07-05_3_Redacted

M
Florida Mining Operations

211
-. i�•A1d�IF AMP .r�- _.w-
FLORIDA-Sun, Sea, _ now them today were
Sand, and Agricofarmed. 4
Phosphate. The phosphate industry
The sun, sea, and sand ranks as one of the top
help to make Florida three industries in Florida
world-famous, but the j and has a substantial
phosphate that lies below economic impact on the
the earth in Central Florida state —from millions of
is vital to all. Every plant dollars paid in taxes to
and animal depends on providing jobs for
nutrients from phosphate thousands of residents.
to survive ... there is no Phosphate employees
substitute or replacement _ receive some of the highest
for it. t-ate _�—._i wages in the state of
Phosphate is used Florida.
predominately in the Agrico, the second
manufacture of fertilizer The mixing of cool, largest phosphate mining
needed to produce larger phosphate -rich ocean company in the United
and healthier crops to feed waters and warm waters States, has been mining
the ever-increasing world from inland streams set up phosphate for almost 100
population. In Central a chemical reaction years in Florida. Today,
Florida the Hone Valley causing the phosphate to Agrico operates three
formation contains precipitate and settle on the mines, producing almost too
phosphate deposits which ocean floor, mixing with seven million tons of
geologists believe began sands and clays. phosphate rock annually.
forming during the Subsequently, the All companies mining
Miocene Age-20 to 25 phosphate deposits were phosphate rock in Florida
million years ago. What we covered by other dead sea produce about 45 million
now call Florida was creatures, plants, and tons a year, providing 80%
covered with waters sands. As Florida slowly of the total U.S. production
abundant with sea ;4 emerged from the sea, the and nearly one-third of the
creatures and ocean plants. &uphosphate deposits as we world production.

Agrico owns
i approximately 65,000 acres in
Florida located in Polk,
Hillsborough and Hardee
counties. Prior to the mining
of any area, the land is
examined by a prospecting
crew. They take core samples,
drilling 16 holes in each 40-
acre section. The samples are
analyzed by the lab to
determine (1) the depth of
overburden and the ore
thickness, (2) the quality of
the ore and the phosphate
rock product, and (3) the
_ expected tonnage. Using the
... data a mining plan is
prepared for each section.
Palmettos, scrub oaks, and
wild grasses originally
r covered much of the land in
Florida where phosphate
deposits lie. However,
approximately 25 years ago,
in order to better utilize the
land before mining, Agrico
began developing pine
plantations. As the time
approaches for the land to be
mined, these trees are
k' harvested and sold for
pulpwood. After harvesting,
'.. bulldozers then proceed to
clear and level the land.
. sir• '�`.

Large electric draglines,
weighing over three million
pounds each, are moved into
the area. Using a bucket with
a 42 cubic yard capacity, the
dragline begins to remove the
overburden (sand and soil
ranging in depth from 10 to 40
feet covering the matrix).
Each scoop is then cast into an
adjacent mined -out area.
Once the matrix (phosphate
rock integrally mixed with
sand and clay) is exposed, the
dragline scoops up the gray -
color mixture and deposits it
into a nearby "well." A
battery of hydraulic water
guns blasts the matrix with
water pressure of
approximately 185 pounds
per square inch to form a
slurry, This slurry of matrix
and water is transported via
pipeline to one of the Agrico
processing plants, sometimes
a distance of several miles.
At the processing plant the
matrix slurry is washed by
water sprays over a series of
vibrating screens and through
log washers to separate the
phosphate pebbles from the
fine phosphate particles,
quartz sand, and clay. The
clay is separated from the
phosphate particles and sand
by cyclones, then pumped to
clay settling areas.
The sand and fine

phosphate particles proceed
to the recovery plant.
Through a process called
"froth flotation," the fine
particles of phosphate can
now be recovered. In the
flotation process, small
amounts of ammonia, tall oil,
and fuel oil are used to coat
the phosphate particles which
go into the flotation cells.
Thousands of air bubbles are
introduced from the bottom of
the flotation cells. As the air
bubbles float upward, the
coated phosphate particles
attach to them. At the top of
the cell, rotating paddles skim
the phosphate particles away
as the sand sinks to the
bottom. The phosphate
particles are then put through
a second flotation step. This
time, an amine is added to the
water causing the sand
particles to float to the
surface as the fine phosphate
particles fall to the bottom.
The separated phosphate
pebbles and fine particles are
loaded into railroad cars.
Agrico's own railroad system
transports the wet rock to
South Pierce Chemical Works
for manufacturing or to the
Pierce facility for storing or
drying. Phosphate rock going
to Agrico's Big Bend Terminal
on Tampa Bay is also
transported by rail.

LAND —a precious
resource, one which is
temporarily disturbed during
the mining of phosphate. This
is what happens to the land
after we mine.
Most land after mining
resembles a "moonscape."
The large draglines have
moved to other areas and the
earth has large mounds of
overburden piled upon it. In
the early days of the
phosphate industry, much of
the mined land was left
unreclaimed. Gradually,
nature began to reclaim and
cover the barren earth.
Today-20 to 40 years later —
these areas of land are
picturesque land scenes,
wonderful areas for fishing
and hunting.
Agrico's awareness of the
need for improved land has
made this firm a leader in
reclamation. Agrico was
reclaiming land long before
government regulations
required it. Since July, 1975,
state laws require the land to
be reclaimed -acre for acre —
according to the state -
approved reclamation plan.
Some of the mined land is
used for clay settling areas.
Earthen dams are constructed
above ground, following rigid
state specifications, to
enclose mined land. Fine clay
particles separated from the
matrix are pumped as an
aqueous solution from the
washer to the settling area. As
the clay slowly sinks to the
bottom, clear water rises to
the top and is decanted for
reuse in the processing of
phosphate rock. This method
allows Agrico to recycle over
90°Ir of the water used. Once
the settling area is filled and
the water removed, the clays
compress and stabilize. The
area is disced and seeded,
allowing grass to quickly
cover the site which makes
excellent pasture land.
Another reclamation
technique to help restore
elevation levels is to pump
the sand (called tailings)
which was separated from the
matrix into the open cuts
tpreviously mined areas). As
the cut fills, bulldozers push
the overburden across the
sand to provide a fertile land.
This type of reclaimed land is
excellent for many uses. As
an interim use, Agrico utilizes
most of their reclaimed land
for pasture, grazing several
thousand head of cattle. As
pasture, it is much better than
unimproved native range
land. Thousands of pine trees
are planted to help replenish
pulpwood supplies. Orange
groves can also be planted on
reclaimed land. When mining
and reclamation are
completed, lakes provide
excellent fishing and
recreational areas and the
land is also suitable for
homesites.
The requirement for
phosphate to feed you and the
billions of others on the earth
is why Agrico mines the land.
Although the land is
disturbed temporarily, it is
reclaimed and usually
improved greatly.
AGRICO MINING
COMPANY —an aware,
concerned firm working with
the land to make life better
for you.

/ io r
1

DRAGLINE
F74,, 0-1 HIGH PRESSURE WATER MINE PUMP
Phosphate Rock Flow Sheet

~.f

1
o' � 1�,i i •, �
r �
N,• F-
•� F
OW
a ' Y' y t
64
• t lb
�Igrico _
• Agrico Mining COO*A y; P. O.-Pox 1110 • •
Mulberry\*rUiorida 33Mh /
!fr r

1
REPORT
' R-•121-74-1
October 14, 1974
l
1
PRELIMINARY WATER CONTROL
' SYSTEMS FOR SOUTH CREEK MINE
NORTH CAROLINA PHOSPHATE CORPORATION
1
Prepared For
NORTH CAROLINA PHOSPHATE CORPORATION
Mr. R. Ward Grosz
President
Post Office Box 82
Washington, North Carolina 27889
' HARSHSARGER ANa ASSOCIATES
'CONSULTANTS IN HYDROGEOLOGY
PHONE 602 - 327.7224 1525 EAST KLEINDALE ROAD
TUCSON, ARIZONA 85719

I
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
' INTRODUCTION ...... .. 1
... ... ........................
' HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ......................... 3
1 STRATIGRAPHIC AND HYDROGEOLOGIC SUBDIVISIONS.. 3
THE PEEDEE HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT .............. 3
' THE CASTLE HAYNE AQUIFER SYSTEM............ 6
The Beaufort H dro eolo is Unit.........
6
'
The Lower Castle Hayne Hydr2geologic
Unit..................................
7
' The Upper Castle Hayne Hydrogeologic
Unit,.,,,.... ..........
7
' Transmissivit .......... 0...............
7
PUNGO RIVER HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT .............
9
' THE YORKTOWN HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT............
10
THE P0ST—MIOCENE HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT........
11
WATER LEVEL IN WELLS AND PIEZOMETRIC SURFACES —
' 1�jAND 1970 CONDITIONS .........................
12
POST—MIOCENE UNIT........ ........ ..
12
'
YORKTOWNUNIT ....................... 9.........
13
PUNGO RIVER UNIT
13
...........................
'
CASTLE HAYNE AQUIFER SYSTEM........ ...........
14
' UPPER CASTLE HAYNE UNIT ....................
14
LOWERCASTLE HAYNE UNIT ....................
14
BEAUFORT UNIT
16
' ..............................

ITABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)
n
'
Page
'
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE MOVEMENT AND DISCHARGE.........
17
'
CASTLE HAYNE AQUIFER SYSTEM .....................
17
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF PUMPING -CASTLE HAYNE
'
AQUIFER SYSTEM .....................................
19
RELATION OF PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE TO PUMPAGE......
19
'
FLOW -NET ANALYSIS ............................
19
'
1970 Conditions ...........................
20
FLOW PATTERNS IN THE AQUIFER SYSTEM .............
21
'
DOWNWARD LEAKAGE .............................
21
'
1974 CONDITIONS .................................
22
PROPOSED PUMPING REQUIREMENTS AND PROJECTED EFFECTS..
24
'
UPPER CASTLE HAYNE HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT...........
24
PROJECTIONS FOR DRY OPEN -PIT MINE............
25
Lee Creek Pumping Center ..................
25
'
Lee Creek and South Creek (NCP No. 1)
Pumping -Centers .........................
25
'
Lee Creek and South Creek (NCP No. 1
and No 2) Pumping„ -Centers .............
26
Lee Creek and South Creek NCP No. 1
'
No. 2 and No Pumping- Centers.......
28
'
SUMMATION OF WATER CONTROL PROJECTIONS.......
30
REFERENCES CITED ............... ......................
31
i

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
Page
1
EAST -WEST CROSS SECTION, SOUTH OF
PAMLICORIVER ..........................
5
2
TOP OF UPPER CASTLE RAYNE UNIT...........
S
3
UPPER CASTLE RAYNE UNIT PIEZOMETRIC SUR-
FACE JULY, 1970.......................
15
4
PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE OF UPPER CASTLE
RAYNE AUGUST, 1974................. In
Pocket
5
PROJECTED CASTLE RAYNE PIEZOMETRIC SUR-
FACE FOR MINE PIT NO. I ............. In
Pocket
b
PROJECTED CASTLE RAYNE PIEZOMETRIC SUR-
FACE FOR MINE PITS NOS. I AND 2..... In
Pocket
7
PROJECTED CASTLE RAYNE PIEZOMETRIC SUR-
FACE FOR MINE PITS NOS. 19 2,
AND 3 ............................... In
Pocket
C--1.
PRELIMINARY WELL FIELD PLAN FOR DRY
OPEN -PIT WATER CONTROL ..............
C-2
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 STRATIGRAPHIC AND HYDROGEOLOGIC SUB --
DIVISIONS 4
2 BASIC DATA DEVELOPED FOR WATER CONTROL
REQUIREMENTS AND PROJECTION ANALYSIS... 27
iii

APPENDICES
Appendix
A GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MINE DEPRESSURE
WATER WELLS, NORTH CAROLINA PHOSPHATE
CORPORATION
B PUMPING UNIT
C PRELIMINARY WELL FIELD DESIGN AND PLAN FOR
DRY OPEN —PIT WATER CONTROL
iv

' PRELIMINARY WATER CONTROL
' SYSTEMS FOR SOUTH CREEK MINE
NORTH CAROLINA PHOSPHATE CORPORATION
'
INTRODUCTION
'
In accordance with request by Mr. R. W. Grosz, President,
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation, the water control re-
quirements to accommodate preliminary mining plans for the South
Creek Mine have been formulated and presented herein. The water
'
control methodology, in general, is similar to that employed by
an existing nearby open -pit mining operation. The occurrence
'
of the Castle Hayne Limestone artesian aquifer beneath the phos-
phate matrix requires that the piezometric level of this arte-
sian system must be maintained below the base of the matrix for
the practical extraction with the proposed mining methods.
'
The basic technique to be employed comprises the construction
and pumping of depressurization wells adjacent to the open -pit
'
mine to maintain the artesian hydrostatic head at safe level
for dry -pit mining.
'
The scope of this report includes a resume of the basic
'
components of the hydrogeological conditions; the historic
water levels (1965 and 1970); analysis of effects of pumping
from the Castle Rayne aquifer system, 1970-1974 conditions; and
projected effects, based on proposed pumping requirements for
'
the preliminary mine plans. Much of the background data and ana-
lytical procedures have been obtained from the following report,

' HARSHBAR13ER AND ASSOCIATES
2
"Hydrogeology and Effects of Pumping from Castle Hayne Aquifer
'
System Beaufort County, North Carolina" by Ground Water Division,
'
North Carolina Department of Water and Air Resources; William
F. Guyton Associates, Consulting Groundwater Hydrologist;
and
'
Leggette, Brashears and Graham, Consulting Groundwater Geologists;
Harshbarger Associates, Hydrogeology;
and Consultants in and
'
William C. Walton, Consulting Groundwater Hydrologist, September,
1971. The
proposed water --control pumping regimes and projected
'
effects have been prepared by Harshbarger and Associates to
the by
accommodate several preliminary mining plans presented
'
John T. Boyd Company in a separate report. A series of maps
the
showing piezometric surface of the Castle Hayne aquifer have
'
been prepared which include the 1974 actual conditions and the
several projected conditions for the proposed phases of mine
'
operations.
t Grateful appreciation is extended to Harry Peek and staff,
Ground Water Division, Department of Natural and Economic Re-
sources (NCDNER) for their excellent cooperation and provision
of current water level data. The water level data submitted by
' Texas Gulf Industries and North Carolina Phosphate Corporation
were most useful to complete the 1974 piezometric surface map.
1

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
1
HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
STRATIGRAPHIC AND HYDROGEOLOGIC SUBDIVISIONS
Sedimentary rocks of the Beaufort County area have been
subdivided into hydrogeologic units (NCDWAR, 1971) based prin-
cipally on differences, or apparent differences, in permeabil-
ity and hydrologic characteristics. Table 1 shows these hydro -
geologic units along with the established stratigraphic sub-
divisions based on geologic age determined by paleontological
' criteria and stratigraphic position. Some of the hydrogeologic
units consist of subdivisions of stratigraphic units; others
overlap formational boundaries (Table 1). In general, the
hydrogeologic units coincide with the stratigraphic units.
1
The investigation (NCDWAR,1971) was primarily concerned
with the hydrogeologic units that lie above the Peedee unit of
Late Cretaceous age. Figure 1 is a typical east -west cross-
section which shows the general eastward dip and thickness of
the units.
THE PEEDEE HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT
Throughout most of the Beaufort County area, the Peedee
unit consists of thin -bedded, glauconitic, silty sands and
dark -gray, micaceous clays. The clays and silty sands con-
stitute an effective confining layer between the Castle Hayne
aquifer system and deeper aquifers of Cretaceous age. The
' upward movement of water from the Peedee unit in the study area
appears to be negligible because of low vertical permeability
and the thickness of this unit. The top of the Peedee unit
ranges from about 125 feet to more than 850 feet below mean
' sea level in the area and is considered to be the base of the
hydrogeologic system.
1
3

4
TABLE 1.--STRATIGRAPHIC AND HYDROGEOLOGIC SUBDIVISIONS
SISTEM SERIES STRATICRAPHIC NIDROGEOLOOIC CHARACTER
UN175 VNITSs
RECENTUndifferentiated POST-�QOCENE Brad, silt, strlls mad rser clay. This watt comprises
�ATERNART PUISTOCENE unit UNIT the unconfined or *waterttobla' aquifer and includes
(A mods of the TcrYtown formation to sass localities.
YORKTOWN Interbedded sand mad clay with sow shell beds. Clays
FOWATION TORITOWN am generally randy and comprise confining hod■ over
UNIT most of the area. The body of shell and "ad are con-
(?(►) fined aquifers except in the southwestern part of the
wren.
XIOCENE
Phosphate and quartz read, silt, clay and limsatoae.
PQNGO RIVER PUNGO RIVER Porasability of the unit is lov because of silt and
POWATIOR =I clay content and layers of doloodtie limestoas. Unit
(Hpr) serves as ■ confining bed over most of the area. iky
serve as an aquifer in aome localities.
TERTIARY
UPPER Permeable and �� porous shall lissstanr. An excellent
Him aquifer mad the soot productive unit of the Castle
UNIT $ayca aquifer syntm.
(U Ech)
CAB=
ham
EOCZ=
LI?�5570NE
LOWER
CASTLE Shen limstons interbedded with calcareous sands.
HLYHE A moderately productive aquifer, but lees peraeahle
UNIT than the upper Cartle Boyne unit.
(L Ech)
Fins glauconitic oand, silty and ela7ey in past.
BEAMRT
Includes sands of the upper part of the Peodoe
PALZOCENE MMATTON
F AMRT formation in sow localities. The permoabllity
UNIT of the unit to relatively lov and the unit is
(Ph) not a highly productive aquifer.
PE=
FDRHATIOR
MIME
UPPER UNIT
CRETACEOUS CRETACEOUS K ACR CM= (Epd)
FORMATION AND lnterbedded clay, fine surd and silt tbrt fors •
UNDIFFERENTIATED confining bed benoath the Castle Boyne aquifer
CRETACEOUS systan.
UNITS
TUSCALOOSA
FORMATION
LOVER UNNAMD
CRETACEOUS RORIUTION
BA RT •Symbols used " caster -level, chloride content,
and water use saps
Adapted from NCDWAR, 1971

1� m m m r M M�= M m m m m r m m M M m m m
P-22.1-24 P-21,ik-2
P-19,n-20 0-mh-611
0-14,r-411
COXS X-ROADS AURORA
LOWLAND
WEST
EAST
A
A
SO
•rrnw..Am sun tote
POST-NOCEFE LIMIT
SO
SEA LEVE
SEA LEVEL
�'OH#(TOWN tam
UPPER C4Srtc
NAYS i
~WP 0JvL'
Wr
ukrr
w
(OWE'? +~as i
c kArkE
W
3
wr
O
r
u
t'tiT
SOO�DeF
soo
Pr �� r
-Nn4
Fa
f'r4
CC CU$
�i
M
Flow
ro boo
To son
K
,WY+
TY fN i0w
I �+L OJRM. III I�Jtk
1000
ow
k 9 k l J MlN
Adapted
from NCDWAR,
1971
FIGURE 1. -- EAST —WEST CROSS SECTION, SOUTH OF
PAMLICO RIVER
ME

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
6
1
' THE CASTLE RAYNE AQUIFER SYSTEM
The Castle Rayne aquifer system is the most productive
aquifer system in North Carolina. It comprises: the Castle
Rayne Limestone of Eocene age, the predominant component; the
Beaufort Formation of Paleocene age; and, in some parts of the
area, sands that occur in the uppermost part of the Peedee For-
mation of Cretaceous age.
The Castle Rayne Limestone lies unconformably on the
Beaufort Formation. It is predominantly a gray, white and tan
' shell limestone, grading downward into a more dense, sandy shell
limestone with interbedded calcareous sands. The Beaufort For-
mation consists principally of silty sands with thin beds of
limestone. The total thickness of the aquifer system ranges
from about 140 feet to more than 640 feet, and the average
thickness is. about 350 feet.
1
The Castle Rayne aquifer system was subdivided into three
hydrogeologic units (NCDWAR, 1971) representing three zones of
significantly different hydrologic character and permeability,
which comprise a single hydraulic system. In ascending order,
these units are the Beaufort unit, the lower Castle Rayne unit,
' and the upper Castle Rayne unit.
The Beaufort Hydrogeologic Unit
The Beaufort hydrogeologic unit of the Castle Rayne aquifer
system includes all of the Beaufort Formation of Paleocene age
and the sands that comprise the upper part of the Peedee Forma-
tion in some parts of the area. The Beaufort unit generally
' consists of coarse to fine glauconite and quartz sand, silty
and clayey sand, and some thin beds of limestone.
1

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
7
1
' The Lower Castle Rayne H dro eolo is Unit
The lower Castle Hayne hydrogeologic unit consists of
' sandy shell limestone, dense sandy limestone, and mostly fine
to medium glauconitic and calcareous sand. The top of the
' unit ranges from about 40 feet to more than 540 feet below
sea level. The thickness increases from west to east, and
' ranges from less than 40 to more than 240 feet.
'
The Upper Castle Hayne Hydrogeologic- Unit,
The upper Castle Hayne unit is a porous and permeable
tshell
limestone and is the primary water -bearing unit of the
aquifer system. The high primary porosity and permeability
have been increased considerably in most of the study area by
solution resulting from groundwater circulation during a rela-
'
tively long period of geologic time. The depth below land
surface, the increase in thickness from west to east, and other
1
data indicate a decrease in permeability in an eastward direc-
tion. The top of the unit in the western part of the area is
highly irregular (Figure 2),representing an erosional surface.
The unit does not crop out in the study area, but the alti-
'
tude of the top ranges from about sea level in the western part
of the area to more than 380 feet below sea level in the eastern
'
part. The thickness of the unit ranges from about 20 feet to
'
more than 180 feet.
'
Transmissivity
The long-term effects of pumping from the TGS wells at
'
Lee Creek Mine provide the best pump test to determine the
transmissivity of the aquifer system. Pumping records indi-
cated a transmissivity of 250,000 gallons per day per foot
(gpd/ft) in the vicinity of Lee Creek Mine. A test conducted
'
near Aurora, Well Q-17, e-10)1, by the North Carolina Phosphate
1
Corporation also showed the transmissivity of the aquifer to be

i
FIGURE 2. --- TOP OF UPPER CASTLE HAYNE UNIT
1

HARSHBARSER AND ASSOCIATES
9
I
about 250,000 gpd/ft. Data from a test conducted at Well 0-19,
' j-3, near Blounts Bay by Weyerhaeuser, Inc., indicated a trans-
' missivity of about 170,000 gpd/ft for the aquifer at that loca-
tion.
Satisfactory pump tests of the individual units in the
aquifer system have not been conducted. An evaluation of the
transmissive character of these units was based on interpreta-
tion of hydrogeologic and lithologic data, specific capacities
and yields of wells, and response to pumping of the upper
' Castle Rayne unit. This evaluation led to the conclusion that
the relative average permeabilities of the three aquifer units,
' in descending order, are in the ratio of about 50:5:1. The
estimated range of transmissivity for these units is: the
' upper Castle Rayne unit about 90,000 to 310,000 gpd/ft; the
lower Castle Rayne unit about 10,000 to 35,000 gpd/ft; and the
' Beaufort unit from 2,000 to 7,000 gpd/ft.
PUNGO RIVER RYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT
The Pungo River hydrogeologic unit generally corresponds
to the Pungo River stratigraphic unit. The unit consists pre-
dominantly of phosphate and quartz sands interbedded with
' sandy, silty clay, limestone and dolomite layers. The sands
of the unit may constitute aquifers in some parts of the area,
' but generally they are silty or clayey with a very low perm-
eability. The unit as a whole is an effective confining layer
' (aquitard) above the Castle Rayne aquifer system because of the
low permeability of the beds of sandy and silty clay, limestone
and dolomite. The top of the Pungo River unit ranges from about
20 to more than 100 feet below sea level. The unit does not
' crop out but thins to a feather edge in the subsurface along a
general north -south alignment in the western part of the area.
1

iHARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
10
From the pinch out, the thickness of the unit increases east—
ward to more than 180 feet (Figure 1). Lithologic data indi—
cate a gradational change in grain size from west to east, as
the silt and clay content increases down --dip or eastward.
ITHE YORKTOWN HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT
' The Yorktown unit consists largely of marine clay and silt
interbedded, in general, with lenticular beds of sand, shells
and shell limestone or marl. The top of the unit commonly rep—
resents the first clay encountered below the land surface, ex—
cept in the southwestern part of the area where clays are ab—
sent. The elevation of the top of the unit ranges from more
' than 40 feet above sea level in the western part of the area to
as much as 40 feet below sea level in the eastern part. Although
' the unit is predominantly sandy clay, it contains beds of sand
that extend over most of the area. On the basis -of the geologic
control, primarily gamma radiation logs, the sands appear to be
interconnected and to constitute a single aquifer system. This
aquifer system is effectively confined except in the area where
clays are absent.
The total thickness of the Yorktown unit in the area ranges
' from about 20 feet to more than 150 feet. The clay members of
the Yorktown unit comprise a combined aquitard thickness ranging
from a feather edge to more than 100 feet.
' Few tests to determine the transmissivity of the permeable
zones have been made, but the transmissivity generally is esti—
mated to be a few thousand gpd/ft. Testa of wells of the City
of Belhaven that yield water largely from a shell —limestone
' unit show a transmissivity of about 20,000 gpd/ft.

HARSHSARGER AND ASSOCIATES
11
THE POST—MIOCENE HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT
The post —Miocene hydrogeologic unit consists primarily
of the surficial sand, but includes some beds of shell and
some silt and salty clay. In certain parts of the area, the
unit includes sands of the Yorktown formation. The thickness
of the unit ranges from less than a foot to about 50 feet, but,
for the most part, is about 20 feet. The top of the unit is
land surface.
Pumping tests to adequately determine the transmissivity
of the aquifer have not been made, but it is probably a few
thousand gpd/ft.

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
12
I
WATER LEVEL IN WELLS AND PIEZOMETRIC SURFACES -
1965 AND 1970 CONDITIONS
The groundwater in the post -Miocene unit is exposed to
atmospheric pressure, and exists under unconfined or water -
table conditions. In the southwestern part of Beaufort County
the groundwater in the Yorktown unit is also unconfined. In
'
most of Beaufort County, the groundwater in the Yorktown unit
is confined by aquitards and exists under artesian pressure.
'
Groundwater in the hydrogeologic units that underlie the
Yorktown unit also exists under artesian pressure. In general,
water levels in water -table wells respond rapidly to variable
recharge rates caused by changes in the infiltration of pre-
cipitation. In artesian wells, fluctuations of water level
caused by changes in precipitation are generally less apparent
than those produced by pumping wells.
Prior to the start of pumping at the Lee Creek Mine, the
piezometric surfaces for all of the hydrogeologic units in
'
Beaufort County were probably everywhere above sea level. The
withdrawal at Lee Creek caused a widespread lowering of the
piezometric surface for the Castle Hayne aquifer system east
of Blounts Bay. The effects of this withdrawal on the posi-
tions of the piezometric surfaces for the overlying hydrogeologic
units are given below.
I
POST-MIOCENE UNIT
The post -Miocene water table is generally only a few feet
below the land surface. Water -level measurements have been
I
made in only a few post -Miocene wells. The elevation and con-
figuration of the water table for the unit was estimated from
land -surface elevations shown on USGS topographic maps. Meas-
urements in 1969 indicated that pumpage at Lee Creek had not

iHARSHSARGER AND ASSOCIATES
13
1
measurably affected the position of the water table at Lee Creek.
1
' YORKTOWN UNIT
Most of the limited water -level data for this unit are for
' the period after pumping started at Lee Creek. Water levels in
some Yorktown wells, in the area where Castle Hayne water levels
' have been affected by the Lee Creek pumping, have been below
sea level occasionally. Periodic measurements from wells show
' that water levels rose after pumpage at Lee Creek was reduced
in the latter part of 1968, and have been above sea level since
June 1969, except at one well.
' During mining operations at Lee Creek, the post --Miocene
and Yorktown overbuden is removed so that the phosphate ore
' can be excavated. As a result, Yorktown groundwater has been
continuously draining into the pit since 1965. The rate of drain-
age has ranged from about 0.5 mgd (million gallows per day)to
1 mgd. It is estimated that this drainage could cause a drawdown of
several feet at a distance of 4 miles in 2 years of drainage (1965-67) .
.It is believed that part of the water -level decline in the
tYorktown well 4 miles northeast of Lee Creek,and probably also
part of the decline indicated by the other wells to the north,
' is due to drainage from the Yorktown. Data are not available
to determine the precise amount of decline of water levels in
' Yorktown wells resulting from Castle Hayne pumpage.
' PUNGO RIVER UNIT
t Few reliable measurements of water levels in Pungo River
unit wells are available. The Pungo River piezometric surface
' was probably everywhere above sea level in Beaufort County
prior to the start of pumping, and at Lee Creek was probably
about 6 to 7 feet above sea level. It is assumed that the de-
cline of water levels in the Pungo River unit has been greater
1

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
14
1
'
than in the Yorktown, and that water
between those
levels in the
the Yorktown
vicinity of
the Castle
the mine are now of
and
Hayne.
'
CASTLE HAYNE AQUIFER SYSTEM
'
UPPER CASTLE HAYNE UNIT
In July 1965, the Texas Gulf
Sulphur Company began
pump-
ing from wells at Lee Creek open
only to the upper
Castle Hayne
unit. Pumpage averaged about 60
mgd until near the
end of 1968.
'
Withdrawals were reduced to about
53 mgd in 1969 and
52 mgd in
1970.
The withdrawal at Lee Creek has caused a decline of water
' levels in Castle Hayne aquifer system wells in the eastern part
of Beaufort County and adjacent areas. Nearly all of the de-
cline of water levels in the aquifer system occurred within
about a year after pumping began. Since then, essentially no
' further regional decline has occurred. In fact, water levels
rose when pumpage was reduced in 1969.
The piezometric surface for the aquifer for 1970 is shown
' on Figure 3. The piezometric surface at the Lee Creek Mine is
about 120 feet below sea level. The configuration of the piez-
ometric contours shows that southeast of Blounts Bay, ground-
water is moving toward Lee Creek from all directions.
1
LOWER CASTLE HAYNE UNIT
1 Water -level data for this unit are limited. The effect
' of pumping at Lee Creek cannot be directly measured because
most of the data were obtained after 1966. At multi -well
' observation stations, the lower Castle Hayne water levels

15
22 21 20 19 18 17 15 15 14 13 12 11 10
Adapted From: NCDWAR, 1971
FIGURE 3. -- UPPER CASTLE RAYNE UNIT PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE JULY, 1970

HARSHSARGER AND ASSOCIATES
lb
' closely resembles that for the upper Castle Hayne. The water -
level data show that pumping has formed a cone of depression
' in the lower Castle Hayne piezometric surface and that its
configuration is similar to that for the upper Castle Hayne.
' The elevations of the piezometric surfaces are generally about
the same in both units, except in the recharge area to the west.
The direction of groundwater movement is essentially the same
in both units.
BEAUFORT UNIT
The effect of pumping cannot be directly measured because
most of the limited water -level measurements have been made
' since 1966. Water -level records at multi. -well observation sta-
tions indicate that the trend of Beaufort water levels closely
' resembles that for the upper and lower Castle Hayne. Water -
level data indicate that a cone of depression has been developed
' in the Beaufort piezometric surface, similar to the upper and
lower Castle Hayne units. The elevation of the piezometric
' surface for the last of three units is generally about the
same, except in the recharge area to the west.

HARSHBARGER ANo ASSOCIATES
17
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE MOVEMENT AND DISCHARGE
In gross aspect, an aquifer system consists of recharge
areas, discharge areas and water -bearing rocks that transmit
groundwater from the recharge areas to the discharge areas.
Generally, the amount of water stored in a system is many
times the annual recharge.
Recharge to all the aquifers considered in this report
originates by infiltration of precipitation and streamflow
into the post -Miocene unit. The average annual precipitation
in the area is about 50 inches per year. The post -Miocene
deposits are generally permeable and provide a large reservoir
to accept infiltration. The potential infiltration from pre-
cipitation, where the reservoir is not already full, is esti-
mated to average more than 10 inches per year (0.5 mgd per
square mile). The underlying aquifers are recharged in areas
where head conditions cause downward movement of water from
the post -Miocene unit. The rate of percolation downward from
the post -Miocene is governed by the vertical hydraulic gradient
and the vertical permeability of the materials that overlie the
Castle Rayne aquifer system. Water is also discharged from the
post -Miocene unit into streams and other bodies of surface water
and into the atmosphere by evapotranspiration throughout Beau-
fort County. Natural discharge (or upward movement into the
post -Miocene) from the underlying aquifers occurs where upward
hydraulic gradients exist.
CASTLE RAYNE AQUIFER SYSTEM
Prior to the start of pumping at Lee Creek, water was
moving through the Castle Rayne aquifer system from the major
areas of recharge in the western part of Beaufort County to
discharge areas along the Pamlico River and in the eastern
part of the county. After pumping at Lee Creek started, a

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
18
1
widespread cone of depression developed in the piezometric
'
surface of the aquifer system in the eastern part ❑f Beaufort
County and in adjacent areas (Figure 3). The hydraulic grad-
in the the
ient between the recharge areas western part of
county and Lee Creek was steepened and the gradient east of
'
Lee Creek was reversed (Figure 3). These conditions have
'
increased the rate of eastward movement of water toward
Lee Creek and reversed the direction of movement east of
Lee Creek. In the cone of depression, water now is moving
toward Lee Creek from all directions (Figure 3). The discharge
area east of Blounts Bay has been largely converted into an in-
'
take area. The rate of recharge per unit area east of Blounts
Bay is relatively small as compared to the rate of recharge per
unit area in the principal natural intake area to the west of
'
Blounts Bay. It is estimated that the total recharge in the
principal intake area to the west is about twice the amount in
tthe
area east of Blounts Bay.
'
The location of the Pungo River unit pinch out in the
western part of Beaufort County is shown on Figure 2. Large
amounts of recharge are available to the Castle Hayne aquifer
in the vicinity of the Pungo River pinch out and in the area
where the upper Castle Hayne unit is essentially unconfined.
The cone of depression ceased expanding because the amount of
'
groundwater moving into the cone from these areas to the west,
combined with recharge by downward leakage east of Blounts Bay,
'
equalled the amount being pumped by the wells at the Lee Creek
Mine.
' Additional pumpage in Beaufort County would result in a
' deeper and somewhat more widespread cone of depression. This
would result in the interception of additional recharge, suf-
ficient to balance the amount of water pumped. The amount of
potential recharge is estimated to be more than the amounts
' of pumpage considered in this report.

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
19
1
' ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF PUMPING -
' CASTLE HAYNE AQUIFER SYSTEM
' RELATION OF PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE TO PUMPAGE
'
In less than one year after pumping commenced, the hy-
draulic gradients established within the aquifer from recharge
'
areas to the west and downward leakage through the overlying
beds became great enough to transmit water continuously toward
'
the pumping center;and the growth of the depression cone
approached stabilization.
The asymmetric pattern of the piezometric surface,
'
(Figure 3) is primarily caused by differences in hydrogeological
conditions which control the recharge across the area. The
'
occurrence of the Castle Hayne aquifer near the land surface
and the high rate of leakage through overlying beds combine to
'
make the western sector the major source of water to the aquifer.
The more wide -spread water -level decline in the eastern sector
'
indicates the relatively low rate of recharge in this region.
' Many fluctuations in the piezometric surface, evident in
observation well hydrographs for the period 1965-70, can be
' correlated with variations in the pumping rate at Lee Creek
' Mine. Water levels in the western sector are affected by season-
al changes in the rate of recharge as well as by the pumping
t variations. The position of the zero contour on the cone of
depression map (Figure 3) has been estimated by eliminating the
teffects of seasonal recharge.
' FLOW -NET ANALYSIS
A flow -net analysis was made for the 1970 upper Castle Hayne
' unit piezometric surfaces. The objective of this analysis was to

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
20
1
establish an areal assignment of aquifer transmissivity (T) and
' aquitard vertical permeability (PI) values consistent with hy-
' drogeological conditions and interpretations. These are the
principal unknown factors controlling lateral flow through the
aquifer (underflow) and vertical flow through the aquitard
' (leakage).
' 1970 Conditions
' The well-defined and uniform nature of the piezometric
surface facilitated construction of a flow -net. The total
' discharge at the TGS mine (52 mgd) was apportioned among several
subareas.
Although T values in each subarea have not been determined
by pumping tests, several control points have been established.
The best control point is in the vicinity of the Lee Creek Mine
where an analysis of the 5-year pumpage water -level relationship
gives a T value of 250,000 gpd/ft. Values of 250,000 gpd/ft at
Well Q-17, a-10)1 and 170,000 gpd/ft at Well 0-19, j-3 have also
been determined. The generally uniform nature of the aquifer
system across the area indicates that the T values do not differ
greatly from these determined values.
A combined pattern of transmissivity and vertical permea-
bility which was consistent with hydrogeological interpretations
was established after several computer runs were made. The trans-
missivity distribution providing the best correlation with hy-
drogeological conditions ranges from the lowest value of approx-
imately 100,000 gpd/ft in the western sector where the aquifer
is relatively thin. To the east and south, the increased aquifer
thickness accounts for T values of approximately 3509000 gpd/ft.
In the extreme eastern part of the area, the transmissivity de-
creases although the aquifer thickness increases.

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
21
1
The distribution of vertical permeability of sediments
overlying the Castle Hayne Limestone is characterized by de-
creasing values from west to east. Highest values, .010 to
.018 gallons per day per square foot (gpd/ft2), occur in the
extreme western and northwestern sections of the area where
the silt in the Yorktown unit controls leakage rates. The
transition zone in the Yorktown unit from silt to clay was
assigned a P' value range of .007 to .010 gpd/ft2. The pre-
dominantly clayey zone of the Yorktown unit was assigned a P'
value range of .001 to .007 gpd/ft2. The leakage rates were
found to be controlled principally by the thickness of the
Pungo River unit clay, silt and sand beginning at about the
30-foot thickness. East of the 30-foot thickness, the P'
values range from a .001 gpd/ft2 to a .0005 gpd/ft2.
FLOW PATTERNS IN THE AQUIFER SYSTEM
The pumpage at Lee Creek is entirely from the upper Castle
Hayne unit. The aquifer responds to this pumpage by transmit-
ting water principally in a lateral direction toward the pumping
center; however, the lateral flow is augmented by downward leak-
age into the aquifer. Upward flow from the lower aquifer units,
lower Castle Hayne and Beaufort, contributes some water to the
' upper Castle Hayne unit in the vicinity of the TGS pit. With
the exception of the immediate vicinity of the pumping center,
these lower units are subject to the same pressure relief that
is measured in the upper unit; therefore, groundwater is also
moving through these units toward the TGS pit, but at slower
rates.
DOWNWARD LEAKAGE
The 1970 flow -net analysis indicates that in the eastern
two-thirds of the area, lateral flow within the aquifer con-
stitutes the major groundwater movement, with a small contri-
bution from downward leakage. In the western part of the study

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
22
'
area, where vertical permeability values are relatively high,
both lateral flow and leakage are important.
'
Several calculations were made to locate the area along
'
the Pamlico River which would be subject to the minimum travel
time with continued pumping at Lee Creek. The minimum travel
'
time of 500 years was calculated for a point about 2 miles east
of the middle of Blounts Bay. To the west of this point, the
'
decreasing hydraulic gradient accounts for longer travel times,
even though P' increases and aquitard thickness decreases. To
1
the east, the principal factors causing longer travel times are
lower P' values and a greater aquitard thickness.
'
1974 CONDITIONS
'
In order to assess the 1974 piezometric surface conditions
of the Castle Hayne unit, water levels were compiled from sev-
eral sources. Data were submitted by the Groundwater Division,
Department of Natural and Economic Resources; Texas Gulf Industries;
and North Carolina Phosphate Corporation. Several months (July,
August, and early September, 1974) of water level measurements
were used to obtain reasonable confidence to establish piezo-
metric contours. A piezometric surface contour map of the
upper Castle Hayne has been prepared (Figure 4) to serve as a
baseline for the projected pumping operations for the preliminary
'
mine plan.
' The 1974 piezometric surface of the upper Castle Hayne unit
is about the same as in 1970 (Figure 3). There is a small change
' in that the depression cone has been elongated southward toward
' Aurora. There has been a fluctuation of water levels during the
1970-1974 period, but this is related to the variation in the
TGI pumping rates. Groundwater Bulletin No. 21, June 1974
' (NCDNER) reports that the TGI pumping rate ranged from 50.3 to
' 63.5 mgd; also the area below -120 feet (msl) ranged from 90 to

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
' 420 acres for the 1972-1974 period.
' The flow pattern is similar to the 1970 steady-state con-
ditions; that is, the groundwater moves laterally toward the
TGZ pumping centroid which is augmented by downward leakage
into the Castle Hayne Limestone. As the depression cone steep-
ens and extends over a larger area, an increase in downward
leakage could be expected. The aquifer coefficients employed
' for the 1970 flownet analysis and projected effects were used
to prepare the projected effects by the estimated pumping
' needed to accommodate NCPC mining plans. The 1974 piezometric
map (Figure 4) comprises the baseline reference for all pro-
jections given herein.
23

' HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
1
' PROPOSED PUMPING REQUIREMENTS AND PROJECTED EFFECTS
' UPPER CASTLE RAYNE HYDROGEOLOGIC UNIT
' Continued pumping by TGI at Lee Creek and withdrawals at
' additional pumping centers requires the assessment of potential
changes within the aquifer. The following factors were considered
' in the assessment: 1) lateral movement within the aquifer system;
2) downward movement via the overlying aquitard; and 3} movement
t within the aquifer due to upconing in the vicinity of pumping
centers.
' The rate of lateral movement of water in the aquifer is a
' function of lateral permeability and hydraulic gradient and of
porosity. The gradient was determined directly from the piexo-
' metric surface map. The porosity was estimated on the basis of
data from core analysis and on the experience of groundwater
' investigators. Estimates of porosity for upper Castle Rayne
unit range from 30 to 40 percent.
' The rate of downward movement through the aquitard is a
' function of vertical permeability and hydraulic gradient and
of porosity. The distribution of vertical permeability values
' was derived from the flow -net analysis. The hydraulic gradient
for the aquitard was obtained from the basic -data maps.
tNumerous samples of sediments from the Yorktown and Pungo River
units in the vicinity of the TGS pit were measured for poro-
sity; average values range from 40 to 50 percent.
The effect of upconing is restricted to the vicinity of a
well field. These effects are considered significant to a
' distance of about one mile radius from the pumping center.
24

' HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
25
Consideration of the effects of second, third, and fourth
' proposed pumping centers, operating concurrently with the present
' TGI operation, required the development of composite drawdown
cones to project future water levels. The TGI drawdown cone
' served as a guide in constructing the drawdown cones for the
other pumping centers. The mutual drawdown effects from other
' proposed operations were considered in determining pumping
rates and pressure relief requirements for mining.
' PROJECTIONS FOR DRY OPEN -PIT MINE
' Projections were made for changes in the piezometric
surface in the upper Castle Hayne unit resulting from the con-
tinued pumping at Lee Creek and for three pumping centers
operating concurrently with the TGI operation. The 1974 con—
ditions (Figure 4) were used as the baseline for the projections.
' Lee Creek Pumping Center
For the Lee Creek mining operations, it was assumed that
' the 1974 pumping rates at Lee Creek would continue for the
next 10 years. Average pumping requirements to accommodate a
' pressure relief requirement of 130 feet are estimated to be
about 52 mgd. The piezometric surface map for 1974 (Figure 4)
trepresenting a steady-state condition, is considered to be
applicable for the entire projections for the NCPC depressur-
ization pumping regimes.
Lee Creek and South Creek (NCP No. 1) Pumnine Centers
' The initial NCPC pumping center is designated as NCP No. 1
open -pit phosphate mine near South Creek, approximately 3.75 miles
' southeast of the Lee Creek Mine, at the eastern limit of Block 4A
(Figure 5). The pumping requirement at this site would be a
' function of the pressure relief necessary for the open -pit
mine. The average pressure relief required by TGI has been

1 HARSHBARGER AND ASS©CiATES
26
1
' estimated to be 130 feet; whereas, at the NCP M. 1 pit, 130 feetwould
be required. The concurrent operation of these two pits would
' create a mutual benefit of pressure relief for each pumping
operation.
' It has been concluded that for a steady-state situation,
TGI would operate with a pumpage of approximately 52 mgd and
the NCP No. 1 pit could operate with a pumpage of approximately
44 mgd. The joint operation would require a total pumpage of
about 96 mgd. The projected steady-state piezometric surface
' which would occur at the initial pit (July 1977), for NCP No. 1
pit at the above pumping conditions, is shown on Figure 5.
' Lee Creek and South Creek NCP No. 1 and No. 2 Pum.Ring Centers
A third pumping center comprises an NCP No. 2 open -pit
operation with a water requirement of about 36 mgd located at
' the eastern limit of Block 4B, about 4,000 feet north of the
initial NCP No. 1 open -pit. The operation of this pit has
' been estimated to begin in July 1981, or four years after con-
tinuous operation in NCP No. 1. It has been assumed a steady-
state condition would be established and TGI would continue
at a pumpage of about 52 mgd. The most efficient and con-
servative operation of the NCP No. I and No. 2 pits would be
with balanced pumping conditions. Computations were made to
' estimate these minimum pumping requirements to achieve de-
pressurization for dry -pit operations (Table 2). The esti-
mated balanced pumpage is about 18 and 36 mgd for NCP Nos. I
and 2 pit operations. A resume of the balanced pumping pro-
cedure is given as follows:
' Figure 6 shows the respective positions of NCP•Nos. 1
and 2 pits as of July 1981. The pressure relief (PR)
' required at these positions is 95 and 113 feet beneath
the piezometric surface as shown in Figure 4 (1974
' conditions). The following equations wre developed

TABLE 2.---BASIC DATA DEVELOPED FOR WATER CONTROL REQUIREMENTS AND PROJECTION ANALYSIS
RESERVE
NCP PIT
BASE OF
1974
DEPRESSURIZATION
PUMPAGE
TOTAL PUMPAGE
BLOCK
NUMBER
MATRIX
WATER
NEEDED
REQUIRE-
STAGE AND DATE
AND
(Feet)
LEVEL
(Feet)
MENTS
(MGD)
DATE
(met)
(MGD)
4-A1
ONE
(7-1-77)
150
43
107
44
ONE PIT
ONE
July, 1977
4-A2
(7-1-81)
142
47
95
18
44
4-A3
ONE
(7-1-84)
135
48
87
�3
TWO Plms
July, 1981
TWO
4-131
(7-1-81)
160
47
113
36
54
TWO
4-B2
(7-1-84)
142
52
90
14
THREE PITS
THREE
4-C1
(7 -1-84)
155
52
103
25
July, 1984
52
HARSHBARGER and ASSOCIATES
October, 1974

' HARSHSARGER AND ASSOCIATES
28
'
to compute the balanced pumping requirements for the
two pits at the July 1961 positions:
'
NCP No. 1 95(PR) = 1.45 Q2 + 2.52 Q1
'
NCP No. 2 113(PR) = 1.45 Q1 + 2.52 Q2
Where Q1 = NCP No. 1 pumping rate in mgd
Q2 = NCP No. 2 pumping rate in mgd
'
Solving the two equations
'
Q2 = 34.6(35) mgd
1
Q1 = 17.8(18) mgd
J1
1
Pumpage for a single well.
The total estimated pumpage for both NCP Nos. 1 and 2
'
pits is about 54 mgd (Table 2) as additional pumpage is needed
to accommodate a rectangular well field configuration. The
'
drawdown contourswere computed for each pumping center (NCP
'
No. 1 and NCP No. 2) and drawn on two separate overlay sheets.
These two depression cones were superimposed on the 1974 piezo-
'
metric surface map, and by addition, values were obtained for
the composite pumping effects. Contours were then drawn based
'
on these data which comprise the projected piezometric surface
as shown on Figure 6.
'
Lee Creek and South Creek LNCP No. 1 No. 2 and No.
Pumpina Centers
A fourth pumping center comprises an NCP No. 3 open -pit
'
operation, located at the eastern limit of Block 4C, about
8,000 feet north of the initial NCP No. 1 open -pit. The oper-
ation of this pit has been estimated to begin in July 1984
1
or about three years later than the initiation of NCP No. 2.

1 HARSHBARGER AND ASSMATES
29
' It is believed that steady-state hydrologic conditions would
have been established in mine pits Nos. I and 2 by July 1984,
' and that pumping rates would have remained nearly constant.
' Computations were made to estimate the minimum pumping
requirements (Table 2) to achieve depressurization for -dry -
pit operations. The estimated total water requirements for
the operations of the three NCP pits is about 52 mgd. The com-
putations (balanced pumping) were performed in a manner similar
to that described previously. Balanced pumping conditions
' were first made for pits Nos. 2 and 3; then followed with an
adjustment for the mutual effects between NCP No. I pit at
' its July 1984 position and NCP Nos. 2 and 3. The drawdown
contours at the estimated pumping requirements (Table 2)
' were superimposed on the 1974 piezometric map. Values were
thus established for the construction of projected piezometric
' surface contours as shown in Figure 7.

IHARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
30
1
SUMMATION OF WATER CONTROL PROJECTIONS
1
The results of the water control depressurization and pro-
jected piezometric surfaces of the Castle Hayne aquifer for the
several proposed stages of South Creek Mine operations are shown
'
on Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7. The pumpage requirements for the
several stages of proposed development are given in Table 2.
'
The average pumpage for water control needed to maintain a safe
water level for dry -pit operation ranges from 44 mgd for
'
NCP No. 1 (7-1-77) to 54 mgd for NCP Nos. 1 and 2 pits (7-1-81).
The water control for three pits,NCP Nos. 1, 2, and 3,(7-1-84) is
'
52 mgd, as there is a lesser pumpage requirement because the de-
'
pressurization needed (Table 2) is significantly less as the
pit operations move westward. The concurrent operation of
three pits and the July 1984 water requirement is similar to
t
the TGI water pumpage in the early 1970's. This situation
suggests that maximum tonnage extraction rates of matrix via
'
several pits closely situated might be more tenable than long-
term operations from a single pit (low tonnage) operations.
The initial positions for three proposed NCP open pits
(South Creek Mine) are in areas which require the greatest
' pressure relief for matrix excavation. The proposed westward
progress of these mine operations will require ,a lesser magni-
tude of pumpage and induce a lesser fraction of the recharge
water source, west of the Blounts Bay area, for the water con-
trol needed. The establishment of balanced pumping conditions
between the three NCP pit operations and a water -level sur-
veillance monitor -well system would result in the optimum con-
servation of the water source. Preliminary concepts of well
' field design configuration indicate that depressurization -well
lines at 1,300-foot centers would provide effective and
' efficient water control measures (Appendix C).

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
31
REFERENCES CITED
1971, Report on Hydrogeology and effects of pumping from
Castle Hayne aquifer system, Beaufort County, North
Carolina, Prepared for North Carolina Board of Water
and Air Resources, Texas Gulf Sulphur Company and
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation.
1974, Status Report on Groundwater conditions in capacity
use area no. 1, Central Coastal Plain, North Carolina;
North Carolina Department of Natural and Economic
Resources, Groundwater Bulletin No. 21, 142 p.

' APPENDIX A A-1
' E
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MINE DEPR SSURE
' WATER WELLS, NORTH CAROLINA.PHOSPHATE CORPORATION
DRILLING AND CONSTRUCTION
1. Any wells drilled under this specification are also to include
' work as outlined in A.W.W.A. Standard Specification for Deep
Wells No.-A100-58, or as modified herein.
2. North Carolina Phosphate Corporation will establish.reference
' lines, bench marks, and .lgcation of where the holes are to be
' drilled.
' 3. NCPC reserves the option to investigate defect of -the installed
casing after the well is developed and tested. Any detects
' noted will be either cause for rejection by NCPC or correction
by the Contractor.
' 4. The work covered by this Specification consists of the fur-
' nishing�of alb plant, labor, equipment, appliances and materials
and the performing of all operations in connection with the
' drilling, reaming, casing, perforating, cementing, developing,
and testing of water wells, all in accordance with this
' Specification and the applicable drawings, and subject to the
terms, definitions and conditions of the Contract Documents.
5. The borehole shall be drilled by the rotary method in accord-
ance to the following specifications:
a. Drill a 26-inch diameter hole to a depth of approximately
' 20 feet.
b. Install, and cement a 20-foot nominal length j oint ' of sur-
face pipe. This pipe shall have a minimum ID diameter
of 24-inches; a minimum wall thickness of 5/16-inch, and
' after cementing in place, shall extend -approximately
6-inches above land surface.
1
1

' HARSHSARGER AND ASSOCIATES
A--2
c. Drill a 24—inch diameter hole to a depth of approximately
' 160 feet, or 5 feet below top of Castle Hayne limestone.
' d. Install 20—.inch ID new steel casing lap —welded -or
seamless 5/16—inch wall thickness67.80 pounds per foot
' plain end double welded at the site around the eircum—
,ferenoe of each joint. The bottom joint to be equipped
' with a casing shoe on bottom. The casing assembly shall
extend from a minimum of 18 inches above the top of the
surface casing to the depth borehole is drilled.
1 e. A cement grout seal.shall be placed in the bottom of
' the borehole and forced into the annular space between
the outer wall of the hole and the casing which shall
' effectively seal off entrance of water from the Castle
Hayne aquifer into the overlying materials.
' 1. Cement grout shall consist of a mixture of one part
cement to 2Y2 parts mortar sand and not more than
' 6 gallons of water per cubic foot of cement.
2. Cement grout shall be placed in the hole to a mini—
mum depth of 5 feet above bottom of hole. The
casing shall be then driven to provide proper seal.
Additional cement grout shall be placed so that a
minimum of 10 feet will be emplaced under a pressure
' equivalent to hydrostatic head of 160 feet of water.
' f. Drill an 18—inch diameter hole through the cement plug
.and to a depth of 250 feet. The borehole in the limestone
may remain open or uncased.
' 6. During the drilling of the borehole, the Contractor is to take
and preserve one sample at every change in formation, but not
' less than ten feet (101). The samples shall be placed in
sample bags furnished by NCPC and shall be labeled by the Con—
tractor as to depth represented. Also, the Contractor is to
take, maintain, and furnish- a copy of a log of the well,
I

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
A-3
' showing the relative depths of changes in strata and any
other matters pertinent to the work. The Contractor is further
' required.to maintain, and furnish a copy of -an accurate
drilling --time log while drilling the borehole.
' 7. upon the completion of drilling operations, the Contractor
' shall circulate fresh water until no additional mud can be
removed in this manner. The well shall then be cleaned out
' to the bottom of hole with wire scrubbers to remove the mud -
cake from the borehole wall. Continue to circulate fresh water
until no additional mud can be removed. The well shall then
be cleaned out to the bottom.
.8. The Contractor shall have on location at the site, the re-
quired casing at the time of drilling operation.
' 9. Following completion of the work specified, the casing assembly
and borehole shall be tested by the Contractor for plumbness
' and alignment by lowering a twenty-foot,(201) length of pipe,
or a dummy of the same length, into the well. The outside
' diameter of this pipe, or dummy, shall be approximately one-
half inch (y2!l) less than the inside diameter of the casing
installed in the well. Should the pipe, or dummy., fail to'
' move freely throughout the casing, or should the well vary
from the vertical•in excess of two-thirds (2/3) the inside
' diameter of the casing installed in the well per hundred feet
(1001) of depth the Contractor shall, at his own expense,
' correct the plumbness and alignment of the well.

1 B-1
APPENDIX B
1
PUMPING UNIT
1
l.' The pumping unit shall be water lubricated, enclosed line
' shaft, multi -stage vertical turbine type, designed and
manufactured in accordance with the applicable provisions
1 of A.S.A. Specifications B58.1 - 1961.
' 2. The pumping units shall be complete with surface discharge
head assembly, pump bowl assembly, column pipe, and line
shaft assembly -and suction pipe and strainer. The sizes
' and dimensions of component parts, unless otherwise_ specified,
shall be in accordance with pump manufacturer's standard
practice.
' 3. The discharge head assembly shall include a suitable base
of cast iron, or fabricated steel, of adequate strength to
' support the pump column and driver mechanism. The assembly
shall be provided with eyebolts, or lugs, to facilitate
' installing and removal. The discharge outlet shall be of the
above --ground type and shall be flanged to match a 12-inch
' standard flange connection.
4. A tubing tension nut shall be installed in the discharge
' head. assembly to allow tension to be placed on the shaft en-
closing tube. Provision must be made for sealing of the
thread at the tension nut.
1
' 5. The pump bowls shall be cast iron, free of blow holes, sand
holes and other detrimental effects. The bowls shall be
' capable of withstanding a hydrostatic pressure equal to
twice the pressure at rated capacity or 1 Y2 times shutoff
head, whichever is greater. The discharge case shall be
provided with a means of reducing to a -minimum the leakage
' of water into the shaft enclosing tube, and must have by-
pass parts of sufficient area to permit the -escape of water
' that leaks through the seal or bushing.

IHARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
B--2
b. The pump impellers shall be of bronze and shall be of the
' semi -open, or enclosed type. They shall be statically
balanced and shall be securely fastened to the impeller
ishaft with keys, taper bushings, or lock nuts. They shall
be adjustable vertically by means of a nut at the upper end
' of the gear drive mechanism in the discharge head assembly.
' 7. The pump shaft shall be of stainless steel, shall be ground
' and polished, and shall be of suitable size to transmit
loads and to maintain correct alignment without distortion
' or vibration. 'The pump shaft shall be supported by bearings
above and below each impeller and shall be threaded,for
tconnection to the line shaft.
tB. The line shafts shall be ground of carbon steel. The shaft
shall be furnished in interchangeable sections having nominal
' length of 10 feet. The shafts shall be straight and the
butting faces shall be machined square to the axis of the
' shaft. The line shaft shall be coupled with steel couplings,
which shall be designed with a safety factor and shall have
' a left hand thread to tighten during pump operation.
t9. The line shaft bearings shall be replaceable and shall be
' set in metal bearing retainer assemblies, spaced no more
than 5 feet apart. The line shaft shall be finished with
' polished shaft sleeves at each bearing.
10.The column pipe shall be standard weight steel, pipe and shall
be furnished in interchangeable sections -having a nominal
' length of 10 feet. The ends of each section of pipe shall
be faced parallel and threaded for butt connections to ad -
Joining sections by threaded -sleeve couplings.
' ll.The strainer shall be of galvanized steel and shall have a
net inlet area equal to at least three times the suction
' pipe area.

' HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
B-3
t 12.The pumping unit shall be installed in wells which have the
following characteristics and pump operating conditions.
ITEM
DEPRESSURE
'
WELL
ID diameter of casing or borehole,inches
18
'
Depth of 18—inch casing or borehole
250
Depth to water level in feet
40
Rated discharge, gpm.
3500
'
Operating Speed
Maximum, rpm.
1800
Rated , rpm.
1770
Pumping level below ground level, feet
180
Total pumping head above ground, including
'
discharged pipe.frietion, feet
190
Power -required at Gear Head at
'
80 percent bowl efficiency, HP.
160
Column pipe diameter, inches
12
Line shaft diameter, inches
2-3/16}+
Column pipe and shaft, feet
210
Suction Pipe and Strainer
Diameter, inches
12
Length, feet
10
Galvanized steel pipe for water level
'
measurements
Diameter, inches
3/4"
'
Length, feet.
220
Electric motor, starter, 3--phase
'
60 cycle, 440 volt, HP.
200
Discharge Head and Assembly, 25AC12
'
Pump 'Bowl Assembly, Layne & Bowler 16KHL, or
equivalent, 15-3/8 inches D.D. bowls,
two stages (See curve No. PC 1660, Figure
1)
'
Dresser coupling, diameter in inches
12
'
Discharge pipe assembly per specifications

1 HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
B-4
13.The discharge pipe assembly shall consist of
the following
components:
'
a. One reducer cone; 12-inch flange end to 16-inch
plain end to be welded to 16--inch Slow
tube.
'
AWWA C 208-59 specifications;
b. Five feet of 16-inch pipe, beveled for
welding at both
'
ends;
c. One 16-inch Sparling Low Pressure Line
meter installed
'
in 4-toot flow tube, beveled for welding
at both ends,
to be furnished by owner and installed
by pump con-
'
tractor;
d. Five feet` of 16-inch pipe;
te.
Two pipe saddle supports constructed of
concrete,
'
brick or block to support the discharge
pipe assembly
in a rigid horizontal position.
' 14.The pump test contractor shall install, when the pumping
unit is installed, a three --quarter inch steel galvanized
pipe for measurement of water levels during pumping operations.
' The pipe shall be attached to the pump column by means of the
pump bowls. The pipe shall be open at the bottom and free
' of any interior obstructions from top to bottom.
' 15.The bidder shall submit, with his proposal, two copies of
sufficient descriptive material, or outline drawings, to
' demonstrate compliance with these specifications, and shall
include performance curves showing pump total head, pump
input horsepower, and pump efficiency over the specified
head range..
1

C-1
1 APPENDIX C
' PRELIMINARY WELL FIELD DESIGN AND PLAN
tFOR DRY OPEN -PIT WATER CONTROL
A preliminary well field design was prepared to accom-
modate a dry open -pit mine having dimensions of 3,900 feet in
length, parallel to the general north -south strike, and about
' 250 feet in width. A well location plan has been designed to
maintain the Castle Hayne water level below the base of the
' matrix in the open -cut trench (120 x 3900 feet) and a similar
area beneath the "spoil pile" embankment adjacent to the matrix
' trench to maintain stability. Thus, the total area which re-
quires maximum water level control would have a length of
3,900 feet and a width of about 250 feet.
' A preliminary well field plan is shown on Figure C -1
' which has been designed to provide effective and efficient water
control for the open -pit operation. Two lines of wells are
' located along the ends of the open -pit, the wells are to be
spaced at 480-foot intervals. Two lines of wells are located
' 1,300 feet inward from the two well lines along the ends of
the open -pit and the wells are to be spaced at 360-foot in-
tervals (three matrix open -cut widths) on the west side of the
open -cut. These central wells, west of the open -pit, will be
' abandoned as the pit progresses westward; but they will pro-
vide optimum control needed during the 3,900-foot matrix open -
cut operations. The array of wells, as shown in Figure C-1,
comprises a standard well field for water control operations.

jm � m M M� so! M� M M M M M M M M M M M M
WEST
1300' T
110
LEGEND
• Pumping Well
0 Standby Well
1300'
0
Z MATRIX TRENCH
nw r.rr - r
SPOIL PILE SLOPE
S P O I L
Harshbarger and Associates
October, 1974
M A T E R I A L S
3900'
400 8E lyO _ -1600 FEET
FIGURE C-1.--PRELIMINARY WELL FIELD PLAN
FOR DRY OPEN -PIT WATER CONTROL
M-9
c�
i
to

HARSHBARGER AND ASSOCIATES
C-3
1
' It is estimated that the yield from each well would range
from 3,000 to 3,500 gpm. The actual pumping rate would be
determined during operations as to magnitude of pressure
relief needed at a particular time and location for optimum
' water level control.' A minimum of 10 wells is needed for
standard operation, but as many as 12 wells may have to be in
' operation at times at variable pumping rates, as compared to
the average rate.
1
A preliminary drawdown-interference analysis indicates
tthat the desired pressure relief could be obtained with the
well field plan shown on Figure C-1.
1
' After the NCP No. 1 pit reaches the July 1981 and July
1984 positions, it would be tenable to have only one line of
' wells between the two end well lines of the pit. The lesser
pumpage required at these positions will accommodate this
' revised water control measure (Table 2). A similar condition
would also occur for MCP No. 2 pit after it reaches its
' July 1984 position; as a lesser amount of pumpage would be
required when NCP No. 3 pit is placed into operation in
' July 1984. Thus, as the pits advance westward, a lesser
magnitude of pressure relief is required and the multiple
' interference by pumping from several pits reduces the neces-
sity of lines of wells spaced at 1,300-foot intervals.
1

•
n
NcPc C)
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY

C
•
REGIONAL
LOCATION
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation (NCPC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Agrico Chemical
Company, controls a major phosphate ore reserve near the town of Aurora in Eastern North Carolina.
The properties are adjacent to the Pamlico River and have direct waterway access to the Atlantic
seaport of Morehead City, a state owned and operated port. The location is accessible by the Norfolk
and Southern Railroad, Seaboard Coast Line Railroad, and several state highways, The company is in
the construction phase of a mine and processing facility which will produce 3.7 million tons per year of
calcined phosphate rock for the world export markets. is

NCPCC)
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY
FORT
OPERATIONS
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation (NCPC), a wholly owned
subsidiary of Agrico Chemical Company, controls a major
phosphate ore reserve near the town of Aurora in Eastern North
Carolina. The company is in the construction phase of a mine
and processing facility which will produce 3.7 million tons per
year of calcined phosphate rock for the world export markets.
This brochure describes the company's port operation.

J
41.
hopper an
From the hopper in the unloader building, a
When product stored in the silos is to be
inutes, for an
series of 42-inch conveyors (8) will transport
loaded onto a ship, it will flow through gates
;0 tonslhour.
product to the storage silos which are gravity
onto 48-inch conveyors in tunnels beneath
loaded from above. Sixteen silos (9) in two
the silos. Each conveyor will transfer 1500
will be replaced
rows of eight will provide 190,000 tons of live
tons/hour for a total capacity rate of 3000
.�ompleteiy out of
storage. Material will be transferred to the
tons/hour, A short section of new conveyor
rea and be ready
silos by shifting the north or south shuttle con-
(10) will move the NCPC product to the
which will take it
veyors which run along the top of the silos
present shipioading conveyor (11) for
There it will be
and by controlling the direction of the transfer
transport to the existing Krupp/Ardett
I for the return
belt located in between the two shuttle
travelling railmounted shiploader designed
conveyors.
for 3000 tons (2723 metric tons) per hour
capacity with calcined rock.

PORT TODAY
BARGING
AND
THE PORT
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation's
(NCPC) final calcined product will be
transported by conveyor from the plant to a
70,000 short ton (64,000 metric ton) silo
storage area and from there to barge loading
facilities. It will be transported by barge
through the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway
(AIWW) to the State port at Morehead City, a
distance of 71 miles. The barging operation
will require a fleet of 10 barges, 2 line haul
tugs and a spotter tug. Each barge will be 250
feet long by 52 feet wide and carry 2500 tons
of product. All barges will operate fully
covered with fiberglass covers, Two line haul
tugs of 2400 horsepower each, approx-
imately 110 feet long, will be operated
between the mine and the port terminal. The
smaller spotter tug will work at the port. The
tug and barge operation from pick up at the
plant to delivery of individual barges to the
dock at the port will be contracted by NCPC
to an experienced barge towing operator with
a fleet built for, and dedicated exclusively to,
the NCPC operation,
An artist's rendering of the present State port
area with NCPC's proposed new facilities in-
cluded is provided here. The line haul tugs
from the mine on South Creek will drop load-
ed barges at a marshalling area (1, but not
pictured) and pick up empties for return. A
spotter tug (2) will break the tows apart and
transport barges one at a time to the
unloading dock (3).
Arriving at the dock, a barge will be con-
nected to a barge puller which runs the length
of the dock. The newly arrived barge will be
pulled into the hatch handling bay (4). An
overhead hoisting system (5) will remove all
the barge hatch covers at one time. The bay
will be 240 feet long by 70 feet wide and 60
feet high (+67 feet MLW). The uncovered
barge will be pulled into the enclosed
unloader building (6) where actual unloading
of the phosphate will occur. This building will
be 45 feet long, 114 feet wide and 85 feet high
above Mean Low Water (feet MLW). Inside
this building, a clamshell bucket (7) will
unload the barge as it is pulled slowly through
the building. The clamshell bucket is of 20
cubic -yard capacity and will cycle between
1111{IfI�IJ FiIII EMI
the barge and the unloadij
average of once ever 1.25
average unloading rate of
Once unloaded, the hatches
and the barge will be pulled
the building to the mooring
for pick up by the spotter tug
back to the marshalling area
joined to another empty bar
trip to the mine/plant.

•
0
NCPC(
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY

NCPC(:
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY
THE PHOSPHATE
DEPOSIT
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation's phosphate deposit occurs in the
phosphate rich Aurora Basin in sediments of the Pungo River Formation of middle
Miocene age (12 to 16 million years ago). Although the Pungo River Formation lies
under many square miles of Coastal North Carolina, the present principal economic
deposits are found in the Basin within ten miles of the town of Aurora.
The Aurora Basin formed one of several major marine phosphogenic depositional
embayments along the East Coast from Virginia to Florida during the middle
Miocene. Over a period of one or two million years phosphatic sands, clays and
limestones were deposited in these embayments which were then shallow ocean
basins. The deposits in these basins were later covered by sediments, NCPC's
deposits were buried deep and have remained relatively undisturbed by
weathering. As a result, the NCPC reserves are predictable in composition and
distribution. The deposits in similar basins now being mined in Central Florida were
not buried as deep as NCPC's and have been exposed to the effects of weathering.
They have been winnowed, reworked, and leached after original deposition to
produce the highly variable deposits found in Central Florida.
The phosphate deposited in the Aurora Basin occurs in distinct units pictured inside
in a generalized geologic section through the mine pit. The Pungo River Formation
contains four of the phosphatic units (not all visible in picture), three of which make
up the expected NCPC ore zone. The Pungo River phosphate ore averages more
than 40 feet (12.2 meters) in thickness and is generally composed of silty
phosphatic sands containing minor limestone units. The overlying Yorktown
Formation contains an additional single phosphate unit which is not included in the
reserve summary. This unit is being evaluated for resource potential.

THE NCPC
DEPOSIT
GEOLOGICAL GEOLOGIC
DEPTH COMPOSITION FORMATION PERIOD
- 10 WEATHERED ZONE POST CROATAN RECENT
SAND, SILT & CLAY
0
10
pztl
30 SHELL BED CROATAN PLEISTOCENE
2 MILLION YEARS
40 CEMENTED CLAYEY SAND AGO TO RECENT)
50
60 FOSSILIFEROUS YORKTOWN PLIOCENE
SANDY CLAY (4-6 MILLION YEARS AGO)
70
80 PHOSPHATIC CLAYEY
SAN D
90 SHELLY DOLOMITE
(COQUINA BED)
SHELLY PHOSPHATIC
100 SAND
11
120 ORE ZONE PUNGO RIVER MIOCENE
(12-16 MILLION
130 YEARS AGO)
140 DOLOMITIC ZONE
PHOSPHATIC SANDY CLAY
150 (LEAN ORE)
HARD SANDY LIMESTONE
160 (AQUIFER) CASTLE HAYNE EOCENE
(AQUIFER) (GREATER THAN 20
170 MILLION YEARS AGO)
1
1
200

71;
777,
Ilk
X-..,
woo
owl
oo�
0-0
j,
1000 .

NCPC
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY

0
NCPC(D
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY
MONTHS
MINE
MINE OPENING
BWE SYSTEM STRIP
MATRIX BWE SYSTEM
SITEWORK
BENEFICIATION PLANT
CALCINER PLANT
ENGINEERING
PROCUREMENT
CONSTRUCTION
•
SOUTH CREEK MINE CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
BID
LANT
10 11 12
SHIP
13 14 15
16 17 18
EREC
19 20 21
ION
22 23 24
F
25 26 27
28 29 30
8
31 32 33
E - 2!
34 35 36
SCHE
37 38 39
ULE
A0 41 42
43 44 45
!L 8� BW
46 47 48
R
SHIP
ERECTION
PAVING
ITEWO
K
ETE, 8
DVAN
BID
ED
EVAL
PILING,
CON
MCC
DETAI
ED
PILING
I st C
2nd C
INVE
3rd C
LCIN
ALCIN
TOR
kLCINER
R STA
ER START
COM
ST
RT
LETS
RT
49 50 51 152 53 54 1 55 56 57 158 59 60
a

0
0

•
n
LJ
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation's primary reserves lie ap-
proximately 110 feet under a peninsular of land just North of Aurora,
N. C. The area is bordered on the north by the Pamlico River and on
the south by South Creek. NCPC has cleared, ditched, drained, and
prepared more than 700 acres of land. Pit opening will be initiated
with bucketwheel excavators. The 68-cubic yard Marion dragline
pictured is erected and on site. It is one of two larger draglines
which will remove overburden and mine ore. The plant site area
in the distance on the right has been raised above flood
elevations and is ready for construction.
PIT OPENING
NCPC(D
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY
0 PROGRESS PHOTOS

0
PLANT SITE The plant site will be located on South Creek
and cover approximately 160 acres, It will con-
tain the beneficiation and calcination facilities as
well as associated storage areas, laboratories,
and load -out facilities including the inland
barge slip now in place. Rail facilities are
installed.
BARGE SLIP •
NCPC's barge slip, 250 feet wide by
1800 feet in length, was dredged in
the late 1970's along with a barge
channel in South Creek leading to
the Pamlico River, the Atlantic In-
tracoastal Waterway, and the State
Port of Morehead City. At the time of
this photo, sheet steel piling, dock
areas, and dolphin structures were
under construction, The slip pro-
vides maximum flexibility for both
receipt of materials and barge ship-
ment of calcine product.
SERVICE AREAS
Service facility buildings are being
constructed. This office center will
provide attractive working areas for
maintenance and warehouse per-
sonnel. NCPC's 56,000 square foot
warehouse and maintenance
building, located behind this office
area, will house and integrate one of
the most advanced computer based
maintenance and supply systems in
the industry.

UTILITIES
• Major utilities for the mine and plant are being
installed. Power will be supplied by Carolina
Power and Light Company. Primary service
will be through a 230 kv line which services
the primary substation. Power distribution for
the mine will be at 23 kv and plant distribution
at 12:47 kv from this substation.
LEADERSHIP TEAM
The company has assembled an experi-
enced and innovative core team to oversee
development of mine and plant engineering
and design. Those pictured here are part of
that team. They have been able to take max-
imum advantage of an extended construction
schedule to think through and refine each
part of a complex, integrated phosphate pro-
duction and shipping system.
49
CLAY POND
A 1300-acre clay settling area has been diked
to provide the required initial "out of pit"
storage for the fine clay waste generated in
beneficiation. This site, five miles from the
plant, will store clay wastes from the first six
years of production. After this period, there
will be sufficient room in the mined out area
to use these clays in reclamation of the
mine area.
SAND TAILINGS
Sand is the second solid waste product
from the beneficiation process. It will be
stored for the first 2 years of production in
this 130-acre impoundment just east of the
plant facilities on South Creek. Sand will be
returned to the mined out pit and used in
reclamation after the first two years of pro-
duction. Both clay and sand tailings areas
will be reclaimed after their useful lives.

NCPC and the ENVIRONMENT �
...A LEADER
MAN-MADE WETLANDS
From the beginning, NCPC recognized the need to incorporate environmental concerns into design
and operation. Working openly and cooperatively with the public and regulatory agencies, the com-
pany has developed a project which will evolve in an environmentally responsible manner in an en-
vironmentally sensitive estuarine area. One of the company's most forward thinking programs is pic-
tured here. This 12-acre site is one of two man-made open water/wetland systems the company has
invested more than a million dollars in creating on South Creek. Intensive research in these areas by
regional university research teams are documenting the value of these man-made wetlands. Early
results support that these areas will soon become equivalent to natural systems in terms of their key
functions including water quality, plant and animal productivity and habitat value. Research on these
and similar areas to be created in the pit as part of reclamation will be an ongoing part of operations
for years to come. With this kind of effort, NCPC expects to get permission to mine in areas not other- is
wise permittable and yet still maintain and perhaps enhance one of the areas most important
resources, its natural beauty and productivity.

0
0
0
NCP C C)
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY
MINING
OPERATIONS

MINING •
A bucketwheel excavatorldragline open -cast mining system was selected by North Carolina
Phosphate Corporation as the most suitable to mine the deposit.
With reference to the numbers on the artist's rendering of the pit, two bucketwheel excavators (1) will
lead the operation removing about 50 feet (15 meters) of overburden. The excavators have a
combined capability of 18 million bank cubic yards per year (14 million cubic meters). The overburden
will be transferred to shiftable conveyors (2) by mobile transfer conveyors (3) and carried to a
spreader (4). The spreader will deposit the material on the spoil dumps (5) created by draglines
working on the bench created by the bucketwheels.
Two draglines (6) with 68 cubic yard and 50 cubic yard buckets (52 and 38 cubic meters) will operate
on a bench elevation of 60 feet (18 meters) above the top of the matrix. The overburden removed by
these draglines is cast into the mined -out area. The matrix is then excavated and cast in a windrow (7)
on the dragline bench.
The matrix windrow will be reclaimed by two bucketwheel excavators (8) supported by two mobile
transfer conveyors discharging the matrix into two self propelled portable sumps (9), The matrix will
be slurried in the sumps and pumped to the beneficiation plant.
Depressurization of the Castle Hayne artesian aquifer, the top of which is approximately 15 feet (4.6
meters) below the bottom of the mining pit, will be necessary to prevent water from leaking into the
active mining pit. This will be accomplished by pumping from a series of deep wells (10) located
around the periphery of the pit. Part of the water pumped from these deep wells will be used to slurry
the matrix and the balance will flow in ditches to the plant for use in the beneficiation process. •
RECLAMATION
Reclamation of the mined -out areas with sand and clay tailings will be the final cycle of the mining
operation. All reclamation activities will meet the governing reclamation regulations as required by
NCPC's mining permit and will follow good mining practice.
The overburden spoil pile created when opening the initial mining pit will be reclaimed during the first
year of operation by proper slope grading. The grading operation will be followed by mulching,
seeding, and fertilization to produce a stable cover crop. Similarly, waste containment dikes will be
mulched, seeded and fertilized as they are constructed.
Initially, sand tailings and clay tailings will be stored in separate disposal areas remote from the mine
and these areas will be reclaimed separately. After the first one and one-half years of operation, sand
tailings will be disposed of in the mined -out area. Clay wastes will be disposed of on mined -out lands
at the end of the five to six year life of the initial clay tailings retention pond.
0

NCP C
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY
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BUCKETWHEELS
NCPC will use two bucketwheel excavators with a combined capacity
to move 18 million bank cubic yards per year to remove the initial 50
feet of overburden and prepare a working bench for the efficient
operation of the more traditional large capacity draglines. Two more
bucketwheels will be used to reclaim the ore windrowed on the bench
by the largest dragline.
DRAGLINE
Two draglines will be used in the NCPC pit. The machine pictured is
the larger 68 cubic yard Marion 8200 already erected and on site. A
massive machine, the boom on this dragline is longer than a football
field. It weighs in at 8,300,000 pounds and in conjunction with the
smaller 50 cubic yard machine will move 31 million bank cubic yards
annually.

•
0
PROCESSING FACILITIES
NCPC
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY
PLANT
PROCESS

BENEFICIATION
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation's beneficiation plant will receive phosphate ore from the mine
in a slurry that is 65 percent water and 35 percent ore. The ore is composed of sands, clays,
limestones, organics and fossils. Phosphate is associated with each of these constituents but the sand
fraction contains 90 percent of the recoverable product. The plant's job is to separate the product
from the unwanted constituents. It does so first by mechanically washing and screening (1) the slurry
to reject oversize fossils and limestones. In feed preparation, the fine clays are then mechanically
removed in cyclones (2). The sands and phosphate must then be separated chemically in flotation.
The phosphatic sands are subjected to rougher flotation (3) and a second amine cleaner (4) flotation
step to make a wet phosphate rock concentrate (5). Provisions will be included to bypass the cleaner
flotation step to provide single flotation product if desired. After flotation, the concentrate will be
conveyed to a wet rock storage pile (6) until needed for calcination.
The sand (7) and clay (8) waste streams leaving the beneficiation plant will be pumped through
separate systems to disposal areas for reclamation. Reclaimed water from the sand tailings disposal
area will be pumped back to the mine and plant water systems. Decant water from the initial clay
disposal area will be discharged into the Pamlico River,
CALCINATION
The concentrate product at the wet rock storage pile will be reclaimed by a conveyor located in a
tunnel beneath the pile which will feed the calciners (9). The calcination process will further upgrade
the flotation concentrate by thermal removal of organic carbon, inorganic carbonates, and chemically
bound water. The removal of these impurities will result in an increase in final product grade with a
corresponding seven percent loss of weight on a dry basis.
The calcination process developed by NCPC uses a two -stage, circulating fluid bed (CFB), coal fired
system designed and supplied by Lurgi. The equipment is arranged in three parallel operating trains,
each train designed to produce 4000 short tons of phosphate rock per day. Each train consists of
three sections:
• Preheating System: The wet feed material is preheated by hot waste gases from the two
calcination stages and the free moisture is evaporated.
• Calcination Section: The preheated material is calcined in two stages at different
temperatures (11750F and 1310°F) by two CFB systems arranged in series.
• Cooling Section: The product is cooled by a fluid bed cooler, utilizing the heat to preheat
combustion air and to heat process water.
A conveyor belt will receive calcined product from the calciners and deliver the material to silos for
storage. The calciners will be equipped with scrubbers for removal of particulates and SO2 from the
caiciner flue gases.
The calciners will produce 3.7 million dry short tons (3.4 million dry metric tons) of calcined phosphate
rock per year.
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FACILITIES
PLAN
NCPC will construct its mine and processing plant on a peninsular of land bounded by the Pamlico
River and South Creek just above the town of Aurora, North Carolina. The mine will open one mile
north of the town and proceed northeast for approximately 12 years before reversing direction to mine
southwest and eventually south past the town. The plant site, administration building, initial sand and
clay waste disposal areas, initial mine block, and barge channel are shown here. Numbers 1-20 refer
to mining years. Texasgulf, Inc, has operated a phosphate mine and fertilizer manufacturing facility
immediately north of the NCPC facilities since 1965.

0
NCPC(D
AN AGRICO MINING COMPANY

417-A BROAD STREET
P.O. BOX 3496
NEW BERN, NORTH CAROLINA 295W
ROBERT M. CHILES, P.E.
ENGINEERS. CONSULTANTS
6
MARINE SURVEYORS
BUSINESS: 9l9.637-4702
NIGHTS 919.638-2346
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MAY 21 1990
1
LAND QUALITY SECTION
WASHINGTON REGIONAL OFFICE
EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL PLAN
FOR
TEXASGULF CHEMICALS CO.
FARM LAND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
BLOCKS A, B & C RECEIVED
MAY z 5 1990
LAIM n'14r. rTY SECTIO
N
.FOB NO: 90088
PREPARED BY:
ROBERT M. CHILES, F.E.
May 19, 1990
MECHANICAL. CIVIL. AND MARINE ENGINEERING MARINE HYDROGRAPHIC AND LAND SURVEYS
COMMERCIAL, INDUSTMAL, MARINE AND RAILROAD FACILITIES DESIGN
FORENSIC ENGINEERING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS BOUNDARY SURVEYS AND MAPPING SERVICE

1
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1
' INDEX
I. NARRATIVE
' 2. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
3. MAINTENANCE PLAN
' 4. VICINITY MAP
5. SITE TOPO MAPS
' 6. SITE DEVELOPMENT PLANS
7. EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES PLANS
' S. CALCULATIONS & DETAILS
BLOCK A
BLOCK B
tBLOCK C
9. CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
' 10. VEGETATIVE PLAN
11. SOIL MAP
' 12. WATER SHED MAP
13. APPENDIX
t 14. FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FORM
15. CHECK LIST

I

NARRATIVE
1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
' The purpose of this project is to clear approximately 400 acres
of Texasgulf Chemicals Company woodlands property in Richlands Township,
Beaufort County, North Carolina, and prepare the site for agricultural
crops. The areas on the site have been divided into Block A (60± acres),
' Block B (160$ acres) and Block C (175± acres). This division is for
descriptive and design purposes only and does not pertain to any later
seperation of the site into parcels.
The site is located adjacent to and along the southern and western
boundaries of current phosphate mining operations and is also bounded
' on the South by N.C.S.R. 1942 and on the West by N.C.S.R. 1946. (Also
see the vicinity map.)
No new road construction is currently planned for the site other
than that necessary for farming equipment and no structures are proposed
for the site.
' The entire site is under control of the owner and no easements
to the property are involved in the project.
SITE DESCRIPTION
The site is flat with Block C containing almost 0.% slope throughout
and Block A and B consisting of slopes less than 0.5% except adjacent
to the Porter Creek Canal where some approximate 3% slopes occur. Minor
erosion has occurred at the outfall from the field ditches in Block A
and from the lead ditch from Block B. The field ditches have been excavated
at 170 foot spacing through the site to facilitate agricultural operations
and local cropland drainage.
ADJACENT PROPERTY
The lands to the Northeast of the site are industrial with open
pit mining operations currently in progress. No drainage offsite from
these operations will enter the site discussed herein.
The lands upland from Blocks A and B principally consist of timberland
and agricultural cropland. This area has been ditched and drained and
approximately 50% of the Porter Creek water shed is upstream of the drainage
discharge from Blocks A and B. Likewise the lands upland from Block
C are similar use 'and consist of again approximately 50% of the Whitehurst
Creek watershed.

I

SOILS
The soils throughout the project are mixed, but consist in general
of fine, sandy loam material. The subsoils vary and include some sandy
clays. (See the soil map for specifics.)
SCOPE OF THE WORK
BLOCK A
1. Protect the Porter Creek Canal with silt fence.
2. Construct four (4) sediment basins to connect to the seven (7)
field ditches.
3. Install rock check dams in field ditches where slope velocity
of run requires.
4. Slope field ditch sides to 2:1 and create five (5) foot wide
vegetated buffer along each side.
5. Create vegetated buffer along both sides of Porter Creek Canal.
BLOCK B
1. Protect the Porter Creek Canal with silt fence.
2. Construct one (1) sediment basin to connect to lead ditch from
field ditches.
3. Install rock check dams in field ditches where slope velocity
of runoff requires.
4. Slope field ditches sides to 2:1 and create a five (5) foot
wide vegetated buffer along each side.
5. Slope road ditch bank along fields to 2:1 and create a five (5)
foot wide buffer along top of slope.
6. Create vegetated buffer along both sides of Porter Creek Canal.
BLOCK C
1. Construct one (1) sediment basin along side the existing drainage
canal leading to Whitehurst Creek. Divert the canal flow into
the basin pool.
2. Install rock check dams in field ditches where slope velocity
of runoff requires.

11
I

SCOPE OF THE WORK, CONT.
3. Slope field ditch sides to 2:1 and create a five (5) foot
wide vegetated buffer along each side.
4. Slope road ditch banks along fields to 2:1 and create a five
(5) foot wide buffer along the top of the slope.
PLANNED EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION PRACTICES
1. SEDIMENT BASINS - 6.61
Block A -- A series of four (4) sediment basins will be constructed
at the outlets of the field ditches (2 ditches per basin)
with discharge to Porter Creek.
Block B - A sediment basin will be constructed at the outlet of the
lead ditch from the field ditches with discharge to Porter
Creek.
Block C - A sediment basin will be constructed in the run of the
existing drainage canal with discharge back into the canal
to discharge later into Whitehurst Creek.
2. CHECK DAMS - 6.83
Block A - Temporary rock check dams have been placed at the field
ditch discharge outlets at the Porter Creek Canal.
Block B - Temporary rock check dams have been placed in the lead
ditch from the field ditches with discharge at the Porter
Creek Canal. Also a rock check dam has been placed in
the N.C.S.R. 1946 East side road ditch just before this
ditch discharges into the Porter Creek Canal.
3. LAND GRADING - 6.02
No changes of grade are to be made within the developed fields with
the exception of the excavation and construction of the sediment
basins. The back slopes of all field ditches and road ditches adjacent
to the project will be cut to 2:1 minimum slope and a 5 foot vegetated
buffer strip developed along the outside slopes of all ditches.
4. OUTLET STABILIZATION - 6.41
A riprap apron will be located at the outlet for each discharge culvert
from the sediment basins.

I
I
1
1

CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
1. Obtain plan approval and other applicable permits.
2. Survey and mark grades, construction limits and locations for sediment
basins and outlet structures.
3. Hold preconstruction conference at least one week prior to starting
the work.
G. Install silt fencing at each work site.
5. Install sediment basins as the first construction activity.
6. Install field ditch outlet connections and other structures.
7. Finish slopes and vegetation planting around retention basins and
buffer strips along main canals.
8. Back slope field ditches and plant buffer strips.
9. All erosion and sedimentation control practices shall be inspected
weekly and after each rainfall event. Needed repairs shall be taken
immediately.
10. Estimated time before final stabilization is nine (9) months.

I
1
11

' MAINTENANCE PLAN
1. All erosion and sediment control practices shall be checked for stability
' and operation following every runoff producing rainfall and in no
case less than once every week during construction.
' 2. Upon completion of the work, the owner shall inspect the site following
every runoff producing rainfall and shall maintain a written log
of each inspection. Any needed repairs will be made immediately
' to maintain all practices as designed.
3. Each sediment basin in Block A and Block B will be cleaned out when
the level of sediment reaches 2 feet below the top of the riser.
' Gravel will be cleaned or replaced when the sediment basin no longer
drains properly.
' 4. The Block C sediment basin shall be inspected and sediment build
up measured by sounding the pond on a yearly basis. When the sediment
buildup reaches the level of the entering ditch bottom, the channel
will be diverted to the previous canal, the basin cleaned out and
' restored to as designed condition.
5. Sediment will be removed from behind fencing when it becomes 0.5
' feet deep behind the fence.
6. All seeded areas will be maintained such to sustain vegetation.
Any bare areas will be replanted as necessary.
1
FOR TEKASGULF CHEMICALS
' SIGNE D TE
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SEDIMENTATION a EROSION CONTROL PLAN
FOR
FARMLAND DEVELOPMENT FOR
PROJECT
TEXASGULF CHEMICALS Co.
PHOSPHATE OPERATIONS LEE CREEK MINE • AURORA, NORTH CAROLINA
DATE w 9d
J09 NO. &n g ROBERT M. CHILES, P E .
SCALE _CLSoo0i ENGINEERS AND CONSULTANTS
N I T Y MAP owc� ,s4T of NEW KERN , NORTH CAROL! rya

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Engineers & Consultants
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Engineers & Consultants
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CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
1 BLOCK A & B
1. Prior to resumption of work on the site the following work must be
completed.
A. Install silt fencing along both the east and west sides of
Porter Creek Canal.
2. Use the sediment basins as source of fill material for the berm
construction. Material shall be free of roots and woody material.
Strip topsoil from berm location, scarify foundation and place
fill in 6" lifts over entire length of berm. Verify that material
compactions equals 95% by Standard Proctor Test.
3. Install perforated CMP Riser at approximately 10 feet from the
base of the outlet berm.
4. Install riser pipe outlet pipe complete with anti -seep collar
and assure that pipe joints are water tight. Install rip -rap
outlet protection at the end of the pipe.
NOTE: Do not direct field ditch flow to sediment basin until
berm is stabilized and outfall complete.
5. Anchor riser with 3000 psi concrete pad sized as shown on the
drawing.
6. Grade and seed inside slopes of sediment basin, emergency spillway
and all disturbed adjacent soil as described in the vegetation
plan.
7. Install field ditch outlet pipes to connect to sediment basins
as shown on the plans. Install outlet protection at all pipe
outlets.
S. Complete seeding of buffer strip along Porter Creek Canal. Buffer
shall be minimum of 25 feet wide and shall extend from existing
vegetation along canal bank away from the canal and along both
sides.
' 9. Field ditches shall be modified to have a minimum 2:1 side slope
throughout the site and along existing roadway where the fields adjoin
the roadway. Each field ditch shall have a 5 foot wide vegetated buffer
strip along each side and measured as 5 feet out from the top of the
slope to the ditch.
10. The exiting rip rap outfalls from the field ditches shall remain in
place and not to be removed or reused.
11. Install rip rap check dams within every field ditch where the invert
elevation of the ditch drops one (1) foot below the invert upstream.
This means that a check dam will be required in two (2) locations within
a ditch where the invert falls 2.5 feet over 400 feet as an example.
These check dams will be field located.

' CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
nr.nrk, r
1. install rip rap check dams at the outfall of each field ditch
and at every location along the field ditches where the invert
elevations drops one (1) foot below the invert upstream. This
' means that a check dam will be required in two (2) locations
within a ditch where the invert falls 2.5 feet over 400 feet
as an example. These check dams will be field located.
' 2. For construction of the sediment basin, it is intended that the
excavation be dry with the downstream outlet structure essentially
in place before opening the basin to the channel flow. The spoil
shall be placed adjacent to the excavation, spread and leveled
and seeded upon completion. To open the basin to the channel,
first the outlet is to excavated and the outlet rip rap completed.
At least 10 days after opening the outlet is to pass before the
intlet to the basin from the existing channel is to be opened.
This is to allow the basin excavation to stabilize.
' 3. The interior bank slopes of the sediment pond are to be seeded
prior to opening the basin for channel flow.
4. Field ditches are to be modified to have a minimum 2:1 side slope
throughout the site and along existing roadway where fields adjoin
the roadway. Each field ditch shall have a 5 foot wide vegetated
' buffer strip along each side and measured as 5 feet out from
the top of the slope to the ditch.

' VEGETATIVE PLAN
PERMANENT SEEDING
' 1. All disturbed areas are to be seeded within 30 working days
after final grade is reached.
2. Seed Mixture - General
' Species Rate(lb/acre)
' Tall Fescue 80
Pensacola Bahigrass 50
Kobe Lespedeza 20
' German Millet 10
Note: The above mixture is best planted in early spring (Feb. 15-
Apr. 30) or fall (Sept. 1 - Oct 31). Should planting be
' necessary in summer months increase rate of German Millet
to 40 lb./acre.
t3. Soil Amendments
Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil tests or 4000 lb/
' acre ground agricultural limestone and 1000 lb/acre 5-10-10 fertilizer.
Do Not apply fertilizer to buffer zone adjacent to main canals.
4. Mulch
Apply 4000-5000 lb/acre grain straw or equivalent cover of another
mulch with asphalt, roving or netting. Use netting on emergency
' spillway slopes at each sediment basin.
5. Maintenance
' (a) Mow no more than once per year.
(b) Re -fertilize in the second year unless growth is fully adequate.
(c) Reseed, fertilize, and mulch damaged areas immediately.

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SOIL MAP

Area
braln499 system
Aeres
A
Durham Creek Complex
24442
B
Porter Creek
2542
C
UMMdrned Trfbulary
33A
0
Huddles Cut
072
E
Huddy Out
480
F
Bond Crook
Y982
SOUTH CREEK COMPLEX
G
Tootey Creek
498
H
Drinkwafer Creek
482
1
Jaaob's Creek
493
J
Jack's Creek
528
K
Whltehursl Crook
2848
L
!!alley Creek
4310
1y
DrooMf 41d Swamp
2518
N
Cyprus Run
258A
0
long Creek
209
P
Short Creek
164
0
Llttle Creek
1953
R
Guru Run
4411
(+,4
Rern. Unnamed Arras
143g
i .
X.;
�c
p 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
Scale
s. ..tip :� r•,,�..
't 5��,��.11'''7 t • tile, rl
mik County
pa
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
TEXASGULF MINE EIS
eeele Date F1,I�ue
3.2.

Practice Standards and Specifications
6.11 EUAV
PS
Definition Controlling runoff and erosion on disturbed areas by establishing perennial
vegetative cover with seed.
Purpose To reduce erosion and decrease sediment yield from disturbed areas, and to per-
manently stabilize such areas in a manner that is economical, adapts to site con-
ditions, and allows selection of the most appropriate plant materials.
Conditions Where Fine -graded areas on which permanent, long-lived vegetative cover is the most
Practice Applies practical Or most effective method of stabilizing the soil. Permanent seeding
may also be used on rough -graded areas that will not be brought to final grade
for a year or more.
Areas to be stabilized with permanent vegetation must be seeded or planted
within 30 working days or 120 calendar days after final grade is reached, unless
temporary stabilization is applied.
Planning Vegetation controls erosion by protecting bare soil surfaces from raindrop im-
Considerations pact and by reducing the velocity and volume of overland flow.
The most common and economical means of stabilizing disturbed soils is by
seeding grasses and legumes. The advantages of seeding over other means of
establishing plants include the smaller initial cost, lower labor input, and greater
flexibility of method. The disadvantages of seeding include:
• potential for erosion during the establishment stage,
• the need to reseed areas that fail to establish,
• seasonal limitations on suitable seeding dates, and
• a need for water and appropriate temperatures during germination and
early growth.
The probability of successful plant establishment can be maximized through
good planning, knowledge of the soil characteristics (Table 6.11 a), selection of
suitable plant materials for the site, good seedbed preparation, adequate liming
and fertilization, and timely planting and maintenance.
SELECTING PLANT MATERIALS
Climate, soils, and topography are the major factors affecting the suitability of
plants for a particular site. All three of these factors vary widely across North
Carolina, with the most significant contrasts occurring among the three major
physiographic regions of the state —Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain
(Figure 6.1 la). .
To simplify plant selection, a Key to Permanent Seeding Mixtures is presented
in Table 6.11 b. To find seeding specifications for a specific site, follow this key
through the different steps —region, slope, soil, and maintenance level —to the
appropriate seeding number. Seeding mixtures recommended here are designed
for general use and are well proven in practical field situations (Tables 6.1 Ic
6.1 Ll

93
Coastal Plain
Upper Middle Lower
Table 6.11 a
Suitability of Soil for Establishment of Low -maintenance Vegetation
Criteria
Suitability
Limiting Factors
Good
Fair
Poor
pH
5.6-7.8
4.5-5.5
<4.5
Too acid; possible
All Mn, Fe toxicity
Available
>10
.05-.10
<.05
Too dry
water capacityl
Texture2
1,sli,si
scl, sicl
sc, sic
Too high in clay
sl
cl
c
Is
s
Too high in sand
Coarse (3-10 in)
<15%
15-35
>35
Lg, stones restrict
fragments 3 (>10 in)
<3%
3.10
>10
tillage; droughty
Depth to
40
20-40
<20
Insufficient
bedrock (in.)
rooting depth
Salinity (mmhos/cm)
8-16
>16
Excess salt
fin./in.
2Sandy clay loam (scl), silty clay loam (sic[), clay loam (cl), sandy loam (st), silt loam (sil), loamy sand (is), sandy
clay (sc), silty clay (sic), clay (c), silt (si), sand (s), and loam (1).
3Percent by weight.
Source: National Soils Handbook, USDA -SOS, 1983.
Mountains Piedmont
I,AI
S.rry lIAII Iwklgkw f•snll hIW
hdu
6WI lllMrpl �,,,,Ir
f.wll
W1dl
MMw �.y.
YI.M�
b b.Ylll (IIrYM
Ijul, llr�
Tidewater
n
Figure 6.11 a Major physiographic regions of North Carolina dilfering in climate, soils and topography.
6.11.2

IPractice Standards and Specifications
' through 6.1 lv). They are designed to produce maximum stabilization and min-
imize the amount of maintenance and repair required.
' Land use is a primary consideration in planning permanent seedings. For this
purpose land use, whether residential, industrial, commercial, or recreational,
' can be divided into two general categories:
• High -maintenance areas are mowed frequently, limed and fertilized
regularly, and either (1) receive intense use (e.g., athletic fields) or (2) re-
quire maintenance to an aesthetic standard (e.g., home lawns). Grasses
used for these situations are long-lived perennials that form a tight sod
and are fine -leaved and attractive in appearance. They must be well -
adapted to the geographic area where they are planted and able to endure
the stress of frequent mowing. Sites where high -maintenance vegetative
cover is desirable include homes, industrial parks, schools, churches, and
recreational areas.
• Low -maintenance areas are mowed infrequently or not at all, and do not
receive lime and fertilizer on a regular basis. Plants must persist with lit-
tle maintenance overlong periods of time. Grass and legume mixtures are
favored for these sites because legumes are a source of soil nitrogen,
Mixed stands are also more resistant to adverse conditions. Sites suitable
for low -maintenance vegetation include steep slopes, stream or channel
banks, some commercial properties, and "utility" turf areas such as road -
banks.
SEEDBED PREPARATION
The soil on a disturbed site must be amended to provide an optimum environ-
ment for seed germination and seedling growth. The surface soil must be loose
enough for water infiltration and root penetration. The pH (acidity or alkalinity)
of the soil must be such that it is not toxic and nutrients are available -prefera-
bly between 6.0 and 6.5. Sufficient nutrients —added as fertilizer —must be
present.
'
It is as important to add lime as to add fertilizer. Lime is used primarily as a pH,
or acidity, modifier, but it also supplies calcium and magnesium, wh ich are im-
portant plant nutrients. By increasing soil pH it also makes other nutrients more
available to plants. At the same time, it prevents aluminum toxicity by decreas-
'
ing the solubility of soil aluminum. Many soils in North Carolina are high in
aluminum, which stunts plant growth.
'
After seed is in place, it must be protected with a mulch to hold moisture and
modify temperature extremes, while preventing erosion during seedling estab-
lishment.
STEEP SLOPES
The operation of equipment is restricted on slopes steeper than 3:1, severely
limiting the quality of the seedbed that can be prepared. The soil cannot be suf-
ficiently worked, and amendments cannot be thoroughly incorporated.
Provisions for establishment of vegetation on steep slopes can be made during
final grading. In construction of fill slopes, for example, the last 4-6 inches might
be left uncompacted. A loose, rough seedbed is essential. Large clods and stones

provide irregularities that hold seeds and fertilizer. Cut slopes should be rough-
ened (Practice 6.03, Surface Roughening).
iWhere steepness prohibits the use of farm machinery, seeding methods are
limited to broadcast or hydroseeding, with hydroseeding giving the most de-
pendable results. Vegetation chosen for these slopes must not require mowing
or other intensive maintenance. Using a hydraulic seeder, seed, fertilizer, wood
fiber mulch, and a lacking agent can be applied in one operation.
' Good mulching practices are critical to protect against erosion on steep slopes.
When using straw, anchor with netting or asphalt. On slopes steeper than 2:1,
jute, excelsior, or synthetic matting may be required to protect the slope.
t Specifications SEEDBED REQUIREMENTS
UIREMENTS Q
' Establishment of vegetation should notbe attempted on sites that are unsuitable
due to inappropriate soil texture (Table 6.1la), poor drainage, concentrated
overland flow, or steepness of slope until measures have been taken to correct
these problems.
' To maintain a good stand of vegetation, the soil must meet certain minimum re-
quirements as a growth medium. The existing soil should have these criteria:
• Enough fine-grained (silt and clay) material to maintain adequate mois-
ture and nutrient supply (available water capacity of at least .05 inches
water to 1 inch of soil).
• Sufficient pore space to permit root penetration.
Sufficient depth of soil to provide an adequate root zone. The depth to
rock or impermeable layers such as hardpans should be 12 inches or more,
except on slopes steeper than 2:1 where the addition of soil is not feasible.
• A favorable pH range for plant growth, usually 6.0--6.5.
• Freedom from large roots, branches, stones, large clods of earth, or trash
of any kind. Clods and stones may be left on slopes steeper than 3:1 if
they are to be hydroseeded.
If any of the above criteria are not met--i.e., if the existing soil is too coarse,
dense, shallow or acidic to foster vegetation —special amendments are required.
The soil conditioners described below may be beneficial or, preferably, topsoil
may be applied in accordance with Practice 6.04, Topsoiling.
SOIL CONDITIONERS
In order to improve the structure or drainage characteristics of a soil, the fol-
'
lowing materials may be added. These amendments should only be necessary
where soils have limitations that make therm poor for plant growth or for fine
turf establishment (see Chapter 3, Vegetative Considerations).
'
Peat —Appropriate types are sphagnum moss peat, hypnum moss peat, reed -
sedge peat, or peat humus, all from fresh -water sources. Peat should be shredded
'
and conditioned in storage piles for at least 6 months after excavation.
Sand --clean and free of toxic materials.
1

Practice Standards and Specifications
I
Vermiculite —horticultural grade and free of toxic substances.
Rotted manure —stable or cattle manure not containing undue amounts of
straw or other bedding materials.
Thoroughly rotted sawdust —free of stones and debris. Add 6 lb of nitrogen
to each cubic yard.
Sludge —Treated sewage and industrial sludges are available in various forms;
these should be used only in accordance with local, State, and Federal regula-
tions.
SPECIES SELECTION
Use the Key to Permanent Seeding Mixtures (Table 6.1lb) to select the most
appropriate seeding mixture based on the general site and maintenance factors.
A listing of species, including scientific names and characteristics, is given in
Appendix 8.02.
SEEDBED PREPARATION
Install necessary mechanical erosion and sedimentation control practices before
seeding, and complete grading according to the approved plan.
Lime and fertilizer needs should be determined by soil tests. Soil testing is per-
formed free of charge by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture soil test-
ing laboratory. Directions, sample cartons, and information sheets are available
through county Agricultural Extension offices or from NCDA. Because the
NCDA soil testing lab requires 1-6 weeks for sample turn -around, sampling
must be planned well in advance of final grading. Testing is also done by com-
mercial laboratories.
When soil tests are not available, follow rates suggested on the individual
specification sheet for the seeding mix chosen (Tables 6.11c through 6.11v).
Application rates usually fall into the following ranges:
• Ground agricultural limestone:
Light -textured, sandy soils: 1-1 1/2 tons/acre
Heavy -textured, clayey soils: 2-3 tons/acre
Fertilizer:
Grasses: $00-1200lb/acre of 10-10-10 (or the equivalent)
Grass -legume mixtures: 800--12001b/acre of 5-10-10 (or the equivalent)
Apply lime and fertilizer evenly and incorporate into the top 4-6 inches of soil
by disking or other suitable means. Operate machinery on the contour. When
using a hydroseeder, apply lime and fertilizer to a rough, loose surface.
Roughen surfaces according to Practice 6.03, Surface Roughening.
Complete seedbed preparation by breaking up large clods and raking into a
smooth, uniform surface (slopes less than 3:1). Fill in or level depressions that
can collect water. Broadcast seed into a freshly loosened seedbed that has not
been sealed by rainfall.
6.11.5

0
SEEDING
Seeding dates given in the seeding mixture specifications ('Tables 6.1 I c through
6.11v) are designated as "best" or "possible". Seedings properly carried out
within the "best" dates have a high probability of success. It is also possible to
have satisfactory establishment when seeding outside these dates. However, as
you deviate from them, the probability of failure increases rapidly. Seeding on
the last date shown under "possible" may reduce chances of success by 30-50%.
Always take this into account in scheduling land -disturbing activities.
Use certified seed for permanent seeding whenever possible. Certified seed is
inspected by the North Carolina Crop Improvement Association. It meets
published North Carolina Standards and should bear an official "Certified Seed"
label (Figure 6.1 lb).
Figure 6.11b Label displayed on all North
Carolina certified seed.
Seer in Mrs conlainer ■r* Irom a rot or agar which wan
MUErloatl c0 dil.OlMd■Ib MapaCrla M aceorerr. w-th In*
wprlubone bl the"arlh Carp"ro GMQ A"o"I.ar
M is rM Cuu W SaaC shown on lira D� Try proo,xa+ or
rwna Or wnoaa Mm• vnGa c■r1d cc' on n�mnv appaarl 01
Ir. a .W h wiely rNpona-Dla tw eha.nlormano.� nerepn ano
lo. the proper +.+ IN W4 4bel
GROWN IN NORTH CAROLINA
Net M Lbs
Pure aeeCl . i%)
Inert Matter... (%) .
Other Crop (%)
weed Seed (:�?
Gefrnmatson. I9ei -
Hard Seed I%l
Test pate
Nox Weed lb
Lot No
Geri Nc
KmC
Variety
vendor
Labeling of non -certified seed is also required by law. Labels contain important
information on seed purity, germination, and presence of weed seeds. Seed must
meet State standards for content of noxious weeds. Do not accept seed contain-
ing "prohibited" noxious weed seed.
Inoculate legume seed with the Rhizobium bacteria appropriate to the species
of legume (Chapter 3. Vegetative Considerations).
Apply seed uniformly with a cyclone seeder, drop -type spreader, drill, cul-
tipacker seeder, or hydroseeder on a firm, friable seedbed.
6.11.6

Practice Standards and Specifications
tFigure 6.l lc Suggested pattern for
broadcasting seed and fertilizer
(source: NCAES Bulletin AG-69).
When using a drill or cultipacker seeder, plant small grains no more than 1 inch
deep, grasses and legumes no more than 1/2 inch. Equipment should be cali-
brated in the field for the desired seeding rate.
When using broadcast -seeding methods, subdivide the area into workable sec-
tions and determine the amount of seed needed for each section. Apply one-half
the seed while moving back and forth across the area, making a uniform pat-
tern; then apply the second half in the same way, but moving at right angles to
the first pass (Figure 6.11c).
Seeding Pattern
a.
Cover broadcast seed by raking or chain dragging; then firm the surface
with a roller or cultipacker to prmide good seed contact.
Mulch all plantings immediately after seeding (Practice 6.14, Mulching).
HYDRQSEEDING
Surface roughening is particularly important when hydrosecding, as a rough-
ened slope will provide some natural coverage for lime, fertilizer, and seed. The
surface should not be compacted or smooth. Fine seedbed preparation is not
necessary for hydroseeding operations; large clods, stones, and irregularities
provide cavities in which seeds can lodge.
Rate of wood fiber (cellulose) application should be at least 2,000 Iblacre.
Apply legume inoculants at four times the recommended rate when adding in
oculant to a hydroseeder slurry,
If a machinery breakdown of 112 to 2 hours occurs, add 50% more seed to the
tank, based on the proportion of the slurry remaining. This should compensate
for damage to seed. Beyond 2 hours, a full rate of new seed may be necessary.
Lime is not normally applied with a hydraulic seeder because it is abrasive. It
can be blown onto steep slopes in dry form.
6.11.7

0
SPRIGGING
Hybrid Bermudagrass cannot be grown from seed and must be planted vegeta-
Lively. Vegetative methods of establishing common and hybrid Bermudagrass,
centipedegrass, and Bahiagrass include sodding, plugging and sprigging (Chap-
ter 3, Vegetative Considerations). Sprigs are fragments of horizontal stems
' which include at least one node (joint). They are normally sold by the bushel
and can either be broadcast or planted in furrows using a tractor -drawn tobac-
co or vegetable transplanter.
Furrows should be 4-6 inches deep and 2 ft apart. Place sprigs about 2 ft apart
in the row with one end at or above ground level (Figure 6.11 d).
' Flgure E.11d proper placement of grass - --- -
sprigs, Each sprig should have at least one
node (modifiiedfrom NCAESBulMnAG-69). Soil Surface
t
2„
_ — T_ —
nI-.-
aff
Correct Incorrect
' Broadcast sprigs at the specified rate (Tables 6.11r and 6.11s). Press into the
top 1/2-2 inches of soil with a cultipacker or with a disk set nearly straight so
that the sprigs are not brought back to the surface.
IRRIGATION
Moisture is essential for seed germination and seedling establishment. Sup-
plemental irrigation can be very helpful in assuring adequate stands in dry
seasons or to speed development of full cover. It is a requirement for fine turf
establishment and should be used elsewhere when feasible. However, irrigation
is rarely critical for low -maintenance vegetation planted at the appropriate time
of the year.
Water application rates must be carefully controlled to prevent runoff. Inade-
quate or excessive amounts of water can be more harmful than no supplemen-
tal water.
Maintenance Generally, a stand of vegetation cannot be determined to be fully established
until soil cover has been maintained for one full year from planting. Inspect
seeded areas for failure and make necessary repairs and reseedings within the
same season, if possible.
Reseeding —If a stand has inadequate cover, re-evaluate choice of plant mate-
rials and quantities of lime and fertilizer. Re-establish the stand after seedbed
preparation or over -seed the stand. Consider seeding temporary, annual species
if the time of year is not appropriate for permanent seeding (Practice 6.10, Tem-
Iporary Seeding).

Practice Standards and Specifications
tIf vegetation fails to grow, soil be must tested to determine if acidity or nutrient
imbalance is responsible.
' Fertilization —On the typical disturbed site, full establishment usually requires
refer ilization in the second growing season. Fine turf requires annual main-
tenance fertilization (Table 6.12b). Use soil tests if possible or follow the
guidelines given for the specific seeding mixture (Tables 6.1 lc through 6.1 lv).
' References Site Preparation
6.03, Surface Roughening
6.04, Topsoiling
' Surface Stabilization
6.10, Temporary Seeding
6.12, Sodding
' 6.14, Mulching
Appendix
' 8.02, Vegetation Tables
Chapter 3, Vegetative Considerations
USDA Soil Conservation Service
National Soils Handbook
11

3
Table 6.111
Seeding No. 2P for: Gentle
Slopes, Average Soil; Low
Maintenance
i
Seeding mixture
Specles� Rate (Iblacre)
Tall fescue 80
Sericea lespedeza 20
Kobelespedeza 10
Seeding notes
1. After Aug. 15 use unscarified sefiicea seed.
2. Where periodic mowing is planned or a neat appearance is desired, omit
sericea and increase Kobe lespedeza to 40 Iblacre.
3. To extend spring seeding dates Into .tune, add 15 Iblacre hulled Bar-
mudagrass. However, after mid -Apr. it is preferable to seed temporary
cover.
Nurse plants
Between May 1 and Aug. 15, add 10 Iblacre German millet or 15 lb/acre
Sudangrass. Prior to May 1 or after Aug. 15 add 40 Iblacre rye (grain).
Seeding dates
Best Possible
Fall: Aug. 25 - Sept. 15 Aug. 20 - Oct. 25
Late winter: Feb. 15 - Mar. 21 Feb. 1 - Apr. 15
Fall is best for tall fescue and fate winter for lespedezas. Overseeding of
Kobe lespedeza over fall -seeded tail fescue is very effective,
Soil amendments
Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil tests, or apply 4,000 Iblacre
ground agricultural limestone and 1,000 Iblacre 10-10-10 fertilizer.
Mulch
Apply 4,000 blacre grain straw or equivalent cover of another suitable
mulch. Anchor straw by tacking with asphalt, netting, or roving or by crimp-
ing with a mulch anchoring tool. A disk with blades set nearly straight can
be used as a mulch anchoring tool.
Maintenance
Refertilize in the second year unless growth is fully adequate. May be
mowed once or twice a year, but mowing is not necessary. Reseed, fertil-
ize, and mulch damaged areas immediately.
1 Refer to Appendix 8.02 for botanical names.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Symbols for Erosion and S
SITE PREPARATION
6.02
Land Grading
6.03
Surface Roughening
6.04
Topsoiling
.y 6.05
Tree Preservation & Protection
6.06
Temp. Gravel Const. Entr/Exit
SURFACE STABILIZATION
T5 6.10
Temp. Seeding
8 PS 6.11
Perm. Seeding
6.12
Sodding
GC 6.13
Trees, Shrubs, Vines & GC
(�)6.14
Mulching
6.15
RR
Riprap
E
6.16
Veg. Dune Stabilization
ediment Control Practices
RUNOFF CONTROL MEASURES
TD 6.20
Temp. Diversions
D — 6.21
Perm. Diversions
_. P p 6.22
Diversion Dike (Perimeter)
— W B � 6.23
Right -of -Way Diversions
RUNOFF CONVEYANCE
MEASURES
Gl 46.30
Grass -lined Channels
RR 06.31
Riprap-lined Channels
P 4/ Paved Channels
� TSD 1 6.32
Temp. Slope Drains
6.33
Paved Flume (Chutes)
OUTLET PROTECTION
6.40
Level Spreader
no6.41
Outlet Stab. Structure

' Practice Symbols (cont'd.)
INLET PROTECTION
1 ,.1 6.50
1
L Temp. Exc. Drop Inlet Prot.
' 6.51
Temp. Fabric Drop Inlet Prot.
.� i fe
6.52
Temp. Block & Gravel Inlet Prot.
6.53
' Sod Drop Inlet Prot.
' SEDIMENT TRAPS & BARRIERS
6.60
Temp. Sed. Trap
p 6.61
' Sediment Basin
' 6.62
Sediment Fence
' 6.63
Rock Dam
STREAM PROTECTION
T � 6.70
Temp. Stream Crossing
6.71
P Perm. Stream Crossing
6.72
.. Veg. Streambank Stabilization
O— 6.73
Strut. Streambank Stab.
OTHER RELATED PRACTICES
CRs = O Constr. Road Stabilization
- SD _� 6.81
Subsurface Drain
6.82
Grade Stab. Structure
6.83
Check Dam
6.84
DC Dust Control
6.85
Sand Fence (Wind Fence)

01
' FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/Ok'NERSHIP FORM
SEDIMENTATION POLLUTION CONTROL ACT
' No person may initiate any land -disturbing activity on one or more
coLztiguaus acre8 as covered by the Act before this form and an acceptable
erosion and sedimentation control plan have been completed and approved by the
Land quality Section, N. C. Department of Natural Resources and Community
' Development. (Please type or print and, if question is not applicable, place
N/A in the blank.)
' Part A.
1. Project Name Farm Land Development Project -Blocks A, B & C
' 2. I.neation of land -disturbing activity? County Beaufort , City
or Township Richlands , a%d highway/Street SR 1946/1942
' 3. Approximate date land -disturbing activity will be commenced? Sept.89 .
4. Purpose of development (residential, commercial, industrial,
etc:.)? Agricultural
5. Appraacimate acreage of land to be disturbed or uncovered? 4Q0±
' 6. i[as an crow ion and sedimentation control plan been filed?
Yes X No
7. Land owner(s) of Record (Use blank page to list additional
owners
' Texasgulf, Inc,
N sane )
' P. 0. Box 48
Current Mailir_; Address Current Street Ad Yess
' Aurora, N. C. 27806
City State Zip City State 'Gip
' [phone]
Telephone Number Telephone Dumber
8. Attach copy of recorded Deed(s) or other instrument(s) proving ownership.

Part B.
1. Person(s) or firm(s) who are financially responsible for this
land -disturbing activity (Use blank page to list additional persons or
firms.) :
Texasgulf, Inc. I
Name of Person(s) or Firm(s)
P. 0. Box 48
Mailing Address Street Address
Aurora, N. C. 27806
City State Zip City State Zip
[phone]
Telephone Telephone '
2.(a)lf the Financially Responsible Party is a Corporation give name and
street address of the Registered Agent.
C-T_ Coeporallon Sys em _ c/o
Name
v
3101
Ply Road
Mailing
Addr ss
u�hum
t� C J1707
City`
State Zip
(919) ���
(}�Op
elephone
a4)Scrn Grakori,
4 f%e n
Street Address I
ity State Zip
Telephone
I
(b)If the Financially Responsible Party is a Partnership give the name
And street address of each General Partner (Use blen}: page to list '
additional partners.) :
,
Name '
Mailing Address Street Address t
City State Zip City State Zip
Telephone
Telephone
'7

3. The above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief and was provided by me while under oath. (This form must
be signed by the financially responsible person if an individual or
his attorney -in -fact or if not an individual by an officer, director,
partner, or registered agent with authority to execute instruments for
the financially responsible person).
ray 18, 1990 T. J. Regan, Jr.
Date Type or Print Name
tle or AILthorit
1, �tY+e,1�O1iu11,�,� Public of the County of $ve
Stateof North Carolina, hereby certify that rsonally
before me this day and under oath acknowledged that t rm was
executed by him.
Witness my ha d and notarial seal, this �� day of
19_.
Notary
My Commission expires 1 q

State of North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
LAND QUALITY SECTION
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL PLAN CHECKLIST
The following items should be incorporated with respect to specific
site conditions, in an erosion and sedimentation cohlrol plan:
LOCATION INI-MMATION
Project location
Roads, streets
North arrow
_ Scale
Adjoining lakes, streams or other major drainage rays
GLNERAi, SITE FLATURT�,
North arrow
Scale
__-- Property 1 ine%
Legend
Existing contours
Proposed contours
Limit and acreage of disturbed area
Planned exlstlog buildings location and elevations
Planned and existing roads location and elevations
Lot and/or building numbers
Land use of surrounding areas
Rock outcrops
Seeps or springs
wetland limits
Easements
Streams, lakes, ponds, drainage ways, dams
_ Borrow and/or waste areas {Mote - when the person financially
' for the overall project is not the person financially responsible
for off -site borrow arcs mot regulated by the provisions of the
Yining Act of 1971 and off -site waste areas other than land fills
regulated by the Department of Hunan Resources. such areas should
be considered separate land disturbing activities subject to the
Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 197J. Off -site borrow
t ereas are subject to the requirements of the Aining Act of 197)),
Stockpfled topsoil or subsoil location
Street profiles
SITE DRAINAGE FEATURES
.Existing and planned drainage patterns (include off -site areas that
drain through project)
Size of Arles (Acreage)
Size and location of culverts and sewers
Soils information (type, speclai characteristics)
' Design calculations and construction details for culverts and
storm sewers
Design calculations, cross sections and method of stabilization of
existing and planned channels (include temporary linings)
_ Design calculations and construction details of energy disslpatars
below culverts and storm sewer outlets (for rip -rap aprons,
Include stone sizes (diameters) and apron dimensions)
Soil information below culvert and storm sewer outlets
Design calculations and construction details to control groundwater,
i.e. slaps, high crater table, etc.
1
EROSIONJONTROL MEASURES
Legend
Looation of temporary and permanent measures
Construction drawings and details for temporary and permanent
measures
Design calculations for sediment basins and other measures
_ Maintenance requirements during construction
Person responsible for maintenance during construction
Wittenance requirements and responsible person(s) of Pesh,mnem
aieasurai
YFGETATIYE STAHILI7ATION
Areas and acreage to be vegetatively stdbilized
Planned vegetation with details of plants, seed, mulch,
fertilizer
Specifications for permanent and temporary vegetation
Method Of soil preparation
NOTE: Should include provisions for ground cover on exposed slope,,
within 30 working days following completion of any phase of
grading, permanent ground cover foral disturbed areas will
30 working days or 120 calender days (whichever is shorter)
following completion of construction or development,
OTHER INFDRMATION
Narrative (es needed)
f,.ompleted Financial ResponsibllitylOwnership Form ( to be si•
bby person financially responsible for project)
Bid specifications regarding erosion control
Construction sequence related to sadimentatlon and erosion c
(include instillation of critical measures prior to initi
of the land -disturbing activity and ramoval of measures a
areas they serve have been permanently stabilized.

.. ..- .r-a rs ,� as w.n �.r .. .rr.... _ _ .� ..: n-.. �e;.. •.�,� rw�-;wR^.�,�r`w. ';ns- .-'iF':e..�,e,..-�,.�*.�'r'+--, .. ... ,., .,.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Division of Land Resources, Land Quality Section
1. MINE NAME
3. OPERATOR
5. ADDRESS
(PERNUTTED MINE)
2. MINING PERMIT
4. COUNTY__
6. PERMIT ENPIRATION DATE 7. RIVER BASIN
8. Person(s) contacted at site
9. Was mine operating at time of inspection? ❑ Yes ❑ No 10. Pictures? ❑ Yes ❑ No
11. Date last inspected: I I 12. Any mining since last inspection? ❑ Yes ❑ No
13. Is the mine in compliance with the Operating Conditions of the Permit? ❑ Yes ❑ No
If no, explain:
14. Is the mine in compliance with the Reclamation Conditions of the Permit? ❑ Yes ❑ No
If no, explain:
15. Did any of the above deficiencies result in offsite. damage? ❑ Yes ❑ No If yes, describe the
type and severity of the damage:
16. Corrective measures needed and/or taken:
17. Other recommendations and comments:
18. Is the Annual Reclamation Report +1-map accurate? ❑ Yes ❑ No (Explain) ❑ Not Reviewed
19. Follow-up inspection needed? ❑ Yes ❑ No Proposed date I I
20. No. of additional pages of Inspection Report--. 21. Copy of Report sent to operator ! /
(date)
INSPECTED BY: DATE / 1
Telephone No:
"ite copy to file Yellow copy to operator Pink copy to Mining Specialist 10197

DIVISION! OF
North Carolina Department of Natural LAND RESOURCES
` Resources &Community Development Stephen G, Conrad, Director
James B. Hunt, Jr., G{)vernOr Jo;°; h %%r Grimsiey, Secretary Telephone [phone]
April 5, 1982
Mr. Rusty Walker
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation
P. 0. Box 82
Washington, North Carolina 27889
RE: N.C. Phosphate Corporation Mine
Beaufort County
Permit #7-5 MODIFICATION
Dear Mr. Walker:
Your application of January 14, 1982 to modify your mining permit has been
approved. I am enclosing the modified permit.
Please review the modified permit and contact this office should you have
any questions concerning the permit.
Sincerely,
/I," � , zw�-
James D. Simons, C.P.G.S., P.E.
Mining Specialist
LAND QUALITY SECTION
JDS:pg
cc: Floyd Williams
eoiogic:al Survey Section— 733 2423. Geodetic Section-7333836, Land ❑uali'y Section-733-4574. Planning and Inventor, Sectiu-733-3833.
1 ,,J Rvs--rce5 in`or--ati-jn Se-%icC-i33 21090 Su- 27687 Pal._i7F 276! 1 7687

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES
LAND QUALITY SECTION
P E R M I T
for the operation of a mining activity
In accordance with the provisions of G. S. 74-46 through 68,
"The Mining Act of 1971", Mining Permitting Regulation 15
N.C.A.C. 5B, and other applicable laws, rules and regulations
Permission is hereby granted to:
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation permittee
for the operation of a phosphate mine
entitled, N.C. Phosphate Corporation Mine permit no. 7-5
and located in Beaufort County, which shall provide
that the usefulness, productivity and scenic values of all lands
and waters affected by this mining operation will receive the
greatest practical degree of protection and restoration. f

2 Of 8
In accordance with the application for this mining permit, which is hereby
approved by the Department of Natural Resources & Community Development, here-
inafter referred to as the Department, and in conformity with the approved Recla-
mation Plan attached to and incorporated as part of this permit, provisions
must be made for the protection of the surrounding environment and for
reclamation of the land and water affected by the permitted mining operation.
This permit is expressly conditioned upon compliance with all the requirements
of the approved Reclmation Plan. However, completed performance of the
approved Reclamation Plan is a separable obligation, secured by the bond or
other security on file with the Department, and may survive the expiration,
revocation or suspension of this permit.
This permit is not transferable by the permittee with the following exception:
If another operator succeeds to the interest of the permittee in the permitted
mining operation, by virtue of a sale, lease, assignment or otherwise,the
Department may release the permittee from the duties imposed upon him by the
conditions of his permit and by the Mining Act with reference to the permitted
operation, and transfer the permit to the successor operator, provided that
both operators have complied with the requirements of the Mining Act and that
the successor operator agrees to assume the duties of the permittee with
reference to reclamation of the affected land and posts a suitable bond or
other security.
In the event that the Department determines that the permittee or permittee's
successor is not complying with the Reclamation Plan or other terms and con-
ditions of this permit, or is failing to achieve the purposes and requirements
of the Mining Act, the Department may give the operator written notice of Its
intent to modify, revoke or suspend the permit, or its intent to modify the
Reclamation Plan as incorporated in the permit. The operator shall have right
to a hearing at a designated time and place on any proposed modification,
revocation or suspension by the Department. Alternatively and in addition to
the above, the Department may institute other enforcement procedures authorized
by law.
TSnf4"1rinnc
Wherever used or referred to in this permit, unless the context clearly indicates
otherwise, terms shall have the same meaning as supplied by the Mining Act,
N.C.G.S. 74-49.
Conditions
The permitted mining operation shall not violate standards of air quality,
surface water quality, or ground water quality promulgated by the Environmental
Management Commission, or the requirements of the Office of Coastal Management.
This permit shall be effective from the date of its issuance until June 16, 1986
and shall be subject to the provisions of the Mining Act, N.C.G.S. 74--46,
et. seq., and to the following conditions and limitations:

OPERATING CONDITIONS
1. Protection of Air Quality
Any mining process producing air contaminant emissions shall be subject to
the permitting requirements and regulations promulgated by the Division of
Environmental Management.
2. Protection of rater Quality
A. Any wastewater processing or mine dewatering shall be in accordance with
permit requirements and regulations promulgated by the Division of
Environmental Management.
B. Erosion control measures, including vegetative or mechanical barriers,
shall be provided in the initial stages of any land disturbance when
necessary to prevent sediment from discharging onto adjacent surface
areas or into any lake or natural watercourse in proximity to the affected
land. Measures to be used will include, but not be limited to: 1) natural
buffer strips will be maintaine4 between adjacent properties, waterways or
wetlands not included in the permit area and the "affected land," 2) the
mined area will be surrounded with ditching to prevent overland erosion
and to minimize any turbidity in surface runoff, 3) mechanical erosion
control measures will be provided to minimize offsite siltation from
settling pond dike construction until the dikes can be stabilized with
permanent vegetation.
3. Compliance with Office of Coastal Management
Any disturbance or restoration of wetlands and/or waterways shall be in
accordance to the rules and regulations of Coastal Management.
4. Spoil�pile Slope Stability
Any overburden, spoil, or wastepile slopes shall be graded and terraced to
a stable configuration.
Height of spoilpiles shall be in accordance with any local governmental rules
and regulations.
5. Protection of Adjacent Properties_
A. Sufficient buffer shall be maintained between any excavation and any
adjoining property line to prevent caving of that property and to allow
grading of the sideslopes to the required angle.
B. Excavation shall not come within 300 feet of any neighboring dwelling
house, school, church, hospital, commercial or industrial building,
public road or Other public property without written modification to
this permit describing how physical hazard to such features will be
prevented.

4of8
6. Annual Report
An Annual Reclamation Report shall be submitted on a form supplied by the
Department of February I of each year until reclamation is completed and
approved.
7. Bonding
The security which was posted pursuant to N.C.G.S. 74-54 in the form of
$25,000.00 blanket bond is sufficient to cover the phosphate operation as
indicated on the approved application. This security must remain in force
for this permit to be valid. The total affected land shall not exceed the
bonded acreage.

5 0
APPROVED RECLAMATION PLAN
The Mining Permit incorporates this Reclamation Plan, the performance of which
is a condition on the continuing validity of that Mining Permit. Additionally,
the Reclamation Plan is a separable obligation of the permittee, which continues
beyond the term of the Mining Permit.
The approved plan provides:
Minimum Standards As Provided By G. S. 74-53
1. The final slopes in all excavations in soil, sand, gravel and other uncon-
solidated materials shall be at such an angle as to minimize the possibility
of slides and be consistent with the future use of the land.
2. Provisions for safety to persons and to adjoining property must be provided
in all excavations in rock.
3. All overburden and spoil shall be left in a configuration which is in
accordance with accepted conservation practices and which is suitable for
the proposed subsequent use of the land.
4. No small pools of water shall be allowed to collect or remain on the mined
area that are, or are likely to become noxious, odious or foul.
5. The revegetation plan shall conform to accepted and recommended agronomic
and reforestation practices as established by the N.C. Agricultural
Experiment Station and the N.C. Forest Service.
6. Permittee shall conduct reclamation activities pursuant to the Reclamation
Plan herein incorporated. These activities shall be conducted according
to the time schedule included in the plan, which shall to the extent
feasible provide reclamation simultaneous with mining operations and in
any event, initiation of reclamation at the earliest practicable time after
completion or termination of mining on any segment of the permit area and
shall be completed within two years after completion or termination of mining.
RECLAMATION CONDITIONS
1. Provided further, and subject to the Reclamation Scheddle, condition A, the
planned future use of the affected land subsequent to reclamation shall be
to backfill the mined areas and revegetate the backfilled areas with flora
determined by revegetation test programs to be best suited and ecologically
productive. A lake will be left where the mine excavation is not backfilled.
Anticipated future use of the lake and revegetative areas will be recreational
and agarian.

2. The specifications for reclamation shall be as follows:
A.
0
Initial Overburden Disposal
The overburden removed by large walking draglines during the pit
opening phase will be placed on a 75 acre area located adjacent
to the initial pit opening. The final disposal pile height shall
be no more than 100 feet above the original ground elevation. The
stabilization plan shall be to bench the material each 30 feet of
vertical rise with outside slopes no steeper than two horizontal
to one vertical.
The initial bucketwheel excavator overburden disposal site will
cover an area of approximately 250 acres upon which the overburden
removed by the bucketwheel excavators will be stacked during the
pit opening phase. The final disposal pile height shall be no more
than 35 feet above original ground elevation. The stabilization
plan shall be to bench the material at 25 foot of vertical rise
with outside slopes no steeper than two horizontal to one vertical.
The two disposal piles shall be properly graded to control rain
water runoff and prevent erosion and off -site sedimentation.
The two areas will be fertilized, seeded, and mulched to establish
an erosion control cover crop.
The reclamation of these disposal piles will occur within the mine
production years one through three. The bucketwheel excavator
disposal pile will be rehandled and the ore located beneath will
be mined approximately twenty years after first mine production.
Subsequent to mining, the area will be reclaimed following the
routine reclamation practice scheduled for other mined out areas.
Cla,y.Tail„ings Initial Disposal Area
After useful life of the initial clay tailings area has been exhausted,
approximately six to ten years after start of mine production, area
reclamation will begin. Reclamation will consist of decantation of
surface water, surface stabilization, grading of embankment freeboard
onto the stabilized surface, and establishment of a suitable cover crop.
C. Sand Tailings Initial Disposal Area
During the first eighteen months of operation the sand tailings will
be impounded in an area remotely located from the mine pit. The sand
will occupy approximately 140 acres to a height about 70 feet above
existing ground elevation. This sand tailings area shall be capped
with overburden material to sustain plant growth. After the area is
capped it will be graded, mulched, and seeded.

7 of 8
. ' D.
E.
Mined Area Reclamation
The first phase of reclamation of the mined out pit area is the
introduction of backfill into the mined out pit with bucketwheel
excavator and spreader. In order to provide storage for clay and
sand tailings, embankments must be constructed within the mined
out pit as part of the continuous mining operations. These
embankments will be formed by selective placement of spoil by
the spreader and draglines. Heavy earth moving equipment, such
as dozers and scrapers, will be required to finish final grading
of these embankments. Decant towers also will be installed for
each storage area isolated by the embankments prior to the intro-
duction of sand and clay tailings.
During the second phase of reclamation, which also is an integral
part of the mining process, clay and sand tailings are introduced
into the areas isolated by the embankments in the mined out pits.
After the isolated areas have been filled with sand and clay tailings
and they have settled to planned elevation, the concluding reclamation
process is implemented. Surface water will be decanted, the embankment
freeboard will be dozed onto the clay and sand tailings fill, final
drainage will be created, and a suitable cover crop will be established.
This final reclamation phase will be accomplished within two years after
the filling with clay and sand tailings has been completed.
The final site grading drainage objective shall be to restore the
watershed area of any disturbed waterways to function similar to pre -
mining conditions.
Long Range Land Use
After the disturbed areas have been reclaimed as described, the land
will be retired from mine use and placed under control of the North
Carolina Phosphate Corporation Land Management Group for development
into the final long range land use.
F. All re-channelization of existing channels, streams and all new channels
shall be designed, constructed and maintained stable to prevent offsite
sediment damage, and to comply with all rules and regulations of the
Office of Coastal Management.
G. Collection of noxious, odious or foul water shall be prevented by
periphery drainage ditches during mining to control and direct all
surface drainage so as to prohibit unnecessary impoundment of waters.
After reclamation, all mined land shall be contoured to provide
appropriate natural drainage. The final unfilled area in the mining
pit shall be prepared as an ecologically sound lake.

8 of 8
3. Reveqetation Plan
After regrading to a stable and drained condition, the mined area and
tailings ponds will be revegetated with suitable flora. Selection of
these flora will be based upon revegetation test programs conducted in
consultation with local specialists during the initial years of mining.
The selected flora are expected to return the mined area to ecologically
productive acreage.
4. Reclamation Schedule
0
The general reclamation schedule shall be as outlined in reclamation
condition 2A-2D.
Reclamation shall be conducted simultaneously with mining to the extent
feasible. In any event, reclamation shall be initiated as soon as feasible
after completion or termination of mining of any mine segment under permit.
Final reclamation, including revegetation, shall be completed within two
years of completion or termination of mining or backfilling.
In the event that mining activities were to be prematurely terminated at
the N.C. Phosphate Corporation Mine so that the reclamation plan cannot
be fully implemented, the entire area that had been mined but not reclaimed
would become a lake with the water level at natural ground water level,
estimated to be approximately seven feet above sea level. In that event
N.C. Phosphate Corporation would grade to a maximum 2h:i slope, fertilize
and revegetate the lake shore, prevent erosion and to make it esthetically
pleasing.
Permit issued this the G day of oq),I 194? Z
BY:
Stephen G. Conrad, Director
Division of Land Resources
By Authority of the Secretary
Of the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development.

,')
NCPC(D
AN AC,kICO Y1 N1*1% COMPANY
Mr. Charles Gardner
Division of Land Quality
N. C. Department of Natural
Resources and Community
Development
Raleigh, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Gardner:
January 14, 1982
As we have discussed with your department in several preliminary meetings,
NCPC would like to modify State Mine Permit Number 7-5. The two basic reasons
for modification are land trades recently signed with Texasgulf and more detailed
mine planning based on new site specific drillings and equipment specifications.
The land trade especially has called for a shift in the geographic location
of our mine block as can be seen on the enclosed Figure 1, a plan view of our
new mine block with mine production years approximated through year ten and
an arrow indicating subsequent mining direction and general location. The road
relocation shown on this drawing is a portion of N.C. 306 and we are presently
working with the N. C. Department of Transportation which has approved the re-
location in principle and is only awaiting easements to finally approve the plans.
Clearing work on the relocation has begun.
General
The current NCPC mine plan as illustrated on Figure 1 and in drawings 1-4
showing mine/reclamation progression, utilizes a continuous pit and is based on
proven tailings reclamation techniques. It also provides experimental areas for
NCPC. to work with the current research techniques. NCPC is still committed to
utilizing the best available proven technology in reclamation but we must base early
mining and planning on the proven techniques described below.
As can be seen on the drawings, the new NCPC pit does not ziq zag as in
the original mine plan but is continuously advancing generally in the same direc-
tion. It moves from the new pit opening location northeast, then slightly to the
north until the corner Is turned near Texasqulf's present plant facilities. It then
advances southgAt parallel and adjacent to the previously mined pit.
The new plan is a more efficient utilization of our post-Texasquif trade
reserves and it provides for the construction of wetlands. It also enables a
meaningful reclamation research program to be conducted on a large scale in the
first several years of mining.
NCPC is currently undertaking a detailed study program of the wetland
systems between Jack's and Tooley's Creeks. We are also engaged in the construc-
tion of two wetlands systems near the plant site. These studies and demonstration
projects will be the base for a supplemental environmental impact report (EIR) to the
State and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. The supplemental EIR will form the
NORTH CAROLINA PHOSPHATE CORPORATION
P. O. Box 2247 a 1 Harding Square a Washington, North Carolina 27889 a 9191946-4181

Mr. Charles Gardner January 14, 1982
Division of Land Quality Page 2
basis for a permit application from NCPC to mine in the upper reaches of the creeks
involved in the study where they reach into the current mine area. The total
process involved in completing these projects and obtaining a favorable response to
the permit application is expected to take from two to four years. Thus this mine
modification request is based on a mine plan which avoids those wetlands areas
which NCPC is not presently permitted to impact.
These areas set aside for environmental programs, together with avoiding
the wetlands not presently permitted, result in the loss of pit storage space for
tailings. This 1300' setback (see drawings) on the south is additional to another
600' setback in the north of the pit area which must be left to facilitate mining
when the pit comes back around in subsequent years. The interior dikes built
on and out of mine overburden will thus have to be 5o percent higher to achieve
the same storage volume as the embankments shown on the drawings we submitted
with our present permit. The embankments will be about 45 feet in height, de-
pending on our experience with tailings consolidation.
The storage provided by the extra height in the dikes will be supplemented
with a technique called stage filling. This will be utilized at our primary above
around clay impoundment across Durham Creek. This technique will also be used
in the impoundment areas in the mined out pit. The clay impoundment area now in
construction was to be used for 5 to 6 years. with stage filling, it can be utilized
for up to ten years. Tailings will be pumped to the clay impoundment area until
the desired freeboard conditions are reached. A cross dike in the mine pit as
shown on the drawing three will provide new storage area for tailings by year four.
Sand and clay will be placed in the pit until the desired freeboard is reached. In
about the seventh production year it is expected that the tailings can go back
to the primary pond across Durham Creek which will have settled enough to permit
more storage. Iteration of this practice is "stage filling" and it is the only industry
technique that has been proven to date.
As in our present permit, reclamation commences with the deposition of backfill
by the spreader to near natural grade. Reclamation continues through successive
iterations of stage filling utilizing sand and clay tails. Completion of reclamation
and return of this land to productive use will be accomplished as required in the
present permit. Timing of reclamation completion will depend upon the results of
experimental efforts now underway industry wide as well as those NCPC will conduct.
Specific Modification Requests
The following items apply to specific areas of the present NCPC Permit 7-5
and are meant to clarify.
General Conditions - Item 3 -- The phrase "leaching from spoil" should be
removed. There is no Icaching from overburden. It appears this was directed
at gypsum stacks which NCPC will not have.
Reclamation Plan - Item 3 - The phrase "backfill area shall be flat and level
with natural ground level" should be clarified. As you know, neither our pre-
viously permitted mine plan nor our present plan allowed final elevations in the
mined out property to be at existing ground level. The bucketwheel overburden
will, except where it is used to build dikes, be near natural grade as will the
experimental areas. This need was illustrated on the drawings submitted as clari-
fication and support for our present permit.

Mr. Charles Gardner
Division of Land Quality
January 14, 1982
Reclamation Plan - Item 5 (1) - The above comments about leachinq apply here.
ec amation an - item 6 - In the phrase "...water clay slime..." the word
slime should be replaced with the word "tailings".
In the phrase "...consolidated with dried clay slimes..." the word slimes
should be removed and the sentence ended with the word "clay".
Reclamation Plan - Item 7 (8) - NCPC will utilize above ground independent
sand anil clay tailings disposal areas presently permitted to their maximum with
stage falling. Both waste products will subsequently be placed in the mined out
pit and incorporated in the pit reclamation process.
NCPC is permitted for two NPDES discharge points, one from the clay pond
and another from the mill pond. This was the case under the present permit and
will be under the new plan. Thus this paragraph referring to only one release
from the mining process should be clarified.
Reclamation Plan - Item 11 (B) and (D) - These items will have to be modified
to reflect the continuous mining/reclamation plan as described above and in the
enclosed reclamation narrative.
NCPC was first issued Permit No. 7--5 in 1975. As you know, it has taken
us longer to get the project underway than any of us thought. If you modify the
permit without updating the duration, we would have to come back to you very
shortly after we actually begin mining. For this reason, we also request that when
the permit is modified, it be made valid for ten years after the modification.
I hope this letter and the information enclosed is sufficient for you to amend
our present permit. If you need further information, please call me. Thank you
for your time and input as well as that of your staff's.
cerely,
W
us al er
RW Ibp
RW : 10-82
Enclosures

RECLAMATION
The mining method of North Carolina Phosphate Corporation will be
a continuous activity requiring a large area of contiguous mining
property. The mining activity will include overburden removal, ore
extraction, ore beneficiation, mine pit backfill with sand and clay
tailings, and reclamation. The reclamation process will be an integral
part of the continuous mining process.
Reclamation will begin approximately eleven months after start of
mining with the backcast of fill into the mined out pit by the use of
bucketwheel excavators, conveyors, and spreader. The reclamation
activity will continue as clay and sand tailings are stored in areas
prepared by the spreader on the mined out pit backfill. As these
areas settle to final planned elevation they will be isolated from the
continuous mining activity and the concluding reclamation phase will
begin. Approximately two years later, the final reclaimed land will
be available for use in the overall North Carolina Phosphate Corporation
land use plan as farm land or other long term land uses.
The attached descriptions and drawings depict the reclamation phases.

PRE -RECLAMATION FUNCTIONS
A. An initial pit must be opened with the overall dimensions of
4000 feet by 850 feet by 50 feet deep before extraction of ore
can commence. This pit opening development will be accomplished
by the use of large walking draglines working in harmony with a
bucketwheel excavator system. The overburden removed from this
excavation will be moved to two areas immediately adjacent to the
pit opening. This pit opening will be developed over approximately
a two year period.
B. During the first five to six years of production the clay tailings
will be stored in an impoundment area located remotely from the
mine. This storage will be necessary until sufficient mined -out
pit area is provided so that the clays can be returned to the pit
without conflicting with the mining operation.
C. The sand tailings will be impounded in a remote area for the first
eighteen months of operation. After this period, the sand will be
returned to the pit for future storage.

RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES
Reclamation of the disturbed mining area will be accomplished in the
following manner. The attached drawings depict the reclamation phases.
A. Initial Overburden Disposal
The overburden removed by large walking draglines during the
pit opening phase will be placed on a 75 acre area located adjacent
to the initial pit opening. The final disposal pile height will be no
more than 100 feet above the original ground elevation. The
stabilization plan will be to bench the material each 30 feet of
vertical rise with outside slopes no steeper than two horizontal
to one vertical.
The initial bucketwheel excavator overburden disposal site will
cover an area of approximately 250 acres upon which the over-
burden removed by the bucketwheel excavators will be stacked
during the pit opening phase. The final disposal pile height will
be no more than 35 feet above original ground elevation. The
stabilization plan will be to bench the material at 25 foot of vertical
rise with outside slopes no steeper than two horizontal to one
vertical.
The two disposal piles will be properly graded to control rain
water runoff and prevent erosion and off -site sedimentation.
The two areas will be fertilized, seeded, and mulched to
establish an erosion control cover crop.
The reclamation of these disposal piles will occur within mine
production years one through three. The bucketwheel excavator
disposal pile will be rehandled and the ore located beneath will
be mined approximately twenty years after first mine production.
Subsequent to mining, the area will be reclaimed following the
routine reclamation practice scheduled for other mined out areas.

B. CIay_TaiN s_Initial Disposal Area
After useful life of the initial clay tailings area has been exhausted,
approximately six to ten years after start of mine production,
area reclamation will begin. Reclamation will consist of decantation
of surface water, surface stabilization, grading of embankment
freeboard onto the stabilized surface, and establishment of a suit-
able cover crop.
C. Sand Tailings Initial Disposal Area
During the first eighteen months of operation the sand tailings
will be impounded in an area remotely located from the mine pit.
The sand will occupy approximately 140 acres to a height above
70 feet above existing ground elevation. It will be necessary to
cap this sand tailings area with overburden material to sustain
plant growth. After the area is capped it will be graded, mulched,
and seeded.
D. Mined Area Reclamation
The first phase of reclamation of the mined out pit area is the
introduction of backfill into the mined out pit with bucketwheel
excavator and spreader. In order to provide storage for clay and
sand tailings, embankments must be constructed within the mined
out pit as part of the continuous mining operations. These
embankments will be formed by selective placement of spoil by
the spreader and draglines. Heavy earth moving equipment,
such as dozers and scrapers, will be required to finish final
grading of these embankments. Decant towers also will be installed
for each storage area isolated by the embankments prior to the
introduction of sand and clay tailings.
During the second phase of reclamation, which also is an integral
part of the mining process, clay and sand tailings are introduced
into the areas isolated by the embankments in the mined out pits.

After the isolated areas have been filled with sand and clay
tailings and they have settled to planned elevation, the con-
cluding reclamation process is implemented. Surface water will
be decanted, the embankment freeboard will be dozed onto the
clay and sand tailings fill, final drainage will be created, and a
suitable cover crop will be established. This final reclamation
phase will be accomplished within two years after the filling with
clay and sand tailings has been completed.
The attached drawings illustrate the land reclamation phases
of a typical mining area.
E. Long Range Land Use
After the disturbed areas have been reclaimed as described,
the land will be retired from mine use and placed under control
of the North Carolina Phosphate Corporation Land Management
Group for development into the final long range land use.

December 12, 1984
MEMORANDUM
TO; Bob Helms
Dave Owens
FROM: Stephen G. Conrad S6 c
SUBJECT: NCPC Mining Permit Request
NCPC has applied to renew their mining permit No. 7-5. The renewal
involves the same lands but with the following modifications:
1. Permit condition operation condition 5.B - to allow mining
within 120 feet of the center line of N. C. Highway 306. The
current setback is 300 feet. A separate geotechnical report
was submitted in July, 1983 and DOT has agreed that the
highway will not be endangered.
2. An increase in the size of the initial spoilpile from 250 to
290 acres and from 35 feet above existing grade to 50 feet
above existing grade.
3. An experimental Swamp forest reclamation area upstream of
Whitehurst Creek between Jacks Creek and Drinkwater Creek.
4. A relocation of the sand tailings disposal area. The existing
sand tailings area would be utilized for wildlife habitat
until needed by NCPC.
The permit renewal requests provides for mining around Jacks Creek,
Jacobs Creek and Drinkwater Creek but could be modified later if wetland
mitigation was allowed and the NCPC permitted to mine the waterways.
We would appreciate your comment concerning the renewal request by
December 21, 1984. We would appreciate at least some indication as soon
as possible if there are going to be any objections to any of the new
provisions of the permit renewal.
I am enclosing a copy of the renewal request and mine map. Please
advise if we can be answer any questions.
SGC/JS/cj
Enclosure

November 19, 19214
Mr. Charles Gardner
Division of Land Quality
North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development
P. O. fox 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
Dear Mr. Gardner:
The purpose of this letter is to request renewal of North Carolina
Phosphate Corporation's Permit for the operation of a mining activity, #7-5,
as most recently modified per Jaynes Simons letter to Page Ayres of Fehuary 20,
1984.
Along with the delays NCPC has experienced, have came opportunities for
refinements in mine planning, mining techniques and reclamation. Currently,
NICPC has a request for modification of Operating Condition S.B., and supporting
information pending within your division. NCPC would litre to have this
modification and other minor refinements shown in the attached drawings
incorporated into the subject renewal permit. A summary of these changes
follows.
Pit opening will now be accomplished with bucketwheel excavators
instead of by dragline. This has resulted in elimination of the dragline spoil
.Pile and movement of the pit edge vrestward in order to mine the area previously
planned to be covered by the dragline spoil. This change also increases the
pla,)ned size of the bucketwheel overburden pile from 35 feet above existing
grade to 50 feet above existing grade and from 250 acres to 290 acres. The
initial pit opening phase, with excavated material being deposited on the 290
acre overburden site, will require approximately thirty months. Upon
completion of this initial pit opening activity, the overburden conveyor system
will he relocated into the mined out pit and reclamation of the mine area will
begin,
Our current permit provides for sand tailings to be initially stored in
a 130-acre area adjacent to Drinkwater Creek. This impoundment was constructed
in 1978, several years prior to its requirement as a sand tailings disposal
t,!01:1.0 Cr. k.()LIN, ': Pf4OSNt-iV;. -,•
P. Q, Box 398 9 Highway 306 N. • Aurora, North Carolina 27806 • 9191322-5151

w
Mr. Charles Gardner
November 29, 1984
Page Two
area. This was done at the request of the Corps of Engineers and what was then
the State excavate and fill authority. The reason for the request and c;ur
compliance was that with this early construction, we were able to use the area
as a dredge disposal pond for the dredging of our barge slip and channel iri
South Creek. We thus eliminated at least one and possibly two separate dredge
disposal areas and their impacts.
We have carried out soil Investigations of the dredged material in the
tailings area and determined that the dredged material is unstahle. It will be
extremely difficult to utilize the area for sand disposal as the sand must he
placed in ten font lifts in order to prevent the movement of the dredged
material when the sand surcharge is applied. Given the impot, -dment's r.lo-,e
proximity to wetlands and open water, NCPC considers this risk of sudden
movement of the dredge spoil to be unacceptable.
The alternative is shown in the drawings attached. NCNC now proposes
to dispose of the initial sand tailings from mining and processing in an area
which is part of the normal mining path. We would simply rehandle the sand by
the lath year of mining. Even though this will result in additional costs,
there are benefits. First is the elimination of risk at the existing
impoundment area mentioned above. Second is the elimination of the need for
sand tailings disposal pipelines across Drinkwater and Jacobs Creeks. Third,
the new sand tailings area allows gravity flow for return of the sand tailings
water to the plant. Fourth, the closer proximity of the sind to the active pit
will facilitate experimentation with sand clay mixing techniques and events-fal
use of the sand in pit reclamation.
In the area previously designated as a dragline spoil pile, an
experimental swamp forest reclamation area has been added. A clrid plan layout
of the proposed area with elevations is enclosed. Detailed plans for this area
are dependent upon. a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement ;rocess which
we are undertaking related to wetlands mining and mitigation. Our plan is to
establish approximately 16-20 acres of open water and marsh, 16-20 acres of
swamp forest, and 16-20 acres of hardwood/pine forest in the area. We would
like our mining permit to reflect this possibility contingent upon obtaining
permits from other agencies and final approval of detailed plans by your
division. if we cannot develop such plans to our satisfaction and/or get the
plans permitted, we will reclalm this area in the normal manner specified for
the other mine areas. Dike sections In this area developed by Ardaman
Associates have been shifted eastward to allow the experimental swamp forest
work to begin as early as possible.

l4r. Charles Gardner
November 29, 1984
Page Three
Additional detail showing pit levels has been added, and more rofined
estimates of end of fifth and ninth production years status have been given.
Please review the accompanying drawings at yotir earliest convenience
and Contact me with any questions or comments you may have.
Very truly yours,
wal(CA'
2t%LiNalker, Manager
Customer and Public Relations
R VY : gm
cc: J. L. Wester
R . P. Ayres
H . M . d reza

State of North Carolina
Department of Natural and Economic Resources
Office of Earth Resources
Mining Division
Application for a Mining Permit
G. S. 74-50 of the General Statutes of North Carolina, "The Mining Act of 1971!'..
After July 1, 1972, no operator shall engage in mining without having first
obtained from the Department an operating permit which covers the affected land
and which has not terminated, been revoked, been suspended for the period in
question, or otherwise become invalid.
1. Name of Mine North Carolina Phosphate Corporation County Beaufort
2. Name of Company North Carolina Phos hate Cor oration
3. Home Office Address Post -Office -Box 82,.Washington, North Carolina
4. Permanent address for receipt of official mail Same
5. Mine Office Address Same
b. Mine Manager R. Wa
Telephone [phone]
Telephone [phone]
We hereby certify that all details
contained in this Permit Applica-
tion are true and correct to the best
of our knowledge. We fully understand
that any willful misrepresentation of
facts will be cause for permit revocation.
*'Signature Q . ?� "I —
Title President
Date 20 May 1215
*Signature of company officer required.

f-
APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
A. General Characteristics of dine.
1. Total acreage at site for which permit is requested:
Acres owned 4270 Acres leased N/A
2, Materials mined: ---Phosphate _Ore
3. Mining method: Hydraulic Dredge Underground C
Shovel and Truck Dragline and Truck Self -loading Scraper
Other Bucket Wheel Excavators and Dra l,i.nes See Attached Plate I
4. Present depth of mine N/A
5. Expected maximum depth of mine 168 feet
6. Area of previous, activity.: {Identify these areas on your mine map.) N/A
a. Area of previously affected land at present site that is inactive as
of July 1, 1972: �11A
b. Acres previously reclaimed at present site N/A
B. Determination of Affected Acreage and Bond.
1. Number of years for which permit is requested 10 (10 years maxi um}.
2. Total affected acreage:
Sand 100
a. Area used for tailing ponds Clay 1200 1300 acres
b. Area -used -for stockpiles --. 22.5 acres
c. Area used for waste piles 72 acres
d. Area used for processing plants 223 acres
e. Area of active mine excavation as of July 1, 1972 N/A acres
f. Estimate annual acreage of new land disturbed by
mining 160
g. Estimate total land disturbed by mining that is
subject to reclamation by multiplying Item 2f by 3= 480 acres
TOTAL OF 2a through 2g 2Q97.5 acres

APPLICATION FOR A MINInG PERMIT
3. Check acreage to be bonded: Total affected acreage figure from B,
2 equals acreage to be bonded.
Ej 0 - 4.99 acres ($ 2,500 bond)
5 - 9.99 acres ($ 5,000 bond)
10 - 24.99 acres ($12,500 bond)
25+ acres ($25,OOC bond)
4. Will your company file a blanket bond covering all of its mining operations
in North Carolina? Yes 0 No
Check the amount of blanket bond:
$2,500 $12,500
$5,000 $25,000
C. Protection of Natural Resources
1. What aspect of your mining operation may have significant effect on wild-
life, or freshwater, estuarine or marine fisheries?
Clearing for mining will cause wildlife to relocate from mine area.
Impact on estuarine productivity is expected to be minimal.
2. Is there a waste water discharge from your plant or mine?
Yes No El
If yes, indicate the approval document number issued by the Office of Water
and Air Resources, Department of Natural and Economic Resources.
IN PROCESS Expiration Date
b, Is there an air contaminant emission from your mine or plant?
Yes i] No
If yes, indicate the approval document number issued by the Office of
Water and Air Resources, Department of Natural and Economic Resources.
IN PROCESS
iration Date
-2-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
3. If your mining excavation will come within 300 feet of any neighboring
dwelling house, school, church, hospital, commercial or industrial
building, public building or public road, describe methods to prevent
physical hazard to such features.
NOT APPLICABLE
4. Describe measures to be taken to insure against (l) substantial deposits
of sediment in stream beds or lakes, (2) landslides, (3) acid water
pollution.
The active mine area will be surrounded by a system of ditches which will
move with the mining activity and which will serve to transport all water
from surface drainage, pit drainage, and mine depressurization away from
the mine. This water will be transported via the ditch system to a mill
pond at the processing plant. Water in the mill pond will be used in the
beneficiation process and, after appropriate recycling, will be discharged
at one of three surface water discharge locations. See sections of the
Reclamation Plan also.
511

LAND ENTRY AGREz.MENT
We hereby grant to the Department or its appointed representatives
the right of entry and travel upon our lands or operation during
regular business hodrs for the purpose of making necessary field
inspections or investigations as may be reasonably required in the
administration of this Act, so long as the Department or its appointed
representatives are accompanied by an agent or representative of our
Company.
We further grant to the Department or its appointed representatives
the right to make whatever entries on the land as may be reasonably
necessary and to take whatever actions as may be reasonably necessary
in order to carry out reclamation which the operator has failed to
complete in the event a bond forfeiture is ordered pursuant to Section 14.
*Signed
Title President
Mine North Carolina Phosphate Corporation
Company T North Carolina Phosphate Corporation
*Signature should be the same as the officer who signed the application for
a permit.

Reclamation Plan
1. Describe your intended plan for the reclamation and subsequent use of all
affected lands and indicate the general methods to be used in reclaiming
this land.
During the initial years of mining as the pit is developed, only
the overburden will be returned to the mined area. During this period the
processing plant wastes, i.e., screen oversize, sand tailings and clay fines,
will be placed in appropriate separate impoundments.
After this initial period of mining, the mined area will be available
for impoundment of oversize material and sand tailings. Clay tailings, however,
with slow settling characteristics and large water volumes, will require a
larger area for impoundment. When mining has provided the necessary area,
the clay fines will also be returned to the mine area. Clay and sand tailings
will be intermixed at this time, to assist the reconsolidation process. flack -
filling will be continued in efficient work units across the mined area. As
one impoundment in the mined area is filled, a new area will be prepared to
receive the sand and Clay tailings.
After sufficient dewatering and reconsolidation of placed sand and
clay tailings, the impoundment dikes will be graded and contoured to prevent
erosion. The area will then be revegetated with indigenous plants that are
adaptable to the redlaimed soil and thus return mined land to useful acreage.
During the initial years of mining, reclamation revegetation test
programs will be conducted in consultation with local specialists in order
that species and procedures will be selected that will maximize the probability
of success in desired erosion control and conversion of the impoundment areas
to useful acreage.
The mining area during the final years of operation, without any
subsequent plant sand and clay tailings available, will not be completely
refilled. Reclamation will be accomplished by preparing the placed overburden
spoil for revegetation and creating a lake in the final unfilled cuts of the
pit.
Reclaiming the separate sand and clay impoundments, used before these
materials could be returned to a mine area, will begin as soon as pobb ible.
The sand impoundment will settle rapidly and can be promptly graded for erosion
control. The clay impoundment will require sufficient time to allow the clays
to reconsolidate. After the area is filled, water will be continously decanted
to allow the materials to dry and stabilize. When this has reached a point
that the surface will support equipment, the freeboard portion of the impound-
ment dike will be graded over the clays and the area revegetated similar to the
mined areas.

Rocl,�,o:ition Plan
2.- Wicate what practices you will take to protect adjacent surface resources.
There are no surface landowners contiguous to the proposed mining
block except for the Texasgulf Industries mining properties. In any event, to
protect these adjacent surface resources we will surround the mined area with
ditching to prevent overland erosion and leaching from spoil piles and to
minimize any turbidity in surface runoff. Procedures used will be typical of
those outlined in the State of North Carolina Department of Natural and Economic
Resources report "Temporary Mechanical Erosion Control for Surface Mining Operations".
Appropriate size buffer strips will be maintained between adjacent properties to
avoid erosion or caving damage to the adjacent properties.
3. State the method of prevention or elimination of conditions that will be
hazardous to anitrial or fish life in or adjarent to the affected areas.
Birds, mammals and reptiles will evacuate the area to be mined and the
immediate adjacent areas due to the disturbed cause by the clearing activity which
will occur in preparation for mining. And as described in Item 2 above, pertmeter
ditching around the mining area will minimize the aquatic, impact from leaching
and erosion of spoil piles.
4. Describe provisions for safety to persons and to adjoining property in all
excavations in rock.
No excnvati.ons are to be made in rock slopes and consequently, all
excavation and spoil bank slopes will be governed by soil slope stability.
Sufficient buffer zone will be provided to prevent caving or collapse of adjacent
properties.
S. Describe plans, if any, for screening operations from public view.
In addition to the remoteness of the mining; block locations, the presence
of natural vegetation buffer zones will be maintained to seclude the mining areas
from public view.
The initial overburden spoil pile of approximately 71 acres will be sloped
into a plateau structure with slopes of 2::1 and benched each 30' of vertical rise.
The entire area will be seeded and mulched and a lush growth of grass is expected due
to the fertility of this type o` soil. These reclamation efforts will occur in production
years 1-3.
6. State the method of rehabilitation of settling ponds if to be reclaiitied
during the life of the permit.
Sand and clay impoundments, used before these materials can be returned to
a mine area, will be reclaimed. The sand impoundoient will settle rapidly and can be
prnT ptl_y graded for erosion conrol . The clay impoundment will require sufficient time
tc) t11o,: the clads to recongolldnte. Succe3sful reconsolidation is dependent upon proper
nj intf nance of spillways to in .ure cony, ant drain :ge after the clay pond is fillet( to
c<..,n: i ty. In the case of Norte Carolina Phosphate Corporation, the clay pond will bo
fill,! l after the production oI 18.3 million tolls of phosphate or approximately the 6th
vc� eiinin>;.
It
i , ,. yocted that by the 6th yoA , afte . the POW is filled, th surface win support wavyeqU t P .nt and th } freeboard portion of tho imi}auad iut d ike •..il.l be graded uvu r the clays
W UP area rvvc�-' need sirila.r to the mined 'rvig.

Reclamation Plan
7. State the method of control of contaminants and disposal of mining refuse:
As is discussed in Question 1, all mining refuse initially is to be
retained in separate impoundments and then all subsequent mining refuse will be
returned to the mined out areas. The only release from the mining process will
be decanted clay pond water which is controlled under the Federal NPDIS and North
Carolina State Surface Discharge requirements.
S. Indicate the method of restoration or establishment of stream channels and
stream beds to a condition minimizing erosion, siltation and other pollution:
As only minor streams cross the proposed mining block area, it is
not expected that major rechannelization of surface water drainage will be
required. However, any rechannelization that is required will be designed to
minimize erosion and siltation. New channels will be sized to meet and to
control water velocities and banks will be grassed and mulched. These pro-
cedures will maintain position control over erosion and siltation at the discharge
point of the new channel.
9. Describe provisions for prevention of noxious, odious or foul water collecting
or remaining in mined areas.
During mining, periphery drainage ditches will control and direct all
surface drainage so as to prohibit unnecessary impoundments of water. After
reclamation, all mined land will be contoured to provide appropriate natural
drainage. The final unfilled area in the mining pit will be prepared as an
ecologically sound lake; see answer to Question 1. Based on these procedures,
there should be no noxious, odious or foul water collecting or remaining in
mined areas.
10. Describe how the surface gradient in unconsolidated materials will be re-
stored to a condition suitable for the proposed subsequent use of the land
after reclamation is completed and proposed method of accomplishment:
The: proposed mining and reclamation methods will not cause unstable
material to accumulate. The resulting topography will be generally flat with
sufficient surface gradients to provide satisfactory drainage of the reclaimed
area. Soil bearing capacity and drainage will be sufficient for the proposed
agricultural purposes.
-3-

Reclamation Plan
11. Describe your plan for revegetation or other surface troatment of the
affected areas. Note requirement of Regulation Number 1.
As discussed in Question 1, after regrading to a stable and drained
condition, the mined area will be revegetated with suitable flora. Selection
of these flora will be based upon revegetation test programs conducted in
consultation with local specialists during the initial years of mining. The
selected flora are expected to return the mined area to ecologically productive
acreage.
Revegetation and/or reforestation plan approved by:
Signature - �z—
Title Chairman
Agency Beaufort Soil & Water Conservation
District
Date May 12� 1975
-4-

L
Reclamation Plan
12. Provide a time schedule that meets the requirements of G. S. 74-53.
Mining blocks for years 1 through 5, as identified in the mining
plan, will be reclaimed during years 6 through 10. Mining blocks for years
6 through 10 will be reclaimed during the eleventh and twelfth year.
In the event of an economic down turn of sufficient proportions as to
cause permanent suspension of all mining activities by North Carolina Phosphate
Corporation, the company will assume responsibility for flooding the pit areas,
sloping all banks, and mulching and grassing slopes.
-5-

^00 is$ 1"6
North OUQIJM PbOdl*AS" V Wp.
P. 0. 9M 02
its t s - t swe Qoralir► rug
Dyer Mr. Omss
Tow sMAwW= for a minim pwmit flog tb* North Calm p"bosvbAo
NJ= in Sawf %, Osuft and the dapail of a Si P= bald be"
sab4sfira th• rrgodr.�wa of a. Be 74-AA oat Iha HISIng it 1971. Sbwr
front I = a mamim Pw ■dnin poeata nw*w 7.5,
Plane adds• shadd ym bm a4 + �'�i 00 aaaad
persit or the ragair��eL of.The Mining Aot of 1971.
VW7 tmdY YWOa r
W. Z.
vusl4b
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set w4pus xe.do

D4ARrbg3 OF NATURAL MD.' WGQN ,10 P90URM_ - ~ 9
AND QUALM.
{ -.. . 1. s+�'r �� �' ' - t �� h 'y {;rA --•. •' .. �'L.
.'' R R I •'h s
' s ' `t• ! '! x } ti r, a ••a �,.
for., the aper$t3or� of a minaat�l.:vity
?are a'aeQrd$nce" ��.th the `provisions of a. B't .7 roe 6$� � '
"°1'he M.inIU Adt Of l�,f � Mi il3 g. Few � Rem :a'�iC�@1��•
XT d Af:4a, 5B= ,- and other applicable Iwo" ,�ea ` pd t'e �tiGn�3
Pormission is he%'abgrant•
f . the opbr4ktion of a Phmp�% A,
i
ent 64 h- %raua Phoap� ""` , P a o;.' " i
and located In �M "+ `t Countyi td13 a ei ,l 0
` r ` : sl` a
thitr VIo Lul IIQ:#S prOdlTCt V�ti�' Sti(3 aC+l . ' lu s, Q $ % la#uta�t
.and wat,e#�a F eeted :by t�hii min c c'at n r�cs�'vli.; tie .;
greatest praical degree of protection aad
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In accordaAcd with..the. pplication for this mirt3xig_permit, which is hereby
i approved b� the -'Department of Natural -send Faonomic,.Rescwces.,hQreihafb6r
referred to :as the.Departmentg anct:. conformity with theAlapprdared $ `
mat ion Plan attached: to and. inCorpcfrAt49& •Aa pert, of this pertre . rovl$i�Js:�
must be made- for the protection of the, avrrbtibdin envirarunent and for
reclamktian,.of the land and water affectid :by•tbg' permitted 'mining opbration.
This .:P&,mit . • expxresely conditioned upQri compl qe with a .I the requirement �
of ,the. approyad Ri edamation Plan.. However jr-•i letid performance •of the
approved: Reclamation plan .3s a separable bbliga iron- :opc�ured by the band or.
other secri'rity. on fire with the Department, abd .mayeurviire. the expirations
revocation or suspension of this pirmttt.
This permit is not transferable by•,th& perbittes 'with. the following exceptiaat
I apo .her.- operator succeeds to the interest- of ,the pez t�ee in the perffli#. ,, ,
mining,'operat3.6n! by' virtue• of. a eelef-1 $ : Oelinimat or othom se, the , ;'.
Department may; rolease the permittee fromtIM"',
iWos'ed upgn him by the
coi�dit ons of his permit and p by the M ningei'erehce to the permitted
operation, and transfer the parmEit,to. the gucc+,ss�r`6pitatorf provided that
Ipoth operators have complied with the reolidmiots ot, the Mining Act and that
the successor. operator agrees to assume the-,cO the, permittee with.
reference to reclamation of the affected Isn' d" 'aid p60q a suitable bond or
other security.
In the event that the Department determines that the >pfrmittee or permittee+ :; ,
successor is not complying, with the Redlimatioif'.PlAlti ''on'other terms and' ead—
,;�_ , ditions of this permit• grjs failing: to 6abIii rs,`fi#e.- poses and rZ rem
of the Mining` Act$ the' department may give t .operator' an+itten .not�cs of, its
intent to modify, revoke or suspend the -1 : 1*11's intent to modify the.
Reclamation Plan 48,1 icorpprated ,.3n the permit. the operator shaU have 'riekt
to a hearing at a designated time and pi'ace 'on of y pr.ops .id modification's
revocation. or .suspension by the Department. Alternati*eiy and in WiVion to'
the abov+e.t the- Department may institute ftaw •enforcement procedures authoricad
by law&
Definite . _ - : ° .- .. .. .�w • -
Wh er enter used or referred to in this permit# tint baS . the - cant east ' cl early �dlp
.atherwiset -tornw;shall have the satire' nio ging A oupplisd by-the.Mini,ng.-Actr
N.CiG.S. 74-49 .
CoAn
The permitted mining operation shaL. -nod vialate1.standards of air qualityy
surface- water -gUalityp or ground water gliality .promulgated by the Eavron t*rtt%I...;_
• 'Managemr.�nt Cari:n3sstdni. •
This. permit shall be -.e.Metive from; the dateof lts issuance until::,,
and sub: ec to :the ovria3nns of. this Mining Act
at. seq.., .arid :c. ti4' following .condition; ar4 IbAtit, s:
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The Mining Permit incorporates this Reclam_ atApn Plan, the performance of which
is a condition on the continuing validity of. that Mining Permit. Additionally,
the Reclamation Plan is a separable obligation of the permittee, which continues
beyond the term of the Mining Permit.
The approved plan provides:
Mini„ m stm—dards..AE,;�o . ;6.S 71��►53,
1. The final slopes in all excavations in soilt.sandt gravel and other uncon—
solidated materials -shall be at such an angle as to minimize the poss,ibil l.ty
of slides and be consistent with the future use of the land.
-2. Provisions for safety to persons and to adjoining property must be pravMed—
in all excavations in rock.
3. All overburden and spoil shall be left,'In a configuration which is..in
accordance with accepted conservation practices and which is suitable for
the proposed subsequent use of the land.
4.. No small pools of water shall be allowed td collect or remain .on the mined
area that are! or are likely -to baecome. noxious v odious or 'foul.
5. The revegetation plan shall conform to accepted slid recommended agronomic
and reforestation practices as established by the N. Co Agricultural.
Experiment Station and the N. C. Forest Service.
6. Permittee shall conduct reclamation activities pursuant to the Reclamation
Plan herein incorporated. These activities shall be conducted according
to the time schedule included in the plan, which shall to the extent
feasible provide reclamation simiataneous: with mining operations and in°
any event, initiation. of reclamation ,at the earliest practicable time after
completion or termination of-mitdr.ig on any segment of the permit area and
shall be.completed within two years. after completion or termination of
mining.
i. p ,� • i arra. d W&JOA to the Use sah�lif condition #1I, the
sa
p1a +r 11tt1le We of the aif�e�led laud r - #e realasatim shall
be to bw"= the slast arcs add rersde"U the bawl f=$d arOU with
!1 db!► rew""ios. tat to be Dart spited atad
�M
*$dXt�Lwl],T o edesift r. A lea rdU i lrd►$e the mine mftntUD
!r Wt b"kft1"* faw* nee of the Uke anit motile
woo a"_ be rewestUMI OM 4.8"n.
�!. fte at ewlaee reeiarabhm Dell be U i'OlUOI
DWIV Us 41itia3 "" at Ott ■e. 00 apit U ��dwfa" trda MIT the
vaaiohdat shall be retrmrhed to as nliwd m. Dorian thib "rW

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10. Re"Setatim Places Alter regrading to a stable and drained ocaditiaa,
the mined aces, and tailings pan& Mill be ri'!'dS1UtW -filth sAtWo
flora. BWAwtion of thMM flora will be % Md vV= mejetatice t"t
programs oaadeatea In Gonsultattion 4th loosX .—etaliats duriod *a r.
Initial years of w1ul : The "loot" flocs a" expeaW to re bm tale
seined area to e"logioally prod*tive acreage. s
11. Tim Schedytle -
a
A. Wig 2nrbnrdetf Pile
Reclanation of the initial owl" pU* shallbe completed vithin
the first three years of produtien.
B. ?gtll.nRe Lpot�nthaaats
Reclamation of the sand tailshallbegin pronptlY
after @Rnd tailings have been 1hto iumt0o wins excavations.
After completion of mining Kook nmbb' 5 as idantified in the mining,
p1m, the sand tailings shallbe diroatq4 Sa�o the inactive sine .
WCCAV'ations.
C. Cl!Ry I�dmente
The clan impoundment shallbe reclaimed after the.,oterial has stabilipd _
sufficiently to support equipment.
D. Mine FLccAvntion+. *'
Hining, blocks for years 1 through 5 as identiflod in the inning plats
shall be reclaimed during years 6 thr ngh 10. Mining b3.Aeke - VT yearn. _. '
6 through 10 shall be recleiaed during the eleventh through s event een#4t
In the event that mining, q.ctivitles were to be prematurely terminate&`'at,Ah0-
N.C. Phosphate Corp. Mine so that the realm matron -plan cannot be fully "
implemented, the entire Preen thAt had been mined but not reelained %euld
become P, 1^ke pith tv vi"tor le ,-' -t nnt•,1r.,7 .roljnd wfiter level, extinaW �y� to be 8pproxim'1teI.- 4?ven feet. -'iov- s(t 1(? rol . in that evointo N.C. Phosphate • .Fi
Ccvp. would ;rr-de to -) m.grim= s:1 slope, fertilize and revegatste'tde'�a&s:''
shore, prevent erosion rind t�o/nnke it estheticnTly pleasing. ;
Permit issued this the T r#�v of , iQ`, _ .'
r
W. P. ItnIgMj Director
Division of Environmental Management
By Authority of the Secretary
Of the Department of Natural €nd Economic Resources
ti
1

-
PLEASE SIG',d AND COMMENT 4
i

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Date
19
To:
From: t
Remarks:
r 4 1a O v.l ►� f/
0 Note and file
❑ Note and return to me
❑ Note end see me about this
❑ For your approval
❑ Per our conversation
❑ Per your request
❑ Note, Initial and forward
❑ your comments, Please
[] For your Information
❑ Prepare reply for my alonsture
❑ Prepare Information for me to reply
0 Please answer, with copy to ms
r
t.�

ASANCONED
Ct-aY TAILINGS
P00
ABANDONED
42" PIPEUME
CROSSI
EJWrARL _ �POP
-31
`x
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M DISCHARGE
ABANDONED
Ji
""AM
PROPOSED
CLAY TAILUM
AREA
04 M
r-- 402 DISCHARGE
TEXASGUL F, INC- a'
MINE 5 PLANT
low
5°J NORTH MINtWO BLOCK
PROPOSED CLAY AREA
F I Q,UR E 2,
PROPOSED CLAY TAILINGS SYSTEM
CONSTRUCTED WIT14IN
NORTH MINING BLOCK
AJ1q(: A A
jam -O-AF4(LM ATE
Kck BIN
Zi889
PROPOSED CLAY TAIL #163 SYSTEM
1

NORTH
LINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES OAND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
�9
Date
FsOrr.: r
Retrarks: it
{� o Cwt—
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` ACfiJN
forward
d fi-
Vpra ■r-e
�. Your Comments, plane
Note and return to me For your inform+rion
Note and oae ma about this U a1 notum
royal ❑Prepare reply for my p
For your app Prepare information for me to raPiy
per our conversation
Per your requett ❑ Pleofa anvnr, with Copy to me
Y. " filed ��l

m
0

s
MEMORANDUM
TO: Tracy Davis
State Mining Specialist
FROM: Floyd Williams
Regional Engineer
Land Quality Sectio
Washington Regional Of
DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES
LAND QUALITY SECTION
June 21, 1990
ce
SUBJECT: Texasgulf Phosphate Mine
May 11, 1990 Notice of Violation
AN Z � 1990
LAND nIlgl ITY SE(:TI()N
Enclosed you will find 3 mine inspection reports resulting
from the May 11, 1990 Notice of Violations. Inspections were
made by me on May 21, June 14, and June 21, 1990.
Texasgulf met the deadline for all three corrective actions
stated in the May 11, 1990 Notice of Violations.,
The permanent erosion and sedimentation control plan was
reviewed and comments made to Texasgulf on JuRe,,l ,,_,requesting a
revised plan. Jeff Furness stated to me during t e'ilfhe 21
inspection that Robert M. Chiles, P.E., Texasgulf's consultant,
had been given a copy of the letter and that he raa9 wtirking on
revisions. Once we get the revised copies, we,•will. review and
approve for construction if everything is adequate;' and require
Texasgulf to immediately begin implementing the permanent erosion
and sedimentation control plan. In the meantime, it is my
opinion that the temporary measures will be adequate.
Please draft a letter for Charles to sign, stating.that
Texasgulf has satisfactorily met the deadlines for corrective
actions stated in the May 11, 1990 Notice of Violations, and
emphasize the need for Texasgulf to implement the permanent
erosion and sedimentation control plan once the revised plan has
been approved.
I did not send Texasgulf any of the 3 inspection reports.
They can be mailed with the letter that Charles signs.
If you have any questions, please give me a call.
FRW.mr
Enclosures

NORTH CAROUNA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT,
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT of NATURAL
HEALTH, AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
N RTH
RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
D>tte
Date
To:
TO:
From:
From: 01-
Remark s:
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jA(
IV
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
February 10, 1992
• A : Ml9 4V!
TO: Tracy Davis
FROM: John Dornem�ey'-L�]
RE: 700 acre mine expansion for Texasgulf
Beaufort County
RECEIVED
LAND OUALIT`f SECTION
Please be advised that after meetings with Tg representatives
on 24 January and 6 February 1992, that Tg will have to obtain a
401 Water Quality Certification or variance from the
Environmental Management Commission for their activities in the
channel of Whitehurst Creek. We are planning to collect
macrobenthos data for that purpose during February.
I discussed this matter with Mel Nevils who suggested that I
write this memo. As he agreed, I would suggest that the mining
permit be authorized with a condition requiring 401 Certification
or Environmental Management Commission variance from DEM. Please
call me if you have any questions.
JD/kls
Davis.mem/D-4
cc: Jim Mulligan, WaRO
Mel Nevils, Land Resources
Central Files

NORTH CAROLINA PHOSPHATE CORPORATION
October 21, 1974
R. W. GROSZ
President
North Carolina Department of
Natural & Economic Resources
Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Attention: Mr. Stephen G. Conrad
Dear Sir:
In this cover is our preliminary report on a mining plan for our
phosphate reserves located on the south side of the Pamlico River near
Aurora in Beaufort County, North Carolina. The report develops in de-
tail the extended bench method of stripping using two draglines, one with
a 72»cubic yard bucket and the other with a 115-cubic yard bucket. Matrix
would be rehandled by two 20-cubic yard bucket draglines on the highwall.
The study was conducted for North Carolina Phosphate Corporation
by John T. Boyd Company, Mining and Geological Engineers. Several
other mining methods were considered but found less desirable. Some
of these were as follows:
1. Combination of a suction dredge removing the top 20 feet
of sand and draglines removing the overburden and mining
the phosphate matrix.
2. Bucketwheel excavator direct casting a portion of the over-
burden plus two draglines removing the remaining overburden
and mining the phosphate matrix.
3. Two bucketwheel excavators with independent conveying
systems moving the overburden. A bucketline dredge will
mine the matrix.
4. Bucketline dredge operation remove the overburden and
. mine the matrix.
P.O. BOX 82, WASHINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 271389 0 I919►946-4181

- 2 -
The water control requirements to accommodate the extended
bench method of stripping have been formulated and the ground water
impact has been investigated by Dr. Sohn Harshbarger and Associates.
A report of his findings and conclusions is being submitted under sepa-
rate cover.
Yours very truly,
(3 � AA�'�
R. W. Grosz
•

•
r]

i TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pale
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL STATEMENT ............................ 1-1
SUMMARIZED FINDINGS ........................... 2-1
PRESENTATION OF THE EXHIBITS ................. 3-1
MINING PLAN ..................................... 4-1
Tabulation .................. Following ........ 4-6
1:
EXHIBITS:
1:
2:
3:
4A:
4B:
4C:
4D:
4E:
4E-1.
0
Overburden and Concentrate Production
Schedule
Location Map Showing a Portion of Eastern
North Carolina
Plan Map, Beaufort County, North Carolina,
Showing Mining Sequence
Plan Map, Showing Dragline Positions in Extended
Bench Method
Preliminary Dragline Bench Diagram, Block 1
Preliminary Dragline Bench Diagram, Block 1
Preliminary Dragline Bench Diagram, Block 3
Preliminary Dragline Bench Diagram, Block 5
Initial Box Cut and Transitional Cuts, Extended
Bench Method, Block 4
Preliminary Dragline Range Diagram, Block 4

t-1
0
GENERAL STATEMENT
The phosphate reserves present in Beaufort County, North Carolina,
have been the object of intense exploration effort in the 1950's and 1960's
directed at proving the extent of mineable reserves. The world-wide increase
in population has required additional food supply from the agricultural industry,
hence the increased demand for phosphate fertilizer and chemicals throughout
the world.
North Carolina Phosphate Corporation, a firm jointly owned by Agrico
Chemical Company and Kennecott Copper Corporation, has substantial phos-
phate reserves in Beaufort County, North Carolina, and has plans to develop
these reserves located south of Pamlico River near Aurora, North Carolina.
. We have reviewed existing and possible mining methods to exploit our
phosphate reserves and developed what we believe to be the most feasible
mining plan. The selection takes into consideration the application of proven
equipment, maximum recovery of the reserve, mine safety, overall environ-
mental impact, and economics.
The method selected is the extended bench method of stripping, which
is the placement of unstable spoil in benches. This method works as follows:
A 72-cubic yard dragline will operate on top of the Yorktown
Formation, it will chop down 20 feet of Pleistocene sand and dig 50
feet of the upper Yorktown overburden. A 115-cubic yard dragline will
operate on the Yorktown Formation 40 feet above the phosphate matrix
where the extended bench is located. This machine rehandles the
0 extended bench, removes the remaining 40 feet of overburden, and
mines 40 feet of phosphate matrix and places it on top of the highwall.

I - 2
The .large dragline can operate on the extended bench as the bench
is keyed into the normal spoil pile and the lower Yorktown Formation.
This mining method requires ground water control.
Detailed mining plans have been developed for the above mining method
and submitted to Harshbarger & Associates, Hydrology Consultants. They
have developed preliminary studies outlining the mine dewatering requirements.
In addition, the mining plans have been submitted to Woodward -Gardner &
Associates, Soil Consultants, for their findings on highwall and spoil slope
angles and the method of benching the spoil.
The detailed mining plan shows a mining schedule that will mime up to
12 million tons of concentrate per year over a 30-year period.
Four other mining methods were studied in some detail and determined
unfavorable. These methods included an alternate dry mining method, dredging
the overburden and matrix, and two partially wet mining methods. One of
these was bucketwheel mining of the overburden and bucketline dredging of the
matrix which was investigated with a view to decreasing the ground water draw
requirements. The most detrimental factors regarding this method were the
problems bucketwheels, conveyors, and stackers would have operating on the
relatively weak benches and spoil, as well as inability of the bucketwheel to
dig hard limestone lenses. The initial cut would require the movement of 18. 5
million cubic yards of overburden as compared to b, z million cubic yards with
the dragline extended bench method. This requirement together with excessive
capital expenditures needed for the mining equipment are also detrimental
0 factors regarding the dry -wet mining method.

1 - 3
1 Underground mining was considered and rejected as proven mining
methods would require dewatering, low recovery of the reserves, and
unstable overburden roof that would have to be supported.
The mining plan selected in this report will provide maximum
reserve utilization.
•

2-1
SUMMARIZED FINDINGS
This report's findings and recommendations are summarized in
this section; the following statements are supported by the text, tabulations,
and exhibits.
1. Evaluation of several alternative mining and groundwater control
plans indicates that the extended bench -dry pit method has the
greatest flexibility in accommodating the low strength and higher
moisture content evident in the materials. This method is preferred
as the initial mining plan, inasmuch as it will be able to utilize equip-
ment presently on order to the fullest degree, and appears to be least
sensitive to the restrictions imposed by the materials handled in the
0 mine.
z. Other methods, such as suction dredge-dragline stripping and bucket-
wheel-dragline stripping, appear to have some merit, but are less
flexible and more costly than the recommended method.
3. The investigation of partially wet or all wet stripping and/or mining
methods reveals that the characteristics of the overburden when placed
in spoil piles would create operating conditions that would not be feasible
and/or environmental conditions that would not be acceptable. The all
wet method is impossible because it would entail the impounding of
dredged sand and clay which does not settle to its original volume. This
impounding area would ultimately consume many square miles of land
that would be difficult, if not impossible to reclaim in a reasonable
period of time.

9
a

3-1
•
PRESENTATION OF THE EXHIBITS
This report's supporting maps and sections are enclosed in the Exhibits
section. The following explanatory text presents the exhibits.
Exhibit l: Location Map Scale, 1" = 50 mi les
Location map of Eastern North Carolina showing phosphate lease areas
of North Carolina Phosphate Corporation and Texas Gulf Industries,
population centers and road network.
Exhibit 2: Mining Sequence Mop Scale, 1" = 2,000 feet
Planimetric map with structure contours shown on bottom of mineable
matrix. Reserve allocations and dragline assignment shown by mining periods
in sequence. Pits laid out on normal 3,500 foot module.
Exhibit 3: Dragline Position Map Scale; 1" = 50 feet
Planimetric map showing locations of draglines, digging and spoil areas
for representative pit in 110 feet of cover. Construction and rehandling of
extended bench material is also shown.
Exhibit 4 Series: Dragline Range Diagram Scale, 1" = 50 feet
Cross sections showing representative spoil placement for reserve blocks
Nos. 1, 31 51 and 4 on Exhibits 4A, 46, 4C, 4D, and 4E-1, successively.
Opening (box) cut sequence shown for block Nos 4 on Exhibit 4E.
JOHN T. BOYO COMPANY

0
•
•

0
0

4 - 1
MINING PLAN
0
General
Conceptual mining plans were developed utilizing several different
mining and ground water control methods for stability and preliminary eco-
nomic evaluation prior to a selection of systems to be implemented. The
criteria used in the formulation were:
(1) Cause minimum adverse effect on the hydrologic systems
encountered in the raining area
(2) Insure slope stability on both cut and fill slopes
(3) Optimize mining recovery
(4) Produce matrix at minimum cost
Matrix transportation was considered not to be particularly critical
to the selection of a stripping plan; therefore, slurry pipelining was stipulated
for all options.
The dry pit options were all designed around a piezometric pressure
relief well system similar to that presently in operation at the neighboring
Texasgulf Industries (TGI) Lee Creek Mine. In operation, a network of wells
is completed in the Castle Hayne Limestone acquifer, beneath the Pungo River
Formation, and selectively pumped at rates approximating 3, 000 gallons per
minute to locally lower the piezometric pressure. It is possible, with judicious
placement and pumping, to essentially prevent the influx of ground water to
the active mining area, materially enhancing stability of the mine slopes and
matrix recovery.
0

4-2
It was recognized that pumping centers should be as close together as
• possible, therefore, the North Carolina Phosphate Corporation (NCPC) pits
were designed to be as compact as possible without undue operational inter-
ference. An attempt was also made to place the pumping centers near the
estimated center of TGI operations.
A preliminary mine layout and reserve allocation has been made
employing the extended bench method. The general progression of mining
is updip, beginning on the eastern edge of reserve block 4, then into blocks
3, 5, and 1, as shown on Exhibit 2. It should be noted that a portion of the
land in the reserve area designated as 3 is not presently owned by NCPC.
The mining progression shown is based on the assumption that TGI and NCPC
can negotiate an arrangement that would enable both companies to mine in a
• sequence that will minimize the total ground water withdrawal requirements.
The mining rates used in this design would provide 4. 0 million tons
of final concentrate production initially, with an expansion to 8. 0 million
tons in the fifth year of operation. A further expansion to 12.0 million tons
of final concentrate per year would occur in the eighth year. The 12. 0 million
ton rate would be maintained throughout the balance of the life of the reserve
area, with some reduction in higher ratio areas. Details of stripping ratios,
machine assignment, and utilization factors are shown in Tabulation 1 follow-
ing this text.
Extended Bench Dragline Stripping andMiningDetail
The first step in the stripping sequence will be the completion of a
• series of water wells designed to partially depressurize locally the Castle
Hayne acquifer below the matrix bed in the immediate area of the active pit.

4-3
This system will be installed and operated sufficiently far in advance of
commencement of the stripping operation to lower the piezometric head in
the initial pit area to minus 160 feet. This initial depressurization will also
decrease the piezometric pressure in the sediments above the Castle Hayne,
primarily, the Pungo River Formation, which will materially enhance their
stability.
The wells will be on 1, 300 foot spacings in the north -south direction
and 480 foot spacings in the east -west direction. They will discharge into
canals incised through the Pleistocene sands and the top few feet of the
Yorktown Formation. The network of canals will be graded toward a central
sump outside the initial mining area where the water will be pumped to process
and/or to waste by centrifugal pumps. The drainage canals will be cut on a
• 623 foot center spacing in the north -south direction and a 720 foot spacing in
the east -west direction. The intermediate east -west canals are required to
vent and remove the perched ground water present in the Pleistocene sand.
The opening box cut for this method will made by a walking dragline
with a 72-cubic yard bucket and a 325 foot boom with an effective 292 foot
operating radius. The cut sequence will be the initial removal and deposition
of the upper 20 feet of dewatered Pleistocene sand in a windrow on the initial
spoil bank. Following this step, the Yorktown Formation material is stripped
and placed behind the windrow in two stages. The spoil slope in the Yorktown
material is controlled on the highwall side to 2.OH: 1.OV to prevent failure
by sliding. The back side of the spoil bank is not controlled and is allowed
0 to fail. The spoil will flow to its residual friction angle, which will approxi-
mate 10 degrees to the horizontal. Exhibit 4E illustrates the opening cut
sequence.

4-4
The highwall on the spoil side of the box cut is 1.7H: 1.OV, which
• provides stability and space for the spoil from cut No. 2.
Matrix will be recovered from the initial cut by the 72-cubic yard
dragline operating from the highwall side on the 40 foot bench on the initial
cut, and depositing the matrix in piles for subsequent transport to the plant.
The mined matrix on the highwall is moved to a slurry pond by two draglines
with 20 cubic yard buckets and 175 foot operating radius. The matrix slurry
ponds are on 650 foot centers. The slurry is pumped to the mill for processing.
A planned stripping technique will be required for the second through
the fourth cuts in order to accomplish the transition from the box cut to the
normal stripping sequence. The transition cuts are shown on Exhibit 4E, and
the normal sequence is shown on Exhibit 4E-1. In practice, the cuts will be
gradually widened and 20 foot benches in the cut slopes established.
After the box cut is stripped, the 72-yard dragline will move to the
top of the highwall. It will ramp down to the top of the Yorktown Formation,
disposing of the Pleistocene sand material beyond the end of the first cut as
much as possible. When in position at the top of the Yorktown bench, it will
begin to excavate the matrix from the box cut. As the matrix is removed and
space is developed in the bottom of the box cut, the 72-yard dragline will chop
down Pleistocene material ahead and alongside and cast it into a buckwall in
the bottom of the mined out area of the box cut.
As soon as all of the matrix in the box cut has been removed and
windrowed, 72-yard dragline strips a 100 foot wide cut in the upper portion of
0 the Yorktown Formation, and disposes of it by building an extended bench in

4 - 5
the box cut, burying the Pleistocene sand buckwall that was just constructed.
iAs the 72-yard dragline approaches the end of the second cut, it begins to chop
ahead of itself in order to form a ramp onto the extended bench level. As the
dragline reaches the end of the second cut, it will have ramped itself down
onto the extended bench, from which level it excavates the balance of the
overburden, performs its rehandle function, and excavates and places the
matrix on top of the highwall.
It will be necessary to cut a ramp at a 10 percent grade to return the
72-cubic yard machine to the top of the highwall for the third cut. This ramp
should be excavated before the dragline begins the second cut,
The third and fourth cuts will be accomplished in the same fashion as
the second, except that a full 120 foot wide pit is stripped and less Pleistocene
. band is stripped. It is necessary to leave a small fender of matrix to provide
spoil room in the second, third and fourth cuts.
In the second phase, a second dragline equipped with a 115 cubic
yard bucket operating on a 301 foot radius will be purchased and placed in
service. This machine will be assigned responsibility for the extended bench
level operation that is stripping 40 feet of the lower Yorktown and rehandling
the extended bench spoil and matrix mining. As before, the matrix will be
placed on top of the highwall, as shown in plan view in Exhibit 3.
In the two dragline operation, the 72 cubic yard machine will follow
the 115 cubic yard machine. It will chop down and cast Pleistocene sand into
a buckwall in the bottom of the pit mined out by the 115 cubic yard machine.
• Concurrently, the 72 cubic yard machine will excavate the upper portion of
the Yorktown material, placing it as an extended bench on top of the buckwall,

3IM-1
as shown in Exhibit 3. As it progresses, the 115 cubic yard machine
0 rehandles the Yorktown Formation spoil from the extended bench to expose
the buried Pleistocene sand buckwall and casts the Yorktown material into
the upper portion of the spoil pile. The disposition of the spoil is carefully
controlled with a maximum vertical height of 50 feet between benches.
Periodically, the 115 cubic yard dragline walks toward the highwall
and excavates the exposed matrix depositing it in a windrow on the top of
the highwall. The two 20 cubic yard draglines will rehandle the matrix into
the slurry pits.
11
0

0
T A BI, L AT ICN I
CVE4Bb?DE!-i AND CC)NCENT'ATE ?RCDUCT 13', SCI-ED'JL_7
E=tended 9-,c Stripping N^.e'had
S-th Cree'. VT'.
Prepared For
NORTH CAROLINA PH05PHATE CORPORATION
By
1ok, T. Boyd Company
htin ing and Geolagiccl EnaEneers
Oc r -, 1974
Fnished Virgin Total S-11 Draolf-r,.
Concentrate Becket Assignee Total Roiio Overburden C -b rd-
Drogline T-Vs Year Capacity C.p.city Overburden (STFC/ (BCY! Thickness Yds,
Block Area Year No. (Ow') (C- Yds.} (C" Yds.l (Feed C- Yds.(000's) (Feetl 1000's}
4 A D+I 7 1,200 72 18, DOC 113.! 7.OG 8,610 113.1 9,6 ..
D-2 780 72 9, 36C T13.1 7.06 j, 46C I!3.i -
D-2 - 9,360 113.1 :,OC-
D•2 2 1,820 115 14,95C 113.1 7.X. = 09E
1) *3 4,000 72 18, 72C 113.1 7.00 2F., 672 113 1 18,'22.
2 - 115 29,900 - - - - -
D+4 T 4,0D0 72 18,720 113.1 7,0^ 76,G-7 18,72i'
2 - 115 29, 900 - - - - -
4 A D+5 1 4,000 72 18, 72C T13.1 7,00 70, 677 i13.1 18, 77"
- 115 29,
'4 B D-5 3 3,75C 90 70, 80C 113.1 7.+_ 113,1 ..1, F`
4 - '15 29, 90C - - - -
4 A D,6 ona 1 a, OOC 72 16, 72C T13.1
D'7 2 - i15 29,900
4 8 D-d one 3 4,000 80 70,6DO 113.1 7_DC 26,896 II3.1 2f,B00
D-7 4 - 115 79,900 - - - - -
3 A D-E 1 4, 000 72 18,720 93.9 7. 79,204 95.9 18,720
2 - 115 79,900 - - - - -
4 g D-F 4, 000 BO 70,800 11.'1 - 11 28,39E 112..1
4 - 115 29,900 - - - - -
4 C D+6 5 3,750 80 20, BUD 373,7 7,00 27,000 113.1 2C-800
6 - 115 79,900 - - - -
3 A D+9 and 1 4,000 72 19,720 95.9 T.13 29,204 95,9 19,77C
D+10 2 - 115 29,900 - - - - -
4 8 D•9 and 3 4,000 80 70,600 113.1 7.x 28,696 113.1 2c,3x
D-30 4 - I15 29,900 _ _ _ _ _
4 C D-9 and 5 4, D00 6C 20,600 113.1 7. DC` 26, 896 113.1 20,800
D,W 6 - T15 29, 900 - - - - -
3 A D+11, D-12, 1 4, 000 72 i8,720 95.9 7. TO 29,490 95.9 18, 72D
and D+13 2 - 1T5 29,900 - - - - -
9 D-1i, D-12 4, 00C 8C 20, 60C 95.9 29,43_ 9=.9 20, 80C
a.d D-13 4 - 1T5 29, 900 - -
4 C D-11, D-12 5 4, 0D0 8D 20,800 113.1 7 DO 28,890 113., 20, 80C
and D-13 6 - 115 79,900 - - - - -
3 A D+14, C1115 1 4, DOC 72 16, 720 95.9 7.13 29,746 95.9 19,720
and D+16 2 - 115 29,900 - - - - -
3 8 D+14, D,15 3 4,Ox 80 20,800 95 9 7,12 79. 689 95.9 -r, 80C
,,a D, la 4 - !15 79,900 - - - - -
3 C D+14, D-15 a 4,Dx 80 20, BDO 95..9 '.13 29,433 9-.9 2C,3x
'and D-16 6 - 113 79, ox - - - - -
5 D D,17 4 4,000 115 29, 900 120.6 7.58 31, 260 T20.6 79,900
2 - 115 29,900 - - - - -
9 D-17 1 3,3x 72 13, 720 95.9 7,13 24,494 ?D.9 ,.'?0
3 - BO 70,80C - - - - -
3 C D,i7 5 4, 000 BO 7Q SOC 95 9 7.13 19, 433 9;.9 2C, RX
o - 115 29, 900 - - - - -
5 D D,16 5 1,8W 60 20,800 120.E 7.58 29,697 T2- 6 20,800
2 - 115 29,900 - - - - -
B D-HE I 3,3x 77 1P.,720 95.9 7. 24,4a4 95.9 i..
3 - 30 20,800
v D, I 4 4, 00-F lli 97, oqn '20.6 71,?_- -.6 ?0. 9!✓
- 115 29,
Re6cnale Frfect:.e O.- -rde, d/a'rl
Large Ovemerden R.tia Morris Roti. WtrTR Overbwrden Drogline
DraglTne Rehandle (C- Yds.} (C- Yds.) (STFC/ Thickness (STFC,? (C_ Yds, i.. (Ca, Yds.) Vtiliz&ian
(000'e) f41� - 1000'sY (000's) C- Yds.) (Peed Co, Yds.1 (000's1 (Om" (V
-7 6,76v 15,070 12.6 39.8 2.46 2.957 16,D77 100
... _ '.363 9,4 30.8 2.46 1,919 9, 287 99
7,3E - - - - 7,BB3 84
36 4, 550 9,662 =. 29,8 2.46 4,47, 14,159 95
_ _ _ _ _ _ Ie,72C .100
9,952 36 10,327 20,774 5.07 39.8 2,46 9, 54'3 30,1T4 101
- - - - - '9, 7 7 C 100
9,952 36 10, 322 2.9,274 5,07 39.6 2.46 9,840 30, 114 101
18,770 lDc
70,274 S.C-7 39.B 2.46 9,849 30,174 101
- - - - - 20, 809 100
6,290 - 4,elT - - 39-8 2.46 9,225 79, 87F I
18,72 Ix
9,952 36 IC,372 20,274 5,07 39,8 2.46 9,840 30,114 101
- - - - - - - - 20,800 100
8,096 36 10,403 18,499 4.62 39.B 2.46 9,840 28,339 95
- - - - - - - - 18,720 100
10,484 26 7,593 Ie,)77 4,57 35.1 2.61 T0,440 28,517 95
- - - - -- - - 20, 800 10c
8, 096 ,433 18, 499 4,62 39-6 2.46 9,840 28, 339 73
_ - _ _ _ - 20, 8OC 100
6, 290 - 4,611 - - 39,R 2.46 9,225 29,67E ]DO
- 36 9, 752 70,653 5,51 - - - - -
- - - - - - - 18,770 IDO
10,484 26 7,593 T8,07] e,-2 35,1 2.61 T0,443 28,517 95
20, SDO 100
8,09E 36 70,�.3 18,499 4,62 39.8 2,46 9, 840 28,339 95
- - - - - - 20,800 100
6,096 36 10,403 16, 499 4.62 19.8 2,46 9, 840 28,319 95
- - - - - - - - 18,770 100
10,770 76 -,667 18,437 4.61 25.1 2.61. 10,44P 28,P77 97
20, 8.H' 100
8,633 26 7,652 T6,265 4.07 35.1 2.61 10,443 26,725 89
- - - - - - - - 20,800 100
6,096 36 10,403 18,499 4,62 19.8 2.46 9, B40 28,339 95
- - - - - - - - 18,720 100
11,026 26 7,734 78,760 4.6a 35,1 2.61 10,440 29,200 96
- - - - - - - - 70, 800 100
8,889 26 7,7T9 16,6- 4.1, 35.1 2.61 10,440 27,04E 91
- - - - - - 20,800 1M
2,533 26 7,652 16, 265 4.07 35.1 2.61 10,44C 26,775 39
- - - - - - - - 29,900 100
1,360 - 5,249 - - 37.6 2.37 9,480 28,906 97
- 41 12,817 19,476 4,B6 - - - - -
18,770 100
774 26 _ 368 12,147 3.69 35.1 7.61 8, 613 20,755 100
- - - - - - - - 20, 800 1DO
8,633 26 7,652 16,285 e 07 35.1 2.61 10,440 26,725 B9
- - - - - - - - 20,900 100
8, S97 41 12,176 71,072. 5..55 37.6 2.37 9,6D6 30,079 101
16,720 190
9, n4 26 6,36E 12,142 2,68, 35.1 2.61 8,613 70,755 100
- - - - - - - - 29,905 fOD
3-.6 2,37 9,480 28, 90d 97
17,817 1a, 476 _,K6
TABULATION 3
GVERBURDEN AND CO NC_NTPATE PRODCCTIC�. ",CHI DOLL

0
TABVLAtION 1 - Corti-d
Fi*,i.had vr9i� T9ra1 Small Dregline
ConcantmTe Bicker Asrigned Torol Rario Ch.er6urden a en Ratio &%W. Rosin M trix 0-6aden Drogfine
Drogfine 7enVYeor Capacity Cepaciiy O„erburden (STFC/ (BCY} T6it nels(Cu. ds. I Orcgllne Rehnndfe fC,,. Yds,I (Cu. Yds.} {STFC/ T t6ass {STFC/ (Cu, Yds.} XC . Yds.) UtilizatSan
Rl ork Area Year No. (000's) (Cu, Yds.) (Cu. Yds.) (Feet) Cu. Yds.} (000's1 (Fear) (ODO'sl {o0p's1 _ -f°?1 i000"! r000'sl C" Yds.} (FeM) Cu, Yds.1 {0004} (D00's) {9&}
5 D D*T9 4 4,450 115 29,900 120,E 7.59 34,743 120.6 29,900 - - - - - _ _ - 29,90C 160
2 - 115 29,900 - - - - 4,643 41 14,245 19,088 4.29 37.6 2.37 10, 54 7 29,635 99
3 B D'i9 1 3,300 72 16,720 95.9 7.13 24,494 95.9 1E,723 - - - - - - 16,720 100
3 - 80 20,BD0 - - - - - 5,774 26 6,366 12,142 3.62 35.1 2.61 8,6i3 2U,755 l00
5 E D-19 5 3,800 80 20,800 120.6 7-58 29.697 120.6 2C,BDC - - - - - _ - 20,80C 100
6 - 115 29,900 - - - - - 8,897 41 T2,176 i1,073 5 ::: J7.6 2,37 9,006 30,079 101
5 D D+2D 4 4,450 115 29,900 120-6 7.58 34,743 120.6 29,960 29,9m.. T00
2 - 115 29,90D - - - - - 4,Bd3 4: 14,245 19,08E 4.29 37.6 2.37 10,547 29,635 99
1 F D+20 1 2,000 72 18,720 94.7 11.34 25,451 64,7 IE,En - - 4,362 _ _ _ _ - 16,87E 101
3 - 80 20,800 - - - - - 4,573 2: 4,925 13,E-60 6.93 25.9 3.47 6,940 20,800 i00
5 E 0+20 5 3, ROD 80 20,800 120.6 7.58 29,697 120.E 20,600 - - - - - _ ^ - 20,E00 IoD
6 - i15 291900 _ _ - - _ B,B97 41 1?,176 21,073 5.55 37.e 2.37 9,006 36,079 101
5 D D-71 4 4,45C 115 29,900 120.6 %--<F 34,743 12C,6 29,900 - - _ _ _ _ - _ 29,900 100
2 - 115 29,900 - - - - - 4,643 41 14,245 19,oB8 4.29 37.6 2.37 10,547 29,635 99
1 f D•21 1 2,300 72 le,720 $4.7 11.34 26,:69 84.7 1E,720 - - - - - - - - IB,B7E 101
3 - 60 20,800 6,?49 2T 5,663 1:3,912 6.05 25.9 3A, 6,94C 20,8OC 100
5 E O-2i 5 3,Ro0 60 20,800 120.6 7.5E 29,697 120.6 70,80C - - - _ _ _ _ 2080D 100
6 - 115 29,900 - - - - T',897 41 12,176 21,073 5.55 37.6 2.37 9,006 30,079 IN
5 D D,22 4 4,450 115 29,900 120.6 7.58 34,743 120.6 29,.9D6 - _ _ - - - 29,900 ICo
2 - 115 29,900 - _ - - - 4, 843 41 14,245 i9, 0E8 4,29 37.6 2.37 10,547 79,635 99
F -27 1 2, 3D0 72 18,770 84,7 11.34 26,969 $4.7 18,72D - - - - - 16,876 101
3 - 8o 20,800 - - - - - 8,249 21 5,663 13,012 6.05 25.9 3.47 6,94C ?0,800 100
1 G Dt22 5 2,600 8o 20,S0o 84.7 11.34 30,466 64.7 20,800 - - - _ _ - - 20,600 )00
6 - 115 29,900 - - - - - 9, 686 - 4,362 - - 25 0 3-47 9,022 29,472 99
?I 6,407 20,45E 7,i,"7 - - - - -
5 D vi23 4 4,450 I15 29,"0 120.6 7.58 34,743 120.6 29,900 - _ - - _ _ _ - 29,900 100
2 - 115 29,900 - - _ _ - 4,E43 41 14,245 19,06E 4.29 37,6 2.37 10,547 29, 635 99
1 o D-23 1 2,300 72 IS.720 c4-7 11.34 26,969 94.7 16,72C - - - _ _ _ _ - IE,878 101
3 - 80 20,800 - - - - - 8,2d9 71 5,663 11,912 6 0.`. 25.9 3.47 6,940 20,E00 106
I G D+23 5 2,900 80 20,800 84.7 17.34 32,R86 84,7 20,800 - - - - _ - - - 20,800 100
6 - 115 29,900 - - - - - 17,086 21 6,906 18,992 6.55 25.9 3.47 10,063 29,055 97
I F• D-14 4 3,I0L' 115 29,90C E4,' 11.34 36,349 e4,7 29,90C - - 4,362 - _ _ - - 29,900 100
2 - 115 29,900 - - - - - 6,445 21 7,633 11,444 5.05 25s 3,47 10,75,- 29,201 96
1 T D-24 1 2,300 72 }8,720 E4,% 31,34 26,969 E4.7 1E,720 - - - - - - - 18,878 101
3 - 60 20,8C0 - - - _ _ r. 244 ?1 5,663 13,912 6,05 21.9 3.47 6,940 20,BDo 100
I G ❑+24 = 2,900 80 20,800 E4,7 11.34 32,E-86 E4,7 20, F. Y) - - - - - - - 20, E00 ]Do
6 - 115 29,900 - - _ - 12,DPo 21 6,906 18,992 6.55 25.9 3,47 10,063, 29,055 97
I H D425 4 3,400 115 29,90C e4,7 11,34 39,E-67 94.7 29,900 - - - - - - - - 29,900 100
2 - 115 29,900 - - - - - 9,967 71 E, 372 15,339 5.39 25,9 3,47 11, 79F 30,137 101
1 F D-25 1 2,30C 72 18,720 R4,7 Ii,34 26, 9cG E4,7 1E,720 - - - - - - 16,E7e 101
3 - 80 20,8DO - - - - 8,249 21 5,663 13,912 6.05 25.9 3.47 6,94E 20,800 100
I G ❑�25 5 2,900 RD 20,800 84.7 11.34 32,880 64.7 20,606 - - - - _ _ _ - 20,800 100
6 - lT5 29,900 - - _ - - 12,06E 21 6,906 i8,S92 6.55 25.9 3.47 10,063 29,055 97
i H D-26 4 3,400 115 29,900 E4.7 11.34 39,E67 84,7 ;9,90C. - - - - _ - - - 29,90D i00
2 - 115 29,900 - - _ - - 9,%7 21 8,372 16, 339 5.39 25.9 3,47 11,79E 30,137 10)
I G D, 26 5 2,900 EO 20,800 84.7 11,34 32,8E-6 84.7 20,BD0 - - - - _ _ - - 20,600 100
6 - IIf, 29,9D0 - - - - - 12,086 21 6,906 18,992 6.55 25.9 3,47 10,063 29,055 97
1 H D-27, D•2F 4 3,400 115 29,900 84,7 11.34 39,E67 64.7 29,900 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29,901) 100
cnd D-29 2 - 115 29,900 - - _ - - 9,967 71 6,372 18,339 3.39 25.9 3,47 11,798 30,137 101
TABULATION 1 - Conli-cd
OVERBURDEN AND CONCENTRATE PRODUCTION SCHEDULE

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All—r - - # Mi oj45 E"IWEER5
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Phosphate in North Carolina
The presence of phosphate resources in North
Carolina has been known for many years. One of the
first official actions regarding the resource was taken in
1891 when the General Assembly passed a law to
encourage prospecting for and mining of phosphate in
the navigable streams.
In 1952, during the administration of Governor W.
Kerr Scott, the State granted a phosphate lease of land
underlying the Pamlico River and its tributaries in
Beaufort County to a subsidiary of American Metals
Company. The lease area started about six miles west
of Washington and continued to a point about 30 miles
east of the city. Following exploration of the area, the
lease was abandoned by American Metals Company in
1953. Their geologists concluded that there was no
"commercial body of phosphate -bearing minerals" in
the Pamlico River lease area.
Exploration for phosphate in North Carolina began
again in 1956 when Luther H. Hodges was Governor.
At that time, Kennecott Copper Corporation and Sun
Oil Company sent representatives to Beaufort County
to investigate the phosphate potential. A lease of all
phosphate minerals underlying the Pamlico and Pungo
Rivers was offered by the State to Kennecott Copper
Corporation in 1958, but the company chose not to
sign the lease at that time.
Then Texasgulf entered the picture and began
exploration activities. When the State, under Governor
Terry Sanford and Conservation and Development
Board Chairman Hargrove "Skipper" Bowles Jr.,
offered a number of Pamlico and Pungo River tracts for
lease, Texasgulf was one of the bidders. On June 14,
1962, Texasgulf, in competitive bidding with Kennecott
Copper, was awarded a lease on Tract D, an area of
9,209 acres spanning the river from shore to shore,
adjacent to the location of the present Texasgulf mine
and fertilizer materials facility. Five years later, when
Governor Dan Moore was in office, Texasgulf
exercised its option to lease the tract.
Texasgulf Pays for Leases
In 1962, when Texasgulf was successful bidder on
Tract D, North Carolina Phosphate Corporation, a
company jointly created by Kennecott Copper
Corporation and American Agricultural Chemical
Company, and Magnet Cove Barium Corporation, also
submitted bids. Magnet Cove Barium was awarded
leases on Tracts G, H and I in the Pungo River totaling
16,312 acres. Dresser Industries, of which Magnet
Cove is a subsidiary, exercised a 25-year lease option
on these tracts in 1967. These state river leases were
eventually abandoned, but Texasgulf maintained its
leases.
In the intervening years, Texasgulf has continued in
force its River leases, paying $27,627 per year on
Pamlico River Area D. This lease runs through the year
2017. In addition, Texasgulf pays annually for a lease
on Durham Creek, which expires in the year 2020.
Total lease payments by Texasgulf to the State, to date,
on its two leases have totalled almost $434,000.

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Texasgulf in North Carolina
Texasgulf sent geologists to North Carolina in the
1950's to explore the area's important phosphate
resources. From that beginning, Texasgulf has grown
to employ almost 1,600 people in four locations within
the State. The largest of these is the phosphate mine
and fertilizer materials manufacturing facility near
Aurora in Beaufort County.
The Beaufort County payroll for more than 1,400
people totals over $25 million annually. Last year, the
company purchased goods and services in North
Carolina worth more than $55 million. An expansion of
Texasgulf facilities in Beaufort County is underway
which will cost an estimated $180 million.
Planning for the Future
Today the company is making plans that extend for
many years into the future. To insure continued
economic viability of the Beaufort County complex and
its products, part of the plan includes determining the
feasibility of development of phosphate deposits with
Area D leased from the State of North Carolina. This
leased area lies under the Pamlico River, fronting
Texasgulf's property on the south shore.
The leased acreage extends across the River to the
north shore of the Pamlico, running along the shore
line for about five miles. This north shore area, and
inland for one mile, includes over 300 residences and
more than 100 piers. In addition, the boat channel,
where the water is at maximum depth, runs close to the
north shore.
Proposed Changes to Lease
People living along the north shore are naturally
concerned that some day phosphate mining operations
could move close to their homes under the current
lease. To ease these and other concerns, Texasgulf
proposes to surrender 4,033 acres of leased area in
the northern portion of the Pamlico in exchange for the
same amount of River acreage on the south shore
(part of Area E), adjacent to the present leased area
(Area D).
Advantages of the Proposal
This trade of leased areas has several advantages.
• Insures an uninterrupted life style and the natural
setting of the residential area on the north shore.
• Provides a continuously open channel for
commercial fishing, boating, sport fishing and
merchant shipping along the Pamlico.
• Provides convenient River lease phosphate ore for
continued economic operation of Texasgulf's facility
at its present site with its high paying jobs and major
tax base.
• Holds the promise of royalties for the State of North
Carolina of nearly $500 million based on current
prices.
• Prevents mining operations close to more than 300
homes and some 100 piers along the north shore.

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