordance with 15A NCAC 02B
.0611 (b) (2) (B) the use cannot practically be reduced in size, re -configured, or
redesigned to better minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and
protect water quality.
1b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.*

Please refer to the attached "Demonstration of Project Purpose, Need, and
Minimization of Impacts".
Wake Stone Corporation is in the process of obtaining an updated Mining Permit for
the Triangle Quarry to include the RDU Airport lease land and bridge. This Mining
Permit will include all required BMP measures to protect downstream water quality.
See attached Wake Stone Corp E&SC Plan & Narrative*.
During the design phase of the bridge project, WSC and its contractors (MBI,
Sungate, and Trader) made concerted effort to devise a bridge design of the
minimum size necessary to meet the basic project purpose. Final bridge design
incorporates the use of concrete end bents supported by driven steel piles and
concrete footers. As previously discussed, these structures will be placed outside
the regulatory floodway of Crabtree Creek and will support a system of precast V
beam girders supporting the solid concrete bridge deck. The bridge decking will be
installed without through -deck scuppers to prevent stormwater drainage to the
underlying Neuse Buffer and Crabtree Creek and will incorporate guardrails to
prevent spillage into Crabtree Creek or its riparian buffers. A bridge design of this
scope will allow the bridge construction contractor (Trader) to operate completely
within the limited buffer impact footprint indicated on the plans.
Prior to initiation of bridge construction, the approved limits of disturbance on both
sides of Crabtree Creek will be clearly marked, with tree protection fencing installed
as necessary. Erosion and Sediment Control Plan dictated silt fencing (with
protected outlets) will be installed prior to the clearing and grubbing required for
bridge construction. Such structures will be inspected daily and repaired as
necessary to prevent any sedimentation or other disturbance beyond the approved
disturbance area. Access for equipment utilized during the construction process will
be limited to the non -buffer portions of the project area. Cranes, excavators, and
other equipment utilized for driven pile installation, foundation footing installation,
and construction of the concrete end bents will remain within the approved
disturbance area. Cranes utilized for placement of the precast concrete I-beam
trusses will operate only within the bridge approach areas. In accordance with 15A
NCAC 02B .0611 (b) (2) (C), these best management practices shall be used to
minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and protect water quality.

E. Diffuse Flow Plan
E. Diffuse Flow Plan
All buffer impacts & high ground impacts require diffuse flow or other form of stormwater treatment. If the project is subject to a state implemented
riparian buffer program, upload a plan that fully documents howdiffuse flowwill be maintained. All stormwater control measures (SCMs) must be
designed in accordance with the NC Stormwater Design Manual. Associated supplement forms and other documentation must be provided.
For a list of options to meet the diffuse flow requirements, click here.
la. What type of SCM are you providing?*
I- Level Spreader
r Vegetated Conveyance (lower SHWT)
r Wetland Swale (higher SHWT)
W Proposed project will not create concentrated stormwater flow through the
buffer
r Other SCM that removed minimum of 30% nitrogen
1 c. Diffuse Flow Documentation* click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
Wake Stone Corp E&SC Plan.pdf 9.72MB
FDF only

F. Supplementary Information
F. Supplementary Information
Environmental Documentation
la. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of public (federal/state) land?
r Yes
r No
Violations
2a. Is the site in violation of DWR Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 02H .0500), Isolated Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 02H .1300), DWR
Surface Water or Wetland Standards, or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 02B .0200)?
r Yes
r No
2b. Is this an after -the -fact buffer authorization application?
r Yes
r No
G. Additional Information
Please upload any additional information you would like the Division to consider during application review.
Additional Attachments: nick the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
Combined Project Purpose Need and Minimization
15.54MB
with attachments.pdf
PDF only
Additional Comments:
Please refer to the attached "Demonstration of Project Purpose, Need, and
Minimization of Impacts".

G. Sign and Submit
G. Sign and Submitt ^
By digitally signing below, I certifythat:
o I have given true, accurate, and complete information on this form;
o I agree that submission of this form is a "transaction" subject to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General Statutes (the "Uniform Electronic
Transactions Act')
o I agree to conduct this transaction by electronic means pursuant to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General Statutes (the "Uniform Electronic
Transactions Act');
o I understand that an electronic signature has the same legal effect and can be enforced in the same way as a written signature; AND
• I intend to electronically sign and submit the application form."
Print Name:* S&EC, PA- Bob Zarzecki
Signature *
6; ' ~ ,rm.�. 1
Submission Date: (Auto populated field)

►CJ
U.S. Deportment
Airports Division
of Transportation
Southern Region
Federal Aviation
Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Administration
Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee, U.S. Virgin Islands
April 29, 2019
Mr. Michael Landguth
President & CEO
Raleigh -Durham Airport Authority
1000 Trade Drive
P.O. Box 80001
RDU Airport, NC 27623
Re: Lease Agreement between RDUAA and Wake Stone Corp.
Dear Mr. Landguth:
1701 Columbia Ave.
College Park, GA 30337
This is a follow-up to the letter dated March 21, 2019, from James Lofton, FAA Assistant Chief
Counsel, regarding the RDUAA mining lease (Lease) with the Wake Stone Corporation at the
Raleigh Durham International Airport (RDU). The RDUAA lease agreement involves
approximately 100 acres of airport property located 2.7 miles south of the RDU airport operations
area to the Wake Stone Corporation. This parcel of land borders an existing, off -airport rock
quarry operated by the lessee. The existing quarry is approximately 8,967 feet from the nearest
aeronautical feature, and the quarry's expansion onto airport property, would be 8,822 feet from
the nearest aeronautical feature. The existing, approved ALP currently designates this parcel for
"Industrial/Quarry" use. The leasehold is comprised of land acquired by the RDUAA, with airport
revenue, between 1972 and 1984.
The FAA's Determination Reeardina the Lease
In our March 21 letter, we explained the limitations Section 163(a) of the 2018 FAA
Reauthorization Act places on FAA's regulatory authority over: (1) the acquisition, use, lease,
encumbrance, transfer, or disposal of land by an airport owner or operator; (2) any facility upon
such land; or (3) any portion of such land or facility. We also explained the exceptions to those
limitations.
Based on: (1) information RDUAA has submitted to the FAA, and (2) a review of our records,
including the current Exhibit "A" map and relevant property deeds, we have made the following
determination:

• The lease does not appear to adversely affect the safe and efficient operation of
aircraft or safety of people and property on the ground related to aircraft
operations;
• No federal funding was used in the purchase of this parcel.
Therefore, the FAA will not require a release or other determination with respect to the lease
Nevertheless, the FAA continues to have authority to ensure that RDUAA receives not less than
fair market value under the lease terms and that the revenue received from the lease is used for the
capital or operating costs of the airport, in accordance with 49 U.S.C. Sections 47107(b) and
47133. The FAA may verify compliance with these requirements through a financial compliance
review, the enforcement of grant assurances, or other enforcement mechanisms at a later date.
Moreover, all of RDUAA's federal statutory and grant assurance obligations remain in effect
concerning the parcel. This includes the obligation under Grant Assurance 29 to maintain a current
ALP at all times. The FAA's review of the ALP indicates that the quarry as described in the lease
is already reflected on the ALP. However, should the leaseholder seek future expansion of the
quarry or other material revisions to the terms of the lease, then RDUAA should contact the FAA
to assure any proposed revisions to the lease do not change any of the conclusions reached in this
letter. RDUAA should retain sufficient authority over the parcel to prevent uses which conflict
with its federal obligations and related requirements or create conditions resulting in violations of
the assurances. Subordination clauses or other restrictions may be appropriate.
Applicability of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Because the FAA will not require a release or otherwise determine whether RDUAA properly
entered into the lease, and the ALP already reflects the quarry as described in the lease, there is no
FAA action subject to NEPA.
If you have further questions or need for clarification, please feel free to contact me at
404-305-6700.
Sincerely,
1117A r//li 7
Steven Hicks
Director,
Office of Airports Southern Region

RDU RALEIGH- DURHAM AIRPORT AUTHORITY
1 0 0 0 Trade Drive ' P O B o x 6 0 0 0 1 RDU Airport, NC 2 7 6 2 3
JNI
Michael J. Landguth, A.A.E. tel: (619) e40-7700 • lax: (ale) 640-0175 • ww...rdu.com
President & CEO
LESSOR CERTIFICATION/AUTHORIZATION
Project Name/Description: 205-ACRE PROPERTY S&EC Project# 12812
Date:2019-2020
The Department of the Army
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District
69 Darling Avenue
Wilmington, NC 28403
Attn: Ross Sullivan
USACE Regulatory Field Office: Raleigh
I, the undersigned, a representative of the duly authorized lessor, operator, and developer, having complete
authority over the properties identified herein (as provided by applicable law), do authorize representatives of the
Wilmington District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA (S&EC) staff to
enter upon the property herein described for the purpose of conducting on -site investigations and issuing a
determination associated with Waters of the U.S. subject to Federal jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water
Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. This document also authorizes S&EC to take all actions
necessary for the processing, issuance, and acceptance of a permit or certification and any and all associated
standard and special conditions. This notification supersedes any previous correspondence concerning the agent for
this project.
NOTICE: This authorization, for liability and professional courtesy reasons, is valid only for government officials to
enter the property when accompanied by S&EC staff. You should call S&EC to arrange a site meeting prior to visiting
the site.
PARCEL INFORMATION:
Parcel Index Number(s) (PIN): 105-acre portion of 0767324317
Site Address: southeast of Old Reedy Creek Road, Cary, Wake County, NC
Lat/Long: 35.841575 /-078.775912
Watershed: Crabtree Creek, 27-33-(3.5), "B;NSW", Neuse 03020201
LESSOR, OPERATOR, DEVELOPER WITH COMPLETE AUTHORITY
Name: Raleigh -Durham Airport Authority
Address: 1000 Trade Drive, PO Box 80001, RDU Airport, NC 27623
Phone No.: [phone] Fax No.: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Michael J. Landguth, President & CEO
Lessor (please print)
Lessor
May 31, 2019
Date
John M Kane, Chairman Patrick Hannah, Esq., Vice -Chairman Robert D. Teer, Jr.. Treasurer
Wake County Durham County City of Durham
David Morgan Sepideh Sardi, PE, Secretary David Kushner
Durham County City of Raleigh Wake County
Dickle Thompson
City of Raleigh
Napoleon Wallace
City of Durham

Environmental Consultants,
8412 Falls of Neuse Road, Stnee 104, Raleigh, NC. 27615 • Phone: O19) 846-5900
sandec.com
PROPERTY OWNER CERTIFICATION / AGENT AUTHORIZATION
Project Name/Description: WAKE STONE — TRIANGLE QUARRY S&EC Project # 12812
Date: 2020
The Department of the Army
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District
69 Darlington Avenue
Wilmington, NC 28403
Attn: Lyle Phillips or assigned) USACE Regulatory Field Office: Raleigh
I, the undersigned, a duly authorized owner of record of the property/properties identified herein, do
authorize representatives of the Wilmington District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and Soil &
Environmental Consultants, PA (S&EC) staff (as my agent) to enter upon the property herein described
for the purpose of conducting on -site investigations and issuing a determination associated with Waters
of the U.S. subject to Federal jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of
the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. This document also authorizes S&EC (as my agent) to act on my
behalf and take all actions necessary for the processing, issuance and acceptance of a permit or
certification and any and all associated standard and special conditions. This notification supersedes any
previous correspondence concerning the agent for this project.
NOTICE: This authorization, for liability and professional courtesy reasons, is valid only for government
officials to enter the property when accompanied by S&EC staff. You should call S&EC to arrange a site
meeting prior to visiting the site.
PARCEL INFORMATION:
Site Address: 222 Star Lane, Cary, Wake County, NC
PIN#(s): 0766809143 Deed: B2958/P3 Area: +/- 219 acres Lat/Long:35.837642/-78.778486
Watershed: Crabtree Creek, 27-33-(3.5), "B;NSW", Neuse 03020201-0803
PROPERTY OWNER INFORMATION:
Name: Wake Stone Corporation
Address: 6821 Knightdale Blvd., PO Box 190, Knightdale, NC 27545-0190
Phone No.: [phone] Fax No.: [phone] Mobile No.: [phone]
Email: sambratton wakestonecorp.com i
Sam Bratton � / "Z' d
Property Owner (please print) Date
Owner Signature
We hereby certify the above information submitted in this application is true and accurate to
the best of our knowledge.

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MR
Cmbtree Ueek To dBank
91
N06713
26)/%a
TDB
Crabtree Creek Topof Bank
%
T�.1
206)443.T
TOR
Crabtree Creek To of Bank
%
MU/30.9
26)415]
TOR
Cab eCreek To of Bank
In
MOM3.026)3D.0
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Crabtree Creek Topof Bank
%
)$IB000
20IIasm
TOO
Crabtree Creek To of Bank
99
a0lCL a.6
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100
MOB%3
2%132T.3
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Cabtree Creek To &Bank
101
TRIBl61
20571a Is
TOR
cmbtree UeekT &Bank
al
M092S2
201saLL/
TOR
Cmbtree Creek Ta dBank
IN
MO%16
206)M8.3
TOR
Cabtree Creek To MBank
1N
M09243
2152D1.1
TOO
Crabtree Creek To dBank
1%
MO996.9
0%Ra6.1
TOR
Cmbtree CreekT &Bank
106
)61064
206)ID8.3
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Cmbtree CRek To MBank
10I
)61O3R)
206RM.6
TOR
Gamree Creek To dBank
JOB
WID5555
20GT)891
TOR
Crabtree Creek To dllank
M
wlasuo
2067m6.4
TOB
Cmbtree CreekT &Bank
ll0
M11093
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TOO
CMbtee Creek To &tank
lll
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20 T5363
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C Ikme Leek To.of Bank
m
)61139.1
2I6AN.5
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Cabtree CreekT deank
113
)611K.3
1061353.5
TOB
Cabtree CreekT &Bank
314
M115T)
206731
TDB
Cmbbee Creek Ta dBank
ll5
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216I4110
TOO
Cnn.re CreekTo dank
116
ff1282
206)450A
TOR
cmbtree Creek To of Bank
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MI2O2.1
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TOO
Cmbtree Creek To d1In,
IN
M123).)
26M32.1
TOB
Uab"re CreekTo &Rank
114
)612554
E%MMS
TOR
Cmbtree Creek To dWnk
12D
M3xD.3
26Mafi
lIB
Rabtree UeekT of Bank
121
M12930
206alim
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Cmbtree Creek To of Bank
122
M331a.7
216TIa5
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Cmbtree Creek To &Bank
Ta
M13022
xgs5.1
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111
)61T)4.9
26M29.0
TOR
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2631ROL3
BUMS .9
TOO
Crabtree Creek Tc &flank
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21629f6,)
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1D
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CreekT dBank
)
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9 20681162
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UabOee Creek To dBank
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M6R95.3
TOR
Uaburee Creek To &Bank
116)
e 55-6
4
1166
135
M15859
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lOB Cmbtree
Creek Tup&Rank
Panel 8
14
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Ell Crabtree
Creek To Dr Bank
ST
M15211 Z%8150.1
TOR Crabtree
Creek To dlank
Sfrwrt 5
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f&1Oami
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206M24.2
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30)3
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Po O nW&erl Waterline
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M181R.4
2615085
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102E
MI8Si4
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206)961.9
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1091
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prxtl/O nWaterl Wa[eruM
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0
100'
200,
300'
Graphic
Scale
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Stream T
an
an
1136
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3
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/
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SE-]03
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3
3146
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RreamE4mer Uannel
2
Jones Surveying and Consulting, PLLC
L. Randall Jones, PlS (L-3245)
6G11erune Pvenw eNIGN)WD, N.0 3)Sa5
Plat of
Waters of the US Survey for
for
Wake Stone Corporation
Saeet6el10
Gareor5ury :luNe,M9

IID
M145L5
M62901.6
W214
O .Wxer2Warertlne
lu4
)s14s,a
206]8884
waz
OwrWte,2WaeruM
IUS
1 7614690
1 M6]e)63
W2-3
(Own Water 2 Water One
1UH51
761484.2
1 216]880)
W2-32
O nWater2Water One
1127
7614592
206)9014
W2 13
Own Water2Wrwrline
1128
763510.3
216)841.9
W24
Own Water Meter One
13D
761540.8
2061845.7
W2-5
O nWater2 Waterline
113D
M15696
2062 11
W2-6
OaanW9ar2WauUna
1131
M .9
M011577
W2-0
0 nWater2 Wa[er One
1132
Xi15664
ID62 33
W2-8
a nWaer2Waterune
1133
161556.7
216)8882
W2-9
Own Wzrer2WaterOne
1134
2615M3
20618620
W2-10
Open Wwar2Wawu.i,,
1135
761510.8
2D6]6]04
W2-11
011enWatar2WAeriine
Q
Toe ot\ooQa�e36
ane
Panel 6
139
TOR
xa a oe �eStio o4�apS1
Toe 2 � O�
0
'et/ roe °4�
QI, L. RANDALL JONES, PLSa certify that this project was completed under my direct and responsible
TM G°oo charge from an actual survey made by me; that the boundaries not surveyed are drawn from Wake
;OR y�a�e County GIS; that the ratio of precision of the positional accuracy is sub -meter, and that this map meets
- the requirements of The Standards of Practice for Land Surveying in North Carolina (21 NCAC 56.1600).
This2t` day of Aulllcgs 7 ,2019. Aa,tUrli'.r r:glarh
o �Ess •• Oe •
SEALS SEAL
�,� f y
,e �r—
,a� L. Randall Jones = L-3245 ��_
Z �r
NC Professional Land Surveyor (L-3245) ,•is...... to
��.1"bb
Notes:
Lr)
_ a
_�
1)
Waters of the US (WoUS) including wetlands, streams, and open waters (pond)shown on this
N
4J
map were delineated by Soil and Environmental Consultants, PA (S&EC), 8412 Falls of Neuse
f0
Cp
Road, Suite 104, Raleigh, N.C. 27615 and field verified by Ross Sullivan of the US Army Corps of
d
fi
Engineers on August 21, 2019.
2)
NC State Plane coordinates shown hereon are referenced horizontally to the North American
Datum of 1983 using the 2011 Adjustment (NAD83/2011).
3)
This is a wetlands and US Regulated Waters Survey referenced to the property lines taken from
Wake County GIS Data.
4)
This Survey meets the horizontal accuracy standards for a Class B LIS/GIS SURVEY (sub -meter) as
set forth by the NC Board For Engineers and Land Surveyors in 21 NCAC 56.1608.
5)
Field survey was conducted using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) on July 8, 2019
using a Trimble GEO 7X (sn 5737479817) with external Zephyr 1_1/1_2 Antenna (sn 31211179821)
and post processed in reference to the closest three (3) CORS Stations (NCRD, DURH, NCJL) with
Panel 6
Trimble Pathfinder Office software (version5.90).
95
% M 6)
Several Existing Iron Pipes (EIP) (property corners) were also located along Crabtree Creek at the
Panel 9 _ time of survey and plotted on this map.
0 100' 200' 300'
FEW
Graphic Scale > " _ > 00'
Jones Surveying and Consulting, PLLC
L. Randall Jones, PLS (L-3245)
< p4t3. r 115as
Plat of
Waters of the US Survey for
for
Wake Stone Corporation
an«„o/1p
W,e o/Survey'.Iu1v6. E019

Panel 7
rdb >D
3,
Property of Wake Stone Corporation
Wake County Registry Book of Maps 1982, Page 364
0
100,
200'
300'
Graphic
Scale
> "
_ > 00'
Jones Surveying and Consulting, PLLC
L. Randall Jones, PLS(L-3245)
Bon.<o�aa.<��< KNIGHmue. x, c 27w5
Plat of
Waters of the US Survey for
for
Wake Stone Corporation
SM1eet 8a�l0
�a�e a/SurveY..luly02019

4
5�
155ii566
tt65 5 5
S S5-
55--J
1163
55-2 5
J 8
35
TOO
36
TOB
3)
TOO
\ 38
TOB
W I a)//`0
a.. _, - a_
Wetland ]
P&M
HOMI
EkM
4sa1 m
FW Ba4a1
114I
)FM611
2066455.5
W1-]
lwNappd1
1148
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W]-2
WetlandI
u49
]605091
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W1.3
WedrndI
1150
)Yh25.9
2066433.0
W14
WedalMI
1ss1
)raslu
m6646z]
W1-5
Wedandl
1152
)fiO4)fl9
2RG4%5
W1-6
WetlandI
1160
I60424.2
2KW93.9
W]-14
W 0.rrd1
1161
]60434.3
20fi4)5.6
W1-]5
Wetlandl
40
43
TO
46
Toe
K roe
Wetland 1
0.091 Ac.
12
-6
20680689
TOB
Crabtree Creek To of Bank
)615aa9
2060116.2
TOO
Crabtree CreekTo ofBank
)6158,6
ID M7
TOB
CrabneeCreekTo ofBank
T61605.2
2OEaO39.]
TOO
Crabtree Creek Ta of Bank
I)6n%6
)61WLG
ID 53
TOO
Crebtree Creek To of Bank
)61 ,9
206fl366.4
TOB
Crabtree Creek To of Rank
]61565.3
ID6OVA
TOO
Crabtree Creek To of Bank
76152L3
2060450.1
TOO
Crabtree Creek To of Rank
1M
7614N4
2060481O
TOO
Crabtree Creek Top of Bank
139
7614489
2064529.31
TOR
Crabtree Creek TO of Bank
IQ)61415.1
ID6fl5W.6
TOB
Crabtree Creek To of Bank
141
76..1
206a5923
TOO
Crabtree Creek Top of Bank
142
1 76 ,4
126 9.91
TOB
Cra&ree Creek To of Bank
143
1 ]61401)
1 206867.51
TOO
Crabtree Creek Top of Bank
144
1 761397A
12a6066241
TOO
Crabtree Creek Top of Bank
145
)61438)
2069697.9
TOO
Cabtree Creek Top of Bank
146
7614319
2068712.5
TOO
Crabtree Creek Top Of Rank
147
]634$2
206B)30.4
TOB
lcneporeeceek To &Rank
14P
761489.2
20602416
TOB
Crabnr.Creek To MBank
149
)61530.1
2068753.6
TOB
ICnkme Creek To MBank
150
7615N.5
2068)43.8
TOB
Crabtree Creek To MBnk
151
761",7
2M717.5
TOB
lCmbtmeCmekTop&Unk
152
761M7
20 47.9
TOB
Crabtree Creek To of Bank
153
min
2W8569.2
TOO
Crabtree CreekT MBank
]54
7617587
2068502.4
TOO
Crebtree Creek To &Rank
L55
761N1.0
IDri14)2.9
TOB
Cnblree Creek To of0ank
]56
761a266
20683 A
TOB
Crabtree Creek To MRank
157
7618522
206 ..2
TOO
Crabtree Creek To of Rank
M
)618)4.1
20 8.7
TOO
Crabtree Creek To of Rank
159
76105.2
SO"a.4
TOB
Crabtree Creek To MBank
160
7619242
2068274.3
TOO
Crabtree Creek To dRank
161
)61964.3
2069}54.0
TOP
Crabtree CreekT of Bank
162
)61990.0
2068249.0
TOO
Cra&ree Creek To of Rank
163
]61594.8
E0682314
TOB
Crabtree [reek To of Bank
IW
)6_3
L582100
me
Uabtree CreekT &Bank
165
)62M6a
206B251A
TOO
Crabtree Creek To of Rank
1%
]6210fl]
2069262.9
TOB
Crabtree Creek To of Rank
50
Property of Wake Stone Corporation
Wake County Registry Book of Maps 1982, Page 364
Naa�nei��5��
C/�/
Panel 8
93
1TOO
f0O
91
TOO
Crabtree Creek
Water Surface Area 3.46 Acres
+/-
Length along Centerline/Property line 6,219feet
00
W 4 W
Property of Raleigh Durham International Airport N
0 100' 200' 300'
Graphic Scale > " _ > 00'
63
TOO
64
TOO
65
T00
66
TOO
6]
TOO
TOO
2
Jones Surveying and Consulting, PLLC
L. Randall Jones, PLS (L-3245)
�)5emn4 k.- NNiGHTOPLE,N. C27SC5
Plat of
Waters of the US Survey for
for
Wake Stone Corporation
5�<e19 M10
if
Date of Survry'.Iuly B. 3019

93
TOe
and post processed in reference to the closest three (3) CORS Stations (NCRD, DURH, NCJL) with
Panel 6 Trimble Pathfinder Office software (version5.90).
L Line
,,,,„ 6) Several Existing Iron Pipes (EIP) (property corners) were also located along Crabtree Creek at the
Panel 9 time of survey and plotted on this map.
"This certifies that this copy of this plat accurately depicts the boundary of the jurisdiction of the Section
404 of the Clean Water Act as determined by the undersigned on this date. Unless there is change in the
law or our published regulations, this determination of Section 404 jurisdiction may be relied upon for a
period not to exceed five years from this date. The undersigned completed this determination utilizing
the appropriate Regional Supplement to the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
))84
Manual, 33 C.F.R. part 328 and other U.S. Army Corps of Engineers guidance."
Regulatory Official:
Property of Wake Stone Corporation
Wake County Registry Book of Maps 1982, Page 364
EN
II•
Graphical Scale
Title:
Date:
USACEAction ID No.:
Jones Surveying and Consulting, PLLC
L. Randall Jones, PLS (L-3245)
607 Second Avenue KNIGHTDALE, N. C. 27545
Plat of
Waters of the US Survey for
for
40I Wake Stone Corporation
0
too'
200'
300'
Graphic
Scale
> "
= > 00'
Sheet 1 of 10
Date of Survey: July 8, 2019
Jones Surveying and Consulting, PLLC
L. Randall Jones, PLS (L-324S)
60)SewnC Pvenw MNIGHTDNLTN. C 27y5
Plat of
Waters of the US Survey for
for
Wake Stone Corporation
��ee, Loa„o
m�ems�rvee L�ma,vmz

0
x
•�,^ Pond 1 1�'(,�Ln
�
W1 ■
Project Number: Map Title: 7ans]
12812.W2 0 ,000 2,0
Project Manager: Figure 1 - USGS Map I I BZ Wake Stone Property Feet
Scale: Wake County, NC1" = 1000' •Source: Soil & Environmental Wake County USGS %JQ 1.�.1N-R-d.N.i.104, RoLmo.%C MI5.
9/27/16 NC Cary 2016 Quadrangle ��"°"°

EnB2 I CeF]r
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MIS.
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`. CRl'• } CB AD., �r der, ASC \
I }
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D
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FaR
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t i {"F I • � ��11 �� f +~�5
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1713K�
.. O ati
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Project Number: Map Title: N
12812.W2 0 1,000 2,000
Project Manager: Figure 2- Soil Survey Map I I I I I I I I I
BZ Wake Stone Property Feet
Scale: Wake County, NC
1" = 1000' •
S5oi1 & Environmental Consultants, PAource:Date: Wake County 9462 I.l ul%,-e R-d. ti.il I"RoLmo Mi5"Pwne(919)l 59 - F-: (919) xv'9
9/27/16 Soil Survey Sheet 37 -L&—

w
OIL N
NN-0
ONr� L
�w
N 5-
GRAPHIC SCALE
50 25 0 50 100
rILCC�LLLI �1�1
PLANS
THESE EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLANS COMPLY WITH
THE APPLICABLE REGULATIONS SET FORTH BY THE NCG-010000
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2019
AND ISSUED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES.
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Prepared In the Office of:
SUNGATE DESIGN GROUP, P.A.
. W 905 JONES FRANKLIN ROAD
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA27606
I I TEL [phone] - _ ENG FIRM LICENSE NO. C-
890
Designed by:
OSHUA G. DALTON, PE 3552
NAME LEVEL III CERTIFICATION NO.
PROJECT
SHEET
NO.
TOTAL
SHEETS
481727
EC-1
INDEX OF SHEETS
DESCRIPTION
EROSION CONTROL COVER SHEET
EC-02B EROSION CONTROL NOTES
EC-03D EROSION CONTROL DETAILS
EC-05 EROSION CONTROL PLAN
REFORESTATION SHEET
THIS PROJECT CONTAINS
EROSION CONTROL PLANS
FOR CLEARING AND
GRUBBING PHASE OF
CONSTRUCTION.
THIS PROJECT HAS
BEEN DESIGNED TO
SENSITIVE WATERSHED
STANDARDS (NEUSE
RIVER BASIN).
ENVIRONMENTALLY
SENSITIVE AREA(S) EXIST
ON THIS PROJECT
Refer To E. C. Special Provisions
for Special Considerations.
303(d) IMPAIRED WATER(S) EXIST
ON THIS PROJECT
303(d) Impaired Water Zone(s) Exist
From Sta. 10 + 00 —L—
to Sta. 14 +.33.28 --L—
Refer To E. C. Special Provisions
for Special Considerations.
PROJECT LENGTH: 0.082 MILES
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC. CONTACT:
PROJECT MANAGER
BRADLEY J. BELL, P.E.
SUNGATE HYDRAULICS OEN�INEECONTACT:
JOSHUA G. DALTON, P.E.

VEGETATIVE PLAN
Seedbed Preparation
Seeding Schedule
For Shoulders, Side Ditches, Slopes (Max 3: 1):
Date
Tvue
Planting Rate
1.
Chisel compacted areas and spread topsoil 2 to 3 inches deep over adverse soil
conditions, if available.
Aug 15-
Tall Fescue
300 lbs/acre
Nov 1
2.
Rip the entire area to a depth of not less than 5 inches, unless directed otherwise.
Nov 1-
Mar 1
Tall Fescue & Abruzzi Rye
300 lbs/acre
Mar 1-
Tall Fescue
300 lbs/acre
3.
Remove all loose rock, roots and other obstructions 3 inches or larger on median,
Apr 15
leaving surface reasonably smooth and uniform.
Apr 15-
Hulled Common Bermudagrass
25 lbs/acre
Jun 30
4.
Apply agricultural lime, fertilizer and superphosphate uniformly and mix with soil
Jul 1-
Tall Fescue AND Browntop Millet
125 lbs/acre (Tall Fescue); 35 lbs/acre
(see mixture below).
Aug 15
or Sorghum -Sudan Hybrids
(Browntop Millet); 30 lbs/acre (Sorghum -
Sudan Hybrids)
5. Continue tillage until a well -pulverized, firm, reasonably uniform seedbed is
prepared 2 to 3 inches deep.
6. Seed on a freshly prepared seedbed and cover seed lightly with seeding equipment
or cultipack after seeding.
7. Mulch within 24 hours after seeding and anchor mulch.
8. Inspect all seeded areas and make necessary repairs or reseedings within the
planting season, if possible. If stand should be more than 60% damaged, re-
establish following the original lime, fertilizer and seeding rates.
Mixture
Agricultural Limestone
Fertilizer
Superphosphate
Mulch
Anchor
2 tons/acre (3 tons/acre in clay soils)
1,000 lbs/acre - 10-10-10
500 lbs/acre - 20% analysis
2 tons/acre - small grain straw
Asphalt emulsion at 400 gals/acre
EROSION CONTROL GENERAL NOTES
1. All work shall be in compliance with Wake County and NCDEQ-DEMLR approved
plans and standards.
2. Clearing on this project shall be performed to the limits established by NCDOT
Method II.
3. The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with NPDES General Permit
NCG010000 requirements, including, but not limited to maintaining a rain gauge on
site, documentation of rainfall amounts and dates, inspections and maintenance of
erosion control devices, weekly reports, and other documentation as required.
4. All disturbed slopes must be stabilized within the time frame indicated on the
Stabilization Guidelines Table.
5. All disturbed areas not in proposed pavement shall be stabilized in accordance with
the project's Vegetative Plan.
6. All site work shall produce surface grades adequate for storm water runoff to prevent
standing water on all developed areas to meet existing grades in smooth transition.
7. Fill areas to be confined to the areas specified on the plans. Land clearing debris to be
removed from the site and properly disposed of by the Contractor. All project waste
and demolition materials to be disposed of in accordance with applicable NCDEQ-
DEMLR standards and regulations.
8. All stockpile and temporary spoil areas shall be protected by silt fence.
9. Borrow material for this project (if needed) shall be obtained from a site with a
current, approved erosion control permit for land disturbing activity.
For Shoulders, Side Ditches, Slopes (3:1 to 2: 1):
Date Type Planting Rate
Mar 1- Sericea Lespedeza (scarified) and
Jun 1 use the following combinations: 50 lbs/acre (Sericea Lespedeza);
Mar 1- Add Tall Fescue 120 lbs/acre
Apr 15
Mar 1- Or add Hulled Common 25 lbs/acre
Jun 30 Bermudagrass
Jun 1- Tall Fescue AND Browntop Mullet 120 lbs/acre (Tall Fescue); 35 lbs/acre
Sept 1 or Sorghum -Sudan Hybrids*** (Browntop Mullet); 30 lbs/acre (Sorghum -
Sudan Hybrids)
Sept 1- Sericea Lespedeza (unhulled - 70 lbs/acre (Sericea Lespedeza); 120 lbs/acre
Mar 1 unscarified) AND Tall Fescue (Tall Fescue)
Nov 1- AND Abruzzi Rye 25 lbs/acre
Mar 1
The Contractor shall select a nurse crop from the table below that is best suited to the
specific site conditions and characteristics. The nurse crop shall be added to and applied
along with the permanent vegetative mixture.
Consult Erosion Control Design Engineer for additional information concerning other alternatives for
vegetation of denuded areas. The above vegetation rates are those that do well under local conditions; other
seeding rate combinations are possible.
*** TEMPORARY: Reseed according to optimum season for desired permanent vegetation. Do not allow
temporary cover to grow more than 12" in height before mowing; otherwise, fescue may be shaded out.
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
HERBACEOUS PLANTS -Seeding recommendations for immediate stabilization/nurse crops TablQ 6.1 1,a
(2 to 5 weeks for development; effectiveness goal; 6 Inwitlis to 1 year stabilization)
NURSE CROP SPECIES
Op" Plants g Dates
Cam -non Name
via' call Name
rt
1. 1 hulas
t . ..: R
FertllZOON
Inw5bane
kmKfe
Mountain
PL-dim
C�vtot
pl*.4
5un,'Shado
tolerant
Wed3nds
Riparar
CJr-gr9
Invasive
e s ❑r ❑
hslallalian ; MRinlonanut
Consaerate-a
Other infarrnaiion, commentary
R Gras
Secede ceeeafe
I
'Ic Ibs
B sal -eat
1 ul - 4i30
9115 - cis
&15 - 4N 5
Sun
Yea
Ves
VO
Must be mown 10 reduce
competliveness with
Dvrnanem or kag term
viagetawn
Wheat
^Natrm Be . ,.
I
30Ibs
By aoi :est
1' 11 --0l30
& 1 5 - "S
8N 5 - 4115
Sun
Must be mown 10 reduce
Not water tolerant May De used
conVetAlveness with
n welarwa that are not
pernminent or term
conhnuou aaturetPA
v tam-
Geamn KUM
I
101bs
By Sal test
Sfl1 - Oi30
Sil5 - EVIS
4115 - Oil
Sun
-
No
Crop enaild be C�-. dies
Not water tolerent May ae used
anar to pLianting prinflarycc
r' weiancs that are not
long term va etaaon
continuously ssturatea
brvApntop blit•I
lumchfos ren7ase
I
I
sol hest
5i 11 - W30
511 S - WIS
4115 - WSJ
Sun
; _:•
yu
Crop ehotld be cqA ?disc
Not water tolerant May be used
pinor 1n planting primaryor
on weianos .hat are not
big Harm ve eta,lon
continuously sat.rated.
Sudan refs {h,yt: ids'
Sa hurnsacchara4„ •
I
I- :
t : ..l :est
NR
11 :
4115-&15
:_ . Ir
No
Yo
-
:'rop s^ould be c, . 1 disc
Use orty wtlere plants and seed
S. b�calar s . fJrerm r,
-nor to dantng primaryor
can be contained a^d cont olilled_
bn term ve etaaon
,[oae Leg edeza
1{exnmerovne ardsta V. Robe
I
_ I
by soi .est
b 1 - 9A
SA -911
S11- 911
tun
No
Yo
No
Consult quElffied
Use in Coastal Pain
-orlcult,.raist o• extension
ent for over6eedln
'king P^TiBry'COYEK
Ko sari Lespedeza
xUmmamvna 81`t93uiaC6a
I
U.,
By soli :ast
bit - 9A
Sell - 911
511-1.0
Sun
Jo
`J ,
No
Consult quairfied
Use 1n Piedmont and
^or-lcult,.raist o• extension
Mountains. MB9 mcome
agent for over6aeedln
^Veetve
wing prnacover
NOTES:
1. Seeding rates are tar hided seed unless Otherwise naiad,
2. Fe"liz-ar & Limestone - rates to be applIM In abseo+ae of sod 'csts. Rccommcndac appli-. r -:n rate assumes signiArandy distuffW site soils w1h lick o• no resdual value.
3. N hR deans Species not recommended for me region or appkahon area,
4. 1'wmivu r1mignmoon as (Worminied by 1h• N.C. Fx41ia PAst Pant C(XIrtgl and NLC. walive plard $<iGl41y ,
S. Sprigging is nut recorlrrtenced fur mrnediete 67.Bbixatiorl unlesrt terrain is fiat -esW mulch Is applied and no other immediate stabilzaiion method is precncal.
1. Schedule a preconstruction conference with NCDEQ Erosion Control Officer
and Erosion Control Design Engineer. Obtain a land -disturbing permit.
2. Install gravel construction entrance(s), tree protection, silt fence, or other
erosion control measures as shown on the approved plan. Clear only as
necessary to install these devices.
3. Begin clearing and grubbing. Maintain devices as needed. Rough grade site.
4. Construct concrete end bents and wing walls for bridge and roadway.
5. Use suitable fill material to raise grade behind concrete end bents and wing
walls to construct proposed bridge.
6. Construct proposed bridge superstructure over Crabtree Creek.
7. Construct remaining portions of proposed roadway.
8. Stabilize site as areas are brought up to finish grade with vegetation, paving,
ditch linings, etc. Seed and mulch denuded areas per Ground Stabilization
Time Frames.
9. Complete construction and stabilize all areas.
10. Vegetative planting for reforestation shall be added on streambanks not
covered by rip rap.
11. Once the site is completely stabilized remove silt fence, tree protection,
staging and stockpile area(s), concrete washout area, etc., and seed out or
stabilize any resulting bare areas.
12. When vegetation has become established, call for a final site inspection by the
Erosion Control Design Engineer.
MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
1. All erosion and sediment control practices will be checked for stability and
operation following every runoff -producing rainfall but in no case less than
once every week. Any needed repairs will be made immediately to maintain
all practices as designed.
2. Sediment will be removed from behind the sediment fence when it becomes
approximately 0.5 feet deep at the fence. The sediment fence will be repaired
as necessary to maintain a barrier.
3. All seeded areas will be fertilized, reseeded as necessary, and mulched
according to specifications in the vegetative plan to maintain a vigorous,
dense vegetative cover.

GROUND STABILIZATION AND MATERIALS HANDLING PRACTICES FOR COMPLIANCE WITH
THE NCG01 CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT
Implementing the details and specifications on this plan sheet will result in the construction
activity being considered compliant with the Ground Stabilization and Materials Handling
sections of the NCG01 Construction General Permit (Sections E and F, respectively). The
permittee shall comply with the Erosion and Sediment Control plan approved by the
delegated authority having jurisdiction. All details and specifications shown on this sheet
may not apply depending on site conditions and the delegated authority having jurisdiction.
SECTION E: GROUND STABILIZATION
Required Ground Stabilization
Timeframes
Stabilize within this
Site Area Description
many calendar
Timeframe variations
days after ceasing
land disturbance
(a) Perimeter dikes,
swales, ditches, and
7
None
perimeter slopes
(b) High Quality Water
7
None
(HQW) Zones
(c) Slopes steeper than
If slopes are 10' or less in length and are
3:1
7
not steeper than 2:1, 14 days are
allowed
-7 days for slopes greater than 50' in
length and with slopes steeper than 4:1
-7 days for perimeter dikes, swales,
(d) Slopes 3:1 to 4:1
14
ditches, perimeter slopes and HQW
Zones
-10 days for Falls Lake Watershed
-7 days for perimeter dikes, swales,
(e) Areas with slopes
ditches, perimeter slopes and HQW Zones
flatter than 4:1
14
-10 days for Falls Lake Watershed unless
there is zero slope
Note: After the permanent cessation of construction activities, any areas with temporary
ground stabilization shall be converted to permanent ground stabilization as soon as
practicable but in no case longer than 90 calendar days after the last land disturbing
activity. Temporary ground stabilization shall be maintained in a manner to render the
surface stable against accelerated erosion until permanent ground stabilization is achieved.
GROUND STABILIZATION SPECIFICATION
Stabilize the ground sufficiently so that rain will not dislodge the soil. Use one of the
techniques in the table below:
Temporary Stabilization
Permanent Stabilization
• Temporary grass seed covered with straw or
• Permanent grass seed covered with straw or
other mulches and tackifiers
other mulches and tackifiers
• Hydroseeding
• Geotextile fabrics such as permanent soil
• Rolled erosion control products with or
reinforcement matting
without temporary grass seed
• Hydroseeding
• Appropriately applied straw or other mulch
• Shrubs or other permanent plantings covered
• Plastic sheeting
with mulch
• Uniform and evenly distributed ground cover
sufficient to restrain erosion
• Structural methods such as concrete, asphalt or
retaining walls
• Rolled erosion control products with grass seed
POLYACRYLAMIDES (PAMS) AND FLOCCULANTS
1. Select flocculants that are appropriate for the soils being exposed during
construction, selecting from the NC DWR List of Approved PAMS/Flocculonts.
2. Apply flocculants at or before the inlets to Erosion and Sediment Control Measures.
3. Apply flocculants at the concentrations specified in the NC DWR List of Approved
PAMS/Flocculonts and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
4. Provide ponding area for containment of treated Stormwater before discharging
offsite.
5. Store flocculants in leak -proof containers that are kept under storm -resistant cover
or surrounded by secondary containment structures.
EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
1. Maintain vehicles and equipment to prevent discharge of fluids.
2. Provide drip pans under any stored equipment.
3. Identify leaks and repair as soon as feasible, or remove leaking equipment from the
project.
4. Collect all spent fluids, store in separate containers and properly dispose as
hazardous waste (recycle when possible).
5. Remove leaking vehicles and construction equipment from service until the problem
has been corrected.
6. Bring used fuels, lubricants, coolants, hydraulic fluids and other petroleum products
to a recycling or disposal center that handles these materials.
LITTER, BUILDING MATERIAL AND LAND CLEARING WASTE
1. Never bury or burn waste. Place litter and debris in approved waste containers.
2. Provide a sufficient number and size of waste containers (e.g dumpster, trash
receptacle) on site to contain construction and domestic wastes.
3. Locate waste containers at least 50 feet away from storm drain inlets and surface
waters unless no other alternatives are reasonably available.
4. Locate waste containers on areas that do not receive substantial amounts of runoff
from upland areas and does not drain directly to a storm drain, stream or wetland.
5. Cover waste containers at the end of each workday and before storm events or
provide secondary containment. Repair or replace damaged waste containers.
6. Anchor all lightweight items in waste containers during times of high winds.
7. Empty waste containers as needed to prevent overflow. Clean up immediately if
containers overflow.
8. Dispose waste off -site at an approved disposal facility.
9. On business days, clean up and dispose of waste in designated waste containers.
PAINT AND OTHER LIQUID WASTE
1. Do not dump paint and other liquid waste into storm drains, streams or wetlands.
2. Locate paint washouts at least 50 feet away from storm drain inlets and surface
waters unless no other alternatives are reasonably available.
3. Contain liquid wastes in a controlled area.
4. Containment must be labeled, sized and placed appropriately for the needs of site.
5. Prevent the discharge of soaps, solvents, detergents and other liquid wastes from
construction sites.
PORTABLE TOILETS
1. Install portable toilets on level ground, at least 50 feet away from storm drains,
streams or wetlands unless there is no alternative reasonably available. If 50 foot
offset is not attainable, provide relocation of portable toilet behind silt fence or place
on a gravel pad and surround with sand bags.
2. Provide staking or anchoring of portable toilets during periods of high winds or in high
foot traffic areas.
3. Monitor portable toilets for leaking and properly dispose of any leaked material.
Utilize a licensed sanitary waste hauler to remove leaking portable toilets and replace
with properly operating unit.
EARTHEN STOCKPILE MANAGEMENT
1. Show stockpile locations on plans. Locate earthen -material stockpile areas at least
50 feet away from storm drain inlets, sediment basins, perimeter sediment controls
and surface waters unless it can be shown no other alternatives are reasonably
available.
2. Protect stockpile with silt fence installed along toe of slope with a minimum offset of
five feet from the toe of stockpile.
3. Provide stable stone access point when feasible.
4. Stabilize stockpile within the timeframes provided on this sheet and in accordance
with the approved plan and any additional requirements. Soil stabilization is defined
as vegetative, physical or chemical coverage techniques that will restrain accelerated
erosion on disturbed soils for temporary or permanent control needs.
NORTH CAROLINA► .�.{ Environmental Quality
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CONCRETE WASHOUTS
1. Do not discharge concrete or cement slurry from the site.
2. Dispose of, or recycle settled, hardened concrete residue in accordance with local
and state solid waste regulations and at an approved facility.
3. Manage washout from mortar mixers in accordance with the above item and in
addition place the mixer and associated materials on impervious barrier and within
lot perimeter silt fence.
4. Install temporary concrete washouts per local requirements, where applicable. If an
alternate method or product is to be used, contact your approval authority for
review and approval. If local standard details are not available, use one of the two
types of temporary concrete washouts provided on this detail.
5. Do not use concrete washouts for dewatering or storing defective curb or sidewalk
sections. Stormwater accumulated within the washout may not be pumped into or
discharged to the storm drain system or receiving surface waters. Liquid waste must
be pumped out and removed from project.
6. Locate washouts at least 50 feet from storm drain inlets and surface waters unless it
can be shown that no other alternatives are reasonably available. At a minimum,
install protection of storm drain inlet(s) closest to the washout which could receive
spills or overflow.
7. Locate washouts in an easily accessible area, on level ground and install a stone
entrance pad in front of the washout. Additional controls may be required by the
approving authority.
8. Install at least one sign directing concrete trucks to the washout within the project
limits. Post signage on the washout itself to identify this location.
9. Remove leavings from the washout when at approximately 75% capacity to limit
overflow events. Replace the tarp, sand bags or other temporary structural
components when no longer functional. When utilizing alternative or proprietary
products, follow manufacturer's instructions.
10. At the completion of the concrete work, remove remaining leavings and dispose of
in an approved disposal facility. Fill pit, if applicable, and stabilize any disturbance
caused by removal of washout.
HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES AND RODENTICIDES
1. Store and apply herbicides, pesticides and rodenticides in accordance with label
restrictions.
2. Store herbicides, pesticides and rodenticides in their original containers with the
label, which lists directions for use, ingredients and first aid steps in case of
accidental poisoning.
3. Do not store herbicides, pesticides and rodenticides in areas where flooding is
possible or where they may spill or leak into wells, stormwater drains, ground water
or surface water. If a spill occurs, clean area immediately.
4. Do not stockpile these materials onsite.
HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTE
1. Create designated hazardous waste collection areas on -site.
2. Place hazardous waste containers under cover or in secondary containment.
3. Do not store hazardous chemicals, drums or bagged materials directly on the ground.
NCGO I GROUND STABILIZATION AND MATERIALS HANDLING
EFFECTIVE: 04/01/19

PART III
SELF -INSPECTION, RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING
SECTION A: SELF -INSPECTION
Self -inspections are required during normal business hours in accordance with the table
below. When adverse weather or site conditions would cause the safety of the inspection
personnel to be in jeopardy, the inspection may be delayed until the next business day on
which it is safe to perform the inspection. In addition, when a storm event of equal to or
greater than 1.0 inch occurs outside of normal business hours, the self -inspection shall be
performed upon the commencement of the next business day. Any time when inspections
were delayed shall be noted in the Inspection Record.
Frequency
Inspect
(during normal
Inspection records must include:
business hours)
(1) Rain gauge
Daily
Daily rainfall amounts.
maintained in
If no daily rain gauge observations are made during weekend or
good workin;
holiday periods, and no individual -day rainfall information is
order
available, record the cumulative rain measurement for those un-
attended days (anc this will determine if a site inspection is
needed). Days on which no rainfall occurred shall be recorded as
"zero." The permittee may use another rain -monitoring device
approved by the Division.
(2) E&SC
At least once per
1. Identification of the measures inspected,
Measures
7 calendar days
2. Date and time of the inspection,
and within 24
3. Name of the person performing the inspection,
hours of a rain
4. Indication of whether the measures were operating
event > 1.0 inch in
properly,
24 hours
S. Description of maintenance needs for the measure,
6. Description, evidence, and date of corrective actions taken.
(3) Stormwater
At least once per
1. Identification of the discharge outfalls inspected,
discharge
7 calendar days
2. Date and time of the inspection,
outfalls (SDCs)
and within 24
3. Name of the person performing the inspection,
hours of a rain
4. Evidence of indicators of stormwater pollution such as oil
event > 1.0 inch in
sheen, floating or suspended solids or discoloration,
24 hours
5. Indication of visible sediment leaving the site,
6. Description, evidence, and date of corrective actions taken.
(4) Perimeter of
At least once per
If visible sedimentation is found outside site limits, then a record
site
7 calendar days
of the following shall be made:
and within 24
1. Actions taken to clean up or stabilize the sediment that has left
hours of a rain
the site limits,
event > 1.0 inch in
2. Description, evidence, and date of corrective actions taken, and
24 hours
3. An explanation as to the actions taken to control future
releases.
(5) Streams or
At least once per
If the stream or wetland has increased visible sedimentation or a
wetlands onsite
7 calendar days
stream has visible increased turbidity from the construction
or offsite
and within 24
activity, then a record of the following shall be made:
(where
hours of a rain
1. Description, evidence and date of corrective actions taken, and
accessible)
event > 1.0 inch in
2. Records of the required reports to the appropriate Division
24 hours
Regional Office per Part 111, Section C, Item (2)(a) of this permit.
(6) Ground
After each phase
1. The phase of grading (installation of perimeter E&SC
stabilization
of grading
measures, clearing and grubbing, installation of storm
measures
drainage facilities, completion of all land -disturbing
activity, construction or redevelopment, permanent
ground cover).
2. Documentation that the required ground stabilization
measures have been provided within the required
timeframe or an assurance that they will be provided as
soon as possible.
NOTE: The rain inspection resets the required 7 calendar day inspection requirement
PART III
SELF -INSPECTION, RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING
SECTION B: RECORDKEEPING
1. E&SC Plan Documentation
The approved E&SC plan as well as any approved deviation shall be kept on the site. The
approved E&SC plan must be kept up-to-date throughout the coverage under this permit
The following items pertaining to the E&SC plan shall be kept on site and available for
inspection at all times during normal business hours.
Item to Document
Documentation Requirements
(a) Each E&SC measure has been installed
Initial and date each E&SC measure on a copy
and does not significantly deviate from the
of the approved E&SC plan or complete, date
locations, dimensions and relative elevztions
and sign an inspection report that lists each
shown on the approved E&SC plan.
E&SC measure shown on the approved E&SC
plan. This documentation is required upon the
initial installation of the E&SC measures or if
the E&SC measures are modified after initial
installation.
(b) A phase of grading has been completed.
Initial and date a copy of the approved E&SC
plan or complete, date and sign an inspection
report to indicate completion of the
construction phase.
(c) Ground cover is located and installed
Initial and date a copy of the approved E&SC
in accordance with the approved E&SC
plan or complete, date and sign an inspection
plan.
report to indicate compliance with approved
ground cover specifications.
(d) The maintenance and repair
Complete, date and sign an inspection report.
requirements for all E&SC measures
have been performed.
(e) Corrective actions have been taken
Initial and date a copy of the approved E&SC
to E&SC measures.
plan or complete, date and sign an inspection
report to indicate the completion of the
corrective action.
2. Additional Documentation to be Kept on Site
In addition to the E&SC plan documents above, the following items shall be kept on the
site and available for inspectors at all times during normal business hours, unless the
Division provides a site -specific exemption based on unique site conditions that make
this requirement not practical:
(a) This General Permit as well as the Certificate of Coverage, after it is received.
(b) Records of inspections made during the previous twelve months. The permittee shall
record the required observations on the Inspection Record Form provided by the
Division or a similar inspection form that includes all the required elements. Use of
electronically -available records in lieu of the required paper copies will be allowed if
shown to provide equal access and utility as the hard -copy records.
3. Documentation to be Retained for Three Years
All data used to complete the e-NOI and all inspection records shall be maintained for a period
of three years after project completion and made available upon request. [40 CFR 122.41]
PART II, SECTION G, ITEM (4)
DRAW DOWN OF SEDIMENT BASINS FOR MAINTENANCE OR CLOSE OUT
Sediment basins and traps that receive runoff from drainage areas of one acre or more shall use outlet structures that withdraw water from the surface when these devices need to be drawn down
for maintenance or close out unless this is infeasible. The circumstances in which it is not feasible to withdraw water from the surface shall be rare (for example, times with extended cold weather).
Non -surface withdrawals from sediment basins shall be allowed only when all of the following criteria have been met:
(a) The E&SC plan authority has been provided with documentation of the non -surface withdrawal and the specific time periods or conditions in which it will occur. The non -surface withdrawal
shall not commence until the E&SC plan authority has approved these items,
(b) The non -surface withdrawal has been reported as an anticipated bypass in accordance with Part III, Section C, Item (2)(c) and (d) of this permit,
(c) Dewatering discharges are treated with controls to minimize discharges of pollutants from stormwater that is removed from the sediment basin. Examples of appropriate controls include
properly sited, designed and maintained dewatering tanks, weir tanks, and filtration systems,
(d) Vegetated, upland areas of the sites or a properly designed stone pad is used to the extent feasible at the outlet of the dewatering treatment devices described in Item (c) above,
(e) Velocity dissipation devices such as check dams, sediment traps, and riprap are provided at the discharge points of all dewatering devices, and
(f) Sediment removed from the dewatering treatment devices described in Item (c) above is disposed of in a manner that does not cause deposition of sediment into waters of the United States.
PART III
SELF -INSPECTION, RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING
SECTION C: REPORTING
1. Occurrences that Must be Reported
Permittees shall report the following occurrences:
(a) Visible sediment deposition in a stream or wetland.
(b) Oil spills if:
• They are 25 gallons or more,
• They are less than 25 gallons but cannot be cleaned up within 24 hours,
• They cause sheen on surface waters (regardless of volume), or
• They are within 100 feet of surface waters (regardless of volume).
(c) Releases of hazardous substances in excess of reportable quantities under Section 311
of the Clean Water Act (Ref: 40 CFR 110.3 and 40 CFR 117.3) or Section 102 of CERCLA
(Ref: 40 CFR 302.4) or G.S. 143-215.85.
(d) Anticipated bypasses and unanticipated bypasses.
(e) Noncompliance with the conditions of this permit that may endanger health or the
environment.
2. Reporting Timeframes and Other Requirements
After a permittee becomes aware of an occurrence that must be reported, he shall contact
the appropriate Division regional office within the timeframes and in accordance with the
other requirements listed below. Occurrences outside normal business hours may also be
reported to the Department's Environmental Emergency Center personnel at (800)
858-0368.
Occurrence
Reporting Timeframes (After Discovery) and Other Requirements
(a) Visible sediment
•
Within 24 hours, an oral or electronic notification.
deposition in a
•
Within 7 calendar days, a report that contains a description of the
stream or wetland
sediment and actions taken to address the cause of the deposition.
Division staff may waive the requirement for a written report on a
case -by -case basis.
•
If the stream is named on the NC 303(d) list as impaired for sediment -
related causes, the permittee may be required to perform additional
monitoring, inspections or apply more stringent practices if staff
determine that additional requirements are needed to assure compliance
with the federal or state impaired -waters conditions.
(b) Oil spills and
•
Within 24 hours, an oral or electronic notification. The notification
release of
shall include information about the date, time, nature, volume and
hazardous
location of the spill cr release.
substances per Item
1(b)-(c) above
•
A report at least ten days before the date of the bypass, if possible.
(c) Anticipated
bypasses [40 CFR
The report shall include an evaluation of the anticipated quality and
122.41(m)(3)]
effect of the bypass.
(d) Unanticipated
•
Within 24 hours, an oral or electronic notification.
bypasses [40 CFR
•
Within 7 calendar days, a report that includes an evaluation of the
122.41(m)(3)]
quality and effect of the bypass.
(e) Noncompliance
•
Within 24 hours, an oral or electronic notification.
with the conditions
•
Within 7 calendar days, a report that contains a description of the
of this permit that
noncompliance, and its causes; the period of noncompliance,
may endanger
including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not
health or the
been corrected, the anticipated time noncompliance is expected to
environment[40
continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and
CFR 122.41(I)(7)]
prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance. [40 CFR 122.41(I)(6).
•
Division staff may waive the requirement for a written report on a
case -by -case basis.
NCGO I SELF -INSPECTION, RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING
' : * NORTH CAROLINA
: 1:{ Environmental Quality
EFFECTIVE: 04/01/19

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TOP AND BOTTOM STRAND r w O VARIABLE 1/4 WIRE MESH r w O
SHALL BE 10 GAUGE MIN. 24" MAX. r O USE NO. 5 OR NO. 57 STONE FOR SEDIMENT DIMENSION i * r O
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USE HARDWARE CLOTH 24 GAUGE WIRE MESH 2 ft
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LL SPACE POSTS A MAXIMUM OF 3 FT.
NOTES <FOR INSTALLATION BETWEEN SECTIONS OF 1 O
0 J SILT FENCE, EXTEND SEDIMENT CONTROL /4 WIRE MESH 0 V
USE GEOTEXTILE A MINIMUM OF o F-I STONE A MINIMUM OF 12" ON EACH SIDE OF SEDIMENT CONTROL STONE
GEOTEXTILE O SPECIAL SEDIMENT CONTROL FENCE SECTION.
36" IN WIDTH AND FASTEN ADEQUATELY Q Q Z
COMPACTED FILL o � 1 ft min o W
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FOR MECHANICAL SLICING METHOD O
INSTALLATION, GEOTEXTILE SHALL
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SURFACE. EXTENSION OF GEOTEXTILE AND
WIRE INTO TRENCH SHEET 1 OF 1 SHEET 1 OF 1
1605.0111 1606.01
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LOCATE ENTRANCES TO PROVIDE FOR UTILIZATION
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MUST BE MAINTAINED IN A CONDITION WHICH WILL PREVENT
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PERIODIC TOPDRESSING WITH STONE WILL BE NECESSARY.
o
4.
ANY MATERIAL TRACKED ONTO THE ROADWAY MUST BE
r
CLEANED UP IMMEDIATELY.
5.
LOCATE GRAVEL CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE AT ALL POINTS OF
INGRESS AND EGRESS UNTIL SITE IS STABILIZED. PROVIDE
FREQUENT CHECKS OF THE DEVICE AND TIMELY MAINTENANCE.
6.
NUMBER AND LOCATION OF CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCES TO
LLI
BE DETERMINED BY THE ENGINEER.
V
7.
USE CLASS 'A' STONE OR OTHER COARSE AGGREGATE APPROVED
0
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BY THE ENGINEER.
8.
INSTALL CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCES IN A WAY TO PREVENT VEHICLES
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FROM BYPASSING CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE LEAVING PROJECT SITE.
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1607.01

STAPLE
CHECK
III � -III
10" B
1 079
C 6 99
MATTING IN DITCHES
18 ►►
(MIN.)
BACKFILL—\
6 it
(MIN.)
MATTING SHALL BE
PLACED IN TRENCH
AND BACKFILLED
6 ►►
EXISTING
GROUND
STAPLES ON
1' CENTERS
IN TRENCH
MIN
STAPLES ON
1' CENTERS
IN TRENCH
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NOTES
THIS DETAIL APPLIES TO STRAW, EXCELSIOR, COIR FIBER MAT AND PERMANENT SOIL REINFORCEMENT MAT
(PSRM) INSTALLATION AND AS DIRECTED.
STAPLES SHALL BE NO. 11 GAUGE STEEL WIRE FORMED INTO A "U" SHAPE WITH A MINIMUM THROAT WIDTH OF 1
INCH AND NOT LESS THAN 6 INCHES IN LENGTH.
NOT TO SCALE
SHEET 1 OF 1
1631 .01

FLOW
SEDIMENT CONTROL STONE
STRUCTURAL STC
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2/3 CHANNEL
WIDTH
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SECTION A -A
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NOTES
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EROSION
STONE.
NO. 57
CONTROL STONE
STONE FOR SEDIMENT
1' MIN
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ONSITE CONCRETE
WASHOUT STRUCTURE
ORANCE
SAFETY
10'-0" MIN.
ORANGE, UV RESISTANT,
FENCE ON
A
HIGH -TENSILE STRENGTH, POLY
3 SIDES
BARRICADE FABRIC, TYPICAL
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SECTION A -A
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NOTES:
.-• '.'::,""•`._ _:. `�:- �',
8" THICK MIN. 1. ACTUAL LOCATION DETERMINED IN FIELD
Y -
"CLASS A" STONE
UNDERLAIN 2. THE CONCRETE WASHOUT STRUCTURES SHALL BE
`' ." ' ' WITH GEOTEXTILE
• '.. MAINTAINED TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE HOLDING
• •:::4 •,• ..:.:•:: `• .: (SEE NOTE 3)
+'R - < "'• CAPACITY WITH A MINIMUM FREEBOARD OF 12 INCHES.
PLAN
3. STONE GRAVEL PAD CONSTRUCTED WITH "CLASS A"
STONE OR OTHER AGGREGATE MATERIAL APPROVED
BY ENGINEER.
BELOW GRADE WASHOUT STRUCTURE
NOT TO SCALE
ORANGE, UV RESISTANT,
ORANCE
SAFETY HIGH -TENSILE STRENGTH, POLY
HIGH
10'-0" MIN.
FENCE ON BARRICADE FABRIC, TYPICAL
COHESIVE &
B
3 SIDES WOVEN WIRE FABRIC SANDBAGS (TYP.)
LOW FILTRATION
HIGH
SOIL BERM
STEEL POST 10 MIL COHESIVE &
0 CD CD
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NOTES:
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'
.v 1. ACTUAL LOCATION DETERMINED IN FIELD
8" THICK MIN. 2. THE CONCRETE WASHOUT STRUCTURES
"CLASS A" STONE SHALL BE MAINTAINED TO PROVIDE
+• .'
UNDERLAIN ADEQUATE HOLDING CAPACITY WITH A
' ' : • '~ WITH GEOTEXTILE MINIMUM FREEBOARD OF 12 INCHES.
(SEE NOTE 3)
PLAN
3. STONE GRAVEL PAD CONSTRUCTED WITH
"CLASS A" STONE OR OTHER AGGREGATE
MATERIAL APPROVED BY ENGINEER.
ABOVE GRADE WASHOUT STRUCTURE
NOT TO SCALE

Mpo A Y ROCK SILT CHECK TYPE ' A ' WITH
LSIOR MATTING AND
SEDIMENT CONTROL STONE
STRUCTURAL STONE
EXCELSIOR
MATTING
POLYACRYLAMIDE
NOTES:
(PAM)
FLOW INSTALL TEMPORARY ROCK SILT CHECK TYPE A IN
Bo-��� / ACCORDANCE WITH ROADWAY STANDARD DRAWING N0. 1633-01.
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PLAN
2/3 CHANNEL
WIDTH
1' M I N Oo �o o
EXCELSIOR
MATTING
SECTION A -A
O
See Inset A
USE EXCELSIOR
FOR
MATTING
MATERIAL AND ANCHOR
MATTING SECTION
AT
TOP AND
BOTTOM WITH CLASS B STONE.
PRIOR TO POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAM) APPLICATION, OBTAIN
A SOIL SAMPLE FROM PROJECT LOCATION, AND FROM OFFSITE
MATERIAL, AND ANALYZE FOR APPROPRIATE PAM FLOCCULANT
TO BE APPLIED TO EACH ROCK SILT CHECK.
INITIALLY APPLY
TO TOP OF MATTING
EVENT THAT EQUALS
H=
4 OUNCES OF
SECTION AND
OR EXCEEDS
INSET A
CLASS B STONE
POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAM)
AFTER EVERY RAINFALL
0.50 INCHES.
1' MIN F�w MIN
12"
o D o 7
o�oo
o D ooD o
2' M I N 9 O
SECTION B-B
EXCELSIOR
MATTING
CLASS B STONE
NOT TO SCALE

SITE AREA DESCRIPTION
STABILIZATION
TIMEFRAME EXCEPTIONS
PERIMETER DIKES, SWALES, DITCHES AND SLOPES
7 DAYS
NONE
HIGH OLIALITY WATER (HOW) ZONES
7 DAYS
NONE
SLOPES STEEPER THAN 3:1
7 DAYS
IF SLOPES ARE 10' OR LESS IN LENGTH AND ARE
NOT STEEPER THAN 2:1, 14 DAYS ARE ALLOWED.
SLOPES 3:IOR FLATTER
14 DAYS
7 DAYS FOR SLOPES GREATER THAN 50'IN
LENGTH.
ALL OTHER AREAS WITH SLOPES FLATTER THAN 4:1
14 DAYS
NONE. EXCEPT FOR PERIMETERS AND HOW ZONES.
The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with NPDES General
Permit NCGO10000 requirements, including, but not limited to maintaining a
rain gauge on site, documentation of rainfall amounts and dates,
inspections and maintenance of erosion control devices, weekly reports and
any other documentation as required. Additional information and resources
available at http://portal.ncdenr.org/web4r/erosion.
— — TIE \
ROAD
0
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES
sta. a Description Symbol
1e05.01 Temporary Sift i.... III-M IH
1606.01 Silt Fence Outlet— . - - - - - 2z
1630.05 Temporary Diversion ------------------------ - - ---+ TD --- 0 --- 0
1633.01 Temporary Roche Silt Check Type -A- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1635.02 Rock Pipe Inlet ScAi iYnent Trap Type-B..... BO0
V
B so
°°°°°°°°
°°°°°°
° °
°°°°°°
Temp. Tree Prot. lFenee------------ —TPF—TPF TPF
50' 25' 0 50' 100'
SCALE: 1" = 50'
NOTE:
PLACE TEMPORARY ROCK SEDIMENT DAMS TYPE — B
AND TEMPORARY ROCK SILT CHECKS TYPE — A AT
DRAINAGE OUTLETS.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREA
SEE PROJECT SPECIAL PROVISIONS
CLEARING AND GRUBBING
EROSION CONTROL FOR
CONSTRUCTION SHEET 04
Skimmer Basin --------------------------------------------

SAFETY FENCE
O O
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LIMIT OF
DISTURBANCE
TIE ACCESS ROAD TO
ROAD BY OTHERS
50' x 12'
CONSTRUCTION
ENTRANCE
15' x 15'
CONCRETE
WASHOUT
COVER STAGING &
STOCKPILE AREA WITH
A 4 INCH LAYER OF
CLASS 'A' STONE
OVER GEOTEXTILE.
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES
sta. Description Symhol
SITE AREA DESCRIPTION
STABILIZATION
TIMEFRAME EXCEPTIONS
PERIMETER DIKES, SWALES. DITCHES AND SLOPES
7 DAYS
NONE
HIGH OLIALITY WATER (HOW) ZONES
7 DAYS
NONE
SLOPES STEEPER THAN 3:1
7 DAYS
IF SLOPES ARE 10' OR LESS IN LENGTH AND ARE
NOT STEEPER THAN 2:1, 14 DAYS ARE ALLOWED.
SLOPES 3:IOR FLATTER
14 DAYS
7 DAYS FOR SLOPES GREATER THAN 50'IN
LENGTH.
ALL OTHER AREAS WITH SLOPES FLATTER THAN 4:1
14 DAYS
NONE. EXCEPT FOR PERIMETERS AND HOW ZONES.
N
PROPOSED BL CK
RETAINING WAL
(BY OTHERS) co
50' JURISDICTIONV II
OFFSET BUFFER
PROPOSED BLOCK
RETAINING WALL
(BY OTHERS)
STAGING &
STOCKPILE
AREA
SAFETY FENCE
The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with NPDES General
Permit NCGO10000 requirements, including, but not limited to maintaining a
rain gauge on site, documentation of rainfall amounts and dates,
inspections and maintenance of erosion control devices, weekly reports and
any other documentation as required. Additional information and resources
available at http://portal.ncdenr.org/web4r/erosion.
_.
♦ ROP S D
UFE R AD
C BT E C
-I N
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N
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24° 22" 5
- - W
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RETAI I
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PRO OSEDo BLOCK
RET
INCH WALL
(TIE
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1
1
-
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(WALL N
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50' JURISDICTIONAL
OFFSET BUFFER (TYP.)
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PROPOSED BLOCK
IRETAINING WALL
(BY OTHERS)
50' 25'
SCALE: 1" = 50'
8�VH
FINAL GRADING
EROSION CONTROL FOR
CONSTRUCTION SHEET 04
ALL DISTURBED AREAS TO BE
COVERED WITH STRAW &
TACK BY THE END OF EACH
WORK DAY. (STRAW = 2
TONS/AC, TACK=400 GAVAC)
I
1 \
1 -
1 LIMIT OF
R S ; DISTURBANCE \
.00- 1 \ \
1 \
1 TIE ACCESS ROAD TO
ROAD BY OTHERS \ \
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\ BZ \ \
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Install Coir Fiber Matting
to Stabilize Overbanks
1606.01
SIllf Fence Oudef - -
1630.05
Temporary DIlQ'e]C°sIl®Il➢ .............................
TD
Place Matting for Erosion Control
on Slope as Work Allows.
1633.01
Temporary Rock SIllf Check Type -A ..................
Sta. 11 + 00 to Sta. 11 + 50 —L—
LT
Sta. 12 + 70 to Sta. 13 + 25 -L-
LT
1635.02
mm
Rock Pipe Inlet Sednene Trip Type-I�
°° °°
B R No
°°°°°°°°°
Sta. 11 + 20 to Sta. 11 + 50 -L-
RT
Sta. 12 + 70 to Sta. 13 + 2 0 -L-
RT
1632.03®ck
Inlef Sedae�f Trap Type
°°°°°°a�o
C
° °
°°°°°°
Tempo Tree Prot. Fence- - - - - - - - - - - - — TPF
TPF TPF
Skimmer Basin -----------

PLANTING DETAILS
SEEDLING / LINER BAREROOT PLANTING DETAIL
HEALING IN
1. Locate a healing -in site in a shady, well
protected area.
2. Excavate a flat bottom trench
12 inches deep and provide drainage.
3. Backfill the trench with 2 inches well
rotted sawdust. Place a 2 inch layer of
well rotted sawdust at a sloping angle
at one end of the trench. 1z
4. Place a single layer of plants
against the sloping end so that
the root collar is at ground level.
5. Place a 2 inch layer of well rotted
sawdust over the roots maintaining
a sloping angle.
6. Repeat layers of plants and sawdust
as necessary and water thoroughly.
DIBBLE PLANTING METHOD
USING THE KBC PLANTING BAR
1. Insert planting bar
as shown and pull handle
toward planter.
4. Pull handle of bar
toward planter, firming
soil at bottom.
2. Remove planting bar
and place seedling at
correct depth.
N
5. Push handle forward
firming soil at top.
PLANTING NOTES:
PLANTING BAG
During planting, seedlings n
shall be kept in a moist I
canvas bag or similar I I
container to prevent the
root systems from drying.
Al
KBC PLANTING BAR
Planting bar shall have a
blade with a triangular
cross section, and shall
be 12 inches long,
4 inches wide and
1 inch thick at center.
ROOT PRUNING
All seedlings shall be root
pruned, if necessary, so that
no roots extend more than
10 inches below the
root collar.
3. Insert planting bar
2 inches toward planter
from seedling.
6. Leave compaction
hole open. Water
thoroughly.
STATE
PROJECT REFERENCE NO.
SHEET
NO.
TOTAL
SHEF S
N.C.
481727
RF-1

C
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N+
ON
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Nam=
VICINITY MAP
GRAPHIC SCALES
50 25 0 50 100
PLANS
50 25 0 50 100
PROFILE (HORIZONTAL)
10 5 0 10 20
` PROFILE (VERTICAL)
ACCESS ROAD
LOCATION. WAKE COUNTY
BUFFER IMPACTS PERMIT
Prepared in the Office of.
Michael Baker Engineering, Inc.
8000 Regency Pkwy
Michael Baker Suite 600
Cary, NC 27518
INTERNATIONAL NCLicense: F-1084
TODD H. BUCKNER, PE
PROJECT ENGINEER
DOCUMENT NOT CONSIDERED FINAL
1NLESS ALL SIGNATURES COMPLETED
HYDRAULICS ENGINEER
P.E.
ROADWAY DESIGN
ENGINEER
P.E.
SIGNATURE.

ALLOWABLE IMPACTS ZONE 1
►����iiliili7
ALLOWABLE IMPACTS ZONE 2
290
280
270
M
a 240
c
SITE 1
II
II
I
I
J/JI
Ie
PROJECT REFERENCE NO. I SHEET NO.
481727 4
/ \ W SHEET NO.
\ ROADWAY DESIGN HYDRAULICS
ENGINEER ENGINEER
I \
(�50' 25' 0 50' \ -A00'
\ SCALE: 1"=100'
\ \ DOCUMENT NOT CONSIDERED FINAL
UNLESS ALL SIGNATURES COMPLETED
\\\ \\\ BUFFER DRAWING
\ SHEET 2 OF 3
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9'L1 Iz \\\
1 10 11 12 13 14 1

RIPARIAN BUFFER IMPACTS SUMMARY
IMPACTS
BUFFER
TYPE ALLOWABLE MITIGABLE REPLACEMENT
Site Station Structure ROAD PARALLEL
No. (From/To) Size / Type CROSSING IMPACT BRIDGE ZONE 1 ZONE 2 TOTAL ZONE 1 ZONE 2 TOTAL ZONE 1 ZONE 2
ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1
12+18-L-
BRIDGE
X
6404
5645
12049
0
TOTALS*:
6404
1 5645
1 12049
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
0
NOTES:
2018 Feb

SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION CONTROL
NARRATIVE
Crabtree Creek Bridge
for
Wake Stone Corporation
February 03, 2020
PREPARED BY:
C A RQ4
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NCI NEB
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SUNGATE DESIGN GROUP, P.A.
905 JONES FRANKLIN ROAD
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27606
TEL [phone]
ENG FIRM LICENSE NO. C-890

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
PAGE
NARRATIVE......................................................................................... I
MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS............................................................2
VEGETATIVE PLAN...............................................................................3
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE...................................................................6
STABILIZATION GUIDELINES..................................................................7
VICINITY MAP......................................................................................8
ROADWAY PROFILE..............................................................................9
SOIL SURVEY MAP................................................................................10
USGSQUAD MAP..................................................................................11
EROSION CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS & PROVISIONS...............................13
NCDEQ S&EC CHECKLIST.....................................................................58

NARRATIVE
Wake Stone Quarry located next to Umstead State Park in Wake County is
proposing to construct a bridge across Crabtree Creek. The proposed bridge will be 100
feet in length with vertical abutments. The proposed Wake Stone bridge will span the
floodplain and will use a concrete retaining wall to build the proposed road and bridge to
grade. This project is being designed for Wake Stone Corporation on private lands owned
by Wake Stone Corporation.
This project is located within Wake County. The present property is undeveloped
woodland. The surrounding land use is undeveloped woodland, private roadway, and
quarry. The site has steep natural and manmade slopes. It is located within the Neuse
River Basin and drains to Crabtree Creek (Crabtree Lake) (27-33-(3.5)bl). Crabtree
Creek (Crabtree Lake) is designated as Class B and NSW waters by NCDEQ and is listed
as "Turbidity Impaired" on the 2018 NC Category 5 Assessments "303(d) List." Crabtree
Creek is shown on Cary, NC (2019) USGS 7.5' Topo Map and 1970 Wake County
NRCS Soil Map (Sheet 37). Wake Stone bridge is proposed to span over Special Flood
Hazard Areas according to FEMA FIRM, panel 0766.
During the clearing and grubbing phase of construction, sediment control fence
will be installed for perimeter erosion control with special sediment control fence around
clearing limits where onsite runoff will be collected. Special sediment control fence will
be placed in low areas to allow for water to drain offsite. Bare areas resulting from the
clearing and grubbing operation will be stabilized in accordance with the stabilization
guidelines as shown in this report and approved erosion control plan. A staging and
stockpile area will be built on -site with a 15' by 15' concrete washout structure and a 50'
by 12' gravel construction entrance for use throughout construction.
During the final grading phase of construction: sediment control fence and special
sediment control fence will be maintained from the clearing and grubbing phase to be
used in the final grading phase. Fill slopes are to be covered in accordance with the
stabilization guidelines.

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
1. All erosion and sediment control practices will be checked for stability and
operation following every runoff -producing rainfall but in no case less than
once every week. Any needed repairs will be made immediately to maintain
all practices as designed.
2. Sediment will be removed from behind the sediment fence when it becomes
approximately 0.5 feet deep at the fence. The sediment fence will be repaired
as necessary to maintain a barrier.
All seeded areas will be fertilized, reseeded as necessary, and mulched
according to specifications in the vegetative plan to maintain a vigorous,
dense vegetative cover.

VEGETATIVE PLAN
Seedbed Preparation
1. Chisel compacted areas and spread topsoil 2 to 3 inches deep over adverse soil
conditions, if available.
2. Rip the entire area to a depth of not less than 5 inches, unless directed otherwise.
3. Remove all loose rock, roots and other obstructions 3 inches or larger on median,
leaving surface reasonably smooth and uniform.
4. Apply agricultural lime, fertilizer and superphosphate uniformly and mix with soil
(see mixture below).
5. Continue tillage until a well -pulverized, firm, reasonably uniform seedbed is
prepared 2 to 3 inches deep.
6. Seed on a freshly prepared seedbed and cover seed lightly with seeding equipment
or cultipack after seeding.
7. Mulch within 24 hours after seeding and anchor mulch.
8. Inspect all seeded areas and make necessary repairs or reseedings within the
planting season, if possible. If stand should be more than 60% damaged, re-
establish following the original lime, fertilizer and seeding rates.
Mixture
Agricultural Limestone 2 tons/acre (3 tons/acre in clay soils)
Fertilizer 1,000 lbs/acre—10-10-10
Superphosphate 500 lbs/acre — 20% analysis
Mulch 2 tons/acre — small grain straw
Anchor Asphalt emulsion at 400 gals/acre
c1

Seeding Schedule
For Shoulders, Side Ditches, Slopes (Max 3:1):
Date Type Planting
Aug 15— Tall Fescue 300 lbs/acre
Nov 1
Nov 1— Tall Fescue & Abruzzi Rye 300 lbs/acre
Mar 1
Mar 1 Tall Fescue 300 lbs/acre
Apr 15
Apr 15— Hulled Common Bermudagrass 25 lbs/acre
Jun 30
Jul 1— 125 lbs/acre (Tall Fescue); 35 lbs/acre
Aug 15 Tall Fescue AND Browntop Millet (Browntop Millet); 301bs/acre (Sorghum -
or Sorghum -Sudan Hybrids*** Sudan Hybrids)
For Shoulders, Side Ditches, Slopes (3:1 to 2:1):
Date Type Planting Rate
Mar 1— Sericea Lespedeza (scarified) and
Jun 1 use the following combinations: SO lbs/acre (Sericea Lespedeza);
Mar 1— Add Tall Fescue 120 lbs/acre
Apr 15
Mar 1— Or add Hulled Common 25 lbs/acre
Jun 30 Bermudagrass
Jun 1— Tall Fescue AND Browntop Mullet 120 lbs/acre (Tall Fescue); 35 lbs/acre
Sept 1 or Sorghum -Sudan Hybrids*** (Browntop Mullet); 30 lbs/acre (Sorghum -
Sudan Hybrids)
Sept 1— Sericea Lespedeza (unhulled —
Mar 1 unscarified) AND Tall Fescue
Nov 1— AND Abruzzi Rye
Mar 1
70 lbs/acre (Sericea Lespedeza); 120 lbs/acre
(Tall Fescue)
25 lbs/acre
The Contractor shall select a nurse crop from the table below that is best suited to the
specific site conditions and characteristics. The nurse crop shall be added to and applied
along with the permanent vegetative mixture.
Consult Erosion Control Design Engineer for additional information concerning other alternatives for
vegetation of denuded areas. The above vegetation rates are those that do well under local conditions; other
seeding rate combinations are possible.
*** TEMPORARY: Reseed according to optimum season for desired permanent vegetation. Do not allow
temporary cover to grow more than 12" in height before mowing; otherwise, fescue may be shaded out.
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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
1. Schedule a preconstruction conference with NCDEQ Erosion Control Officer
and Erosion Control Design Engineer. Obtain a land -disturbing permit.
2. Install gravel construction entrance(s), silt fence, or other erosion control
measures as shown on the approved plan. Clear only as necessary to install
these devices.
3. Begin clearing and grubbing. Maintain devices as needed. Rough grade site.
4. Construct concrete end bents and wing walls for bridge and roadway.
Use suitable fill material to raise grade behind concrete end bents and wing
walls to construct proposed bridge.
6. Construct proposed bridge superstructure over Crabtree Creek.
7. Construct remaining portions of proposed roadway.
Stabilize site as areas are brought up to finish grade with vegetation, paving,
ditch linings, etc. Seed and mulch denuded areas per Ground Stabilization
Time Frames.
9. Complete construction and stabilize all areas.
10. Vegetative planting for reforestation shall be added on streambanks not
covered by rip rap.
11. Once the site is completely stabilized remove silt fence, staging and stockpile
area(s), concrete washout area, etc., and seed out or stabilize any resulting
bare areas.
12. When vegetation has become established, call for a final site inspection by the
Erosion Control Design Engineer.

STABILIZATION GUIDELINES
NPDES Stormwater Discharge Permit for Construction Activities (NCGO1)
NCDENR/Division of Energy, Mineral, and Land Resources
NEW STABILIZATION TIMEFRAMES
aw__
(Effective Aug. 3, 2011)MA
SITE AREA STABILIZATION TIMEFRAME EXCEPTIONS
DESCRIPTION
Perimeter dikes, swales,
7 days
None
ditches, slopes
High Quality Water
7 days
None
(HQW) Zones
Slopes steeper than 3:1
7 days
If slopes are 10' or less in length and
are not steeper than 2:1, 14 days are
allowed.
Slopes 3:1 or flatter
14 days
7 days for slopes greater than 50' in
length.
All other areas with
14 days
None, except for perimeters and HQW
slopes flatter than 4:1
Zones.

VICINITY MAP

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WAKE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA — SHEET NUMBER 37
PAIC., M lr� WmE CgC (Joins sheet 27) 37
F R aF 862 m o G
y. k0 CrG —_ v Ge ti �° 3v40 r. Cg
� �� -� �- Ma
CCgB2
2 � /Crn 1 .G� Ca Cr CrB2 CgB2 � CeD + O �,y C,�`. ? u j C CCC i C WkE % v r CQB2 �!'1'y,F N
B2
GeC G� � EnB2lr/ WmE'.
2 i ti GeE3 d�j CgB CgB2 bV F C , VaB
MfB 14 . �`o to CrC2 CrB2 _ 1 GgC N CgB n APC / U
L , Ge CgEi, CgC I m CgB2 I CgC "Nf4vF CeQ.. `WwF
f-
u
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68
67
Produced by the United States Geological Survey
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). Projection and
N
1 000-meter grid:Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 17S
This map is not a legal document. Boundaries may be
9113'
generalized for this map scale. Private lands within government
164 MILS 1'17
reservations may not be shown. Obtain permission before
23 MILS
entering private lands.
Imagery.....................................................NAIP, May 2016 - November 2016
Roads ......................................... U.S. Census Bureau, 2016
UTM GRIDAND 2019 MAGNETIC NORTH
Names............................................................................GNIS, 1980 - 2017
DFCLINATIONAT CENTER OF SHEET
Hydrography...............................National Hydrography Dataset, 1899 - 2018
Contours............................................National Elevation Dataset, 2008
U.S. National Grid
Boundaries..............Multiple sources; see metadata file 2017 - 2018
100,000-m0SquareiD
0
Wedands.................FWS National Wetlands Inventory 1983
Pv Qv
Grid Zone Desl gnatlon
17S
11

SCALE 1:24 000
1 0.5 0 KILOMETERS 1 2
1000 500 0 METERS 1000 2000
1 0.5 0 1
MILES
1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
FEET
CONTOUR INTERVAL10 FEET
NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988
This map was produced to conform with the
National Geospatial Program US Topo Product Standard, 2011.
A metadata file associated with this product is draft version 0.6.1 8
ROAD CLASSIFICATION
NodlH Expressway Local Connector
RouNA Secondary Hwy Local Road
Ramp 4WD
Interstate Route US Route O State Route
QUADRANGLE LOCATION
1 Southwest Durham
1 2 3 2 Southeast Durham
3 Bayleaf
4 5 4 Green Level 5 Raleigh West
6 New Hill
6 7 s 8 Apex CARY NC
8 Lake Wheeler ,
ADJOINING QUADRANGLES
2019
`vA

Section 1605
DIVISION 16
EROSION CONTROL AND ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT
1 SECTION 1605
2 TEMPORARY SILT FENCE
3 1605-1 DESCRIPTION
4 Furnish material, construct, maintain and remove temporary silt fence in locations shown in
5 the plans or in locations that require surface drainage to be filtered.
6 1605-2 MATERIALS
7 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Geotextile, Type 3 1056
8 (A) Posts
9 Provide steel posts with at least 5 feet long, 1 3/8 inch wide measured parallel to the
10 fence and 1.25 lbs. per foot in weight per length. Equip with an anchor plate with an area
11 of at least 14.0 square inches. Ensure a means of retaining fencing material in the desired
12 position without displacement.
13 (B) Woven Wire Fence
14 Provide woven wire fence at least 32 inches high with 5 horizontal wires, vertical wires
15 spaced 12 inches apart, 10 gauge top and bottom wires and 12 1/2 gauge for all other
16 wires.
17 (C) Attachment Device
18 Provide plastic ties, wire fasteners or other approved attachment device.
19 1605-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
20 Install in locations as shown in the plans or as directed.
21 Install wire and geotextile as shown in Roadway Standard Drawings.
22 Geotextile may be used without the woven wire fence backing with a post spacing of not
23 more than 6 feet.
24 Install post inclined toward runoff source, at an angle of not more than 20' from vertical.
25 Attach geotextile to the post with acceptable methods.
26 Overlap geotextile at least 18 inches at splice joints.
27 1605-4 MAINTENANCE AND REMOVAL
28 Maintain the silt fence until the project is accepted or until the fence is removed. Remove and
29 replace deteriorated or ineffective geotextile. Remove and dispose of silt accumulations in
30 accordance with Section 1630 when necessary or as directed.
31 Leave silt fence in place until site stabilization and remove at project completion. Removed
32 silt fence becomes the property of the Contractor. Dress and seed and mulch all areas where
33 silt fence is removed in accordance with Section 1660.
13 16-1

Section 1606
1 1605-5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
2 Temporary Silt Fence will be measured and paid in linear feet, accepted in place, along the
3 ground line of the fence. Temporary Silt Fence that requires removal and replacement due to
4 general deterioration or ineffective geotextile will be paid at contract unit prices. Repairs to
5 the fence due to carelessness or neglect on the part of the Contractor will be at no cost to the
6 Department.
7 Silt Excavation will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1630-3.
8 Seeding and Mulching will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1660-8.
9 Article 104-5, pertaining to revised contract prices, will not apply to this item. No revision in
10 the contract unit price will be allowed because of any overrun or underrun.
11 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Temporary Silt Fence Linear Foot
12 SECTION 1606
13 SPECIAL SEDIMENT CONTROL FENCE
14 1606-1 DESCRIPTION
15 Furnish materials, construct, maintain and remove special sediment control fence. Place
16 special sediment control fence as shown in the plans or as directed.
17 1606-2 MATERIALS
18 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Sediment Control Stone, Standard Size No. 5 or 57 1005
19 (A) Posts
20 Provide steel posts in accordance with Subarticle 1605-2(A).
21 (B) 1/4" Hardware Cloth
22 Provide hardware cloth with 1/4 inch openings constructed from 24 gauge wire.
23 (C) Attachment Device
24 Provide plastic ties, wire fasteners or other approved attachment device.
25 1606-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
26 Install hardware cloth and sediment control stone in accordance with Roadway Standard
27 Drawings. Attach hardware cloth to post with acceptable methods.
28 Maintain the special sediment control fence until the project is accepted or until the fence is
29 removed. Remove and dispose of silt accumulations at the fence when so directed in
30 accordance with Section 1630.
31 1606-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
32 Silt Excavation will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1630-3.
33 114" Hardware Cloth will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1632-5.
34 Sediment Control Stone will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1610-4.
16-2 14

Section 1610
1 SECTION 1607
2 GRAVEL CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE
3 1607-1 DESCRIPTION
4 Furnish, install, maintain and remove all material required for the construction of a gravel
5 construction entrance.
6 1607-2 MATERIALS
7 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Stone for Erosion Control, Class A 1042
Geotextile for Drainage, Type 2 1056
8 1607-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
9 Install a gravel construction entrance in accordance with Roadway Standard Drawings and at
10 locations as directed. Install gravel construction entrances in a way to prevent vehicles from
11 bypassing the construction entrance when leaving the project site.
12 1607-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
13 Geotextile for Drainage will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 876-4.
14 Stone for Erosion Control, Class will be measured and paid in accordance with
15 Article 1610-4.
16 Such price and payment shall be full compensation for all work covered by this section
17 including all materials, construction, maintenance and removal of a gravel construction
18 entrance.
19 SECTION 1610
20 STONE FOR EROSION CONTROL
21 1610-1 DESCRIPTION
22 Furnish, stockpile if directed, place and maintain an approved stone for construction of
23 erosion control devices at ditches, diversions, swales, pipe inlets, pipe outlets, drainage
24 turnouts and at other locations designated in the plans or as directed. The work includes, but
25 is not limited to, furnishing, weighing, stockpiling, re -handling, placing and maintaining
26 stone; and disposal of any stone not incorporated into the project when necessary.
27 1610-2 MATERIALS
28 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Sediment Control Stone 1005
Stone for Erosion Control 1042
29 Use the class or standard size of stone specified in the contract documents.
30 1610-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
31 Place stone, in locations and to the thickness, widths and lengths as shown in the plans or as
32 directed. Construct erosion control devices in accordance with the plans neatly and uniformly
33 with an even surface and meeting the plans.
34 1610-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
35 Stone For Erosion Control, Class will be measured and paid in tons of each class of stone
36 incorporated into the work, or has been delivered to and stockpiled on the project as directed.
37 Stone placed in the stockpile will not be measured a second time. Measure stone by weighing
15 16-3

Section 1615
in trucks on certified platform scales or other certified weighing devices.
Sediment Control Stone will be measured and paid in tons of stone incorporated into the work,
or has been delivered to and stockpiled on the project as directed. Stone placed in the
stockpile will not be measured a second time. Measure stone by weighing in trucks on
certified platform scales or other certified weighing devices.
6 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Stone For Erosion Control, Class- Ton
Sediment Control Stone Ton
7 SECTION 1615
8 TEMPORARY MULCHING
9 1615-1 DESCRIPTION
10 Furnish, place and secure mulch material to prevent excessive soil erosion during construction
11 operations where it is impossible or impractical to perform permanent seeding and mulching.
12 The actual conditions which occur during the construction of the project will determine the
13 quantity of mulching. The quantity of mulching may be increased, decreased or eliminated
14 entirely as directed. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as alterations in the
15 details of construction or a change in the character of work.
16 1615-2 MATERIALS
17 Refer to Division 10.
Item
Mulch for Erosion Control
Section
1060-5
18 Use undiluted emulsified asphalt or other approved tacking material.
19 1615-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
20 Place temporary mulch promptly at locations on temporarily seeded or non -seeded areas when
21 so directed.
22 Spread mulch uniformly over the area by hand or by means of appropriate mechanical
23 spreaders or blowers to obtain a satisfactory uniform cover. A satisfactory application of
24 temporary mulch on non -seeded areas consists of a sufficient amount to completely and
25 uniformly cover the ground. Apply tack within 24 hours after temporary mulch application.
26 When temporary mulching is performed in conjunction with temporary seeding, apply mulch
27 in accordance with Article 1660-6. Complete mulching and tacking within 24 hours of
28 temporary seeding work. Exercise care to prevent displacement of soil and seed or other
29 damage to areas where temporary seeding is done.
30 Apply a sufficient amount of asphalt or other type binding material when using grain straw to
31 assure that the temporary mulch is properly held in place. Take adequate precautions to
32 prevent damage to traffic, structures, guardrails, traffic control devices or any other
33 appurtenances during the application of binding material. Provide adequate covering or
34 change methods of application as required to prevent such damage. Repair any damage that
35 occurs, including any necessary cleaning.
36 Take sufficient precautions to prevent mulch from entering drainage structures through
37 displacement by wind, water or other causes and promptly remove any blockage to drainage
38 facilities.
16-4 16

Section 1620
1 1615-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
2 Temporary Mulching will be measured and paid in acres, measured along the surface of the
3 ground over which temporary mulch has been placed as directed and accepted.
4 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Temporary Mulching Acre
5 SECTION 1620
6 TEMPORARY SEEDING
7 1620-1 DESCRIPTION
8 Seed and mulch selected areas in advance of the permanent seeding and mulching operations
9 to minimize erosion of graded areas during construction operations. The work includes
10 preparing seedbeds; furnishing, placing and covering fertilizer and seed; furnishing and
11 placing mulch; and other operations necessary for seeding the required areas.
12 Perform temporary seeding promptly at the locations and under any of the following
13 conditions when directed:
14 (A) When it is impossible or impractical to bring an area to the final line, grade and finish so
15 that permanent seeding and mulching operations can be performed without subsequent
16 serious disturbance by additional grading;
17 (B) When erosion occurs or is considered to be potentially substantial on areas of graded
18 roadbed where construction operations are temporarily suspended or where the grading of
19 the roadbed has been completed substantially in advance of the paving construction;
20 (C) During seasons of the year when permanent seeding and mulching is prohibited by the
21 contract;
22 (D) When an immediate cover would be desirable to minimize erosion, siltation or pollution
23 on any area.
24 The actual conditions that occur during the construction of the project will determine the
25 quantity of seed or fertilizer to be used. The quantity of seed or fertilizer may be increased,
26 decreased or eliminated entirely as directed. Such variations in quantity will not be
27 considered as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of the
28 work.
29 1620-2 MATERIALS
30 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Fertilizer 1060-2
Mulch for erosion control 1060-5
Seed 1060-4
31 See the contract for analysis of fertilizer and the kinds of seed.
32 1620-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
33 (A) Seedbed Preparation
34 Scarify areas to be seeded to a depth of not less than 5 inches unless directed otherwise.
35 The soil conditions and topography will determine the required depth of the seedbed.
36 Prepare the surface to be seeded with adequate furrows, ridges, terraces, trenches or other
37 irregularities in which seeding materials can lodge with reasonable assurance that the
38 materials will not be easily displaced by wind, rain or surface runoff.
17 16-5

Section 1620
1 (B) Applying and Covering Fertilizer and Seed
2 The analysis of fertilizer, the kinds of seed and the rates of application of fertilizer and
3 seed shall be as stated in the contract.
4 Apply no fertilizer or seed when the Engineer determines that conditions are unfavorable
5 for such operations.
6 Distribute the fertilizer or seed uniformly over the seedbed at the required rates of
7 applications.
8 Cover fertilizer and seed unless otherwise directed. If covering is required, provide it to
9 the depth acceptable to the Engineer for the prevention of displacement by wind, rain or
10 surface runoff.
11 Mulch all areas temporarily seeded, in accordance with Section 1615, unless otherwise
12 indicated in the contract or as directed.
13 Article 1660-5 will be applicable to the approval of equipment and the protection of
14 traffic, structures, guardrails, traffic control devices and other appurtenances.
15 (C) Mowing and Repair of Temporary Seeding
16 Maintain areas where temporary seeding is performed in a satisfactory condition,
17 including mowing at the locations and times as directed.
18 Repair areas of temporary seeding which have been damaged or have failed. Repair
19 includes reshaping or the placing of additional earth material and repeating the seeding
20 process.
21 1620-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
22 Seed for Temporary Seeding will be measured and paid in pounds. The weight of seed will be
23 determined by bag count of standard weight bags or by weighing the seed.
24 Fertilizer for Temporary Seeding will be measured and paid in tons. The weight of dry
25 fertilizer will be determined by bag count of standard weight bags or by weighing the
26 fertilizer in trucks on certified platform scales or other certified weighing devices.
27 Temporary Mulching will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1615-4.
28 Mowing will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1660-8.
29 Where earthwork an temporary seeding have been adequately constructed, completely
30 drained and properly maintained, and damage occurs due to natural causes, the Contractor
31 will be paid at the contract unit price for the excavated material required for repairs to the
32 damaged earthwork and the contract unit prices for Seed For Temporary Seeding and
33 Fertilizer for Temporary Seeding for correcting the damaged temporary seeding.
34 Repair, at no cost to the Department, any damage to earthwork or temporary seeding which is
35 due to carelessness or neglect on the part of the Contractor.
36 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Seed For Temporary Seeding Pound
Fertilizer For Temporary Seeding Ton
16-6 18

Section 1631
1 SECTION 1631
2 ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS
3 1631-1 DESCRIPTION
4 Furnish, place and maintain a rolled erosion control product (matting) on previously shaped
5 and seeded drainage ditches, slopes or other areas at locations shown in the contract or as
6 directed. Work includes providing all materials, excavation and backfilling, placing and
7 securing matting and maintaining the drainage ditch.
8 The conditions which occur during the construction of the project will determine the quantity
9 of matting placed. The quantity of matting may be increased, decreased or eliminated entirely
10 as directed. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as alterations in the details of
11 construction or a change in the character of the work.
12 1631-2 MATERIALS
13 Refer to Division 10.
Section 1632
Item Section
Matting for Erosion Control 1060-8
Staples 1060-8
14 1631-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
15 Place matting immediately following seeding. Provide a smooth soil surface free from stones,
16 clods or debris that will prevent the contact of the matting with the soil. Preserve the required
17 line, grade and cross section of the area covered.
18 Unroll matting in the direction of the flow of water and apply without stretching so that it will
19 lie smoothly but loosely on the soil surface. Bury the up -channel or top of slope end of each
20 piece of matting in a narrow trench at least 6 inches deep and tamp firmly. Where one roll of
21 matting ends and a second -roll begins, overlap the end of the upper roll over the buried end of
22 the second roll so there is a 4 inch overlap. Construct staple checks 4 inches on center and
23 every 30 feet longitudinally in the matting or as directed. Fold over and bury matting to the
24 full depth of the trench, close and tamp firmly. Overlap matting at least 4 inches where 2 or
25 more widths of matting are laid side by side.
26 Place staples across matting at ends, junctions and check trenches approximately 10 inches
27 apart.
28 Place staples along the outer edges and down the center of each strip of matting 3 feet apart.
29 Place staples along all lapped edges 10 inches apart.
30 Install product with netting on the top side when excelsior or straw matting is used.
31 The Engineer may require adjustments in the trenching or stapling requirements to fit
32 individual cut or fill slope conditions.
33 1631-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
34 Matting will be measured and paid in square yards as measured along the surface of the
35 ground, over which matting has been acceptably placed.
36 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Matting For Erosion Control Square Yard
19 16-7

Section 1640
1 SECTION 1633
2 TEMPORARY ROCK SILT CHECKS
3 1633-1 DESCRIPTION
4 Construct, maintain and remove devices placed in ditches, diversions or swales to reduce
5 water velocity and contain sediment.
6 The actual conditions which occur during the construction of the project will determine t h e
7 quantity of temporary rock silt checks constructed. The quantity of silt check dams may be
8 increased, decreased or eliminated entirely as directed. Such variations in quantity will not be
9 considered as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of the
10 work.
11 1633-2 MATERIALS
12 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Sediment Control Stone, Standard Size No. 5 or 57 1005
Stone for Erosion Control, Class B 1042
13 1633-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
14 (A) Type A
15 Place structural stone in the channel, ditch, diversion or swale with approximately 2:1
16 side slopes. Place sediment control stone, approximately 12 inches thick on the upstream
17 side.
18 (B) Type B
19 Construct temporary rock silt check Type B devices as shown in the plans and at other
20 locations as directed.
21 1633-4 MAINTENANCE AND REMOVAL
22 Maintain the temporary rock silt checks, remove and dispose of silt accumulations at the silt
23 checks when so directed in accordance with Section 1630.
24 Remove temporary rock silt checks as the project nears completion. The actual time of
25 removal will be as directed. After removal of silt checks, dress the area to blend with existing
26 contours and seed and mulch the area in accordance with Section 1660.
27 1633-5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
28 Payment for temporary rock silt checks will be as follows:
29 Stone for Erosion Control, Class _ will be measured and paid in accordance with
30 Article 1610-4.
31 Sediment Control Stone will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1610-4.
32 Silt Excavation will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1630-3.
33 SECTION 1640
34 COIR FIBER BAFFLE
35 1640-1 DESCRIPTION
36 furnish material, install and maintain coir fiber baffles according to the details in the plans or
37 in locations as directed. Install coir fiber baffles in silt basins and sediment dams at drainage
16-8 20

Section 1640
outlets. Work includes providing all materials, placing, securing, excavating and backfilling
of coir fiber baffles.
3 1640-2 MATERIALS
4 (A) Coir Fiber Mat
5 Provide matting to meet Article 1060-14
6 (B) Staples
Provide staples made of 0.125 inch diameter new steel wire formed into a U-shape not
less than 12 inches in length with a throat of 1 inch in width.
(C) Posts
10 Provide steel posts at least 5 feet in length, approximately 1 3/8 inches wide measured
11 parallel to the baffle and have a minimum weight of 1.25 lbs. per foot of length. Equip
12 the post with an anchor plate having a minimum area of 14.0 square inches and of the
13 self -fastener angle steel type to have a means of retaining wire and coir fiber mat in the
14 desired position without displacement.
15 (D) Wire
16 Provide 9-gauge high tension wire strand of variable lengths.
17 (E) Attachment Device
18 Provide plastic ties, wire fasteners or other approved attachment device.
19 1640-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
20 Place the coir fiber baffles immediately upon construction of sediment dams and basins.
21 Install 3 baffles in basins with a spacing of 1/4 the basin length and according to the detail
22 sheets. Install 2 coir fiber baffles in basins less than 20 feet in length with a spacing of 1/3 the
23 basin length.
24 Place steel posts at a depth of 2 feet below the basin surface, with spacing of no more than
25 4 feet. The top height of the coir fiber baffles shall not be below the elevation of the
26 emergency spillway base of dams and basins. Attach a 9-gauge high-tension wire strand to
27 the steel posts at a height of 3 feet with plastic ties or wire fasteners. Install a steel post into
28 side of the basin at a variable depth and a height of 3 feet from the bottom of the basin to
29 anchor coir fiber mat. Secure anchor post to the upright steel post in basin with wire
30 fasteners.
31 Drape the coir fiber mat over the wire strand with at least 3 feet of material on each side of the
32 strand. Secure the coir fiber mat to the posts and wire strand with approved fastener. Place
staples across the matting at ends and junctions approximately one foot apart at the bottom
33 and side slopes of basin. Overlap matting at least 6 inches where 2 or more widths of matting
34 are installed side by side. Refer to details in the plans. The Engineer may require adjustments
35 in the stapling requirements to fit individual site conditions.
36 1640-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
37 Coir Fiber Baffle will be measured and paid as the actual number of linear feet of coir fiber
38 baffles which are installed and accepted. Such price and payment will be full compensation
Section 1650
1 for all work covered by this section, including, but not limited to, furnishing all materials,
2 labor, equipment and incidentals necessary to install the coir fiber baffles.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item
Coir Fiber Baffle
Pay Unit
Linear Foot
21 16-9

Section 1650
SECTION 1650
WOODED AREA CLEANUP
1650-1 DESCRIPTION
7 Remove and satisfactorily dispose of debris and of dead, partially dead or broken vegetation
8 from wooded areas of the right of way outside clearing limits and from other areas outside
9 construction limits on which seeding and mulching is not to be performed. Work includes
10 treating stumps with herbicide and repairing any damage to vegetation.
11 Cutover timberland, reforested areas or thickets of young native volunteer vegetation will
be
12 considered to be wooded areas.
13 1650-2 MATERIALS
14 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Herbicide 1060-13
15 1650-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
16 Remove all logs, stumps, snags, loose roots, down timber, slabs, tree laps, lumber, dead or
17 partially dead trees, broken trees or brush, dead brush, sawdust piles, discarded fences, leaf
18 piles, brick, tile masonry and other debris from the cleanup areas. Cut, all dead trees, stumps,
19 snags, broken or partially dead trees and brush, flush with the ground. Remove vegetation
20 which dies between initial cleanup and completion of the project before final acceptance.
21 Hand raking of areas or removal of a normal leaf layer is not required unless stated in the
22 contract.
23 Treat partially dead stumps or broken vegetation with a herbicide immediately after cutting.
24 Use the herbicide and the method and rate of application, specified in the contract. Follow all
25 applicable instructions, warnings and safety precautions stated on the manufacturer's label,
26 and comply with all laws and regulations governing herbicides that are in effect at the time of
27 use.
28 Dispose of all material cleaned up under this item in accordance with the applicable
29 requirements of Article 200-5 and Article 802-2.
30 1650-4 DAMAGE TO REMAINING VEGETATION
31 Conduct operations so as to prevent injury to trees, shrubs or other types of vegetation that are
32 to remain growing and to prevent damage to adjacent property.
33 Remove broken branches and rough edges of scarred trees or shrubs. Prune and shape these
34 areas in accordance with the International Society of Arboriculture pruning techniques. Cut
35 and dispose of any plants that are damaged beyond their value for landscape purposes and
36 seed and mulch vegetation that is damaged by the Contractor at no cost to the Department
37 when so directed.
38 1650-5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
39 Wooded Area Cleanup will be measured and paid in acres, measured horizontally, completed
40 and accepted.
Section 1651
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Wooded Area Cleanup Acre
16-10 22

Section 1651
2 SECTION 1651
3 SELECTIVE VEGETATION
4 1651-1 DESCRIPTION
5 Remove selected living trees and undesirable living
undergrowth from areas of the right of
6 way outside clearing limits in accordance with these Specifications. Work includes treating
7 stumps with herbicide and repairing any damage to vegetation.
1651-2 MATERIALS
Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Herbicide 1060-13
10 1651-3 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
11 (A) Trees
12 Remove trees shown in the plans or designated. Measure all tree diameter sizes at
13 a height of 4.5 feet above the ground.
14 (B) Undergrowth
15 Remove all undergrowth from areas shown in the plans, described in the Specifications or
16 designated, except for those plants designated to be preserved. All plants less than
17 4 inches in diameter, measured at a height of 4.5 feet above the ground shall be classified
18 as undergrowth.
19 (C) General
20 Treat stumps with a herbicide immediately after cutting to prevent sprouting. Use the
21 herbicide and the method and rate of application specified in the Specifications. Follow
22 all applicable instructions, warnings and safety precautions stated on the manufacturer's
23 label, and comply with all laws and regulations governing herbicides that are in effect at
24 the time of use.
25 When work is performed properly in accordance with these Specifications, no subsequent
26 re -cutting of sprouts or seedling growth will be required.
27 Dispose of all trees and undergrowth cut in accordance with Article 200-5.
28 1651-4 DAMAGE TO REMAINING VEGETATION
29 Conduct operations so as to prevent injury to trees, shrubs or other types of vegetation that are
30 to remain growing, and also to prevent damage to adjacent property.
31 Remove broken branches and rough edges of scarred trees or shrubs. Shape and make smooth
32 these areas in accordance with generally accepted horticultural practice. Cut and dispose of
33 any plants that are damaged beyond their value for landscape purposes and seed and mulch
34 vegetation that is damaged by the Contractor at no cost to the Department.
23 16-11

Section 1660
1651-5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Selective Tree Removal " will be measured and paid in units of each. Each tree removed
will be paid at the contract unit price for the pay item size applicable to the actual tree
diameter, measured at a height of 4.5 feet above the ground, as indicated in Table 1651-1.
TABLE 1651-1
SELECT TREE REMOVAL PAY ITEM SIZES
Pay Item Size
Actual Tree Diameter
6 inch
4 inches up to 8 inches
10 inch
8 inches up to 12 inches
15 inch
12 inches up to 18 inches
18 inches
18 inches and over
Selective Undergrowth Removal will be measured and paid in acres, measured horizontally,
completed and accepted.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item
Pay Unit
Selective Tree Removal, 6"
Each
Selective Tree Removal, 10"
Each
Selective Tree Removal, 15"
Each
Selective Tree Removal, 18"
Each
Selective Undergrowth Removal
Acre
SECTION 1660
SEEDING AND MULCHING
10 1660-1 DESCRIPTION
11 Prepare seedbed; furnish, place and incorporate limestone, fertilizer and seed; compact
12 seedbed; furnish, place and secure mulch; mow; and perform other operations necessary for
13 the permanent establishment of vegetation from seed on shoulders, slopes, ditches or other
14 roadside areas.
15 Perform seeding and mulching on all earth areas disturbed by construction and on portions of
16 areas seeded under previous contracts as directed where there is unsatisfactory vegetative
17 cover.
18 Adapt operations to variations in weather or soil conditions as necessary for the successful
19 establishment and growth of the grasses or legumes.
20 Preserve the required line, grade and cross section of the area treated.
21 The actual conditions which occur during the construction of the project will determine the
22 quantity of mowing. The quantity of mowing may be increased, decreased or eliminated
23 entirely as directed. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as alterations in the
24 details of construction or a change in the character of the work.
16-12 24

Section 1660
21 1660-2 MATERIALS
22 Refer to Division 10.
Item
Section
Fertilizer
1060-2
Limestone
1060-3
Seed
1060-4
Mulch for Erosion Control
1060-5
23 Use undiluted emulsified asphalt for tacking material.
24 The analysis of fertilizer and the kinds of seed will be as stated in the contract.
1660-3 COORDINATION WITH GRADING OPERATIONS
Perform seeding and mulching operations on a section by section basis immediately upon
completion of earthwork sections in accordance with Article 225-2.
When grading operations have been suspended, and seeding and mulching has been
performed on areas where work has been suspended, include in the work of seeding and
mulching of the adjacent sections any necessary overlapping of operations on previously
established vegetative cover.
When the Contractor fails or neglects to coordinate grading with seeding and mulching
operations and to pursue diligently the control of erosion and siltation, the Engineer may
suspend the Contractor's grading operations until such time as the work is coordinated in
a manner acceptable to the Engineer. Such suspension will be in accordance with
Article 108-7.
1660-4 SEEDBED PREPARATION
7 Cut and satisfactorily dispose of weeds or other unacceptable growth on the areas to be
8 seeded. Shape and smooth uneven and rough areas outside of the graded section, such as crop
9 rows, farm contours, ditches and ditch spoil banks, fence line and hedgerow soil
10 accumulations and other minor irregularities which cannot be obliterated by normal seedbed
11 preparation operations, to provide for more effective seeding and for ease of subsequent
12 mowing operations.
13 Scarify or otherwise loosen the soil to a depth of not less than 5 inches except as otherwise
14 provided below or otherwise directed. Break clods and work the top 2 inches to 3 inches of
15 soil into an acceptable seedbed by the use of soil pulverizers, drags or harrows; or by other
16 approved methods. Remove all rock and debris 3 inches or larger on median, shoulder and
17 ditch cut or fill slopes which are 3:1 or flatter, before the application of seed and fertilizer.
18 Remove rock 6 inches and larger displaced during seeding operations.
19 Scarify, groove, trench or puncture all slope surfaces. The depth of preparation and the
20 degree of smoothness of the seedbed may be reduced on cut slopes that are 2:1 and steeper, as
21 permitted by the Engineer.
22 On cut slopes that are either 2:1 or steeper, the Engineer may permit the preparation of
23 a partial or complete seedbed during the grading of the slope. If at the time of seeding and
24 mulching operations such preparation is still in a condition acceptable to the Engineer,
25 additional seedbed preparation may be reduced or eliminated.
26 Limit seedbed preparation to within 2 feet of the edge of any pavement to a depth of 2 inches
27 to 3 inches.
28 Do not prepare seedbed when the soil is frozen, extremely wet or when the Engineer
29 determines that it is an otherwise unfavorable working condition.
30 1660-5 APPLYING AND COVERING LIMESTONE, FERTILIZER AND SEED
25 16-13

Section 1660
31 (A) General
32 The contract will state the seasonal limitation for seeding operations; the kinds of grades
33 of fertilizers; the kinds of seed; and the rates of application of limestone, fertilizer and
34 seed.
35 Obtain approval from the Engineer before using equipment for the application, covering
36 or compaction of limestone, fertilizer and seed. Approval may be revoked at any time if
37 equipment is not maintained in satisfactory working condition, or if the equipment
38 operation damages the seed.
39 Apply limestone, fertilizer and seed within 24 hours after completion of seedbed
Section 1660
preparation unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. When the Engineer determines
that weather and soil conditions are unfavorable, do not distribute any limestone or
fertilizer and do not sow any seed.
Take adequate precautions to prevent damage to traffic, structures, guardrails, traffic
control devices or any other appurtenances during the application of fertilizer. Provide
adequate covering or change methods of application as required to avoid such damage.
Repair any damage that occurs, including any cleaning that may be necessary.
(B) Limestone and Fertilizer
9 Limestone may be applied as a part of the seedbed preparation, provided it is
10 immediately worked into the soil. If not so applied, distribute limestone and fertilizer
11 uniformly over the prepared seedbed at the specified rate of application and then harrow,
12 rake or otherwise thoroughly work or mix into the seedbed.
13 (C) Seed
14 Distribute seed uniformly over the seedbed at the required rate of application, and
15 immediately harrow, drag, rake or otherwise work so as to cover the seed with a layer of
16 soil. Cover to a depth as directed by the Engineer. If two kinds of seed are to be used
17 which require different depths of covering, sow separately.
18 When a combination seed and fertilizer drill is used, drill fertilizer with seed after
19 applying and incorporating limestone into the soil. If using two kinds of seed requiring
20 different depth of cover, the seed requiring the lighter cover may be sown broadcast or
21 with a special attachment to the drill, or drilled lightly following the initial drilling
22 operation.
23 When using a hydraulic seeder for application of seed and fertilizer, do not allow the seed
24 to remain in water containing fertilizer for more than 30 minutes before application
25 unless otherwise permitted.
26 Compact the seedbed immediately after seed has been properly covered in the manner
27 and degree approved by the Engineer.
28 (D) Modifications
29 When adverse seeding conditions are encountered due to steepness of slope, height of
30 slope or soil conditions, the Engineer may direct or permit that modifications be made in
31 the above requirements which pertain to incorporating limestone into the seedbed;
32 covering limestone, seed and fertilizer; and compaction of the seedbed.
33 Such modifications may include but not be limited to the following:
34 (1) The incorporation of limestone into the seedbed may be omitted as follows:
35 (a) On cut slopes steeper than 2:1;
36 (b) On 2:1 cut slopes when a seedbed has been prepared during the excavation of
16-14 26

Section 1660
37 the cut and is still in an acceptable condition; or
38 © On areas of slopes where the surface of the area is too rocky to permit the
39 incorporation of the limestone.
40 (2) The rates of application of limestone, fertilizer and seed on slopes 2:1 or steeper or
41 on rocky surfaces may be reduced or eliminated.
42 (3) Compaction after seeding may be reduced or eliminated on slopes 2:1 or steeper, on
43 rocky surfaces or on other areas where soil conditions would make compaction
44 undesirable.
1660-6 MULCHING
(A) General
Mulch all seeded areas unless otherwise indicated in the contract or directed by the
Engineer.
Use grain straw as mulch at any time of the year. If permission to use material other than
grain straw is requested and the use of such material is approved by the Engineer, the
seasonal limitations, the methods and rates of application, the type of binding material or
other conditions governing the use of such material will be established by the Engineer at
the time of approval.
(B) Applying Mulch
10 Apply mulch within 24 hours after completion of seeding unless otherwise permitted.
11 Exercise care to prevent displacement of soil or seed or other damage to the seeded area
12 during the mulching operations.
13 Spread mulch uniformly by hand or by approved mechanical spreaders or blowers which
14 will provide an acceptable application. An acceptable application will be that which will
15 allow some sunlight to penetrate and air to circulate but also partially shade the ground,
16 reduce erosion and conserve soil moisture.
17 © Holding Mulch
18 Hold mulch in place by applying a sufficient amount of undiluted emulsified asphalt or
19 other approved binding material. The Engineer will approve the rate and method of
20 application of binding material. Apply the binding material directly with the mulch or
21 immediately following the mulch application.
22 Take adequate precautions to prevent damage to traffic, structures, guardrails, traffic
23 control devices or any other appurtenances during the application of asphalt binding
24 material. Provide adequate covering or change methods of application as required to
25 avoid such damage. Repair any damage that occurs, including any cleaning that may be
26 necessary.
27 Take sufficient precautions to prevent mulch from entering drainage structures through
28 displacement by wind, water or other causes and promptly remove any blockage to
29 drainage facilities which may occur.
30 1660-7 MAINTENANCE OF SEEDING AND MULCHING
31 Maintain areas where seeding and mulching have been performed in a satisfactory condition
32 until final acceptance of the project.
33 Mow at the location and times as directed.
34 Correct areas of damage or failure due to any cause by repairing or completely reworking as
35 directed.
36 Repair in accordance with Section 1661 where extensive seedbed preparation is unnecessary.
37 Rework seeding and mulching in accordance with this section where correction requires
27 16-15

Section 1661
38 extensive seedbed preparation, or where earthwork repairs or complete reshaping are
39 necessary.
40 As an exception to the above, repair areas of damage or failure resulting either from
41 negligence on the part of the Contractor in performing subsequent construction
42 operations or from not taking adequate precautions to control erosion and siltation as
43 required throughout the various sections of the Specifications, at no cost to the
44 Department.
1660-8 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Seeding and Mulching will be measured and paid in acres, measured along the surface of
the ground completed and accepted. No direct payment will be made for furnishing and applying
the limestone and fertilizer as such work and materials will be incidental to the work covered by
Seeding and Mulching.
Mowing will be measured and paid in acres measured along the surface of the ground mowed
as directed. Where an area has been mowed more than once at the direction of the Engineer,
separate measurement will be made each time the area is mowed.
Corrective work will be compensated where seeding and mulching has been damaged or has
failed to establish a satisfactory stand of vegetation.
9 Where correction can be made without extensive seedbed preparation, the work will be paid
10 in accordance with Article 1661-5 for Seed for Repair Seeding and Fertilizer for
11 Repair Seeding.
12 Where earthwork and seeding and mulching has been damaged to the extent that earthwork
13 repairs or complete reshaping are necessary, the Contractor will be paid at the contract unit
14 price for the excavated material required for repairs to the damaged earthwork, and at the
15 contract unit price for Seeding and Mulching for correcting the damaged seeding and
16 mulching.
17 As an exception to the above, repair, at no cost to the Department, any damage to earthwork
18 or seeded and mulched areas which is due to carelessness or neglect on the part of the
19 Contractor.
20 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Seeding and Mulching Acre
Mowing Acre
21 SECTION 1661
22 REPAIR SEEDING
23 1661-1 DESCRIPTION
24 Repair areas previously seeded and mulched in accordance with Section 1660 but damaged or
25 failed to successfully establish a stand of vegetation. This work does not include repair
26 seeding made necessary by negligence on the part of the Contractor as described in
27 Article 1660-7, nor does it include repairs to temporary seeding constructed in accordance
28 with Section 1620.
29 Repair damage or failure in accordance with this section where correction can be made
30 without extensive seedbed preparation.
31 Where correction will require extensive seedbed preparation, or where earthwork repairs or
32 complete reshaping are necessary, repair in accordance with Section 1660.
32 Repair seeding includes minor seedbed preparation; the furnishing, placing and covering of
fertilizer and seed; and mulch as required, all in accordance with these Specifications.
16-16 28

Section 1661
33 Perform repair seeding promptly at the locations and times as directed.
34 The actual conditions which occur during the construction of the project will determine the
35 quantity of seed or fertilizer used. The quantity of seed or fertilizer may be increased,
36 decreased or eliminated entirely at the discretion of the Engineer. Such variation in quantity
37 will not be considered as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character
38 of the work.
1 1661-2 MATERIALS
2 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Fertilizer 1060-2
Seed 1060-4
Mulch for Erosion Control 1060-5
3 The analysis of fertilizer and the kinds of seed shall be as stated in the contract.
4 1661-3 SEEDBED PREPARATION
5 Seedbed preparation will be required unless otherwise permitted.
6 A seedbed preparation as extensive as that performed for the original seeding and mulching
7 will not be required. The degree of preparation shall be sufficient to retain the seed against
8 displacement by wind, rain or surface runoff, and be acceptable to the Engineer. The
9 acceptable degree of seedbed preparation will depend on the location, soil conditions and
10 drainage conditions at the site.
11 1661-4 APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER, SEED AND MULCH
12 The analysis of fertilizer, the kinds of seed and the rates of application of seed and fertilizer is
13 the same as specified in the project special provision for seeding and mulching, unless
14 otherwise directed, but in no case will the total rate of seed and fertilizer vary more or less
15 than 25% of that specified for seeding and mulching.
16 Do not distribute fertilizer or sow seed when the Engineer determines that conditions are
17 unfavorable for such operations.
18 Cover fertilizer and seed and secure mulch in place to prevent displacement by wind, rain or
19 surface runoff.
20 Article 1660-5 will be applicable to the approval of equipment and the protection of traffic,
21 structures, guardrails, traffic control devices and other appurtenances.
22 1661-5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
23 Seed for Repair Seeding will be measured and paid in pounds. The weight of seed will be
24 determined by bag count of standard weight bags or by weighing the seed. No direct payment
25 will be made for furnishing and applying mulch and all materials used to hold mulch in place,
26 as such work and materials will be incidental to the work covered by Seed for RepairSeeding.
27 Fertilizer for Repair Seeding will be measured and paid in tons. The weight of dry fertilizer
28 will be determined by bag count of standard weight bags, or by weighing the fertilizer in
29 trucks on certified platform scales or other certified weighing devices.
29 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Seed for Repair Seeding Pound
Fertilizer for Repair Seeding Ton
30
29 16-17

Section 1662
31 SECTION 1662
32 SUPPLEMENTAL SEEDING
33 1662-1 DESCRIPTION
33 Apply additional seed to areas which have been previously seeded with permanent seed but
34 on which there is an unsatisfactory cover of vegetation.
35 This work is only to provide an additional amount of seed to areas that have an insufficient
36 stand of vegetation but which are too well established to require repair seeding. Work
Section 1664
1 covered by this provision does not include seedbed preparation, fertilizer or mulch.
2 Perform supplemental seeding promptly at the locations and times as directed.
3 The actual conditions which occur during the construction of the project will determine the
4 quantity of seed used. The quantity of seed may be increased, decreased or eliminated
5 entirely as directed. Such variation in quantity will not be considered as alterations in the
6 details of construction or a change in the character of the work.
7 1662-2 MATERIALS
8 Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Seed 1060-4
9 Use seeds as stated in the contract.
10 1662-3 APPLICATION
11 Seedbed preparation will not be required.
12 The contract will state the kinds and rates of application of seed. Sow no seed when the
13 Engineer determines that conditions are unfavorable.
14 Article 1660-5 will be applicable to the approval of equipment; and the protection of traffic,
15 traffic control devices and other appurtenances.
16 1662-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
17 Seed for Supplemental Seeding will be measured and paid in pounds. The weight of seed will
18 be determined by bag count of standard weight bags or by weighing the seed.
19 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Seed for Supplemental Seeding Pound
20 SECTION 1664
21 SODDING
30 1664-1 DESCRIPTION
31 Prepare soil, furnish and place limestone, fertilizer,
sod and water; and other operations
32 necessary for the permanent establishment of vegetation from sod on shoulders, slopes,
33 ditches or other roadside areas.
34 Adapt operations to variations in weather and soil conditions so as to assure the successful
35 establishment and growth of grasses.
16-18 30

Section 1664
36 Preserve the required line, grade and cross section of the area treated.
37 The actual conditions which occur during the construction of the project will determine the
38 quantity of water used and mowing required. The quantity of water or mowing may be
39 increased, decreased or eliminated entirely at the direction of the Engineer. Such variations in
40 quantity will not be considered alterations in the details of construction or a change in the
41 character of the work.
1 1664-2 MATERIALS
2 Refer to Division 10.
Item
Section
Fertilizer
1060-2
Limestone
1060-3
Sod
1060-7
Water
1060-9
3 The contract will state the analysis of fertilizer and the kinds of sod.
4 1664-3 SODDING
5 (A) Handling and Storing Sod
6 Exercise extreme care during all operations of loading, transporting, unloading, storing,
7 placing, tamping and staking sod, to prevent breaking the sod sections and to prevent the
8 sod from drying out. Any sod that is torn, broken or too dry will be rejected. Torn or
9 broken sod, if kept moist, may be used for filling unavoidable small gaps in sod cover as
10 permitted.
11 Place sod on the designated areas within 48 hours after being cut unless otherwise
12 directed.
13 (B) Soil Preparation
14 Remove litter and other debris. Mow and satisfactorily dispose of weeds or other
15 unacceptable growth on the areas to be sodded.
16 Bring the area to be sodded to a firm uniform surface at such elevation that the surface of
17 the complete sodding conforms to the finished grade and cross section as shown in the
18 plans.
19 Scarify or otherwise loosen soil to a depth of not less than 5 inches. Break clods and
20 work the top 2 inches to 3 inches of soil into an acceptable soil bed by using soil
21 pulverizers, drags or harrows.
22 Place limestone and fertilizer before placing the sod. The contract will state the kind and
23 grade of fertilizer, and the rates of application of limestone and fertilizer. Distribute the
24 limestone and fertilizer uniformly over the area and thoroughly mix in the top 5 inches of
25 the soil by discing, harrowing or other approved methods.
26 Prepare the area by harrowing, dragging, raking or other approved methods to give
27 a lawn type finish. Remove all trash, debris and stones larger than 1 '/z inches in diameter
28 or other obstructions that could interfere with the placing of the sod. Moisten the finished
29 surface with water before placing the sod.
30 (C) Placing Sod
31 The contract will state the seasonal limitations for sodding and the kind of sod to use.
32 Sod handling and placement will be a continuous process of cutting, transporting and
33 installing without appreciable delays. Install sod within 48 hours after being cut and
34 water immediately after installation.
31 16-19

Section 1664
35 Place sod firmly and carefully by hand within 24 hours after soil preparation is completed
36 and accepted by the Engineer. Pack each piece of sod tightly against the edge of adjacent
37 pieces so that the fewest possible gaps will be left between the pieces. Close unavoidable
38 gaps with small pieces of sod.
39 When placing sod on a slope, begin at either the top or the toe of the slope. Place sod
40 with the long edge horizontal and with staggered vertical joints. Turn the edge of the sod
1 slightly into the ground at the top of a slope and place a layer of earth over it and compact
2 so as to divert the surface water over and onto the top of the sod.
3 Stake sod in place by driving stakes flush with the sod, on all slopes 2:1 or steeper, in
4 drainage channels, on other areas shown in the plans, and on any areas that are in such
5 condition that there is danger of sod slipping. Perform staking concurrently with sod
6 placement and before tamping with sound wooden stakes which are approximately one
7 inch square or one inch in diameter and not less than 12 inches in length. Place enough
8 stakes to prevent slipping or displacement of the sod. Drive stakes perpendicular to the
9 slope. Where backfill is necessary on cut slopes to obtain a uniform sodding area,
10 provide stakes of sufficient length to reach at least 3 inches into the solid earth
11 underneath the backfill.
12 On all other areas, use metal staples in place of wooden stakes. The metal staples should
13 be 12 inches long, made of 11 gauge new steel wire so as not to bend when pinned or
14 driven through the sod. Shorter staples may be used with the approval of the Engineer.
15 Place, stake and staple the sod where necessary, then tamp or roll carefully and firmly by
16 acceptable means. If rolled, roller shall weigh 150 lbs. per foot of roller width. Take
17 extreme care to prevent the installed sod from being torn or displaced.
18 Do not place sod when the atmospheric temperature is below 32°F. Do not use frozen
19 sod or place on frozen soil.
20 (D) Watering Sod
21 Water carefully and thoroughly after sod has been placed and tamped. Perform watering
22 as directed until final acceptance. Application of water may be made by the use of
23 hydraulic seeding equipment, farm type irrigation equipment or by other acceptable
24 means.
25 1664-4 MAINTENANCE
26 Maintain sod in a satisfactory and live condition until final acceptance of the project.
27 Maintenance includes watering and mowing at the locations and times as directed.
28 1664-5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
29 Sodding will be measured and paid in square yards, measured along the surface of the ground
30 completed and accepted. No direct payment will be made for mowing the sodding areas
31 before soil preparation as such work will be incidental to sodding. No direct payment will be
32 made for furnishing and applying limestone and fertilizer, as such will be incidental to the
33 work covered by sodding.
34 Water will be measured and paid in 1,000 gallon units. Measurement of water will be made
35 by means of an approved metering device at the source of supply, or by determining the
36 volumetric capacity of tank trucks used to deliver water to the project and recording the
37 number of loads delivered by each truck.
38 Mowing will be measured and paid in accordance with Article 1660-8.
39 The above prices and payment will be full compensation for all work covered by this section.
16-20 32

Section 1665
40 Payment will be made under:
Pay Item
Sodding
Water
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
SECTION 1665
FERTILIZER TOPDRESSING
1665-1 DESCRIPTION
Pay Unit
Square Yard
1,000 Gallons
Furnish and uniformly distribute fertilizer as a topdressing to areas on which seeding and
mulching, sprigging or sodding are completed and a vegetative cover is established. Top
dress previously seeded, sprigged or sodded areas under other contracts when so stated in the
contract or where so directed.
The actual conditions that occur during the construction of the project will determine the
quantity of fertilizer topdressing used. In the event that a vegetative cover has not had
sufficient time to develop to a size suitable for topdressing before completion of the project,
the work of fertilizer topdressing will be decreased or eliminated entirely. Where the use of
additional fertilizer topdressing would be beneficial to the establishment of grasses or
legumes, the work of fertilizer topdressing will be increased. The quantity of fertilizer
topdressing may be increased, decreased or eliminated entirely as directed. Such variations in
quantity will not be considered as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the
character of work.
17 1665-2 MATERIALS
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Use fertilizer containing no urea for topdressing.
Refer to Division 10.
Item Section
Fertilizer 1060-2
The analysis of fertilizer shall be as stated in the contract.
1665-3 APPLICATION
Apply fertilizer topdressing at the locations and times as directed, regardless of whether or not
other seeding, sprigging or sodding operations are underway at the time.
The contract will state the rate of application and analysis of fertilizer. Distribute fertilizer
uniformly without any type of soil disturbance.
Refer to the contract for the approval of equipment and the protection of traffic, structures,
guardrails, traffic control devices and other appurtenances.
1665-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Fertilizer Topdressing will be measured and be paid in tons. The weight of dry fertilizer will
be determined by bag count of standard weight bags or by weighing the fertilizer in trucks on
certified platform scales or other certified weighing devices.
In the event that an alternative analysis of fertilizer topdressing is approved and used, it will
be in an equivalent number of tons of fertilizer, of the specified analysis, based on nutrient
value.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item
Fertilizer Topdressing
Pay Unit
Ton
33 16-21

Section 1670
1 SECTION 1667
2 SPECIALIZED HAND MOWING
3 1667-1 DESCRIPTION
4 This work consists of specialized hand mowing around or under fixed objects, including but
5 not limited to guardrails, signs, barriers and slopes in a method acceptable to the Engineer.
Specialized hand mowing shall be completed with mechanically powered trimmers, string
trimmers, hand operated rotary mowers or self-propelled mowers of sufficient size and quality
to perform the work timely and efficiently.
The quantity of mowing to be performed will be affected by the actual conditions that occur
during the construction of the project. The quantity of mowing may be increased, decreased
or eliminated entirely as directed. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as
alterations in the details of construction or a change in the character of the work.
1667-2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Specialized Hand Mowing will be measured and paid as the actual number of man hours each
worker spends hand mowing, as directed. When directed to mow an area more than once,
separate measurement will be made each time the area is mowed.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Specialized Hand Mowing Man Hour
10 SECTION 1670
11 PLANTING
12 1670-1 DESCRIPTION
13 Furnish, deliver and plant trees, shrubs, vines, ground covers, bedding plants and seedlings at
14 locations shown in the plans or as directed, in accordance with these Specifications.
15 The work of planting includes plant bed preparation, initial planting, plant establishment and
16 replacement planting.
17 Perform the operations carefully to promote the continued life and healthy growth of all plants
18 in their final location.
19 The actual conditions that occur during the construction of the project will determine the
20 quantity of plant bed fumigation or post -emergent and pre -emergent herbicidal treatment for
21 plant beds. The quantities of post -emergent and pre -emergent herbicidal treatment for plant
22 beds may be increased, decreased or eliminated entirely as directed. Such variations in
23 quantity will not be considered as alterations in the details of construction or a change in the
24 character of the work.
25 1670-2 MATERIALS
26 Refer to Division 10.
Item
Fertilizer
Water
Nursery Grown Plant Materials
Mulch for Planting
Materials for Staking or Guying
Herbicide
27 Furnish nursery grown plant materials
Section
1060-2
1060-9
1060-10
1060-11
1060-12
1060-13
16-22 34

Section 1670
The contract will state the kind of herbicides to be used.
1670-3 WEATHER AND SEASONAL LIMITATIONS
Perform planting operations only between the dates shown in the contract except where
otherwise permitted in writing.
Do not plant when the temperature is below 32°F, when the plant hole is frozen or when soil
to excavate and fill the plant hole is frozen or too wet.
7 Apply post -emergent herbicide when the weeds are near maturity but not when the weeds are
8 under stress from drought, disease, insect damage or any other cause.
9 Do not apply post -emergent herbicide when rain is likely within the next 6 hours or as
10 restricted on the product label.
11 1670-4 CARE AND HANDLING PLANTS
(B) General
12 Exercise utmost care in digging, loading, transporting, unloading, planting or otherwise
13 handling plants and use adequate precautions to prevent injury to or drying out of the
14 trunk, branches or roots; and to prevent freezing of the plant roots. Heel -in plants within
15 48 hours of delivery from the nursery, if they cannot be planted within that time.
16 Properly maintain all heeled -in plants until planted. Do not have plants remain heeled -in
17 for more than 30 days. Open plants immediately when delivered in boxes or wrapped in
18 bundles or other forms of closed packages and inspect and dampen if necessary.
19 (B) Balled and Burlapped Plants
20 Protect the roots of balled and burlapped plants, if not immediately planted after delivery,
21 by adequately covering with a soil, mulch or sawdust that is kept moist constantly in
22 an acceptable manner appropriate to weather or seasonal conditions. Preserve the solidity
23 of the plant ball carefully.
24 (C) Bare Rooted Plants
25 Refrigerate or immediately heel -in all plants, if not promptly planted, in moist soil, mulch
26 or sawdust in an acceptable manner corresponding to generally accepted horticultural
27 practice.
28 Protect the plants from drying out by means of wet canvas, burlap or straw or by other
29 means acceptable while being transported or planted.
30 (D) Geophytes
31 Geophytes; bulbs, corms and tuberous plants; that are being shipped shall be packaged in
32 containers that meet industry standards and have been pre -approved by the engineer. All
33 individual packages shall be clearly labeled with quantity and cultivar name.
34 While bulbs, corms and tuberous plants are being transported or are being distributed in
35 planting beds, or are awaiting planting after distribution, protect them from drying out by
36 means of wet canvas, burlap, or straw, or by other means acceptable to the Engineer and
37 appropriate to weather conditions and the length of time they will be out of the ground.
38 Care shall be taken to avoid unnecessary injury to the bulbs before planting.
39 Pre -plant cool treatment is required for plants planted in a USDA Climatic Zones 9
40 and 10. Storage of bulbs, corms and tuberous plants which do not require pre -plant cool
41 treatment shall be stored in open trays and placed in a 55°F - 65°F, dry place away from
42 frost and heat and never allowed to dry out to the point of shriveling. Packing in slightly
43 moist peat is preferred. The storage area shall be well -ventilated and ethylene -free. Do
44 not store bulbs with fruit such as apples or pears which produces ethylene gas which can
45 cause problems with flowering. Do not store bulbs in paper or plastic bags unless
35 16-23

Section 1670
1 otherwise specified or approved. If a refrigerator is used it shall be frequently ventilated.
2 1670-5 PLANT LOCATION
3 Locate and mark on the ground locations for plants and outlines for areas to be planted or
4 reforested and obtain approval before digging plant holes for beds.
5 Where so directed, furnish and install standard identification wires with plastic flags to
6 designate individual plants in major planting areas.
7 Flags will not necessarily be needed for all plants required by the contract, but use these flags
8 on portions of the project until plant locations in these portions are approved.
9 Unforeseen conditions may make it necessary to make minor adjustments in plant locations
10 due to utility lines, traffic signs, rock, drainage, etc., and such adjustments will be permitted
11 subject to approval.
12 1670-6 PRUNING
13 Prune shrubs and trees after planting as shown in the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
14 Pruning done at any time in no way alters the Department's right to reject plant material.
15 Prune in accordance with the International Society of Arboriculture pruning techniques, and
16 according to shape, size and condition of the individual plant.
17 1670-7 PLANT BED TREATMENT
18 (A) General
19 Treat plant beds by application of herbicides where called for by the plans or directed.
20 (B) License
21 Make pesticide applications by or under the direct supervision of an applicator licensed
22 by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.
23 (C) Post -Emergent Herbicidal Treatment
24 Post -emergent herbicidal treatment includes applications of a systemic post -emergent
25 total vegetation control herbicide.
26 The contract will state the rates of application of the post -emergent herbicides.
27 Apply all herbicides in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions on the product
28 label.
29 Apply post -emergent herbicide when the weeds are near maturity but not when the weeds
30 are under stress from drought, disease, insect damage or any other cause. Ifcloudy
31 weather or other poor growing conditions are present, extend this 7 day period until there
32 are visible signs of herbicidal activity. Reapply if necessary to achieve a thorough
33 control.
34 (1) Post -Emergent Application for Plant Bed Preparation
35 Apply a systemic post -emergent total vegetation control herbicide to the bed area
36 before any tilling or mowing is performed. Perform no tilling or mowing for at least
37 7 days after the application. Thoroughly till the bed after the waiting period, or when
38 injury to the vegetation appears. Prepare the soil in good tilth with no clods over one
39 inch present and before planting.
40 (2) Post -Emergent Application for Plant Bed Maintenance
41 Apply a systemic post -emergent herbicidal treatment in accordance with product
42 label in a manner to ensure no damage to planted material. Perform no mowing or
43 vegetation removal by other means for at least 7 days after the application.
16-24 36

Section 1670
1 (D) Pre -Emergent Herbicidal Treatment
2 Pre -emergent herbicidal treatment includes the application of a pre -emergent herbicide.
3 Apply a pre -emergent herbicide to the plant bed after the existing vegetation has been
4 completely controlled by a post -emergent herbicide application as specified in herein and
5 after installation of planting and mulching as described in Articles 1670-9 and 1670-10.
6 Apply pre -emergent herbicide following planting and mulching of plant bed before
7 germination of weed seeds. An additional application of post -emergent herbicidal
8 treatment may be necessary to control emerged weeds, as directed, if sufficient time has
9 lapsed between tillage and installation of plant material and mulch. No direct payment
10 will be made for additional post -emergent herbicidal work if such work is due to
11 carelessness or neglect on the part of the Contractor.
12 Apply herbicide evenly over the soil surface with properly calibrated equipment at the
13 specified rate.
14 If at least 0.5 inches of rainfall does not occur within 15 days of application of pre-
15 emergent herbicidal treatment, apply at least 0.5 inches of water (2.8 gal/sy) uniformly
16 over the planting area to activate the herbicide.
17 1670-8 EXCAVATION OF PLANT HOLES
18 Provide cylindrical shaped plant hole excavations for plants other than reforestation plants,
19 with the plant location stake marking the center of the circle and with the sides of the hole
20 being approximately vertical. When mechanical means are used which make digging of
21 cylindrical holes impractical, the complete hole shall have the minimum dimensions as shown
22 in the plans.
23 When plants are to be grouped together in a plant bed as contrasted to widely separated
24 individual plants, and when so indicated in the plans, loosen and pulverize clods to a depth of
25 not less than 5 inches for the entire area of the plant bed by means of a scarifier, disc, spade or
26 other appropriate means before plant holes are dug.
27 Plant reforestation plants in holes made by a planting spade, planting bar or other means
28 which meet the approval of the Engineer. Make the hole of sufficient size to accommodate
29 the entire extended root system of the plant without cramping.
30 When geophytes; bulbs, corms and tuberous plants; are to be grouped together in a plant bed
31 as contrasted to widely separated individual plants, and when so indicated in the plans, loosen
32 and pulverize clods to a depth of not less than 8 inches, or as indicated in the plans, for the
33 entire area of the plant bed by means of a scarifier, disc, spade or other appropriate means
34 before plant holes are dug.
35 Place plants in holes made by a planting spade, planting bar or other means which meet the
36 approval of the Engineer. Make the hole of sufficient size to accommodate the entire plant
37 structure without cramping. Take care to plant all plants at a uniform depth as indicated in the
38 plans or directed by the Engineer.
39 When geophytes are to be planted separately as individual plants or in small separated groups,
40 loosen and pulverize clods with a spade, auger or other means which meet the approval of the
41 Engineer. Individual planting holes shall be to a depth of not less than 8 inches, or sufficient
42 size to accommodate the entire plant structure without cramping or to a depth as indicated in
43 the plans or directed by the Engineer.
44 1670-9 PLANTING, BACKFILLING AND WATERING
45 (A) General
46 The plans will state the kind and rate of application of fertilizer. Apply fertilizer during
47 backfilling operations in a manner that will ensure proper placement of the fertilizer and
48 avoid injury to the roots.
37 16-25

Section 1670
Scarify the walls and floor of the plant hole after the plant hole is dug. Place the plant in
the prepared plant hole at the proper position as regards to depth, alignment, final grade
of the surrounding ground level and vertical placement of the trunk. Maintain this
position during all subsequent backfilling and watering operations. Set plants with the
root collar at the same depth as grown in the nursery or raise above grade as indicated in
the plans.
7 Moisten the soil with water after one-half to two-thirds of the backfilling and tamping has
8 been completed, if the soil in the plant holes is not sufficiently moist. Apply water to
9 moisten all soil but not a quantity that will saturate the soil to the extent of excluding all
10 air ftom around the roots. Place the remainder of the backfill after complete absorption
11 of water.
12 Construct water rings around all plants, except reforestation plants, in accordance with
13 details shown in the plans. A water ring consists of a ridge of firmed soil in a ring around
14 the plant and of a minimum inside diameter equal to the diameter of the plant hole. This
15 ridge is approximately 6 inches high and is compacted firmly enough to hold water.
16 (B) Balled and Burlapped Plants
17 Handle balled and burlapped plants by the ball and place in the plant hole so that the soil
18 of the ball will not be loosened from the roots. After the hole has been almost completely
19 backfilled and the soil thoroughly firmed under and around the ball, cut the burlap away
20 and remove from around the stem of the plant. Complete backfilling so as to avoid
21 loosening of the soil of the root ball.
22 (C) Container Grown Plants
23 Planting requirements for container grown plants are the same as applicable to balled and
24 burlapped plants. Remove container immediately before planting. During the removal of
25 the container, take sufficient precautions to ensure that the soil and roots inside the
26 container are undisturbed. Scarify roots when directed.
27 (D) Bare Rooted Plants
28 Before the plant is placed in the plant hole, cut off smoothly any bruised or broken parts
29 of roots. Place the plant in its proper position in the hole and backfill. Carefully place
30 the backfill material, worked around and under the roots and compacted in a manner that
31 avoids bruising or breaking the roots.
32 (E) Reforestation Plants
33 Reforestation includes tree reforestation and shrub reforestation. Type, mixture, size,
34 furnish description and spacing will be as shown on the reforestation detail sheet in the
35 plans.
36 Before beginning reforestation, each area to be reforested will be measured by the
37 Engineer to determine the exact number of acres for tree reforestation or shrub
38 reforestation therein and the quantity of each species of seedling to be planted within the
39 area.
40 Where structures or plantings do not adequately delineate the outline of the area to be
41 reforested, stake the outline of the area as directed by the Engineer. Furnish cypress,
42 cedar, oak, locust or other wood stakes approved by the Engineer. Provide stakes with
43 a minimum industry standard of 2 inches x 2 inches (nominal) size and approximately
44 30 inches in length with a 15 inch white top. Drive stakes in the ground with
45 approximately 18 inches remaining above the ground line and place as necessary to
46 define and delineate the reforestation outline.
47 Ensure sample stock of reforestation seedlings are inspected by the Engineer, for general
48 health and moisture content, within 24 hours before planting.
16-26 38

Section 1670
After the plant hole has been prepared, place the plant upright in the hole at the correct
depth without crowding or bunching the roots. Firm the soil around the root system from
the bottom of the plant hole to natural ground elevation.
Upon completion of planting the required number of seedlings within all areas to be
reforested, the Contractor will be relieved of further responsibility in connection with
reforestation except for damage caused directly by the Contractor.
7 (F) Geophytes
8 When planting geophytes; bulbs, corms and tuberous plants; take care to place all plants
9 at a uniform depth as indicated in the plans or directed by the Engineer. All plants shall
10 be set upright as originally grown and at the proper spacing and depth from the natural
11 ground elevation. Soil that is backfilled into the hole to obtain the proper depth shall be
12 firmed before plant placement. Soil backfilled over the plant shall be firmed.
13 Planting shall be accomplished when the soil temperature is 40°F to 45°F or as directed
14 by the Engineer. No phase of this work shall be performed when the temperature is
15 below 32°F, when the plant holes are frozen or when soil to excavate and fill the plant
16 hole is frozen or too wet.
17 Geophytes shall be watered as stated in the contract or as directed by the Engineer.
18 Watering will be required for geophytes if the soil in the plant hole is not sufficiently
19 moist. Apply water to moisten all soil, but not in a quantity that will create standing
20 water or saturate the soil to the extent of excluding all air from around the plant.
21 1670-10 MULCH FOR PLANTING
22 Place mulch within 7 days of initial planting as a top layer on the backfilled plant hole and
23 water ring. Place mulch approximately 4 inches deep as shown in the plans or as directed.
24 Place additional mulch as directed during establishment.
25 No mulching will be required for reforestation plants.
26 1670-11 WATER FOR PLANTING
27 Water at the time of planting as specified in Article 1670-9 and at the Contractor's election
28 and the Engineer's approval. Water with gravity flow or low pressure applicators which have
29 been approved, and which will not erode soil around the plant root system or damage to
30 plants. Saturate the soil around each plant thoroughly at each watering.
31 1670-12 STAKING OR GUYING
32 Stake or guy plants as shown in the plans or as directed to prevent damage.
33 Ensure that the plant is attached and held rigid to the support in a manner that will prevent
34 chafing or other injury to the bark, and that will permit normal development of the trunk or
35 branch.
36 1670-13 INITIAL PLANTING
37 Initial planting will be complete when the plants have been placed in the plant hole,
38 backfilled, fertilized, watered, mulched, staked and guyed, and the plants are in an acceptable
39 condition.
40 1670-14 ESTABLISHMENT
41 Begin establishment for all initial or replacement plants immediately after they are planted.
42 Maintain trees, shrubs, vines and groundcovers, and the area of planting until final acceptance
43 of the project. Mow and maintain the area around trees and shrubs for a distance of 6 feet
44 beyond the outside limits of water rings or 6 feet beyond the limits of the guy stakes,
45 whichever is greater; within shrub beds; and for a distance of 6 feet outside the perimeter of
46 the shrub beds. Establishment includes cutting of grass and control of weeds; watering;
39 16-27

Section 1670
fertilization; replacement of mulch; repair or replacement of guy stakes, guy wires and water
rings; and other work as directed to ensure the survival and growth of plant material and the
satisfactory appearance of the project. Remove dead plant material from the project during
the establishment period.
1670-15 REPLACEMENT PLANTING
Replacement planting of trees, shrubs and ground cover consists of replacing those plants
which are not in a living, healthy condition or do not conform to the Specifications contained
in American Standard for Nursery Stock or damaged or stolen. Replacement of reforestation
plants will not be required.
10 Perform replacement planting within the planting season specified in the contract.
11 1670-16 FINAL INSPECTION
12 All planting shall be completed and all plants shall be in a living and healthy condition at the
13 time of final inspection.
14 1670-17 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
15 (Plant Species and Size Indicated in Contract) will be measured and paid in units of each,
16 other than reforestation plants, planted and accepted.
17 Reforestation will be measured and paid in acres of land measured along the surface of the
18 ground.
19 Wetland Reforestation will be measured and paid in acres of land, measured along the surface
20 of the ground.
21 Post -emergent Herbicidal Treatment will be measured and paid in square yards of plant bed
22 measured along the surface of the ground.
23 Pre -emergent Herbicidal Treatment will be measured and paid in square yards of plant bed
24 measured along the surface of the ground.
25 Geophytes (plant species and size indicated in contract) will be measured and paid in units of
26 each that have been planted and accepted.
27 Mulch for Planting will be measured and paid in cubic yards. Where mulch is furnished in
28 bales or bags, the number of cubic yards in each bale or bag will be determined and then
29 multiplied by the number of bales or bags of the same size which have been acceptably
30 furnished and placed. Where mulch is furnished in trucks, each truck will be measured by the
31 Engineer and shall bear a legible identification mark indicating its capacity. Load each truck
32 to at least its measured capacity at the time it arrives at the site of the work.
33 Water for Planting will be measured and paid in units of 1,000 gallon units. Measurement of
34 water will be made by means of an approved metering device at the source of supply, or by
35 determining the volumetric capacity of tank trucks used to deliver water to the project and
36 recording the number of loads delivered by each truck.
37 No payment will be made for plant bed preparation, tillage, staking or guying and
38 fertilization, for this work will be incidental to other work in the contract.
16-28 40

Section 1670
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item
Pay Unit
(Plant species and size indicated in contract)
Each
Reforestation
Acre
Wetland Reforestation
Acre
Post -Emergent Herbicidal Treatment for Plant Beds
Square Yard
Pre -Emergent Herbicidal Treatment for Plant Beds
Square Yard
Geophytes
Each
Mulch for Planting
Cubic Yard
Water for Planting
1,000 Gallons
41 16-29

303(d) IMPAIRED WATERS LIST:
The Crabtree Creek (Crabtree Lake), which has been identified on the 303(d) list of
impaired waters as impaired for sedimentation and/or turbidity, is within one mile of the
project and receives drainage from the project. The Contractor shall adhere to all
conditions and/or regulations required for impacts to these waters.
COIR FIBER MAT:
Description
Furnish material, install and maintain coir fiber mat in locations shown on the plans
or in locations as directed. Work includes providing all materials, excavating and
backfilling, and placing and securing coir fiber mat with stakes, steel reinforcement
bars or staples as directed.
Materials
Item Section
Coir Fiber Mat 1060-14
Anchors: Stakes, reinforcement bars, or staples shall be used as anchors.
Wooden Stakes:
Provide hardwood stakes 12"- 24" long with a 2" x 2" nominal square cross
section. One end of the stake must be sharpened or beveled to facilitate driving
through the coir fiber mat and down into the underlying soil. The other end of the
stake needs to have a 1 "- 2" long head at the top with a 1 "- 2" notch following to
catch and secure the coir fiber mat.
Steel Reinforcement Bars:
Provide uncoated #10 steel reinforcement bars 24" nominal length. The bars shall
have a 4" diameter bend at one end with a 4" straight section at the tip to catch and
secure the coir fiber mat.
Staples:
Provide staples made of 0.125" diameter new steel wire formed into a u shape not
less than 12" in length with a throat of 1" in width.
Construction Methods
Place the coir fiber mat immediately upon final grading. Provide a smooth soil
16-30 42

surface free from stones, clods, or debris that will prevent the contact of the mat with
the soil. Unroll the mat and apply without stretching such that it will lie smoothly but
loosely on the soil surface.
For stream relocation applications, take care to preserve the required line, grade, and
cross section of the area covered. Bury the top slope end of each piece of mat in a
narrow trench at least 6 in. deep and tamp firmly. Where one roll of matting ends and
a second roll begins, overlap the end of the upper roll over the buried end of the
second roll so there is a 6 in. overlap. Construct check trenches at least 12 in. deep
every 50 ft. longitudinally along the edges of the mat or as directed. Fold over and
bury mat to the full depth of the trench, close and tamp firmly. Overlap mat at least 6
in. where 2 or more widths of mat are installed side by side.
Place anchors across the mat at the ends approximately 1 ft. apart. Place anchors
along the outer edges and down the center of the mat 3 ft. apart.
Adjustments in the trenching or anchoring requirements to fit individual site
conditions may be required.
Measurement and Payment
Coir Fiber Mat will be measured and paid for as the actual number of square yards
measured along the surface of the ground over which coir fiber mat is installed and
accepted.
No measurement will be made for anchor items.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Coir Fiber Mat Square Yard
CONCRETE WASHOUT STRUCTURE:
(01-03-19)
Description
Concrete washout structures are enclosures above or below grade to contain concrete
waste water and associated concrete mix from washing out ready -mix trucks, drums,
pumps, or other equipment. Concrete washouts must collect and retain all the concrete
washout water and solids, so that this material does not migrate to surface waters or into
the ground water. These enclosures are not intended for concrete waste not associated with
wash out operations.
The concrete washout structure may include constructed devices above or below ground
and or commercially available devices designed specifically to capture concrete wash
43 16-31

water
Materials
Item Section
Temporary Silt Fence 1605
Safety Fence shall meet the specifications as provided elsewhere in this contract.
Geomembrane basin liner shall meet the following minimum physical properties for low
permeability; it shall consist of a polypropylene or polyethylene 10 mil think
geomembrane. If the minimum setback dimensions can be achieved the liner is not
required. (5 feet above groundwater, 50 feet from top of bank of perennial stream, other
surface water body, or wetland.)
Construction Methods
Build an enclosed earthen berm or excavate to form an enclosure in accordance with the
details and as directed.
Install temporary silt fence around the perimeter of the enclosure in accordance with the
details and as directed if structure is not located in an area where existing erosion and
sedimentation control devices are capable to containing any loss of sediment.
Post a sign with the words "Concrete Washout" in close proximity of the concrete
washout area, so it is clearly visible to site personnel. Install safety fence as directed for
visibility to construction traffic.
The construction details for the above grade and below grade concrete washout structures
can be found on the following web page link:
https: Hconnect.ncdot. gov/resources/roadside/SoilWaterpocuments/ConcreteWashoutStructuredeta
il.pdf
Alternate details for accommodating concrete washout may be submitted for review and
approval.
The alternate details shall include the method used to retain and dispose of the concrete
waste water within the project limits and in accordance with the minimum setback
requirements. (5 feet above groundwater, 50 feet from top of bank of perennial stream,
other surface water body, or wetland.)
16-32 44

Maintenance and Removal
Maintain the concrete washout structure(s) to provide adequate holding capacity plus a
minimum freeboard of 12 inches. Remove and dispose of hardened concrete and return
the structure to a functional condition after reaching 75% capacity.
Inspect concrete washout structures for damage and maintain for effectiveness.
Remove the concrete washout structures and sign upon project completion. Grade the
earth material to match the existing contours and permanently seed and mulch area.
Measurement and Payment
Concrete Washout Structure will be paid for per each enclosure installed in accordance
with the details. If alternate details are approved then those details will also be paid for per
each approved and installed device.
Temporary Silt Fence will be measured and paid for in accordance with Article 1605-5 of
the Standard Specifications.
No measurement will be made for other items or for over excavation or stockpiling.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Concrete Washout Structure Each
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
(3-19-19) (rev. 04-27-19)
Description
The requirements set forth shall be adhered to in order to meet the applicable materials handling
requirements of the NCGO10000 permit. Structural controls installed to manage construction
materials stored or used on site shall be shown on the E&SC Plan. Requirements for handling
materials on construction sites shall be as follows:
Polyacrylamides (PAMS) and Flocculants
Polyacrylamides (PAMS) and flocculants shall be stored in leak -proof containers that are kept
under storm -resistant cover or surrounded by secondary containment structures designed to protect
adjacent surface waters. PAMS or other flocculants used shall be selected from the NC DWR List
of Approved PAMS/Flocculants The concentration of PAMS and other flocculants used shall not
exceed those specified in the NC DWR List of Approved PAMS/Flocculants and in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions. The NC DWR List of Approved PAMS/Flocculants is
available at:
45 16-33

hlt 2s:Hfiles.nc. gov/ncdeq/Water%20Qualiiy/Environmental%20Sciences/ATU/ApprovedPAMS4_
1 2017.pdf
Equipment Fluids
Fuels, lubricants, coolants, and hydraulic fluids, and other petroleum products shall be handled and
disposed of in a manner so as not to enter surface or ground waters and in accordance with
applicable state and federal regulations. Equipment used on the site must be operated and
maintained properly to prevent discharge of fluids. Equipment, vehicle, and other wash waters
shall not be discharged into E&SC basins or other E&SC devices. Alternative controls should be
provided such that there is no discharge of soaps, solvents, or detergents.
Waste Materials
Construction materials and land clearing waste shall be disposed of in accordance with North
Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 130A, Article 9 - Solid Waste Management, and rules
governing the disposal of solid waste (15A NCAC 1313). Areas dedicated for managing
construction material and land clearing waste shall be at least 50 feet away from storm drain inlets
and surface waters unless it can be shown that no other alternatives are reasonably available. Paint
and other liquid construction material waste shall not be dumped into storm drains. Paint and
other liquid construction waste washouts should be located at least 50 away from storm drain
inlets unless there is no alternative. Other options are to install lined washouts or use portable,
removable bags or bins. Hazardous or toxic waste shall be managed in accordance with the
federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and NC Hazardous Waste Rules at 15A
NCAC, Subchapter 13A. Litter and sanitary waste shall be managed in a manner to prevent it
from entering jurisdictional waters and shall be disposed of offsite.
Herbicide, Pesticide, and Rodenticides
Herbicide, pesticide, and rodenticides shall be stored and applied in accordance with the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, North Carolina Pesticide Law of 1971 and labeling
restrictions.
Concrete Materials
Concrete materials onsite, including excess concrete, must be controlled and managed to avoid
contact with surface waters, wetlands or buffers. No concrete or cement slurry shall be discharged
from the site. (Note that discharges from onsite concrete plants require coverage under a separate
NPDES permit — NCG140000.) Concrete wash water shall be managed in accordance with the
Concrete Washout Structure provision. Concrete slurry shall be managed and disposed of in
accordance with NCDOT DGS and HOS DCAR Distribution of Class A Residuals Statewide
(Permit No. WQ0035749). Any hardened concrete residue will be disposed of, or recycled on site,
in accordance with state solid waste regulations.
Earthen Material Stock Piles
Earthen material stock piles shall be located at least 50 feet away from storm drain inlets and
surface waters unless it can be shown that no other alternatives are reasonably available.
16-34 46

Measurement and Payment
Conditions set within the Construction Materials Management provision are incidental to the
project for which no direct compensation will be made.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS:
Description
This project is located in an Environmentally Sensitive Area. This designation requires
special procedures to be used for clearing and grubbing, temporary stream crossings, and
grading operations within the Environmentally Sensitive Areas identified on the plans and
as designated by the Engineer. This also requires special procedures to be used for
seeding and mulching and staged seeding within the project.
The Environmentally Sensitive Area shall be defined as a 50-foot buffer zone on both
sides of the stream or depression measured from top of streambank or center of
depression.
Construction Methods
(A) Clearing and Grubbing
In areas identified as Environmentally Sensitive Areas, the Contractor may
perform clearing operations, but not grubbing operations until immediately prior to
beginning grading operations as described in Article 200-1 of the Standard
Specifications. Only clearing operations (not grubbing) shall be allowed in this
buffer zone until immediately prior to beginning grading operations. Erosion
control devices shall be installed immediately following the clearing operation.
(B) Grading
Once grading operations begin in identified Environmentally Sensitive Areas,
work shall progress in a continuous manner until complete. All construction
within these areas shall progress in a continuous manner such that each phase is
complete and areas are permanently stabilized prior to beginning of next phase.
Failure on the part of the Contractor to complete any phase of construction in a
continuous manner in Environmentally Sensitive Areas will be just cause for the
Engineer to direct the suspension of work in accordance with Article 108-7 of the
Standard Specifications.
(C) Temporary Stream Crossings
Any crossing of streams within the limits of this project shall be accomplished in
accordance with the requirements of Subarticle 107-12 of the Standard
Specifications.
47 16-35

(D) Seeding and Mulching
Seeding and mulching shall be performed in accordance with Section 1660 of the
Standard Specifications and vegetative cover sufficient to restrain erosion shall be
installed immediately following grade establishment.
Seeding and mulching shall be performed on the areas disturbed by construction
immediately following final grade establishment. No appreciable time shall lapse
into the contract time without stabilization of slopes, ditches and other areas within
the Environmentally Sensitive Areas.
(E) Stage Seeding
The work covered by this section shall consist of the establishment of a vegetative
cover on cut and fill slopes as grading progresses. Seeding and mulching shall be
done in stages on cut and fill slopes that are greater than 20 feet in height measured
along the slope, or greater than 2 acres in area. Each stage shall not exceed the
limits stated above.
Additional payments will not be made for the requirements of this section, as the cost for
this work shall be included in the contract unit prices for the work involved.
MINIMIZE REMOVAL OF VEGETATION:
The Contractor shall minimize removal of vegetation within project limits to the maximum extent
practicable. Vegetation along stream banks and adjacent to other jurisdictional resources
outside the construction limits shall only be removed upon approval of Engineer. No
additional payment will be made for this minimization work.
REFORESTATION:
Description
Reforestation will be planted within interchanges and along the outside borders of the
road, and in other areas as directed. Reforestation is not shown on the plan sheets. See
the Reforestation Detail Sheet.
All non -maintained riparian buffers impacted by the placement of temporary fill or
clearing activities shall be restored to the preconstruction contours and revegetated
with native woody species.
The entire Reforestation operation shall comply with the requirements of Section 1670 of
the Standard Specifications.
16-36 48

Materials
Reforestation shall be bare root seedlings 12"-18" tall.
Construction Methods
Reforestation shall be planted as soon as practical following permanent Seeding and
Mulching. The seedlings shall be planted in a 16-foot wide swath adjacent to mowing
pattern line, or as directed.
Root dip: The roots of reforestation seedlings shall be coated with a slurry of water, and
either a fine clay (kaolin) or a superabsorbent that is designated as a bare root dip. The
type, mixture ratio, method of application, and the time of application shall be submitted
to the Engineer for approval.
With the approval of the Engineer, seedlings may be coated before delivery to the job
or at the time of planting, but at no time shall the roots of the seedlings be allowed to
dry out. The roots shall be moistened immediately prior to planting.
Seasonal Limitations: Reforestation shall be planted from November 15 through March
15.
Measurement and Payment
Reforestation will be measured and paid for in accordance with Article 1670-17 of the
Standard Specifications.
RESPONSE FOR EROSION CONTROL:
Description
Furnish the labor, materials, tools and equipment necessary to move personnel, equipment, and
supplies to the project necessary for the pursuit of any or all of the following work as shown
herein, by an approved subcontractor.
Section
Erosion Control Item
Unit
1605
Temporary Silt Fence
LF
1606
Special Sediment Control Fence
LF/TON
1615
Temporary Mulching
ACR
1620
Seed - Temporary Seeding
LB
1620
Fertilizer - Temporary Seeding
TN
1631
Matting for Erosion Control
SY
SP
Coir Fiber Mat
SY
49 16-37

1640
Coir Fiber Baffles
LF
SP
Permanent Soil Reinforcement Mat
SY
1660
Seeding and Mulching
ACR
1661
Seed - Repair Seeding
LB
1661
Fertilizer - Repair Seeding
TON
1662
Seed - Supplemental Seeding
LB
1665
Fertilizer Topdressing
TON
SP
Safety/Highly Visible Fencing
LF
SP
Response for Erosion Control
EA
Construction Methods
Provide an approved subcontractor who performs an erosion control action as described in the
NPDES Inspection Form SPPP30. Each erosion control action may include one or more of the
above work items.
Measurement and Payment
Response for Erosion Control will be measured and paid for by counting the actual number of
times the subcontractor moves onto the project, including borrow and waste sites, and
satisfactorily completes an erosion control action described in Form 1675. The provisions of
Article 104-5 of the Standard Specifications will not apply to this item of work.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Pay Unit
Response for Erosion Control Each
SAFETY FENCE AND JURISDICTIONAL FLAGGING:
Description
Safety Fence shall consist of furnishing materials, installing and maintaining polyethylene
or polypropylene fence along the outside riparian buffer, wetland, or water boundary, or
other boundaries located within the construction corridor to mark the areas that have been
approved to infringe within the buffer, wetland, endangered vegetation, culturally
sensitive areas or water. The fence shall be installed prior to any land disturbing
activities.
Interior boundaries for jurisdictional areas noted above shall be delineated by stakes and
highly visible flagging.
16-38 50

Jurisdictional boundaries at staging areas, waste sites, or borrow pits, whether considered
outside or interior boundaries shall be delineated by stakes and highly visible flagging.
Materials
(A) Safety Fencing
Polyethylene or polypropylene fence shall be a highly visible preconstructed safety fence
approved by the Engineer. The fence material shall have an ultraviolet coating.
Either wood posts or steel posts may be used. Wood posts shall be hardwood with a
wedge or pencil tip at one end, and shall be at least 5 ft. in length with a minimum
nominal 2" x 2" cross section. Steel posts shall be at least 5 ft. in length, and have a
minimum weight of 0.85 lb/ft of length.
(B) Boundary Flagging
Wooden stakes shall be 4 feet in length with a minimum nominal 3/4" x 1-3/4" cross
section. The flagging shall be at least 1" in width. The flagging material shall be vinyl and
shall be orange in color and highly visible.
Construction Methods
No additional clearing and grubbing is anticipated for the installation of this fence. The
fence shall be erected to conform to the general contour of the ground.
(A) Safety Fencing
Posts shall be set at a maximum spacing of 10 ft., maintained in a vertical position and
hand set or set with a post driver. Posts shall be installed a minimum of 2 ft. into the
ground. If hand set, all backfill material shall be thoroughly tamped. Wood posts may be
sharpened to a dull point if power driven. Posts damaged by power driving shall be
removed and replaced prior to final acceptance. The tops of all wood posts shall be cut at
a 30-degree angle. The wood posts may, at the option of the Contractor, be cut at this
angle either before or after the posts are erected.
The fence geotextile shall be attached to the wood posts with one 2" galvanized wire
staple across each cable or to the steel posts with wire or other acceptable means.
Place construction stakes to establish the location of the safety fence in accordance with
Article 105-9 or Article 801-1 of the Standard Specifications. No direct pay will be made
for the staking of the safety fence. All stakeouts for safety fence shall be considered
incidental to the work being paid for as "Construction Surveying", except that where there
is no pay item for construction surveying, all safety fence stakeout will be performed by
state forces.
51 16-39

The Contractor shall be required to maintain the safety fence in a satisfactory condition for
the duration of the project as determined by the Engineer.
(B) Boundary Flagging
Boundary flagging delineation of interior boundaries shall consist of wooden stakes on 25
feet maximum intervals with highly visible orange flagging attached. Stakes shall be
installed a minimum of 6" into the ground. Interior boundaries may be staked on a
tangent that runs parallel to buffer but must not encroach on the buffer at any location.
Interior boundaries of hand clearing shall be identified with a different colored flagging to
distinguish it from mechanized clearing.
Boundary flagging delineation of interior boundaries will be placed in accordance with
Article 105-9 or Article 801-1 of the Standard Specifications. No direct pay will be made
for delineation of the interior boundaries. This delineation will be considered incidental to
the work being paid for as Construction Surveying, except that where there is no pay item
or construction surveying the cost of boundary flagging delineation shall be included in
the unit prices bid for the various items in the contract. Installation for delineation of all
jurisdictional boundaries at staging areas, waste sites, or borrow pits shall consist of
wooden stakes on 25 feet maximum intervals with highly visible orange flagging attached.
Stakes shall be installed a minimum of 6" into the ground. Additional flagging may be
placed on overhanging vegetation to enhance visibility but does not substitute for
installation of stakes.
Installation of boundary flagging for delineation of all jurisdictional boundaries at staging
areas, waste sites, or borrow pits shall be performed in accordance with Subarticle 230-
4(B)(5) or Subarticle 802-2(F) of the Standard Specifications. No direct pay will be made
for this delineation, as the cost of same shall be included in the unit prices bid for the
various items in the contract.
The Contractor shall be required to maintain alternative stakes and highly visible flagging
in a satisfactory condition for the duration of the project as determined by the Engineer.
Measurement and Payment
Safety Fence will be measured and paid as the actual number of linear feet of polyethylene
or polypropylene fence installed in place and accepted. Such payment will be full
compensation including but not limited to furnishing and installing fence geotextile with
necessary posts and post bracing, staples, tie wires, tools, equipment and incidentals
necessary to complete this work.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item
Safety Fence
Pay Unit
Linear Foot
16-40 52

STOCKPILE AREAS:
The Contractor shall install and maintain erosion control devices sufficient to contain
sediment around any erodible material stockpile areas as directed.
ACCESS AND HAUL ROADS:
At the end of each working day, the Contractor shall install or re-establish temporary
diversions or earth berms across access/haul roads to direct runoff into sediment devices.
Silt fence sections that are temporarily removed shall be reinstalled across access/haul
roads at the end of each working day.
TEMPORARY ROCK SILT CHECK TYPE A WITH EXCELSIOR MATTING
AND POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAM):
Description
Temporary Rock Silt Checks Type A with Excelsior Matting and Polyacrylamide (PAM) are
devices utilized in temporary and permanent ditches to reduce runoff velocity and incorporate
PAM into the construction runoff to increase settling of sediment particles and reduce turbidity of
runoff. Temporary Rock Silt Checks Type A with Excelsior Matting and PAM are to be placed at
locations shown on the plans or as directed. Installation shall follow the detail provided in the
plans and as directed. Work includes furnishing materials, installation of Temporary Rock Silt
Checks Type A, matting installation, PAM application, and removing Temporary Rock Silt
Checks Type A with Excelsior Matting and PAM.
Materials
Structural stone shall be class B stone that meets the requirements of Section 1042 of the
Standard Specifications for Stone for Erosion Control, Class B.
Sediment control stone shall be #5 or #57 stone, which meets the requirements of Section
1005 of the Standard Specifications for these stone sizes.
Matting shall meet the requirements of Excelsior Matting in Subarticle 1060-8(B) of the Standard
Specifications, or shall meet specifications provided elsewhere in this contract.
Polyacrylamide (PAM) shall be applied in powder form and shall be anionic or neutrally
charged. Soil samples shall be obtained in areas where the Temporary Rock Silt Checks
Type A with Excelsior Matting and PAM will be placed, and from offsite material used to
construct the roadway, and analyzed for the appropriate PAM flocculant to be utilized
with each Temporary Rock Silt Check Type A. The PAM product used shall be listed on
the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Division of Water Resources
web site as an approved PAM product for use in North Carolina.
53 16-41

Construction Methods
Temporary Rock Silt Checks Type A shall be installed in accordance with Subarticle
1633-3(A) of the Standard Specifications, Roadway Standard Drawing No. 1633.01 and
the detail provided in the plans.
Installation of matting shall be in accordance with the detail provided in the plans, and
anchored by placing Class B stone on top of the matting at the upper and lower ends.
Apply PAM at a rate of 4 ounces over the center portion of the Temporary Rock Silt
Checks Type A and matting where the water is going to flow over. PAM applications
shall be done during construction activities and after every rainfall event that is equal to or
exceeds 0.50 in.
The Contractor shall maintain the Temporary Rock Silt Checks Type A with Excelsior
Matting and PAM until the project is accepted or until the Temporary Rock Silt Checks
Type A with Excelsior Matting and PAM are removed, and shall remove and dispose of
silt accumulations at the Temporary Rock Silt Checks Type A with Excelsior Matting and
PAM when so directed in accordance with the requirements of Section 1630 of the
Standard Specifications.
Measurement and Payment
Temporary Rock Silt Checks Type A will be measured and paid for in accordance with Article 1633-5
of the Standard Specifications, or in accordance with specifications provided elsewhere in this
contract.
Matting will be measured and paid for in accordance with Article 1631-4 of the Standard
Specifications, or in accordance with specifications provided elsewhere in this contract.
Polyacrylamide(PAM) will be measured and paid for by the actual weight in pounds of PAM applied
to the Temporary Rock Silt Checks Type A. Such price and payment will be full compensation
for all work covered by this section, including, but not limited to, furnishing all materials,
labor, equipment and incidentals necessary to apply the Polyacrylamide(PAM).
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item
Polyacrylamide(PAM)
WASTE AND BORROW SOURCES:
Pay Unit
Pound
Payment for temporary erosion control measures, except those made necessary by the
Contractor's own negligence or for his own convenience, will be paid for at the
appropriate contract unit price for the devices or measures utilized in borrow sources and
waste areas.
No additional payment will be made for erosion control devices or permanent seeding and
16-42 54

mulching in any commercial borrow or waste pit. All erosion and sediment control
practices that may be required on a commercial borrow or waste site will be done at the
Contractor's expense.
All offsite Staging Areas, Borrow and Waste sites shall be in accordance with "Borrow
and Waste Site Reclamation Procedures for Contracted Projects" located at:
https://connect.ncdot. gov/resources/roadside/FieldOperationsDocuments/ContractedRecla
mationProcedures.pdf
All forms and documents referenced in the `Borrow
Procedures for Contracted Projects" shall be included
offsite staging areas, and borrow and waste sites.
WATTLES WITH POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAM):
Description
and Waste Site Reclamation
with the reclamation plans for
Wattles are tubular products consisting of excelsior fibers encased in synthetic netting.
Wattles are used on slopes or channels to intercept runoff and act as a velocity break.
Wattles are to be placed at locations shown on the plans or as directed. Installation shall
follow the detail provided in the plans and as directed. Work includes furnishing
materials, installation of wattles, matting installation, PAM application, and removing
wattles.
Materials
Wattle shall meet the following specifications:
100% Curled Wood
(Excelsior) Fibers
Minimum Diameter
12 in.
Minimum Density
2.5 lb/ft3 +/- 10%
Net Material
Synthetic
Net Openings
1 in. x 1 in.
Net Configuration
Totally Encased
Minimum Weight
20 lb. +/- 10% per 10 ft. length
Anchors: Stakes shall be used as anchors.
Wooden Stakes:
Provide hardwood stakes a minimum of 2-ft. long with a 2 in. x 2 in. nominal square
cross section. One end of the stake must be sharpened or beveled to facilitate driving
down into the underlying soil.
55 16-43

Matting shall meet the requirements of Article 1060-8 of the Standard Specifications, or
shall meet specifications provided elsewhere in this contract.
Provide staples made of 0.125" diameter new steel wire formed into a u shape not less
than 12" in length with a throat of 1" in width.
Polyacrylamide (PAM) shall be applied in powder form and shall be anionic or neutrally
charged. Soil samples shall be obtained in areas where the wattles will be placed, and
from offsite material used to construct the roadway, and analyzed for the appropriate PAM
flocculant to be utilized with each wattle. The PAM product used shall be listed on the
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Division of Water Resources web
site as an approved PAM product for use in North Carolina.
Construction Methods
Wattles shall be secured to the soil by wire staples approximately every 1 linear foot and
at the end of each section of wattle. A minimum of 4 stakes shall be installed on the
downstream side of the wattle with a maximum spacing of 2 linear feet along the wattle,
and according to the detail. Install a minimum of 2 stakes on the upstream side of the
wattle according to the detail provided in the plans. Stakes shall be driven into the ground
a minimum of 10 in. with no more than 2 in. projecting from the top of the wattle. Drive
stakes at an angle according to the detail provided in the plans.
Only install wattle(s) to a height in ditch so flow will not wash around wattle and scour
ditch slopes and according to the detail provided in the plans and as directed. Overlap
adjoining sections of wattles a minimum of 6 in.
Installation of matting shall be in accordance with the detail provided in the plans, and in
accordance with Article 1631-3 of the Standard Specifications, or in accordance with
specifications provided elsewhere in this contract.
Apply PAM over the lower center portion of the wattle where the water is going to flow
over at a rate of 2 ounces per wattle, and 1 ounce of PAM on matting on each side of the
wattle. PAM applications shall be done during construction activities after every rainfall
event that is equal to or exceeds 0.50 in.
The Contractor shall maintain the wattles until the project is accepted or until the wattles
are removed, and shall remove and dispose of silt accumulations at the wattles when so
directed in accordance with the requirements of Section 1630 of the Standard
Specifications.
Measurement and Payment
Wattles will be measured and paid for by the actual number of linear feet of wattles
which are installed and accepted. Such price and payment will be full
16-44 56

compensation for all work covered by this section, including, but not limited to,
furnishing all materials, labor, equipment and incidentals necessary to install
the Wattles.
Matting will be measured and paid for in accordance with Article 1631-4 of the
Standard Specifications, or in accordance with specifications provided
elsewhere in this contract.
Polyacrylamide(PAM) will be measured and paid for by the actual weight in pounds
of PAM applied to the wattles. Such price and payment will be full
compensation for all work covered by this section, including, but not limited to,
furnishing all materials, labor, equipment and incidentals necessary to apply the
Polyacrylamide(PAM).
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item
Polyacrylamide(PAM)
Wattle
Pay Unit
Pound
Linear Foot
57 16-45

EROSION and SEDIMENTATION CONTROL PLAN PRELIMINARY REVIEW CHECKLIST
The following items shall be incorporated with respect to specific site conditions, in an erosion & sedimentation control plan:
NPDES Construction Stormwater General Permit NCG010000
X Designation on the plans where the 7 or 14 day ground stabilization requirements apply per Part II.E.1 of the permit.
N/A Design of basins with one acre or more of drainage area for surface withdrawal as per Part II.B.8 of the permit.
LOCATION INFORMATION
X Project location & labeled vicinity map (roads, streets, landmarks)
X North arrow and scale
X Identify River Basin.
X Provide a copy of site located on applicable USGS quadrangle
and NRCS Soils maps if it is in a River Basin with Riparian Buffer
requirements.
GENERAL SITE FEATURES (Plan elements)
X Property lines & ownership ID for adjoining properties
X Existing contours (topographic lines)
No_ Proposed contours
X Limits of disturbed area (provide acreage total, delineate limits,
and label). Be sure to include all access to measures, lots that will
be disturbed, and utilities that may extend offsite.
X Planned and existing building locations and elevations
X Planned & existing road locations & elevations, including
temporary access roads
X Lot and/or building numbers
X Hydrogeologic features: rock outcrops, seeps, springs, wetland
and their limits, streams, lakes, ponds, dams, etc. (include all
required local or state buffer zones and any DWQ Riparian Buffer
determinations)
X Easements and drainageways, particularly required for offsite
affected areas. Include copies of any recorded easements and/or
agreements with adjoining property owners.
N/A_ Profiles of streets, utilities, ditch lines, etc.
X Stockpiled topsoil or subsoil locations
X If the same person conducts the land -disturbing activity & any
related borrow or waste activity, the related borrow or waste
activity shall constitute part of the land -disturbing activity unless
the borrow or waste activity is regulated under the Mining Act of
1971, or is a landfill regulated by the Division of Waste
Management. If the land -disturbing activity and any related
borrow or waste activity are not conducted by the same person,
they shall be considered separate land -disturbing activities and
must be permitted either through the Sedimentation Pollution
Control Act as a one -use borrow site or through the Mining Act.
N/A Location and details associated with any onsite stone crushing or
other processing of material excavated. If the affected area
associated with excavation, processing, stockpiles and transport
of such materials will comprise 1 or more acres, and materials will
be leaving the development tract, a mining permit will be required.
X Required Army Corps 404 permit and Water Quality 401
certification (e.g. stream disturbances over 150 linear feet)
EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES (on plan)
X Legend (provide appropriate symbols for all measures and
reference them to the construction details)
X Location of temporary measures
X Location of permanent measures
X Construction drawings and details for
temporary and permanent measures. Show measures to scale on
plan and include proposed contours where necessary. Ensure
design storage requirements are maintained through all phases of
construction.
X Maintenance requirements for measures
X Contact person responsible for maintenance
SITE DRAINAGE FEATURES
X Existing and planned drainage patterns (include off -site areas that
drain through project and address temporary and permanent
conveyance of stormwater over graded slopes)
X Method used to determine acreage of land being disturbed and
drainage areas to all proposed measures (e.g. delineation map)
N/A Size, pipe material and location of culverts and sewers
X Soil information: type, special characteristics
X Soil information below culvert storm outlets 58
N/A_ Name and classification of receiving water course or name of
municipal operator (only where stormwater discharges are to
occur)
STORMWATER CALCULATIONS
N/A_ Pre -construction runoff calculations for each outlet from the site (at
peak discharge points). Be sure to provide all supporting data for
the computation methods used (rainfall data for required storm
events, time of concentration/storm duration, and runoff
coefficients).
N/A_ Design calculations for peak discharges of runoff (including the
construction phase & the final runoff coefficients for the site)
N/A_ Design calcs for culverts and storm sewers (include HW, TW and
outlet velocities)
N/A_ Discharge and velocity calculations for open channel and ditch
flows (easement & rights -of -way)
N/A_ Design calcs for cross sections and method of stabilization for
existing and planned channels (include temporary linings). Include
appropriate permissible velocity and/or shear stress data.
N/A_ Design calcs and construction details for energy dissipaters below
culvert and storm sewer outlets (include stone/material specs &
apron dimensions). Avoid discharges on fill slopes.
N/A_ Design calcs and dimension of sediment basins (note current
surface area and dewatering standards as well as diversion of
runoff to the basins). Be sure that all surface drains, including
ditches and berms, will have positive drainage to the basins.
VEGETATIVE STABILIZATION
X Area & acreage to be stabilized with vegetation
X Method of soil preparation
X Seed type & rates (temporary & permanent)
X Fertilizer type and rates
X Mulch type and rates (include mulch anchoring methods)
NOTE: Plan should include provisions for groundcover in accordance with
NPDES Construction Stormwater General Permit NCG010000.
FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/OWNERSHIP FORM
X Completed, signed & notarized FR/O Form
X Accurate application fee payable to NCDEQ ($65.00 per acre
rounded up the next acre with no ceiling amount)
X Certificate of assumed name, if the owner is a partnership
X Name of Registered Agent (if applicable)
X Copy of the most current Deed for the site. Please make sure the
deed(s) and ownership information are consistent between the
plan sheets, local records and this form.
X Provide latitude & longitude (in decimal degrees) at the project
entrance.
X Two hard -copies of the plans (some regional offices require
additional plans or multiple sizes; please contact the regional
coordinator prior to such submittal.)
NOTE: For the Express Permitting Option, inquire at the local Regional
Office for availability. Express Reviews are performed by
appointment only.
NARRATIVE AND CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
X Narrative describing the nature & purpose of the construction
activity.
X Construction sequence related to erosion and sediment control
(including installation of critical measures prior to the initiation of
the land -disturbing activity & removal of measures after areas they
serve are permanently stabilized). Address all phases of
construction and necessary practices associated with temporary
stream bypasses and/or crossings.
X Bid specifications related only to erosion control
rev. 05142019

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LEGEND
680 INDEX CONTOUR WITH ELEVATION, (b1SL)
INTERMEDIATE CONTOUR
BASE RING
PAVED ROAD
DIRT / UNIMPROVED ROAD
RAILROAD
FENCE
GUARD RAIL
DITCH (WATER) LINE
SWAMP LINE
TREE LINE
SCRUB LINE
0 TREESYMBOL
4 SWAMPSYMBOL
Q BUILDING
25.5 SPOT ELEVATION, (MSL)
X
25.5 ESTIMATED SPOT ELEVATION, WSL)
EA WATER ELEVATION, (MSL)
100 IN
75
E 0423 4. 51 BENCH MARK LOCATION WITH ELEVATION, SL
N 152719 .51 )
Z 25.58
♦ 9 WELL (VARIOUS TYPES)
o UTILITY POLE
.a TRAFFIC SIGN
0 MISC. / UNKNOWN OBJECT
- HYDRANT
O MANHOLE
. GUY WIRE
Q LIGHTPOLE
- CULVERT
❑ CATCHBASIN
A ROCK CHECK DAM
_ NEUSE RIVER BUFFER ZONE 1
_ NEUSE RIVER BUFFER ZONE 2
10 LAT/LONG POINTS ALONG PERMIT BOUNDARY
)( PROPOSED PERIMETER SECURITY FENCE
® FENCE CONSTRUCTION ZONE
PROPOSED VISUAL/NOISE BARRIER WALL
NOTES: Accuracy Specifications
1) Contours - Ninety (90) percent of the elevations determined from the solid
line contours of this topographic map has an accuracy with respect to
true elevation of one-half (1 /2) contour interval or better and the remaining ten
(1 0) percent of such elevations are not in error by more than one contour
interval. In densely wooded areas where heavy brush or tree cover fully obscures
the ground and the contours are shown as dashed lines, they have been plotted as
accurately as possible from the stereoscopic model, while making full use of
spot elevations obtained during ground control surveys and all spot elevations
measured photogrammettically in places where the ground is visible.
2) This map was compiled by Garland Photogrammetric Services, L.L.C. using photogrammetric
methods. Contours portrayed as dashed or broken lines represent areas of dense vegetation
and should be considered approximate. This map has not been field verified.
Prior to use as a basis for design / construction, it should be field verified.
3) Buildings are shown roofline only. N
0 150 300
1 1 1 1 1 1 Feet
SCALE: 1" = 150'
COMPILED BY PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHODS
15 WAKE STONE
CORPORATION
Wake Stone Corporation
Triangle Quarry
Wake County
Mining Permit No. 92-10
Site Plan Map
2020 Mining Permit Modification
(Adding RDU Mineral Lease)
Last Revised: August 4, 2021
DATE OF PHOTOGRAPHY: 03-17-2019
REVISION No.: 4
Map Prepared by: L. Cole Atkins, Geologist
SHEET No.: 3 of 13
2065000.0000
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< /�\ _r���� =. �� \ �\ �� � �/ /1 C � I 1 � �IIIII -�I - C / 1
Affected Areas as of 02/04/2011
Land Use Classes Acreage of Affected Area
Currently Active Pit Area
90.25 Acres +/-
Plant/Stockpiles/Office Areas
57.0 Acres +/-
Vegetated Earthen Berms
17.2 Acres +/-
Total Affected Area
164.45 Acres
Permitted Acreage
223.0 Acres +/-
Proposed Affected Areas for Permit Modification
Land Use Classes
Acreage of Affected Area
Proposed Pit Area (Active Pit)
93.16 Acres +/-
Proposed Pit Area (New Pit)
55.0 Acres +/-
Plant/Stockpiles/Office Areas
57.0 Acres +/-
Wall Construction/E&SC/Access Road
3.6 Acres +/-
Existing Vegetated Earthen Berms
17.2 Acres +/-
Total Affected Area
226.0 Acres +/-
Permitted Acreage
329.0 Acres +/-
Special Land Use*
Fence Construction Area
0.613 Acres +/-
' Minimal tree removal. stumps to remain or be ground in place
2065500.0000 2066
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Demonstration of Proiect Purpose, Need, and Minimization of Impacts
Pursuant to 15A NCAC 02B .0714 (11)(c)(ii), bridges that impact portions of the Neuse River
Riparian buffers are "Allowable upon Authorization" by the North Carolina Division of Water Resources
(DWR). An applicant who wishes to undertake uses that will impact the Neuse River riparian buffers
must apply to DWR requesting an Authorization Certificate. The application must provide certain
information explicitly described in 15A NCAC 02B .0611, including a demonstration that the project
meets the following criteria:
(A) The basic project purpose cannot be practically accomplished in a manner that would avoid or better
minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and protect water quality.
(B) The use cannot practically be reduced in size or density, reconfigured, or redesigned to better
minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and protect water quality; and
(C) Best management practices shall be used to minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat,
and protect water quality. The following narrative dissertation and exhibits provides a description of the
project and Wake Stone Corporation's justification for requesting a Neuse River Buffer Authorization
Certificate.
Project Information and Prior Project History
On April 7, 2020, Wake Stone Corporation (WSC) made application for authorization of impacts
to the Neuse River Riparian Buffer under the provisions of 15A NCAC 02B .0233. On June 4, 2020, the NC
Division of Water Resources issued the requested buffer authorization (DWR#2017-1487v3), conditioned
upon receipt of the required modified Mining Permit. The Buffer Authorization was subsequently
appealed to the NC Office of Administrative Hearings. The contested case was heard by Michael C.
Byrne, Administrative Law Judge on February 17-19, 2021. In his FINAL DECISION (copy attached) issued
on September 27, 2021, Judge Byrne REVERSED the agency's issuance of the Buffer Authorization, stating
that the agency had failed to document the required finding of facts and had acted erroneously with
respect to issuance of the Buffer Authorization. By letter dated October 7, 2021 (copy attached), NCDWR
notified WSC of the ALJ's final decision, stating that WSC does not have authorization to impact riparian
buffers under the Neuse River Riparian Buffer Rules. Having no other apparent recourse, Wake Stone
Corporation is re -applying to the NCDWR, requesting a Buffer Authorization Certificate under the revised
Neuse River Riparian Buffer Rules which became effective June 15, 2020 as codified at 15A NCAC 02B
.0714.
WSC has entered into a Mining Lease agreement with the Raleigh Durham Airport Authority
(RDU) for expansion of WSC's Triangle Quarry onto RDU property known as the "Odd Fellows Tract" (105
acres). WSC currently operates the Triangle Quarry on 223 acres located in the northwest quadrant of
Interstate Highway 40 (1-40) and North Harrison Avenue north of Cary, North Carolina. The existing
quarry site (in continuous operation since 1983) consists of an open pit mine, crushed stone processing
plant, stockpile/sales yard areas, and associated ancillary facilities. The quarry site is bounded on the
south by 1-40, on the west and north by Crabtree Creek, and on the east by William B. Umstead State
Park. Commercial, business, and residential areas are located south of the quarry across 1-40. The
undeveloped property controlled by RDU (105-acre Odd Fellows Tract) is located across Crabtree Creek to
the west of the Triangle Quarry. The Odd Fellows Tract is currently characterized by mature mixed pine
and hardwood forest managed by RDU under their forest management plan, and as determined through

exploration drilling conducted by WSC, contains stone reserves suitable for production of crushed stone
aggregate products.
The only public road access to the Odd Fellows Tract is from Old Reedy Creek Road utilizing the
single lane weight limit bridge over Crabtree Creek. The Town of Cary and other interested parties have
raised significant opposition to WSC's use of that road for the project. Based upon the limitations of the
single lane bridge and opposition to use of Old Reedy Creek Road, the only possible access to the
property (for the quarry expansion project) is by building a bridge across Crabtree Creek. The buffer
impacts requested under this application are associated with the construction of a proposed bridge
across Crabtree Creek. In the absence of any other suitable/practical transportation routes, the
proposed bridge will link the quarry expansion site on the RDU Odd Fellows Tract with the existing
Triangle Quarry.
Proposed Activity
The proposed activity (which requires NCDWR authorization for impacts to a portion of the
Neuse River Riparian Buffer along Crabtree Creek) is the construction and operation of a bridge across
Crabtree Creek. In expanding the Triangle Quarry onto the RDU-controlled Odd Fellows Tract, WSC
intends to develop a new mine pit west of Crabtree Creek and will utilize the planned bridge for initial
site development, removal of excavated overburden from the property (either to the existing Triangle
Quarry pit for storage or trucked out the Harrison Avenue entrance to construction sites), and the
transport of raw aggregate reserve materials to the existing Triangle Quarry site for processing and sale.
During initial development of the new pit area, the bridge will be utilized for timber removal operations
through the existing quarry entrance on North Harrison Avenue and the movement of necessary
earthmoving and mining equipment between the existing quarry and the expansion site. Therefore, the
purpose of the project (bridge construction) is to provide the access necessary to develop a new mine
pit on the Odd Fellows Tract, and following initial site development, provide a means of safe and
efficient transport of harvested timber initially, then overburden and mined aggregate reserves to the
Triangle Quarry for processing and sale.
The proposed bridge provides the only practical alternative for movement of the heavy mine
equipment necessary for site development and once mining begins, off -road haulage of overburden and
quarry -generated stone and overburden to the existing processing facility. This is because the Odd
Fellows Tract is currently accessible only by Old Reedy Creek Road. Old Reedy Creek Road is a narrow
two-lane unpaved road (in the portion north of 1-40), which utilizes a single -lane antiquated bridge
where it crosses Crabtree Creek south of 1-40. Old Reedy Creek Road is not an acceptable travel way for
movement of heavy mining equipment, nor is it suitable, or even conceivable for use in the daily
transport of mined aggregate reserves, timber removal, or future off -site transport of
overburden/borrow to area construction sites. As noted by Judge Byrne in his findings of fact
incorporated into his FINAL DECISION (copy attached), "The evidence showed that there are no practical
alternatives to a bridge at the proposed location due to the geographic limitations of the area in
question, the lack of existing improved road options, and the existing use of areas otherwise bordering
the Odd Fellows Tract (Umstead Park and Interstate 40)."
In determining the viability of operating a mine pit on the Odd Fellows Tract, WSC determined
that construction of a bridge across Crabtree Creek provides the only practical means of safely and
efficiently moving the mined aggregate reserves to the existing quarry site for processing and sale.

WSC further recognized that such a bridge would need to be of sufficient design to safely support fully
loaded off -road mine haulage units (mine trucks), the largest/heaviest pieces of mine equipment that
would use the bridge, and any other mine support equipment. Additionally, WSC determined that as the
new pit is being developed, in addition to the off -road mine vehicle usage, the bridge will also be utilized
for highway -legal dump trucks transporting overburden materials to local construction sites. From a
safety standpoint, the bridge design would also need to incorporate means of separating mine truck
usage from highway -legal truck usage. It also must be made wide enough and incorporate guard railing
sufficient to prevent spillage of materials into Crabtree Creek. Given these operating
scenarios/requirements, WSC contracted with Michael Baker International (MBI), an internationally
recognized bridge design firm, to prepare preliminary bridge design plans which met these requirements.
With WSC's use of 65-ton capacity off -road haul trucks (which are approximately 20' wide), the
need to provide for two-way mine haul truck travel (for safety and production efficiency), two-way
highway truck travel during times when the bridge will be used for off -site transport of
overburden/borrow, and the necessity for sufficient width to prevent spillage loss into Crabtree Creek,
MBI and WSC determined a minimum bridge width of 60' will be required to meet the project purpose.
A 60' wide bridge will provide two lanes of travel measuring 27' in width. 27' of width provides the
minimum width necessary for safe travel using the 65-ton haul units, and when coupled with poured -in -
place concrete guardrails, provides protection against spillage into Crabtree Creek.
As previously stated, WSC Triangle Quarry utilizes a fleet of 65-ton capacity haul units. The
number of haul trucks in the fleet varies depending upon haul distances and primary crusher production
demands. Seven such trucks are currently stationed at the Triangle Quarry with six trucks typically
utilized in daily pit operations. During active stone production, these trucks make continuous roundtrips
between the blasted rock muck pile in the pit to the primary crusher station. Continuous daily two-way
traffic requires dedicated travel lanes of sufficient separation to provide safe traffic flow. For two-way
traffic, the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) recommends a haul road width of 3.5
times the width of the largest haul unit using the roadway. With uses of 65-ton capacity haul trucks, this
equates to a MSHA recommended road width of 70 feet. (MSHA Inspector Guide — attached.)
WSC further instructed MBI to provide a preliminary design that met the minimum 60' width
requirement as well as minimized the resultant buffer impact area and spanned the regulatory floodway
(100-year floodway) so that no support structures will be required within the creek and the bridge will
not restrict passage of the 100-year flood discharge of the creek. WSC, MBI, and MBI's subcontractor
Sungate Environmental examined areas along Crabtree Creek that would be suitable for bridge
construction. Constraining factors included existing topography, straight versus crooked runs of the
creek, and areas with minimal width of the regulatory. floodway. (Judge Byrne stated in the findings of
fact incorporated in his FINAL DECISION "The evidence showed that there are no practical alternatives
to a bridge at the proposed location due to the geographic limitations of the area in question...'.)
Once a suitable location was determined (straight run with the narrowest regulatory floodway) that met
these minimization criteria, Michael Baker prepared preliminary bridge design schematics that
incorporate vertical concrete headwalls/abutments placed outside the regulatory, floodway, precast
concrete "1" beam trusses, and poured -in -place concrete deck and guardrail systems. The resultant
bridge will be 60' wide by just over 100' in length. (See attached bridge plan and profile.) Approaches to
the bridge were designed to incorporate vertical concrete retaining walls (again, to minimize buffer
impact area and compacted earth fill to bring the approaches to final grade. This design constraint

alleviated the need for 2H:1V stabilized fill slopes that would require additional buffer impact area.
Trader Construction Company, a bridge construction contractor provided Sungate Environmental with
guidance on the minimum extent of areas that would necessarily be disturbed for bridge construction.
Sungate incorporated these constraints in their determination of the minimum buffer impact area (see
attached buffer impact drawings). In accordance with 15A NCAC 02B .0611 (b) (2) (A), the basic project
purpose cannot be practically accomplished in a manner that would avoid or better minimize
disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and protect water quality.
Bridge Construction activities will be confined only to the area identified for buffer impact
authorization. Typical bridge construction techniques are to be employed. Steel 1-beam pilings will be
driven to bedrock refusal, with poured concrete footings and vertical headwalls/end bents supported by
these piles. Concrete retaining walls will be constructed for approach areas and compacted fill placed to
final lines and grades. Equipment to be used during bridge construction are those types typically used for
construction and earthwork (such as excavators, bulldozers, graders, and cranes). There will be NO
IMPACTS TO CRABTREE CREEK (temporary or otherwise), no causeway or construction platforms, etc.
which are common for many bridge construction projects.
Bridge Construction Sequence
• Flag clearing limits for bridge approaches, end bents, and wing walls.
• Clear and grub flagged area for bridge approaches, end bents, and wing walls.
• Install perimeter silt fencing/reinforced silt fencing/silt fence outlets.
• Excavate area required for foundations/footings. Remove spoil to suitable storage areas.
• Install driven HP 12 X 53 steel piles to refusal.
• Install forms for placement of concrete foundations/footings.
• Place concrete in foundations.
• Remove concrete forms from foundations once cured.
• Install forms for placement of concrete in end bents, pour end bents, and strip forms once cured.
• Install wing walls.
• Backfill approach areas behind end bents and wing walls.
• Set precast concrete beams.
• Form, pour, and strip concrete bridge deck.
• Form, pour, and strip concrete barrier rails and median barrier.
• Form, pour, and strip east end and west end approach slabs.
• Grade final approaches to provide positive drainage to the depleted Triangle Quarry pit.
• Install permanent seeding/establish ground cover (including any required riparian plantings) on
disturbed areas (Note: pursuant to 15A NCAC 02B .0714 (11)(g), a one-time fertilizer application
at agronomic rates is deemed allowable in the riparian buffer to establish replanted vegetation.)
Re -vegetation plantings will incorporate soil fertility tests and nutrient recommendations by the
NC Dept. of Agriculture - Agronomic Division.

Impact Justification and Mitigation
Avoidance and Minimization
The proposed bridge design incorporates the minimum width necessary to meet the project purpose.
A 60' wide bridge is necessary for safe and efficient two-way mine haul truck travel, and to protect
against spillage into Crabtree Creek. The haul units currently employed at the Triangle Quarry measure
approximately 20' in width. The current fleet of haul units operate continuously throughout the
production day, with loaded trucks moving pit material to the primary crushing station in the existing
quarry pit, and then immediately upon dumping of their load, returning empty to the muck pile for
another load. To efficiently meet the daily production demands, these trucks must be provided
unimpeded travel between the pit production areas and the primary crushing station, and the travel
ways (including the proposed bridge) must be of sufficient width and configuration to provide a measure
of safety. During peak pit production demand times, 180-220 mine haul truckloads of mined stone are
processed through the primary crusher daily, or 360-440 truck trips that would be crossing the bridge.
(10 hrs. per day X 60 mins. per hr.) 1440 truck trips per day equates to a truck on the bridge every 1.4
minutes, with loaded and returning empty trucks crossing the bridge simultaneously. (The primary
crusher at the Triangle quarry is run at peak production capacity (1,350 tons per hour). At 65 tons per
truck, this is approximately 21 full loads per hour, or 42 round trips. In a 10-hour production day, 420
trips across the bridge will occur for daily stone production, not to mention other ancillary uses of the
bridge for mine service vehicles and overburden removal. Therefore, two-way unimpeded traffic flow
must be provided. A 60' wide bridge meets this requirement.
• After initial site development, and for a majority of the life of the mine, overburden will need to
be removed from the Odd Fellows site. In addition to customer -driven highway legal dump
trucks hauling overburden off -site to construction sites, WSC will utilize heavy mine trucks to
transport excess overburden from the Odd Fellows tract to the Triangle Quarry pit for storage.
Separation of these customer trucks from the much larger mine haul trucks will be necessary for
safety purposes. The bridge is designed such that highway trucks will use a dedicated 27' wide
lane for loaded and unloaded trucks (two-way highway legal dump truck traffic simultaneously).
A concrete median barrier will separate the two 27' travel way portions of the bridge. Mine haul
truck traffic will utilize the other 27' portion for one-way traffic across the bridge. In this
scenario, WSC must actively manage the traffic of the mine haul trucks utilizing flagmen.
Utilization of only one lane of the bridge is not an optimum scenario for safe mine haul truck
production of crushed stone, but it can be managed on a temporary as -needed basis. For most
of the time the bridge is utilized, it will provide for two-way haul truck access without the safety
concerns of the competing customer truck scenario. This bridge design is the most practical
solution to the need of providing safe and efficient travel for highway -legal and mine haul
trucks operating simultaneously (See attached bridge traffic scenario exhibits).
• Location of the bridge was chosen in a straight run section of Crabtree Creek. This location
allows construction of the bridge at a 90-degree angle to the creek, thereby minimizing the area
of buffer impact.
• Bridge approaches were designed with the minimum turn radius required for safe operator
visibility, thereby minimizing the area of buffer utilized.
• Compacted fill required to bring the bridge approaches to final lines and grades will be placed
between vertical concrete walls. Use of such walls increases project overall costs but minimizes
required buffer impact footprint by negating the alternate need for 2H:1V fill slopes.

WSC and its contractors have made extensive efforts to minimize the area of impact associated with
the bridge construction project. In accordance with 15A NCAC 02B .0611 (b) (2) (B) the use cannot
practically be reduced in size, re -configured, or redesigned to better minimize disturbance, preserve
aquatic life and habitat, and protect water quality.
Avoidance and minimization of proposed impacts through construction techniques
During the design phase of the bridge project, WSC and its contractors (MBI, Sungate, and
Trader) made concerted effort to devise a bridge design of the minimum size necessary to meet the basis
project purpose. Final bridge design incorporates the use of concrete end bents supported by driven
steel piles and concrete footers. As previously discussed, these structures will be placed outside the
regulatory floodway of Crabtree Creek and will support a system of precast I-beam girders supporting
the solid concrete bridge deck. The bridge decking will be installed without through -deck scuppers to
prevent stormwater drainage to the underlying Neuse Buffer and Crabtree Creek and will incorporate
guardrails to prevent spillage into Crabtree Creek or its riparian buffers. A bridge design of this scope will
allow the bridge construction contractor (Trader) to operate completely within the limited buffer impact
footprint indicated on the plans.
Prior to initiation of bridge construction, the approved limits of disturbance on both sides of
Crabtree Creek will be clearly marked, with tree protection fencing installed as necessary. Erosion and
Sediment Control Plan dictated silt fencing (with protected outlets) will be installed prior to the clearing
and grubbing required for bridge construction. Such structures will be inspected daily and repaired as
necessary to prevent any sedimentation or other disturbance beyond the approved disturbance area.
Access for equipment utilized during the construction process will be limited to the non -buffer portions of
the project area. Cranes, excavators, and other equipment utilized for driven pile installation, foundation
footing installation, and construction of the concrete end bents will remain within the approved
disturbance area. Cranes utilized for placement of the precast concrete 1-beam trusses will operate only
within the bridge approach areas. In accordance with 15A NCAC 02B .0611 (b) (2) (C), these best
management practices shall be used to minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and
protect water quality.

ROY COOPER
Governor
MICHAEL S. REGAN
Secretary
S. DANIEL SMITH
Director
Wake Stone Corporation
Mr. Sam Bratton
PO Box 190
6281 Knightdale Blvd
Knightdale, NC 27545-0190
NORTH CAROLINA
Environmental Quality
June 4, 2020
DWR # 2017-1487v3
Wake County
Subject: AUTHORIZATION CERTIFICATE PER THE NEUSE RIVER BASIN RIPARIAN BUFFER
PROTECTION RULES (15A NCAC 02B .0233) WITH ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
Wake Stone Corporation — Triangle Quarry — Bridge Across Crabtree Creek
Dear Mr. Bratton:
You have our approval for the impacts listed below for the purpose described in your
application dated April 7, 2020 and received by the Division of Water Resources (Division) April
7, 2020. Additional information was requested April 22, 2020 and was received on April 23,
2020. This Authorization Certificate shall expire five (5) years from the date of this letter.
These impacts are covered by the Neuse River Basin Riparian Buffer Rules and the conditions
listed below. Please note that you should get any other federal, state or local permits before
proceeding with your project, including those required by (but not limited to) Sediment and
Erosion Control, Non -Discharge, and Water Supply Watershed regulations.
This approval requires you to follow the following additional conditions:
1. The following impacts are hereby approved upon issuance of modified Mining Permit
92-10 allowing for mining activities on the "Odd Fellows Tract" property and provided
that all of the other specific and general conditions of the Buffer Rules are met. No
other impacts are approved, including incidental impacts [15A NCAC 02B .0233(8)]:
Type of Impact
Amount Approved
Amount Approved
(units)
(units)
Permanent
Temporary
Buffers —Zone 1
Bridge
6,404 (square feet)
0 (square feet)
D E Qbi�� North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality I Division of Water Resources
512 North Salisbury Street 1 1617 Mail Service Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
vOry rN Cx:40:.itiA �
o .—Io E�.w�����a�:r� /� 919.707.9000

Wake Stone Corporation —Triangle Quarry
Bridge Across Crabtree Creek
DWR # 20171487 v3
Wake County
Page 2 of 3
Type of Impact
Amount Approved
Amount Approved
(units)
(units)
Permanent
Temporary
Buffers — Zone 2
Bridge
5,645 (square feet)
0 (square feet)
2. Diffuse Flow
All stormwater must be directed and maintained as diffuse flow at non -erosive
velocities through the protected stream buffers such that it will not re -concentrate
before discharging into a stream. [15A NCAC 02B .0233(5)]
3. This approval is for the purpose and design described in your application. The plans and
specifications for this project are incorporated by reference as part of the Application. If
you change your project, you must notify the Division and you may be required to
submit a new application package. If the property is sold, the new owner must be given
a copy of this approval letter and is responsible for complying with all conditions. [15A
NCAC 02B .0233(8)(b)]
This approval and its conditions are final and binding unless contested. [G.S. 143-215.5]
This Certification can be contested as provided in General Statute 150B by filing a written petition
for an administrative hearing to the Office of Administrative Hearings (hereby known as OAH)
within sixty (60) calendar days.
A petition form may be obtained from the OAH at http://www.ncoah.com/ or by calling the OAH
Clerk's Office at [phone] for information. A petition is considered filed when the original
and one (1) copy along with any applicable OAH filing fee is received in the OAH during normal
office hours (Monday through Friday between 8:OOam and S:OOpm, excluding official state
holidays).
The petition may be faxed to the OAH at [phone], provided the original and one copy of
the petition along with any applicable OAH filing fee is received by the OAH within five (5)
business days following the faxed transmission.

Mailing address for the OAH:
If sending via US Postal Service:
Office of Administrative Hearings
6714 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-6714
Wake Stone Corporation —Triangle Quarry
Bridge Across Crabtree Creek
DWR # 20171487 v3
Wake County
Page 3 of 3
If sending via delivery service (UPS, FedEx,
etc):
Office of Administrative Hearings
1711 New Hope Church Road
Raleigh, NC 27609-6285
One (1) copy of the petition must also be served to Department of Environmental Quality:
William F. Lane, General Counsel
Department of Environmental Quality
1601 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
This letter completes the review of the Division under the Neuse River Basin Riparian Buffer
Rules. Please contact Paul Wojoski at 919-707-3631 or [e-mail] if you have
any questions or concerns.
Sincerely,
DocuSignn�e/d by: '
GiGt•G N/OiflN�iL
949D91 BA53EF4EO...
Paul Wojoski, Supervisor
401 & Buffer Permitting Branch
cc: Bob Zarzecki, Soil and Environmental Consultants (via email)
Michael Landguth, RDUAA (via email)
Judy Wehner, DEMLR (via email)
DWR RRO
DWR 401 & Buffer Permitting Branch file
Filename: 20171487v3WakeStoneBridge(Wake)_NRB

FILED
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS
09/27/2021 9:35 AM
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE OFFICE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS
COUNTY OF WAKE 20 EHR 03014
The Umstead Coalition
Petitioner,
V. FINAL DECISION
North Carolina Department of Environmental
Quality Division of Water Resources
Respondent.
This contested case was heard by Michael C. Byrne, Administrative Law Judge, at the Office of
Administrative Hearings in Raleigh, NC on February 17-19, 2021.
APPEARANCES
For Petitioner: Shannon M. Arata
James L. Conner
Calhoun Bhella & Sechrest LLP
4819 Emperor Boulevard, Suite 400
Durham, NC 27703
For Respondent: Francisco Benzoni
Special Deputy Attorney General
Elly S. Young
Assistant Attorney General
North Carolina Department of Justice
PO Box 629
Raleigh, NC 27602
ISSUES
Whether Respondent North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water
Resources violated N.C.G.S. 150B-23 by issuing a Buffer Authorization under the Neuse River
Basin Riparian Buffer Protection Rules for construction of a bridge over Crabtree Creek located
within the creek's riparian buffer area.

A
B
C
D
E
F
K
L
M
N
Q
2
5
7
12
13
17
18
19
20
21
22
WTTNF.CCF.0
For Petitioner
Paul Wojoski
Jean Spooner
Ronald Sutherland
Ervin Portman.
For Respondent
Paul Wojoski
Samuel Bratton.
Ti.XNiRiTC
Admitted for Petitioner:
Buffer Authorization
Neuse River Basin Buffer Rules
Buffer and Bridge Diagrams & Specifics
Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative
Erosion & Sediment Control Plan
Affidavit of David Penrose
Staff Review Form with Additional Information
Minutes of the Wake County Commissioners
Wake Stone Corporation Presentation to Wake County Commissioners
Excerpted Mining Permit Application
Paul Wojoski Notes
Admitted for Respondent:
2020-04-07 Application for Buffer Authorization
2020-04-22 Additional Information Letter
Surrounding Area Maps
2020-04-09 Bob Zarzecki e-mail regarding correct applicant
2020-04-28 Paul Wojoski e-mail response re application correction
Buffer Authorizations — combined
Bridge Traffic Scenarios 1 & 2
Bridge Visualization
NC DEQ Frequently Asked Questions
Crusher System
Bridge photo from Wake Stone Mining Permit
2

RELEVANT PROCEDURAL HISTORY
This contested case was filed on August 30, 2020. On December 29, 2020, the Tribunal denied
Respondent's Motion for Summary Judgment. The case was heard on the merits February 17-19,
2021. Several months of delays in getting hearing transcripts from Word Services, Inc., followed.
Full transcripts were finally provided in late July 2021. The Tribunal requested proposed
decisions. Subsequently the Tribunal requested amended proposed decisions from the parties.
Based on the testimony of witnesses, the admitted exhibits, the governing law, and all evidence
of record, the Tribunal makes the following:
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. This contested case was filed by Petitioner The Umstead Coalition ("Petitioner") in
August 2020 challenging Respondent North Carolina Department of Environmental
Quality, Division of Water Resources ("Respondent") issuing, on June 4, 2020, an
Authorization Certificate under the Neuse River Basin Riparian Buffer Protection Rules
("Buffer Authorization") for construction of a bridge ("Wake Stone Bridge") over
Crabtree Creek located within the creek's riparian buffer area.
2. Petitioner is a non-profit membership organization that advocates for preservation of the
natural integrity of the William B. Umstead State Park ("Umstead Park"), located in
Wake County, North Carolina. While neither Petitioner nor any witness for Petitioner
owns land adjacent to Umstead Park, nor property upstream or downstream on Crabtree
Creek from the area to be affected by the Buffer Authorization, Petitioner's members
regularly make use of Umstead Park and the areas around that area of Crabtree Creek
which run through Umstead Park.
3. Respondent is responsible for issuing Buffer Authorizations and, among many other
functions, for implementing the Neuse River Basin Riparian Buffer Protection Rules
("buffer rules"). At the relevant time, the buffer rules were codified at 15A N.C.A.C. 02B
.0233.
4. There are multiple sets of buffer rules for different watersheds in North Carolina.
Crabtree Creek is in the Neuse River Basin, so those rules apply. In the Neuse River
Basin, the riparian buffer is a 50-foot-wide area measured on both sides of a stream or
stream tributary in a perpendicular fashion from the top of the bank. (Pet. Ex. B). Zone 1
of the buffer is the 30 feet closest to the creek. Zone 2 is the second 20 feet. (1. T. 45-46).
5. A riparian buffer is a vegetated area bordering a body of water. (Res. Ex. 20, p. 5 of 11).
Riparian buffers provide a number of functions critical to stream health and water quality,
including nutrient removal, temperature regulation of the water bodies, and nutrient and
detrital input (organic materials that aquatic life feed on and use for habitat). Riparian
buffers also stabilize stream beds and banks and prevent soil erosion or sedimentation of
streams and provide a floodplain area for the streams. (1 T. 19-20). The purpose of the
buffer rules is to protect water quality by protecting the buffer. Id., see also Pet. Ex. B

and 15A NCAC 213 .0233(1) ("The purpose of this Rule shall be to protect and preserve
existing riparian buffers in the Neuse River Basin to maintain their nutrient removal
functions.").
6. Certain uses of the riparian buffer are permissible under the Buffer Rules. Bridges fall
within the category of "allowable uses," uses which "may proceed within the riparian
buffer provided that there are "no practical alternatives" to the requested use pursuant to
Item (8) of the Buffer Rule: "These uses require written authorization from [DWR] or the
delegated local authority." (1 T. 24-25); (Pet. Ex. B).
7. Before issuing a buffer authorization, Respondent must determine whether "no practical
alternatives" for locating a project in the buffer exist and "make a finding of fact" as to
whether the buffer rules' requirements have been met. The primary relevant rule requires:
(8) DETERMINATION OF "NO PRACTICAL ALTERNATIVES."
Persons who wish to undertake uses designated as allowable or allowable
with mitigation shall submit a request for a "no practical alternatives"
determination to the Division or to the delegated local authority. The
applicant shall certify that the criteria identified in Sub -Item (8)(a) of this
Rule are met. The Division or the delegated local authority shall grant an
Authorization Certificate upon a "no practical alternatives" determination.
The procedure for making an Authorization Certificate shall be as follows:
(a) For any request for an Authorization Certificate, the Division or
the delegated local authority shall review the entire project and make a
finding of fact as to whether the following requirements have been met in
support of a "no practical alternatives" determination:
(i) The basic project purpose cannot be practically accomplished in a
manner that would better minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life
and habitat, and protect water quality.
(ii) The use cannot practically be reduced in size or density,
reconfigured or redesigned to better minimize disturbance, preserve
aquatic life and habitat, and protect water quality.
(iii) Best management practices shall be used if necessary to minimize
disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and protect water quality.
15A NCAC 02B .0233(8)(a) (emphasis supplied).
8. The applicant must certify that the project's impacts cannot be better minimized, and
Respondent must make a finding of fact that this certification is correct before issuing a
"no practical alternatives" determination. If Respondent does nothing or remains silent
for 60 days after receiving an application for a buffer authorization, a finding of "no
practical alternatives determination" is automatically presumed pursuant to 8(b) of the
buffer rules which provides that "[f]ailure to issue an approval or denial within 60 days
.19

shall constitute that the applicant has demonstrated `no practical alternatives. "' 15A
NCAC 213.0233 (8)(b))
9. Thus, Respondent's obligation under the buffer rules was to review the proposed Wake
Stone Bridge project and issue an Authorization Certificate for it only after determining
that there are "no practical alternatives" to the project. This determination required
Respondent to make a finding or findings of fact.
10. The importance of riparian buffers is not in dispute. Witnesses for both Petitioner and
Respondent agree that riparian buffers play a critical role in what may be termed the
"health" of North Carolina's waterways. It is likewise not in dispute that the riparian
buffer provides habitat for numerous vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic species. The
buffer also allows for species to travel through the buffer area and access resources not
readily available within a limited range or location.
11. A Buffer Authorization does not in itself permit Wake Stone to build the Wake Stone
Bridge or to conduct mining or quarrying operations. (2 T. 427). Such activity is
conditioned on Respondent allowing a separate permit (or permit modification) to mine
or quarry the area affected.
12. The Buffer Authorization for the Wake Stone Bridge was requested by Wake Stone
Corporation ("Wake Stone").
13. For many years, Wake Stone has conducted quarrying operations directly adjacent to
Umstead Park via an operation by the name of "Triangle Quarry." The President and
CEO of Wake Stone is Samuel Bratton (`Bratton"). Bratton testified at the hearing.
14. The affected area of Crabtree Creek, which is at least 20 feet wide at the point relevant to
this case (1 T. 49), divides Wake Stone's Triangle Quarry operation from a tract of land
owned by the Raleigh -Durham Airport Authority ("RDU") known as the "Odd Fellows
Tract."
15. The Odd Fellows Tract is bordered as follows: Umstead Park to the north, Interstate 40 to
the south, Triangle Quarry to the east, and Old Reedy Creek Road (a gravel, unimproved
road) to the west. (1 T. 91-92). Old Reedy Creek Road has an existing single lane bridge
incapable of bearing heavy traffic.
16. The Odd Fellows Tract remains undeveloped woodland and includes a small pond or lake
known as Foxcroft Lake.
17. The Odd Fellows Tract also contains rock. Wake Stone wishes to mine that rock through
its Triangle Quarry operation. Wake Stone and RDU executed a lease agreement relating
to that mining. Wake Stone has applied for a modification to its mining permit to allow it
to mine on the Odd Fellows Tract.
5

18. Neither the lease agreement nor the potential mining permit modification is at issue in
this contested case, nor is the desirability or otherwise of mining and quarrying
operations in the Odd Fellows Tract, either by Wake Stone or others.
19.On April 7, 2020, Respondent received an application ("Wake Stone Bridge
Application") for a Buffer Authorization to construct the Wake Stone Bridge over
Crabtree Creek to connect the Odd Fellows Tract with the Triangle Quarry property,
obviously for purposes of projected future mining operations in the Odd Fellows Tract.
20. Wake Stone first proposed a "crusher system" that would crush mined aggregate and, by
a system of conveyors, carry the aggregate from the Odd Fellows Tract to the Wake
Stone quarry. This proposal resulted in considerable negative community feedback, for
among other reasons that it would be noisy and would, at least as proposed, be installed
in the middle of Foxcroft Lake (thus destroying the lake). Further, installation of the
crusher system as proposed would not remove Wake Stone's perceived need for a bridge
over Crabtree Creek. Wake Stone eventually abandoned the crusher/conveyor proposal in
favor of what became the Wake Stone Bridge plan. (3 T. 522).
21. Petitioner engaged in considerable discussion of this proposed crusher system at the
hearing, apparently as a potential "practical alternative" to the Wake Stone Bridge.
However, this crusher system was never presented to Respondent in lieu of or as an
alternative to the Wake Stone Bridge, and the evidence does not show that the proposed
crusher system would be a practical alternative, let alone the only practical alternative, to
a bridge structure.
22. Paul Wojoski ("Wojoski"), the supervisor of Respondent's "401 and Buffer Permitting
Branch," was in charge of reviewing the Wake Stone Bridge Application and was the
person who issued the Buffer Authorization on behalf of Respondent. Wojoski has issued
hundreds of buffer authorizations and reviewed authorizations approved by other
colleagues. Petitioner did not present expert testimony to dispute any of Wojoski's
findings in the Wake Stone Bridge matter.
23. On April 22, 2020, Wojoski wrote to Wake Stone (the letter was through clerical error
initially addressed to RDU) requesting that Wake Stone "provide a statement that clearly
defines the purpose of the proposed bridge." Wake Stone responded with additional
information on April 23, 2020.
24. Subsequently, Respondent issued a Buffer Authorization to Wake Stone. Prior to doing
so, Respondent made no written findings of fact that the Wake Stone Bridge project
complied with ISA NCAC 02B .0233.
25. The Buffer Authorization to Wake Stone lays out the specific footprint in each of two
buffer zones where impacts are allowed. The Buffer Authorization approves 6,404 square
feet of "permanent impacts" in Zone 1 of the buffer, and 5,645 square feet of permanent
impacts in Zone 2 of the Buffer. (Pet. Ex. A, Buffer Authorization) Of the approximately
0

6,142 linear feet of Crabtree Creek buffer within the Odd Fellows Tract, the Buffer
Authorization approves buffer impacts along a little over 60 linear feet of the creek. Id.
26. "Permanent impacts," the Tribunal finds, is a synonym for "destroyed." The Buffer
Authorization as approved, then, would destroy approximately 12,000 square feet of
riparian buffer along Crabtree Creek. (3 T. 454).
27. The primary reason for the extent of this destruction, the Tribunal finds, is the size,
width, and scale of the Wake Stone Bridge. Res. Ex. 18 and 19 provide visual
demonstrations of this issue:'
Bridge Traffic Scenario 2
One-way mine haul unit travel with two-way highway truck travel.
Exhibit 1
' These documents were not submitted to or considered by Respondent as part of the Buffer Authorization approval
process and are included herein as illustrative examples of the size and scope of the activities at issue. 3 T. 518.
7

typical hwy
dump truck
-27'
60
' RriHnin
65 ton capacity -
haul unit
F1
Visualization -
=Exhibit19
28. The Wake Stone Bridge was designed by Michael Baker International, a professional
engineering firm. (3 T. 519). The bridge is a full 60 feet wide from side to side and its
impact on the riparian buffer exceeds even that amount. The bridge allows two-way
traffic passage of 65-ton hauler truck units, which are approximately twice the size of
normal, road -legal dump trucks. This heavy mining equipment is "massive in size,"
capable of carrying "on the order of 50 or 60 tons in weight," and approximate 20 feet
wide. These hauler trucks are not allowed to use public roadways due to their specific
size and design. (Tr. Vol. 1 pp. 78-79)
29. Each lane of the Wake Stone Bridge as designed is 27 feet wide. Foundational support for
a bridge of this size, sustaining trucks of the size at issue, engaged in two-way traffic,
results in the 12,000 square foot destruction of the riparian buffer at Crabtree Creek.
30. The buffer rules required Respondent to make findings of fact that the Wake Stone
Bridge project, among other requirements, "cannot be practically accomplished in a
manner that would better minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and
protect water quality," and "cannot practically be reduced in size or density, reconfigured
or redesigned to better minimize disturbance, preserve aquatic life and habitat, and
protect water quality."
31. During the Buffer Authorization approval project, Respondent neither asked Wake Stone
for an alternative proposal to the submitted Wake Stone Bridge plan nor asked for any
changes in it. 3 T. 447. Wojoski testified:

I requested information and questioned Wake Stone on why they proposed
that design as meeting the avoidance of minimization criteria, and they
responded and told me that that design, they charged an international
engineering firm with designing a bridge that would completely span the
floodplain that would require no direct impact onto Crabtree Creek, would
not discharge any stormwater directly into the stream or the buffer area,
and also minimize the impacts of the riparian buffer area given the project
purpose to transport the heavy mine trucks with multiple or hundreds of
trips per day.
3 T. 447-482
32. However, none of these discussions are documented in the agency file. 3 T. 450. There
are also no written findings of fact in the Respondent agency's file regarding there being
"no practical alternative" to the width and size of the Wake Stone Bridge as designed.
33. Likewise, there was no documentation of — and again no written findings of fact on -
Respondent's efforts to determine why the Wake Stone Bridge needs to be as large and as
wide as proposed, and as destructive to the riparian buffer as proposed. Wojoski testified:
Verbal -- there were verbal conversations [with Wake Stone regarding the
width of the bridge]. In addition to that, direct observations of the size of
the width of the mining trucks and how large they were, operations of how
the -- the -- the quarry traffic is intended to operate there. So that -- there
was additional direct observations there.
(3 T. 452). Further, Wojoski relied primarily on Wake Stone itself regarding the
perceived need for the width and size of the Wake Stone Bridge as designed:
Q. You didn't have any kind of a -- an opinion or analysis by anyone
outside Wake Stone about why it needed to be 60 feet wide, correct?
A. It -- so I understood that the first bridge design was done by an
engineering firm, a qualified engineer to design that, and I took that and
the weight that comes with that into consideration. I did not seek out
additional engineers to evaluate the proposal against what the original
engineers have proposed, if that is clear.
(3. T. 453(.
34. That professional engineers designed the Wake Stone Bridge does not establish that there
are no practical alternatives to that design. (3 T. 454).
35. Bratton testified that the Wake Stone Bridge needed to be 60 feet wide to:
2 The proposed Wake Stone Bridge design does not in fact "completely span the floodplain," but only the 100-year
floodplain. (3 T. 478). The proposed bridge does impact the 500-year floodplain.
0

[A]ccommodate large mine haul truck traffic, along with access for
multiple pieces of mine equipment that would cross Crabtree Creek to the
Odd Fellows for the mining of that property. The width allows for safe
passage. Now, we're talking about hundreds of times a day these trucks are
going to be crossing this bridge.
(3 T. 530-531)
36. Bratton stated that a one-way bridge design was "not possible" on the grounds that it was
"not safe" for "hundreds of loads a day, hundreds of -- of crossings a day on both lanes."
(3 T. 531-532).
37. What would carry these "hundreds of loads" for "hundreds of crossings" is unclear. Wake
Stone owns only six of the oversized mining trucks as of the date of the hearing. (3. T.
533). While Bratton claimed that Wake Stone would purchase additional trucks, it has not
contracted for any. (3 T. 534).
38. Confidence in Bratton's opinions and predictions is not enhanced by his providing
evasive answers to the Tribunal's questions about the impacts of agricultural lime,
fertilizer, and superphosphate entering Crabtree Creek as a part of efforts to re-establish
vegetation in the buffer area destroyed by the Wake Stone project. (3 T. 550-551).
39. Further, Bratton is an interested party in terms of obtaining approval for the Wake Stone
Bridge and the presumptive economic benefit for Wake Stone from mining operations on
the Odd Fellows Tract. While being financially interested does not discredit Bratton, the
Tribunal will not accept (under these facts) an interested party's predictions for the future
as sufficient to establish a "no practical alternatives" situation for the Wake Stone Bridge
as designed, particularly in the absence of documented findings of fact from Respondent
determining whether the project could be minimized in size, scope and impact — as the
buffer rules require.
40. The Tribunal is not convinced that the Wake Stone Bridge's width and size is necessary
to meet the basic project purpose, in large part due to the absence of contemporaneous
documentary evidence (including the absence of written findings of fact) on this issue
and of possible alternatives to minimize the size, scope, and impact of the Wake Stone
Bridge project on the Crabtree Creek riparian buffer.
41. Petitioner did not prove that Respondent failed to comply with the buffer rules on the
other issues Petitioner raised in this case. The evidence showed that there are no practical
alternatives to a bridge at the proposed location due to the geographic limitations of the
area in question, the lack of existing improved road options, and the existing use of areas
otherwise bordering the Odd Fellows Tract (Umstead Park and Interstate 40). (1 T. 76,
80; 2 T. 401-406).
10

42. Petitioner did not prove that buffer rules require a bridge structure that spans the entire
buffer. Bridges are an allowable exception to the buffer rules.
43. Petitioner did not prove that a crusher system as originally raised by Wake Stone was a
better or even a feasible alternative to a bridge structure.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
The Office of Administrative Hearings has personal and subject matter jurisdiction over
the parties and over this contested case. The parties received proper notice of the hearing
in this contested case.
2. To the extent that the findings of fact contain conclusions of law, or that the conclusions
of law may be considered or include findings of fact, they should be so considered
without regard to their given labels.
3. The Tribunal need not make findings as to every fact that arises from the evidence and
need only find those facts which are material to the settlement of the dispute. Flanders v.
Gabriel, 110 N.C. App. 438, 440, 429 S.E.2d 611, 612, aff d per curiam, 335 N.C. 234,
436 S.E.2d 588 (1993).
4. The North Carolina Administrative Procedure Act ("APA") authorizes "[a]ny person
aggrieved" to "commence a contested case" to challenge certain final agency actions.
150B-23(a).
5. "Person aggrieved" means "any person or group of persons of common interest directly
or indirectly affected substantially in his or its person, property, or employment by an
administrative decision." N.C. Gen. Stat. § 150B-2(6) (emphasis added).
6. "[W]hether a party is a `person aggrieved' must be determined based on the
circumstances of each individual case." N.C. Forestry Ass'n v. N.C. Dep't of Env't &
Nat. Res., 357 N.C. 640, 644, 588 S.E.2d 880, 882 (2003) (citing Empire Power Co. N.C.
Dep't of Env't, Health & Nat. Res., 337 N.C. 569, 588, 447 S.E.2d 768, 779 (1994)).
7. A membership organization may demonstrate that it is a "person aggrieved" by
demonstrating that its members will be substantially affected in their person, property, or
employment. Forestry Ass'n, 357 N.C. at 642-44, 588 S.E.2d at 882; Save Our Rivers,
Inc. v. Town of Highlands, 113 N.C. App. 716, 440 S.E.2d 334 (1994), rev'd on other
grounds, 341 N.C. 635, 461 S.E.2d 333 (1995).
8. APA "confers procedural rights and imposes procedural duties, including the right to
commence an administrative hearing to resolve disputes between an agency and a person
involving the person's rights, duties, or privileges." Empire Power., 337 N.C. at 583, 588,
447 S.E.2d at 776, 779. A person's rights, duties or privileges arise under the relevant
organic statute. See 337 N.C. at 583, 447 S.E.2d at 776-77. Therefore, "any `person
aggrieved' within the meaning of the [controlling] organic statute is entitled to an
11

administrative hearing to determine the person's rights, duties, or privileges." 337 N.C. at
588, 447 S.E.2d at 779.
9. The Tribunal concludes as a matter of law that Petitioner is a "person aggrieved" for
purposes of the APA with respect to the Buffer Authorization to Wake Stone.
10. Petitioner bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that (1)
Respondent substantially prejudiced its rights; and (2) Respondent acted erroneously,
arbitrarily and capriciously, used improper procedure, or failed to act as required by law
or rule. N.C.G.S 15013-23(a), 150B-25.1(a) and 15013-29(a); Surgical Care Affiliates,
LLC v. N.C. DHHS, 235 N.C. App. 620, 623, 626-31, 762 S.E.2d 468, 471, 473-75
(2014). Overcash v. N.C. Dept. of Env't & Nat. Res., 179 N.C. App. 697, 703-04, 635
S.E.2d 442, 447 (2006).
11. North Carolina law presumes that a regulatory agency has properly performed duties it
has been delegated to perform. In re Broad & Gales Creek Community Assoc., 300 N.C.
267, 280, 266 S.E.2d 645, 654 (1980); Adams v. N.C. State Bd. of Registration for Prof.
Eng'rs & Land Survey, 129 N.C. App. 292, 297, 501 S.E.2d 660, 663 (1998).
However, a petitioner may overcome that presumption by showing a material lack of
evidence or facts demonstrating that the agency performed those duties in conformance
with rules (here, the buffer rules) to which the agency is subject and with which (again as
here) the agency must comply in performing that delegated duty.
12. The APA requires that the Tribunal "giv[e] due regard to the demonstrated knowledge
and expertise of the agency with respect to facts and inferences within the specialized
knowledge of the agency." N.C.G.S. 150B-34(a).
13. That deference, however, does not extend to claims made by either Wake Stone or the
engineers who designed the Wake Stone Bridge. Moreover, "due regard" does not mean
blanket deference, nor does it mandate lack of inquiry. Courts do not afford an agency
deference when the agency fails to engage in required fact finding and consider facts
material under the relevant law. AH N.C. Owner LLC v. N.C. Dep't of Health & Human
Servs., 240 N.C. App. 92, 99, 109, 771 S.E.2d 537, 541, 547 (2015).
14. Plain reading of 15A NCAC 02B .0233(8)(a) shows that Respondent was required to
"make a finding of fact" that the requirements of the buffer rules had been met with
respect to the Buffer Authorization.
15. Respondent argues that the buffer rules do not require findings of fact be expressly
memorialized in any manner separate and apart from the agency's issuance of the Buffer
Authorization.
16. The Tribunal disagrees. The Tribunal is well accustomed to making findings of fact.
They are always written. Ideas in the judge's head are not "findings of fact" until they
are written down and denominated findings of fact. Findings of fact are written
statements that show the thought process of the decisionmaker.
12

17. When applied to the present case, this means that it was necessary for Respondent to have
a documented finding of fact that there was no practical alternative to building a bridge,
of this size, of this width, with the corresponding destruction of 12,000 square feet of
riparian buffer. In re Rickard, 161 N.C. App. 150, 154, 587 S.E.2d 467, 469 (2003);
Gregory v. W.A. Brown & Sons, 363 N.C. 750, 761-62, 688 S.E.2d 431, 439 (2010).
18. This conclusion does not read requirements into the statute that do not exist; rather, it
reads the statute using the plain meaning of the words at issue in such a way as avoids
making them pointless. A "finding of fact" that is unwritten is as pointless as a Final
Decision containing a blank space under its "Findings of Fact" — in both cases, there is no
way to determine the fact(s) found, the reasoning behind the finding, or that the finding
was made at all.
19. Respondent further argues that its use of "implied" findings of fact has enhanced validity
due to this being apparent agency practice for some time. Again the Tribunal disagrees.
Practices that fail to comply with the plain language (under plain reading) of the buffer
rules do not gain enhanced validity because the same error is made multiple times.
20. The agency record is essentially devoid of evidence that Respondent made findings of
fact under the buffer rules with respect to the size and width of the Wake Stone Bridge, or
of inquiries regarding alternatives minimizing the size, scope, and impact of the Wake
Stone Bridge less destructive to the riparian buffer. The agency record is thus essentially
devoid of evidence that Respondent complied with the requirements of the buffer rules.
21. The Respondent erred in failing to make the finding of fact required by 15A NCAC 02B
.0233 prior to issuing the Buffer Authorization.
22. Respondent acted erroneously and failed to act as required by law or rule, with respect to
its issuance of the Buffer Authorization.
FINAL DECISION
Respondent's agency action in issuing the June 4, 2020, Buffer Authorization to Wake
Stone Corporation is REVERSED.
NOTICE OF APPEAL
This is a Final Decision issued under the authority of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 150B-34.
Under the provisions of North Carolina General Statute § 150B-45, any party wishing to
appeal the final decision of the Administrative Law Judge must file a Petition for Judicial
Review in the Superior Court of the county where the person aggrieved by the administrative
decision resides, or in the case of a person residing outside the State, the county where the
contested case which resulted in the final decision was filed. The appealing party must file the
13

petition within 30 days after being served with a written copy of the Administrative Law
Judge's Final Decision. In conformity with the Office of Administrative Hearings' rule, 26
N.C. Admin. Code 03.0102, and the Rules of Civil Procedure, N.C. General Statute IA-1,
Article 2, this Final Decision was served on the parties as indicated by the Certificate of
Service attached to this Final Decision. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 150B-46 describes the contents of
the Petition and requires service of the Petition on all parties. Under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15013-47,
the Office of Administrative Hearings is required to file the official record in the contested case
with the Clerk of Superior Court within 30 days of receipt of the Petition for Judicial Review.
Consequently, a copy of the Petition for Judicial Review must be sent to the Office of
Administrative Hearings at the time the appeal is initiated in order to ensure the timely filing of
the record.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
This the 27th day of September, 2021.
Michael C. Byrne
Administrative Law Judge
14

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
The undersigned certifies that, on the date shown below, the Office of Administrative
Hearings sent the foregoing document to the persons named below at the addresses shown
below, by electronic service as defined in 26 NCAC 03 .0501(4), or by placing a copy thereof,
enclosed in a wrapper addressed to the person to be served, into the custody of the North
Carolina Mail Service Center who subsequently will place the foregoing document into an
official depository of the United States Postal Service.
Shannon Marie Arata
Calhoun, Bhella & Sechrest
[e-mail]
Attorney For Petitioner
James L Conner
Calhoun Bhella & Sechrest LLP
[e-mail]
Attorney For Petitioner
Amy L Bircher
North Carolina Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General
[e-mail]
Attorney For Respondent
Francisco Joseph Benzoni
North Carolina Department of Justice
[e-mail]
Attorney For Respondent
Elly Steiner Young
North Carolina Department of Justice
[e-mail]
Attorney For Respondent
This the 27th day of September, 2021.
Daniel Chunko
Paralegal
N. C. Office of Administrative Hearings
1711 New Hope Church Road
Raleigh, NC 27609-6285
Phone: [phone]
15

DocuSign Envelope ID: C7D1707E-8FD4-46ED-8F13-376E2014B1B7
ROY COOPER
Governor
ELIZABETH S. BISER
Secretary
S. DANIEL SMITH
Director
Wake Stone Corporation
NORTH CAROLINA
Environmental Quality
October 7, 2021
DWR #2017-1487 v3
Wake County
Attn: Mr. Samuel T. Bratton
PO Box 190
Knightdale, NC 27545-0190
Subject: ALJ's Final Decision in The Umstead Coalition v. North Carolina Department of
Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources
Dear Mr. Bratton:
On April 7, 2020, the Division of Water Resources (Division) received your application
requesting a Riparian Buffer Authorization pursuant to the Neuse River Riparian Buffer
Protection Rules (15A NCAC 02B .02331) related to a proposed bridge over Crabtree Creek. The
Division issued a Buffer Authorization for the project on June 4, 2020 (Buffer Authorization).
On August 30, 2020, the Umstead Coalition filed a petition for contested case in the N.C. Office
of Administrative Hearings, challenging the Buffer Authorization. The matter was heard on the
merits February 17-19, 2021. On September 27, 2021, an Administrative Law Judge rendered
a final decision reversing the Division's issuance of the Buffer Authorization.
As a result of the Administrative Law Judge's final decision, please be aware that you do not
have authorization to impact riparian buffers under the Neuse River Riparian Buffer Rules, and
any such impacts may be a violation of North Carolina General Statutes and Administrative
Code.
' Rule 15A NCAC 02B .0233 has been re -codified in 15A NCAC 02B .0714, 15A NCAC 02B .0610, 15A NCAC 02B. 0611, 15A
NCAC 028.0612, effective June 15, 2020.
2 The Umstead Coalition v. North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources, 20 EHR 03014.
D E Q�� North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality j Division of Water Resources
512 North Salisbury Street 1 1650 Mail Service Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
NOFIHCAHOLINA
rIMA vI /"� 919.707.9000

DocuSign Envelope ID: C7D1707E-8FD4-46ED-8F13-376E2014B1B7
Please contact Paul Wojoski at 919-707-9015 or [e-mail] if you have any
questions or concerns.
Sincerely,
DOCUSi
P
gned by:
ie
949Dg1BA53EF4E0...
Paul Wojoski, Supervisor
401 and Buffer Permitting Branch
cc via email: Bob Zarzecki, S&EC
Sam Bratton, Wake Stone Corporation
DEMLR
DWR RRO
DWR 401 & Buffer Permitting Unit via Laserfiche
File: 2107-1487v3_Wake_Stone_Order_Response_Letter
R E Q ,� North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality f Division of Water Resources
512 North Salisbury Street 1 1650 Mail Service Center Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
NrerH rAROIJNA
oenartneni m �wmMmvi Q-a 919,707.9000

MSHA HANDBOOK SERIES
U.S. Department of Labor
Mine Safety and Health Administration
Mine Safety and Health Enforcement
November, 2020
Handbook Number: PH20-I-1
Roadways and Dumping
Locations Inspection
Handbook

PREFACE
This handbook provides mine inspectors information to evaluate the safety of a mine's
roadways and dumping locations.
Not all procedures and requirements are applicable to all mine types. Deviations from
the procedures outlined in this handbook should be based on the inspector's
professional judgement and discussion with the inspector's supervisor given
conditions, practices, and circumstances specific to the mine.
Approved:
/s/
Timothy R. Watkins
Administrator for Mine Safety and Health Enforcement

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER1 - INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................1
AUTHORITY..................................................................................................................................1
PURPOSE.......................................................................................................................................1
RESPONSIBILITY............................................................................................................................1
INSPECTION PROCEDURE CONSIDERATIONS...............................................................................1
ADDITIONALPUBLICATIONS.......................................................................................................2
CHAPTER2 - ROADWAYS.......................................................................................................3
GRADES........................................................................................................................................3
ROADWAYWIDTH.......................................................................................................................3
ROADSIDEBERMS AND GUARDRAILS..........................................................................................4
RUNAWAYEQUIPMENT...............................................................................................................5
SIGHTDISTANCE..........................................................................................................................5
OTHER SIGHT DISTANCE CONSIDERATIONS.......................................................................6
STOPPINGDISTANCE....................................................................................................................6
SPEEDLIMITS................................................................................................................................6
TRAFFICRULES AND SIGNS..........................................................................................................7
ROADWAYMAINTENANCE..........................................................................................................7
UNSTABLE MATERIAL AND OTHER HAZARDS...........................................................................8
CHAPTER 3 - DUMPING LOCATIONS................................................................................9
BERMSAT DUMPING LOCATIONS...............................................................................................10
STABILITYNEAR THE DUMP EDGE..............................................................................................10
i

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Authority
The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, as amended by the Mine Improvement
and New Emergency Response Act of 2006, (Mine Act) requires that authorized
representatives of the Secretary of Labor conduct mine inspections and investigations to
determine whether miners and mine operators are in compliance with the Mine Act and
mandatory safety and health standards, and to obtain, utilize, and disseminate
information related to safety and health conditions.
Purpose
The design and maintenance of roadways and dumping locations play an important
part in surface haulage safety.
This handbook provides mine inspectors with information to assist them in evaluating
the safety of mine roadways and dumping locations. Inspectors can use this handbook
to help identify hazardous roadway conditions, dumping location conditions, and
associated work practices.
Responsibility
The Administrator for Mine Safety and Health Enforcement has the primary
responsibility for enforcing the Mine Act, including the standards and regulations
relating to mining. Shared responsibility rests with the regional administrators, district
managers, assistant district managers, supervisors, specialists, and inspectors.
Inspectors are responsible for conducting inspections and investigations. Inspectors
should discuss safety and health practices with mine operators and miners during every
inspection. Stakeholder participation is essential to an effective safety and health
program at each mine.
Inspection Procedure Considerations
Inspectors should evaluate potential problem areas on roadways and dumping
locations during the course of the inspection.
Pay special attention to roadway areas with steep grades, sharp curves, limited sight
distances, narrow roadway widths, and/or slippery roadway surfaces. Note conditions
at intersections, in congested areas, and at locations where it may be unclear who has
the right-of-way. Spend time observing the traffic in all of these areas. Look for
indications of equipment control issues, such as skid marks on the roadway. These may
reveal:
November 2020

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
• roadway areas prone to near misses,
• over -reliance on service brakes on downgrades,
• operations exceeding performance limits of equipment, and
• equipment operator training deficiencies.
Inspectors may obtain the best perspective of roadways by accompanying an
equipment operator. This provides an opportunity to discuss potential problems.
Pay special attention to dumping locations with:
• soft surfaces,
• evidence of settling,
• berms,
• drainage issues, and
• equipment dumping directly over or near the edge.
To investigate a situation further, an inspector may need specialized equipment like a
measuring tape, a laser range finder, a stopwatch, and a device for measuring roadway
grade.
If inspectors need a more detailed analysis of a roadway or dumping location, they
should discuss the situation with their supervisor. The inspector's supervisor can
obtain technical assistance from the District Office or the Directorate of Technical
Support. The Technical Support, Pittsburgh Safety and Health Technology Center,
Mine Waste and Geotechnical Engineering Division, provides technical assistance
concerning roadways and dumping locations. The Technical Support, Approval and
Certification Center, Mechanical and Engineering Safety Division, provides technical
assistance concerning haulage equipment and braking systems.
Additional Publications
Inspectors, miners, and mine operators may obtain additional publications on roadways
and dumping locations by contacting the National Mine Health and Safety Academy at
the address below or electronically at [e-mail] and
[e-mail]
National Mine Health and Safety Academy
1301 Airport Road, Beckley, WV 25813
[phone]
November 2020 2

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 2 - ROADWAYS
Grades
Mine operators should consider grades when they design roadways. The grade of a
roadway is a measure of the slope, which is the incline or steepness from horizontal.
Mine operators will normally use "percent grade" to express the grade of a roadway.
The percent grade is equal to the number of feet that the roadway vertically inclines or
declines over a horizontal distance of 100 feet. For example, a 6 percent grade means
the roadway vertically rises or drops 6 feet for every 100 feet traveled.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Determine the percent grade of a roadway by measuring it with an Abney level,
laser range finder, GPS, or by calculating it from an accurate topographic map.
• If the steepness of the roadway varies, divide the roadway into segments of
constant grade and determine the grade for each roadway segment.
• Encourage mine operators to avoid placing a sharp curve near the top or bottom
of a steep grade.
• Verify that the mine operator has considered the braking capabilities of the
equipment in establishing speed limits for downgrades.
• If an opportunity presents, encourage mine operators to put a decal in the
operator's cab with the manufacturer's recommendation of maximum operating
speeds for various grades.
Roadway Width
Mine operators should consider the widest equipment to use a roadway when they
establish roadway width. A basic rule of safe roadway design is each lane of travel
should provide clearance on both sides equal to one-half the width of the widest vehicle
using the roadway (see the example of widths in the image below), plus additional
width around curves.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Measure roadway widths when they appear to be too narrow.
• Encourage mine operators to widen roadways or take additional safety
measures, such as reducing speed limits and placing warning signs, when
roadway widths are less than recommended.
November 2020

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
Example Roadway R'idths
One -halt Lane 1 000- •tf
tl.ctrack wtatb Typical Section for 16-Foot Vehicle Width
width
8 ft. 1 16 ft. 1 8 ft.
32 ft.
56 ft.
Lane Z Lane 3 Lane 4
80 ft.
104 ft.
NOTE: The example applies to straight roadways; additional width should be
added around the curves
Roadside Berms and Guardrails
Mine operators use earthen berms, boulder berms, and/or guardrails along the outer
bank of elevated roadways. Roadside berms and guardrails provide equipment
operators a visual indication of the outer bank of the roadways. Roadside berms and
guardrails also provide equipment operators a sensation of contact and deflect
equipment back into the roadway.
Earthen berms should be firm with the inside slope of berms sufficiently steep. Loose
berm material provides less restraint and equipment could plow through. A shallow
slope on the inside of an earthen berm could allow equipment to ride up and over it.
Boulder berms are a continuous row of substantial boulders. The boulders should be
large enough and have sufficient sliding distance to stop equipment when impacted.
Additional roadway width should be available in case of contact with or pushing of the
boulders.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Ensure that berms and guardrails are at least as high as mid -axle height of the
largest equipment using the roadway.
• Encourage mine operators to use larger berms in areas with higher designated
speed limits, curves, steep grades, and/or other areas where equipment
operators are more likely to lose control.
• Check that the base elevation of an earthen roadside berm is no lower than the
roadway elevation.
• Examine berm maintenance. Look for erosion, sloughing, slope undercutting, or
other features that compromise berm integrity.
• Check that boulder berms have sufficient spacing and sliding distance to stop
November 2020 4

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
equipment.
Ensure that guardrails are of sufficient construction.
Runaway Equipment
Mine operators may need to incorporate safety features into their roadway designs to
safely stop runaway equipment, such as escape lanes/ramps, arrester beds,
collision/ drag berms, and median/ center berms.
A collision or drag berm is a loose pile or row of material capable of stopping runaway
equipment. Equipment operators can direct their runaway equipment to straddle the
berm. The berm should be high enough to stop the runaway equipment by dragging
against the equipment bottom. A median or center berm is a collision berm in the
middle of the roadway, between the lanes.
An escape lane or ramp can stop runaway equipment by directing the equipment up
grade and/or through an arrester bed of loose, high rolling -resistance material.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Consider runaway equipment potential when inspecting roadway segments,
especially segments which are long and steep.
• Talk to mine operators about different types of runaway equipment safety
features that they can use to safely stop runaway equipment.
Sight Distance
Mine operators should consider sight distance when they design roadways. "Sight
distance" is a straight line distance that a driver can see ahead of his or her vehicle, and
it may be shorter than the actual equipment travel path. A basic rule of safe roadway
design is that, at all times, equipment operators must be able to stop their equipment
within the available sight distance.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Determine sight distances by measurement or by pacing.
• Consider the equipment operator's position when determining sight distance.
This should include consideration of visual obstructions and equipment blind
spots.
• Look for ways to address limited sight distance, such as cutting back trees or
brush, relocating a stockpile, realigning the roadway or intersection, cutting
down the crest of the hill, or reducing the speed of the equipment.
• Be attentive to sight distance in areas such as curves, intersections, hill crests, and
areas with pedestrian traffic or significant vehicular traffic.
November 2020

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
Other Sight Distance Considerations
There often is little contrast in the brightness between the background and other
objects on mine property. This lack of contrast can make nighttime driving difficult.
It is a good practice for mine operators to install roadside reflectors to help define
the roadway and intersections for nighttime operations. Another good practice is to
install and maintain marker lights on equipment that makes it easier to see the
equipment from all sides at night.
Stopping Distance
Mine operators should consider stopping distance when they design roadways.
Stopping distance factors include equipment operator response times, braking systems,
gross vehicle weight (GVW), equipment speed, roadway grade, surface materials, and
roadway conditions.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Determine available stopping distance for potentially problematic roadway
sections.
• Address hazardous roadway sections where equipment stopping distance is
greater than the sight distance. This may include increasing sight distance
and/or reducing equipment speed.
• Consider equipment stopping distances and operator reaction times when
determining safe following distances between equipment.
• Determine whether equipment operators are maintaining safe following
distances.
• Determine whether mine operators are maintaining equipment braking systems
according to manufacturer recommendations.
• Determine whether equipment operators have access to the operator's manuals
for the mobile equipment they operate.
• Determine whether operators are following manufacturer use and maintenance
specifications and recommendations.
Speed Limits
Mine operators must establish speed limits based on the capabilities of the equipment
and roadway layout/condition that appropriately account for issues including limited
sight distances, steep grades, congested areas, and pedestrian traffic areas.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Determine whether the equipment is traveling at or below the speed limit.
• Determine whether the mine operator has considered factors like equipment
braking capabilities, sight distances, and roadway conditions to establish safe
November 2020

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
speed limits.
Emphasize to equipment operators that speed limits apply only to normal
driving conditions and that they should reduce their operating speed in other
situations.
Traffic Rules and Signs
Traffic rules, signs, communications, and right-of-way rules should be clear and
command attention. The mine operator should place signs at all points where vehicles
enter the mine property, in locations where traffic patterns or communication
procedures change, and in various areas around the property as reminders.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Be alert to areas where traffic rules may be unclear, especially with respect to
right-of-way rules and control.
• View the roadways through the eyes of a new equipment operator or a visitor
who is unfamiliar with the property.
• Ensure that left- or right -side traffic patterns are posted at appropriate locations.
• Encourage mine operators to place signs indicating the respective percent of
grades for steep sections of the roadways.
• Recommend the use of reflective markers or other devices to mine operators in
instances where sharp curves are unavoidable.
• Ensure that mine operators mark railroad crossings and have policies or
procedures to prevent traffic from stopping on the tracks.
• Ensure that traffic signs are unobstructed, legible, and posted at appropriate
locations.
• Review the training plan to ensure that it alerts equipment operators to traffic
rules, patterns, communication procedures, and conditions on the property.
Roadway Maintenance
Mine operators have a responsibility to maintain roadways and to correct hazardous
roadway conditions.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Determine whether haulage equipment loading practices minimize roadway
spillage.
• Ensure that mine operators have implemented procedures to control roadway
dust.
• Examine roadside ditches and culverts to determine if they are effective in
minimizing water on roadways.
• Determine whether roadways are reasonably free of water and debris.
• Determine whether mine operators examine roadways where
November 2020

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
miners work or travel each shift.
Unstable Material and Other Hazards
Inspectors should make sure mine operators address unstable material above and
below roadways which could present hazards to those using the roadways. Hazards
may include rockfalls, slides, or roadway surface failures. Inspectors should also make
sure mine operators address other roadway hazards, such as material falling from
overhead structures and inadequate overhead clearances.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Check the highwalls or slopes above roadways for loose material.
• Be alert to fallen material on a roadway, this could indicate hazards above the
roadway.
• Be alert for open rock joints, overhangs, and other geologic discontinuities above
a roadway.
• Be alert to signs of movement in the roadway surface, such as tension cracks or
settling.
• Pay attention to areas where water is seeping out of a slope. Water within a
slope can make the slope less stable. Mine operators should collect seepage
exiting onto the roadway and channel it away from the road if it could create a
hazardous condition.
• Look for erosion which can compromise fill stability and create a hazard.
• Check slopes below roadways for over steepening, toe undercutting, and large
erosion channels, which could affect the stability of the overlying roadway.
November 2020 8

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 3 - DUMPING LOCATIONS
Examining dumping locations for unsafe conditions is critical to assuring miners'
safety. Inspectors should make sure mine operators monitor for and address unsafe
conditions and practices at dumping locations. Dumping location conditions
continually change due to the dumping of new material, operation of equipment near
the dumping location, weather conditions, and the settling of material. The most
common dumping location fatal accidents involve trucks going over the edge of piles.
Dumping short of the edge or moving to another location when potentially unsafe
conditions arise can prevent dumping location accidents.
WHAT INSPECTORS CAN DO
• Check for berms, dump restraints, or bumper blocks where equipment regularly
dumps. These features should define the edge of the dumping location and
restrain equipment from overtravel.
• Check if berm locations and edge material strength will support loaded
equipment at the dumping location.
• Make certain the back -side of the berm is not constructed on perched rock
cobbles or boulders.
• Check for excessive spillage at bumper blocks that could compromise the
effectiveness of the blocks.
• Talk with supervisors and equipment operators about truck overturning hazards
associated with wet or frozen material sticking in raised beds/ trailers.
• Check dump location drainage and look for soft areas that could cause
equipment to overturn.
• Look for indications of unsafe dumping practices such as backing up at an angle,
hitting or traveling up the berm (berm bumping), excessive braking or stopping,
and turning close to the edge before dumping.
• Check dumping locations for sufficient illumination.
• Check overhead clearance for dumping. Keep in mind that overhead clearance
can decrease as dump heights increase.
• Make certain the top surfaces of dumping locations are relatively level from side
to side for equipment stability.
• Make certain equipment operators dump sufficiently short if there is uncertainty
about the stability of dumping locations.
• Talk with supervisors, equipment operators, and miners about how to recognize
and correct unsafe working conditions at dumping locations. Share training
material related to dumping locations available from MSHA and discuss good
dumping practices (see list of "Good dumping practices" below).
November 2020

ROADWAYS AND DUMPING LOCATIONS INSPECTION HANDBOOK
Berms at Dumping Locations
To prevent equipment from overtravel, earthen berms should have a steep inside
slope, sufficient height and width, and be firm enough. Berms constructed of only
fine-grained material should be larger and more compacted. Berms constructed of
broken rock may offer increased strength due to the interlocking and frictional
resistance of the rock pieces.
Stability Near the Dump Edge
Material near dump edges or outslopes can be relatively loose, have steep -sided slopes,
and may be unable to support heavy equipment. Moisture, thawing of frozen material,
and/or removing material from the toe also can create hazards by reducing the stability
of the dump location.
A crack or a settled area near a dump edge, outslope, or highwall bench are warning
signs of an unstable or marginally stable slope. Mine operators should
identify/barricade tension cracks and settled areas or correct these conditions.
Equipment operators should dump loads in a safe area away from these features.
Covering a crack or a settled area does not make it stable.
Good dumping practices include:
• Dump in a safe location and push material over the edge.
• Dump further away from the edge if there are cracks, excessive settling, or
the outslope is undercut, over -steepened, or sloughing.
• Block the access to the top of a pile whenever loading material from the toe.
• Slope the top of the dumping location so that equipment operators are
backing upslope to dump.
• Use backup cameras, locating devices, or spotters to aid equipment operators.
• Be alert for material sticking in beds. Do not try to jar material loose by
jamming on the brakes.
• When multiple trucks are dumping in close proximity to one another, leave
space between trucks and/or equipment to prevent accidents associated with
overturning and ground failure.
• Align roadway approaches to stockpiles so equipment operators can examine
the outslope and toe areas as they approach the dump location.
• Avoid dumping in a single location due to the increased potential for
instability and failure.
• Identify overhead power lines with highly visible objects.
• Control dust at the dumping location to maintain visibility and provide
adequate illumination.
November 2020 10

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ' I I I I I I I I I
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GRAPHIC SCALES
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PLANS
50 25 0 50 100
PROFILE (HORIZONTAL)
10 5 0 10 20
` PROFILE (VERTICAL)
ACCESS ROAD
LOCATION: WAKE COUNTY
BUFFER IMPACTS PERMIT
Prepared in the Office of:
Michael Baker Engineering, Inc.
8000 Regency Pkwy
Michael Baker Suite 600
Carryy NC 27518
INTERNATIONAL NC License: F-1084
TODD H. BUCKNER, PE
PROJECT ENGINEER
DOCUMENT NOT CONSIDERED FINAL
1NLESS ALL SIGNATURES COMPLETED
HYDRAULICS ENGINEER
Y.E.
ROADWAY DESIGN
ENGINEER
P.E.
SIGNATURE:

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. SHEET NO.
— — \ 481727 4
/ \ RW SHEET NO.
\ ROADWAY DESIGN HYDRAULICS
\ ENGINEER ENGINEER
I�50' 25' 0 50' --100'
\ SCALE: 1"=100'
\ \ DOCUMENT NOT CONSIDERED FINAL
UNLESS ALL SIGNATURES COMPLETED
\ BUFFER DRA�A/ING
SHEET 2 OF S
ALLOWABLE IMPACTS ZONE 1
ALLOWABLE IMPACTS ZONE 2
C
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290
280
270
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WSEL 260.38' I I
260
250
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240
� I
1 10 11 12 13 14 1

RIPARIAN BUFFER IMPACTS SUMMARY
IMPACTS
BUFFER
TYPE ALLOWABLE MITIGABLE REPLACEMENT
Site Station Structure ROAD PARALLEL
No. (From/To) Size / Type CROSSING IMPACT BRIDGE ZONE 1 ZONE 2 TOTAL ZONE 1 ZONE 2 TOTAL ZONE 1 ZONE 2
(ft2) (ft2) (ft2) (ft2) (ft2) (ft2) (ft2) (ft2)
1
12+18-L-
BRIDGE
X
6404
5645
12049
0
TOTALS*:
6404
1 5645
1 12049
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
0
NOTES:
2018 Feb

27'-41/2" Clear Roadway
65 ton capacity haul unit
(rear view)
1:50
60.0 Ft.
Bridge Traffic Scenario 1
Two-way mine haul unit travel.
- 27'-41/2" Clear Roadway -
65 ton capacity haul unit
(front view)
18.6 Feet

27'-41/2" Clear Roadway
60.0 Ft.
Bridge Traffic Scenario 2
27'-41/2" Clear Roadway
65 ton capacity haul unit
(front view)
18.6 Feet
One-way mine haul unit travel with two-way highway truck travel.
1:50

e
100 1
typical hwy
dump truck
~27
-47
7-2
mow
65 ton capacity
haul unit
~271
a_
isualization/